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    ee) Transmission and Distribution Questions Latest Transmission and Distribution MC@ Objective Questions CER ABEL kei) LR eon Start Complete Exam Preparation Panne Practice parca Clits { ao Pie Download App Question 1: View this Question Online > Which of the following can cause voltage sags? 1. Voltage increase of the unfaulted phases during a single line-to-ground fault 2. Single line-to-ground fault 3. Switching off of a large load 4. Energising a capacitor bank Answer (Délailed Solution Below) Be: ingle line-to-ground fault coaching India’s Super Teachers for all govt. exams Under One Roof cd Sea ad Transmission and Distribution Question 1 Detailed Solution The correct answer is Single line-to-ground fault © Key Points Concept: f@Bhye things are brief reductions in voltage, typically lasting from a cycle to a second/or S@@htens Of milliseconds to hundreds of milliseconds. Voltage swells are brief increases in ver the same time range. + Longer periods of low or high vol-age are referred to as “undervoltage” or “overvoltage + Voltage sags are caused by abrupt increases in loads such as short circuits or faults, motors starting, or electric heaters turning on, or they are caused by abrupt increases in source impedance, typically caused by a loose connection. + Voltage swells are almost always caused by an abrupt reduction in load ona circuit with a poor or damaged voltage regulator, although they can also be caused by a damaged or loose neutral connection. + Voltage sags or dips which Causes of Voltage Dips: There are some reasons due to which voltage dips occurs. These are: + Momentary Loss of Supply + Local and remote faults + Load Switching + Network Switching + Power swings + Inductive loading Tee er ecncuay Start Complete Exam Preparation aOR ec cal] Pon (a) oe) Tac Des coloy resieocrg & Quizzes Download App Question 2: View this Question Online > Which of the following is not one of the causes of voltage imbalance in power system? 1, 3-tyor wordt A srightd tae-tet ws 2. Unbalanéed single-phase loading in a 3-phase system ~ loss of all phases 4, Overhead Transmission Lines That Are Not Transposed Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: loss of all phases ‘Transmission and Distribution Question 2 Detailed Solution The correct answer is loss of all phases Concep' The cause of voltage imbalance in a power system is not accurately represented by loss of all phases. Loss of all phases would result in a complete power outage rather than voltage imbalance. Voltage imbalance typically refers to situations where the voltage magnitudes differ between phases in a multi-phase system. * Loss of all phases refers to a complete power outage across all phases of the system. + While loss of all phases would result in a power outage rather than voltage imbalance, + it can indirectly contribute to voltage imbalance in certain scenarios. + For instance, if a power system experiences a complete outage and then later phases are brought back online one by one, there might be voltage imbalances between phases due to differences in the timing or sequence of restoration. Unbalanced single-phase loading in a 3-phase system: + In a 3-phase power system, loads are ideally balanced across all three phases to ensure equal distribution of power. + However, if loads are not evenly distributed’amoftd the phases, it can lead to voltage imbalance. : + Unbalanced loading causes variat 7: curfent flow through each phase, which in turn affects the voltage drop across transmission lines and transformers, leading to voltage imbalance. Blown fuse in one phase of 3-phase capacitor bank: + Capacitor banks are often used in power systems for reactive power compensation and voltage support. + Ifa fuse blows in one phase of a capacitor bank, it can disrupt the balance of reactive power compensation between phases. + The unbalance in reactive power compensation can lead to voltage imbalance, as the voltage across each phase of the system is affected differently. Overhead Transmission Lines That Are Not Transposed: + Ina balanced 3-phase system, ideally, the impedance of each phase of the transmission line should be identical. + If overhead transmission lines are not transposed (meening the positions of the conductors are not regulerly exchanged along the length of the line), unbalanced impedance can occur between phases. + Unbalanced impedance leads to unequal distribution of voltage drop along the transmission line, causing voltage imbalance between phases. reer pec) PS ela me (CM cere teehee) CRC ett Ginn one elie Des ciency res euccg Download App Ett Question 3: View this Question Online > In which type of component impedance is limiting the fault current mostly resistive? 1, Transformer 2. Reactor “7! 4. Generator ‘Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: Cables Transmission and Distribution Question 3 Detailed Solution The correct answer is option’3” FY Concept: + In electrical systems, when talking about components where impedianeé is primarily resistive and playsa significant role in limiting fault current. “ + one is generally referring to current-limiting resistors. These components are explicitly designed to have a significant resistive value, thus limiting'the current through pure resistance. + Resistors are passive electrical components that implement electrical resistance as a circuit element. cy + In the context of fault current limitation, theff'primary purpose is to increase the circuit's total resistance to reduce the magnitude of the fault current. + Cable Construction + Conductor: The comtiugting material that carries the electrical current. Common materials include copper cot cien concuctss) and aluminum (for its lightweight and cost- effectiveness). = Insulation: A non-conductive material that prevents the flow of current outside the intended path. Materials vary widely depending on the application, from PVC and rubber to advanced polymers. + Sheathing: Provides an additional protective layer around the insulation, improving the cable's mechanical strength and environmental protection, + Armor: For cables that require extra protection from physical damage, an armored layer may be added. This is common in underground or industrial applications. + Screen/Shield: Some cables have a metallic screen or braid around the conductors or pairs of conductors to protect against electromagnetic interference. x Ss rN eRe seen Portia Start Complete Exam Preparation Ree conte ei rbd ie Cee Download App Que: n 4: View this Question Online > Which type of materials i8 very useful in electrical engineering for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy? 4. igh resistivity or high conductivity 2. Low resistivity or low conductivity 3. Low resistivity or high conductivity 4. High resistivity or low conductivity Answer (Detailod Solution Below) Option 3 : Low resistivity or high conductivity Transmission and Distribution Question 4 Detailed Solution The correct answer is “option 3° Concept: + The conductor material is nearly always an aluminium or aluminium alloy (AAC, AAAC or TAL). + Made into several strands and possibly reinforced with steel strands or composite core. + Some examples of cables that are often used include ACSR, ACSR/AS and HTLS Cable(ACCQ).. © Add + Based on Resistivity or Conductivity = * Low resistivity or high conductivity conducting material * High resistivity or Low conductivity conducting material nal Information + Material having low r ivity or high condudtivity, are very useful in electrical engines products. = These material used as oy forall kind of windings required in electrical machines, apparatus and d se at te ct energy. ® Silver @ Copper @ Gold @ Aluminum + Materials having High resistivity or Low conductivity conducting are very useful for electrical engineering products. = These material are used to manufacture the filaments for @ incandescent lamp, heating elements for electric heaters, space heaters and electric irons © Some of materials having High resistivity or Low conductivity are @ Tungsten @ Carbon @ Nichrome ® Manganin Cea Ra col Rar emt: Start Complete Exam Preparation ieee cod eh Exeter Dos cielno resieacrg Download App Question 5: View this Question Online > What is the minimum resistance required in insulation test voltage is 500 V DC accordance with BS 7671? - 1. 0.5 MQ = - 3. 2MQ 4. 5MQ 5. None of these Answer (Velailed Solulion below) Option 2:1 Ma Transmission and Distribution Question 5 Detailed Solution Insulation resistance The resistance between clectrieall insulated parts, such as charged metal parts and uncharged metal parts, or the contro! output end the operation circuits is known as the insulation resistance. According to BS 7671, insulation resistance should be approximately one megohm for every 1000 volts of operating voltage, with a one megohm minimum. Thus, the minimum resistance required in insulation test voltage for 500 Vis 1 MQ. The insulation resistance is measured by the megger circuit. ieee RU Rect Start Complete Exam Preparation ae C a Soc ) ally tive Fabs ara (i tose CJ ear bere Download App Question 6 View this Question Online > Which of the following voltage range is used in medium transmission lines? 1. Less than 20 kV 2. More than 200 kV 3. 20 kV to"100 kV" a 4. 50 KV to 200 kv Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: 20 kV to 100 kV Transmission and Distribution Question 6 Detailed Solution Transmission lines are classified based on three criteria. a) Length of transmission line b) Operating voltage 0) Effect of capacitance The table below summarizes the classification of transmission lines. Length of Operating Effect of [ranginess le anstiniesipn "9° | capacitan Short (0 - 80) km| |transtiniasio} Medium | (0 - 200)| @0-100)| “cris lransiiniasioh K™ kv | lumped. ona ki wl Cis (> 200) km (> 100) kV] itranstimigsio} distributed] eX ESE Seen ert Start Complete Exam Preparation ECC C DR Soc Pr oad haa scold resin Download App Question 7 View this Question Online > Which among the following cable are generally suited for the voltage up to 11 kV? 1. Belted cabless 2. Screened cables: 3 oa cote 4. None of these Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : Belted cabless Transmission and Distribution Question 7 Detailed Solution The following types of cables are generally used for 3-phase service: 1, Belted cables - up to 11 kV 2. Screened cables - from 22 kV to 66 kV 3. Pressure cables - beyond 66 kV Belted cabl + These cables are used ¥ .* up to11 kV but in extraordinary cases, their use may be extended up to 22 kV + The belted type cons suitable only for low and medium voltages as the electrostatic stresses developed in the cables for these voltages are more or less radial ie,, across the insulation + For high voltages (beyond 22 kV), the tangential stresses also become important + These stresses act along the layers of paper insulation + As the insulation resistance of paper is quite small along the layers, therefore, tangential stresses set up leakage current along the layers of paper insulation * The leakage current causes local heating, resulting in the risk of breakdown of insulation at any moment EAE ane Rarely eer Start Complete Exam Preparation leet ered enw aia Ces od Question Bank Exe) Download App Question 8 View this Question Online > The minimum clearance distance that equipment should be kept away from 50 kV power lines is: 1, 20 feet 2. 10 feet A... 4, 5 feet Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: 10 feet Transmission and Distribution Question 8 Detailed Solution The minimum clearance distance that equipment should be kept away from power lines of different voltage levels is shown in below table. um clearance distance (feet) Up to 50 kV 10 ~ 50 to 200 ky 45 Voltage 200 to 350 kV 20 350 to 500 kV 25 500 to 750 kV 35 750 to 1000 kV 45 Over 1000 kV 50 a & eee ec Start Complete Exam Preparation Gee Oke Mock Des cieln researc & Quizzes Download App Question 9 Dielectric strength of rubber is around 1. 3kV/mm 2. 10 kv/mm 3.30 kV/mm 4. Az. ‘Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: 30 kV/mm ‘Transmission and Distribution Question 9 Detailed Solution ease ee CRCeo Lm cotta ‘Wiew this Question Online > PONS ACRE DE Ne EN Itreflects the electric strength of insulating materials at various power frequencies. It is the voltage per unit thickness at which a material will conduct electricity. Dielectric Strength (kVimm) Air = Oil 5-20) ~~ Rubber 30-40 Mica 118 Alumina BA Diamond 2000 ieee Muu Beet Start Complete Exam Preparation alee a errr Cole hea cles Download App Question 10 View this Question Online > Asingle-phase motor takes 50 A at a power factor angle of 30° lagging from a 250-V, 50- Hz AC supply. What value of capacitance must a shunting capacitor have to raise the power factor to unity? 1. 2123 pF WAS uF 3. 036.6 uF 4, 3183 pF Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: 318.3 pF Transmission and Distribution Question 10 Detailed Solution Concept: Real power for single-phase P = VI cos® Reactive power for single-phase Q = VI sin8 For purely capacitive circuit Q = v2w c Note: To suppress the inductive effect of load, we add purely capacitive load across load. Calculation: Given V = 250 volt 1= 50 amp ~a @ = 30° w=2xmx50=314 Reactive power = 250 x 50 x sin30° = 6250 VAr For unity power factor, we add capacitance across load Vw = 6250 VAr = 250? x 314 x C = 6250 VAr C= 318.3 pF ad eee ee eel Start Complete Exam Preparation (8) ees one) DearS MasterCl seca Px tca D> Download App aC ODA Secs Question 11 View this Question Online > The skin effect does not depend upon: 1. The shape of the conductor 2. Operating voltage ct 3. The diameter of the conductor e 4, Frequency ot Answer (Det: Sy ution Below) RAS., voltage ‘Transmission and Distribution Question 11 Detailed Solution + The phenomenon arising due to unequal distribution of current over the entire cross- section of the conductor is referred to as the skin effect. + Such a phenomenon does not have much role to play in case of a very short transmission line, but with an increase in the effective length of the conductors, skin effect increases considerably. + The distribution of current over the entire cross-section of the conductor is quite uniform in the case of a DC system. + But in the alternating current system, current tends to flow with higher density through the surface of the conductors (i.e., the skin of the conductor), leaving the core deprived of current. [The cross-sectional area fa round conductor Prailable for conducting JDC current. (DC resistance) [The cross-sectional area of )f the same conductor ) low-frequency AC (AC resistance) [The cross-sectional area Jof the same conductor javailable for conducting, high-frequency AC fac cic, Factors affecting skin effect in transmission lines are: + Frequency — The skin effect increases with the increase in frequency. + Diameter — It increases with the increase in the diameter of the conductor. + The shape of the conductor — Skin effect is more in the solid conductor and less in the stranded conductor because the surface area of the solid conductor is more. + Type of material — skin effect increase with the increase in the permeability of the material (Permeability is the ability of the material to support the formation of the magnetic field). Important Points: + The Skin effect is negligible if the frequency is less than the S0Hz and the diameter of the conductor is less than the 1cm. + In the stranded conductors like ACSR (Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced) the current flows mostly in the outer layer made of aluminum, while the steel near the center carries no current and gives high tensile strength to the conductor. + The concentration of current near the surface enabled the use of an ACSR conductor. & ee ea Ree ct PS ela mew climes betel) evi aes Mock Tests ae a ec Download App ‘Question 12 oO ¢ View this Question Online > In the case of three core flexibl chines lour of the neutral is xeo 4. Green Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Blue Transmission and Distribution Question 12 Detailed Solution Concept: Function Colour code Single-phase line Red/Brown Single-phase neutrall Black/Blue Ground wire Green Three-phase line 1 Red Three-phase line 2 Yellow Three-phase line 3 Blue Three-phase neutral Bleck Three-phase protective ground | @% (oF) Green - orearth fellow Neutral wire (3- BI core flexible cable)| ue: ieee amu Bec Start Complete Exam Preparation iret Crore ern Cpr Download App Question 13 CC ORR Seo View this Question Online > Cables used for underground services from 33 kV to 60 kV are: 1. extra high-tension cables 2. high tension cables ah A. cables 4. extra super voltage cables Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : extra high-tension cables Transmission and Distribution Question 13 Detailed Solution Classification of underground cables on the basis of voltage level is givén below ‘Type of Cable Voltage level (kV) Low tension (LT) Cable 0-1 kV, High tension (H.T,) Cable 1-11 Super tension (ST) Cable 1-33kV Extra high-tension (EH.T.) abe 33-66 kV Extra super-tension(.S.T.) Cable 66 kV and above So ean Reel Start Complete Exam Preparation CR Gee La corte nce rice UE} Masterclasses Download App Cresco Question 14 View this Question Online > The type of insulator used on lines up to 33 kWis 1. Pin insulator IL. Reel insulator Ill. Post insulator IV. Str wulator 1. llFand iV 2. land Il 3. Mand Ill 4. land IV Answer (Detailed Solution Below) . Option 4: | and IV Transmission and Distribution Question 14 Detailed Solution + Pin insulators are used for holding the ine Conductors on the straight running of poles. These are commonly used in power networks up to 33 KV system. + Suspension insulatorggeoosist of a nlimber of porcelain discs connected in series by metal links in the form of a\stn € conductor is suspended at the bottom end of this string while the other end of the st Secured to the cross- arm of the tower. For high voltage (>33KV), it is a usual practice to use suspension type insulators. + When there is a deaci-end of the line or there is a corner or sharp curve, the line is subjected to greater tension. in order to relieve the line of excessive tension, strain insulators are used. + For low voltage lines (<11 kV) shackle insulators are used as strain insulators. + Stay insulators are also known as strain insulators and are generally used up to 33 kV line, These insulators should not be fixed below three meters from the ground level. These insulators are also used where the lines are strained. cd India’s #1 Learning Platform %. PS eTa Ou) M emda elated) Serer Bees ented [ors role Crestenioig Download App A a yy a et eee The current in a transmission line under no load conditions is due to: 4. Spinning reserve 2. Corona effects 3. Capacitance of the line

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