Distribution Systems Questions Latest Distribution Systems MCQ Objective Questions PERE aL alc Start Complete Exam Preparation Por Clits Download App Question 1: View this Question Online > Mock Tests aC Dar a eer Study the given figure and select the reactor system shown from the given options. G, G, GS Reactors | Reactors | Feeders A B c 1. Feeder reactor 2. Generator reactor 3. bus bar reactor (Tie-bar system) 4. bus-bar reactor (Ring system) » 5. None of these “Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: bus-bar reactor (Ring system) Generators Common Bus-Barcoaching for all govt. exams Under One Roof FREE) Demo Classes Available ad Distribution Systems Question 1 Detailed Solution Concept Ring main system: In this system, each distribution transformer is fed with two feeders but in different paths. The feeders in this system form a loop that starts from the substation bus bars run through the load area feeding distribution transformers and returns to the substation bus bars. Ring main distribution system is the most preferred due to its following advantages: + There are fewer voltage fluctuations at the consumer's terminal. + The system is very reliable as each distribution transformer is fed with two feeders. That means, in the event of a fault in any section of the feeder, the continuity of the supply is ensured from the alternative path. + Voltage is affected less at far away load from the substation. Interconnector Ie I, Radial Distribution System: This system is used only when the substation is lo: +t the center of the consumers. In this system, different feeders radiate from a seca the distributors at one end. Thus, the main characteristic of a radial distribution system is thet fe power flow is in only one direction. It is the simplest system and has the lowest initial cost but it is not highly reliable. Major drawbacks of a radial distribution system are, + A fault in the feeder will result in supply failure to associated consumers as there won't be any alternative feeder to feed distributors. + Voltage is affected much at far away load from the substation.Radial Distributor Generating Station 2 cr Sub Station = = z = | lesibogk zs eS Radial Feeders Interconnected distribution system: When a ting main feeder is energized by two or more substations, it is called as an interconnected distribution system. This system ensures reliability in an event of transmission failure. Also, any area fed from one generating station during peak load hours can be fed from the other generating station or substation for meeting power requirements from the increased load. India’s #1 Learning Platform Ree Da acest Start Complete Exam Preparation leon: Oke Pear edad Cs cspelney es Retard Bret c Download App Question 2: View this Question Online > In radial distribution system, separate feeder radiates from single substation and feeds the distributors at 1. one end only 2. two ends 3. three ends 4. four ends 5. None of these.> An failed Solution Below) tion 1: one end only Distribution Systems Question 2 Detailed Solution Connection schemes of distribution system 1.) Radial Distribution System HV/MV Substation Fuse Service Drops LV Feeders (Overhead) 4epee4 LV Feeders (Cable) + This system is used only when a substation or generating station is located at the center of the consumers. + In this system, different feeders radiate from a substation or a generating station and feed the distributors at one end. Thus, the main characteristic of a radial distribution system is that the power flow is in only one direction + Although this system is the simplest and least expensive, it is not highly reliable. A major drawback of a radial distribution system is, that a fault in the feeder will result in supply failure to associated consumers as there won't be any alternative feeder to feed distributors. ‘ 2.) Parallel Feeders Distribution System = Nee eA GD feeder 2 0° ae : XO + Ina parallel distribution system, multiple feede din parallel to the same source of power. + The initial cost of this system is muct s the Humber of feeders is doubled. Such a system may be used where the relia © supply is important or for load sharing where the load is higher. 3.) Ring Main Distribution System Substration DistributorDistributor — aye Distributor + Ring distribution systems are designed so that every distribution transformer connects with two feeders using different paths. + These feeders form a loop that starts at the substation bus bars, goes through the load area feeding distribution transformers, and returns to the substation bus bars. Ee APE Rete) SRE LoL PS elem (CM ei mre lela tel) oad Download App Question 3: View this Question Online > The size of a feeder is determined primarily by: 1. The current it is to.carry 2. The percentage variation of voltage in the feeder xX voltage across the feeder 4, The distance over which the transmission is made Answer (Detailed Solution Below)Option 1: The current it is to carry Distribution Systems Question 3 Detailed Solution The correct answer is option no "1". Concept:- The size of a feeder in electrical systems is determined primarily by two main factors: 1.Current-carrying capacity (Ampacity): + The feeder must be able to handle the maximum current expected to flow through it under normal operating conditions without overheating. + The current-carrying capacity is influenced by factors such as the conductor material (usually. copper or aluminum), cross-sectional area, insulation type, installation conditions (e.gipburied in the ground, in conduit, in open air), and ambient temperature. + The goal is to ensure that the feeder can safely and efficiently conduct the electrical power required by the loads it serves without exceeding the allowable temperature rise of the conductor's insulation. 2.Voltage drop: * The size of the feeder must elected tollimit the voltage drop to an acceptable level under maximum load concit ssive Voltage drop can lead to inefficient operation of electrical equipment and cen ¢ devices to malfunction or not operate correctly. + The allowable voltage drop typically varies depending on the application but is often set at a maximum of 3% to 5% for the feeder, considering both the feeder and branch circuits combined + The voltage drop is influenced by the conductor material, size, length of the feeder, and the current flowing through it. These primary considerations ensure that the electrical system operates safely, efficiently, and within the operational requirements of the connected devices or appliances. &; Additional Information Additionally, compliance with local electrical codes and standards (such as the National Electrical Code (NEC) in the United States) is essential when determining the appropriate size for feeders and other components of the electrical distribution system. Other factors, such as future expansion plans and economic considerations, may also influence the final choice of feeder size. India's #1 Learning Platform Ror ee Start Complete Exam Preparation lees oka (ee Coes rea Ga Download App rereQuestion 4: View this Question Online > <0 Aline which connects a distributor to substation i ied.) 1. Distributor Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Feeder Distribution Systems Question 4 Detailed Solution The correct answer is option no *2 Concept: Aline that connects a distributor to a substation is typically called a feeder line or act feeder. Feeders are crucial components of the electrical distribution system, responsible transmitting electrical power from substations, where voltage is stepped down fro: @) transmission levels to lower levels suitable for distribution, to the distribution networks ultimately deliver electricity to end users or to additional distribution tra er rther voltage reduction. Distributors: A distributor is a conductor from ni taken for supply to the consumers. In Fig. AB, BC, CD and DA are the distributors. SeRe aero tila) Start Complete Exam Preparation CR Gec Lar cont iGreen: nee Gigs Dos cheney Download App resieucoug Exeter Question 5: View this Question Online > Which of the following is NOT avcharacteristic of a radial distribution system? 1. Power flows ifvonly one direction a dye 3. Low cost 4. Simple construction Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Highly reliable Distribution Systems Question 5 Detailed Solution The correct answer is option “2° Explanation: * A radial dsiouich My Jes not exhibit high reliability because it lacks redundancy. * Power flows in only on&@ection, typically from the substation to the end-users, making it vulnerable to disruptions. + While radial systems are characterized by simplicity and low construction costs, their reliability is compromised compared to more complex distribution networks with multiple paths for power flow, like looped or network systems. * The lack of alternative routes in radial systems makes them less re: ient to faults and failures. Top Distribution Systems MCQ ObjPee re acca Serres Start Complete Exam Preparation aS Pee aos Cie eR rr Corres Download App ‘Question 6 View this Question Online > As per Indian Electricity rule in overhead systems, the recommended span in case of wooden poles is 1, 100-300 meters 2. 40-50 meters s 3. 50-80 meters 4, 80-100 meters _ Solution Below) Option 2: 40-50 meters Distribution Systems Question 6 Detailed Solution Indian electricity rules: + All-electric supply lines and apparatus shall be sufficient in power and size of sufficient mechanical strength for the work they may be required to do, and, so far as is shall be constructed, installed, protected, worked, and maintained under the standards of the Indian Standards Institution to prevent danger. + For carrying the overhead line, wooden poles, concrete poles, steel poles, and rail electric poles are used. + Which poles are to be used, depends on the importance of load, location, and place, the cost- effectiveness of such construction, including maintenance cost, keeping its profit element in mind. Wooden pole: «= In the earlier period, wooden poles are used for 400 volts and 230 volts L.T. line and I.K.V.HT.line in a massive way. * In some casess wooden poles are used for33 kV line. + The cost-effectiveness of a wooden pole is much less in comparison to other electric poles and the expenditure incurred for its foundation is also comparatively very less. + If proper maintenance and treatment are done on the wood, the wooden pole is lost for a long eriod. . The recommended span in the case of wooden poles is 40 — 50 meters. * The breakdown force is between 450 kg / cm? and / above 850 kg /cm?, Note: Span: Span means the horizontal distance between two adjacent supporting points of an overhead conductor. , =C,/ FE Normal span in meters 7 a Where, P = height of conductor support for which the normal span is to be calculated (meter) L = conductor clearance above level ground (meter) C= ruling span (meter) D = conductor sag for ruling span C (meter) As per Indian Electricity rule in overhead systems, the recommended span of various support poles is given below |Line-support] Recommended span| Wooden pole| 40-50 meters RCC pole. 80 - 100 meters Steel pole | 50 to 80 meters Steel tower | 300 meters or above eee een) SPS Start Complete Exam Preparation Cal] Pe 6 Practice ( Deas Discard Exit cr) Download App esieucoag Question 7 “View this Question Online > voltages can be available from a 3 wire DC distribution system. 1. One2. Four 3. Two 4. Three Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: Two Distribution Systems Question 7 Detailed Solution Three Wire DC Distribution Systems: + It consists of two outer wires and a middle or neutral wire which is earthed at the substation. + Availability of two voltages ina 3-wire system is preferred over the 2-wire system for d.c. distribution. + The voltage between the outers is twice the voltage between the outer and neutral wire +The principal advantage of this system is that it makes available two voltages at the consumer terminals. + V volts between any outer and neutral and 2V volts between the outers. 2 +Ve Outer OL Ve Outer This system leaves the following connection choices to a consumer: + Between positive conductor and neutral (V volt) + Between negative conductor and neutral (V volt) + Between the positive and negative conductor (2V volt) India's #1 Learning Platform Reon ete Start Complete Exam Preparation fyeaod ond rans haa esol ‘Question Bank a ee > Download AppQuestion 8 View this Question Online > Primary distribution is carried out by 1. single phase two wire system 2. single phase three wire system 3. two phase three wire system 4, three phase three wire system Answer (Detailod wy Option «inne wire system AS istribution Systems Question 8 Detailed Solution Single line diagram of power system Generating station 11/132kV (voltage is stepped up to 132 kV/220 kV/400 kV etc.) Primary transmission 132/33 kV (Voltage is stepped down to 33 kV or 66 kV) Pb Receiving station Secondary transmission 33/11 kV sub station aPrimary distribution Industrial consumers Distribution transformer AV RW/4IE V Secondary distribution Consumers Stage of power system | Voltage Level Wk a Generation Primary transmission 132 KV / 220kV Secondary transmission 66 kV Primary distribution 11 kV /66 kV Secondary distribution A440 V / 220V The primary distribution is carried out by a 3-phase 3-wire system. Primary distribution handles large consumers such as factories and industries which need voltage in kv which is possible only 3-phase 3-wire system. If it is carried out with 14, then there are chances of voltage drop. od ieee acca! Start Complete Exam Preparation mM Mock Tests Exotica) ed resietcos eau Gite Download App Question 9 Which of the following statements is FALSE? Reena conte \Wiew this Question Online >1. Assingle-phase system has many advan 2. The supply frequency: (a) AC system in India is 50 Hz 3. To eR 6». the armature winding in a generators divided into the art jases ree-phase system is found to be more economical Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : A single-phase system has many advantages over a three-phase system Distribution Systems Question 9 Detailed Solution Three-phase system has the following advantages as compared to the single-phase system: + Low cost of Machinery: The power to weight ratio of a 3-¢ alternator, three-phase inducti motor and three-phase transformers is high as compared to the 1-6 alternator, sini induction motor and single-phase transformer respectively. That means Ae n of the same amount of electric power, the size of a 3-p alternator is s toat-o alternator. + Required less amount of conductor material: For electric po Wt: and distribution of the same amount of power, the requireme! ‘tor material is less in the 3-¢ system as compare to the 1-4 system. + Vibration-free operation: The instantaneous p: constant over the cycle results in a smooth and vibration-free operation ghey hereas in the 1- system the instantaneous power is pulsating henc b the ‘cycle, which leads to vibrations in machines. + Better power factor an: efficiency as compared motor. Reliability: If a fault occ \) winding of a 3-phase transformer, the rest of the two winding can be used in the open delta to serve the 3-phase load, The same is not possible in the 1-6 transformer. This ability of 3-phase transformer further increases the reliability of the 3-phase transformer. + A 3-phase system can be used to feed a 1- load, whereas vice-versa is not possible. icienc! iS" motor has better power factor and The supply frequency of a single-phase AC system in India Is 60 Hz, To develop a polyphase system, the armature winding in a generator is divided into the required number of phases.& India’s #1 Learning Platform CC RR eee Start Complete Exam Preparation Pn ioe Mock Tests Gites Question Bank pores Download App Question 10 ‘ View this Question Online > The residential distribution system employs, 1. Two-phase, four-wire 2. Three-phase, fourwire ‘~ phase,two-wire 4, Three-phase, three-wire Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: Single-phase, two-wire Distribution Systems Question 10 Detailed Solution Primary transmission : The electric supply (132 kV, 220 kV, 500 kV or greater) is transmitted to load center by three-phase three-wire (3 phase - 3 wires) overhead transmission system. Secondary transmission : At the receiving station, the level of voltage reduced by step-down transformers up to 132 kV, 66 or 33 kV and electric power is transmitted by three-phase three-wire (3 phase - 3 wires) overhead system to different substations. Primary distribution : At a substation, the level of secondary transmission voltage (132KV, 66 or 33KV) is reduced to 11 kV (ina three-phase three-wire overhead system) by step down transformers,Secondary distribution : ~~ + Electric power is given to (from primary distribution line (ie) 11 kV) distribution substation. + This substation is located nearoy consumers area where the level of voltage reduced by step down transformers is 415 V. + In a3 phase four wire system (3 phase - 4 wires), there are 416 volts (Three-phase supply system) between any two phases and 230 volts (single-phase supply) between neutral and any one of the phases (lives) wire. + Residential load (i.e. Fans, light, and TV, etc) may be connected between any one phase and neutral wires, while three-phase loads may be connected directly to the three- phase lines. + A three-phase 418V, supply is used for supplying small industrial and commercial loads such as garages, schools, and blocks of flats. A single-phase 230 V supply is usually provided for individual domestic consumers. India's #1 Learning Platform ORG Rr ecto Start Complete Exam Preparation ieee Portas Download App ‘Question 11 View this Question Online > Fig. below shows a2 wire DC distributor cable AC of 4 km long supplying loads of 100 A and 200 A at distances of 2 km and 4 km from A. The feeder is fed at point A with a valtage of 500 V. The voltage available at the farthest point in the system is_. (Assume conductor resistance per km as 0.02 9). A B c 2km 2km S00V 100A =. 200A. 1. 470V 2. 400V 3. 476VAnswer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: 460 V Distribution Systems Question 11 Detailed Solution Concept On the basis of how DC distributors are fed by the feeders, they are classified as: — Distributor fed at one end — Distributor fed at both oa — Distributor fed at = Ring distributor. N distribution given in the question is of type “Distributor fed at one end’. oO plthth @ hth Rb ST i h & + In this type of feeding, the distributor is connected to the supply at one end and loads are taken at different points along the length of the distributor. + In the above figure end P is also called singly fed distributor and loads 1y, |p and |3 tapped off at points Q, R, S respectively. Points to remember in this type of distribution: 1) The current in the various sections of the distributor away from the feeding point goes on decreasing. Thus the current in the section PQ is more than current in the section QR and the current in the section QR is more than current in section RS. 2) The voltage across the loads away from the feeding point goes on decreasing, Therefore minimum voltage occurs at point S. 3) In case a fault occurs at/on any section of the distributor, the whole distributor will have to be disconnected from the supply mains. Calculations:S00V 100A 200A Given- conductor resistance per km = 0.02 0 But in 2 wire DC distributor system 2 conductors are present -- Resistance per km for 2 wire DC distributor = 0.02 x 2 = 0.040 -. Resistance of section AB = .04 x 2 = 0.08 0 (Ras) «+ Resistance of section BC = 0.04 x 2 = 0.08 (Rac) Also, Iz = 200 A, y = 100.4 «Current in section AB = 1; + Ip = 100 + 200 = 300A ©. current in section BC = Ip = 200A i.e. Iga = 300 A, Ipc = 200A Now, Voltage available at load point B Vp = Voltage at A - Voltage drop in AB Vp = 500 V~Iag x Rag Vp = 500 V- (300 x 0.08) V Vp = (500 - 24) V Vp = 476V Now, voltage available at point C V¢ = voltage at B - voltage drop in BC Vc = 476 V- lac x Rac Ve = 476 V - (200 x 0.08) V Vc =476V-16V Vc = 460 V ‘O Therefore the voltage available at the farthest point (C) in the system is 460 V. XN a xe There are a few advantages of other types of the distribution system,hb b Distribution fed at both ends + In this type of distribution, if a fault occurs on any feeding point of the distributor or on any section of the distributor, the continuity of the supply is maintained from the other operating feeding point. + Also the area of cross-section required for doubly-fed distributors is much less than that of a singly fed distributor. (hh) (1y+l) PG RS. Tt! OM Fig. Distributor fed at the center al, Feeder Pp R L, Ss Ee Distribution Ring 1 3 + Distributor fed at the center is equivalent to two singly fed distributors, each distributor having a common feeding paint and length equal to half of the total length. + In-ring main distribution, the distributor is in the form of a closed ring. it is equivalent to a straight distributor fed at both ends with equal voltages, where the two ends being brought together to form a closed ring. + The distributor ring may be fed at one or more than one point.Pela me (CM ee ete ye laced) iGices hee ere [oes Cole Cresteatong Exo) Download App ‘Question 12 View this Question Online > What is the ratio of copper required for 4-wire 2~phase ac system to an equivalent 2-wire DC system? Answer (Detailed Solution Below) 1 Option 1: ame Distribution Systems Question 12 Detailed Solution + For the same conductor length, the same amount of power, same losses and same maximum voltage to earth, 3 wire DC system requires minimum conductor area + For transmitting the same amount of power at the same voltage, a three-phase transmission line requires less conductor material than a single-phase line; The three-phase transmission system is so cheaper + For a given amount of pawer transmitted through a system, the three-phase system requires conductors with a smaller cross-sectional area; This means a saving of copper and thus the original installation costs are less Important Point: Below is given the table which shows the ratio of conductor-material in any system compared with that in the corresponding 2-wire DC system. Cos @ is the power factor in an AC system. e maximum mais ieeea piesa voltage to earth | YO "S98 oetuiecn conductors IDC system: Two-wire| 1 1 inet! es DC: 3 wire 0.3125 1.25 Single-phase: 2 wire 2ycos%p 2/cos* mii Ziel as/cos’e 2/cos% Single-phase: 3 wire 0.625/cos*p 25/cos* 2-phase: 4 wire 0.5/cos?@ 2Icos*o 2-phase: 3 wire 1.457/cos’h 2.914/cos% 3 phase, 3 wire 0.5/cos*o 1.5/cos*) 3 phase, 4 wire 0.657 /cos*b 2/cos*> eee Eecu) Start Complete Exam Preparation Dar cotta lees food laa cee ‘Question Bank Download App Question 13 View this Question Online > Auniform two-wire DC distributor that is 200 m long is loaded with 2 amperes/meter. Resistance of single wire is 0.3 Q/km. Calculate the maximum voltage drop if the distributor is fed from one end. 1.12V2.6V 3 > 4. 36V Answer (Detailod Solution Bolow) Option 3: 24.V Distribution Systems Question 13 Detailed Solution Concept: In a uniformly loaded distributor fed at one end, the maximum total voltage drop = IR/2 Ina uniformly loaded distributor fed at both ends, the maximum total voltage drop = 1R/8 The maximum voltage drop in the case of uniformly loadedidistributor fed at both ends is one- fourth of the maximum voltage drop in the case of uniformly loaded distributor fed at one end. Calculation: Length of distributor = 200 m =0.2 km Current supplied by cn A ee Total current supplied by distributor (I) = 200 x 2= 400A The resistance of single wire = 03 O/km Total resistance = 0.3 x 0.2 = 0.062 For Two wire, R = 0.06 x 20 oR el = Maximum voltage drop = “+ = 3 * 400 x 0.06 x 2= 24V Perera ico) Start Complete Exam Preparation CaCeo Lm cottaTend ote) (os] Deca MasterClasses resieacod Exotica) Download App Question 14 View this Question Online > The following difficulty of radialsystem can be overcome by ring system. 1. Higher lengthof the conductor _ affected much at far away load from the substation “3. Feeders connected to the supply from both end 4, High cost of the radial system Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Voltage is affected much at far away load from the substation Distribution Systems Question 14 Detailed Solution Radial Distribution System: This system is used only when the substation is located at the center of the consumers. In this system, different feeders radiate from a substation and feed the distributors at one end. Thus, the main characteristic of a radial distribution system is that the power flow is in only one direction. Itis the simplest system and has the lowest initial cost but it is not highly reliable. Major drawbacks of a radial distribution system are, + A fault in the feeder will result in supply failure to associated consumers as there woft be any alternative feeder to feed distributors. H + Voltage is affected much at far away load from the substation. 2 Ring main system: In this system, each distribution transformer is fed with thio feeders but in different paths. The feeders in this system form a loop wi +s from the substation bus-bars run through the load area feeding distribution transformers ins to the substation bus-bars.Ring main distribution system is the most preferred due to its following advantages: * There are fewer voltage fluctuations at the consumer's terminal. * The system is very reliable as each distribution transformer is fed with two feeders. That means, in the event of e fault in any section of the feeder, the continuity of the supply is ensured from the alternative path + Voltage is affected less at far away load from the substation. Interconnected di ution system: When a ting main feeder is energized by two or more substations, itis called as an interconnected distribution system. This system ensures reliability in an event of transmission failure. Also, any area fed from one generating station during peak load hours can be fed from the other generating station or substation for meeting power requirements from the increased load. India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation ACCOR ora Girne oe pes Cres ean 2 Quizzes rere Download App Question 15 View this Question Online > Which of the following statements is/are true regarding AC distribution system and DC distribution system? a) In DC distribution system, the voltage drop is due to resistance only. b) In AC distribution system, the voltage’drop is due to resistance only. ©) In AC distribution system the effect of inductance is always neglected. 2. @, (o) and (c) 3. Only (a) and (¢) 4. Only (a) and (b)Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : Only (a) Distribution Systems Question 15 Detailed Solution \ f The correct answer is option A. AC distribution system Noe + The AC transmission system is used f tance transmission. * It uses three conductors for trans! rc + The voltage drop is ci oth @ and inductance. + Presence of skin effect surge, and interference with the communication line. + Repairing and mainten @easy and inexpensive. DC distribution system + The DC transmission system is used for long-distance transmission (in form of HVDC). + It uses two conductors for transmission. + The voltage drop is due to resistance only. + The effect of inductance is always neglected. + Absence of skin effect, voltage surge, and interference with the communication line. + Repairing and maintenance are difficult and expensive,