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BH-70P Service Manual
BH-70P Service Manual
BH-70P Service Manual
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CONTENTS
CONTENTS...................................................................................................................I
Copyright and Declaration.......................................................................................I
Chapter 1 System Description............................................................................. 1
1.1 Front View......................................................................................................................1
1.2 Side View....................................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Principles of Operation................................................................................................ 2
1.3.1 Electrical Impedance Method.........................................................................3
1.3.2 WBCs Counting Principles..............................................................................3
1.4 WBC Test Principle and Differential.......................................................................... 4
1.5 RBC Test Principles..................................................................................................... 5
1.5.1 RBC Total Number Test Principle.................................................................. 5
1.5.2 Test Principles of RBC Indexes..................................................................... 5
1.6 Platelet Test Principle.................................................................................................. 6
1.7 HGB Colorimetric Method........................................................................................... 6
1.8 Parameters.................................................................................................................... 7
Chapter 2 Notice...................................................................................................... 8
2.1 External Factors............................................................................................................8
2.1.1 Voltage............................................................................................................... 8
2.1.2 Electromagnetic Interference......................................................................... 8
2.1.3 Temperature...................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Location Requirement................................................................................................. 8
2.3 Notices for Startup........................................................................................................9
2.4 Blood Samples Collection and Test...........................................................................9
Chapter 3 Circuit....................................................................................................10
3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 11
3.1.1 Electrical System............................................................................................ 11
3.1.2 Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS)...................................................... 12
3.1.3 ARM-FPGA Board..........................................................................................12
3.1.4 Analog Amplifier Board..................................................................................13
3.1.5 Valves and Motors Drive Board................................................................... 14
3.1.6 AVDD Board.................................................................................................... 15
3.1.7 LED Board....................................................................................................... 16
3.1.8 Recorder.......................................................................................................... 16
3.2 Electrical System Fault..............................................................................................17
3.3 Parameters Detection Principle............................................................................... 19
I
CONTENTS
Chapter 5 Test.........................................................................................................31
5.1 System Calibration..................................................................................................... 31
5.2 Gain Adjustment......................................................................................................... 34
5.2.1 WBC, RBC Gain Adjustment........................................................................ 34
5.2.2 HGB Voltage Adjustment.............................................................................. 34
5.2.3 PLT Gain Adjustment..................................................................................... 35
5.2.4 Vacuum Adjustment....................................................................................... 35
5.3 System Check............................................................................................................. 35
5.3.1 Motor Check.................................................................................................... 35
5.3.2 Valve Check.................................................................................................... 36
5.3.3 System Status Check.................................................................................... 37
5.4 Internal Calibration..................................................................................................... 38
II
Copyright and Declaration
We owns the copyright of this unpublicized issued manual, and has right to
handle as secret information. This manual just used as reference for operation,
maintenance and service of our product. Other personnel has no right to
publish this manual.
This manual includes special information protected by copyright law. Copyright
reserved, prohibit copy and transmit any content of this manual against not
through written agreement by us.
We don’t make any formally guarantee for this manual, including (but not limit
to) implied guarantee responsibility on marketability and propriety lodged for
certain purpose. We without responsibility for the error included in this manual
and indirectly & abiogenetic damage that is caused by actual representation &
usage provided by this manual.
Content in the manual can be changed without giving notice.
Our obligation:
We only responsible for instrument security, reliability and capability under
following condition:
Performed assemble, extend, re-debugging, improve and repair by our
authorized personnel;
Relevant wiring equipment accord with national standard;
Use the analyzer according to this service manual.
NOTE:
This analyzer cannot be used in family.
WARNING:
If each hospital or institution that is responsible for using this instrument cannot
realize a set of satisfactory service procedure, will cause deviant invalidation of
instrument, even jeopardize to health of human body.
Nowadays, We will provide relevant technical information conditionally when
customer request. In addition, narrate calibration method and other information
through list to help eligible technician to repair our instrument.
I
Copyright
Guarantee
Manufacturer techniques and material
We guarantees automated hematology analyzer no techniques and material
problem within one year from shipping day if under normal use and
maintenance.
Free service
Our obligation under this guarantee not include freight and other fare, not
responsible for direct, indirect and ultimate damage & delay caused by
following condition: improper use, replaced accessories or repaired by
personnel not authorized by us.
This guarantee is not applicable for following items: instrument which is not
through maintenance or already broken; We original nameplate or is replaced
or tore off; our other product.
Security, reliability and run status
If following conditions occur, We are not responsible for the security, reliability
and run status of the analyzer:
Disassembly, stretch and re-debugging;
Serviced or changed not by our authorized personnel .
Version: 2020/02
II
Chapter 1 System Description
Figure 1-1
1
System Description
Figure 1-2
2
System Description
Figure 1-3
Inner and outer electrodes of constant current source are located in front
chamber and back chamber respectively. There is a ruby aperture with a
diameter of 100μm between these two chambers. Back chamber is full of a
certain concentration of cell suspension, and front chamber is filled with
Diluent.
Conductivity of cells is lower than that of Diluent. They are being treated as
relatively poor conductors. When a cell particle goes through the ruby aperture,
it will cause an instantaneous pulse voltage between inner and outer
electrodes. Number of pulses generated is indicative of number of particles
3
System Description
Figure 1-4
According to the volume, WBCs handled by Lyse can be subdivided into three
categories: Lymphocyte (LYM), Monocyte (MID) and Granulocyte (GRAN).
4
System Description
LYM 35—90 fL
MID 90—160 fL (Composed of eosinophils, basophils and monocytes.)
GRAN 160~350 fL
RBC test principle is alike to WBC test principle. In sample cup which is similar
to that of WBC, with the effect of negative pressure, a certain amount of cells
go through ruby aperture (68μm) and produce corresponding pulse in size.
Analyzer can work out total number and average volume of RBC according to
the size and height of pulse. Meanwhile, it can also get a RBC volume
distribution histogram (See Figure 1-5) according to single measured RBC
volume and the percentage of cells which have the same volume.
Figure 1-5
Under normal conditions, we can ignore WBCs due to the proportion between
RBCs and WBCs is 750:1.However, under certain special conditions, such as
leukemia with morbid blood will result in abnormal RBC counting.
HCT can be worked out by dividing the product of MCV and RBC by 10.
According to relative algorithm, analyzer can get MCH, MCHC though RBC,
MCV and HGB. Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) can be figured out by
detecting RBC number and the difference of RBC size so as to reflect the
heterogeneity of RBC volume. RDW can reflect the degree of RBC size
difference and has clinical significance of anemia diagnosis.
5
System Description
Figure 1-6
PDW can be worked out though histogram. MPV is the arithmetic mean
volume of platelets which are shown by the curve in histogram. MPV of normal
people has a nonlinear negative correlation with platelet number. PCT is got
from MPV and PLT.
6
System Description
1.8 Parameters
Automated Hematology Analyzer generates following 21 hematologic
measurements with EDTA-anticoagulated human blood:
7
Chapter 2 Notice
2.1.1 Voltage
To ensure normal working and stability of data test, analyzer should equipped
with 220V power supply. If the voltage is unstable, high-precision automated
AC voltage-stabilized power source is needed. If intermittent power-down often
happens, UPS uninterruptible power supply needs to be installed to ensure the
good performance of power supply and circuit board.
Because the signals gathered by analyzer are very weak, external interference
may result in abnormal data on test results. It is recommended that analyzer
should be connected with grounding wire to make interference signals into the
earth from the grounding wire so as to avoid electromagnetic impact. Analyzer
should be kept from interference equipment, such as monitors, copiers,
centrifuges and x-ray equipment etc..
2.1.3 Temperature
8
Notice
NOTE: When collect peripheral blood, avoid squeezing out the tissue fluid with
excessive force to affect PLT counting. Likewise, overexertion will make
platelets aggregate and cause PLT counting error. Therefore, relatively deep
puncture is needed for peripheral blood collection. Wipe out the first drop of
blood, and then collect blood sample.
9
Chapter 3 Circuit
Valve and
Motor Drive
Board,
JWLM
Board
ARM-FPGA Board
SMPS LED
Board
Analog AVDD
Thermal
Amplifier Board
Printer
Board (DC/DC)
Figure 3-1
10
Circuit
3.1 Introduction
AVDD
Board
Analog
Amplifier Board
11
Circuit
Recorder Board
Provide a stable DC power supply for analyzer, there is a triple power supply:
24V, 12V, 5V. Their functions are as follows:
24V Power Supply: Provides power for motor.
12V Power Supply: Provides power for valve drive, thermal printer and
AVDD Board.
5V Power Supply: Provides power for ARM-FPGA board, print server
board and thermal printer.
12
Circuit
TF Card Slot
USB
Port
Battery
Analog amplifier board is used for weak signal amplification and processing,
then adjusts it to be the right signal to the FPGA board for data conversion.
Meanwhile, it also amplifies the signals of parameters, such as pressure,
temperature and HGB signal etc.
13
Circuit
Pressure
Sensor
WBC Connector
HGB Connector
RBC Connector
Valves and motors drive board is the executive circuit unit for solenoid valves
and step motors.
14
Circuit
AVDD board is the secondary power supply, which provides 12V power to
switched-mode power supply for conversion and lower noise and stable power
supply for analog board. Output voltage is +12V、-12V and 100V. The quality of
AVDD board is very important to cell signals. If it is damaged, analyzer can not
work normally.
15
Circuit
Buzzer
3.1.8 Recorder
Recorder uses thermal paper for printing. Thermal surface of the thermal paper
should face up. If the direction is wrong, recorder cannot work.
16
Circuit
Phenomenon:
Screen goes black or white after startup. Analyzer has no action, but power
indicator works normally.
Troubleshooting: It is probably because the ARM-FPGA board cannot work
normally. Restart the analyzer. If it still cannot work, replace ARM-FPGA board
since it may be damaged.
17
Circuit
Phenomenon:
Results of WBC, RBC and PLT are 0, but HGB value and counting time are
normal.
Troubleshooting: Constant current source is damaged or no output from
AVDD board 100V Power supply. Replace constant current source or AVDD
board.
18
Circuit
Pulse Size
MCV
Second Dilution
>30fl HCT
Sample RBC
Pulse Number
Aspiration
Probe Dilution
MCH
Transforming Agent
Blood Sample Release
HGB HGB MCHC
HiCN
Lyse
WBC/HGB Channel
Pulse Number
WBC Initial Cell
Pulse Young Cell
35~90fl LYM
Number MON
90~160fl MID
Pulse Size EOS
160~350fl GRAN
BASO
Figure 3-10
19
Chapter 4 Flow System
Figure 4-1 shows the whole framework of flow system behind right side door.
JWLM Board
Sample Cup
Vacuum Pump
Figure 4-1(1)
20
Flow System
Figure 4-1(2)
4.1 Dilutor
Dilutor is used for counting, rinse, prime and blood dilution at startup. It also
provides Diluent and power for cleaning flow system. Circuit board provides
DC24V to motor.
Dilutor consists of small syringe, Lyse syringe, Diluent syringe, motor, seal ring
21
Flow System
Sample cup is the sensor part of counting. It is the forefront detecting unit of
22
Flow System
data collection.
Functionally, it consists of inner and outer electrode, front and back chamber,
ruby aperture etc..
Analyzer adopts Coulter Principle (Electrical Impedance Method) for WBC,
RBC and PLT counting. When testing, circuit will provide constant current for
sample cup through dilute conductive liquid. Loop resistance will change if
cells pass through ruby aperture. Cells in different size will produce different
electric pulse amplitudes, so that cells quantity and volume could be
calculated.
As for HGB counting, Automated Hematology Analyzer could analyze cells by
making colorimetric analysis on blood sample with Lyse through lighting and
receiving part of WBC cup.
Add Diluent
Add
Diluent
Add Lyse
23
Flow System
Timing Belt
Probe
Cleaning Cover
Leader
Figure 4-5
24
Flow System
Figure 4-6
25
Flow System
vacuum pump.
There are two connectors on the upper of vacuum chamber: one is connected
to pressure sensor of control board which detects negative pressure of
vacuum chamber (specified value is 78kpa±2). If the negative pressure is not
within this range, control board will provide drive voltage for vacuum pump to
start working until the pressure reaches the specified value; the other one is
connected to related fluid sections for WBC,RBC counting and rinse.
There is an outlet at the end of vacuum chamber. It is for exhausting air and
liquid in vacuum chamber into Waste container.
26
Flow System
27
Flow System
28
Flow System
Phenomenon: All test results are too low in Whole Blood Mode.
Troubleshooting:
1. Sample in small syringe is not enough or the small syringes has air leakage.
Please replace the syringe.
2. Tube connector between sample aspiration probe and small syringe has air
leakage. Please check tubes.
29
Flow System
30
Chapter 5 Test
Operator can test motors, set motor steps and WBC, RBC test time etc. in
System Calibration screen. Only the Items in Table 5-1 are those need to be
calibrated. Please refer to Table 5-1 for details.
31
Test
Table 5-1
32
Test
33
Test
Test with control and check the gain of WBC and RBC. Adjustment is not
necessary if it is within the acceptable range. If not, input current gain value in
Current WBC gain box, then input the gain value of control in Expected WBC
gain box, click "WBC Gain" button to adjust the gain. Operation of RBC gain
adjustment is basically the same. When finished, click “OK” on bottom to save
it. Test with control again to check whether the gain has been corrected.
HGB_BACK is about 4V. Adjust the voltage as following: correct the value in
HGB Gain box, and click “OK” on bottom.Click “HGB Blank voltage”,
Meanwhile the voltage shown in HGB Blank voltage box will change too. The
larger the channel gain is, the lower the voltage will be, and vice versa.
34
Test
Gain of PLT is corrected by inputting value in PLT Gain box. Click “OK” on
bottom for saving. The larger the channel gain is, the lower the PLT gain will be,
and vice versa.
NOTICE: PLT gain has been adjusted strictly before delivery. Generally it
does not need to be corrected.
Input value in Vacuum adjustment box and click “Vacuum adjustment” button.
Vacuum pump will start pumping. When finished, vacuum value will be shown
in Vaccum box.
NOTICE: Vacuum has been tested strictly before delivery. Generally it
does not need to be adjusted.
At Motor Check screen, operator can check if motors are in normal condition.
Click the item wanted to check, then the result will be shown. Click “Return” to
return to Main screen. See Figure 5-3.
35
Test
Press “Setup” — “Service”, input the code “2006” to enter Motor Check screen.
Operator could test MA, MC,MD motors and P1, P2. P1 is for vacuum and P2
is for rolling pump. Click corresponding test item button to check its condition.
This operation is only for test, operator could not correct the motor steps here.
36
Test
37
Test
Click “Setup”—“Service” and input the code “2008” to enter Internal Calibration
screen. Operation of internal calibration is similar to that of external.
Internal calibration is for our internal use. External calibration is appropriate for
users. Both are equally effective.
38
Chapter 6 Software Upgrade and Online
6.1.1 Preparations
1. An U disk
2. Application program
1. Copy the application program into the root directory of U disk. Other
irrelevant files in U disk do not affect upgrade.
2. Plug the U disk into the USB port. See Figure 6-1.
3. Click “Setup”—“Service”, input “9999” in prompt dialog box and then click
“OK”. Analyzer will read the application program automatically for upgrade.
4. Read-write process will last for about 5 seconds. A dialogue box will pop up
to prompt upgrade is successful. Click “OK” and restart the analyzer to
complete upgrade.
5. If analyzer prompts that U disk cannot be recognized, restart and repeat
step 2-4.
6. Unrecognized U disk also can result from damaged USB port or
unsupported U disk. Analyzer may not read some U disks, please replace
U disk.
39
Software Upgrade and Online
6.2 Online
Analyzer is able to transmit data to computer by connected with computer.
Install online program in computer allows operator to process, save and print
data.
1. Connect analyzer with computer through the COM port on rear panel of
analyzer and the computer COM port.
2. Install online program in computer. Generally the software password is null
or just the user name.
3. Set “Auto Trans” on. Hexadecimal and HL7 are available transmission
modes for operator. Ensure that the transmission mode is in accord with
the online software.
4. Computer is able to receive the data from analyzer after each test
automatically. But if “Auto Trans” is off, operator should click “Trans”
manually for data transmission.
40
Chapter 7 Common Faults
Fault Cause
Power switch is ineffective 1. Power line connection fault;
2. Fuse blew out;
3. AC socket fault.
Fluid leakage 1. Pump tube is broken;
2. Filter clog;
3. Pipeline is loose;
4. Damaged solenoid valve leads to
sample cup overflow.
Low vacuum Vacuum doesn’t reach standard value
within set time. It may be caused by:
1. Damaged pressure sensor which
leads to pressure measurement
failure. The reason for this fault is
higher pressure;
2. Air leakage of pipeline.
No Lyse No Lyse or the optocoupler for Lyse
detection is broken.
No Diluent No Diluent or the optocoupler for Diluent
detection is broken.
Motor fault 1. Diluter gets stuck or damaged, and it
leads to over-large motion
resistance;
2. Poor contact of motor signal wire;
3. Poor contact of connecting line
between valve to motor drive board
or FPGA board;
4. Communication between ARM
-FPGA board and Valves & Motors
Drive is abnormal;
5. Positioning switch or optocoupler is
damaged.
Abnormal voltage 1. AVDD board is damaged;
2. ARM-FPGA board cannot collect
misinformation properly;
3. Analog board is damaged.
41
Common Faults
42
Appendix: Flow System
43