websites, email, social media, online
WEB DESIGNING
1.1 Networking
1.2 Internet
1.3 History
1.1 NETWORKING: In web designing,
networking refers to the process of
establishing connections between various
components of a website or web
application. This involves both hardware
and software aspects.
 Hardware Networking: This includes
the physical infrastructure like
servers, routers, switches, and
cables that enable communication
between different devices (such as
client machines and servers) over a
network (like the internet).
 Software Networking: This involves
the protocols, algorithms, and
software applications that facilitate
communication over the network.
For instance, HTTP (Hypertext
Transfer Protocol) is a foundational
protocol for communication on the
web, allowing web browsers to fetch
web pages from servers.
 1.2 INTERNET: The internet is a
global network of computers and
other electronic devices
interconnected through various
means, such as cables, satellites, or
wireless connections. It allows these
devices to communicate and
exchange data with each other
across vast distances. The internet
enables access to a wide range of
information and services, including
videos, and more. It serves as a
foundation for modern
communication, commerce,
entertainment, and education,
connecting billions of people
worldwide.
1.3 HISTORY: The history of the internet
is a complex and fascinating tale that spans
several decades, involving numerous
technological advancements, key figures,
and milestones. Here’s a brief overview:
 Origins (1950s-1960s)
 ARPANET and Early Networks
(1960s-1970s)
 TCP/IP Protocol (1970s)
 Expansion and Commercialization
(1980s-1990s)
 Global Spread and Modernization
(1990s-Present)
 Current: The internet continues to
evolve with developments in
artificial intelligence, IoT (Internet of
Things), 5G technology, and
increasing concerns about privacy
and cybersecurity.
1.4 APPLICATIONS AND USERS:
1. Applications: These are software
programs designed to perform
specific tasks or functions. In the
context of web design, applications
could refer to various tools and
software used to create, manage, and
enhance websites. Examples include
content management systems (CMS)
like WordPress or Joomla, graphic
design tools like Adobe Photoshop
or Sketch, and development
frameworks like React or Angular.
2. Users: In web design, users refer to
the people who visit and interact
with websites. User experience (UX)
 design focuses on creating websites
that are easy to use, intuitive, and
enjoyable for visitors. User interface
(UI) design deals with the visual and
interactive elements that users see
and interact with on a website.
3. Web Designing: This encompasses
the process of creating and designing
websites. It includes various aspects
such as layout design, graphic
design, content production, and
usability. Web designers use tools
and technologies like HTML, CSS,
JavaScript, and responsive design
principles to create websites that are
functional, visually appealing, and
optimized for different devices and
screen sizes.
- Protocols Sure, here are the key
protocols in web designing, summarized in
points:
1. **HTTP/HTTPS (HyperText Transfer
Protocol / Secure)**:
- Protocols for transferring hypertext
requests and information on the internet.
- HTTPS includes encryption for secure
communication.
2. **FTP (File Transfer Protocol)**:
- Used for transferring files between
client and server.
- Useful for uploading website files to a
server.
3. **SMTP/IMAP/POP3 (Email
Protocols)**:
- Protocols for sending (SMTP) and
receiving emails (IMAP and POP3).
4. **DNS (Domain Name System)**:
- Translates human-friendly domain
names to IP addresses.
- Ensures users reach the correct website.
5. **SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets Layer /
Transport Layer Security)**:
- Protocols for encrypting data sent over
the internet.
- Vital for secure transactions and data
protection.
6. **REST (Representational State
Transfer)**:
- Architectural style for designing
networked applications.
- Uses standard HTTP methods and
focuses on stateless communication.
7. **WebSockets**:
- Protocol for two-way communication
between client and server.
- Allows real-time data transfer, useful
for applications like chat apps.
8. **AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and
XML)**:
- Technique for creating asynchronous
web applications.
- Allows web pages to update
asynchronously by exchanging small
amounts of data with the server.
9. **JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)**:
- Lightweight data-interchange format.
- Easy for humans to read and write, and
for machines to parse and generate.
10. **XML (Extensible Markup
Language)**:
- Markup language for encoding
documents in a format readable by both
humans and machines.
- Used in web services and data
interchange.
11. **OAuth**:
- Open standard for access delegation.
- Commonly used as a way to grant
websites or applications limited access to
user information without exposing
passwords.
- Uses XML for message format and
relies on application layer protocols,
typically HTTP or SMTP.
13. **SFTP (Secure File Transfer
Protocol)**:
- Secure version of FTP.
- Uses SSH for encryption.
14. **MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
Extensions)**:
- Standard for formatting non-text email
content.
- Used to send multimedia files via
email.
Understanding and effectively using these
protocols is essential for web designers to
ensure secure, efficient, and responsive
web applications. Host machines & Host
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12. **SOAP (Simple Object Access

Protocol)**:
- Protocol for exchanging structured
information in web services.