‫هّٰلل‬

َّ ‫ٱلر ْح ٰم ِن‬
‫ٱلرحِيم‬ َّ ِ ‫ِب ْس ِم ٱ‬

MEDICAL GLOBE
GUIDELINES

3rd YEAR MBBS

Made By:

Module 1: Areeqa Chaudhary (HITEC IMS)

Module 2: Khadija Rafique (QIMS)
Module 3: Areeqa Chaudhary, Malik Ammar (WAH MED COLLEGE)
Edited & Compiled by: Ghulam Fatima (CIMS BWP)
 FORENSIC MEDICINE
MODULE I, II, III

1. INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC SCIENCE:

SEQ:
● Definition
● Role of forensic medicine in crime detection

Viva:
● Definition

2. THANATOLOGY:

SEQS
● Definition of death
● Classification of death and its differences.
● Diagnosis of death
● Certification of death (Past Paper)
 ● Modes of death
● Causes of death
● Manner/types of death
● Changes after death ( immediate,early,delayed)
● Immediate changes(Read only)
● Changes in eye (Past paper)
● Cessation of reflexes or brain death (Past Paper)
● Early changes (Imp)
● Algor mortis
● Livor mortis
● Hypostasis vs bruise diff
● Rigor mortis
● Cadaveric spasm vs Rigor mortis diff
● Delayed changes(imp)
● Putrefaction
● Mummification
● Adipocere
● Read rest of the changes
● Time since death (Imp Seq)

FOR VIVA AND MCQS

● Kindly give a read to the whole chap if you are doing it from any short
book or slides from your college
● Definitions and differences are imp in seqs and viva as well
● For mcqs also do past paper mcqs for practice

3. AUTOPSY:
SEQS
● Definition
● Types of autopsy (imp)
● Objectives of autopsy
● Autopsy protocol
● Role and procedure in medicolegal autopsy(imp)
● Specimen collection (imp)
● Exhumation:
● Definition
● Procedure(imp)
● Scope (imp)
● Precautions
● Limitations (imp)
● M/L importance

4.TRAUMATOLOGY:

SEQS:

● Definition of;
a. Traumatology
b. Hurt
c. Battery
● Suicide vs Homicide
● Mechanism of Wound production(once asked in past paper)
● Classification of injuries
● Sharp vs blunt injuries(imp )
● Bruise (imp) {Def, Types, Color changes, Medicolegal importance of
bruise}
 ● True vs false bruise
● Bruise vs pm staining
● Antemortem vs Postmortem bruise
● Abrasion(imp)
a. Def
b. Types of abrasions
c. Age of abrasions
d. Medicolegal importance of abrasions
● Laceration (imp)
a. Def
b. Laceration types
c. Medicolegal importance of laceration
d. Laceration vs Incised wound
● Incised wound(imp)
a. Def
b. M/L importance
● Characteristics of Fabricated wound(imp)
● Medicolegal importance of fabricated wound
● Defense wounds characteristics
● Age of wound

5. FIREARM INJURY:

SEQs:
● Types of firearm
● Draw cartridge (imp)
● Characteristics of entry wound and exit wound at different distances
● Distinguishing features of entry and exit in rifled firearm wounds(imp)
● Rat hole phenomenon
 ● Comparison between rifled and smooth bored firearm entry
wound(imp)
● Ricocheting of bullet
● Suicidal vs homicidal firearm wound
● Autopsy findings in firearm death

6. PERSONAL IDENTITY:

SEQS:
● Personal identify definition
● Corpus delicti
● Identification in living and in dead (points )
● Methods/techniques of identification
● Methods of examination
● Parameters
● Age (complete)
● Sex (complete)
● Difference between kidnapping and abduction
● Race (imp)
● Features to differentiate between caucasians and negroes
● Stature (Formula and read remaining)
● Locard’s method (poroscopy) and its medicolegal importance
● Fingerprinting or dactylography( types,advantages,ml importance)
● Identification by skeletal data(imp)
● Identification of mutilated bodies
7. BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS:

SEQS:
● Trace evidence Def
● Locard's Principle
● Types of evidence
● Forensic importance of biological specimen
● Examination of Blood,semen (methods name only)
● Human rbc vs chicken vs hen vs camel rbc davidson vs barr bodies
● Hair vs animal hair vs fiber
● Hair diagram

8. SEXUAL ACTIVITY:
Read complete chapter

SEQS:
● Procedure of examination of female victim of zina or rape and also of
male victim in sodomy case(v.v.imp)
● Perversions
● Def of
a. Buccal coitus
b. Tribadism
c. Sodomy
d. Rape
e. Hudood ordinance
f. Bestiality
● Age and character of hymen
9.BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS: (OSPE, VIVA, MCQS)
Do it from Parikh. Pg: 114
● Remember what chemical is used to preserve which biological
specimen and the quantity of the biological specimen taken
● Table 5.2 and 5.3

HIGH YIELD TOPICS:

● Forensic Importance of Biological specimen SALIVA, HAIR, BLOOD

(Do it from AIJAZ)
● Animal vs Human Hair difference OSPE VIVA

10. REGIONAL INJURIES: (SEQ, MCQS, VIVA)

Do it from Parikh or Teres.

HIGH YIELD TOPICS:

Do other topics but among very important topics are;

● Coup and contrecoup injury

● Cerebral Concussion (Retrograde Amnesia and Post Traumatic
Automatism pg 305 Parikh)
● Concussion of Spinal Cord
● Whiplash Injury *
● Railway Spine Injury
● Pithing
● Punch Drunk Syndrome
 ● Forensic Importance of Hyoid bone (Fracture in manual strangulation
and Ligature strangulation)
● Difference between suicidal and homicidal cut throat Table 20.4**
(PROF)
● Antemortem and Post mortem Fracture
● Fractures of the skull (Brief Description)
● Extradural, Subdural, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage site of trauma and
the artery involved – MCQ and VIVA

11. FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY: (SEQ, MCQS, VIVA)

Preferred Parikh as MCQs are lines from Parikh but Shahbaz can also be
used for better understanding.

● Definition of forensic psychiatry **(VIVA)

● Definition of the following terms
1. Confabulation
2. Delirium
3. Delusion
4. Hallucination
5. Fugue
6. Illusion
7. Lucid Interval***
8. Neurosis
9. Psychopath
10. Stupor
11. Twilight states
12. Schizophrenia
13. Manic Depressive Psychosis

HIGH YIELD TOPICS:

● Types of Delusion
 ● Difference between hallucinations, delusion, and delirium
● Difference between true and feigned insanity *****
● Duties of Registered Medical Practitioner in the matter of certification
under Mental Health Act
● Various aspects of different civil responsibilities of mentally ill person
*** DO IT FROM SHAHBAZ
● Criminal Responsibility of the mentally ill ** Do it from SHAHBAZ and
memorize the penal codes.
● MCQS: Hypnotism, Impulse (PROF 2023) scenario, Kleptomania,
Pyromania, Sleepwalking, Somnolentia (HAVE A CONCEPT OF
THESE TERMS AS THEY CAN COME IN MCQS)
● McNaughten Rules *****

12.GENERAL TOXICOLOGY:
(VERY VERY IMPORTANT PET SEQ FROM THIS CHAPTER)

● Definition of toxicology and poison

HIGH YIELD TOPICS:

● Classify poisons according to modes of action and according to

medicolegal importance (suicidal, homicidal and accidental) DO IT
FROM SHAHBAZ
● Routes of administration of poisons and action of poison.***
● Factors modifying the action of poisons (SEQ, VIVA)
● Medical, Civil, and Legal Duties of a Medical Practitioner in the case
of poisoning ( SHAHBAZ) Do all three (PROF 2023)
● Treatment of acute poisoning
 ● Procedure of Gastric Lavage (Procedure, Parts of gastric lavage,
Name of Tube used in children, Contraindications** and Indications,
Solutions used during the procedure) SHAHBAZ
● Antidotes and types of antidotes (SEQ and MCQs*, OSPE)
● Elimination of Absorbed Poison

13. SPECIFIC POISONS: (SCENARIO SEQ VIVA MCQS

OSPE)

● Do mode of action, fatal dose, fatal period, signs and symptoms,

treatment, postmortem appearance, and medicolegal importance of
all important poisons.
● Do the characteristics of poisons to identify them in scenarios.
● Table given at the end of Parikh (pg 703)
● Make a list of poison miosis and mydriasis (OSPE)
● Poisons used as arrow poisons (OSPE)

1. OPIOIDS: (Very Imp, Do whole topic)

● Morphine/Opium
1. Stages**
2. Postmortem Lividity is black**

2. ALCOHOL : (Again Very Imp)

● Ethyl alcohol ***

● Acute poisoning (Stages and percentage of ethyl alcohol required to
reach that stage) Fatal dose and fatal period*** Post-mortem
Appearance and Medicolegal Imp
● Chronic Poisoning: Delirium Tremens, Korsakoffs Syndrome, and
Acute Hallucinosis, Clinical presentation of drunkenness
● Methyl Alcohol – Mode of action
3. STIMULANTS

● Cocaine poisoning

1. Black teeth and tongue

2. NYMPHOMANIA**
3. Post Mortem Appearance
4. Medicolegal Importance

4. SEDATIVES AND HYPNOTICS

● Barbiturates**

5. ASPHYXIANTS

● Carbon Monoxide Poisoning – STAGES, TREATMENT, and POST

MORTEM APPEARANCE (BRIGHT CHERRY RED PM LIVIDITY)
TESTS FOR CO POISONING
● Hydrogen Sulphide – MCQ In sewage workers and bluish green PM
Lividity

6. MINERAL ACIDS AND ALKALIS:

● Gastric lavage and Emetics are contraindicated in them***

● Mode of Action and Treatment and Medicolegal Imp
● Vitriolage PPC section and Sulphuric Acid (Oil of vitriol)

7. ORGANIC ACIDS:

● Oxalic Acid * Treatment

● Carbolic Acid – MCQS

8. VEGETABLE ACID POISONS

 ● Cyanide *

9. ANIMAL POISONS: (MCQS, OSPE, SEQ)

● Snake poisons***
● Poisonous vs. non poisonous snakes
● Poisonous snakes’ classification and mode of action (MCQ)
● Elapid vs Viper
● Characteristics of snake venom****
● Management of Snake venom ***

14. ASPHYXIA:
Do it from Parikh

● Definition of Asphyxia
● Signs of Asphyxia on the basis of their pathogenesis
● Types of Asphyxia
● Petechial Hemorrhages
● Post-mortem appearance of asphyxia death **** (Write common
findings of asphyxia and then specific findings in the scenario)
● Internal Appearance, External Appearance, Medicolegal Importance
of the following topics
1. Hanging ***
2. Strangulation ***
3. Choking *
4. Ligature strangulation
5. Throttling (PROF 2023)
6. Garrotting
7. Bansdola
8. Suffocation and Smothering
 9. Traumatic Asphyxia ****

● Drowning ****
● Classification
● Types (WET VS DRY DROWNING) Mechanism, Symptoms, Cause
Of death and fatal period of each type.
● POSTMORTEM SIGNS OF DROWNING *** 2023 PROFF Internal
Appearance and External (5 Definite SIGNS PARIKH PG 207 •
Goose skin OSPE **

15. DEATH FROM STARVATION, COLD AND

HEAT
Do it from Parikh

● Starvation MCQS and Medicolegal Importance

● Give it a good read, imp.

16. THERMAL INJURIES:

Do it from Shahbaz

● Classification of burns
● Rule of 9s
● Post mortem Appearance in a case of death due to burns
(PUGILISTIC ATTITUDE/BOXING ATTITUDE, EXTERNAL AND
INTERNAL APPEARANCE
● Role of Medical Officer in handling a case of death due to burns.
● Antemortem Vs Postmortem Burns **** (Very Imp)
● Scalds
 ● Difference between dry heat, moist heat and chemical burns PARIKH
TABLE 22.2 PG 359
● Types of Electric Burns ***
● Electric Burns (Post mortem Appearance and Medicolegal
Importance)
● Arcing phenomena *
● Joule Burn *** (SEQ, VIVA)
● High voltage current injuries (MCQS)
● Lightening
● Explosion

17. LEGAL PROCEDURES

SEQS

● Law and it's types

● Court and it's types
● Evidence and it's types
● Recording of evidence in court and stages of recording evidence in
court
● McNaughton’s rule (v. v. imp)
● Irresistible impulse
● Plea of insanity (v. v. imp)
● Mens-rea and Actus-rea
● Diff btw dying declaration and deposition
● Witness and it's types
● Legal Procedure
● Def of summon, conduct money, oath, examination in chief, cross
examination, re examination.
● Inquest
● Do rest of chap
18. LAWS IN RELATION TO MEDICAL MEN
SEQS

● Drug Act 1976

● Conditions necessary for valid contract
● Testamentary capacity
● Consent and it's types
● Age of consent
● Consent form
● Medical negligence and it's types***
● Qisas & Diyat Ordinance 1991
● Def of Arsh, Damman, Diyat
● Hurt and it's classification
● Qatl and it's classification
● Euthanasia
● Muslim law ordinance 1961
● Professional secrecy
● Privileged communication

Please Recite Darood Shareef.