ACCESSIBILITY AND THE USE OF INTERNET FACILITIES IN

UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES

(A CASE STUDY OF UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN)

BY

ADEEYO TAIWO SHEKINAT

LI/HND/F18/1148

BEING A RESEARCH WORK SUBMITTED TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE

FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC OFFA,

KWARA STATE

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF HIGHER

NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE.

SCHOOL OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

FEBRUARY, 2021

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 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this research titled “ACCESSIBILITY AND THE USE OF INTERNET

FACILITIES IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES” was carried out by LI/HND/F18/1148.

Department of Library and Information Science. The research has been read and certified as

meeting part of the requirements for the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) Certificate in

Library and information Science

……………………………. …………………………….
MR. OLANIPEKUN S. DATE
SUPERVISOR

……………………………. …………………………….
DR A.O ADEBAYO . DATE
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

……………………………. …………………………….
ADEEYO TAIWO SHEKINAT DATE
STUDENT

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 DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to Almighty God, who knows the beginning and the end. I also dedicate

this project to my lovely parents and lecturer for their immensurable support contributed in

sparing my lives

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The reality of this write up is a testimony of the faithfulness and greatness of Almighty God who

makes everything easy for us.

Therefore, I give thanks for his protection, kindness, guidance and sparing my life

throughout my academic life.

My sincere gratitude to my able and energetic project supervisor in person of MR.

OLANIPEKUN S. for his understanding, favorable disposition piece of advice, a transparently

honest and dedicated monitor who believe in principles and discipline, keep it up sir, God is on

your side, more power to your might.

My immeasurable appreciation also goes to our head of department in person of DR.A.O

ADEBAYO. I also indebted to my parent MR and MRS. ADEEYO for their endless love, care,

prayer, moral and financial support towards the completion of this study.

My profound gratitude also goes to my husband AROWODUYE ABUBAKAR A. my

twins sister ADEEYO KEHINDE, and ADEEYO SAMSUDEEN my brother, ADEEYO

SARAFADEEN my senior brother and my intimate friend ADEOYE SEGUN.

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 ABSTRACT

This research work investigated “the availability of Library Internet Services in University

Libraries. In order to conduct the study, a survey research design was adopted: using

questionnaire as the major instrument for collection exercise and was completed by personal

observation. Table and percentage were used for data presentation thereby enabling for easy

discussion and interpretation of data. At the end of the data gathering exercise, the study revealed

that library internet crime is exists in academic libraries which usually done out of user

frustration such as nonchalant attitude of staff towards the users, inadequate of relevant

information material for them to consult. Some of the library internet property destroyed include:

mouse, keyboard, monitors, CPU, internet cable etc.

Finally, appropriate recommendations are put forwards for solving the problem revealed in the

study such as adequate of security, punishment of offenders, and library orientation to the users.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

CERTIFICATION ii

DEDICATION iii

AKNOWLEDGEMENT iv

ABSTRACT v

CONTENTS vi

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Background of the Study 1

1.2 History of University of Ilorin and its Library 6

1.3 Statement of the Problem 6

1.4 Objectives of the Study 7

1.5 Research Question 7

1.6 Significance of the Study 7

1.7 Operational Definition of Terms 8

Reference

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Introduction 11

2.1 Conceptual Framework 11

2.2 Type of Library Internet Crime 14

2.3 Accessibility on Internet 16

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2.4 Internet User’s 16

2.5 Causes of Library Internet Crime 17

2.6 Relevance of Library Internet Services 18

2.7 How to Curb Library Internet Crimes 18

2.8 Summary of Literature Review 21

Reference

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Introduction 25

3.1 Research Method 25

3.2 Population of the Study 26

3.3 Sample and Sampling Techniques 26

3.4 Instrument of Data Collection 27

3.5 Validation and Reliability of Research Instrument 27

3.6 Data Collection Procedure 27

3.7 Method of Data Analysis 28

Reference

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CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Introduction 35

4.2 Demography Information of Respondent 35

4.3 Analysis of Findings 38

4.4 Answering of Research Question

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Introduction 45

5.2 Summary of Findings 45

5.3 Conclusion 46

5.4 Recommendation 46

Reference 47

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 HISTORIVAL BCKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF THE TERM

REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION

The advent of information Communication Technology (ICT) and network information has

improved the overall access to Information worldwide. The internet began in1969 as ARDANET

(Advanced Research Project Agency Network) by the US Department of Deference to share

military intelligence and research with University source. The internet has since the 1990s

become a widely-used civilian tool for communication, research, entertainment, education and

advertisement and has made change in the educational achievement in universities in developing

and developed nations. (Okonofua 2008).

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 Oketunji 2001 states that internet gives us access to vast wealth of knowledge and access

to tools that facilitates research. It allows the libraries to provide information beyond the

confines of its own collection. Libraries provide internet access to support the teaching, learning,

and research activities of the parent institutions and their host community.

Bamidele and Oduola (2002) quoting Oketunji (2004) submitted that the internet and

other ICT provide a golden opportunity for the provision of value-added service by libraries. The

indexing, abstracting and publication of local research and their digitalization are means of

facilitating learning. Odenewu and Olasore (2009) citing Adebisi (2004) that internet facilities

and ser4vices are useful for the following:

I. As an expert system

II. As reference resources

III. Allow communication with any professional colleague around the world

IV. It permits access to libraries and library catalogue around the world

V. It provides an array of resources in both print and non print format as well as variety of

services to its users etc.

However, nowadays, the emphases are shifted to the network information services provided

through modern technologies; like CD-ROM Networks, internet and consortia. Abu-Bakr (2011)

note that academic libraries are at the forefront of providing information services to their

respective communities that comprises student, lecturer and the researchers in order to support

their teaching, learning and research news. Academic libraries are established to cater for their

individual parent bodies. It is the type of libraries that exist in higher institution of learning such

as Polytechnics, Monotechnics, Universities, Colleges of Education etc and serve as the student

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body and the faculty members. Academic libraries usually have rich collections of various

information materials (Journals, magazines, books, references works, newspaper, government

publication, reports, thesis, databases, network, CD-ROMS, photo, manuscripts etc) covering

array of subject to serve its academics community, which includes lecturers, students, non-

teaching staff and researchers (Isebe,2015)

According to Shuling (2007), electronic information resources in every University library,

the emergence of electronic resources has tremendously transformed information handling and

management in academic environment and in University libraries in particular. Ellis and Oldman

(2005) note that, through the use of electronic resources, researchers and student; now have

access to global information resources, particularly the internet of their scholarly intercourse.

The death of current and up-to-date information for research in University libraries is

attributed to poor level of developing electronic information resources (EIRS), including CD-

ROM, the internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) for provision of information services

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE UNVERSITY OF ILORIN

The University of Ilorin is located in the city of Ilorin in the Kwara State, north capital Nigeria. It

was one of the several institutions of higher learning established by a decree of the Federal

Military of government of Nigeria. In 1975, the university of Ibadan, Dr. I.N Taruma, Professor

and head of history department at the University of Ibadan was appointed the first principal of

the University in September, 1975, Professor Taruma was later appointed the Vice Chancellor of

the University of Ibadan and Professor O.O Akinkughe, former Dean of the faculty of Medicine

University of Ibadan became the new Principal of the University of Ilorin in December, 1975.

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 Following an entrance examination, 700 foundations student were admitted into

residence on Saturday October 23rd, 1976 and academic activities commenced on Monday

October 25th, 1976.

In October 1977, the institution attained full autonomics status and has since then

developed by leaps and bounds. The student population of 200 in 1976 increased to 20,084 by

the 2005/2006 session which total staff strength of the University stood at approximate 3,040 as

at March, 2007 up till 1982, the university carried out its academic program involving the

facilities of art Science Education, Engineering and also Technology, Business and Social

Science. On the Mini Campus. The completion of the faculty blocks of the student hostel by

December 1981, made it possible on the 2nd of January, 1982 for the actual movement of over

1000 science oriented students to the main campus to pursue their various academics program.

The main campus currently houses the faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology,

Agriculture, Education, Law, Arts, Business and Social Science (following the completion of the

Senate complex).

The University of Ilorin Sugar Research Institution, Post Graduate School, the main

University library, Computer Services and Information Technology (COMSIT), Nork Yard

Conference Centre, University of Ilorin Resources Development and Management Board

(URDMB) student and canteen the newly completed 2000 multi-purpose and auditorium and the

alumni endowment office. The mini campus presently houses the College of Health Science, a

mini-library, canteens and shopping complex, the institute of education, some of the revenue

yielding project which are under the URDMB, the University of Ilorin Computer Training wing

University of Ilorin bookshop, the bakery, the printing press and the quest houses.

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 The library is the unit rendering academic information to the university and the public.

The University of Ilorin library consist of the main library at the main campus in the College of

the University, the library was consequently opened in May, 1976.

The first University Librarian was Mr. B.A Oni-orisan. He assumed duty in August 1976

between 1976 and 2003. The library has been headed by the following officers on acting capacity

or as substantive University Librarian.

The following list indicate the previous and present University Librarian

1. .Mr.B.A Oni-Orisan 1976-1990

2. Mr. Dokun Fadiran 1970-1990

3. Mr. R.A Ukoli 1994(Acting University Librarian)

4. Mrs. O. Fawowe 1994-August 2001

5. Mr. Afolayan August 2000-February 2002(Acting University Librarian)

6. Professor M.I Ajiboro 2000 to 2002(Acting University Librarian)

7. Mrs. A.A Adewoye 2006-2010(Acting University Librarian)

8. Mrs. Joyce Fadayomi 2010-2012(Acting University Librarian)

9. Dr. T.O Omoniyi 2012-2017

10. Dr. Abdulwahab Olarewaju Issa 2017 till date(University Librarian)

The library is organized into five (5) main divisions namely;

1. Administrative Division

2. Readers Service Division

3. Teachers Service Division

4. Automation and Digital Division

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 5. Branch Libraries Division

Each of these divisions has unit section with various functions all targeted achieving the goal of

the institution which is to achieve academic excellence and serve humanity as stated in their

vision and mission statements

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Most of the academic library has the problem of accessibility and the use of internet facility of

certain undesired outcomes such as fraud, theft of intellectual property, pornography; infecting

systems with viruses are also associated with the internet. Such undesired outcomes have

negative effects on students especially on heavy users, which can affects the academic

performance (Hanson, 2014) in some Universities in Nigeria, there are no regulations guiding the

usage of electronic information resources in the library. As a result, some students explore the

internet in a negative way rather than availing themselves with the vast educational resources

online. This situation spurs the need for this study with a view to determine the accessibility and

the use of internet facilities in Ilorin libraries.

Therefore, this research work focus on the causes, types and measure to put in place to

curb the problem of internet uses facult5y in academic library.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study are:

I. Uses of internet facilities in the library

II. Impact of internet services in the academic library

III. The users satisfaction with the internet service in academic library

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IV. Internet crime committed in academic library

V. Causes of internet damage in academic library

VI. How to curb internet damage and misuse of internet in academic library

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION

I. How relevant are the use of internet facility to its user?

II. Are the internet facilities sufficient and active to user usage?

III. What are the types of internet crime committed in academic library?

IV. What are the measures to put in place to curb the crime?

V. Are users satisfied with the internet service?

VI. Do the libraries under study have internet services?

VII. Are the library internet services utilized by users for their information needs?

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Significance of the study cannot be over-emphasized. It would be the great benefit to the

student of Library and Information Science(LIS), academic library user, library staff and other

researchers of different faculty in the sense that: it would minimize the causes of infecting

system with viruses, fraud, theft of intellectual property and so on. It will also benefit them

through the orientation of does and don’t of library which cover by the study.

At the end of this project the level of library uses internet facility in negative way should

be minimize

1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

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 The scope of the study is limited to the accessibility and the use of internet facilities in

academic libraries using University of Ilorin as a case study. It tends to cover the types, causes

and how the negative usage of internet facilities can be brought to the barest minimum

I.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF THE TERMS

The following term have operationally used in this research work.

I. LIBRARY:- a library is a collection of sources of information and similar resources made

accessible to a defined community for reference OR BORROWING:- It provides

physical or digital access to material and may be physical building or room, or a vital

space or both

II. INTERNET: - Internet is a global computer network providing a variety of information

and communication facilities consisting of interconnected networks using standardize

communication protocols.

III. THEFT: - theft is often defined as the unauthorized taking of property from another with

the outlet to permanently deprive them.

IV. FACILITY:- facility can be define as a place, amenity or piece of equipment provided for

a particular purpose

V. ACADEMIC LIBRARY: - academic library is a library that established inside a higher

institution of level to serve the diverse information and research means of such an

institution.

VI. ACCESSIBILITY: - accessibility is the practice of making your websites usable by as

many as possible.

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VII. FRAUD: - is intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain or to deprive a

victim of a legal right.

VIII. ELECTRONIC:- electronics is a device or operating with component such as microchips

and transistors that control and direct electronic current

IX. INFORMATION:- it is the act that provide knowledge relating to a specific event or

situation

REFERENCE

Bamidele and Oduola (2002) pratioal guiding the use of ICT

Okonofua 2008 the guide of ICT

Olasore (2009) the impact of internet facilities for student in university Benin.Magele (2005)

Management of electronic information resources in the libraries of radio station in South-

West zone, Nigeria. An unpublished masters degree proposal Bayero University Kano

Wilkie (2011) fundamentals of collection development and management Chicago: American

Library Association.

Madukoma (2013) Academic Libraries in the 21 st century. Library philosophy and practice.

Available at digital common.

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18
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 INTRODUCTION

2.1 USES OF INTERNET FACILITIES IN THE LIBRARY

2.2 IMPACT OF INTERNET SERVICES IN THE ACADEMIC LIBRARY

2.3 ACCESSIBILITY ON INTERNET

2.4 INTERNET USER’S

2.5 THE USERS SATISFACTION WITH THE INTERNET SERVICE IN AN

ACADEMIC LIBRARY

2.6 INTERNET CRIME COMMITTED IN ACADEMIC LIBRARY

2.7 CAUSES OF INTERNET DAMAGE IN ACADEMIC LIBRARY

2.8 HOW TO CURB INTERNET DAMAGE AND MISUSE OF INTERNET IN

ACADEMIC LIBRARY

2.0 INTRODUCTION

The world Encyclopedia (2008) defined internet as a vast network of computer that are

connects many of the worlds business, institution and individuals.

The internet is the short form for interconnected networks of network. The internet

enables users throughout the world to send and receive messages, share information in a

variety of forms and even play computer games with people living in other countries.

Today, ten of million people and business use the internet and the web daily. The major

uses includes communication, research, publishing, business transaction, push technology

which employs the web for the broadcast of video and audio programming.

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 According to Simpson and Weiner (1989) the term availability refers to the qualities of

being available, capability of being employed or made use of it must be emphasized, that is

ICT will form the basis of all development cycle on the 21st century.

Ajileye and Joseph (2002) argued that “for any library staff that wants to contribute its

quote to such development it has to embrace ICT and its application for service delivery.

Uma. (2003) observed that “utilization of internet facilities in library depends on so many

variables.

These include: quality, accuracy, timeless and relevance of the information resources of

internet facilities. Posting millions of people access to the information. Onu oba (2006)

revealed that many activities done manually to provide information to the people maybe little

delay.

However, Phiri (1993) opines that the application mostly done in a week used online are

(94%) such bibliography database, online publish access catalogue and so on.

He further stressed that these researchers use whatever journals and service they can get

online and in order of frequency.

1.1 USES OF INTERNET FACILITIES IN THE LIBRARY

Librarians use many internet communications and service utilities. Some popular application

includes:

I. Electronic mail (E-mail): librarian use E-mail to communicate with colleagues and

customers. They participate in electronic discussion groups, share experience and ideas

with other librarians, and create and monitor discussion groups of interest to their

customers.

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 II. Telnet: librarians use telnet to connect to remote computer resources. They explore other

library catalogues, access commercial and noncommercial database services, and share

the resources of campus-wide information system and community Free-Nets.

III. File Transfer Protocol (FTP): FTP enables librarians to obtain software programs, text,

images and sound files from the net and then offer them to their customers. Librarians

and information professionals contribute to the internet communication by making library

catalogs and local databases available on the network; creating Gopher sites that offer

logical, well organized, menu-driven access to services and resources on the internet; and

establishing World Wide Web servers that provide graphical user interfaces for browsing

the resources of the internet.

IV. Leadership opportunity: libraries frequently takes the lead by introducing the internet to

user communities in industry, academic and K-12 schools and often provide training and

access for customers as budgets allow. Public library are beginning to offer similar

services to the public at large

V. Cost Saving and Time Saving: libraries now keep up with advances, challenges and

issues without having to attend expensive conferences or subscribing to multiple library

journals.

VI. Question Answering Services: ASKERIC is a network-based education information

services offering library media specialist (as well as K-12 teachers, administrators,

parents, and student) access to a question answering services. Another services, stumpers-

L, provides a networking resources for = reference questions.

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VII. Document Delivery Services: there has been a rapid growth in fee-based document

delivery services that use the network to order and / or transfer documents to libraries and

often to endorsers, bypassing libraries completely.

VIII. Government Information: Government information can be distributed over the network to

libraries allowing unpatrolled opportunities and constitutes about government issues

IX. Information Sharing: technical standards, such as Z39.50, coordinate the transfer of

information between different system and format over the network. These standards are

essentials to libraries as automated library system share information and streamline

processing using the internet.

X. International Interlibrary Loans: libraries now have customers from all over the world.

Internet accessible library catalogs assist research endeavors, provide interlibrary loan

verification/ and offer a myriad of reference materials that enhance local library

collections.

2.2 IMPACT OF INTERNET SERVICES IN THE ACADEMIC LIBRARY

Internet availability in a university library plays an important role in enhancing teaching,

learning, and research. It’s also assists the library to achieve its objectives. Information is a vital

element for any type of development. But, nowadays, information is increasingly growing up by

leaps and bounds. In the perspective of knowledge proliferation, person who needs to collect

information is not possible easily for him. For removing this problem, internet contributes a lots

way in library and information center, the impacts of internet on library and information services

are as follows:

1. Technical processing: internet provides access to publisher’s catalogues and OPACs of

large libraries. OPACs have become a popular source of bibliography and cataloguing

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 information through internet. Libraries can scan these catalogues and download

bibliography data. The catalogues for new books can be prepared on the day of

acquisition itself. Internet also offers access to Dewey summaries for classification.

2. Collection Development: libraries can have easy and quick access to the suppliers of

books, journals and electronic publications through internet. Large number of selection

tool like book in print, Booksellers Catalogues etc. are now available on the internet.

These sources help in the selection of right and latest book for libraries. Internet has made

the whole acquisition process much faster, cheaper and easier for libraries. Amazon.

Com, Barnes and Noble, IBS Bookshop Co., UK, D.K. Agencies are the most popular

and largest online bookshops.

3. Inter-library Loan: internet is a helpful media in interlibrary transactions. Internet

contains bibliographic database and online catalogues number of a libraries. These

sources enable libraries to find out the availability of a document in other libraries. E-

mail has become fast and cheap communication tool for libraries to send or receive ILL

requests. Libraries can make use of e-mail to provide effective inter-library loan and

document delivery services to users.

4. Reference Service: now a large number of reference sources like, encyclopedia,

dictionary, manuals, handbooks, directories, yearbooks, atlases, maps etc. are available

on the internet. These sources enable libraries provide prompt and efficient reference

service to the users. Online sources ensure current facts and faster delivery for

information products and services to users.

5. Information Services libraries can provide specialized information services, such as CAS,

SDI to specific user groups. For this purpose, library will maintain a user profile.

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 6. User education: because of huge internet resources, librarians have to provide intensive

training in searching methods. Now libraries can setup websites and provide a wide range

of information pertaining to library sections, functions, collections as well as non-local

users. Online user education program can be provided to users through libraries

homepage.

After discussing the above, were may say that internet is a part and parcels for

providing library services. Even. We can’t think library service without internet facilities.

So, internet is very helpful tool for giving library information services.

2.3 ACCESSIBILITY ON INTERNET

Accessibility means providing flexibility to accommodate each user’s need and preferences. In

an internet context, accessibility is making computer technology and internet resources useful to

more people than could otherwise be the case.

Internet accessibility is normally aimed at allowing for the participation of people with

disabilities. Internet accessibility also considerate for people whose communication

infrastructure or capabilities are not advanced or not in place. (Leo vables 2004). Internet

accessibility allows for a larger participation audience, web accessibility involved the ability of a

web page to be read and understood, using adaptive technology where necessary. (Cynthia D.

1989)

2.4 INTERNET USER’S

Roughly 4.66 billion people around the world use the internet at the start of 2021 which close to

60percent of the world’s total population. Internet users are currently growing at an annualized

rate of more than 7 percent equating new users each day. However, most internet user’s with

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92.6 percent use mobile devices to go online at least some of the time, but computer also account

for an important share of internet activities. (Global Digital Review 2020).

2.5 THE USERS SATISFACTION WITH THE INTERNET SERVICES IN ACADEMIC

LIBRARY

The user is the key person in services provided by company, institution or organization.

Therefore, it significant to focus on the users of the library and doing utmost to make them

satisfied. Understanding the user’s needs is half the battle on in providing information services in

an academic library. The success of any information systems depends considerably on how best

the system design is based on a close and accurate understanding of the users. To put it into

context, the user is not only the most important aspect, but is also a dynamic component of a

library. Therefore, understanding the user is significant and a continuous effort is required in this

aspect, user satisfaction studies and researchers are primarily based on the users. The

performance of any library can be judged on the basis of the extent of satisfaction studies and

researchers are primarily based on the users. The performance of any library can be judged on

the basis of the extent of satisfaction of the users, hence, there is need to conduct the user survey

and researches more often to evaluate the existing print and non-print resources, services and

facilities. These studies are also essentials to know the differences in satisfaction among the

different categories of users.

The findings showed that users were not satisfied with the library’s physical facilities.

Challenges such as limited library opening hours, unstable internet access, insufficient physical

facilities, inadequate library collections, and inadequate computer facilities were found to limit

library users’ satisfaction.

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2.6 INTERNET CRIME COMMITTED IN ACADEMIC LIBRARY

The use of internet has facilitated business communication tremendously. However, Magele

(2005) observed that the internet usage has become a double-edged sword providing

opportunities for individuals and organizations and also bringing with it an increased information

security risk. The desktop computers as well as mobile devices such as laptops, Smartphone and

tablets that are connected wirelessly, have easy access to corporate networks and information.

All these connectivity have made business and learning incredibly complicated.

There is no doubt that internet has charged the way business is conducted. The rapid

changes in computer connectivity and innovation in digital technology provide numerous

benefits to human life but it is not out of side effect such as internet crime, internet crime is a

new wave of crime using internet facilities, which needs to be addressed urgently and earnestly

by policy planners to protect the young generation as there is a high risk of becoming a victim of

this crime (Mensch&Wilkie,2011).

However, this change has come with associated risks, commonly referred to as internet

crime, internet crime is a term for any illegal activity that uses a computer as its primary means

of commission (Halder&Aishankar, 2011). Also, the use of a computer as an instrument to

further illegal ends, such as committing fraud, trafficking, stealing identities or violating privacy.

Internet crime is a subset of computer crime. Internet criminals are not about hackers. They use

the net a a tool of the crime for white collar crime, computer con artists, hackers, crackers and

network attackers. In their study, longe, Ngwa, Wada, Mbarika and Kvasing.

2.7 CAUSES OF INTERNET DAMAGE IN ACADEMIC LIBRARY

I. lack of orientation

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 II. lack of structure

III. inadequate of qualified library staff

IV. quality of internet resources

V. insufficient of computer system in the library

VI. internet abuse

I. Lack of orientation: - library orientation is one of the core activity or program of the

academic libraries that entails educating, enlightening, building and helping the user to

identify, understand and utilize the library information resources and services effectively.

Madukoma (2013) commended that library orientation was introduced in academic

institution to ensure that student have the intellectual ability and skill to access and

retrieve information as well as construct a framework for learning and research purpose.

The impact of library orientation goes beyond the number of years that student spent in

academic institutions.

II. Lack of structure: - when there is a weak structure in a library, conflict can occur for

several reasons. Lack of well-organized structure affect the internet facilities for example,

an unorganized structure whereby space created for computers of desktops are not

conducive in the sense that fresh airs are unable to enter the room created for computers

can leads to the damage or a situation whereby, pest and rodents is not controlled can

damage the electronic devices used in the library

III. Inadequate of qualified library staff: - professional librarian or staffs are not sufficient in

academic library. Unprofessional staffs also result in inadequate marketing of library

services and raising awareness on its role. While qualified librarians can contribute

greatly to information literacy work in schools (Agyekum& Filson, 2012).

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IV. Quality of internet resources:- this implies the qualities of the internet materials used in

an academic library such as the computer, desktops, laptops, gadget etc it also include the

desk and chair used in an academic library . Any materials to be used in an academic

library should be of high quality and must be reliable.

V. Insufficient of computer system in the library: - lack of fund which means an

insufficiency, shortage or absence of money or something or desired. Non-sufficient

funds can leads to an internet insufficient. Government has a role to play in the assistance

of supplying or donating computers, laptops, gadgets and desktops to an academic library

to enhance the learning skills of internet to the student or users.

VI. Internet abuse can be defined as “any intentional act associated in any way with computer

where a victim suffers or could have suffered a loss, and a perpetration made or could

have made a victim suffers or could have made a gain(Parker 1998:333, as quoted by lee

2002”61). It includes all crimes against hardware, software, data and computer services

(Struab 1990:46). As networked systems have grown and matured, so too has the nature

of abuse within the networked environment in the earlier days of computing, abuse was

largely restricted to fraud and theft related activities, which simply represented the

extension of traditional crime into the electronic environment. However, as time

progressed, new and more advanced forms of abuse have emerged (e.g computer viruses,

invasion of privacy and hacking (Furnell 1997:62).

2.8 HOW TO CURB INTERNET DAMAGE AND MISUSE OF INTERNET IN ACADEMIC

LIBRAY

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 I. Building centers to promote internet service recently, Nigerian Tertiary Institution have

begun to provide centers where internet-libraries are to be located. For University of

Benin had already established an E-library centre known as AfriHub. This is to improve

students’ ability to access the library to carryout research, school projects or assignments.

Also on 23rd of February, 2017, the National Library has had donated books and set of

computers to University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. This was to encourage more

students having access to more resources and materials establishing centers, by

promoting use of electronic library for easier school work activities. There is need for

proper establishment of centers to promote the use of E-library. this will enable for better

access to information

II. Affordable Internet Services for Easier Access of E-library Nigeria has internet services

ranging from wireless, broadband mobile internet services. Unfortunately, the services

are generally not very cheap. Monthly subscription for even the mobile internet service is

as high the price of #1500. Wireless or broadband services are as high from the price of

#10,000 and above. Telecommunication companies in Nigeria, who after internet services

place heavy tariffs on their customers to enable them, pay their taxes, for government.

There is need to make internet services providers, make their network affordable and

more convenient for users. Once there is affordable access of internet users can reach

sources of E-library operating locally or even globally.

III. Better Funding to Enable for More Libraries: Nigeria needs more access to electronic

libraries, which should have more locations. For example the National Library of Nigeria,

has been unable to spread its locations to all the States in Nigeria. This is due to lack of

funding contraction and equipping a library is very expensive. There is need for not only

29
 Nigeria Federal Government funding, but Private Enterprises partnership. Ford

foundation had over the years, helped in providing funds to construct and equip the

National Library of Nigeria since it opened in 1964. Other organizations that help equip

libraries in Nigeria, are UNESCO (United Nation Education Scientific, and Cultural

Organization), and Rotary International. They provide Audio Books, Resources materials

and Learning Aids for the libraries. There is need for other sources of funding apart

from Government participation, to build more libraries in Nigeria.

IV. Better Legal Regulations for Internet Use: government must make-up better polices to

ensure better use of internet in Nigeria. Legislation such as the copyright Act of Nigeria

may not be enough to stop individuals from duplicating other people’s work. Section 37

of the Nigeria Constitution is the only standard legislation that covers for the primary

Rights of Nigerians. There should be a new legislation that covers privacy of individuals

using data as well. An example of such legislation Nigeria can adopt is the Consumer and

Data Protection Act. The law is being adopted by serial media like face book to grant

consumers more privacy while using their data. It also allows consumer to control how

they use their data while on social media. This idea is very good if applied also to other

internet services providers in Nigeria. It will save cost and also make internet services

like E-library affordable and accessible.

V. Better Computer Literacy Training Programs: for individuals to be using internet, there

must be accurate knowledge on how to use electronic devices like the computer,

individual when trained should have acquired necessary skills to retrieve information and

other intellectual resources materials. In schools, administration can organize worships,

seminar and conference to talk about the computer literacy. Computer courses should be

30
 taken by individuals, academics or any professionals to enable them have better

knowledge on the use of technology.

VI. Funding of Better Internet Service Network: in Nigeria, there is challenge of having

better internet service. Nigeria telecommunication companies offer internet services

which have been used in schools, business organizations, firms, and non-government

organization, private or public enterprises. Yet, the internet services experiences technical

hitches, hereby generating very poor services, to consumers. Lack of business

consistency occurring among the internet services providers, especially in

telecommunications companies, have not provided enough investment for technological

development in Nigeria. This as a result of frequent business takeovers.

REFERENCE

The world Encyclopedia (2008) 3rd edition by Leslie strobe

Simpson and Weiner (1989). Document reproduction in library London Association of Assistant

libraries 136.

Ajileye and Joseph (2002) copyright violation in Nigerian academic Dike library, university of

Ibadan Nigeria. Gateway library Journal 14(2), 163-176.

Umar (2003) Education research: Basic issues and Methodology (2nd Ed.)

Onuoba (2006) Electronic Resources: access and usage at Ashesi university College campus-

wide information system 22(5) available at: http//www.emraldinsight.com. Accessed on

19th February 20016.

31
Magele (2005) Management of electronic information resources in the libraries of radio station

in South-West zone, Nigeria. An unpublished masters degree proposal Bayero University

Kano

Wilkie (2011) fundamentals of collection development and management Chicago: American

Library Association.

Madukoma (2013) Academic Libraries in the 21st century. Library philosophy and practice.

Available at digital common.

Parker (1998) conceptions of information literacy: new perspectives and implications journal of

information science, 26(6), 395.

Adebayo (2004) significance of library user education in the optional exploration and

exploitation of academic library resources journal of Education in developing areas, 13,

15-30.

Issa, A.O & Nwalo, K.I.N (2008). Factors affecting the carrier choice of undergraduates in

Nigeria library and Information Science Schools. African Journal of Library, Archival

and Information Science, 18(1), 23-31

32
 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.0 INTRODUCTION

3.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.2 POPULATION OF THE STUDY

3.3 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNOLOGY

3.4 INSTRUMENT OF DATA COLLECTION

3.5VALIDATION AND RELIABILITY OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

3.6 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

3.7 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

REFERENCE

3.0 INTRODUCTION

According to Ibrahim (2000) research design is the master plan upon which a research is carried

out this chapter gives detailed description of research method employed in the study the

instrument used for data collections, procedure for collection and Analysis of data collection.

3.1 RESEARCH METHOD

Social survey research method is associated with research situation, where the research subject

runs into thousands spreading across a large area (Issa,2007)

33
 Comparative study research method was employed which enable the researcher to study

details extensively on Accessibility and use of internet facilities in university libraries.

3.2 POPULATION OF THE STUDY

Population refers to all the members or element of a particular group of people, animals or things

in defined area.

The total population of this research study is 1,890 where the study sample will be

derived from.

3.3 SAMPLING AND SAMPLE TECHNIQUES

To get the sample size, we are using Taro Yamani’s formula, which is

Sample size (n) = n/1 + Ne2

Where N= Population

I = constant

e2 = error of margin (0.0052) or (5%) 2

n= sample size

Our population is 1890, so we are using Taro Yamani’s formula to determine the total population

of questionnaires we are going to distribute.

N/1 + ne2 = 1890/1 +1890 (0.005)2

=1890/1 + (0.0025)

34
 : 1,890/10 = 189

This shows that, we are going to distribute and make 189 copies of questionnaires.

3.4 INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION

Questionnaire was the main instrument used on the collection of data. There were two set of

questionnaire used in this study. These were designed to collect relevant data from the users.

Questionnaires were designed for users and it contains about 189 questions which cover

intensively, the problem being studied (Accessibility and use of internet facilities in university or

academic libraries). This resource was set to gather information from user. Options were given to

staff and users on each question and they are required to tick the most appropriate. There were

some questions open-wended in which the respondents were asked to give their answers.

3.5 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

After the preparation of this item of questionnaire a draft copy of the questionnaire was given to

our project supervisor who finally vetted it to ensure the effectiveness, adequacy, correction and

comment.

More so, to ensure the effectiveness, adequacy, correction and comment and continuous

usage of the findings through the instruments used to gather data, the researcher should ensure its

authencity by test and re-test method before distributing the questionnaire to the user.

3.6 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

Administration of questionnaire to users will be made in form of print format, for better view

of question response. Time duration also will be given to user for question answering.

Interview form of data collection to staff will be in form of oral.

35
3.7 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

Few statistical methods were used in presenting and analyzing the data collected in the course of

this research work. They are percentage and tables.

REFERENCE

Ibrahim, E.O (2000). Doing your research project: A guide for First Time Researcher in

Education and Social Science. Buckingham: open University press.

Issa, A.O (2007) Practical Guide to Project Writing: for student in Polytechnics, Colleges and

Universities Offa: Wumi Press. Pp.27.

36
 QUESTIONNAIRE

This is a questionnaire on the Accessibility and use of internet facilities in University Libraries.

This is the partial fulfillment of the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) in the library and

Information Science, Federal Polytechnic Offa. Your responses to these questionnaire or

question will be much appreciated.

SECTION A

INSTRUCTION

Please thick in the bracket or boxes for the best option and remark where necessary.

PERSONAL DATA

Sex

Male

Female

AGE

18-30

31-40

41-50

51 and above

FACULTY

37
 DEPARTMENT

Library and Information Sciences

Banking and Finance

Mass Communication

Others

POSITION

Librarian

Lecturer

Staff

Students

Others

LEVEL

100

200

300

400

38
Other

SECTION B

How often do you visit the library?

Daily

Occasionally

Anytime

Others

How often do you make uses of internet?

Everytime

Occasionally

Anytime

Others

Does library have internet facilities services?

Agree

Disagree

Does a library internet service contribute to users’ research?

Excellency

39
Good

Average

Poor

Does users satisfied with library services provided?

Satisfied

Not satisfied

Others

Does a library internet service contribute to users research?

Excellency

Good

Average

Poor

What are the types library internets mostly destroyed by the users?

Mouse

Keyboard

CPU

Monitor

40
Others

Reason library internets are damaged by the users?

Nonchalant attitude of library staff towards the users

Inadequate of internet facilities services

High rate of library registration

Others

What library internet mostly damage by whom?

Staff

Users

Others

What are the measures to put in place to curb library internet damages?

Orientation

Punishment

Security

Power supply

Others

41
What are the attitudes of users towards the library internet?

Good

Average

Poor

Does library internet services active for use?

Accuracy

Poor

Worse

What are attitude of users towards the library?

Good

Average

Poor

42
 CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION OF RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION OF RESPODENT

4.3 ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS

4.4 ANSWERRING OF RESEARCH QUESTION

4.5 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

The chapters highlight the presentation and analysis of data gathering during the administration

of the questioning

The questionnaire is designed for the users of University of Ilorin Library. The primary

aim of this research is to analyzed causes of Accessibility and the Uses of internet facilities in

University Libraries. The data collected were analyzed in tabular form using percentage basis.

The formula used for the analysis is given as follow:

%frequency × 100/Number

Where frequency is the total number of respondent to a particular question. Number is the total

number of respondents of the questionnaires at the bottom of each table a short explanation of

the table will be explained.

43
4.2 DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATIION OF RESPONDENTS

Table 4:2:1. Sex of Respondents

Response Frequency Percentage

Male 81 42.9%

Female 108 57.1%

Total 189 100

This table shows that, 108 respondents representing 57.1% are female while 81 respondent

representing 42.9% are male.

Table 4:2:2 Age of Respondents.

Response Frequency Percentage

18-30 132 69.8%

31-40 39 20.6%

41-50 14 7.4%

51 and above 4 2.1%

Total 189 100

Table 4:2:3. Faculty of the Respondents

Response Frequency Percentage

Engineering and Technology 61 32.3%

Art and Humanity 35 18.5%

Mathematics and Statistics 21 11.1%

Others 72 38%

44
 Total 189 100

These table shows that faculty of Engineering and Technology 32.3% while mathematics and

Statistics are representing 18.5%, Art and Humanity representing 11.1% and others representing

38%

Table 4:2:4 Department of Respondents

Response Frequency Percentage

Library and Information 57 30.2%

Science

Banking and Finance 24 12.7%

Mass Communication 37 19.6%

Others 71 37.6%

Total 189 100

It is derived from this table that Library and Information Science representing 30.2% while

Banking and Finance representing 12.7, mass Communication representing 19.6% and others

representing 37.6%

Table 4:2:5 Position of Respondents

Response Frequency Percentage

Librarian 1 0.5%

Staff 41 21.7%

Student 142 75.1%

Others 5 2.6%

45
 Total 189 100

This table shows that student representing 75.1% while Staff representing 21.7%, others

representing 2.6% and librarian 0.5%

Table 4:2:6. Level of Respondent

Response Frequency Percentage

100 121 64.0%

200 26 13.8%

300 30 15.9%

400 10 5.3%

Others 2 1.1%

Total 189 100

It is derived from this table that 100 level representing 64.0% while 200 level representing

13.8%, 300 level representing 15.9%, 400 level representing 5.3% and others representing 1.1%

4.3 ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS

SECTION B

Table: 4:3:1. How often do you visit the library?

Response Frequency Percentage

Daily 36 19.0%

Occasionally 81 42.9%

Anytime 72 38.1%

Others - -

Total 189 100

46
The data presented in this table shows that occasionally agree with 42.9% while anytime agree

with 38.1% and daily agree with 19.0%. This findings show that most of the respondents visit

library occasionally

Table 4:3:2. How often do you make use of the internet?

Response Frequency Percentage

Every time 139 73.5%

Occasionally 11 5.8%

Anytime 39 20.6%

Others - -

Total 189 100

It was derived from this table that, Everytime representing 73.5% while occasionally represents

5.8% and anytime representing 20.6%. This findings shows that, most of respondent make uses

of internet everytime

Table 4:3:3. Does Library have internet facilities services?

Response Frequency Percentage

Agree 124 64.0%

Disagree 25 13.2%

I don’t know 40 21.2%

Total 189 100

47
This table shows that, Agree representing 64.0% while Disagree representing 13.2% and I Don’t

Know representing 21.2%. This findings show that most of representing Agrees that library have

internet facilities services.

Table 4:3:4. Does a library internet service contribute to user’s research?

Response Frequency Percentage

Excellency 88 46.6%

Average 86 45.5%

Poor 15 7.9%

Others - -

Total 189 100

It was derived from this table that Excellency representing 46.6% while Average representing

45.5% and Poor representing 7.9%. These findings shows that, user can have access to library

internet services excellently

Table 4:3:5. Does users satisfied with library services provided?

Response Frequency Percentage

Satisfied 84 44.4%

Not satisfied 100 52.9%

Others 5 2.7%

Total 189 100

This table shows that, Satisfied is representing 44.4% while Not satisfied representing 52.9%

and others representing 2.7%. This finding shows that, library users are not satisfied with library

internet services provided.

48
Table 4:3:6. Does a library internet service contribute to user’s research?

Response Frequency Percentage

Excellency 100 52.9%

Good 60 31.7%

Average 29 15.4%

Poor - -

Total 189 100

It was derived from this table that, Excellency representing 52.9% while Good representing

31.7% and Average representing 15.4%. This finding shows that, library internet services

contribute to their research.

Table 4:3:7. What are the types library internets mostly destroyed by the users?

Response Frequency Percentage

Mouse 71 37.6%

Keyboard 59 31.2%

CPU 32 16.9%

Monitor 20 10.6%

Others 7 3.7%

Total 189 100

This table shows that, Mouse representing 37.6% while Keyboard representing 31.2%, CPU

representing 16.9%, Monitor representing 10.6%and others represent 3.7%. This findings shows

that the types of library internet that mostly destroyed by the users is Mouse.

49
Table 4:3:8. Reasons library internet services are damaged by the users?

Response Frequency Percentages

Nonchalant attitude of library 82 43.4%

staff towards the users

Inadequate of internet 36 19.1%

facilities services

High rate of library 27 14.3%

registration

Others 44 23.3%

Total 189 100

It was show from this Table that, nonchalant attitudes of library staff towards the users

representing 43.4% while inadequate of internet facilities representing 19.1%, high rate of library

registration representing 23.3%. it was shows from this findings that the reason why library

internet services are damaged by the users mostly is because of nonchalant attitudes of library

staff towards the users.

Table 4:3:9 library internet mostly damage by whom?

Response Frequency Percentage

Staff 60 31.7%

50
 Users 108 57.1%

Others 21 11.1%

Total 189 100

It was derived from this table that, Staff representing 31.7% while User representing 57.1% and

others 11.1%. This findings shows that library internet is mostly damaged by Users.

Table 4:3:10. What are the measures to put in place to curb library internet damages?.

Response Frequency Percentage

Orientation 51 27.0%

Punishment 46 24.3%

Security 40 21.2%

Power supply 27 14.3%

Other 25 13.2%

Total 189 100

This table shows that Orientation is representing 27.0% while Punishment represents 24.3%,

Security 21.2%, Power Supply 14.3% and Others representing 13.2%. this findings shows that,

measure to put in place to curb library internet damages mostly is orientation.

4.4 DISCUSSION OF FINDINDS

This chapter carried out some finding on availability and use of internet facilities in university

library” throughout the findings the researcher was able to know the cause of inadequate cause of

library internet and why destroyed the library internet property. The findings make us realize that

80% of users do not willingly to commit the crime but due to frustration such as nonchalant

51
attitude of staff towards the users, irrelevant of library internet etc. it was noticed that many users

commit the library internet crime out of illiterate, lack of orientation on library rule and

regulation and so on.

Lastly the findings make the researcher to know the measure to put in place to curb the

vandalism crime against the library internet services such as adequate of security, orientation of

users on how to operates and taking care of library internet with orientation of dos and don’ts of

library internet rules and regulation, punishment of users caught vandalize the library internet

property, power supply, duplicate of library internet resources etc. It shows from this findings

that all measure listed below can help to avoid the library internet destroyed.

52
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter is set up for the presentation of summary of findings, conclusion and necessary

recommendation of this study that is Accessibility and the Use of Internet Facilities in University

Libraries. The purpose of this study is to provide outline of the main and essential findings of the

study and also gives conclusion and recommendation of the findings.

5.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

Based on the presentation and analysis of data as reported in the last chapter. The summary of

this finding is discussed as follows.

Library users violate some of the library rules and regulations, such as destroying of

library internet resources (mouse, keyboard, monitor etc). the measure to put in place according

to findings include: Monitoring, Security, Penalty for the offenders, Orientation etc.

From the findings a lot of factors are responsible for library crimes committed by users in

academic library. Some of the factors causes are in efficient of security personnel, poor services

to users, overcrowding, lack of user’s orientation, nonchalant attitude of staff towards the user’s,

insufficient of irrelevance internet services, poverty are responsible for act library crime by the

users.

53
 5.2 CONCLUSION

Conclusively, from the research, problem facing the academic libraries by user is a result of

electronic and computerized security system, which result to ;lack of fund, inadequacy of fund

by the organization deprived the library power failure frequent, lack of user’s orientation, many

users does not know the dos and don’t of library which can cause library vandalism by the users.

5.3 RECOMMENDATION

Librarians are indeed worried about cases of library internet vandalism by user’s, as these

undermine their services and threaten their libraries purpose as store house of accumulated

knowledge. However, recommendation for safeguarding library resources in academic libraries

which includes the following.

I. The library should introduce certain penalties for the defaulters

II. The library should introduce electronic security system to assist security aim on

destroying library internet resources

III. The libraries should improve more on the education and enlightment of its busers on the

important of safeguarding the internet for the use of present users and future generation

of users.

IV. Library should orientate its users and staff on how to curb library internet services crime

V. Renovation of library windows by replacing the old windows not with new ones so that

throwing out of the library internet resources through the windows will be discourage and

eradicate and also fight burglary should be fixed, fence should be build around the

windows so that library internet resources like mouse, cable wire etc through window

cannot be picked.

54
 REFERENCE

Adebayo (2004) significance of library user education in the optional exploration and

exploitation of academic library resources journal of Education in developing areas, 13,

15-30.

Ajileye and Joseph (2002) copyright violation in Nigerian academic Dike library, university

of Ibadan Nigeria. Gateway library Journal 14(2), 163-176.

Bamidele and Oduola (2002) pratioal guiding the use of ICT

Ibrahim, E.O (2000). Doing your research project: A guide for First Time Researcher in

Education and Social Science. Buckingham: open University press.

Issa, A.O & Nwalo, K.I.N (2008). Factors affecting the carrier choice of undergraduates in

Nigeria library and Information Science Schools. African Journal of Library, Archival

and Information Science, 18(1), 23-31

Issa, A.O (2007) Practical Guide to Project Writing: for student in Polytechnics, Colleges and

Universities Offa: Wumi Press. Pp.27.

Madukoma (2013) Academic Libraries in the 21 st century. Library philosophy and practice.

Available at digital common.

Madukoma (2013) Academic Libraries in the 21 st century. Library philosophy and practice.

Available at digital common.

55
Magele (2005) Management of electronic information resources in the libraries of radio

station in South-West zone, Nigeria. An unpublished masters degree proposal Bayero

University Kano

Management of electronic information resources in the libraries of radio station in South

Okonofua 2008 the guide of ICT

Olasore (2009) the impact of internet facilities for student in university Benin.Magele (2005)

Onuoba (2006) Electronic Resources: access and usage at Ashesi university College campus

wide information system 22(5) available at: http//www.emraldinsight.com. Accessed on

19th February 20016.

Parker (1998) conceptions of information literacy: new perspectives and implications journal

of information science, 26(6), 395.

Simpson and Weiner (1989). Document reproduction in library London Association of

Assista libraries 136.

The world Encyclopedia (2008) 3rd edition by Leslie strobe

Umar (2003) Education research: Basic issues and Methodology (2nd Ed.)

West zone, Nigeria. An unpublished masters degree proposal Bayero University Kano

Wilkie (2011) fundamentals of collection development and management Chicago: American

Library Association.

56
Wilkie (2011) fundamentals of collection development and management Chicago: American

Library Association.

57