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Inflection of Words Ending in a Consonant
Inflection of Words Ending in a Consonant
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The majority of Finnish nouns end in a vowel. However, there are some groups of words ending in a
consonant. On this page, you can find examples of the inflection of words ending in a consonant. This page
is meant to give you an idea of how these words inflect, but includes links to separate pages where each type
is addressed more closely.
Here’s a handy overview which contains links to all the separate articles about words ending in a consonant.
Important: In the descriptions of each word type, I’ve used capital letter vowels (e.g. A, O, U) in order to
express that you will need to adjust the ending according to vowel harmony! In other words, where it says -
siA, you will use either -sia or -siä depending on the word (e.g. nainen > naisia, but ihminen > ihmisiä).
Table of Contents
Changes:
Separate articles:
Nouns ending in -nen
Common adjectives ending in -nen
Loanwords ending in -nen
Words ending in -inen
Words ending in -llinen
2. Words ending in -is
OLD WORDS ENDING IN -IS → -II-
Two groups:
OLD WORDS ENDING IN -IS → -II-
Old words ending in -is will have -is- turned into -ii-.
This -ii- is present in both the singular and the plural case, which makes them look identical.
The singular partitive’s -tA is added to the basic form of the word.
Separate articles:
Comparison of -is-ii- and -is-ikse- nouns
Spoken language words ending in -is
Two groups:
WORDS ENDING IN -US/-YS → -UDE-
Singular’s weak forms: -Us turn into -Ude-
Mihin and essive forms: -Us turns into -Ute-
Singular partitive: -s turns into -ttA
Plural forms (except for the T-plural): -Uksi-
Separate articles:
Comparison of -us-ude- and -us-ukse- nouns
Words -US/-YS → -UDE-
Words -US/-YS → -UKSE-
4. Words ending in -os/-ös
Separate article:
Two groups:
WORDS ENDING IN -AS → -AA-
Separate article:
Separate article:
Separate article:
Separate articles:
Words ending in -TAR → -TTARE-
Separate article:
Words ending in -TON → -TTOMA-
Separate article:
Words ending in -l, -n, -r
Hopefully this overview of the different types of Finnish words ending in a consonant and their inflection
helps you wrap your head around all the different changes that take place!
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Related Posts:
Words Ending in -is – Old Words versus Words Ending in -As – Words ending in -
Kallis Kaunis Futis New Words Ending in Taivutus: As- llinen- Finnish
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4 COMMENTS
Cassandra
Reply to Cassandra
Agreed! 🙂
0 Reply
Marcin
Do red and green colours indicate strong and weak forms, respectively? Do words subject to consonant
gradation exist in all those groups? For instance words ending in -nen?
0 Reply
Reply to Marcin
I do often color weak forms green and strong forms red, but my color use in this article is only
meant to highlight forms that look similar. If I find the time, I’ll add information about consonant
gradation later.
Thanks for the question and for pointing out the typo!
2 Reply
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