Full download Solution Manual for Financial Reporting and Analysis 5th Edition by Revsine file pdf free all chapter

You might also like

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 37

Solution Manual for Financial Reporting

and Analysis 5th Edition by Revsine


Go to download the full and correct content document:
http://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-financial-reporting-and-analysis-5t
h-edition-by-revsine/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...

Financial Reporting and Analysis Revsine 5th Edition


Solutions Manual

https://testbankbell.com/product/financial-reporting-and-
analysis-revsine-5th-edition-solutions-manual/

Solution Manual for Financial Reporting and Analysis


7th Edition By Revsine

https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-financial-
reporting-and-analysis-7th-edition-by-revsine/

Financial Reporting and Analysis Revsine 6th Edition


Solutions Manual

https://testbankbell.com/product/financial-reporting-and-
analysis-revsine-6th-edition-solutions-manual/

Financial Reporting and Analysis 6th Edition Revsine


Test Bank

https://testbankbell.com/product/financial-reporting-and-
analysis-6th-edition-revsine-test-bank/
Solution Manual for Financial Reporting and Analysis,
7th Edition, By Lawrence Revsine, Daniel Collins, Bruce
Johnson, Fred Mittelstaedt Leonard Soffer

https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-financial-
reporting-and-analysis-7th-edition-by-lawrence-revsine-daniel-
collins-bruce-johnson-fred-mittelstaedt-leonard-soffer/

Solution Manual for Financial Reporting and Analysis


13th Edition by Gibson

https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-financial-
reporting-and-analysis-13th-edition-by-gibson/

Solution Manual for Financial Reporting and Analysis,


8th Edition, Lawrence Revsine, Daniel Collins, Bruce
Johnson, Fred Mittelstaedt Leonard Soffer

https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-financial-
reporting-and-analysis-8th-edition-lawrence-revsine-daniel-
collins-bruce-johnson-fred-mittelstaedt-leonard-soffer/

Solution Manual for Financial Reporting Financial


Statement Analysis and Valuation 9th Edition by Wahlen

https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-financial-
reporting-financial-statement-analysis-and-valuation-9th-edition-
by-wahlen/

Solution Manual for Financial Reporting, Financial


Statement Analysis and Valuation, 8th Edition

https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-financial-
reporting-financial-statement-analysis-and-valuation-8th-edition/
Chapter 01 - Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets in the Global Economy

Solution Manual for Financial Reporting and


Analysis 5th Edition by Revsine
full chapter at: https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-
manual-for-financial-reporting-and-analysis-5th-edition-by-
revsine/
Chapter 1
Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets
in the Global Economy

Learning Objectives in This Chapter


• You will understand the functions performed and the roles played by the system
of financial institutions and markets in the global economy and in our daily
lives.
• You will discover how important financial institutions and markets, including
the whole financial system, are to increasing our standard of living, generating
new jobs, and building our savings to meet tomorrow’s financial needs.

What’s in This Chapter? Key Topics Outline


• How the System of Financial Institutions and Markets Interfaces with the
Economy
• The Importance of Savings and Investment
• The Nature of Financial Claims in the Financial Markets
• Functions of Financial Institutions and Markets: Savings, Wealth, Liquidity,
Credit, Payments, Risk Protection, and Pursuing Public Policy
• Types of Financial Markets within the Global Financial System
• Factors Tying All Financial Markets Together
• The Dynamic Financial System: Key Emerging Trends

Chapter Outline
1.1. Introduction to the System of Financial Institutions and Markets
1.2. The Global Economy and the System of Financial Institutions and Markets
1.2.1. Flows within the Global Economic System
1.2.2. The Role of Markets in the Global Economic System
1.2.3. Types of Markets
1.2.4. The Financial Markets and the Financial System: Channel for Savings
and Investment
1.2.4.1. Nature of Savings
1.2.4.2. Nature of Investment
1.3. Economic Functions Performed by the Global System of Financial Institutions
and Markets
1.3.1. Savings Function
1.3.2. Wealth Function
1.3.3. Liquidity Function

1-1
Chapter 01 - Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets in the Global Economy

1.3.4. Credit Function


1.3.5. Payments Function
1.3.6. Risk Protection Function
1.3.7. Policy Function

1-2
Chapter 01 - Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets in the Global Economy

1.4. Types of Financial Markets within the Global Financial System


1.4.1. The Money Market versus the Capital Market
1.4.2. Divisions of the Money and Capital Markets
1.4.3. Open versus Negotiated Markets
1.4.4. Primary versus Secondary Markets
1.4.5. Spot versus Futures, Forward, and Option Markets
1.5. Factors Tying All Financial Markets Together
1.5.1. Credit, the Common Commodity
1.5.2. Speculation and Arbitrage
1.6. The Dynamic Financial System
1.7. The Plan of This Book

Key Terms Appearing in This Chapter


financial system, 3 credit, 9
market, 4 money market, 12
financial market, 6 capital market, 12
savings, 6 open markets, 14
investment, 6 negotiated markets, 14
wealth, 8 primary markets, 14
net worth, 8 secondary markets, 14
financial wealth, 8 speculators, 16
net financial wealth, 8 arbitrage, 16
liquidity, 9

Questions to Help You Study


1. Why is it important for us to understand how the global system of financial
institutions and markets works?
Answer: The global financial system of institutions and markets is an integral part of
the global economic system. It is the collection of markets, institutions, laws,
regulations, and techniques through which bonds, stocks, and other securities are
traded, interest rates are determined, and financial services are produced and delivered
around the world.

2. What are the principal links between the financial system and the economy?
Why is each important to the other?
Answer: The principal link between the financial system and the economy is the
Financial Markets. The financial markets channel savings to those individuals and
institutions needing more funds for spending than are provided by their current
incomes. The financial markets are the heart of global financial system, attracting and
allocating saving and setting interest rates and prices of financial assets (stocks, bonds,
etc.).

1-3
Chapter 01 - Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets in the Global Economy

3. What are the principal functions or roles of the global financial system? How
do financial institutions and markets fulfill those roles or functions?
Answer: The principal function or role of the global financial system is to move scarce
loanable funds from those who save to those who borrow to buy goods and services and
to make investments in new equipment and facilities so that the global economy can
grow and increase the standard of living enjoyed by its citizens. Those who supply
funds to the financial market receive promises packaged in the form of financial claims
(future dividends, interest, etc.) and financial services (stocks, bonds, deposits, and
insurance policies) in return for the loan of their money.

4. What exactly is saving? Investment? Are these terms often misused by people on
the street? Why do you think this happens?
Answer: Saving: For households, savings are what is left from current income after
current consumption expenditures and tax payments are made. For the business sector,
savings include current earnings retained inside business firms after payment of taxes,
stockholder dividends , and other cash expenses. For government, savings arise when
there is a surplus of current revenues over current expenditures in a government’s
budget.
Investment: Investment generally refers to the acquisition of capital goods, such as
buildings and equipment, and the purchase of inventories of raw materials and goods to
sell. For households, investment is the purchase of a home. For business firms,
investment is the expenditures on capital goods (buildings, equipment and other fixed
assets) and inventories (raw materials and goods for sale). For government, investment
is the expenditures to build and maintain public facilities (buildings, monuments,
highways, etc.).
The terms may be misused since their definitions depend on the type of unit in the
economy that is doing the saving or investment.

5. How and why are savings and investment important determinants of economic
growth? Do they impact our standard of living? How?
Answer: The role of the financial system in channeling savings into investment is
absolutely essential to the growth of the economy. For example, if households set aside
savings and those funds are not returned to the spending stream through investment by
businesses and governments, future income payments will decline, leading, in turn to
reduced consumption spending. Then, the public's standard of living will fall. On the
other hand, if the households save and these savings are channeled into investment, the
economy's productive capacity will increase. In turn future income payments will rise,
making possible increased consumption spending and a higher standard of living.

1-4
Chapter 01 - Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets in the Global Economy

6. What seven vital functions does the financial system of money and capital
markets perform?
Answer: Savings Function: Bonds, stocks, and other financial claims produced and
sold in financial markets by financial institutions provide a profitable, relatively low-
risk outlet for the public’s saving which flow through the financial markets into
investment. Wealth Function: A stock of assets (the financial instruments) sold by
financial institutions in financial markets provide an excellent way to store of wealth.
Liquidity Function: Financial markets provide liquidity (immediately spendable cash)
for savers who hold financial instruments but are in need of money. Credit Function:
Global financial markets furnish credit to finance consumption and investment
spending. Payments Function: The global system of financial institutions and markets
provides a mechanism for making payments for goods and services. Risk Protection
Function: The financial institutions and markets around the world offer businesses,
consumers, and government protection against life, health, property, and income risks.
Policy Function: The financial markets are a channel through which governments may
attempt to stabilize the economy and avoid inflation.

7. Why is each function of the financial system important to households,


businesses, and governments? What kinds of lives would we be living today if there
were no financial system or no financial markets?
Answer: Each function of financial system will create a need for the money and capital
markets through the flow of funds and the flow of financial services, income, and
financial claims. Without savings, wealth and liquidity, our future consumption may be
limited. It will also be disastrous if our source of income is disrupted. Without credit,
our consumption and investment spending will be limited. Without the payments
function, we will not be able to buy goods and services. Without risk protection, we
will be exposed to life, health, property, and income risks. Without the policy function,
the economy may fluctuate freely beyond control.

8. What exactly do we mean by the term wealth? How does it differ from net worth?
Why is it important?
Answer: Wealth is the sum of the values of all assets we hold at any point in time. The
increase (or decrease) in the total wealth we own in the current time period equals to
our current savings plus the value of all previously accumulated wealth multiplied by
average rate of return on all previously accumulated wealth. While the measure of an
individual’s wealth is important measure of their financial position, a more accurate
measure is that of net worth. Net worth is the difference between an individual’s assets
and their liabilities. It is important because wealth holdings represent stored purchasing
power that will be used as income in future periods to finance purchases of goods and
services and to increase the society's standard of living.

9. What is net financial wealth? What does it reveal about each of us?
Answer: Net financial wealth equals to financial assets - total debt. Net financial wealth
indicates our net value, i.e., the residual value of all our assets after fulfilling all our
financial obligations.

1-5
Chapter 01 - Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets in the Global Economy

10. Can you explain what factors determine the current volume of financial wealth
and net financial wealth each of us has?
Answer: The volume of financial wealth is thus dependent on current savings (which
is in turn dependent on current income - current expenditures) and the size of previously
accumulated wealth. The volume of net financial wealth is thus dependent on the
current volume of financial wealth and the total debt. The average rate of return is one
of the factors in the volume of financial wealth. Furthermore, different units in the
economy have different wealth and net wealth due to their different inheritances of
wealth, capabilities of creating and retaining wealth, luck, foresight, debt preferences,
opportunities, etc.

11. Can you distinguish between the following institutions?


Money market versus capital market
Open market versus negotiated market
Primary market versus secondary market
Spot market versus forward or futures market
Answer: The money market is for short-term (one year or less) loans, while the capital
market finances long-term investments by businesses, governments, and households. In
an open market, financial instruments are sold to the highest bidder, and they can be
traded as often as is desirable before they mature. In a negotiated market, the
instruments are sold to one or a few buyers under private contract. The primary market
is for the trading of new securities (often used for new investment in buildings,
equipment, and inventories), while the secondary market deals in securities previously
issued (provide liquidity to security investors). In the spot market, assets or financial
services are traded for immediate delivery (usually within two business days). Contracts
calling for the future delivery of financial instruments are traded in the futures or
forward market.

12. If we follow financial institutions and markets around the world each day, it
soon becomes apparent that the interest rates and asset prices in different markets
tend to move together, albeit with small leads and lags. Why do you think this is
so?
Answer: For the common commodity and credit, borrowers can switch from one credit
market to another, seeking the most favorable credit terms wherever they can be found.
The shifting of borrowers among markets helps to weld the parts of the global financial
system together and to bring the credit costs in the different markets into balance with
one another. Also, speculators work to equilibrate asset prices by purchasing assets that
they believe are under priced and by selling those that they believe are overpriced.
Similarly, arbitrageurs purchase underpriced assets in one market in order to sell them
in a market which overvalues them.

1-6
Chapter 01 - Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets in the Global Economy

13. What are some of the forces that appear to tie all financial institutions and
markets together and often result in common movements in prices and interest
rates across the whole financial system?
Answer: Credit, the common commodity, can help the borrowers shift between markets
and weld the parts of the financial system together, thus bringing the credit costs in the
different markets into balance with one another. The speculators are continually on the
lookout for opportunities to profit from their forecasts of future market development.
The arbitrageurs help to maintain consistent prices betweens markets aiding other
buyers in finding the best prices with minimal effort.

14. What is meant by the dynamic financial system? What trends appear to be
reshaping the financial system of financial institutions and markets?
Answer: The global financial system is rapidly changing into a new financial system,
powered by innovation as new financial services and instruments continually appear o
attract customers. Major trends are under way to convert smaller national financial
systems into an integrated global system, at work 24 hours a day to attract savings,
extend credit, and fulfill other vital roles. Many countries have begun to harmonize their
regulations so that financial service firms operate under similar rules no matter where
they are located.

Problems and Issues


1. Identify which of the following statements is correct and which is false. If the
statement is false, identify the error and correct the statement.
a. The change in a household’s wealth over a quarter is its income minus
its expenses plus interest earned on its wealth held at the beginning of the period.

ANSWER: False – household’s wealth must also take into account the value of the
individuals asset holdings as well as their liabilities.

b. The market value of a household’s home is equal to the equity that the
household has in the home and is therefore part of the household’s net worth.

ANSWER: False – Market value of a home is not equal to the equity that the
household has in the home. Market value of the home is the going price for such a
home in current time, while equity is the new sales price minus the debt outstanding
on the home.

c. The saving and wealth functions performed by the financial markets


enable households to increase current consumption at the expense of future
consumption.

ANSWER: True

1-7
Chapter 01 - Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets in the Global Economy

2. Which of the following economic functions that financial markets perform


would be best represented by the following properties of U.S. Treasury bills:
(i) the fact that they retain their value over time and (ii) their ability to be
sold on short notice at their true market value?
a. Liquidity and risk protection
b. Wealth and liquidity
c. Policy and wealth
d. Risk protection and policy

Answer: b

3. John Jacobs looks over his balance sheet from the beginning of the month. He
observes that his assets include: (i) a market value of $120,000 for his home;
(ii) $25,000 in corporate stock; (iii) a Treasury bill with a face value of $1,000
to be received at the end of the month, for which the current market value was
$983; (iv) a bank deposit account of $6,000; and (vi) some miscellaneous items
that he values at $35,000. His only outstanding liability is the mortgage on his
house, which has a balance totaling $40,000. It is now the end of the month
and he just received his $6,000 salary, along with the income from the maturing
T-bill and interest on his bank deposits, which were paying an annualized
interest rate of 2 percent (2/12 percent per month). His mortgage payment was
$1,500, of which $500 would go toward the principal. His other expenses for
the month came to $4,000. He had planned to make an additional house
payment for the month, all of which would go to paying down the principal on
the loan. However, his daughter is in college and wants to go to the Bahamas
for spring break. The expense of her trip would be an additional $1,800.
a. Would he be able to make the additional house payment and fund his
daughter’s trip without reducing his account balance in the bank deposit
account?
ANSWER: His total monthly income, including the bond and interest payments
equal $1,000 + $6,000 + $10 = $7,010.
His total expenses this month if he chooses to fund his daughter’s trip and make
the additional payment on the house is $1,500 + $4,000 +$1,500 + $1,800 =
$8,800.
Therefore he would have to draw down his savings account by $7,010-$8,800
= $1,790.

b. What would his net worth be if he funded his daughter’s trip and made the
additional mortgage payment?
ANSWER: His total assets would consist of a home valued at $120,000,
$25,000 in corporate stock, a bank account of $4,210, and miscellaneous items
totaling $35,000. This brings his total assets to $184,210.

1-8
Chapter 01 - Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets in the Global Economy

His only liability is the outstanding balance on his mortgage. His made two
payments of $1,500 on his mortgage this month. One of the payments included
a $500 payment on the principal of the loan. The other payment was a principal
only payment. Thus the new outstanding balance of his mortgage is $40,000 -
$500 - $1,500 = $38,000.
So his net worth is given by his total assets less his total liabilities, or $184,210
- $38,000 = $146,210.

c. What would his net worth be if he did not fund his daughter’s trip and
made the additional mortgage payment?
ANSWER: If he did not fund his daughter’s trip, but he did make the extra
payment, then his monthly expenses would be $1,500 + $4,000 +$1,500 =
$7,000. His monthly income, including the maturing bond and interest
payments, would still be $7,010. This means that he would be able to increase
his deposit account by $7,010 - $7,000 = $10 this month.
Given this, his assets would be a home valued at $120,000, $25,000 in corporate
stock, a bank account of $6,010, and miscellaneous items totaling $35,000. This
brings his total assets to $186,010.
Since he still made the extra payment, his total liabilities remain the same as in
part b. So his net worth would be $186,010 - $38,000 = $148,010

d. Would his net worth change if he decided to fund the trip, but did not make
the additional mortgage payment? Explain.
ANSWER: If he funded his daughter’s trip, but did not make the extra payment,
his monthly expenses would be $1,500 + $4,000 + $1,800 = $7,300. His income
would still be $7,010. This means that he would need to draw on his savings by
$7,010 - $7,300 = $290.
Given this, his total assets would be $120,000 + $25,000 + $5,710 + $35,000 =
$185,710. Since he did not make the extra mortgage payment, his liability is
only reduced by the $500 principal payment of the original mortgage payment.
So his total liabilities are given by $39,500.
This means that his net worth is $185,710 - $39,500 = $146,210.
Coming into the month his net worth was given by
$120,000 + $25,000 + $6,000 + $1,000 + $35,000 - $40,000 = $147,000
So his net worth fell by $147,000 - $146,210 = $790.
This happened because the $1,000 matured and was spent, reducing his assets,
while at the same time his liabilities was reduced by $500 from the principal
payment on his mortgage. Together this results in a $500 reduction in net worth.
The other $290 in net worth reduction comes from the drawing down of his bank
account to cover current expenses.
So in summary, the principal payment boosted his net worth by reducing his
liabilities by $500, but the spending of the bond and the drawing down of his

1-9
Chapter 01 - Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets in the Global Economy

deposit account for current consumption reduced his assets by $1,290.


Together, the net effect is a reduction of $790 in his net worth.

4. George Wintle purchased a new home valued at $200,000. He paid a 20 percent


initial down payment. He looked at his balance sheet to determine what his
cash flow would be for the month. His new mortgage payment was $1,200, of
which only $100 would go toward the principal in the first month. He had a
bank deposit account of $3,500, which he had set aside for a shot vacation. He
also owned $3,000 in corporate stock. His income for the month was $5,000,
but he anticipates receiving a sales bonus of $1,500. He estimated his usual
monthly expenses, other than his mortgage, to be $3,500.
a. If his estimates are all accurate, would he have any additional income left
over at the end of the month that he could add to the money he had set aside
for his upcoming vacation?
ANSWER: If his estimates are correct, he will receive $5,000+$1,500 = $6,500
in income this month and will have $1,200+$3,500=$4,700. This means he will
have $6,500-$4,700=$1,800 left over that he could add to his vacation account
b. If he failed to receive the sales bonus, would he have to sell stock to keep
from drawing down his bank deposit account and having to curtail his
vacation?
ANSWER: If he fails to receive his sales bonus, he will still earn $5,000. In
this case he will have $5,000-$4,700 = $300 left over to put toward his vacation
5. Megan Morgan recently graduated from college and was just hired at a large
retail firm for $36,000 per year. She estimates her personal belongings to be
worth $7,800. She has school loans of $10,000 that will require her to make
monthly payments of $125 for the next 10 years. She rents an apartment for
$550 per month and estimates that she will have monthly expenses for utilities,
phone, cable, and so forth of $150. She needs a car and has a small noninterest-
bearing bank account of $2,000. She could either buy a used car for $1,600 or
take out a loan for $10,000 for a new compact. The new loan would require a
down payment of $2,000 and five years of monthly payments of $350. Her
parents are willing to give her $1,000 for graduation, which she could apply to
the purchase of a car. Megan estimates that $1,600 per month in discretionary
income would be comfortable for her to live on.
a. What was her net worth when she graduated?
ANSWER: Her total assets were given by here total belongings valued at
$7,800 plus her noninterest-bearing account of $2,000 and plus the $1,000
graduation gift from her parents (assuming that they gave this to her prior to our
accounting). This means her assets total to $10,800.
Here only liability is her $10,000 in student loans, so her net worth is $800.

1-10
Chapter 01 - Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets in the Global Economy

b. How much discretionary income would she have each month if she bought
the new car? Would it be feasible for her to save $250 per month and make
all her payments?
ANSWER: Assuming she lives in a world without income tax, her monthly
salary would be $3,000. If she bought the new car, she could use $1,000 of her
bank account balance along with the $1,000 her parents gave her to cover the
down payment.
Her monthly expenses would equal $120 + $550 + $150 + $350 + $1600 =
$2,770. Again, her monthly income, assuming no income tax, is $3,000. This
means she would have $3,000 - $2,770 = $230 left over every month. So she
would not be able to save $250 a month.

c. What would her discretionary income be after the first month if she bought
the used car? Could she now save that $250 per month?
ANSWER: If she bought the used car, here expenses would fall by the amount
of the new car payment to $2,420. Her leftover monthly income would now be
$3,000 - $2,420 = $580.

6. Classify the market in which each of the following financial transactions takes
place as: (i) money versus capital, (ii) primary versus secondary, (iii) open
versus negotiated, or (iv) spot versus futures or forward.
a. A contract to receive wheat three months from today
ANSWER: (iv) spot versus futures or forward
b. The purchase of a share of IBM on the New York Stock Exchange
ANSWER: (iii) open versus negotiated
c. A six-month CD purchased from your bank
ANSWER: (i) money versus capital
d. A newly issued three-month Treasury bill purchased at the government’s
weekly auction
ANSWER (ii) primary versus secondary
e. You open a bank savings account
ANSWER (iii) open versus negotiated
f. You write a check to purchase for cash
ANSWER (i) money versus capital

1-11
Chapter 01 - Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets in the Global Economy

7. At the end of the calendar year, a firm has total financial assets amounting to
$4.32 billion, while its total liabilities are $3.58 billion. What is the firm’s net
financial wealth? If the firm saved $50 million over the previous year,
representing the amount by which its financial assets rose relative to its
liabilities, and it had begun the year with 3.72 billion in total financial assets,
how much did it earn on its previously accumulated assets?
ANSWER: The firm’s net financial wealth is given by $4.32 billion - $3.58 billion
=$ 0.74 billion

8. One definition of pure arbitrage is to combine a series of investments with a


series of debts such that the net dollar investment is zero, no risk is taken, and
a profit is made. How does this differ from pure speculation in the financial
markets? Do you think that arbitrage opportunities can really exist? If so, do
you think the opportunities for pure arbitrage would be long-lived? Please
explain.
ANSWER: Pure speculation in the financial market gambles that security prices
or interest rates will move in a direction that will result in quick gains due to the
speculator’s ability to outguess the market’s collective judgment. Thus, speculation
carries risk, and is in contrast with the notion of pure arbitrage presented above.
Yes, arbitrage opportunities can really exist, but they would not be long-lived.
Arbitrageurs will drive down the price of the asset in the market where it is
relatively high, and up in the market where the price is relatively low, until the
security price is the same in both markets. In the future, the new financial services
and instruments will covert smaller national financial system into an integrated
global system. It is difficult for arbitrageurs move from one market to another,
because the financial market will have just only one global financial market.

Web-Based Problems – DATA SERIES MAY BE DIFFERENT


1. Your text defines the wealth of a business firm as the sum of all its assets. To
determine its net wealth (or total equity) you have to subtract the firm's
liabilities from its assets. Net wealth is the value of the firm and should be
reflected in its market capitalization (or stock price times the number of shares
outstanding). Firms in different industries will require different amounts of
wealth to create the same market value (or market capitalization). In this
problem you are asked to compare the wealth (total assets), net wealth (assets
less liabilities), and market capitalization of a large firm in each of the
following industries: Financial Services (Citigroup, ticker symbol C);
Manufacturing (Caterpillar, CAT); and High Tech (Microsoft, MSFT). Using
the financial resources of worldwide web key in each firm's ticker symbol and
find its most recent balance sheet and its market capitalization under. Are you
surprised by how different these firms are in

1-12
Chapter 01 - Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets in the Global Economy

terms of the dollar value of assets required to create one dollar of market value?
Answer: You can use the website http://finance.yahoo.com. These are the financial
data on December 2006:
For Citigroup, C: The Total Asset 1,884,318 million dollars
The Total Liabilities 1,764,535 million dollars
Net Wealth 119,783 million dollars
The Market Capitalization 265,430 million dollars
$1 of market value equal $7.1 of value of assets
For Caterpillar, CAT: The Total Asset 50,879 million dollars
The Total Liabilities 44,020 million dollars
Net Wealth 6,859 million dollars
The Market Capitalization 52,170 million dollars
$1 of market value equal $0.98 of value of assets
For Microsoft, MSFT: The Total Asset 69,597 million dollars
The Total Liabilities 29,493 million dollars
Net Wealth 40,104 million dollars
The Market Capitalization 289,110 million dollars
$1 of market value equal $0.24 of value of assets

2. A large share of household wealth is held in the form of corporate stock. How
much wealth does the entire stock market represent? To find an approximate
answer, go to the web site for Wilshire Associates at www.wilshire.com and
click Indexes from the menu. Locate the information that explains how the
Wilshire 5000 index is constructed. This index is weighted by the market
capitalization of the firms included in it, such that if you add the right amount
of zeros to the index, you obtain the total value of all the firms represented in
the index. Why is this number a good approximation to the entire U.S. stock
market? Now obtain a chart for the index. How much stock market wealth has
been created or destroyed over the past 12 months? Determine how much stock
market wealth was created or lost per person in the United States over this
period. (Hint: You can find the U.S. population at
http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html). Compare this with the
average after-tax annual income per person in the U.S. Use the disposable
personal income figure that can be found under “Selected NIPA Tables: Table
2.1” at www.bea/gov.doc/bea/dn/nipaweb/index.asp to make the comparison.
Answer: As of June 6, 2007, the total wealth that the entire stock market represents is
15,291.15 billion (from http://www.wilshire.com/quote.html?symbol=dwc). The Dow
Jones Wilshire 5000 base is its December 31, 1980 capitalization of $1,404.596 billion.
The index is an excellent approximation of total value of the U.S. equity market because
it measures the performance of all U.S. headquartered equity securities with readily
available price data.
The following is a chart of the index over a year (from 6/22/06 to 6/21/07):

1-13
Chapter 01 - Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets in the Global Economy

1-14
Chapter 01 - Functions and Roles of Financial Institutions and Markets in the Global Economy

Since the difference in the index is approximately 2,800 (=15,300-12,500), we


found the stock market wealth creation to be $2,800 billions for the period between
June 22, 2006 and June 21, 2007.
During this period of time, the U.S. population is approximately 302,152,705
(from http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html). Therefore, $5,060.74 worth
of stock market wealth was created per person in the United States over this period.
During the first quarter of 2007, the disposable personal income is roughly at
$9,898.0 billion, or $32,758.2 per person
(from http://www.bea.gov/bea/dn/nipaweb/TableView.asp#Mid).

3. One of the world's most important financial markets that we will study
throughout this book is the market for U.S. Treasury securities. It is important
because it is one of the few default-free, highly liquid debt instruments
available anywhere in the financial marketplace. To determine the size of this
market go to the Treasury Department’s website at www.treasurydirect.gov
and find the Monthly Statement of the Public Debt (MSPD). How much debt
does the U.S. government owe per person in the United States? (See the
previous problem on how to find the U.S. population figure.) How much of this
debt is held by the public and how much by government agencies? Only a
portion of this debt - termed “marketable” - is traded daily in the system of
financial markets and institutions. The remainder is held by the buyer until it
matures. How much of this public debt is “marketable”?
Answer: http://www.treasurydirect.gov/govt/reports/pd/account/2007/2007_may.pdf
As of May 31, 2007, the amount of debt outstanding held by the public (Non-
governmental) is $4,977,832 millions. When we divide the amount of debt outstanding
by the size of the U.S. population, we obtain the debt that the U.S. government owes
per person in the United States - $16,475. The amount of debt held by the public (Intra
& Non-governmental) is $9,142,527 million, while the amount of debt held by
government agencies is $4,164,695 millions. Of the total amount of $9,142,527
millions of public debt outstanding, $4,977,832 millions, or approximately 54.45 %, of
it is marketable.

1-15
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Ten minutes later the anchor was weighed, and they were
steaming out towards the breakwater and the open sea.
Meanwhile Ella and Clarence had engaged a small, swift boat to
row them across to the foot of Mount Edgecumbe Park; and climbing
at a great pace up the steep road that skirts the walls, they got into
the field below Maker Church to get a last glimpse of the yacht. They
were in time to see clearly against the blue of sea and sky the bright-
hued pavilion with its curtains thrown back, and a group of scarcely
distinguishable figures underneath.
“Yes—yes, I can see them—I can see them, George and Nouna
and Sundran, too!” said Clarence excitedly.
Ella was shorter-sighted, stamped her foot with impatience
because she could not make them out, and was fain to be content
with watching the yacht until it was a mere speck. At last she could
scarcely see it, for her eyes grew dim with rising tears. Clarence had
now time to feel angrily jealous of her interest in the vessel.
“Poor little girl! Poor little Nouna!” she said at last. “How white and
worn she looks still, so different from the brilliant little creature who
came to us at Maple Lodge!”
“Perhaps she will die and leave him free,” said Clarence rather
bitterly.
But Ella’s expression changed to one of sincerest anxiety.
“Oh, no, indeed I hope she won’t! It would break his heart!” she
said.
“I thought you considered her such an inappropriate wife for him?”
Ella reddened. She had thought so once, and she thought so no
longer; but when and how her thoughts and feelings on the subject
had changed, she hardly knew.
“It is very difficult to judge accurately in such matters. You see it’s
impossible to deny that they’re passionately fond of each other, and
you mustn’t judge of the chances of a marriage by the way it came
about, you know.”
“No,” said Clarence, interested, “marriage is an odd thing.”
“Well,” said Ella brusquely, “we must be getting back now.”
“Won’t you wait till the yacht’s out of sight?”
Ella stopped and looked out to sea again, but she dug the end of
her sunshade into the ground with nervous impatience.
“I’m so sorry it’s all over; we’ve had such a jolly time getting it all
ready, haven’t we?” said he sentimentally.
“Oh, yes, well enough,” she answered rather crossly, feeling
herself an unpleasant void at the heart which she feared might lead
to some foolish exhibition of weakness.
“It was an interest in life, wasn’t it?”
“Oh, yes, but there are plenty more left.”
“For you, yes, because you’re so good.”
“Nonsense, I’m no better than you might be if you liked. It was
your money that did most of it, remember. I assure you I don’t forget
the obligation.”
“Now, Ella, don’t be ridiculous. What do I care about the miserable
money?”
“You’d care a great deal, if you were wise. A rich man who makes
himself comparatively poor by the good things he does with his
money is a fine fellow.”
Clarence cleared his throat two or three times, and began to shake
violently.
“Do you—do you think, Ella,” he began at last huskily, “that you’d
ever—care to—care to—make a fine fellow—of me?”
Ella turned sharply about and faced him.
“Can’t you do it for yourself?” she asked loftily.
Clarence shook his head.
“Now you know I can’t,” he pleaded gently. Then, as she made no
answer, he looked out to sea again, and saw that the Scheherazade
was dwindling to a little grey point on the horizon. “Now I’ll give you
till the yacht is out of sight to make up your mind,” said he.
Then they both looked at the vanishing speck. The moments
passed, and neither spoke, though they could hear and almost feel
the beating of each other’s heart, and though each felt the silence to
be desperately disconcerting.
“It’s gone!” said he.
“No, it isn’t!” cried she.
Both were growing intensely excited. Ella opened her eyes wider
and wider, and strained them to the utmost. Clarence tried to speak,
but she stopped him by thrusting out her hand right in front of him,
holding her breath. He looked down at it for a couple of seconds, and
then ventured to take it very gently in his right hand, and to put his
left on her shoulder. When he had remained in this position for a few
moments, she drew a long breath, and blinked her eyes violently.
“Don’t cry,” said Clarence soothingly, and he stooped and kissed
her.
“I haven’t answered you,” she objected, raising her shoulder
pettishly.
“Never mind that now. Let me comfort you, and you shall answer
me by and by.”
But Ella still looked persistently out to sea.
“The yacht’s quite gone now,” she said in a disconsolate voice,
“and with it your twenty thousand pounds. I suppose, from a strictly
business point of view, I owe you some compensation.”
“Well, twenty thou is twenty thou,” said Clarence, whose spirits
were rising.
Ella raised her hand to her chin reflectively, a little beam of
mischief coming into her eyes.
“On the whole,” she said at last musingly, making no further
objection to the encroachments of her companion’s arm,
“considering that I’m the ugly duckling of the family, perhaps I might
have made a worse bargain! And to tell you the truth, Clarence,” she
added presently in a gentler voice, with a touch of shyness, when he
had made her seal the contract with a kiss for each thousand, “if you
had gone your way and I had gone mine after the way you behaved
over that yacht, I—I should have missed you awfully!”
The sun was growing hot over the land and over the sea, and a
dim white haze seemed to soften the line between blue sky and blue
ocean, as they stood still side by side under the tower of old Maker
Church, savouring of the strange sweetness of having crowned an
old romance and laid the foundation of a new one with the fitting up
of the yacht Scheherazade.

Away over the quiet sea the little yacht steamed, the red-gold
evening sunlight bathing her decks and cresting with jewels each tiny
wave in her track. Under the silken canopy of the little pavilion
George was still sitting, with Nouna curled up asleep by his side;
while the freshening breeze, which rustled in the heavily fringed
curtains, blew straight in his face, bringing health and hope with its
eager kiss, and sweeping away like noxious vapours the dark
memories of the bygone winter. Ambition was stirring again within
him, and a craving for hard work, that his faults and follies in the past
might be atoned for by worthy achievement in the future. Lost in
thought, he had for a moment forgotten the present, when a slight
movement of her right arm, which lay across his own, brought his
sleeping wife again to his recollection. Bending down with a softened
expression in his eyes, he looked long at the tiny face, the sweeping
black eye-lashes, and the full red lips, the mutinous curves of which
gave him a warning he scarcely needed that, when once the
depression of weak health was past, it might still need all his love for
her and all her love for him to keep the little wilful creature within the
due bounds of dignified matronhood. The “semblance of a soul,” as
Rahas called it, had indeed peeped forth in her, and George
Lauriston’s belief that “the influence of an honest man’s love was
stronger than that of any mesmerist who ever hid pins,” had been
amply justified; but Nouna was not, and never would be, the
harmless domestic creature, absorbed in household duties, whom a
husband can neglect or ignore with impunity. Such as she was,
however, George was more than content that she should be, and the
wavering young heart which had turned to him in the dark days he
was determined by every loving and wise means to keep true to him
in the brighter time.
And so, with good promise of a fair future, the sun went down in a
golden haze on the calm sea, as the yacht still sped on for the warm
lands of orange and palm.

THE END.
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
Florence Warden was the pseudonym of Florence Alice (Price)
James.
The Ward & Downey edition (3 vol., London, 1887) was referenced
for most of the changes listed below.
Minor spelling inconsistencies (e.g. armchair/arm-chair, lattice-
work/lattice work, etc.) have been preserved.

Alterations to the text:


Punctuation: missing periods, quotation mark pairings/nestings,
etc.
Italicize two incidents of “fiacre” to maintain consistency.
[Chapter VI]
Change “At last a board creeked in the hall outside” to creaked.
[Chapter VII]
“of which her vegetabe nature… began to describle to her visitor”
to vegetable and describe, respectively.
[Chapter X]
“Miss Nouna Weston to our office a quickly as possible on receipt”
to as.
[Chapter XI]
“and was familar with every phase of fast life” to familiar.
[Chapter XII]
“pang of yearning towards the sincere and oteadfast old friend” to
steadfast.
[Chapter XIV]
“at last she scarcely gave more, …, then an occasional nod” to
than.
(“You came here this morniug to see your husband drill?”) to
morning.
[Chapter XV]
“little tyrant that ever capitivated a man’s senses and wormed”
captivated.
[Chapter XVI]
“and certainly done his utmost to persuade him to aecept it” to
accept.
[Chapter XVII]
“and the swarthy white robed Sundran, walking with noiseless” to
white-robed.
[Chapter XXI]
“first direction and then set about carrving out the second” to
carrying.
[Chapter XXII]
“rattled on Dicky, encourged by George’s lenity” to encouraged.
[Chapter XXIII]
“Even the highflown speech was like Nouna in her serious” to
high-flown.
“keep her from having her life ruined by any man’s pig
headedness” to pig-headedness.
[Chapter XXVI]
(“That if I would call in—some dy—bay myself—he would show) to
day—by.
“one of the widows was burst open with a crash” to windows.
[Chapter XXVII]
“quick turn of every head to the left, and and hoarse cry” delete
one and.
“by the time he got inside the gate way of the house” to gate-way.
[Chapter XXVIII]
“Chloris shrugged his shoulders, but she was impressed” to her.
[Chapter XXX]
“To his surprise, the Oriental seem quite relieved to find that” to
seemed.

[End of text]
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK
SCHEHERAZADE: A LONDON NIGHT'S ENTERTAINMENT ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions


will be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.


copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright
in these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and
distribute it in the United States without permission and without
paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General
Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and
distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the
PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if
you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the
trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the
Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is
very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such
as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and
printed and given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in
the United States with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright
law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially
commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE


THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the


free distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this
work (or any other work associated in any way with the phrase
“Project Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of
the Full Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or
online at www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and


Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand,
agree to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual
property (trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to
abide by all the terms of this agreement, you must cease using
and return or destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee for
obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™
electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms
of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only


be used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by
people who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.
There are a few things that you can do with most Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying with the
full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1.C below. There
are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™
electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and
help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™
electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright
law in the United States and you are located in the United
States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying,
distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works
based on the work as long as all references to Project
Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will
support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free
access to electronic works by freely sharing Project
Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this
agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name
associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms
of this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with
its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it
without charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside
the United States, check the laws of your country in addition to
the terms of this agreement before downloading, copying,
displaying, performing, distributing or creating derivative works
based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The
Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright
status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project


Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other


immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must
appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project
Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed,
viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the


United States and most other parts of the world at no cost
and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may
copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the
Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or
online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
United States, you will have to check the laws of the
country where you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is


derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not
contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the
copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to
anyone in the United States without paying any fees or charges.
If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the
phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of
paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use
of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth
in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is


posted with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and
distribution must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through
1.E.7 and any additional terms imposed by the copyright holder.
Additional terms will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™
License for all works posted with the permission of the copyright
holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project


Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files
containing a part of this work or any other work associated with
Project Gutenberg™.
1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute
this electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1
with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the
Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if
you provide access to or distribute copies of a Project
Gutenberg™ work in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or
other format used in the official version posted on the official
Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org), you must, at
no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a copy, a
means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other
form. Any alternate format must include the full Project
Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,


performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™
works unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or


providing access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who


notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that
s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™
License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and
discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project
Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of


any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in
the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90
days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project


Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different
terms than are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain
permission in writing from the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project Gutenberg™
trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3
below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend


considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on,
transcribe and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright
law in creating the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite
these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the
medium on which they may be stored, may contain “Defects,”
such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt
data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other
medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or
cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES -


Except for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in
paragraph 1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation, the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
and any other party distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic
work under this agreement, disclaim all liability to you for
damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees. YOU
AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE,
STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH
OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH
1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER
THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR
ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE
OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF
THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If


you discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of
receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you
paid for it by sending a written explanation to the person you
received the work from. If you received the work on a physical
medium, you must return the medium with your written
explanation. The person or entity that provided you with the
defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu
of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or
entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second
opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.
If the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund
in writing without further opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set


forth in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’,
WITH NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR
ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied


warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of
damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this
agreement violates the law of the state applicable to this
agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to make the
maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable
state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of
this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the


Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the
Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any
volunteers associated with the production, promotion and
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless
from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that
arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project
Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or
deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect
you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of


Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new
computers. It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of
volunteers and donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the


assistance they need are critical to reaching Project
Gutenberg™’s goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™
collection will remain freely available for generations to come. In
2001, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was
created to provide a secure and permanent future for Project
Gutenberg™ and future generations. To learn more about the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and how your
efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the
Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project


Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-
profit 501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the
laws of the state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by
the Internal Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal
tax identification number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the
Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation are tax
deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal laws and
your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500


West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact
links and up to date contact information can be found at the
Foundation’s website and official page at
www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to


the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission
of increasing the number of public domain and licensed works
that can be freely distributed in machine-readable form
accessible by the widest array of equipment including outdated
equipment. Many small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly
important to maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws


regulating charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of
the United States. Compliance requirements are not uniform
and it takes a considerable effort, much paperwork and many
fees to meet and keep up with these requirements. We do not
solicit donations in locations where we have not received written
confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or
determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit
www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states


where we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know
of no prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from
donors in such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot


make any statements concerning tax treatment of donations
received from outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp
our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current


donation methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a
number of other ways including checks, online payments and
credit card donations. To donate, please visit:
www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project


Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could
be freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose
network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several


printed editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by
copyright in the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus,
we do not necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any
particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,


including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new
eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear
about new eBooks.

You might also like