fganh O;kdj.

k
d{kk&9
CBSE Course ‘B’

Based on Latest & Updated Syllabus

(2020-2021)
laiknu
MkW- iznhi oqQekj tSu
vkHkkjµ
1- MkW- xfjek nwcs (tcyiqj] lR; izdk'k ifCyd LowQy)
2- lqtkrk tks'kh (eqacbZ] ftany fon~;k eafnj] okflan)
3- izrh'k (jk;iqj] ,u-,p- xks;y oYMZ LowQy] jk;iqj)
4- MkW- jkeizdk'k JhokLro (flyhxqM+h] Mh-ih-,l-)
 l=k 2020&21 dk ikB~;Øe
d{kk µ 9
dkslZ&ch
fo"k; µ fganh
1- vifBr cksèkµ 10 vad
vifBr xn~;ka'k 10 vad
2- O;kdj.k fcanq& 16 vad
(i) 'kCn vkSj in (2 vad)
(ii) vuqLokj (1 vad)] vuqukfld (1 vad) ¾ 2 vad
(iii) milxZ (2 vad)] izR;; (2 vad) ¾ 4 vad
(iv) 'kCn&fopkj (6 vad)
• Jqfrle fHkUukFkZd 'kCn & 2 vad
• i;kZ;okph 'kCn & 2 vad
• foykse 'kCn & 2 vad
(v) vFkZ dh n`f"V ls okD; Hksn µ 2 vad
3- ikB~;iqLrd Li'kZ Hkkx&1 o iwjd ikB~;iqLrd lap;u Hkkx&1µ 28 vad
(v) xn~; [kaM µ 11 vad
(i) ikB~;iqLrd Li'kZ osQ xn~; ikBksa osQ vkèkkj ij y?kq iz'u 2$2$2 ¾ 6 vad
(ii) ikB~;iqLrd Li'kZ osQ fuèkkZfjr ikBksa (xn~;) ij ,d fucaèkkRed iz'u µ 5 vad
(c) dkO; [kaM µ 11 vad
(i) ikB~;iqLrd Li'kZ osQ dkO; [kaM osQ vkèkkj ij y?kq iz'u 2$2$2 ¾ 6 vad
(ii) dfork dh le> ij vkèkkfjr ,d fucaèkkRed iz'u µ 5 vad
(l) iwjd ikB~;iqLrd lap;u Hkkx&1 µ 6 vad
lap;u osQ fuèkkZfjr ikBksa ls nks iz'u 3$3 ¾ 6 vad
4- jpukRed&ys[kuµ 26 vad
(i) vuqPNsn&ys[ku µ 6 vad
(ii) vukSipkfjd i=k µ 5 vad
(iii) lans'k ys[ku µ 5 vad
(iv) laokn ys[ku µ 5 vad
(v) ukjk ys[ku (Lyksxu ys[ku) µ 5 vad
fuEufyf[kr ikB osQoy iBu osQ fy, %&
Li'kZ Hkkx&1 • oSKkfud psruk osQ okgd panz'ks[kj osadV jkeu • xhr&vxhr
lap;u Hkkx&1 • dYyw oqQEgkj dh mukdksVh • esjk NksVk&lk futh iqLrdky;
 'kCn vkSj in
fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk dk izkjaHk èofu ls gksrk gS vkSj mlosQ fyf[kr :i dks gh o.kZ dgrs gSa vFkok ;w¡
dgsa fd ftu vyx&vyx fpg~uksa ls èofu dk varj igpkuk tkrk gS os o.kZ ;k v{kj dgs tkrs gSaA
o.kZ nks izdkj osQ gksrs gSaµ Loj vkSj O;atu (budh ppkZ nwljs vH;kl esa dh tk pqdh gSA)
1- 'kCn
o.kks± osQ lkFkZd esy dks gh 'kCn dgrs gSaA 'kCn oSQls curs gSa\ bldk dksbZ fu;e ugha gSA Hkk"kk
oSKkfudksa us vyx&vyx fln~/kar izfrikfnr fd, gSa ijarq loZekU; fu;e dksbZ ugha gSA oqQN 'kCn
liz;kl cuk, tkrs gSa vFkkZr milxZ&izR;;ksa vkfn O;kdjf.kd iz;ksxksa lsA tSlsµvknj] fujknj] lknj
vkfnA oqQN 'kCn ,d ls vf/d vFkZ ns tkrs gSa ftUgsa ge vusdkFkhZ dgrs gSa rks dHkh&dHkh ,d gh
vFkZ osQ fy, vusd 'kCn gksrs gSaA tSlsµ ^dey* osQ iwQy osQ fy, tyt] uhjt] vacqt] iadt
vkfnA bl izdkj 'kCnksa osQ vusd Hksn&miHksn&izHksn gks tkrs gSaA
,d mnkgj.k n~okjk bls le>saA ^jkSud iqLrd i<+rk gS* bl okD; esa pkj 'kCn gSa jkSud]
iqLrd] i<+rk vkSj gSA ^jkSud* ,d uke gS vkSj blesa rhu o.kZ u”kj vk jgs gSa j] u] d] vc budk
la;kstu bl izdkj fd;k x;k fd gedks ;g ,d vFkZ ns jgs gSaA ijarq D;k ^udjkS* ls oqQN vFkZ
izkIr gksrk gS\ fuf'pr :i ls ughaA bl izdkj ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd 'kCnksa dh lajpuk fdlh
oLrq osQ fo'ks"k xq.k] /eZ] LoHkko] o`fRr] ns'k] dky vkfn osQ vuqlkj gksrh gSA lekt izfrfnu vius
fglkc ls 'kCnksa dk fuekZ.k ugha dj ldrk oukZ lcdk viuk gh 'kCndks'k gks tk,xkA 'kCnksa dk vFkZ
gksuk pkfg, vkSj cgqla[;d lekt mls Lohdkj Hkh djsA ;gh dkj.k gS fd 'kCnksa dks lkFkZd vkSj
fujFkZd dgk x;k gSA
2- in
èofu;ksa osQ lkFkZd lewg dks 'kCn dgrs gSa vkSj okD; esa iz;qDr 'kCn dks in dgrs gSaA ;k ;w¡
dgsa 'kCn osQ O;kogkfjd :i dks in dgrs gSaA bl izdkj ftrus 'kCn gksrs gSa] mrus gh izdkj osQ
in gks tkrs gSaA iz;ksx osQ vk/kj ij ,d gh 'kCn ^laKk in* Hkh gks ldrk gS vkSj fo'ks"k.k in HkhA
tSlsµ
(1) tkx`r ,d vPNk Nk=k gSA (fo'ks"k.k in) (2) vPNksa osQ lkFk jgksA (laKk)
;gk¡ 'kCn ^vPNk* gh gS ijarq iz;ksx esa fHkUurk gS] ij gSa nksuksa ,d ghA
'kCn vkSj in esa varj
(d) in cuus ls igys 'kCn esa dksbZ u dksbZ izR;; vo'; tqM+ tkrk gSA tSlsµ
yM+dh fon~;ky; tkrh gSA
bl okD; esa ^yM+dh* drkZ Hkh gS vkSj laKk Hkh] blesa drkZ dkjd dk 'kwU; ijlxZ
3
 tqM+k gqvk gSA ;g ^tkrh* gS fØ;k dk drkZ Hkh gSA bldk yM+dk] yM+osQ] yM+dh vkfn
izR;;ksa ls Hkh :i cu ldrk gSA
([k) 'kCn dks tc okD; esa iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS rks okD; esa fyax] opu] dky] foHkfDr]
iq#"k] okP; vkfn in ij izHkko Mkydj mlosQ :i dks fu/kZfjr djrs gSaA vFkkZr 'kCn
osQ okD; esa vkrs gh vusd O;kdjf.kd fcanq mlls fpid tkrs gSa vkSj ,d fuf'pr
:i iznku djkrs gSaA tSlsµ
;g esjh iqLrd gSA
bl okD; esa ^;g* loZuke gS ,dopu gS] iqfYayx gSA bl 'kCn ls bu rhuksa O;kdjf.kd
fcanqvksa us tqM+dj gh bls in cuk fn;k gSA
(x) 'kCn dk vFkZ 'kCndks'k esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA 'kCn dk vFkZ fuf'pr gksrk gS] ijarq
in cuus ij mldk vFkZ izlaxkuqowQy o iz;ksx ij vk/kfjr gks tkrk gSA vFkkZr okD;
esa vkdj 'kCn viuk vFkZ Lo;a fu/kZfjr ugha dj ldrk] og vkSj 'kCnksa ij fuHkZj gks
tkrk gSA tSlsµ
(1) feRry lh/k O;kikjh gSA (2) lh/s&lh/s pyksA
izFke okD; esa ^lh/k* LoHkko gS] rks nwljs esa ^lh/s* dk vFkZ ^jkLrs* ls gS vr% in
viuk vFkZ okD; esa iz;qDr gksus ij nsrs gSaA
(?k) ;gk¡ ,d ckr è;ku j[kus ;ksX; ;g gS fd in cuus ij osQoy fodkjh (laKk] loZuke]
fo'ks"k.k o fØ;k) 'kCnksa esa gh ifjorZu gksrk gSA vfodkjh (fØ;k fo'ks"k.k] laca/cks/d]
leqPp;cksèkd] foLe;kfncks/d) 'kCnksa osQ :i esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha gksrkA tSlsµ
laKk µ yM+dk] yM+osQ] yM+dh loZuke µ eSa] eq>s] esjk] eq>dks
fo'ks"k.k µ cqjk] cqjh] cqjs fØ;k µ py] pyks] pyuk] pyrk
varj dks tkfu,µ
'kCn in
1- o.kks± ls 'kCn curs gSaA 'kCnksa osQ in curs gSaA
in vU; 'kCnksa osQ lkFk gh iz;qDr gksrs gSaA in vosQys
2- 'kCn Lora=k :i esa vkrs gSaA
ugha vk ldrsA budk Lora=k iz;ksx ugha gksrkA
,d 'kCn esa izR;; tksM+dj vusd 'kCn cuk, tk ldrs
3- 'kCn dk ewy Lo:i dk;e jgrk gSA
gSaA tSlsµ [kk] [kkuk] [kk;k] [kkdj] [kk, vkfnA
okD; esa izlaxkuqlkj ,d gh 'kCn osQ vusd vFkZ gks ldrs
4- 'kCn dk ewy vFkZ ,d gksrk gSA
gSaA tSlsµ dj] er] ty vkfnA
5- 'kCn osQ lkFk O;kdj.k osQ fu;e ugha in osQ lkFk O;kdj.k osQ vusd fu;e tqM+ tkrs gSa tSls
tqM+rsA okD; esa cPps&laKk] tkfrokpd cgqopu vkfnA
4
 vH;kl
1- 'kCn vkSj in esa D;k varj gS\ mnkgj.k lfgr le>kb,A
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2- 'kCn fdu fLFkfr;ksa esa in cu tkrk gS\

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5
 'kCn&fopkj
O;qRifRr osQ vk/kj ij 'kCn&Hksn
O;qRifRr dk vFkZ gSµcukoV vFkok jpukA bl vk/kj ij 'kCnksa osQ rhu Hksn fd, x, gSaµ:<+]
;kSfxd vkSj ;ksx:<+A
d- :<+µ ftu 'kCnksa dk vFkZ rks fuf'pr gksrk gS] ysfdu mudk [kaM djus ij dksbZ vFkZ ugha
fudyrk] mUgsa :<+ 'kCn dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ ty vFkok deyA bu 'kCnksa osQ ;fn [kaM fd, tk,¡
rks dksbZ Hkh vFkZ izkIr ugha gksrkA bu [kaMksa esa t] y dk vFkok d] e] y dk vyx ls dksbZ
vFkZ ugha gSA ty vFkok dey esa u rks milxZ gS vkSj u izR;;] budk vFkZ iwoZfu/kZfjr gSA
ty vkSj dey dgrs gh gekjh vk¡[kksa osQ lkeus ikuh vkSj ,d fof'k"V iwQy dk fcac mrj
vkrk gSA bldk vfHkizk; ;g gS fd izR;sd 'kCn dk vFkZ fuf'pr gks tkrk gS vFkok :<+ gks
tkrk gSA
[k- ;kSfxdµ tks 'kCn ,d ls vf/d 'kCnksa vFkok 'kCnka'kksa osQ ;ksx ls cus gksa] mUgsa ;kSfxd 'kCn
dgk tkrk gSA blesa milxZ] izR;; vkfn dk ;ksx jgrk gSA ;kSfxd 'kCn ftu 'kCnksa osQ esy ls
curs gSa mUgsa vyx djus ij Hkh muosQ vFkZ izdV gksrs gSa_ tSlsµ fon~;kFkhZ¾fon~;k$vFkhZ_
jkt$bUnz¾jktsanzA
x- ;ksx:<+µ ;ksx:<+ dk vFkZ gS og 'kCn tks ;kSfxd Hkh gks rFkk :<+ Hkh gks vFkkZr tks 'kCn
;kSfxd gksrs gq, Hkh fdlh fuf'pr vFkZ dks izdV djrk gS rks ml 'kCn dks ;ksx:<+ dgk
tk,xk_ tSlsµ tyt 'kCn nks i`Fkd&i`Fkd 'kCnksa ls feydj cuk gS] ty$t vFkkZr ty esa
tUe ysusokykA vc ty esa rks g”kkjksa oLrq,¡ jg ldrh gSa] ysfdu ^tyt* 'kCn dk vFkZ gSµ
dey dk iwQyA ;kuh tyt 'kCn dk :<+ vFkZ dey gSA fge$vky;¾fgeky;_ fge ls <osQ
rks vusd igkM+ gSa ijarq fgeky; ,ojsLV osQ fy, :<+ gks x;k gSA
O;kdjf.kd vk/kj ij 'kCn&Hksn
Hkk"kk dk lokZf/d egRoiw.kZ vax gS Hkk"kk dk iz;ksxA o.kks± osQ esy ls 'kCn curs gSa vkSj 'kCnksa
dk lkFkZd lewg okD; dgykrk gS] vr% 'kCnksa dks O;kdj.k dh n`f"V ls nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tkrk gSµ
fodkjh 'kCn vkSj vfodkjh 'kCnA
d- fodkjh 'kCnµ fodkjh vFkkZr ftuesa fodkj vk tk,] tks cny tk,A fodkjh 'kCn os 'kCn
gksrs gSa tks ckgjh izHkko ls cny tkrs gSa_ tSlsµ cw<+k ls cq<+kik] cqf<+;k vkfn 'kCn cu ldrs
gSa vFkkZr buesa fodkj vk ldrk gSA ;s pkj gSaµ laKk] loZuke] fØ;k] fo'ks"k.kA iqLrd esa
vU;=k bu ij foLr`r fopkj fd;k tk,xk] ijarq Nk=kksa osQ fgrkFkZ la{ksi esa ;gk¡ o.kZu fd;k tk
jgk gSµ
6
 1- laKk (Noun)µ vFkkZr ukeA fdlh O;fDr] oLrq] LFkku vFkok Hkko osQ uke dks laKk
dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ ekuo fnYyh esa jgrk gSA og dkj ls fon~;ky; tkrk gSA bu okD;ksa
esa ekuo O;fDr dk] fnYyh LFkku dk vkSj dkj oLrq dk uke gSA laKk osQ eq[; :i ls
rhu Hksn gksrs gSaµ O;fDrokpd] tkfrokpd rFkk Hkkookpd laKkA lewgokpd vkSj
nzO;okpd laKk tkfrokpd laKk osQ gh Hksn gSaA
2- loZuke (Pronoun)µ vFkkZr lcdk ukeA tc laKk osQ LFkku ij laKk osQ fy, gh fdlh
vkSj 'kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks mls loZuke dgrs gSa_ tSls mi;qZDr okD; esa og
'kCn ekuo osQ fy, vk;k gS vFkkZr og osQ LFkku ij ekuo Hkh fy[kk tk ldrk Fkk]
vr% laKk ekuo osQ LFkku ij vkus osQ dkj.k bls loZuke dgrs gSaA blosQ Ng Hksn gksrs
gSaµ iq#"kokpd] fu'p;okpd] vfu'p;okpd] iz'uokpd] laca/okpd rFkk
futokpd loZukeA
3- fØ;k (Verb)µ vFkkZr dke dk lwpdA ftl 'kCn ls fdlh dke dk djuk ;k gksuk
irk pys] mls fØ;k dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ mi;qZDr okD; esa jgrk gS] tkrk gSµls fdlh dke
dk gksuk irk py jgk gS] vr% ;s fØ;k 'kCn gSaA blosQ eq[; :i ls Ng Hksn gksrs gSaµ
vdeZd] ldeZd] izsj.kkFkZd] uke/krq] n~fodeZd rFkk la;qDr fØ;kA
4- fo'ks"k.k (Adjective)µ vFkkZr fo'ks"krk crkusokykA ftl 'kCn ls laKk ;k loZuke 'kCn
dh fo'ks"krk dk irk pyrk gS] mls fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ lehj xksjk] yack vkSj
lqanj cPpk gSA bl okD; esa lehj vkSj cPpk laKk 'kCn gSa vkSj xksjk] yack] lqanj 'kCnksa
osQ n~okjk mldh fo'ks"krk dk irk py jgk gS] vr% bu 'kCnksa dks fo'ks"k.k dgk tk,xkA
blosQ eq[; :i ls pkj Hksn gksrs gSaµ xq.kokpd] la[;kokpd] ifjek.kokpd vkSj
lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kA
[k- vfodkjh 'kCnµ vfodkj vFkkZr fodkj jfgr] ifjorZu jfgrA ,sls 'kCn ftuesa dksbZ Hkh cnyko
ugha vkrk vkSj tks izR;sd n'kk esa ,d tSls jgrs gSa] mUgsa vfodkjh 'kCn dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
èkhjs&èkhjs 'kCn fØ;kfo'ks"k.k gS vkSj bldks /h:&/h: ;k /hjk&/hjk ugha fy[kk tk ldrkA
;s 'kCn fdlh Hkh fyax ;k opu esa vk,¡] ,d tSls jgsaxsA buesa ifjorZu ugha gks ldrkA budh
la[;k Hkh pkj gSµ fØ;kfo'ks"k.k] laca/cks/d] leqPp;cks/d vkSj foLe;kfncks/dA
1- fØ;kfo'ks"k.k (Adverb)µ fØ;k dh fo'ks"krk crkusokykA tks 'kCn fØ;k dh fo'ks"krk dks
izdV djs vFkkZr fØ;k oSQls dh tk jgh gS ;g crk, mls fØ;kfo'ks"k.k dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
ehuk{kh èkhjs&èkhjs pyrh gSA oSQls pyrh gSµ èkhjs&èkhjsA vr% ;g 'kCn fØ;kfo'ks"k.k gksxkA
blosQ pkj Hksn gksrs gSaµ dkyokpd] jhfrokpd] LFkkuokpd vkSj ifjek.kokpdA
2- laca/cks/d (Post-Position)µ tks laca/ crk,A tks 'kCn laKk ;k loZuke 'kCnksa osQ ckn
vkdj mudk nwljs 'kCnksa ls laca/ Li"V djsa] mUgsa laca/cks/d dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ lhrk jke
7
 osQ fcuk ugha jg ldh] bu okD; esa ^osQ fcuk* 'kCn laca/ LFkkfir dj jgk gS] vr%
lacaèkcks/d gSA
3- leqPp;cks/d (Conjunction)µ tks tksM+sA bUgsa ;kstd Hkh dgrs gSaA ;kstd os 'kCn gksrs
gSa tks nks 'kCnksa] okD;ksa ;k okD;ka'kksa dks vkil esa feykrs gSa_ tSlsµ jke vkSj lhrk ou
esa x,] bl okD; esa ^vkSj* osQ n~okjk jke vkSj lhrk dks feyk;k x;k gSA blosQ nks Hksn
gSaµ lekukf/dj.k vkSj O;f/dj.kA
4- foLe;kfncks/d (Interjection)µ foLe; vkfn Hkkoksa dks izdV djusokysA tks 'kCn
vk'p;Z] foLe;] g"kZ] 'kksd] yTtk] ?k`.kk vkfn euksHkkoksa dks izdV djrs gSa] mUgsa
foLe;kfncks/d 'kCn dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ vkg! fdruk lqgkuk ekSle gSA gk;! mldk
?kksM+k ekjk x;kA
vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij 'kCn&Hksn
oSls rks 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ fuf'pr ekus tkrs gSa ijarq Kkucks/] oDrk] Jksrk vkSj izLrqfrdj.k osQ vk/kj
ij muosQ vFkks± esa i;kZIr varj vk vkrk gSA izk;% ,d 'kCn xq.kksa vkfn osQ vk/kj ij ,d ls vf/d
oLrqvksa osQ fy, iz;ksx esa vk tkrk gS] tSls& gfj Hkxoku dks Hkh dgrs gSa vkSj canj dks HkhA bl
vk/kj ij 'kCnksa osQ ;s Hksn fd, tkrs gSaµ
d- i;kZ;okphµlw;Z&fnudj
[k- foijhrkFkZd vFkok foykse 'kCnµvkfLrdµukfLrd
x- Jqfrle fHkUukFkZd 'kCnµvpkj] vkpkj
?k- ,dkFkZd izrhr gksusokys 'kCnµvL=kµ'kL=k
Ä- vusdkFkZdµvaxµnsg] mik;] Hkkx] Hksn
p- vusd 'kCnksa osQ fy, ,d 'kCnµtks dHkh u ejsµvej
N- 'kCn&;qXeµvukiµ'kuki] jguµlgu
d- i;kZ;okph 'kCn (Synonyms)µ ,d gh vFkZ dks crkusokys vusd 'kCn i;kZ;okph dgykrs
gSa_ tSlsµ vfXu&vkx] ikod] vuy vkfn i;kZ;okph gSaA i;kZ;okph 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx djrs
le; cM+h lko/kuh dh vko';drk gksrh gSA ;g vko';d ugha fd ftl izlax esa ,d 'kCn
fn;k tk jgk gS mlh izlax esa mldk i;kZ;okph Hkh iz;qDr gks_ tSlsµ esjh bPNk gS fd eSa
fons'k tkšA bl okD; esa ;fn bPNk 'kCn dk i;kZ;okph dkeuk iz;ksx fd;k tk, rks vuqfpr
gksxkA i;kZ;okph 'kCn vFkks± esa lekurk fy, gksus osQ ckotwn ,d&nwljs dk LFkku ugha ys ldrsA
izlax osQ vkèkkj ij 'kCnksa osQ vFkZ fuf'pr gksrs gSa_ tSlsµ ty 'kCn ikuh dk i;kZ; gS] ijarq
ty vf/d vknjlwpd gS_ tSlsµ ty ukyh esa ugha cgrk] ukyh esa ikuh cgrk gSA blh izdkj
8
 xaxkty gksrk gS] xaxk&ikuh dk iz;ksx ugha gksrkA i;kZ;okph 'kCnksa osQ ekè;e ls ys[ku&dyk
esa fodkl fd;k tk ldrk gSA ckj&ckj ,d gh 'kCn dk iz;ksx u djosQ 'kCn&oSfHkU;rk ykbZ
tk ldrh gSA

oqQN fo'ks"k oxks± osQ i;kZ;okph 'kCn

1- iQy] iwQy] Üka`xkj laca/h 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph
1- vaxwj µ nzk{kk] nk[k] equDdk
2- lhrkiQy µ dk'khiQy] oqQEgM+k] isBk
3- vke µ vkez] jlky
4- oaQxu µ dM+k] pwM+k] oy;] oaQd.k
5- dj/uh µ dejcan] foaQfd.kh] rxM+h
6- dkty µ dktj] dTty] vatu] lqjek
7- ekyk µ oaQBgkj] gkj] rlchg
8- vkHkw"k.k µ vyadkj] vkHkj.k] xguk] ”ksoj
9- Üka`xkj µ cuko] lt/t] izlk/u
10- ifj/ku µ fyckl] iks'kkd] igukok

2- izo`Qfr ls lacaf/r 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph

1- unh µ lfjrk] rfVuh] fu>Zfj.kh
2- leqnz µ lkxj] tyf/] mnf/] jRukdj
3- isM+ µ o`{k] foVi] r#] nqze] ikni
4- iwQy µ iq"i] lqeu] izlwu] oqQlqe
5- miou µ mn~;ku] okfVdk] ckx] cxhpk
6- ikuh µ ty] uhj] okfj] rks;] i;] vkc
7- rkykc µ rky] lj] ljksoj] rM+kx] tyk'k;
8- ioZr µ igkM+] 'kSy] vpj] fxfj] ux] Hkw/j
9- iRFkj µ miy] ik"kk.k] izLrj] v'e
10- ckny µ es?k] ty/j] i;ks/j] uhjn] ?ku
11- pk¡n µ fgeka'kq] fo/q] lkse] 'kf'k
12- lwjt µ lw;Z] Hkkuq] jfo] fnus'k] fnudj
9
13- dey µ tyt] iadt] vjfoan] jktho] uhjt
14- vkdk'k µ uHk] xxu] vacj] vkleku
15- fdj.k µ ekjhfp] dj] e;w[k] va'kq] jf'e
16- gok µ ok;q] lehj] iou] vfuy
17- fdukjk µ owQy] rV] dxkj] rhj
18- fnu µ fnol] vgku] oklj] okj
19- i`Foh µ Hkwfe] vofu] vpyk] olq/k] /jrh
20- jkr µ jkf=k] ;kfeuh] fu'kk] jtuh] jkdk
21- izHkkr µ Hkksj] rM+dk] losjk] izkr%dky] lqcg
22- fgeky; µ fgeoku] fgekpy] fxjhanz] uxifr
23- oqQvk¡ µ owQi] tyowQi
24- o"kkZ µ esg] o`f"V] ikol] ckfj'k
25- rkjk µ u[kr] u{k=k] rkfjdk] rkjd
26- iRrk µ i=k] i.kZ] ikr] ny
27- vkx µ ikod] vuy] vfXu
28- dyh µ dfydk] eqoqQy] ia[kqM+h] xqapk
29- >juk µ izikr] lksrk] lzksr
30- fctyh µ rfM+r] piyk] fon~;qr] paapyk] nkfeuh

3- f'k{kk laca/h 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph

1- vè;kid µ f'k{kd] xq#] vkpk;Z] mikè;k;] mLrkn
2- vè;kiu µ f'k{k.k] mins'ku] ikBu
3- ikB'kkyk µ fon~;ky;] enjlk] f'k{kky;] fon~;kihB
4- vè;k; µ dkaM] ikB] izdj.k] [kaM] lksiku
5- fon~;kFkhZ µ Nk=k] f'k{kkFkhZ] ftKklq
6- fon~;k µ f'k{kk] i<+kbZ] Kku] cks/
7- iqLrd µ xzaFk] iksFkh] fdrkc] iqfLrdk
8- iqLrdky;µ xzaFkky;] xzaFkkxkj] oqQrqc[kkuk] ykbczsjh
9- iqfLrdk µ y?kq iqLrd] xazfFkdk] fdrkc
10- vè;;u µ i<+kbZ] vuq'khyu] iBu&ikBu
10
 4- ekuo osQ vax laca/h 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph
1- v/j µ gksaB] vks"B] yc
2- diky µ [kksiM+h] eqaM] ekFkk] yykV
3- oaQ/k µ 'kkuk] [kok] LoaQ/] Hkqtewy
4- xky µ diksy] vkfjt] #[klkj
5- eq¡g µ eq[k] psgjk] eq[kM+k] lwjr
6- isV µ vkek'k;] tBj] gey
7- vk¡[k µ us=k] u;u] p{kq] ykspu] n`x
8- gkFk µ dj] gLr] ikf.k
9- dku µ d.kZ] Jks=k] Jqr/j
10- 'kjhj µ vax] dk;k] xkr] ruq] nsg
11- dej µ dfV] yad] dfVHkkx
12- thHk µ ftg~ok] jluk] ”kcku
13- fny µ mj] dystk] ân;
14- cky µ osQ'k] dp] oqaQry] pwM+k] pwy

5- dyk vkSj lkSan;Z laca/h 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph

1- vfHku; µ izLrqfr] Lokax] ukVd
2- vfHkusrk µ dykdkj] uk;d] ik=k] jaxdehZ
3- uk;d µ vxqok] iz/ku] eqf[k;k] vxz.kh
4- dykdkj µ dykoar] f'kYih] i+Qudkj] dkjhxj
5- dfo µ dkO;dkj] dkO;iz.ksrk
6- dkO; µ dfork] u”e] 'kk;jh] okÄ~e;]
7- xk;d µ xoS;k] xkusokyk] laxhrK
8- egfi+Qy µ lHkk] tylk] etfyl
9- tksdj µ Hkk¡M+] fonw"kd] el[kjk
10- dyk µ dkS'ky] i+Qu] gquj
11- vuqie µ viwoZ] vuks[kk] vn~Hkqr] vuwBk
12- jax'kkyk µ izs{kkxkj] ukV~;x`g] vfHku;'kkyk
11
 6- i'kq&i{kh@tho&tarq laca/h 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph
1- i'kq µ tkuoj] pkSik;k] Maxj] <ksj] eos'kh
2- eksj µ osQdh] uhyoaQB] e;wj] f'k[kh] lkjax
3- i{kh µ [kx] [kspj] irax] fogx] i[ks:
4- edM+h µ edjh] ywrk] Å.kZukHk
5- eNyh µ eRL;] edj] >[k
6- Hkkyw µ ½{k] jhN] Hkkyqd
7- HkkSajk µ Hkzej] e/qdj] vfy] fefyan
8- v'o µ ?kksM+k] rqjax] gfj] g;] ?kksVd
9- 'ksj µ flag] oujkt] osQljh] e`xjkt
10- lk¡i µ O;ky] Hkqtax] fo"k/j] ukx] vfg
11- gkFkh µ ukx] oqaQtj] n~foi] gLrh] xt] erax
12- dcwrj µ diksr] ikjkor] ijsok
13- xk; µ xÅ] xkS] /suq] xS;k
14- x/k µ jklHk] [kksrk] xnZHk] [kj
15- oqQRrk µ oqQDoqQj] 'oku] lkjes;
16- dkSvk µ dkd] dkx] ,dk{k] ok;l

7- /eZ] nsoh&nsork laca/h 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph

1- jko.k µ n'kkuu] yaosQ'k] n'keq[k
2- vlqj µ nuqt] nkuo] nSR;] jk{kl] fu'kkpj
3- banz µ lqjs'k] egs'k] nsosanz] egsanz
4- bZ'oj µ izHkq] Hkxoku] ijekRek] ijes'oj
5- dkenso µ enu] jfrifr] vuax] dke
6- xaxk µ HkkxhjFkh] nsounh] eankfduh
7- x.ks'k µ yacksnj] fouk;d] x.kifr] xtkuu
8- ;equk µ dkfyanh] jfolqrk] ';kek] jfouafnuh
9- ikoZrh µ f'kok] mek] Hkokuh] vafcdk] fxfjtk
10- egknso µ f'ko] 'kadj] uhyoaQB] egs'oj
11- fo".kq µ nkeksnj] tuknZu] prqHkqZt] â"khosQ'k
12
12- ljLorh µ fxjk] ok.kh] Hkkjrh] 'kkjnk
13- czg~ek µ fof/] fo/krk] iztkifr] prqjkuu
14- nqxkZ µ djkyh] LoaQnekrk] xkSjh] f'kok
15- dkyh µ dikfyuh] dkR;kf;uh] Hkokuh
16- o`Q".k µ ';ke] uanyky] osQ'ko] fxfj/j
17- vIljk µ nsokaxuk] lqjckyk] fnO;kaxuk
18- oqQcsj µ /us'k] ;{kjkt] /us'oj] /uiky
8- voLFkk] Hkko] fLFkfr laca/h 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph
1- vkuan µ vkeksn] izeksn] g"kZ] mYykl] izlUurk
2- bPNk µ vfHkyk"kk] vkdka{kk] euksjFk] ykylk] dkeuk
3- mUufr µ mRFkku] fodkl] izxfr] vH;qn;
4- nqtZu µ nq"V] [ky] v/e] uhp
5- prqj µ iVq] l;kuk] oqQ'ky] n{k
6- nq[k µ rdyhi+Q] d"V] 'kksd] O;Fkk] osnuk] ihM+k
7- e`R;q µ fu/u] ej.k] ekSr] nsgkolku
8- eks{k µ eqfDr] ijein] oSQoY;] fuokZ.k] ije/ke
9- ujd µ ;eiqj] ;eky;] ;eyksd
10- LoxZ µ nsoyksd] banzyksd] lqjyksd
11- 'kksHkk µ dkafr] NVk] izHkk] n~;qfr] lq"kek] foHkk
12- lqanj µ [kwclwjr] pk#] euksgj] yfyr
13- izse µ I;kj] izhfr] eqgCcr] usg] vuqjfDr] iz.k;
14- g¡lh µ eqldku] fLefr] gkL;
15- Mj µ Hk;] vk'kadk] Hkhfr] =kkl] [kkSI+kQ
16- vknj µ eku] lEeku] b””kr] izfr"Bk] leknj] xkSjo
17- Lora=k µ eqDr] LoPNan] vk”kkn] [kqyk
18- ekSu µ pqi] 'kkar] [kkeks'k
19- eksg µ eeRo]ek;k] eerk
20- LoLFk µ uhjksx] ranq#Lr] Hkyk] paxk
21- eS=kh µ nksLrh] lkSgknZ] fe=krk] ;kjh
22- jksxh µ vLoLFk] chekj] #X.k
13
23- 'keZ µ ykt] yTtk] ladksp] g;k
24- xqLlk µ ozQks/] dksi] jks"k
25- cpiu µ ckY;koLFkk] yM+diu] cpiuk
26- gkj µ ijkt;] ijkHko] f'kdLr] ekr
27- midkj µ Hkyk] eaxy] dY;k.k] fgr
28- fgEer µ lkgl] mRlkg] fnysjh
Li'kZ µ Hkkx&1 osQ izR;sd ikB esa fufgr i;kZ;okph fuEuor fn, tk jgs gSµ
a
xn~; ikB
ikB&1 µ /wy (ys[kd µ jkefoykl 'kekZ)
1- u;u µ us=k] vk¡[ksa] ykspu] n`x
2- f'k'kq µ cPpk] ckyd
3- /wy µ xnZ] [kkd
4- eq¡g µ eq[k] onu
5- vkleku µ vkdk'k] 'kwU;] vacj
6- feV~Vh µ ekVh] e`fRrdk
7- nsg µ 'kjhj] dk;k] oiq
8- lalkj µ nqfu;k] tx] txr
9- thou µ psruk] izk.k] ty] ftanxh
10- pk¡n µ 'kf'k] jkdk] jtuhifr] 'k'kkad
11- lw;Z µ fnokdj] ekr±M] fnudj] jfo
12- Lusg µ izse] okRlY;] I;kj
13- uohu µ u;k] uo] uwru] vokZphu
14- 'osr µ /oy] li+sQn] LoPN
15- gkFk µ gfLr] gLr] dj
16- iSj µ in] pj.k] ix
17- fnu µ fnol] okj] vgku] oklj
18- dfu;k µ xksn] vad
19- foMacuk µ Nyuk] folaxfr
20- ilhuk µ Losn]
14
 ikB&2 µ nq[k dk vf/dkj (ys[kd µ ;'kiky)
1- euq"; µ ekuo] vkneh] iq#"k
2- ok;q µ iou] lehj] gok
3- ck”kkj µ gkV] gfV;k
4- cqf<+;k µ o`n~/k] cw<+h
5- mez µ voLFkk] o;
6- vkSjr µ efgyk] ukjh
7- diM+k µ oL=k] vacj] iV
8- vk¡lw µ vJq] ykspukEcq
9- vk¡[ksa µ vf{k] p{kq] ykspu] n`x
10- cq[kkj µ Toj] rki
11- jkLrk µ iFk] ekxZ] ckV] ex
12- bZeku µ lPpkbZ] lR;fu"Bk] fo'okl
13- cnu µ ruq] dk;k] 'kjhj
14- vank”kk µ vuqeku] vVdy] dYiuk
15- cspSuh µ ijs'kkuh] O;koqQyrk] ?kcjkgV
16- xe µ nq%[k] 'kksd] ihM+k
17- n”kkZ µ LFkku] Lrj] Js.kh
18- ”kehu µ /jrh] i`Foh] /jk
19- ”kekuk µ le;] ;qx] vjlk] vof/] dky
20- cjdr µ o`n~f/] c<+ksRrjh] izpqjrk] ykHk] lkSHkkX;] i+Qk;nk
ikB&3 µ ,ojsLV % esjh f'k[kj ;k=kk (ys[kd µ cpsanzh iky)
1- µ vkxs] vkxkeh] is'kxh
2- ny µ >qaM] x.k] o`an] lewg] laxBu
3- uxj µ 'kgj] flVh
4- èot µ irkdk] osQrq] >aMk
5- gok µ iou] ok;q] lehj
6- ci+ZQ µ fge] ikyk
7- jkLrk µ ekxZ] ckV] iaFk
8- ioZr µ igkM+] ux] fxfj] ikjn
15
 9- dksf'k'k µ iz;Ru] iz;kl
10- nksigj µ eè;kg~u] eè;fnol
11- ekrk µ tuuh] vack] ek¡] tUenk=kh
12- firk µ tud] cki] tUenkrk
13- e`R;q µ ekSr] dky] nsgkolku] fu/u
14- /jkry µ /jk] lrg] Hkwry
15- oaQ/k µ va'k] oaQ/j] dk¡/
16- f'k[kj µ pksVh] Ja`x
17- flag µ osQgfj] O;k?kz] 'kknwZy] 'ksj
18- rEcw µ forku] lk;k] p¡nksok
19- dk;Z µ dkt] dke
20- lqcg µ Hkksj] izkr%dky
21- µ jkdk] jtuh] fu'kk
22- 'kwU; µ vkdk'k] vkleku] vacj
23- ns'k µ eqYd] oru
24- vuwBh µ vn~forh;] vuks[kk] vuqie
ikB&4 µ rqe dc tkvksxs] vfrfFk (ys[kd µ 'kjn tks'kh)
1- fnol µ okj] fnu] okl] fnok
2- rkjh[k µ frfFk] fnukad
3- vfrfFk µ esgeku] vH;kxr] ikgqu
4- pk¡n µ 'kf'k] jtuhifr] lq/kdj
5- pj.k µ in] ik¡o] iSj
6- dey µ tyt] iadt] ljkst
7- i`Foh µ /jk] olaq/jk] vpyk] esfnuh
8- vk'kk µ mEehn] fo'okl] bPNk
9- f”kØ µ ppkZ] o.kZu] mYys[k] izlax
10- vk?kkr µ pksV] /Ddk] izgkj] foifRr
11- mQ"ek µ xjeh] rki] mQtkZ] Hkki
16
12- varjax µ ?kfu"B] xgjk] vkReh; laca/
13- jk{kl µ nSR;] fu'kkpj] nkuo] jtuhpj
14- nsork µ vej] vtj] bZ'oj] ijekRek] [kqnk
15- iRuh µ Hkk;kZ] dkark] v/k±fxuh
16- laØe.k µ egkekjh] NqvkNwr] iSQyko
17- miokl µ ozr] HkkstuR;kx
18- fdj.k µ jf'e] va'kq] dj
ikB&5 µ dhpM+ dk dkO; (ys[kd µ dkdk dkysydj)
1- mRrj µ ,d fn'kk] ”kokc] gy
2- iwoZ µ ,d fn'kk] igys
3- tyk'k; µ rkykc] iks[kj] rMkx
4- dhpM+ µ dnZe] iad]
5- 'kjhj µ ru] dk;k] oiq] nsg
6- nhoky µ fHkfRr] nhokj] Hkhr
7- unh µ lfjrk] rfVuh] rjafxuh
8- fdukjk µ rV] owQy] dNkj
9- i`"B µ ihNs] fiNyk] iUuk
10- dkjok¡ µ dkfi+Qyk] lewg] ny] O;kikfj;ksa dk >qaM
11- 'kksHkk µ lqanjrk] dkafr] vkHkk
12- gkFkh µ oaqQtj] gLrh] xt
13- oklqnso µ Jho`Q".k] xksfoan] ek/o
14- iRFkj µ ik"kk.k] v'e] ikgu
15- fla/q µ jRukdj] leqnz] mnf/
16- eneLr µ erokyk] eLr
17- Hkkl µ izrhr] vkHkkl] dYiuk] ped
18- o`fRr µ rjhdk] <ax] LoHkko
19- iadt µ ljkst] vacqt] tyt] okfjt
20- vkdk'k µ varfj{k] 'kwU;] vkleku] vacj
21- vkd"kZ.k µ laqnj] jkspd
17
 ikB&7 µ /eZ dh vkM+ (ys[kd µ x.ks'k'kadj fon~;kFkhZ)
1- ew[kZ µ 'kB] tM+] vKku] fucqZn~f/
2- pkykd µ piy] prqj] cqn~f/eku
3- xjhc µ nhu] vafdpu] fu/Zu
4- /u µ foRr] laifRr] laink] #i;k] iSlk
5- izk.k µ thou] ] thouh'kfDr
6- Lok/hurk µ Lora=krk] vk”kknh
7- laxzke µ ;qn~/] yM+kbZ] lej] j.k] tax
8- ifo=k µ ikou] ikd
9- i'kq µ tkuoj] pkSik;k
ikB&8 µ 'kqØrkjs osQ leku (ys[kd µ Lokeh vkuan)
1- egknso µ uhyoaQB] 'kadj] HkksysukFk] dkefjiq
2- okfjl µ mRrjkf/dkjh] gdnkj
3- eqdke µ y{;] Bgjko
4- rkyhe µ f'k{kk] lh[k] lcd] mins'k
5- ftxjh µ ?kfu"B] xgjk
6- :c: µ izR;{k] vkeus&lkeus
7- fxjÝ+rkj µ oSQn] canh] c¡/k gqvk
8- dgj µ vki+Qr] eqlhcr] ”kqYe
9- ges'kk µ lnSo] 'kk'or
10- xaxk µ HkkxhjFkh] lqjlfj] nsounh
11- ;equk µ jforu;k] jfolqrk] dkfyanh] vdtkZ] o`Q".kk
in~; ikB
ikB&9 µ jSnkl osQ in
1- nhid µ nhi] nh;k] nhok] fpjkx
2- ?ku µ ckny] tyn] es?k] okfjn
3- eksj µ f'k[kh] lkjax] e;wj
4- Lokeh µ ukFk] ekfyd] Hkjrkj
5-
6- xksfoan µ gfjthmQ] Lokeh] bZ'oj
18
 ikB&10 µ jghe osQ nksgs
1- jghe µ jge djus okyk] n;kyq] o`Qikyq
2- izse µ Lusg] I;kj okRlY;] vuqjkx] usg
3- xk¡B µ xazfFk] ca/u] fxjg
4- O;Fkk µ ihM+k] nq[k] d"V] Dys'k
5- ewy µ tM+] cqfu;kn
6- ujs'k µ jktk] i`Foh'k] f{krh'k] u`i
7- iad µ dhpM+] dnZe] ifj{kk
8- mnf/ µ leqnz] lkxj] tyf/] jRukdj
9- e`x µ fgju] gfju
10- nw/ µ xksjl] nqX/] i;] ve`r
11- rjokfj µ ryokj] vfl] [kM~x
12- tyt µ iadt] in~e] ljkst] ljh:g] 'krny
13- jfo µ lw;Z] Hkkuq] HkkLdj] fnokdj
14- ikuh µ ty] uhj] rks;] lfyy] vkc
ikB&11 µ vknehukek (ys[kd µ u”khj vdcjkcknh)
1- nqfu;k µ tx] lalkj] txr] fo'o
2- ckn'kkg µ lezkV] jktk
3- xnk µ fHk[kkjh] jad] fHk{kqd
4- twrk µ mikug
5- rsx µ ryokj] vfl
6- u”khj µ felky] uewuk] ,d dfo
ikB&12 µ ,d iwQy dh pkg (ys[kd µ fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr)
1- iwQy µ izlwu] iq"i] oqQlqe
2- pkg µ dkeuk] bPNk] vfHkyk"kk
3- egkekjh µ laØe.k] dksjksuk tSlh egkekjh] NqvkNwr
4- ruq µ 'kjhj] dk;k] nsg] xkr
5- va/dkj µ rel] v¡/sjk] re] dkfyek
6- 'kSy µ ioZr] ux] igkM+ Hkw/j
19
 7- f'k[kj µ pksVh] J`ax
8- eafnj µ nsoky;] nsoLFkku
9- ifj/ku µ oL=k] iV] diM+k] phj] olu
10- ek¡ µ vack] ekrk] tuuh
11- naM µ l”kk] tqjekuk
12- ca/q µ HkkbZ] Hkzkr] lgksnj] rkr
13- Toj µ cq[kkj] rki
14- nsoh µ ekrk] 'kfDrLo:ik] vack] Hkokuh
15- laè;k µ lk¡>] lk;adky] xks/wfycsyk] 'kke
16- e/qj µ ehBk] Lusg] 'kkar
17- dy"kq µ iki] dkfyek
18- 'kh'k µ flj] lj] eLrd] [kksiM+h
19- ej?kV µ 'e'kku ?kkV] nsgkolkuLFky
ikB&14 µ vfXuiFk (ys[kd µ gfjoa'kjk; cPpu)
1- o`{k µ ikni] isM+] r:] xkN
2- i=k µ iRrk] fpV~Bh] [kr
3- vfXu µ vuy] gqrk'ku] og~fu] ikod
4- jDr µ [kwu] thoujl] ygw] #f/j
5- Losn µ ilhuk] JeJq
6- iFk µ jkLrk] ex] ckV] ekxZ
ikB&15 µ • u;s bykosQ esa] • [kw'kcw jprs gSa gkFk
(ys[kd µ v#.k dey)
1- edku µ lnu] xsg] fuosQru] vky;
2- Le`fr µ ;knnk'r] Lej.k'kfDr] ;kkn
3- eqYd µ ns'k] oru] ekr`Hkwfe
4- e'kgwj µ izfln~/] iz[;kr] fo[;kr
5- t[e µ ?kko] pksV
6- vdlj µ izk;%] cgq/k
20
[k- foijhrkFkZd 'kCn (Antonyms)µ foykse dk vFkZ gksrk gS myVk ;k foijhrA foijhrkFkZd
'kCnksa dks djokrs gq, ;g è;ku j[ksa fd vFkZ dk vk/kj rks eq[; gksrk gS_ lkFk gh rRle&rn~Hko
dks Hkh ns[ksa vFkkZr 'khr 'kCn dk vFkZ BaMk gksuk gS] ijarq 'khr dk foykse bl vk/kj ij
xje ;k xjeh ugha gksxk vfirq m".k gksxk D;ksafd nksuksa gh rRle 'kCn gSaA blh izdkj mn;
dk fNiuk ugha gks ldrkA blosQ led{k vLr gh gksxkA iafMr dk ikxy u gksdj ew[kZ gksxkA
vr% Nk=kksa dks bldk Kku Hkyh&Hkk¡fr djk nsuk pkfg, fd rRle dk foykse 'kCn rRle vkSj
rn~Hko dk foykse 'kCn rn~Hko gh gksxkA
'kCn foykse 'kCn foykse 'kCn foykse
1- vdeZd ldeZd 23- dksey dBksj 45- gkL; #nu
2- vfro`f"V vuko`f"V 24- LoxZ ujd 46- doZQ'k e/qj] dksey
3- g"kZ 'kksd 25- xq.k nks"k 47- nqxZe lqxe
4- vuqowQy izfrowQy 26- xqIr izdV 48- oqQfVy ljy
5- viuk ijk;k 27- gkj thr 49- [kaMu eaMu
6- vYi izpqj 28- vf/d U;wu 50- LokHkkfod vLokHkkfod
7- viO;; ferO;; 29- vukFk lukFk 51- xjeh ljnh
8- vknj fujknj 30- vuqt vxzt 52- gydk Hkkjh
9- vfuok;Z ,sfPNd 31- ve`r fo"k 53- ?k`.kk izse
10- vk;kr fu;kZr 32- 'kkafr v'kkafr 54- tUe e`R;q
11- vkg~oku foltZu 33- vuqjkx fojkx 55- t; ijkt;
12- lkFkZd fujFkZd 34- vkdk'k ikrky 56- thfor e`r
13- fgr vfgr 35- vkfn var 57- T;s"B dfu"B
14- vk'kk fujk'kk 36- vkjksg vojksg 58- tkxzr lqIr
15- vkfLrd ukfLrd 37- vkxs ihNs 59- lqefr oqQefr
16- b"V vfu"V 38- vkpkj vukpkj 60- /hj papy
17- mRrjk;.k nf{k.kk;u 39- vkKk voKk 61- fuHkZ; Hkh#
18- mRFkku iru 40- vknku iznku 62- uwru iqjkru
19- midkj vidkj 41- mPp fuEu 63- fuank Lrqfr
20- ,s'o;Z vuS'o;Z 42- mRrh.kZ vuqRrh.kZ 64- fuf'pr vfuf'pr
21- ozQ; foozQ; 43- mnkj vuqnkj 65- ikyu mYya?ku
22- o`QrK o`Qr?u 44- ,d vusd 66- iwokZ/Z mRrjk/Z
21
 'kCn foykse 'kCn foykse 'kCn foykse
67- izdk'k va/dkj 82- py vpy 97- lH; vlH;
68- ljl uhjl 83- thou ej.k 98- 'kkar v'kkar
69- f'k"V vf'k"V 84- Kku vKku 99- 'kki ojnku
70- i{k foi{k 85- l`f"V izy; 100- 'kq"d vknzZ
71- LoPN efyu 86- nq[k lq[k 101- 'kqHk v'kqHk
72- izlUu #"V 87- /uh fu/Zu 102- lnkpkj nqjkpkj
73- izR;{k ijks{k 88- uohu izkphu 103- lcy fucZy
74- iz'kalk fuank 89- ykHk gkfu 104- la;ksx fo;ksx
75- ca/u eqfDr] eks{k 90- oknh izfroknh 105- laiUu foiUu
76- cky o`n~/ 91- lqxa/ nqx±/ 106- lTtu nqtZu
77- ckgj Hkhrj 92- 'kqDy o`Q".k 107- loZnk ;nkdnk
78- e/qj dVq 93- 'k=kq fe=k 108- l'kDr v'kDr
79- fLFkj vfLFkj 94- 'kwj dk;j 109- LoLFk vLoLFk
80- ;'k vi;'k 95- Lons'k fons'k 110- jkx n~os"k
81- Lora=k ijra=k 96- 'osr ';ke
Li'kZ µ Hkkx&1 osQ izR;sd ikB esa fufgr foykse 'kCn fuEuor~ fn, tk jgs gSµ
a
xn~; ikB
ikB&1 µ /wy 10- izokl okl 7- lkgl nqLlkgl
'kCn foykse 11- uohu izkphu 8- fo;ksx la;ksx
1- ilan ukialn 12- vuko';d vko';d 9- 'kksd 'kksdghu
2- udyh vlyh ikB&2 µ nq[k dk vf/dkj 10- nzo Bksl
3- egRo egRoghu 'kCn foykse ikB&3 µ ,ojsLV % esjh
4- nqHkkZX; lkSHkkX; 1- vM+pu lqxe f'k[kj ;k=kk
5- nqyZHk lqyHk 2- fcØh [kjhn 'kCn foykse
6- laHko vlaHko 3- lehi nwj 1- izFke var
7- lw;kZLr lw;ksZn; 4- /eZ v/eZ 2- dfBure ljyre
8- lkdkj fujkdkj 5- bZeku csbZeku 3- e`R;q thou
9- 'kgj xk¡o 6- v¡/sjk mtkyk 4- Li"V vLi"V
22
 5- Lohdkj vLohdkj 11- fueZwy ewy 9- ukfLrd vkfLrd
6- o`QrK o`Qr?u 12- vn`'; n`'; 10- yk etgc etgc
7- vfu;fer fu;fer 13- gYdh Hkkjh 11- lq[k nq[k
8- vfuf'pr fuf'pr 14- ifjfpr vifjfpr 12- lnkpkj nqjkpkj
9- vkjksgh vojksgh 15- nsork jk{kl 13- vifo=k ifo=k
10- vLFkkbZ LFkkbZ 16- lqjf{kr vlqjf{kr 14- lqxe nqxZe
11- igyk vkf[kjh ikB&5 µ dhpM+ dk dkO; ikB&8 µ 'kqØrkjs osQ leku
12- xje BaMk 'kCn foykse 'kCn foykse
13- miyC/ vuqiyC/ 1- vkd"kZd vukd"kZd@ 1- leku vleku
14- jkf=k fnol fod"kZd 2- izdkf'kr vizdkf'kr
15- vkjksg.k vojksg.k 2- 'osr ';ke 3- lqcg 'kke
16- larqyu vlarqyu 3- mRrj nf{k.k@iz'u@ 4- vn`'; n`';
17- n`';rk vn`';rk vuqRrj 5- lR; vlR;
18- vuqowQy izfrowQy 4- i`Foh vkdk'k 6- vuk;kl vk;kl
19- laqnj vlqanj 5- xank lki+Q 7- leFkZ vleFkZ
20- fo[;kr lk/kj.k 6- rVLFk i{kikrh dkO;[kaM ls foykse 'kCn
ikB&4 µ rqe dc tkvksxs] 7- lery vlery 'kCn foykse
vfrfFk 8- r`fIr vr`fIr 1- Lokeh lsod
'kCn foykse 9- tkxzr lqlqIr 2- izse ?k`.kk
1- fuLladksp ladksplfgr 10- frjLdkj lEeku 3- ujs'k jad
2- Kkr vKkr ikB&7 µ /eZ dh vkM+ 4- cM+kbZ fuank
3- mPp fuEu 'kCn foykse 5- ckn'kkg jad
4- mRlkg grksRlkg@ 1- /eZ v/eZ 6- va/dkj izdk'k
vuqRlkg 2- lk/kj.k vlk/kj.k 7- Loho`Qr vLoho`Qr
5- vk'kk fujk'kk 3- nq#i;ksx lnqi;ksx 8- vuqt vxzt
6- vkxzg vukxzg 4- vfu;af=kr fu;af=kr 9- foJkar vfoJkar
7- lqyHk nqyZHk 5- Lok/hurk ij/hurk 10- dksey dBksj
8- jk{kl nsork 6- fuLlansg lansg;qDr 11- vafre izkjaHk
9- fo'okl vfo'okl 7- laxzke laf/ 12- o`Q'k vo`Q'k
10- vukSipkfjd vkSipkfjd 8- mnkj vuqnkj
23
x- Jqfrle fHkUukFkZd 'kCn (Homophones)µ cgqr&ls 'kCn ,d&vk/ v{kj ;k ek=kk osQ
i+QoZQ osQ ckotwn lquus esa ,d&ls yxrs gSa] foaQrq muosQ vFkZ esa dki+Qh varj jgrk gSA ,sls 'kCnksa dks
Jqfrle (lquus esa ,d&tSls yxusokys) fHkUukFkZd (foaQr vFkZ esa fHkUurk j[kusokys) dgk tkrk
gSA uhps mnkgj.k Lo:i oqQN ,sls 'kCn fn, tk jgs gSaµ
1- vuyµvkx 14- o`Qrµfd;k gqvk 27- tjkµo`n~/koLFkk
vfuyµgok ozQhrµ[kjhnk gqvk ”kjkµFkksM+k
2- vis{kkµbPNk 15- ozQeµflyflyk 28- tcµftl le;
mis{kkµvuknj deZµdk;Z toµosx] tkS
3- vuqµihNs 16- o`Qfrµdk;Z] jpuk 29- gj.khµgjuh (eknk fgj.k)
v.kqµd.k o`QrhµvkKkdkjh gjf.kµlw;Z
4- vof/µfuf'pr le; 17- oqQyµlc]oa'k 30- fnuµfnol
vo/hµvo/ Hkk"kk owQyµfdukjk nhuµnfjnz
5- vè;Zµiwtuh; 18- dfyµdfy;qx 31- nwrµlaoknokgd
v/Zµvk/k dyhµv/f[kyk iwQy n~;wrµtqvk
6- gkjµijkt; 19- d'kµpkcqd 32- n~foiµgkFkh
gkM+µgM~Mh
d"kµdlkSVh n~ohiµVkiw
7- vklUuµfudV
20- oaQxkyµfHk[kkjh 33- nkoµtaxy dh vkx
vkluµcSBus dh oLrq
oaQdkyµgM~fM;ksa dk <¡kpk nkcµncko
8- vkfnµvkjaHk
21- dkslµnwjh dh eki 34- uhM+µ?kksalyk
vknhµvH;Lr
dks"kµ[k”kkuk uhjµty
9- vkgqrµ;K esa fn;k x;k
22- dfi'kµHkwjk 35- uSfrµftldk var u gks
vkgwrµvkeaf=kr
10- vyhµl[kh dih'kµcanjksa dk jktk uSrhµeFkkuh dh jLlh
vfyµHkkSajk 23- xtµgkFkh 36- ukjhµL=kh
11- b=kµlsaV (lqxa/) x”kµ,d eki ukM+hµuCt
brjµnwljk 24- fpjµcgqr le;] nh?kZ 37- izlknµÑr
12- mijDrµHkksx&foykl esa phjµoL=k izklknµegy
yhu 25- gfjµfo".kq 38- izokyµew¡xk
mijrµfojDr gjhµgjs jax dh izokjµoL=k
13- mn~;rµrS;kj 26- tokuµ;qok 39- ikuhµty
mn~/rµmn~naM ”kckuµthHk ikf.kµgkFk
24
40- ik'kµca/u] tky 53- jktµjktk dk jkT; 66- 'kadjµf'ko
iklµfudV jk”kµjgL; ladjµfefJr] nksxyk
41- ifj"kn~µlHkk 54- y{kµyk[k 67- 'kwjµohj
ik"kZnµifj"kn~ osQ lnL; y{;µmn~ns'; lwjµva/k] lw;Z
42- izÑrµizlaxxr] LokHkkfod 55- lgjµlcsjk 68- 'kIrµ'kki ik;k gqvk
izkÑrµ,d izkphu Hkk"kk 'kgjµuxj lIrµlkr (la[;k)
43- iqjµuxj 56- foLrjµfoLrkj 69- 'kcµjkr
iwjµvkf/D;] ck<+ fcLrjµfcNkou lcµlaiw.kZ
44- I+kQuµdyk] gquj 57- fo"kµ”kgj 70- 'kkykµ?kj
iQuµlk¡i dk iQu folµdey dk MaBy lkykµiRuh dk HkkbZ
45- cfyµcfynku 58- okjh'kµleqnz 71- 'koZµ'kadj
cyhµ'kfDr'kkyh ckfj'kµo"kkZ loZµlHkh
46- oklµfuokl 59- ojnµoj nsusokyk 72- lq/hµfon~oku
cklµxa/ fojnµ;'k lqf/µ;kn
47- ckjµnI+kQk 60- 'keµ'kkafr 73- 'kkarµ/S;Z;qr] pqi
okjµfnu] pksV leµcjkcj lkarµvar&lfgr
48- ckykµyM+dh 61- 'kjµck.k 74- 'kqYdµI+kQhl
okykµ,d izR;; ljµrkykc 'kqDyµ'osr
49- ckrµopu 62- 'kDyµ[kaM] lw[kkÑfr 75- lqrµiq=k
okrµgok 'kdyµiwjk lwrµlkjFkh
50- cnuµ'kjhj 63- lqdjµlgt 76- lwphµrkfydk
onuµeq[k lwdjµlwvj 'kqfpµifo=k
51- ck.kµrhj 64- 'krhµlkS dk lewg
ckuµvknr] jLlh lrhµifrozrk
52- es?kµckny 65- 'kqfDrµlhi
es/µ;K lwfDrµvPNh mfDr

25
 Jqfrle fHkUukFkZd
uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, bl izdkj okD; cuk,¡ fd nksuksa dk vFkZ Li"V gks
t,µ
1- vis{kk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mis{kk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2- n~foi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n~ohi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3- iQu ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iQ.k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4- ik'k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ikl ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5- vUu ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vU; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6- ckr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
okr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7- en ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
en~; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8- vkfn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vknh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9- deZ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Øe ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
10- x`g ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
xzg ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11- vkdj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vkdkj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12- izlkn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
izklkn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26
13- rqjax ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rjax ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14- tjk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
”kjk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15- uhM+ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
uhj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
16- ewY; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ewy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17- fuèkZu ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fuèku ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18- Hkou ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hkqou ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19- ikuh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ikf.k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20- n'kk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fn'kk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21- 'kL=k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'kkL=k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22- lky ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'kky ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23- tyn ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tyt ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24- rjf.k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rj.kh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25- vidkj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
midkj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26- x.kuk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x<+uk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27
 i;kZ;okph 'kCn
fuEufyf[kr 'kCnksa osQ rhu&rhu i;kZ;okph fyf[k,µ
1- va/dkj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
2- vfXu --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
3- vK --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
4- vPNk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
5- vfrfFk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
6- vèke --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
7- vuqpj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
8- vuqie --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
9- vieku --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
10- ve`r --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
11- v'o --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
12- vlqj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
13- vgadkj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
14- vkdk'k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
15- vkKk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
16- vkuan --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
17- vkHkw"k.k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
18- vk¡[k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
19- banz --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
20- bZ'oj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
21- mUufr --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
22- miou --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
23- diM+k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
24- dey --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
25- dkenso --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
26- fdukjk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------

28
27- o`Qik --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
28- o`Q".k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
29- dks;y --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
30- [ky --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
31- xaxk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
32- xt --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
33- x.ks'k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
34- x`g --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
35- panz --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
36- prqj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
37- taxy --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
38- ty --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
39- ryokj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
40- rkjk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
41- rkykc --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
42- rhj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
43- nk¡r --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
44- nkl --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
45- fnu --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
46- nq[k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
47- nqxkZ --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
48- nks"k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
49- nwèk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
50- nsork --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
51- èku --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
52- èkuq"k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
53- èotk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
54- unh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
55- ukjh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------

29
56- ukSdk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
57- izkr% --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
58- i{kh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
59- ifr --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
60- iRrk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
61- iRFkj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
62- iRuh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
63- ioZr --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
64- iou --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
65- ikoZrh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
66- iq=k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
67- iq=kh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
68- iq"i --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
69- i`Foh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
70- izfln~èk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
71- izse --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
72- canj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
73- cky --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
74- ckyd --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
75- czg~ek --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
76- eNyh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
77- e/qi --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
78- euq"; --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
79- e;wj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
80- ekrk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
81- fe=k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
82- e`R;q --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
83- es?k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
84- ;e --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------

30
 85- ;equk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
86- ;qn~/ --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
87- jDr --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
88- jktk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
89- jkr --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
90- y{eh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
91- fo".kq --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
92- o`{k --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
93- 'k=kq --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
94- 'kjhj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
95- 'kksHkk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
96- lewg --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
97- ljLorh --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
98- lk¡i --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
99- lkxj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
100- flag --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
101- flj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
102- lqanj --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
103- lw;Z --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
104- lsuk --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
105- lkSan;Z --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
106- LoxZ --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
107- Lo.kZ --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
108- guqeku --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------
109- fgju --------------------------------- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------

31
 okD;&fopkj (Sentence)
1- gesa xanxh ugha iSQykuh pkfg,A 2- gekjh laLÑfr cgqr iqjkuh gSA
3- izkÑfrd n`'; cgqr lqanj gSA 4- fnO;e esjk fe=k FkkA
tc Hkh gesa vius eu dh ckr nwljksa rd igq¡pkuh gksrh gS ;k fdlh ls ckrphr djuh gksrh gS
rks ge okD;ksa dk lgkjk ysdj cksyrs gSaA mi;qZDr mnkgj.kksa esa dbZ 'kCnksa (inksa) dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
os O;ofLFkr :i ls ,d&nwljs ls feydj iw.kZ vFkZ izdV dj jgs gSaA
inksa osQ O;ofLFkr :Ik rFkk ,sls ikjLifjd esy dks] ftlls iw.kZ vFkZ dk cks/ gks
rFkk ftlesa drkZ] deZ vkSj fØ;k dh O;oLFkk gks] okD; dgk tkrk gSA

okD; dh fo'ks"krk,¡µ
(i) okD; Hkk"kk ;k fopkj dks O;Dr djrs gSaA
(ii) okD;ksa dh jpuk inca/ksa ;k 'kCnksa osQ ;ksx ls gksrh gSA
(iii) okD; esa lHkh in O;kdjf.kd fu;eksa esa c¡èkdj vkrs gSaA
(iv) okD; esa 'kCnksa dk fuf'pr Øe gksrk gSA
fo'ks"kµdHkh&dHkh oqQN 'kCnksa esa Hkh vius fopkj ;k Hkko dks izdV fd;k tk ldrk gS_ tSlsµ
igyk µ tkvksxs\ nwljk µ dgk¡\
igyk µ LowQyA nwljk µ dc\
igyk µ dy nwljk µ Bhd gSA
(i) okD; Hkk"kk ;k fopkj dks O;Dr djrs gSaA

okD; osQ xq.k

d- lkFkZdrkµ okD; jpuk osQ fy, ;g vko';d gS fd mlesa iz;qDr lHkh in lkFkZd gksaA ;fn
okD; dk dksbZ Hkh va'k fujFkZd gks rks mlls vFkZ esa ck/k iM+rh gSA è;ku jgs] dHkh&dHkh
fujFkZd 'kCn okD; esa iz;qDr gksus ij vFkZoku gks tkrs gSa_ tSlsµ ikuh&okuh] jksVh&cksVhA
[k- ;ksX;rkµ ;ksX;rk dk vFkZ gS {kerkA bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd 'kCn lkFkZd gksa vkSj izlax osQ
vuqlkj okD; dk vFkZ Hkh Li"V gksA ;fn ,slk ugha gksrk rks og okD; ugha dgykrk gSA
mnkgj.kkFkZµeSa ikuh [kkrk gw¡A ?kksM+k ?kkl ihrk gSA ikuh u rks [kk;k tkrk gS u ?kkl ih tkrh
gSA ;n~;fi lHkh 'kCn lkFkZd gSaA ysfdu os okD; osQ vFkZ dks Li"V djus esa vleFkZ gSaA
x- vkdka{kkµ vkdka{kk dk vFkZ gS bPNkA okD; vius&vkiesa iwjk gksuk pkfg,A mlesa fdlh
'kCn dh deh osQ dkj.k vFkZ&izkfIr dh ftKklk cuh u jg tk,_ tSlsµ dj jgs gSa] yM+osQ
32
 dj jgs gSa] yM+osQ [kqnkbZ dj jgs gSaA igys osQ nksuksa okD;ksa esa dkSu vkSj D;k dh ftKklk
cuh jgrh gSA ;s nksuksa okD; ftKklk dh iwfrZ ugha dj ikrs blfy, viw.kZ gSa tcfd rhljk
okD; iw.kZ okD; gSA
?k- vklfDr ;k fudVrkµ okD; osQ 'kCnksa dks cksyus rFkk fy[kus esa mfpr fudVrk gksuh
pkfg,A cgqr #d&#ddj ;k tYnh&tYnh cksyus ls okD; vFkZ dks Li"V djus esa vleFkZ
jgrs gSaA mlh izdkj fy[krs le; Hkh 'kCnksa osQ chp mfpr nwjh cuk, j[kuh pkfg,A
mnkgj.kr;kµge --------------- fon~;ky; --------------- tkrs --------------- gSa
Ä- inØeµ okD; dk lgh vFkZ tkuus osQ fy, 'kCnksa dk mfpr Øe esa iz;qDr gksuk vko';d
gSA inØeksa osQ fu;eksa dk mYy?kau djus ls okafNr vFkZ ugha fudyrkA ;FkkµmRFkku ns'k
ifjJe vius djus djrs okys dk gSA bldk Øe gksxkµifjJe djus okys vius ns'k dk
mRFkku djrs gSaA
p- vUo;µ vUo; dk vFkZ gSµesyA okD; esa drkZ] deZ] fØ;k osQ fyax] opu] dkjd vkSj
iq#"k esa esy gksuk pkfg,A blosQ fcuk Hkh vFkZ esa O;o/ku vk tkrk gS_ tSlsµ
geus lkS #i;s ls ;g f[kykSuk [kjhnhA

(esa) ([kjhnk)
okD; osQ vax
okD; osQ nks vax gksrs gSaµ
d- mn~ns'; (Subject) [k- fo/s; (Predicate)
d- mn~ns';
1- vè;kid O;kdj.k i<+k jgs gSaA 4- fnus'k [kkuk [kk jgk gSA
2- foey ck”kkj tkrk gSA 5- ikoZrh diM+s fly jgh gSA
3- oqQN Nk=k eSnku esa [ksy jgs gSaA 6- izsepan us vusd dgkfu;k¡ fy[khaA
mi;qZDr mnkgj.kksa esa ^vè;kid*] ^foey*] ^oqQN Nk=k] ^fnus'k*] ^ioZrh*] ^izsepan* mn~ns'; gSa
D;ksafd buosQ fo"k; esa oqQN dgk x;k gSA mn~ns'; dks ^drkZ* Hkh dgrs gSaA okD; esa ftlosQ fo"k;
esa oqQN ckr dgh tk,] og mn~ns'; dgykrk gSA
[k- fo/s;
mi;qZDr okD;ksa esa mn~ns';ksa osQ ckjs esa oqQN&u&oqQN dgk x;k gSA ^O;kdj.k i<+k jgs gSa*µ
vè;kid* osQ fo"k; esa_ ^ck”kkj tkrk gSA*µ ^foey* osQ fo"k; esa_ ^eSnku esa [ksy jgs gSa*µ ^oqQN
Nk=k* osQ fo"k; esa_ ^[kkuk [kk jgk gS*µ ^fnus'k* osQ fo"k; esa_ diM+s fly jgh gS*µ ^ikoZrh*
osQ fo"k; esa_ ^vusd dgkfu;k¡ fy[kha*µ ^izsepan* osQ fo"k; esa dgk x;k gSA vr% ;s fo/s; gSaA
33
 okD; esa mn~ns'; osQ fo"k; esa tks oqQN dgk tk,] mls fo/s; dgrs gSaA
mn~ns'; vkSj fo/s; dks le>us osQ fy, uhps nh xbZ rkfydk dks è;ku ls if<+,µ]
mn~ns'; fo/s; iw.kZ okD;
lqHkk"k [ksyrk gSA lqHkk"k [ksyrk gSA
izse oqQekj i=k fy[krk gSA izse oqQekj i=k fy[krk gSA
rqe xkM+h pykrs gksA rqe xkM+h pykrs gksA
pksjh djuk iki gSA pksjh djuk iki gSA
ew[kZ Hksn crk nsrk gSA ew[kZ Hksn crk nsrk gSA

mn~ns'; vkSj fo/s; dk foLrkj

1- m n~ns'; dk foLrkjµ dHkh&dHkh okD; esa mn~ns'; osQ ckjs esa crkus osQ fy, nwljs 'kCnksa dk
Hkh lgkjk fy;k tkrk gSA bu nwljs 'kCnksa dks mn~ns'; dk foLrkj dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
[kaM (d) [kaM ([k)
d- o`{kksa dks er dkVksA iQyksa ls Hkjs o`{kksa dks er dkVksA
[k- ?kksM+k nkSM+ jgk gSA dkyk ?kksM+k nkSM+ jgk gSA
x- guqeku us yadk tyk nhA ohj guqeku us yadk tyk nhA
mi;qZDr [kaM (d) esa fn, x, okD;ksa esa o`{kksa] ?kksM+k rFkk guqeku in mn~ns'; dk dk;Z dj jgs
gSaA ([k) osQ varxZr iQyksa ls Hkjs] dkyk] ohj inksa n~okjk mn~ns'; dh fo'ks"krk crkbZ tk jgh
gSA vr% ;s mn~ns'; osQ foLrkj gSaA mn~ns'; dh fo'ks"krk crkusokys fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dks mn~ns';
dk foLrkj dgrs gSaA
2- fo/s; dk foLrkjµ ewy fo/s; dks iw.kZ djus osQ fy, ftu 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS]
mUgsa fo/s; dk foLrkj dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
[kaM (d) [kaM ([k)
d- uhjt ifjJe djrk gSA uhjt cgqr ifjJe djrk gSA
[k- eSaus iqLrd i<+hA eSaus izFke iqjLdkj izkIr iqLrd i<+hA
x- ns'k osQ usrk ;kstuk,¡ cukrs gSaA ns'k osQ usrk cM+h&cM+h ;kstuk,¡ cukrs gSaA
mi;qZDr [kaM (d) esa fn, okD;ksa esa ifjJe djrk gS] iqLrd i<+h rFkk ;kstuk,¡ cukrs gSa in
fo/s; dk dk;Z dj jgs gSaA [kaM ([k) osQ varxZr cgqr] izFke iqjLdkj izkIr rFkk cM+h&cM+h
inksa n~okjk fo/s; dh fo'ks"krk crkbZ tk jgh gSA vr% ;s fo/s; osQ foLrkj gSA fo/s; dh fo'ks"krk
crkusokys fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dks fo/s; dk foLrkj dgrs gSaA
34
okD; osQ izdkj
okD; osQ izdkj

(d) vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij ([k) jpuk osQ vk/kj ij

(d) vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij

vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij okD; vkB izdkj osQ gksrs gSaµ
1- fo/kuokpd okD; (ldkjkRed) 5- lansgokpd okD;
2- fu"ks/okpd okD; (udkjkRed) 6- vkKkokpd okD;
3- iz'uokpd okD; 7- laosQrokpd okD;
4- bPNkokpd okD; 8- foLe;okpd okD;
1- fo/kuokpd okD;µ ftl okD; osQ n~okjk fdlh dke dk djuk ;k fLFkfr dk gksuk ik;k tk,
;k ,d ljy okD;] ftlesa drkZ] deZ vkSj fØ;k gks] mls fo/kuokpd okD; dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
d- lqjs[kk i=k fy[k jgh gSA (dke dk djuk)
[k- i`Foh xksy gSA (ckr dk gksuk)
x- /zqo ctkt cgqr cksyrk gSA (cksyus dh fØ;k)
?k- iz.ko jk; vDyean gSA (vDy dk gksuk)
2- fu"ks/okpd okD;µ ftl okD; ls fdlh dke osQ u djus ;k fLFkfr osQ u gksus dk cks/ gks]
mls fu"ks/okpd okD; dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
d- bls eSa u dj ikm¡QxkA x- bl dke dks er dfj,A
[k- e;ad us [kkuk ugha [kk;kA ?k- owQM+k lM+d ij er iSQykvksA
3- iz'uokpd okD;µ tc okD; esa iz'u fd;k tk, ;k ftlesa D;k] dkSu] dc] dgk¡] oSQls]
fdldk] fdlfy, vkfn iz'uokpd 'kCn vk,¡] mls iz'uokpd okD; dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
d- dy rqEgkjs lkFk dkSu Fkk\ x- rqe ?kj tkdj fdlls feys\
[k- D;k rqEgkjs firk th MkWDVj gSa\ ?k- xqatu ?kj dc vk,xh\
4- bPNkokpd okD;µ ftl okD; ls bPNk] vk'khokZn] 'kqHkdkeuk vkfn dk cks/ gks] mls
bPNkokpd okD; dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
d- vkidk thou lq[ke; gksA ('kqHkdkeuk) x- vk;q"eku Hko! (vk'khokZn)
[k- bZ'oj lcdh lgk;rk djsA (bPNk) ?k- dk'k! esjs ikl dkj gksrhA (bPNk)
35
5- lansgokpd okD;µ ftl okD; ls dke osQ gksus esa lansg vFkok laHkkouk dk cks/ gks] mls
lansgokpd okD; dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
d- 'kk;n vkt o"kkZ gks tk,A [k- firk th vc rd ?kj vk pqosQ gksaxsA
6- vkKkokpd okD;µ ftl okD; ls vkKk] vkns'k] fou;] lykg] izkFkZuk vkfn dk cks/ gks] mls
vkKkokpd okD; dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
d- lHkh Nk=k [kM+s gks tkvks! (vkKk@vkns'k) [k- Ñi;k 'kkafr ls cSfB,A (fou;)
7- laosQrokpd okD;µ ftl okD; esa ,d fØ;k dk gksuk nwljh fØ;k ij fuHkZj djrk gS] mls
laosQrokpd okD; dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
d- ;fn le; ij o"kkZ gqbZ rks i+Qly vPNh gksxhA (fuHkZjrk)
[k- tc fnus'k vk, rc ge lc nsgjknwu pysaxsA (laosQr)
8- foLe;okpd okD;µ ftl okD; ls g"kZ] foLe; (vk'p;Z)] 'kksd] nq[k vkfn osQ Hkko izdV
gks] mls foLe;okpd okD; dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ
d- gk;! cspkjk yqV x;kA ('kksd) [k- vjs! firk th vk Hkh x, (foLe;)
x- vgk! oSQlk lqgkouk ekSle gSA (g"kZ) ?k- okg! D;k ekSle gSA (izlUurk)
([k) jpuk osQ vk/kj ij
fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa ij è;ku nhft,µ
1- eq>s cukjl tkuk gSA
2- eq>s cukjl tkuk gS vkSj ogk¡ ls cukjlh lkM+h [kjhnuh gSA
3- ikik us dgk gS fd eq>s vkt gh cukjl tkuk gS rFkk lkM+h [kjhndj dksydkrk igq¡puk gSA
bu okD;ksa esa igyk okD; ,d okD; gS D;ksafd blesa ,d gh fØ;k gSA nwljs okD; esa nks okD;
gSa tks vkSj ;kstd ls tqM+s gSaA rhljs okD; esa rhu okD; gSa] ;s ;kstd fd vkSj rFkk ls tqM+s gSaA bl
rjg okD; osQ rhu Hksn gSaµ
d- ljy okD;     [k- la;qDr okD;     x- feJ okD;
d- ljy okD;µ ljy okD; esa ,d gh okD; gksrk gSA blesa ,d gh fØ;k inca/ ;k fo/s;
gksrk gSA
[k- la;qDr okD;µ la;qDr okD; esa ,d ls vf/d miokD; gksrs gSaA ;s lHkh miokD; Lora=k
gksrs gSaA la;qDr okD; esa vk, miokD; leku Lrj osQ gksrs gSaA ;s miokD; vkSj] ;k] vFkok]
vU;Fkk] ojuk] foaQrq] ijarq vkfn ;kstdksa osQ n~okjk tqM+s gksrs gSaA
x- feJ okD;µ feJ okD; esa ,d miokD; Lora=k miokD; gksrk gS rFkk 'ks"k miokD; Lora=k
miokD; ij vkfJr gksrs gSaA blfy, 'ks"k miokD; vkfJr miokD; dgykrs gSa_ tSlsµ

36
 iz/ku miokD; vkfJr miokD;
d- eq>s og fdrkc fey xbZ] tks [kks xbZ FkhA
[k- ogk¡ ck”kkj gS] tgk¡ ls os lkeku [kjhnrh gSA
x- ekrk th us dgk fd os eafnj tk jgh gSA
vkfJr miokD;µ feJ okD; osQ miokD; izk;% fd tks] tgk¡] tc] rks vkfn leqPp;cks/d
vO;;ksa ls tqM+s jgrs gSaA feJ okD; esa vkfJr miokD; okD; osQ vkjaHk] eè; rFkk var rhuksa gh
LFkkuksa ij vk ldrs gS_ tSlsµ
vkjaHk esa µ tks O;fDr ;gk¡ vk;k Fkk og cgqr chekj gSA
eè; esa µ og O;fDr tks ;gk¡ vk;k Fkk cgqr chekj gSA
var esa µ og O;fDr cgqr chekj gS tks ;gk¡ vk;k FkkA

vH;kl
d- vFkZ osQ vk/kj ij okD; osQ izdkj crkb,µ
1- D;k esjk i=k vkidks feyk\ ----------iz'uokpd-----------

2- eSa viuh ckr dj pqdk gw¡A -----------------------------------

3- vgen lkgc eap ij gSaA -----------------------------------

4- vkxs tkvks HkkbZ] viuk dke djksA -----------------------------------

5- pyks] pysaA -----------------------------------

6- 'kke rd ”k:j vk tkukA -----------------------------------

7- eq>s og iqLrd mBkdj nksA -----------------------------------

8- vksg! oSQls dkys&dkys es?k f?kj vk, gSaA -----------------------------------

9- gks ldrk gS og ck”kkj x;k gksA -----------------------------------

10- izse us mldk dke ugha fd;kA -----------------------------------

37
[k- funsZ'kkuqlkj okD;ksa esa ifjorZu dhft,µ
1- og cgqr ”kksj ls jks jgk gSA (foLe;okpd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- cgqr lqanj n`'; gSA (foLe;okpd)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- D;k vki eq>s tkurs gSa\ (fo/kuokpd)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4- D;k og bruk ew[kZ gS\ (fu"ks/okpd)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5- lSfudksa dks vkxs c<+uk pkfg,A (vkKkokpd)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

x- fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls mn~ns'; vkSj fo/s; Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,µ

  mn~ns';    fo/s;
1- eksfgu MkWDVj gSA ------------------------- ---------------------------------------

2- e”knwjksa us dke dj fy;kA ------------------------- ---------------------------------------

3- izdk'k th dk vius fo"k; ij vf/dkj gSA ------------------------- ---------------------------------------

4- iM+kslh dk iq=k ekWMuZ LowQy esa i<+rk gSA ------------------------- ---------------------------------------

5- ;g lalkj deZHkwfe gSA ------------------------- ---------------------------------------

6- os nwj ls vkrs o`n~/ esjs nknk th gSaA ------------------------- ---------------------------------------

7- ;gk¡ yky&ihys xqykc f[ky jgs gSaA ------------------------- ---------------------------------------

8- rqe ;gk¡ vkvksA ------------------------- ---------------------------------------

38
 lans'k&ys[ku
fdlh osQ n~okjk fHktokbZ xbZ ;k dgykbZ xbZ ckr dks lans'k dgk tkrk gSA laLo`Qr esa bldh O;qRifRr
^le~ $ fn'k~ $ /×k~* Lohdkj dh xbZ gSA bl 'kCn dk vFkZ lwpuk nsuk] lekpkj] [kcj izsf"kr djuk
vkSj fdUgha lanHkks± esa vkKk vkSj vkSns'k Hkh Lohdkj fd;k x;k gSA vaxsz”kh esa lans'k 'kCn laKk vkSj
iqfYayx gSA
OgkV~l,i cuke lans'k
vktdy dh ih<+h OgkV~lvih ih<+h dgh tkrh gSA gesa ;kn gS fd fofHkUu R;ksgkjksa] ioks±] fo'ks"k
fnol ;k voljksa ij ^dkMZ* osQ ekè;e ls fy[kdj ;k Nis gq, lans'k Hksts tkrs FksA Vsfyi+Qksu djosQ
Hkh cèkkbZ lans'k ;k 'kqHkdkeuk lans'k fn, tkrs Fks ijarq OgkV~l,i osQ vkus osQ i'pkr iwjk ifjn`';
gh cny pqdk gS dkMZ vizklafxd gks pqosQ gSa] i+Qksu ij osQoy fudVLFkksa dks gh lans'k fn, tkrs gSaA
E-mail, Facebook, Twiter vkfn osQ ekè;e ls vyx&vyx izk:iksa esa lans'k Hksts tkrs gSa] eq[;
vkèkkj rks OgkV~l,i gh gSA CBSE n~okjk funsZf'kr ^lans'k ys[ku* dk vk'k; gSµ
1- fofHkUu ioZ&R;ksgkjksa] mRloksa ij Hksts tkus okys c/kbZ lans'k_ tSlsµ fnokyh] bZn vkfnA
2- fofHkUu fnolksa_ tSlsµ efgyk fnol] ekr`&fir` fnol] ;ksx fnol ij Hksts tkusokys 'kqHkdkeuk
lans'kA
3- lkekftd lans'k_ tSlsµ ikl&isQy miyfC/ ij Hksts tkusokys lans'kA [kks;k&ik;k lans'kA
4- O;fDrxr lans'k_ tSlsµ vuqifLFkfr dh lwpuk] nsj ls vkuk] tYnh igq¡puk] ek¡&cki] HkkbZ&cgu]
fj'rsnkjksa dks Hksts tkusokys c/kbZ vkSj 'kqHkdkeukvksa ls vfrfjDr lans'kA
5- fefJr lans'kµ ns'kHkfDr] ;qn~/ osQ volj] dksjksuk tSlh egkekjh] HkwoaQi] rwi+Qku ,oa vU;
vkinkvksa ls lacaf/r lans'kA
lans'k dk izk:i
• lans'k 30&40 'kCnksa esa gks ldrk gSA vf/d 'kCn gksus ij Hkh vad u dkVs tk,¡A
• ckWDl cukuk vko';dA
• frfFk o le; dk mYys[kA
• lacks/u vFkkZr fdlosQ fy, gSA
• fy[kusokys dk uke vko';d] cksMZ esa vFkok ijh{kk esa d [k x fy[kuk pkfg,A
• ,d gh vuqPNsn gksA LVhd gksA
• vukSipkfjd o vkSipkfjdrk&fo"k; ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
• Hkk"kkbZ n{krk osQ LFkku ij ljy] lqxe] cks/xE; 'kCnkoyh dks ofj;rk nh tkuh pkfg,A
39
 • l`tukRedrk dk egRo gS ijarq fo"k;xr rF;ksa ij vf/d cy gksA
• laf{kIr gksuk pkfg,A
• b/j&m/j dh ckrksa] eqgkojksa] egkuqHkkoksa dh lwfDr;ksa&mfDr;ksa dk izk;% iz;ksx ugha fd;k
tkrkA
mnkgj.kµ

1- lans'k
10 ekpZ] 2020 lk;a µ 6-00 cts
fiz; lkSjHk
'kke dks Vh-oh- esa rqEgsa ns[kkA rqEgkjh miyC/h osQ fo"k; esa irk pykA rSjkdh esa
rqEgsa Lo.kZ ind feyk vkSj vkWyafid esa rqEgkjk p;u gks x;k gSA rqEgkjh esgur
jax ykbZ] vkxs pydj ns'k dk uke jks'ku djksxsA esjh cgqr&cgqr 'kqHkdkeuk,¡
vkSj c/kbZA
fot; nRrk

2- lans'k
2 ebZ] 2020 izkr% µ 8-00 cts
eEeh th
vki ?kj ij ugha FkhA vkWfi+Ql ls oekZ vady dk i+Qksu vk;k Fkk] os esy ns[kus
dks dg jgs FksA tYnh ns[k ysukA os oqQN tYnh esa FksA eSa V~;w'ku i<+us tk jgk
gw¡A nks ?kaVs rd okil vk tkm¡QxkA eSaus [kkuk [kk fy;k FkkA pkch lyek vkaVh
osQ ikl gSA
fcV~Vw

3- lans'k
19 uoacj] 2019 jkf=k µ 12-00 cts
fiz; fe=kks
dy izdk'k ioZ nhikoyh gSA f>yfey nhiksa dh jks'kuh ls izdkf'kr ;s fnokyh
vkiosQ ifjokj esa lq[k&le`n~f/ ,oa vkjksX;rk ysdj vk,A bl ikou ioZ ij
esjs ifjokj dh vksj ls gkfnZd 'kqHkdkeuk,¡A
d-[k-x- ifjokj

40
lwpuk vkSj lans'k ys[ku esa varj
lwpuk lans'k
1- lwpuk iwjh rjg vkSipkfjd gksrh gSA lans'k vukSipkfjd Hkh gks ldrk gSA
2- vf/drj lwpuk,¡ lkoZtfud gksrh gSaA lans'k oS;fDrd gksrs gSaA
3- lwpuk esa LFkku] le;] isz"kd] fo"k; vkfn lans'k esa LFkku vkSj fo"k; dh vko';drk
fy[ks tkrs gSaA ughaA
4- lwpuk lc i<+ ldrs gSa] vutku] vKkr] lans'k tkudkj] fudVLFk Kkr vkSj laca/h dks
vlacaf/r O;fDr HkhA gh Hkstk tkrk gSA
5- vkSipkfjd] dk;kZy;h 'kCnkoyh gksrh gSA fo"k;kuqlkj lkSan;kZRed] HkkokRed] ljy gks
ldrh gSaA
6- fp=kksa dh vko';drk ughaA ljy ckWDl fn;k vkmV ykbal] js[kkfp=k] ckWMZj cuk;k tk ldrk
tkrk gSA gSA lk/kj.k ckWDl esa Hkh fn;k tk ldrk gSA
(fo"k;k/kfjr)

lans'k ys[ku ij fuEu fo"k; fy, tk ldrs gSaµ

1- jkek;.k vkSj egkHkkjr osQ iqu% çlkj.k dk lans'k
2- NRrhlx<+ esa dksjksukok;jl fu;af=kr gS bl ckr dk lans'k
3- d{kk uoeh ,oa nloha esa oqQN cnyko osQ lans'k
4- bl egkekjh osQ chp viuh oqQ'kyrk dk lans'k
5- twe Dykl esa mifLFkr gksus gsrq lans'k
6- twe Dyklsl esa vk jgh [kcjksa osQ çfr lans'k
7- lks'ky ehfM;k dh viQokgksa ls cpus gsrq lans'k

41
 vH;kl
1- lans'k ys[ku gsrq dqN fo"k;µ
d- e k¡ dks vpkud fdlh fj'rsnkj dks ns[kus vLirky tkuk iM+k] iq=kh 'kkyk xbZ gqbZ gSA ek¡
dh vksj ls ,d lans'k iq=kh osQ fy, fyf[k,A
[k- vius firkth osQ tUefnol ij ,d c/kbZ lans'k fyf[k,A
x- vkidh ekrkth oqQN dke ls ?kj ls ckgj xbZ gSaA mlh le; mudh nksLr vkdj ;g crkrh
gSa fd dy muds ;gk¡ rhu cts Hktu eaMyh dk dk;ZØe j[kk x;k gS vr% mUgsa mifLFkr
gksuk gSA bls lans'k :i esa ekrkth osQ fy, fy[ksaA
?k- vki vius fon~;ky; dh iqQVckWy Vhe osQ dIrku gSaA vkiosQ dksp us dy lHkh f[kykfM+;ksa
dks 10 cts [ksy osQ eSnku esa ,df=kr gksus dks dgk gSA bls lans'k :i esa fy[ksaA
Ä- vkiosQ fon~;ky; dks ^LoPN fon~;ky; Li/kZ* esa çFke iqjLdkj çkIr gqvk gSA bl lans'k
dks vius pkpkth dks fy[kdj crkb;s] tks fdlh nwljs 'kgj esa jgrs gSaA
p- vkiosQ ekekth dks iq=k jRu dh çkfIr gqbZ gS] mlosQ fy, ,d c/kbZ lans'k fyf[k,A
N- nq?kZVuk esa vkiosQ fe=k osQ iSj dh gM~Mh VwV xbZ gS vkSj mlds 'kh?kz Bhd gksus dh dkeuk
djrs gq, ,d lans'k fyf[k,A
2- uhps fn, x, fo"k;ksa ij 30&40 'kCnksa esa lans'k fyf[k,µ
d- bZn [k- fØlel x- xq#ioZ ?k- gksyh
Ä- vks.ke p- chgw N- egkohj t;arh t- nhikoyh
3- uhps fn, x, ^eq[; fnolksa* ij Hkkoiw.kZ lans'k fyf[k,µ
d- ;ksx fnol [k- Lora=krk fnol x- x.kra=k fnol ?k efgyk fnol
Ä- i;ZVu fnol p- ;qok fnol N- [ksy fnol t- ok;qlsuk fnol
>- cky fnol ×k- fdlku fnol V- jsMØkWl fnol B- i;kZoj.k fnol
M- dkjfxy Le`fr fnol <- f'k{kd fnol .k- fganh fnol r- cky fnol
4- fofHkUu ifjfLFkr;ksa] ?kVukØe ij vk/kfjr lans'k fyf[k,µ
d- dksjkuk ls cpus osQ lq>ko nsrs gq, turk osQ uke lans'k fyf[k,A
[k- ?kj esa dksbZ ugha gS lc ckgj x, gSaA vkidks V~;w'ku tkuk gSA ek¡ osQ uke lans'k fy[kdj
tkb,A
x- Nk=kkokl osQ dejs esa vki vkSj vkidk fe=k lkFk jgrs gSaA fe=k chekj gS] lks jgk gS]
vkidks LowQy tkuk gSA [kkus vkfn dh O;oLFkk n'kkZrk lans'k fy[kdj tkb,A
?k- fe=k osQ ?kj tkus ij og vkidks ugha feyrk gSA mldh eEeh dks mlosQ fy, viuk lans'k
fyf[k,A (vpkud vkus dk dkj.k vkfn)
42
 ukjk ys[ku (Lyksxu ys[ku)
fganh esa ukjk dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gSµ mn~?kks"k] vkg~oku] uhfr opu] fln~/kar okD; dk izlkj okD;A
vaxsz”kh esaµ LyksxuA laLo`Qr esa vk?kks"k ;k lek?kks"kA ukjk iqfYyax vkSj laKk gSA oèkZ ¯gnh 'kCndks'k osQ
vuqlkj og 'kCn ;k 'kCn&lewg tks yksxksa dks izsfjr ;k mRrsftr djus osQ fy, ”kksj&”kksj ls nksgjk;k
tkrk gS] mls ukjk dgrs gSa_ tSlsµ vkjke gjke gSA Hkz"Vkpkj can djks] FkSyk lkFkZd] FkSyh fujFkZd vkfnA
^ukjk* dk vFkZ vkSj Hkko tks ^”kksj dk 'kCn* ;k ^rst* vkok”k vFkok cqyan dh tkusokyh
lkewfgd ;k ,dy Hkk"k.k ugha dg ikrs] og ,d 'kCn xqPN dg Mkyrk gSA ge Hkwy ugha ldrs
vius Lora=krk vkanksyu dks ftlesa ukjksa dk cgqr egRo jgkµ lqHkk"k panzcksl us dgk Fkkµ ^rqe eq>s
[kwu nks] eSa rqEgsa vk”kknh nw¡xkA* egkRek xkaèkh us dgkµ ^djks ;k ejks*A yksdekU; xaxkèkj fryd us
ukjk fn;k Fkkµ ^Lora=krk gekjk tUefln~èk vfèkdkj gSA le;&le; ij lkekftd ifjfLFkfr;k¡ osQ
vuqlkj ukjs x<+ fy, tkrs gSaA
izR;sd O;fDr vkjke dk thou thuk pkgrk gSA mRjksRrj c<+us dh pkg fdls ugha gksrh\ lekt
esa gj rjg osQ izk.kh gksrs gSa] gj rjg dk vojksèk vkxs vk tkrk gSA jktuSfrd] lkekftd] èkkfeZd o
vkfFkZd vM+pusa O;fDr dh laosnukvksa vkSj vkdka{kkvksa osQ ekxZ esa O;oèkku mRiUu djrh gSa] rc og
muosQ fojksèk ;k leFkZu esa viuh ok.kh dks cqyan djrk gSA vius Hkkoksa dks nwljksa rd izHkko'kkyh <ax
ls igq¡pkus osQ fy, laf{kIr vkSj lqaxfBr 'kCnksa dks y?kq&okD;ksa esa fijksrk gSA ;g 'kCn&xqPN] laf{kIr
okD; ,sls gksrs gSa ftuls lquusokyk rqjar vkdf"kZr gksrk gS vkSj fojksèkh lroZQ gksrk gSA bUgsa gh ^ukjk*
;k ^Lyksxu* dgk tkrk gSA
^ukjk* èkkj jfgr gfFk;kj dgk tkrk gSA bldk tuekul ij lhèkk izHkko iM+rk gSA ;s rqjar
gh izpyu esa vk tkrs gSaA ukjs 'kCn ek=k ugha gksrs] budk lacaèk ns'k&dky ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls gksrk gSA
vko';drk vfo"dkj dh tuuh gksrh gS] blh ls ukjksa dk tUe gksrk gSA ukjksa esa 'kCn'kfDr dke
djrh gSA 'kCn ekuks vL=k&'kL=k gks tkrs gSa tks O;fDr dh lksp ij izgkj djrs gSaA 'kCnksa dk lgh
<ax ls bLrseky fd;k tk, rks mudh 'kfDr ijek.kq ce ls c<+dj gksrh gSA ukjksa esa fn, 'kCn ;K
esa vkgqfr ds leku gksrs gSa] tks tuekul esa uohu psruk dk l`tu djus esa lgk;d gkrs gSaA vr%
dgk tk ldrk gS fdµ
^ukjk* ,d ,slh izfofèk gS ftlesa fdlh lw{e fln~/kar vFkok rF; dks vR;ar lgt] cksèkxE;
cukdj vketu ls mldks rqjar tksM+ fy;k tkrk gSA ukjk ,d rjg ls vkg~oku okD;ka'k gksrk gSA
fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ls lacafèkr lekt esa fdlh rF; dh fo'ks"krk LFkkfir djrk laf{kIr] lkFkZd ,oa
izsj.kknk;d 'kCn xqPN gh ^ukjk* ;k ^Lyksxu* dgk tkrk gS_ tSlsµ ekLd yxkvks] dksjksuk HkxkvksA

43
 Lyksxu@ukjk dh fo'ks"krk,¡µ
1- laf{kIr gksuk pkfg,A 'kCn lhek vfèkdre 10&15A
2- xaHkhj vFkZ fNik gksA
3- ,d&nks iafDr;ksa dk gks ldrk gSA
4- y;;qDr ukjs tYn gh ”kcku ij p<+ tkrs gSa_ tSlsµ ty gS rks dy gSA
5- vR;ar ljy 'kCn] yksdfiz;] izpfyr 'kCn gksA
fon~;kFkhZ gsrq ewY;kaduµ
1- 'kCn de ”;knk gks ldrs gSaA vad u dkVs tk,¡A
2- l`tukRed (Creativity) ij ”kksj nsaA
3- fo"k;kuqowQy HkkokfHkO;fDr dks egRo nsaA
4- orZuhxr v'kqn~fèk osQ vkèkk ;k vfèkdre ,d vad gh dkVs tk,¡A
5- lkekftd] yksd dY;k.k] fofHkUu fnol_ tSlsµ ;ksx fnol] efgyk fnol vkfn fo"k;ksa
dks lekfgr djsaA
6- jaxhu cuk;k ;k fy[kk tk ldrk gSA
fofHkUu fo"k;µ
• iVk[ks • jDrnku • ty lap;u • vax nku • mQtkZ cpkvks • ckyJe • cky fookg • LoPNrk
• o`{kkjksi.k • ty laj{k.k • lk{kjrk • 'ksj cpkvks] taxy cpkvks • ok;q iznw"k.k • us=knku • mQtkZ
cpkvksA
oqQN mnkgj.kµ
1- fcty pksjh Hkz"Vkpkj]
bldk djks lnk ifjgkjA
2- izR;sd tu dks ;g le>kuk]
fcuk iVk[ks mRlo eukukA
3- cq>rh tku] cpk, jDrnkuA
4- lc nkuksa esa izèkku]
us=knku µ egknkuA
5- LoPNrk dk tgk¡ clsjk]
[kqf'k;k¡ dk ogk¡ losjkA

44
 vH;kl
fn, x, fo"k;ksa ij Lyksxu fyf[k,A (,d ls vf/d fy[ks tk ldrs gSaA)

• csVh cpkvks µ

• lk{kjrk µ

• xkM+h /hjs pykvks µ

• isM+ cpkvks µ

• ikuh cpkvks µ

45