Given Data

density of soil 18.00

density of water 10.00
density of concrete 25.00
safe bearing capacity of soil 100.00
concrete grade 15.00
angle of repose 30.00
coefficient of friction 0.50
height H 4.00
1 design constant
for M15 concrete grade
scbc 5.00
sst 140.00
m 19.00
k 0.404
j 0.865
R 0.874
2 depth of foundation
the minimum depth of
foundation Ym
Ym=qo/r*((1-sin¢)/(1+sin ¢))^2 0.62
keep Ym 1.00
3 dimensions of base
the ratio of the length of toe slab
(DE) to base width b is
a=1-qo/(2.2*rs*H) 0.37
keep a= 0.37
the width of base is given by
0.95*H*√(ka/((1-a)*(1+3*a))) 1.90
the base width from the
consideration of sliding
b=0.7Hka/(1-a)*N 2.96
this is excessive, normal practice
is to be provided 0.4 to 0.6 H,
take maximum
b=0.6*H 2.40
with this width, the wall will be
unsafe against Sliding, hence to
make safe a shear key will be
provided at the base
width of toe slab= 0.89
keep 0.90
let thickness of base be H/12 for 0.30
preliminary calculation
4 thickness of stem
height AB 3.70
consider 1m length of retaining
wall
max B. M at B=ka*rs*H^3/6 50.65
 effective depth 240.68
keep effective depth 240.00
overall thickness 300.00
effective cover 60.00
reduce thickness to--- at the top 200.00
effective depth at top 140.00
5 Stability of Wall
let
W1= weight of rectangular
portion of stem
W2= weight of triangular portion
of stem
W3= weight of base slab
W4= weight of soil on heel slab

1 W1 18.5 1.1 20.4

2 W2 4.6 1.0 4.5
3 W3 18.0 1.2 21.6
4 W4 79.9 1.8 143.9
S 121.05 190.29
total resisting moment MR= 190.29
48.00
Overturning
Overturning Moment Mo= 64.00
therefore Factor of safety against
overthinking
F. s= 2.97 safe
Sliding
Factor of safety against Sliding
F. S= 1.26 unsafe hence provide shear key
Pressure Distribution
net moment 126.29
therefore distance x of the point
of application of resistance from 1.04
toe is
eccentricity e=b/2-x 0.16 ok
pressure P1 at toe= 70.61
pressure minimum p2 at heel 30.26
pressure p at the junction of stem 55.48
with toe slab
pressure p' at the junction of 50.44
stem with heel slab
6 Design of Toe Slab

the upward pressure distribution

on the toe slab is shown in Fig
18.17 the wt of soil above toe slab
is neglected thus two forces
acting on it
 I) upward soil pressure
ii) downward wt of slab
downward load per unit area= 7.50
hence net pressure intensity 63.11
under D will be
net pressure intensity under E 47.98
total force =SF at E 50.00
x' from E= 0.47
therefore B. M at E= 23.52
effective depth d= 164.01
let us keep total depth 260.00
therefore effective depth 200.00
thickness may reduce to -- at 200.00
edge
Area of Steel 970.88

the Reinforcement has to be

provided at the bottom face. if
alternate bar of stem are bent
and continue in the toe slab, area 16mm bar 200mm c/c
available 2010/2=1005 see in step
8. this steel consists of 16mm bar
at 200mm c/c

let us check this steel for 1005mm2

development length Ld
Ld=58.3*¢ 932.80
provide clear side cover of 50.00
actual length available=length of
toe slab -clear side cover 1,058.00 safe
+anchorage value of hook
Distribution Reinforcement 345.00
use 8.00
spacing of ¢ 8mm bar 145.70
hence provide 8mm bar 140mm c/c
actual area provided 359mm2
7 Design of Heel Slab
heel slab length 1.20
force acting on it
weight of soil
weight of heel slab
upward soil pressure
total wt of soil 80.00
acting at from B 0.60
total wt of heel slab 7.80
acting at from B 0.60
total upward soil pressure 48.42
acting at from B 0.83
therefore total force = SF at B 39.38
B. M at B= 12.74
effective depth 120.68
keep total depth 260.00
 effective depth 200.00
thickness may reduce to -- at 200.00
edge
Area of Steel 525.66
use 10.00
spacing 149.41
hence provide, take the steel into
toe slab from a distance 58.3 ¢=
583mm to the left of B and it's 10mm bar 140mm c/c
end should be hooked
actual area 561mm2
distribution reinforcement
Ast= 345.00
use 8.00
spacing 145.70
hence provide 8mm bar 140mm c/c
shear stress 359mm2
tv= 0.20
this is less than permissible shear
stress even at minimum
percentage of steel table 3.1
8 Reinforcement in Stem
previously we use thickness of 260.00
slab 0.3m but now
height 3.74
M= 52.31
d 244.59
keep d= 250.00
total depth 310.00
As= 1,727.45
use ¢ 16.00
spacing of ¢ 116.39
hence provide 16mm bar 100mm c/c
actual area of Steel 2011mm2

check for shear

SF= 41.96
tv<tc 0.17 shear steel not required
9 design of shear key
let depth of key=a
Pp=kp*p 166.44
total pressure P 166.44a
sliding force at level
D1C1=ka*rs*)4+a)^2
or Ph=3*(4+a)^2
wt of soil between bottom of 43.2a
base and D1C1=2.4*a*18=
sum of W= 121.05+43.2a
hence from equilibrium of wall,
permitting FS against Sliding 1.5
1.5=(N*£ W+Pp)/Ph
1.5=0.5*(121.05+43.2a)
+166.44a/3(4+a)^2
from above equations, a= 0.09