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 1

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Chapter 1 – An Overview of Nutrition

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is NOT among the 6. A person who eats a bowl of oatmeal for
features of a chronic disease? breakfast every day is most likely making a food
a. It develops slowly choice based on
b. It lasts a long time a. habit.
c. It produces sharp pains b. availability.
d. It progresses gradually c. body image.
d. environmental concerns.
2. What is the chief reason people choose the foods
they eat? 7. Which of the following represents a food choice
a. Cost based on negative association?
b. Taste a. A tourist from China who rejects a
c. Convenience hamburger due to unfamiliarity
d. Nutritional value b. A child who spits out his mashed potatoes
because they taste too salty
3. Which of the following is NOT among the c. A teenager who grudgingly accepts an offer
consequences of making poor food choices? for an ice cream cone to avoid offending a
a. Over the long term, they will reduce lifespan close friend
in some people d. An elderly gentleman who refuses a peanut
b. They can promote heart disease and cancer butter and jelly sandwich because he deems
over the long term it a child’s food
c. Over the long term, they will not affect
lifespan in some people 8. The motive for a person who alters his diet due
d. When made over just a single day, they to religious convictions is most likely his
exert great harm to your health a. values.
b. body image.
4. A child’s strong dislike of noodle soup that c. ethnic heritage.
developed after she consumed some when she d. functional association.
was sick with flu is an example of a food-related
a. habit. 9. A person viewing an exciting sports match of her
b. social interaction. favorite team and eating because of nervousness
c. emotional turmoil. would be displaying a food choice behavior most
d. negative association. likely based on
a. habit.
5. A parent who offers a child a favorite snack as a b. availability.
reward for good behavior is encouraging a food c. emotional comfort.
behavior known as d. positive association.
a. social interaction.
b. reverse psychology. 10. Approximately what percentage of US
c. positive association. consumers eat home-cooked meals at least 3
d. habitual reinforcement. times per week?
a. 20
b. 40
c. 60
d. 80
2
11. All of the following are examples of functional 18. Which of the following is NOT classified as a
foods EXCEPT macronutrient?
a. tomatoes. a. Fat
b. regular oatmeal. b. Protein
c. regular white bread. c. Calcium
d. calcium-fortified juice. d. Carbohydrate

12. What is the term that defines foods that contain 19. Which of the following is an example of a
nonnutrient substances whose known action in macronutrient?
the body is to promote well-being to a greater a. Protein
extent than that contributed by the food’s b. Calcium
nutrients? c. Vitamin C
a. Fortified foods d. Vitamin D
b. Enriched foods
c. Functional foods 20. Which of the following is classified as a
d. Health-enhancing foods micronutrient?
a. Iron
13. Nonnutrient substances found in plant foods that b. Protein
show biological activity in the body are c. Alcohol
commonly known as d. Carbohydrate
a. folionutrients.
b. inorganic fibers. 21. Which of the following is an organic compound?
c. phytochemicals. a. Salt
d. phyllochemicals. b. Water
c. Calcium
14. By chemical analysis, what nutrient is present in d. Vitamin C
the highest amounts in most foods?
a. Fats 22. An essential nutrient is one that cannot be
b. Water a. found in food.
c. Proteins b. degraded by the body.
d. Carbohydrates c. made in sufficient quantities by the body.
d. used to synthesize other compounds in the
15. Approximately how much water (lbs) would be body.
found in a 120-lb person?
a. 12 23. Which of the following most accurately defines
b. 24 the term organic?
c. 36 a. Products sold at health food stores
d. 72 b. Products grown without use of pesticides
c. Foods having superior nutrient qualities
16. Which of the following is NOT one of the six d. Substances with carbon-carbon or carbon-
classes of nutrients? hydrogen bonds
a. Fiber
b. Protein 24. Which of the following is an organic nutrient?
c. Minerals a. Fat
d. Vitamins b. Water
c. Oxygen
17. A nutrient needed by the body and that must be d. Calcium
supplied by foods is termed a(n)
a. neutraceutical. 25. Approximately how many nutrients are
b. metabolic unit. considered indispensable in the diet?
c. organic nutrient. a. 15
d. essential nutrient. b. 25
c. 40
d. 55
 3
26. Which of the following cannot add fat to the 34. A normal half-cup vegetable portion weighs
body? approximately how many grams?
a. Alcohol a. 5
b. Proteins b. 50
c. Carbohydrates c. 100
d. Inorganic nutrients d. 200

27. Which of the following is an example of a 35. A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily
micronutrient? intake of 1400 kcalories, which includes 30 g of
a. Fat fat. Approximately what percentage of the total
b. Protein energy is contributed by fat?
c. Vitamin C a. 8.5
d. Carbohydrate b. 15
c. 19
28. Which of the following nutrients does not yield d. 25.5
energy during its metabolism?
a. Fat 36. A diet provides a total of 2200 kcalories, of
b. Proteins which 40% of the energy is from fat and 20%
c. Vitamins from protein. How many grams of carbohydrate
d. Carbohydrates are contained in the diet?
a. 220
29. How much energy is required to raise the b. 285
temperature of one kilogram (liter) of water c. 440
1° C? d. 880
a. 10 calories
b. 1 kilocalorie 37. What is the kcalorie value of a meal supplying
c. 10,000 calories 110 g of carbohydrates, 25 g of protein, 20 g of
d. 1000 kilocalories fat, and 5 g of alcohol?
a. 160
30. Gram for gram, which of the following provides b. 345
the most energy? c. 560
a. Fats d. 755
b. Alcohol
c. Proteins 38. Which of the following nutrient sources yields
d. Carbohydrates more than 4 kcalories per gram?
a. Plant fats
31. Food energy is commonly expressed in kcalories b. Plant proteins
and in c. Animal proteins
a. kilojoules. d. Plant carbohydrates
b. kilograms.
c. kilometers. 39. Which of the following is a result of the
d. kilonewtons. metabolism of energy nutrients?
a. Energy is released
32. International units of energy are expressed in b. Body fat increases
a. newtons. c. Energy is destroyed
b. calories. d. Body water decreases
c. kilojoules.
d. kilocalories.

33. Approximately how many milliliters are

contained in a half-cup of milk?
a. 50
b. 85
c. 120
d. 200
4
40. Which of the following statements most 47. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic
accurately describes the composition of most of the minerals?
foods? a. Yield no energy
a. They contain only one of the three energy b. Unstable to light
nutrients, although a few contain all of them c. Stable in cooked foods
b. They contain equal amounts of the three d. Structurally smaller than vitamins
energy nutrients, except for high-fat foods
c. They contain mixtures of the three energy 48. Overcooking a food is least likely to affect which
nutrients, although only one or two may of the following groups of nutrients?
predominate a. Vitamins
d. They contain only two of the three energy b. Minerals
nutrients, although there are numerous other c. Proteins
foods that contain only one d. Carbohydrates

41. In the body, the chemical energy in food can be 49. Your friend Carrie took a daily supplement of
converted to any of the following EXCEPT vitamin C and stated that she felt a lot better. Her
a. heat energy. experience is best described as a(n)
b. light energy. a. anecdote.
c. electrical energy. b. blind experiment.
d. mechanical energy. c. nutritional genomic.
d. case-control experience.
42. When consumed in excess, all of the following
can be converted to body fat and stored EXCEPT 50. The study of how a person’s genes interact with
a. sugar. nutrients is termed
b. corn oil. a. genetic counseling.
c. alcohol. b. nutritional genomics.
d. vitamin C. c. genetic metabolomics.
d. nutritional nucleic acid pool.
43. How many vitamins are known to be required in
the diet of human beings? 51. What is the meaning of a double-blind
a. 5 experiment?
b. 8 a. Both subject groups take turns getting each
c. 10 treatment
d. 13 b. Neither subjects nor researchers know which
subjects are in the control or experimental
44. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic group
of the vitamins? c. Neither group of subjects knows whether
a. Essential they are in the control or experimental
b. Inorganic group, but the researchers do know
c. Destructible d. Both subject groups know whether they are
d. kCalorie-free in the control or experimental group, but the
researchers do not know
45. Which of the following is a feature of the
minerals as nutrients? 52. In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a
a. They are organic problem is called the
b. They yield 4 kcalories per gram a. theory.
c. Some become dissolved in body fluids b. prediction.
d. Some may be destroyed during cooking c. hypothesis.
d. correlation.
46. How many minerals are known to be required in
the diet of human beings?
a. 6
b. 12
c. 16
d. 24

53. Among the following, which is the major
weakness of a laboratory-based study?
a. The costs are usually high
b. It is difficult to replicate the findings
c. The results cannot be applied to human
beings
d. Experimental variables cannot be easily
controlled
54. What is the benefit of using controls in an
experiment?
a. The size of the groups can be very large
b. The subjects do not know anything about the
experiment
c. The subjects who are treated are balanced
against the placebos
d. The subjects are similar in all respects
except for the treatment being tested
55. What is the benefit of using a large sample size
in an experiment?
a. Chance variation is ruled out
b. There will be no placebo effect
c. The experiment will be double-blind
d. The control group will be similar to the
experimental group
56. A clinical trial must involve
a. tissue cells in culture.
b. rats or mice as subjects.
c. human beings as subjects.
d. computer modeling to design the study.
57. What is the benefit of using placebos in an
experiment?
a. All subjects are similar
b. All subjects receive a treatment
c. Neither subjects nor researchers know who
is receiving treatment
d. One group of subjects receives a treatment
and the other group receives nothing
58. In nutrition research, observations of the
quantities and types of foods eaten by groups of
people and the health status of those groups are
known as
a. case-control studies.
b. epidemiological studies.
c. human intervention trials.
d. correlation-control studies.
5
59. You have been asked to help a top nutrition
researcher conduct human experiments on
vitamin C. As the subjects walk into the
laboratory, you distribute all the vitamin C pill
bottles to the girls and all the placebo pill bottles
to the boys. The researcher instantly informs you
that there are two errors in your research
practice. What steps should you have done
differently?
a. Given all the boys the vitamin C and the
girls the placebo, and told them what they
were getting
b. Distributed the bottles randomly,
randomized the subjects, and told them what
they were getting
c. Told the subjects which group they were in,
and prevented yourself from knowing the
contents of the pill bottles
d. Prevented yourself from knowing what was
in the pill bottles, and distributed the bottles
randomly to the subjects
60. Overeating and gaining body weight is an
example of a
a. variable effect.
b. positive correlation.
c. negative correlation.
d. randomization effect.
61. An increase in exercise accompanied by a
decrease in body weight is an example of a
a. variable effect.
b. positive correlation.
c. negative correlation.
d. randomization effect.
62. Before publication in a reputable journal, the
findings of a research study must undergo
scrutiny by experts in the field according to a
process known as
a. peer review.
b. cohort review.
c. intervention examination.
d. double-blind examination.
63. Which of the following is NOT a typical part of
a research article?
a. References
b. Speculation
c. Introduction
d. Review of the literature
6
64. All of the following sets of values are included
in the Dietary Reference Intakes EXCEPT
a. AI.
b. RDA.
c. EAR.
d. LUT.
65. Which of the following is NOT a set of values
within the Dietary Reference Intakes?
a. Adequate Intakes
b. Estimated Average Allowances
c. Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
d. Recommended Dietary Allowances
66. The smallest amount of a nutrient that, when
consumed over a prolonged period, maintains a
specific function is called the nutrient
a. allowance.
b. requirement.
c. tolerable limit.
d. adequate intake.
67. If a group of people consumed an amount of
protein equal to the average requirement for
their population group, what percentage would
receive insufficient amounts?
a. 2
b. 33
c. 50
d. 98
68. A health magazine contacted you for your expert
opinion on what measure best describes the
amounts of nutrients that should be consumed by
the population. Your reply should be:
a. The Dietary Reference Intakes because they
are a set of nutrient intake values for healthy
people in the United States and Canada.
b. The Tolerable Upper Intake levels because
they are the maximum daily amount of a
nutrient that appears safe for most healthy
people.
c. The Estimated Average Requirements
because they reflect the average daily
amount of a nutrient that will maintain a
specific function in half of the healthy
people of a population.
d. The Recommended Dietary Allowances
because they represent the average daily
amount of a nutrient considered adequate to
meet the known nutrient needs of practically
all healthy people.
69. Recommended Dietary Allowances may be used
to
a. measure nutrient balance of population
groups.
b. assess dietary nutrient adequacy for
individuals.
c. treat persons with diet-related illnesses.
d. calculate exact food requirements for most
individuals.
70. Recommended Dietary Allowances are based on
the
a. Lower Tolerable Limit.
b. Upper Tolerable Limit.
c. Subclinical Deficiency Value.
d. Estimated Average Requirement.
71. The amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of
about 98% of a population is termed the
a. Adequate Intake.
b. Daily Recommended Value.
c. Tolerable Upper Intake Level.
d. Recommended Dietary Allowance.
72. The RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances)
for nutrients are generally
a. more than twice as high as anyone needs.
b. the minimum amounts that average people
need.
c. designed to meet the needs of almost all
healthy people.
d. designed to prevent deficiency diseases in
half the population.
73. How are the RDA for almost all vitamin and
mineral intakes set?
a. Low, to reduce the risk of toxicity
b. High, to cover virtually all healthy
individuals
c. Extremely high, to cover every single person
d. At the mean, to cover most healthy
individuals
74. Which of the following is NOT a feature of the
Adequate Intake (AI) and the Recommended
Dietary Allowance (RDA)?
a. Both values exceed the average
requirements
b. AI values are more tentative than RDA
values
c. The percentage of people covered is known
for both values
d. Both values may serve as nutrient intake
goals for individuals
 7
75. All of the following features are shared by the 79. What does the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of a
RDA and the AI EXCEPT nutrient represent?
a. both are included in the DRI. a. The maximum amount allowed for
b. both serve as nutrient intake goals for fortifying a food
individuals. b. A number calculated by taking twice the
c. neither covers 100% of the population’s RDA or three times the AI
nutrient needs. c. The maximum allowable amount available
d. neither is useful for evaluating nutrition in supplement form
programs for groups of people. d. The maximum amount from all sources that
appears safe for most healthy people
76. Which of the following is a purpose of both the
Recommended Dietary Allowance and Adequate 80. What set of values is used to recommend the
Intake? average kcalorie intake that maintains population
a. Setting nutrient goals for individuals groups in energy balance?
b. Identifying toxic intakes of nutrients a. Estimated Energy Requirement
c. Restoring health of malnourished b. Adequate Average Requirement
individuals c. Recommended Dietary Allowance
d. Developing nutrition programs for d. Acceptable Energy Distribution Range
schoolchildren
81. The percentages of kcalorie intakes for protein,
77. Bob consumes about 2500 kcalories per day, fat, and carbohydrate that are thought to reduce
which is apportioned as 150 g of fat, 140 g of the risk of chronic diseases are termed the
carbohydrate, and 150 g of protein. What would a. Estimated Energy Requirements.
be the appropriate revisions to help Bob adjust b. Tolerable Range of Kilocalorie Intakes.
his nutrient intake so that it matches the c. Estimated Energy Nutrient
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges? Recommendations.
a. 70 g fat, 156 g protein, 313 g carbohydrate d. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution
b. 140 g fat, 150 g protein, 150 g carbohydrate Ranges.
c. 500 g fat, 750 g protein, 1250 g
carbohydrate 82. What is the AMDR for carbohydrate?
d. 10 g fat, 20 g protein, 45 g carbohydrate a. 5-10%
b. 15-25%
78. Which of the following represents a rationale for c. 30-40%
DRI energy recommendations? d. 45-65%
a. Because protein is an energy nutrient, the
figures for energy intake are set in 83. Which of the following figures falls within the
proportion to protein intake carbohydrate range of the AMDR?
b. Because a large number of people are a. 35%
overweight, the figures are set to induce a b. 50%
gradual weight loss in most individuals c. 70%
c. Because the energy needs within each d. 90%
population group show little variation, the
figures are set to meet the needs of almost 84. What is the AMDR for protein?
all individuals a. 10-35%
d. Because a margin of safety would result in b. 40-45%
excess energy intake for a large number of c. 50-65%
people, the figures are set at the average d. 70-85%
energy intake
85. What is the upper range of fat intake in the
AMDR?
a. 20%
b. 25%
c. 35%
d. 50%
8
86. What is the AMDR for fat?
a. 10-30%
b. 20-35%
c. 40-55%
d. 60-75%
87. If a person consumed the upper AMDR limit for
protein as part of a diet providing 2500 kcalories,
approximately how many grams of protein
would be ingested?
a. 41
b. 63
c. 135
d. 219
88. Which statement about the recommended
nutrient intakes is FALSE?
a. The recommendations also apply to sick
people
b. The recommendations are designed to be
met through intake of foods and not
supplements
c. It is difficult and unnecessary to meet the
recommended intakes for all nutrients each
day
d. The recommendations are neither minimum
requirements nor necessarily optimal intakes
for everybody
89. The Dietary Reference Intakes may be used to
a. treat people with diet-related disorders.
b. assess adequacy of all required nutrients.
c. plan and evaluate diets for healthy people.
d. assess adequacy of only vitamins and
minerals.
90. Which of the following is used to detect nutrient
deficiencies?
a. Assessment techniques
b. Nutrient stages identification
c. Overt symptoms identification
d. Outward manifestations assessment
91. As a registered dietitian at Jones Hospital, you
are instructed to write a policy statement on
nutrition assessment procedures for all new
patients. Which of the following are the most
useful parameters for the nutrition assessment of
individuals?
a. Diet recall, food likes and dislikes, allergies,
favorite family recipes
b. Anthropometric data, physical examinations,
food likes and dislikes, family tree
c. Diet record that includes what the patient
usually eats, which will provide sufficient
information
d. Historical information, anthropometric data,
physical examinations, laboratory tests
92. Which of the following is an anthropometric
measure?
a. Body weight
b. Blood pressure
c. Blood iron level
d. Food intake information
93. Inspection of hair, eyes, skin, and posture is part
of the nutrition assessment component known as
a. diet history.
b. anthropometrics.
c. biochemical testing.
d. physical examination.
94. Which of the following is used to determine the
presence of abnormal functions inside the body
due to a nutrient deficiency?
a. Diet history
b. Laboratory tests
c. Body weight loss
d. Physical examination
95. Which of the following represents the usual
sequence of stages in the development of a
nutrient deficiency resulting from inadequate
intake?
a. Declining nutrient stores, abnormal
functions within the body, and overt signs
b. Abnormal functions within the body,
declining nutrient stores, and overt signs
c. Abnormal functions within the body, overt
signs, and declining nutrient stores
d. Declining nutrient stores, overt signs, and
abnormal functions within the body

96. Which of the following would most likely lead to
a primary nutrient deficiency?
a. Inadequate nutrient intake
b. Reduced nutrient absorption
c. Increased nutrient excretion
d. Increased nutrient destruction
9
103. Which of the following does NOT describe a
national trend in eating habits of Americans?
a. We eat larger portions
b. We snack more frequently
c. We eat more high-fiber foods
d. We eat more meals away from home

97. What type of deficiency is caused by inadequate 104. The 5 most common causes of death today in the
absorption of a nutrient? United States include all of the following
a. Primary EXCEPT
b. Clinical a. stroke.
c. Secondary b. cancer.
d. Subclinical c. suicide.
d. heart disease.
98. A subclinical nutrient deficiency is defined as
one that 105. Of the ten leading causes of illness and death,
a. shows overt signs. how many are associated directly with nutrition?
b. is in the early stages. a. 1
c. shows resistance to treatment. b. 4
d. is similar to a secondary deficiency. c. 7
d. 10
99. Which of the following is an overt symptom of
iron deficiency? 106. Which of the following leading causes of death
a. Anemia in the U.S. does NOT bear a relationship to diet?
b. Headaches a. Cancer
c. Skin dryness b. Heart disease
d. Decreased red blood cell count c. Diabetes mellitus
d. Pneumonia and influenza
100. To identify early-stage malnutrition, a health
professional would use which of the following 107. Factors known to be related to a disease but not
parameters? proven to be causal are called
a. Laboratory tests a. risk factors.
b. Anthropometric data b. genetic factors.
c. Physical exam results c. degenerative factors.
d. Review of dietary intake data d. environmental factors.

101. What entity coordinates nutrition-related
research activities of federal agencies?
a. U.S. Public Health Service
b. Food and Drug Administration
c. Dietary Reference Intakes committee
d. The National Nutrition Monitoring program
102. The goal of Healthy People is to
a. establish the DRI.
b. identify national trends in food
consumption.
c. identify leading causes of death in the
United States.
d. set goals for the nation’s health over the next
10 years.
108. Which of the following statements defines the
association between a risk factor and the
development of a disease?
a. All people with the risk factor will develop
the disease
b. The absence of a risk factor guarantees
freedom from the disease
c. The more risk factors for a disease, the
greater the chance of developing that disease
d. The presence of a factor such as heredity can
be modified to lower the risk of
degenerative diseases
109. Which of the following factors makes the
greatest contribution to deaths in the United
States?
a. Guns
b. Alcohol
c. Tobacco
d. Automobiles
10
110. What single behavior contributes to the most
deaths in the United States?
a. Poor diet
b. Tobacco use
c. Alcohol intake
d. Sexual activity
111. Who would be the most appropriate person to
consult regarding nutrition information?
a. Chiropractor
b. Medical doctor
c. Registered dietitian
d. Health food store manager
112. All of the following are minimum requirements
for becoming a registered dietitian EXCEPT
a. earning an undergraduate degree.
b. completing up to a three-week clinical
internship or the equivalent.
c. completing approximately 60 semester hours
in nutrition and food science.
d. passing a national examination administered
by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
113. Which of the following describes the legal
limitations, if any, for a person who disseminates
dietary advice to the public?
a. The title “dietitian” can be used by anyone
in all states
b. The title “nutritionist” can be used by
anyone in all states
c. A license to practice as a nutritionist or
dietitian is required by some states
d. A license to practice as a nutritionist or
dietitian is mandatory in all states
Matching
1. Nutrient with the highest body concentration
2. Substance containing no carbon or not pertaining to living things
3. Number of indispensable nutrients for human beings
4. Most substances containing carbon-hydrogen bonds
5. Substance containing nitrogen
6. Energy (kcal) required to increase temperature of 1 kg of water from 0° C to 100° C
7. Nutrient with the highest energy density
8. Energy (kcal) yield of five grams of sugar
9. Energy (kcal) yield of one gram of alcohol
10. Number of indispensable minerals for human beings
11. An unproven statement
12. An inert medication
13. Possessing the quality of being evidence based
14. The recommended intake is set at the population mean
114. Which of the following individuals is most likely
to possess the least amount of nutrition training?
a. Dietetic technician
b. Registered dietician
c. Certified nutritionist
d. Dietetic technician, registered
115. For which of the following titles, by definition,
must the individual be college educated and pass
a national examination administered by the
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics?
a. Medical doctor
b. Registered dietician
c. Certified nutritionist
d. Certified nutrition therapist
116. Which of the following best describes a college-
educated nutrition and food specialist who is
qualified to make evaluations of the nutritional
health of people?
a. Registered dietitian
b. Licensed nutritionist
c. Master of nutrient utilization
d. Doctor of food and nutritional sciences
117. A person who assists registered dietitians has the
formal title of
a. dietetic assistant.
b. nutrition assistant.
c. dietetic technician.
d. nutrition technician.
118. All of the following are recognized, credible
sources of nutrition information EXCEPT
a. Who’s Who in Nutrition.
b. the Food and Drug Administration.
c. the United States Department of Agriculture.
d. the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
 11
15. Excess nutrient intake leads to this
16. Deficient nutrient intake leads to this
17. Measurement of physical characteristics
18. Inspection of skin, tongue, eyes, hair, and fingernails
19. A nutrient deficiency showing outward signs
20. A nutrient deficiency in the early stages

A. 7 F. Fat K. Placebo P. Overnutrition

B. 16 G. Water L. Inorganic Q. Anthropometrics
C. 20 H. Energy M. Validity R. Overt deficiency
D. 40 I. Protein N. Hypothesis S. Physical examination
E. 100 J. Organic O. Undernutrition T. Subclinical deficiency

Essay

1. Describe six behavioral or social motives governing people’s food choices.

2. Explain how food choices are influenced by habits, emotions, physical appearance, and ethnic background.
3. Discuss some of the consequences of eating in response to emotions.
4. Define the term organic. How do the properties of vitamins relate to their organic nature? Contrast these points
with the properties of inorganic compounds such as minerals.
5. List the strengths and weaknesses of epidemiological studies, laboratory-based studies, and clinical trials.
6. Explain the importance of the placebo and the double-blind technique in carrying out research studies.
7. Describe the steps involved in establishing nutrient values that make up the Dietary Reference Intakes.
8. Compare and contrast the meaning of Adequate Intakes, Recommended Dietary Allowances, Estimated
Average Requirements, and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for nutrients.
9. What approach is taken in setting recommendations for energy intakes? Why is this approach taken? How does
this approach differ from that taken for other nutrients?
10. Compare and contrast the rationales underlying dietary recommendations for individuals versus those for
populations.
11. List and discuss four methods commonly used to assess nutritional status of individuals.
12. Discuss how the results from national nutrition surveys are used by private and government agencies and
groups.
13. List the national trends of food consumption over the past 40 years.
14. List 10 goals of the Healthy People program. How successful is the program thus far?
15. Discuss the meaning and significance of the relationships between risk factors and chronic diseases.
16. List ways to identify a reliable nutrition information website.
17. A. List techniques that help identify nutrition quackery.
B. Where can you find reliable sources of nutrition information?
18. A. Explain the education and training requirements associated with obtaining registration as a dietitian.
B. List several career areas in which registered dietitians are often employed.

Answer Key (ANS = correct answer, REF = page reference, DIF = difficulty, OBJ = learning objective)

Multiple Choice
1. ANS: c REF: 3 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.0
2. ANS: b REF: 4 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.1
12
3. ANS: d REF: 3 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.0
4. ANS: d REF: 5 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.1
5. ANS: c REF: 5 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.1
6. ANS: a REF: 4 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.1
7. ANS: d REF: 5 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.1
8. ANS: a REF: 5 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.1
9. ANS: c REF: 5 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.1
10. ANS: d REF: 5 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.1
11. ANS: c REF: 6 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.1
12. ANS: c REF: 6 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.1
13. ANS: c REF: 6 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.1
14. ANS: b REF: 6 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
15. ANS: d REF: 6-7 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
16. ANS: a REF: 6 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
17. ANS: d REF: 8 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
18. ANS: c REF: 8 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
19. ANS: a REF: 8 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
20. ANS: a REF: 8|11 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
21. ANS: d REF: 7 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
22. ANS: c REF: 8 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
23. ANS: d REF: 7 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
24. ANS: a REF: 7 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
25. ANS: c REF: 8 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
26. ANS: d REF: 8-9|10 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
27. ANS: c REF: 8 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
28. ANS: c REF: 8 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
29. ANS: b REF: 8 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
30. ANS: a REF: 8 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
31. ANS: a REF: 9 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
32. ANS: c REF: 9 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
33. ANS: c REF: 9 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
34. ANS: c REF: 9 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
35. ANS: c REF: 10 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
36. ANS: a REF: 10 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
37. ANS: d REF: 9-10 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
38. ANS: a REF: 8 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
39. ANS: a REF: 10 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
40. ANS: c REF: 10 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
41. ANS: b REF: 10 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
42. ANS: d REF: 10 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
43. ANS: d REF: 11 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
44. ANS: b REF: 11 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
45. ANS: c REF: 11 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
46. ANS: c REF: 11 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
47. ANS: b REF: 7|11 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
48. ANS: b REF: 11 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
49. ANS: a REF: 12 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.3
50. ANS: b REF: 12 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.3
51. ANS: b REF: 13|15 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.3
52. ANS: c REF: 12 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.3
53. ANS: c REF: 14 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.3
54. ANS: d REF: 12|15 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.3
55. ANS: a REF: 15 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.3
56. ANS: c REF: 14 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.3
57. ANS: b REF: 15 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.3
58. ANS: b REF: 14 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.3
 13
59. ANS: d REF: 15 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.3
60. ANS: b REF: 15 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.3
61. ANS: c REF: 15 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.3
62. ANS: a REF: 16 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.3
63. ANS: b REF: 16 DIF: Knowledge level OBJ: 1.3
64. ANS: d REF: 17 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
65. ANS: b REF: 17 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
66. ANS: b REF: 17-18 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
67. ANS: c REF: 18 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.4
68. ANS: d REF: 18-19 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.4
69. ANS: b REF: 18-19 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.4
70. ANS: d REF: 18 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
71. ANS: d REF: 18 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
72. ANS: c REF: 18 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
73. ANS: b REF: 18-19 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
74. ANS: c REF: 19 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
75. ANS: d REF: 18-19 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
76. ANS: a REF: 18-19 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
77. ANS: a REF: 20 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.4
78. ANS: d REF: 20 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.4
79. ANS: d REF: 19 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
80. ANS: a REF: 20 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
81. ANS: d REF: 20 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
82. ANS: d REF: 20 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
83. ANS: b REF: 20 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.4
84. ANS: a REF: 20 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
85. ANS: c REF: 20 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
86. ANS: b REF: 20 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
87. ANS: d REF: 20 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.4
88. ANS: a REF: 20-21 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
89. ANS: c REF: 20-21 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
90. ANS: a REF: 22 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
91. ANS: d REF: 22 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.5
92. ANS: a REF: 22 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
93. ANS: d REF: 22-23 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
94. ANS: b REF: 23 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
95. ANS: a REF: 23-24 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
96. ANS: a REF: 23 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.5
97. ANS: c REF: 23 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
98. ANS: b REF: 23 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
99. ANS: b REF: 23|24 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
100. ANS: a REF: 23 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.5
101. ANS: d REF: 24 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
102. ANS: d REF: 24 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
103. ANS: c REF: 24 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
104. ANS: c REF: 25 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.6
105. ANS: b REF: 25 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.6
106. ANS: d REF: 25 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.6
107. ANS: a REF: 26 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.6
108. ANS: c REF: 26 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.6
109. ANS: c REF: 26 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.6
110. ANS: b REF: 26 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.6
111. ANS: c REF: 30 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.7
112. ANS: b REF: 30 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.7
113. ANS: c REF: 30 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.7
114. ANS: c REF: 30-31 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.7
14
115. ANS: b REF: 30-31 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.7
116. ANS: a REF: 30-31 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.7
117. ANS: c REF: 31 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.7
118. ANS: a REF: 32 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.7

Matching
1. ANS: G REF: 7 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
2. ANS: L REF: 7 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
3. ANS: D REF: 8 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
4. ANS: J REF: 7 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
5. ANS: I REF: 7 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
6. ANS: E REF: 8 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
7. ANS: F REF: 8 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
8. ANS: C REF: 8|10 DIF: Application-level OBJ: 1.2
9. ANS: A REF: 9 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
10. ANS: B REF: 11 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
11. ANS: N REF: 12|13 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.3
12. ANS: K REF: 13 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.3
13. ANS: M REF: 13 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.3
14. ANS: H REF: 20 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
15. ANS: P REF: 21 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
16. ANS: O REF: 21 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
17. ANS: Q REF: 22 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
18. ANS: S REF: 22-23 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
19. ANS: R REF: 23 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
20. ANS: T REF: 23 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5

Essay
1. REF: 4-6 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.1
2. REF: 4-6 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.1
3. REF: 5 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.1
4. REF: 7|11 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.2
5. REF: 12-15 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.3
6. REF: 15 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.3
7. REF: 17-20 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
8. REF: 17-19 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
9. REF: 20 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
10. REF: 20-21 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.4
11. REF: 22-23 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
12. REF: 24 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
13. REF: 24 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
14. REF: 24-25 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.5
15. REF: 26 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.6
16. REF: 29 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.7
17. REF: 31-32 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.7
18. REF: 30-31 DIF: Knowledge-level OBJ: 1.7
Another random document with
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the rich stillness, touched and oppressed his imagination. Great men and
proud women had passed in sumptuous pageantry through the walls of that
noble chamber; and Trafford felt their presence, and strove to exorcise them
with the fumes of a cigarette. But the impalpable dust of centuries seemed
to impregnate the air, and by-gone monarchs looked askance at him from
their dim gold frames, in a scornful wonder at the American interloper who
sat so carelessly in the seat of kings. He rose, impatient of their glances, and
walked to the window. Snow was falling. The sun that had graced and
greeted the new-crowned Queen had sunk beneath the rugged outline of the
encircling mountains; the sky, which had been of no uncertain blue, was a
nondescript monotone weeping a white haze of crystalline tears. His
thoughts harked back to the ashen face and sad eyes of the new-crowned
Queen. Why had she not grasped the fact that Karl's immurement in the
Eisenmädchen was a humane act of rescue, not a piece of callous cruelty?
She herself had experienced the same hiding-place under the same
innocuous conditions, and yet it did not seem to have occurred to her that
the spikes might still be reposing at the bottom of his overcoat pocket. That
the others should have failed to suspect the truth was only natural. That they
would be angry on discovering it, was probable—but for that he cared not
one jot.

What troubled his awakening conscience was, that good men and true
must go down before peace reigned again in the troubled monarchy of
Grimland.

After a few more minutes of such meditation, he made his way through
the Rubens-saal in the direction of the private apartments. In the corridor
leading to the Queen's chamber stood the officer on guard, and talking to
him was no less a personage than Von Hügelweiler.

"My orders are precise," the former was saying. "Her Majesty is resting
and will see no one."

"But have the goodness at least to send in my name," Von Hügelweiler

returned pettishly.

"It would be no use, Captain," retorted the other. "The Queen is resting
and must not be disturbed."
 Von Hügelweiler's disappointment showed itself plainly in his
crestfallen air.

"I want access to her Majesty," he said doggedly. "It is true that by
admitting me you risk offending the Queen, but by not admitting me you
offend me for a certainty."

"I am very sorry, Captain," said the officer in a conciliatory manner. He

was quite a young man, and he was rather alarmed at having to defy so
important a person as Von Hügelweiler had become. Still, he held stoutly to
his position in the centre of the corridor.

"You may be sorrier still, if you persist," said the Captain darkly,
detecting, as he fancied, symptoms of wavering on the other's part. "We
move in strange times, Lieutenant, and my goodwill is better worth having
than my enmity."

At this juncture, Trafford,—who had overheard this conversation, and

whose approach had been inaudible on the thick carpet of the Palace
corridor,—coughed affectedly, and advanced with admirable swagger.

"I wish to see her Majesty," he said, addressing the lieutenant on guard,
and completely ignoring Von Hügelweiler.

It was the latter, however, who answered him.

"The Queen is resting, and will see no one," he said roughly.

Trafford paid not the slightest attention to the Captain's words.

"My name is Trafford," he went on, to the officer.

The Lieutenant's face was a picture of puzzled dismay. His orders were
to conduct Trafford to the royal apartments as soon as he presented himself.
To all others he was to give the message that her Majesty was exceedingly
fatigued and would on no account see anyone. After a moment's
embarrassed indecision,—during which he felt Von Hügelweiler's eyes
absolutely scorching him,—he bade Trafford follow, and turning his back
on the furious Captain, led the way down the long corridor. Arriving at a
doorway concealed by a heavy curtain, he pushed open a massive oak portal
and signalled Trafford to enter.

The chamber in which the latter now found himself was lofty, smelling
of incense, and lit by lamps hanging from a frescoed ceiling. At the far end
was an altar garnished with many candles and a silver crucifix.

This undoubtedly was the private chapel of the Neptunburg.

"We are awaiting you," said the quiet voice of Gloria.

Trafford advanced towards the new Queen, who was standing before the
steps of the altar in the company of a priest. The chapel was dark, for the
stained-glass windows shut out most of the remaining light, and the hanging
lamps were little more than points of ruby flame. And yet he could see that
Gloria's face was still of an even pallor, and that her eyes were red from
recent tears.

"I am a woman of my word, you see," she went on in dull tones. "I
promised to marry you under certain conditions, and, those conditions being
fulfilled, I waste no time."

"You are carrying out the letter of the contract," returned Trafford, "but
are you observing the spirit? I did not bargain for a tearful bride."

"The tears are dried and gone."

"But not the cause that made them flow. You wept because you are a
woman, and the woman who regards even the formula of marriage as a little
matter has yet to see the light of day. And you wept because you are not
sure which thing conscience commands—the violation of a contract or the
taking of false vows."

"You are strangely wise to-day," she said with a faint smile. "I did not
know such intuition lurked in that wild brain of yours."

"I am right, then?"

 "I cannot say"—she hesitated. "Yes, the marriage vow is a serious thing,
and this wedding,—as I warned you,—can be no more than a solemn
mockery. I am Queen of Grimland. You are a brave man and a gentleman—
but you are not a prince of blood royal."

"The Traffords are not people of particularly humble origin," he retorted

drily.

"Nor would it affect me if they were. But the State would never sanction
my marriage with a commoner."

"Then is it worth while going through the mockery?" he demanded.

"I have asked myself that question, and the answer is that you find me
here. My word is pledged."

"Your word, but not your heart."

"Ah, but I once told you that I had no heart."

"Then you uttered a falsehood," he insisted. "Your heart,—whose

existence you deny,—bled at the thought of Karl's suffering. Your heart,
which was disposed to entertain some kindly emotion for me, has cooled
towards me because I compassed Karl's cruel demise."

"Go on, wise man!"

"I will not ask you if I am right," pursued Trafford, "for I read
acquiescence in those tear-spoiled eyes. But I will say one thing more: as
Queen of Grimland your marriage to me will be null and void. What if you
are deposed from your sovereignty, and became again Gloria von
Schattenberg, the exile?"

"That will not occur just yet," she replied.

"I am not so certain," he mused. "What if those rumours mentioned by

Gottfried were true in substance and in fact? What if Karl really escaped
with General Meyer and Saunders and others to Weissheim? What if
Grimland's King is still in his own country, alive, alert, surrounded by sage
counsel and loyal hearts? Is your position then so very sure?"

"But Karl was put into the Eisenmädchen," she protested wonderingly.

"So were you," was Trafford's retort.

"I—yes. But you had unscrewed all the spikes. The Maiden was as
harmless as an unfanged snake."

"I put those spikes in my overcoat pocket," said Trafford slowly. "They
are still—in my overcoat pocket."

For a dazed moment Gloria stood staring at him. Then she reeled—
literally—grasping at the altar rails for support.

"You put him into the Iron Maiden—to save his life?" she gasped.

"That was my rough idea. You see, I am an American, and I hate killing
things—especially brave things. There are plenty of men I would kill in the
heat of battle—one or two, perhaps, whom I would kill without much heat,
but Karl,—whatever his deeds or misdeeds,—was playing the man that
night in the Palace yard, and I would sooner have cut off my right hand then
have done him an injury. Forgive me, your Majesty, for I served you badly.
Providence, which gave me a fair share of muscle and brute courage, was
stinting to me in the matter of logic. I should have been logical and replaced
the spikes in the Eisenmädchen."

"Herr Trafford!"

A hand was laid on Trafford's arm, and in the scanty light of the
shadowy chapel the American found himself looking into eyes bright with
tears, but tears not of sorrow or vexation, but of happiness and vast relief.

"Oh, what a weight you have taken from off my heart—it was heavier
than I could bear," she murmured. "I felt like a murderess, a guilty creature
who had risen through blood to the summit of her base ambitions."

"Then I am forgiven?"
 "There is nothing to forgive. You have helped me and served me with
your splendid impetuosity and your fearless resource. A Grimlander would
have slain Karl, and crowned his service with a deed of shame. You were
illogical—and I—I almost love you for your noble lack of logic."

"You almost love me?" he asked in a trance.

"At least as much as I have ever loved——"

She broke off suddenly, and smiling upon him one of her rarest smiles,
she added: "Yes, George Trafford, I will marry you, and if the Queen of
Grimland cannot wed an American, then I will no longer be Queen of
Grimland."

Trafford gazed into the pale, brave face as he had never gazed at any
living thing. His breath caught with a short gasp. A strange fire had sprung
to quivering life in his bosom; a wild march was pealing in his ravished
ears. His feet were no longer on the chequered marble pavement of the
Chapel Royal, but somewhere in the fine regions of rolling planets and
shimmering nebulae. It was no mere human being who bent over that sweet
young face and kissed the warm tears from the drooping eyelids as he
breathed the one word "Gloria" in an echo of long-drawn sound, but a demi-
god, an heroic anachronism with the passions of Phoebus in his kindling
soul.

"I thought love was worship," he said, as he strained the slim form to
him. "So it is, and something more—something infinitely and deliciously
more."

"We are in church," she remonstrated, gently disengaging herself, "and

not alone."

But again he kissed her, and this time gently on the brow.

"I was forgetting all things save one," he said, "and that is that you love
me."

"Almost love you," she corrected, with a sigh.

 "At least as much as you loved the others," he affirmed.

"And that contents you?" she demanded, raising her eyebrows in well-
feigned astonishment.

Her question puzzled him.

"It ought not to, of course," he said with wrinkled brow. "I ought to
want all or nothing. But I would be content if it were even less you gave,
for in the dim light of this ancient chamber I seem to see the workings of
Fate."

"Then you are willing on such a basis to go on with the ceremony?"

"If you are content to do so," he returned gravely, "knowing that Karl is
alive and may prevail, and that in that event no Parliament will trouble to
undo what the good priest does this afternoon."

Gloria looked him frankly in the face.

"I, too, believe in Fate," she said softly, after a pause; and then, slipping
her arm into his, "Father Ambrose, you have been summoned here for a
purpose. Fulfil that purpose."

CHAPTER TWENTY

BERNHARDT DISTURBED

While the woman whom he had helped to a throne was being secretly
married to George Trafford, Father Bernhardt was sitting alone in his
private apartments in the Neptunburg. The room he had chosen for his use
was a small chamber on the second floor, overlooking the courtyard. The
blinds were drawn, the electric light was burning, and the ex-priest was
seated in a comfortable arm-chair reading the poems of Paul Verlaine. At
his side were a wine-glass and a big carafe containing a pale green viscous
fluid. He seemed to be enjoying his relaxation, for a smile constantly flitted
across his face, and as some mordant line appealed more especially to his
grim humour he would repeat it several times out loud in manifest
appreciation. From time to time he sipped the fluid at his elbow, and it was
remarkable that each time he did so he cast a quick look behind him as if
fully expecting to see someone.

A rap at the door brought a slight frown to his brow, and the knock had
to be repeated before he gave the necessary permission to enter. The
intruder was Von Hügelweiler.

"Well, what is it, Captain?" asked Bernhardt impatiently.

Von Hügelweiler's glance took in the nature of the other man's

diversion, and a suspicion of contempt showed itself in his curling lip.

"I have news, sir," he said.

"Out with it!"

"Karl is alive!"

"So Gottfried said. The Iron Maiden seems to have grown humane in
her old age."

Hügelweiler studied the man whose influence was then paramount in

Weidenbruck, and his contempt grew. In common with others, he had been
wont to fear Bernhardt. The burning eyes, the quick, imperious brain, the
general air of reckless strength were things that impressed the well-born
soldier, as they impressed the low-born mob. But Bernhardt sipping
absinthe was a different person from the fire-brand of the revolution, and
Hügelweiler realised that the lethargic sensualist of the arm-chair needed
strong words to rouse him.

"The Iron Maiden has not grown humane," he said, "but there is a traitor
in our midst."
 Bernhardt sipped pensively.

"How very interesting!" he said.

"Very!" echoed Hügelweiler scornfully. "Before Karl was put into the
Eisenmädchen someone had removed the spikes. The pretended execution
was nothing more nor less than a scheme to save the King's life."

"A most ingenious scheme."

Von Hügelweiler banged his fist on the table.

"That is one piece of news!" he cried irritably. "It does not seem to
move you very deeply; perhaps my second item will affect you more. The
Queen has just gone through the ceremony of marriage with Trafford the
American!"

Again Bernhardt raised his glass.

"I drink to the happy pair," he said blandly.

Hügelweiler almost screamed with vexation.

"It is scandalous!" he protested, almost with tears in his eyes. "The thing
must be annulled. The Queen of Grimland must not wed a commoner, a
foreign adventurer, a man who at a crisis turns traitor and saves the
dethroned King's life."

A spark of interest glinted into the ex-priest's eye.

"By the way," he asked, "how did you find all this out?"

The question let loose a fresh flood of indignation from the Captain. In
tones of choking wrath he told how he had been forbidden the royal
presence, and how Trafford had been accorded instant admission.

"That was too much for a man of my kidney," he went on. "I brushed
aside the young fool who was doing duty on guard, and I followed this
American pig down the corridor. I found myself in the chapel, and I hid
myself in the gloom behind a pew. Then I overheard things—pretty things,
pretty speeches, tales of the American's mercy, how he had saved the King's
life because he disliked killing a brave man. Then these two,—the Queen of
Grimland and the traitor who should have been immured in the Strafeburg,
—kissed each other and were made man and wife by a damned old fool in a
cassock."

"Always speak respectfully of the Church, my son," said Bernhardt with

exasperating mockery. "I was, myself, one of its most shining ornaments."

"Can nothing rouse you to the seriousness of the situation?" demanded

the Captain in despair.

Again Bernhardt sipped. Then he leaned back, and a slow smile spread
over his face.

"You don't drink absinthe, do you, Captain?"

"No," replied the other with an expression of disgust.

"It is a strange fluid," went on Bernhardt thoughtfully. "Sometimes it

clears the brain, so that one sees with extraordinary distinctness. But
sometimes it obfuscates the reasoning powers, so that one cannot
distinguish right from wrong. For instance, at the present moment, Herr
Trafford's action appears to me not a wicked, but a positively virtuous one.
He saved a man from a cruel death and delivers him to freedom instead of
torture."

"But the man was Karl!" expostulated Von Hügelweiler.

"I loved Karl," returned Bernhardt, unmoved, "I loved and hated him.
You,—not being an absintheur,—cannot understand the curious mental
pose that loves and hates the same being at the same time. Also I love Herr
Trafford. He got me out of the Strafeburg."

Von Hügelweiler made a gesture of despair. He felt he was talking to a

madman, one on whom sense and argument were useless and unavailing.
 "But the marriage!" he said, raising his voice unconsciously to a shout
in the desperate effort to drive home his point. "The marriage must be
cancelled! When the truth is known that Trafford helped Karl to escape he
will become the most hated man in Weidenbruck. The Queen must never
unite her fortunes with such a creature."

Bernhardt gaped, as if the matter had begun to bore him.

"Then the truth must not be known," he said, between his yawns.

"But it shall be known!" cried the soldier angrily. "I shall proclaim it
myself from the housetops. The mad American must be whipped out of the
country."

"Captain von Hügelweiler," said the ex-priest solemnly, "just now I was
enjoying two things: some deliciously bitter poetry and some deliciously
bitter liquid. At the present moment I am incapacitated by your disturbing
presence from enjoying either. Do I make myself plain?"

Von Hügelweiler turned to go with a stifled oath.

"A fine time for dissipation!" he said, as a parting shaft. "The fortunes
of the country are at stake, and Bernhardt, Father Bernhardt, the people's
leader, the man of the hour, swills absinthe and absorbs the pernicious
writings of a decadent poetaster."

In a flash the ex-priest was on his feet, with blazing eyes and an air of
almost terrible menace. Von Hügelweiler thought he had been talking to a
sodden drunkard. He found himself confronted by the embodiment of
masterful and savage energy.

"You fool!" cried Bernhardt in tones of withering contempt. "May not a

man rest? May not a strange man rest in a strange way? I do the work of a
hundred—must not the brain be fed and the nerves braced to meet the
strain?"

The Captain shrugged his shoulders weakly. Despite his own strong
feelings, the other's imperiousness cowed him.
 "Go!" continued Bernhardt, pointing to the door. "Go, and hold your
peace! Tell nobody this tale of Karl's escape and who contrived it. Tell no
one this tale of the secret marriage in the Chapel Royal. I forbid you to
speak. The nation's destinies are in my keeping, not yours."

Von Hügelweiler went to the door, smarting under the lash of the
tongue.

"Has the American bewitched you, as he has bewitched Gloria von

Schattenberg?" he asked, summoning up a spark of courage before quitting
the room.

"Aye," retorted Bernhardt, "he has certain very fascinating qualities. He

is a man, Von Hügelweiler. Pray to your God, if you believe in Him, to
make you one."

And with an oath on his lips, and wrath and rebellion in his heart, Von
Hügelweiler flung himself from the ex-priest's chamber.

CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE

DREAMS

The following morning George Trafford awoke from sweet dreams to

the pleasant consciousness of hot coffee and crisp rolls. He was still
occupying apartments in the Hôtel Concordia, and it was a waiter in that
excellent establishment who roused him from the glories of slumberland at
the hour of 8.30.

"Good-morning, Rudolf," said Trafford, opening a reluctant eye. "I trust

you have not forgotten my honey this morning."
 "I have brought the honey, your Excellency; also a letter." Trafford
glanced at the handwriting on the envelope.

"Sweeter also than the honey and the honeycomb," he murmured. "A
letter from dreamland, Rudolf! Tell me, Rudolf, do waiters dream?"

The man laughed.

"Not often, Excellency. They are too busy by day. Once I dreamed that I
was appointed headwaiter at the Concordia."

"Ah! you are ambitious, Rudolf. My dreams are less exalted. I only
dreamed that a certain gnadiges fräulein did more than 'almost' love me;
that she even cared for me 'more than the others.' It was not a bad dream,
Rudolf," he added, casting his eyes over the missive, "and the letter is not a
bad awakening."

"You have read it, Excellency?"

"Yes, it is short and sweet. 'Meet me at the confectioner's at the corner

of the Königstrasse and the Etizabethstrasse at eleven.' That is all, but the
imagination riots at the choice of rendezvous. A sensuous woman would
have chosen a restaurant, an extravagant one a milliner's. Only a sweet one
could have thought of a pastrycook's."

"I wish your Excellency joy."

"Thank you, Rudolf; my small change is reposing on the edge of the

mantelpiece; kindly select a five-krone piece and drink to my good
fortune."

At eleven o'clock Trafford was waiting outside a big corner shop, whose
ample windows revealed an alluring wealth of edible magnificence. Hardly
had the church clock finished striking when a young woman drew near. The
combination of blue veil and Russian sables was one Trafford had seen
before, and being in uniform he saluted.

"Come inside," said Gloria.

 Trafford followed obediently.

"It's so like you to meet me in a place of this kind," he said.

"We must meet somewhere," she returned, and there was a half-
mischievous glint in the eyes that looked back into his eyes as she added:
—"after what happened yesterday. It's no good meeting at the Neptunburg
—a palace has all the luxuries of an ideal home, except privacy. This is one
of the places where I was known in my days of exile, and they will serve us
chocolate and éclairs in a private room."

"Do you know I dreamed of you last night," began Trafford, as soon as
they were alone in a cosy little room at the back.

"Naturally," she laughed.

"And in my dream you were very kind."

"Again, naturally."

"I mean," said Trafford tentatively, "you loved me 'more than the
others.'"

"You are most diverting," she said, smiling.

Trafford winced.

"You are not taking me very seriously?" he asked.

"How can I take anything very seriously? If I did, I should go mad. I am

a Queen, and Queens must marry. Custom compels. As an exile I had no
difficulty in maintaining my spinsterhood. Now, it is different. If I do not
marry you—marry you, mind, not merely go through a marriage form with
you—I shall be wedded to some young German or Austrian Princeling,
whose standard of manhood is measured by the number of beer seidles he
can empty in an evening."

"I am flattered. And now for a few practical considerations. Supposing

you marry me—and like you, I am using the word in its fullest sense—what
will be the result? What will the public say?"

"The public will say little, but it will do a good deal," said Gloria
grimly. "It is true we are moving in a time of great changes; it is true that
for the moment you are a very popular person. But it is also true that I am a
Queen and you a commoner, and Grimlanders like their Royalty undiluted.
If we proclaimed ourselves man and wife we should be wise to board the
Orient express at Gleis, and steam westward to Ostend or eastward to
Constantinople."

"And you would really—really object to that course?" asked Trafford a

little sadly. "Yesterday afternoon you said, 'If the Queen of Grimland may
not wed an American I will no longer be Queen of Grimland.'"

"Ah, but I spoke in a moment of enthusiasm," declared Gloria

unblushingly. "I had been oppressed by the nightmare of Karl's supposed
assassination. The fact that he had not really been killed, that it was your
ready wit that saved him from a cruel end, warmed my heart wonderfully
towards you. But if you had your dream last night, so had I. Mine was less
sentimental but equally pleasant. In it I saw myself Queen of Grimland,
Queen of a whole country, with no district in revolt against me. Karl had
been defeated, captured, and exiled. I was the reigning sovereign of a loyal
and loving people."

Trafford nodded gravely.

"That is the dream of a Schattenberg," he said. "It is much the same

dream that your father dreamed before he fell into the great sleep where
there are no dreams. But it is not the dream of the woman I kissed yesterday
afternoon in the Chapel Royal of the Neptunburg."

Gloria's eyes fell before his steadfast gaze. Her face softened; it
saddened under a wave of emotion—an emotion, the instant expression of
which, though easily attributable to her actress-temperament, was
nevertheless based on something far deeper.

"I wonder if I am a hard woman," she began, still looking down. "Years
of exile, of earning one's living on the variety stage, striving—surely these
are not softening influences." She paused for him to add some sympathetic
word. Whether he intended to do so or not, he forgot it on meeting the eyes
that now were looking him through and through, as she continued: "But I do
not unsay what I said yesterday! I really like you, immensely—and perhaps
I almost love you."

Trafford took her hand and kissed it rapturously; she almost snatched it
away, and there was a ring of steel in the tones that now declared:

"But I have tasted power, and now that the horror of Karl's death is no
longer on my conscience, I wish to be the unopposed ruler of my country."

"Even though the process of establishing your rule costs the lives of
brave men?"

Again she dropped her eyes—was silenced. She sipped her chocolate.
When she spoke, it was quietly and with absolute conviction.

"If I had known what Father Bernhardt told us, that Karl was really a
humane man and was absolutely innocent of the Archbishop's death, I don't
believe I should have headed a rebellion against him. But—rightly or
wrongly—the rebellion has succeeded and the seat of government is mine.
To falter now would be to cause more misery and bloodshed than to go on.
The people have declared against Karl, and Karl they will not have at any
price. If I were to abdicate, some other adventurer would take my place. To
withdraw myself from Grimland now would be to leave my friends to the
certain reprisals of their enemies."

"Your argument is flawless," acknowledged Trafford. "I am de trop.

Ambition, to say nothing of humanity, leaves you but one course. Neither
do I complain—though I shall return a disappointed man. You are not
heartless, far from it, for yesterday in a moment of golden light I caught a
glimpse of a great splendour, the gorgeous harmonies of a woman's heart.
The vision has faded, and again I say I do not complain. On the contrary, I
thank Providence for the vision of what might have been."

A more prolonged silence followed these words. Trafford busied

himself with his éclair, while his companion continued to stir her chocolate,
till a veritable whirlpool formed in its opaque depths. At last she looked up.

"Of course, I'm not heartless," she said,—and she smiled as a coquette
might smile on being told that her flirtations were dangerous,—"and of
course, I like you very much, only you miss the whole gist of my argument.
If we announce our marriage now we shall be drummed out of the country.
That might suit you, but it doesn't harmonise with the ideals that have been
instilled into me from my earliest years. If you accompany me in this
projected expedition to Weissheim,—not as my husband, but as my officer,
—if you exert your skill and valour on my behalf and help to capture Karl
and win me back my old home—the Marienkastel—there is no knowing
what the enthusiasm of the Grimlander would not do for you. If we return
as conquerers, what more fitting crown to our pageant than the union of the
vindicated Queen and her triumphant General?"

Trafford gazed at the mantled cheek and the light of expectancy that
shone in her eyes now. Certain words of Saunders' came back, ringing in his
ears: "When you really fall in love you will refuse to take 'No' for an
answer. In the words of the pre-historic doggerel, you will 'try, try again.'"

"I see," he said, "I have done something, but I have not done enough. I
will accompany you to Weissheim—a unit of your force—and I will do my
best to serve your cause. What has passed between us is nothing, must make
no difference in our relations, is merely the burlesque conclusion of a
burlesque compact. I thought I saw the working of Fate in the incensed
gloom of the Chapel Royal. The next few weeks will prove me an idle
visionary or a true seer." He paused. "Which do you wish me to prove?"

She rose to her feet, opened her sable cloak, and disengaged a pearl
brooch from her neck. Bending over him so that her breath swept his cheek,
she fastened the trinket to the lapel of his green tunic, and finished his
subjugation with a long look into his eyes.

"A true seer," she answered.

 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO

THE WAR ON THE WINE-SHOP

Outside the confectioner's Gloria let down her veil again, and turned her
steps towards the Neptunburg. Trafford, at her request, took the opposite
direction. His habitually fierce features wore a grimmer look than ever,—
for his brows were knit and his teeth set,—and there was a dangerous gleam
in his grey eyes. He was the prey to a host of indefinable emotions, that
worked his turbulent spirit to its most aggressive mood. Disappointment, a
tinge of bitterness, coupled with a wild sense of intoxication,—caused by
the Princess's last relenting act of grace,—had strung his fine nervous
system to a point when it demanded violent action as the only possible
relief. Had he been at Harvard he would have kindled a bonfire; had Karl
been within a reasonable radius of his activity he would have headed a
cutting-out expedition to capture that unhappy monarch. As it was, he
walked fast, bending his steps unconsciously towards his hotel. The sky
showed a pale blue between the lines of house-tops, for as usual the sun was
having its morning duel with the white fog that haunts the streets of
Weidenbruck at this period of the year. The sun was winning, too,—as it
generally did for an hour or so,—and even causing the huge icicles that
hung from the eaves to drip a little at their sharp and glistening extremities.
But Trafford noted none of these things.

"I am very ill or very much too well," he said to himself, in diagnosis of
his own feverish unrest. "If I were an Elizabethan courtier I should write a
sonnet; if I were an ordinary American I should play tennis or golf. Being
neither, I am suffering the torments of a wild beast in a small cage; my
brain is bursting from enforced inaction. Saunders, who is always right,
calls me a madman, and to justify his opinion I shall probably break a shop
window in about two minutes."

Whether or no he had the slightest intention of putting his insane threat

into execution, he looked behind him to see if he were observed. A couple
of men were following a few paces in his rear. To his excited fancy there
seemed something sinister about their muffled forms. One carried a thick
stick, and both seemed to look on him with eyes of malice.

"As I live, I believe they are going to attack me," he said gleefully to
himself. "No," he reflected, "the wish is father to the thought. There is not
the slightest reason why they should attack me. They are probably
respectable burghers doing a morning's shopping in the Königstrasse."

The original idea, however, fascinated him, and he stopped; the men
stopped too. He went on, and the men went on, and a backward glance told
him that they were summoning a third person from across the street, and
pointing at him as an object either of curiosity or offence. He continued his
walk with a wild hope in his heart, and in the course of a hundred yards the
hope became a certainty. A small crowd was now dogging his footsteps,
and such uncomplimentary references as "traitor," "spy" and "schweinhund"
assailed his ears. The situation would have alarmed most men, and would
have accorded even "Nervy" Trafford a certain measure of uneasiness under
ordinary conditions. But in his present state of psychical unrest the
atmosphere of danger had a marvellously relieving effect. The fever went
out of his bones, his blood slackened to a normal speed, his brain adjusted
itself to meet the crisis. He was still spoiling for a fight, but seething
pugnacity had given way to ice-cool combativeness. He walked on without
quickening his pace, and though he looked neither to right nor left, he felt
instinctively that the numbers of his retinue were swelling fast. The hum of
muttered execrations rose to a stronger note, and every yard of his progress
brought fresh idlers in his wake. From time to time he passed a policeman,
but these were gorgeously uniformed officials whose idea of upholding
civic dignity was to adopt a pose of statuesque aloofness to things human
and divine.

Presently a piece of frozen snow struck him on the nape of his neck. He
swung round in a fury, and as he did so the foremost of the pack struck his
shako from his head.

"Von Hügelweiler!" he cried, recognising in his roughly-clad assailant

the Captain of the Guard; and quick as thought he planted a sledge-hammer
blow full in his rival's face. The Captain staggered and fell, and profiting by
the diversion, Trafford crossed the wide street and plunged into a narrow
alley. He was running now, doubling in and out of the congested slums that
formed this quarter of the town: and if there was no fear in his heart, there
was a growing appreciation of the fact that his life was in danger, and that a
single-handed contest with an infuriated mob was an unsatisfactory way of
working off superfluous energy. For a space he threaded his rapid way
through the winding alleys round the Goose-market, but the hue and cry
was strong, and the neighbourhood seemed momentarily more fit for deeds
of violence.

But Trafford had not lost his head, and there was a motive in his flight
that was born of quick thought and prospective vengeance rather than panic
fear. At the door of a certain wine-shop he halted breathless; a backward
glance showed his nearest pursuer fifty yards distant.

"Herr Krantz!" he called, bursting into the brasserie.

"Mein Herr?"

"Do you recognise me?"

The man surveyed him coolly.

"I never forget a face, Excellency," he answered.

"Good!" said Trafford. "And are you still loyal to the good Queen
Gloria?"

The man nodded as if the question was unnecessary.

"Then you will help me," said Trafford; "I am being attacked by her
enemies."

Hardly had he spoken when a wild-looking man entered the shop with
upraised bludgeon and a cry of "Traitor!" Trafford picked up a convenient
beer-can and floored the intruder with a well-directed blow.

"Close the door and shut the shutters!" called out Trafford, drawing his
sword and holding at bay a couple of ruffians who had outrun the main
body of his pursuers.