PE:431

Well Logging

Office: 3th Floor @ Engineering Labs building

Email: Essatabar@su.edu.ly
Phone: (+218)919734091
 Porosity Logs
• Types of Porosity logs
1) Sonic Log
2) Density Log
3) Neutron Log
• None of these logs measure porosity directly
• The density and neutron log are nuclear
measurements
• The sonic log uses acoustic measurements
• A combination of these logs gives good indications for
lithology and more accurate estimates of porosity.
 Sonic Log
• The sonic log is a porosity log that measures
interval transit time (∆t) of a compressional
sound wave traveling through one foot of
formation.
• The sonic log device consists of one or more
sound transmitters, and two or more receivers.
• Interval transit time (∆t) in microseconds per
foot (μsec/ft).

• Interval transit time is recorded in track #2or 3

The interval transit time (∆t) is dependent upon
both lithology and porosity.
 The Principle of Work
 The sound waves generally travel faster through the
solid formation than through the pours formation.
 The Interval transit time (∆t) in microseconds per
foot (μsec/ft). Used to calculate porosity
 The travel time can be used to estimate the Primary
Porosity only.
 The wave form contains shear, compressional,
stonely, and mud waves
Principle of log
 The sonic measurements can be used to
calculate the primary porosity of the
formation.

Where:)

 The difference between the total density porosity and

sonic can determine the secondary porosity
• Hydrocarbon effects:
• The ∆t is increased due to HC therefore:
Unit:
∆t or AC=(µsec/ft) 40 140
Symbol=ɸ
Uses:
 Porosity analysis in liquid filled open holes
 Lithology determination
 Unconsolidated Formations….. Cont.
• Where a sonic log is used to determine porosity in unconsolidated sands,
an empirical compaction factor (Cp) should be added to the Wyllie et al.
(1958) equation:

Where:
Cp = compaction factor
The compaction factor is obtained from the following formula:

Where:
tsh = interval transit time in a shale adjacent to the formation of interest.
C = a constant which is normally 1.0 (Hilchie,.)1978)
Figure 1. Example sonic log with gamma ray
log and caliper.
Example of Sonic Log
Example of Sonic Log
 Calculation
• ∆tlog = 63 µsec/ft
• ∆t mat= 47.6 µsec/ft
• ∆tf= 189 µsec/ft

• ɸs=0.10
= 0.1x0.7= 0.07=7%

= 0.1x0.9=0.09=9%
Example
 Reference
• Well logging - sonic log
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQv9QZGJe
nQ
Well logging Lab