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Comparison of One-Site vs Multi-Site calibration schemes for

hydrological modelling of nested catchments in the West African Sahel

Presentation · June 2022

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26679.39842

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Patrick Gbohoui Roland Yonaba

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COMPARISON OF ONE-SITE VS MULTI-SITE CALIBRATION
SCHEMES FOR HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING OF NESTED
CATCHMENTS IN THE WEST AFRICAN SAHEL
P. Y. Gbohoui, R. Yonaba, Tazen Fowé, B. Elégbédé Manou, T. Bacharou, Y-C.
Hountondji, E. Amoussou, L. O. Sintondji, J-E. Paturel, H. Karambiri, H. Yacouba

Presented by: Yetchékpo Patrick GBOHOUI

patrickgbohoui@gmail.com

Montpellier, 03/06/2022
Introduction Study area and data Methodology Results and discussions Conclusion

Inability of
hydrological
models to simulate
Alteration of runoff if detailed
Context

catchment natural and accurate data

hydrological is not available
Climate Change behaviour
(CC);
Land Use Land
Cover Change
(LULCC);
Land management
Introduction
Context: The Sahel and global change Study area and data Methodology Results and discussions Conclusion

Sahel
c) Significant decrease in vegetation
cover
(OCDE, 2010)

a) Variation coefficient of annual rainfall

rainfall
Wet period Drought
recovery
period
d) Soil overcrusting

Sahelian Hydrological
Paradoxes
(Galle et al., 2018) Inability of hydrological
b) Standardized precipitation indices (SPI) de 1950 à 2018
models to simulate runoff
Introduction
Objective, research question and hypothesis Study area and data Methodology Results and discussions Conclusion

Research question

• How to improve runoff simulations in catchments strongly

affected by climate and environmental changes?

Objective

• Evaluate one-site calibration technique (catchment

outlet) and different multi-site calibration schemes in
catchments located in the West Africa Sahel

Hypothesis

• Multi-site modelling, especially that including nested sub-

basins, improves runoff simulation
Introduction
Sahelian part of White Volta catchment Study area and data Methodology Results and discussions Conclusion

Basins Km2
Dombré: 1 060
Rambo: 2 471
Ramsa: 3 826
Wayen: 21 178

Data collection period : 1965-2018

Common data period of runoff gauges : 2006-2012
Introduction Study area and data Methodology Results and discussions Conclusion

➢ LULC
(1992)
LULC and soil data

➢ Soil data: FAO database (crystalline geological basements)

Introduction
Hydrological model choice Study area and data Methodology Results and discussions Conclusion

Multi-Site Distributed
modelling model

SWAT (https://swat.tamu.edu/), physically-

based and semi-distributed hydrological
modelling tool
Introduction
Model setup Study area and data Methodology Results and discussions Conclusion

Spatial discretization: 40 HRU

HRU: Hydrological Response Unit

Model setup under ArcSWAT SWAT-CUP 2012_5.1.6 with the

2012.10_5.21 interface:
❑ HRU creation
❑ Integration of climate and water
reservoirs data;
❑ Selection of methods for calculating the
water balance components
SUFI2 algorithm
Model sensitivity/uncertainty
analysis and calibration/validation
Objective function: KGE
Evaluation criteria: KGE/PBIAS
Introduction Study area and data Methodology Results and discussions Conclusion

Each
One-site calibration Simulation at One Site modelling
at Wayen Wayen scheme (OS) scheme = 2
iterations for
Multi-Site parameters
Calibration with all catchments
Model calibration et
including nested sub-basins: Rambo, scheme 1
Modelling schemes

set up 1 iteration for

Dombré, Ramsa and Wayen (MS1) runoff
simulation
Calibration without Multi-Site 1 iteration =
Simulation at
nested sub-basins: scheme 2 500
Wayen
Rambo, Dombré (MS2) simulations

a) Modelling schemes

Ramsa Dombré
Basins Km2
Dombré: 1 060
Rambo: 2 471 Rambo
Ramsa: 3 826
Wayen: 21 178

Wayen b) Spatial distribution of runoff gauges

Introduction Study area and data Methodology Results and discussions Conclusion

a) Daily runoffs at Wayen

Runoffs simulated at Wayen

KGE>0.50; Better results than Sood et al., 2013; Poméon et al., 2018

b) Water balance of White Volta

catchment at Wayen

Evapotranspiration is the dominant

term in the water balance as in the
Sahel (Derive, 2003)
Introduction Study area and data Methodology Results and discussions Conclusion

Criterion OS MS1 MS2 OS: Calibration at Wayen

MS1: Calibration with all gauges
KGE 0.73 0.68 0.75 MS2: Calibration with Dombré and
One-Site vs Multi-Site modelling

PBIAS (%) -1.30 -22.9 -1.70 Rambo gauges

a) Results of the different modelling schemes

Ramsa Dombré

Rambo Multi-site modelling with non-

nested sub-basins gives the
optimal result

Wayen
b) Spatial distribution of runoff gauges

Why is multi-site modelling with nested sub-basins not the best

modelling scheme?: operating mode of the optimization algorithms?
Introduction Study area and data Methodology Results and discussions Conclusion

Multi-site modelling without nested sub-basins is the best

modelling scheme

How can optimization algorithms be improved to better simulate runoff with nested sub-
basin data?
Multi-site modelling with non-nested sub-basins is the best modelling scheme

THANKS

SIVAPALAN
Projet Nelson Mandela Institutes-African YOUNG
Institutions of Science and Technology (NMI-AIST) SCIENTISTS
View publication stats Project n◦:P-Z1-IA0− 013, Grant n◦:2100155032824 TRAVEL AWARD