_ - _______

bavSvis uflebebi da
Jurnalisturi praqtika -
uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma
bavSvis
uflebebi
uflebebis
dacva
da Jurnalisturi
praqtika -
bavSvTa parlamentebi
uflebebze
dafuZnebuli ras unda moicavdes kodeqsi?
presis Tavisufleba midgoma

bavSvis uflebebi da
Jurnalisturi praqtika -
2011 weli
saswavlo kursi momzadda centraluri da aRmosavleT evropisa da damoukide-
bel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis gaeros bavSvTa fondis (iunisefi) regionu-
li ofisis dakveTiT dublinis teqnologiuri institutis media skolis mier.
© ìunisefi~ - dublinis teqnologiis instituti, 2007 w.

© qarTuli Targmani da gamocema, gaeros bavSvTa fondis saqarTvelos
warmomadgenloba, 2011 w.
saxelmZRvanelos qarTuli variantis SemuSavebasa da adaptaciaSi monawileobd-

nen: daviT paiWaZe, ilias saxelobis universiteti; marine vaSaymaZe, Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universiteti; maia miqaSaviZe, Jurnalistikisa da media menejmen-
tis kavkasiuri skola; naTia kalaZe, saqarTvelos universiteti; maia qurcikiZe,
gaeros bavSvTa fondi.
masalebis mowodebisaTvis madlobas vuxdiT eqspertebs: Tamar korZaias, marine

kvaWaZes, Teona kuWavasa da nato zazaSvils.
sarCevi
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika –

uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma ............................................................................6
winasityvaoba...........................................................................................................6
nawili pirveli: `gaicaniT bavSvis uflebebi~ ......................................................8
1. adamianis uflebaTa cnebis warmodgena ..........................................................8
adamianis uflebebi da bunebiTi uflebebi ........................................................8
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia..................................................10
uflebebis dacva................................................................................................... 11
2. bavSvis uflebebi ................................................................................................14

bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia ...............................................................................15
bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti ................................................................................17
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba da bavSvTa uflebebi .......................................18
gamoxatvis Tavisufleba da bavSvis uflebebis
dacva qarTul kanonmdeblobaSi ........................................................................28
3. bavSvis uflebebi da media ...............................................................................30

òslos gamowveva~ ................................................................................................30
mediis gavlena axalgazrdebze ...........................................................................31
bavSvebis asaxva mediaSi .......................................................................................32
mediis mier bavSvebis eqspluatacia ..................................................................33
bavSvebis monawileoba mediaSi............................................................................34
mediis mxridan bavSvze zemoqmedebis fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi ...................35
4. winaaRmdegobebi bavSvTa uflebebis ganxorcielebis gzaze ...................39

adamianis uflebaTa dacva ..................................................................................39
bavSvis uflebaTa dacva ......................................................................................40
problemebi bavSvTa uflebebis realizebaSi ...................................................42
bavSvTa uflebebTan dakavSirebul problemebze reagireba .........................43
5. mediis mier bavSvebis asaxva, bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli

pasuxismgebloba ..................................................................................................46
bavSvebis warmodgena masobrivi informaciis saSualebebSi ..........................46
stereotipebi mediaSi ..........................................................................................48
bavSvTa uflebebis darRveva ..............................................................................49
bavSvTa dacva ........................................................................................................49
media axali TaobisTvis .......................................................................................51
profesiuli pasuxismgebloba.............................................................................51
Sida regulireba...................................................................................................52
bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas mediis eTikisa da JurnalistTa
profesiuli standartebis dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi .............................55
6. informaciis gavrcelebis saukeTeso praqtika bavSvebis
Sexedulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.....................................................................57
`msoflio bavSvebisaTvis~ ...................................................................................57
bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebi ...............................58
bavSvebis monawileoba..........................................................................................59
monawileobiT miRebuli sargebloba ................................................................60
perspeqtivebi bavSvebisTvis: magaliTebi ..........................................................61
bavSvTa parlamentebi...........................................................................................62
monawileobisTvis arsebuli barierebi .............................................................64
Tavi 2: bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli Jurnalisturi praqtika ............... 66

1. qcevis kodeqsebi da saredaqcio saxelmZRvanelo principebi.................66
Jurnalistikis kodeqsebis ganviTareba ............................................................66
presis Tavisufleba .............................................................................................68
ras unda moicavdes kodeqsi? .............................................................................70
mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi ............................................................71
saerTaSoriso kodeqsebi .....................................................................................72
bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli qcevis kodeqsi........................................................73
JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis saxelmZRvanelo principebi
bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebisTvis ......................................74
bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli: eTikuri saxelmZRvanelo
principebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebisaTvis ................76
mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi saqarTveloSi ...................................77
danarTebi .................................................................................................................81
`bi-bi-si~-s saredaqcio principebi bavSvebis
gaSuqebasTan dakavSirebiT..................................................................................81
Jurnalistebis statusi da Jurnalisturi eTika: JurnalistTa
saerTaSoriso federaciis principebi ..............................................................84
JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis deklaracia
Jurnalisturi qcevis principebis Sesaxeb .......................................................88
saqarTvelos Jurnalisturi eTikis qartia ................................................... 89
2. bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi ............................................................................91

bavSvTa dacva ........................................................................................................91
bavSvTa dacva organizaciebSi ............................................................................94
mediis bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi ...................................................................95
3. kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi ...........................................................97

konkretuli magaliTis ganxilva: TviTneburi dakavebis sakiTxebze
momuSave jgufi.....................................................................................................99
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asaki ...................................................103
media da kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi: vinaobis dacva ..................105
konkretuli magaliTi (1): didi britaneTi: meri beli ................................105
konkretuli magaliTi (2): didi britaneTi: jeims balgeris mkvlelebi ....106
ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso dokumentebi arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebis sferoSi.......................................................................... 107
arasruwlovanTa marTlsamjulebis ZiriTadi
saerTaSoriso principebi ............................................................................... 108
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistema saqarTveloSi ..................... 112
4. siuJetebisa da wyaroebis moZieba ................................................................121

Jurnalistis roli.............................................................................................121
bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb masalebis
momzadebisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebi .............................................................123
ìunisefis~ saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli
sakiTxebis gaSuqebisaTvis .................................................................................124
gaeros konvenciasTan dakavSirebiT kiTxvebis dasma ...................................125
statiebisa da siuJetebis wyaroebi .................................................................126
ZiriTadi terminebi wyaroebTan urTierTobisas ..........................................130
5. bavSvebisagan intervius aReba.......................................................................131

fotoebSi bavSvebis gamoyeneba .........................................................................134
ìunisefis~ saxelmZRvanelo principebi bavSvebisagan
intervius aRebasTan dakavSirebiT ..................................................................135
intervius Semdeg... ...........................................................................................136
“gadavarCinoT bavSvebi”-s saxelmZRvanelo principebi bavSvebisgan
intervius aRebasTan dakavSirebiT ..................................................................136
6. bavSvebi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros ..............................................138

media da bavSvebi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros ......................................142
7. sityvis Tavisufleba bavSvebs da bavSvebze orientirebuli media .....146

bavSvebis monawileoba mediaSi..........................................................................148
bavSvebTan erTad da bavSvebisTvis momzadebuli mediaprogramebis
dadebiTi mxareebi ..............................................................................................149
globaluri konteqsti.......................................................................................151
mediaSi bavSvebis mizanmimarTuli monawileobis winaSe arsebuli
sirTuleebi da winaaRmdegobebi ......................................................................152
8. saukeTeso Jurnalisturi praqtika bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT ...............155

saukeTeso praqtikis magaliTebi .....................................................................156
6
bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika –

winasityvaoba
mivesalmebiT JursnalistebisTvis bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb saxelmZRvanelos

mkiTxvels.
saxelmZRvanelos mizania mogawodoT is ZiriTadi ideebi da informacia,

romlebic dagexmarebaT axali ambebis pasuxismgeblobiT, bavSvTa uflebebis
dacviTa da maT mimarT pativiscemiT gaSuqebaSi.
saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoyenebuli midgoma

organizacia àdamianis uflebaTa ganaTlebis asociacia~ (HREA) gvTavazobs
saswavlo piramidas, romelic Sedgeba adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis sami
ZiriTadi modelisagan. qveda aris `faseulobebisa da informirebulobis modeli~,
Sua - „angariSvaldebulebis modeli~, xolo zeda - `transformaciuli modeli~.
modeli 1 - faseulobebi da informirebuloba

faseulobebisa da informirebulobis modelSi adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi
ganaTlebis ZiriTadi amocanaa adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli
sabaziso codnis gadacema. am modelis mizania, `xeli Seewyos iseTi
msoflios mSeneblobas, sadac pativiscemiT ekidebian adamianis uflebebs.
es miiRweva im miznebis gaTviTcnobierebiTa da erTgulebiT, romlebic
Camoyalibebulia àdamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciasa~ da sxva
ZiriTad dokumentebSi~ (àdamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis axali
modelebi~, felisa tibitsi, `ganaTlebis saerTaSoriso mimoxilva~ - adamianis
uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebisadmi miZRvnili specialuri gamocema, 2002).
faseulobebisa da informirebulobis modelis magaliTebia sazogadoebaSi
codnis gavrcelebis kampaniebi, axalgazrduli programebi da saskolo da
sauniversiteto saganmanaTleblo programebi.
modeli 2 – angariSvaldebuleba
mosalodnelia, rom am modelis dawyebisas monawileebs ukve hqondeT warmodgena
adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. isic mosalodnelia, rom isini
uSualod Tu arapirdapiri gziT monawileobdnen adamianis uflebebis dacvaSi.
es modeli yuradRebas amaxvilebs adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da lobirebis
unarebis ganviTarebasa da adamianis uflebaTa samarTlis ufro Rrmad gagebis
xelSewyobaze. angariSvaldebulebis modelis magaliTebia treningebi adamianis
uflebebis sferoSi moRvawe aqtivistebis an im adamianebisaTvis, visac evaleba
adamianis uflebaTa Selaxvis SemTxvevebis dokumenturi saxiT dafiqsireba.
modeli 3 – transformaciuli
es modeli miznad isaxavs, daexmaros adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis faqtebis
bavSvTa uflebebi da Jurnalistika - saxelmZRvanelo studentebisaTvis
7
mowmeebs da msxverplebs. adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis es forma

SeiZleba gamodges, rogorc calkeuli adamianebis, ise mTlianad TemebisTvis.
transformaciuli modelis mizania, misces monawileebs SesaZlebloba, daicvan
sakuTari Tavi da sakuTari Temebi adamianis uflebaTa darRvevisagan. am modelis
magaliTebia ltolvilTa banakSi ganxorcielebuli programebi da jgufuri
daxmarebis programebi ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTaTvis.
vinaidan modulis amocanaa treningSi monawile JurnalistebisaTvis iseTi

informaciis miwodeba, romelic maT sWirdebaT bavSvTa uflebebTan dakavSirebuli
axali ambebis pasuxismgeblobiT gaSuqebis unaris ganviTarebisTvis, gamoviyenebT
faseulobebisa da informirebulobis models – konkretuli aqcentiT
bavSvis uflebebze. modulis mizania ara adamianis uflebebis sferoSi moRvawe
aqtivistebis Camoyalibeba, aramed bavSvebTan da maT uflebebTan dakavSirebuli
Temebis pasuxismgeblobiT gaSuqebis unaris ganviTareba.
am modulis gavlis Semdeg Tqven SeZlebT gaigoT, ras warmoadgens bavSvTa

uflebebi, gansakuTrebiT gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis konteqstSi.
Tqven aseve SeZlebT kritikulad SeafasoT bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli axali
ambebis gaSuqeba adamianis uflebebis, anu ùflebebze damyarebuli~,
perspeqtividan, gaecnobiT saxelmZRvanelo principebsa da kodeqsebs
bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli axali ambebis gaSuqebis Sesaxeb da SeZlebT
gamoTqvaT profesiuli mosazreba sakuTari praqtikis Sesaxeb uflebebze
damyarebuli perspeqtividan. rac yvelaze mTavaria, SeZlebT gamoiyenoT
is, rac iswavleT, Tqvens samomavlo karieraSi rogorc Jurnalistebma da
reportiorebma da samarTlianad, zustad da bavSvebis uflebaTa principebis
gaTvaliswinebiT moamzadoT siuJetebi, statiebi da reportaJebi.
modulis struqtura
modulSi Sedis ori ZiriTadi nawili:
nawili pirveli, `gaicaniT bavSvis uflebebi~, iZleva zogad informacias
imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ratomaa esoden mniSvnelovani uflebebis gageba da
gaTviTcnobiereba. garda amisa, am nawilSi ganxilulia saTanado praqtikis
magaliTebi da, agreTve, is problemebi da gamowvevebi, romlebic wamoiWreba
bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli axali ambebis gaSuqebisas.
nawili meore, `bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli Jurnalisturi praqtika~,

profesiul Jurnalistur praqtikas ganixilavs bavSvis uflebebis
perspeqtividan da gvacnobs im strategiebsa da konteqstebs, romlebSic unda
davfiqrdeT imaze, Tu rogor gavaumjobesoT Cveni Jurnalisturi saqmianoba.
am naSromSi warmodgenil masalasTan erTad unda gaecnoT mravalferovan

damxmare literaturas da rekomendaciebs samomavlo sakiTxavebTan
dakavSirebiT. imedi gvaqvs, rom modulSi naswavli dagexmarebaT axali
ambebis yvelanairi formiT gaSuqebaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki im SemTxvevebSi,
roca siuJetis centraluri figura bavSvia.
8
nawili pirveli: `gaicaniT bavSvis uflebebi~

1. adamianis uflebaTa cnebis warmodgena
ZiriTadi saswavlo Temebi
 ras warmoadgens adamianis uflebebi?

 ra gansxvavebaa bunebriv uflebebsa da adamianis uflebebs Soris?
 adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia
 adamianis uflebebis dacva
adamianis uflebebi da bunebiTi uflebebi
adamianis uflebebi gulisxmobs adamianis ganuyofel, sayovelTao uflebebs,

miuxedavad adgilmdebareobis Tu sxva iseTi faqtorebisa, rogorebicaa eTnikuri
warmomavloba, religia, erovneba Tu sqesi.
adamianis uflebebi is ZiriTadi standartebia, romelTa gareSe adamianebi ver

icxovreben Rirseulad.
adamianis uflebebi yvela adamians Tanasworad, sayovelTaod da samudamod ekuTvnis.
adamianis uflebebi xelSeuxebelia: adamians ver CamoerTmeva es uflebebi iseve,

rogorc is, rom igi yovelTvis adamianad darCeba.
adamianis uflebebi ganuyofelia: adamians ver CamoerTmeva ufleba imis gamo,

rom is `naklebad mniSvnelovania~ an àr aris arsebiTi~.
adamianis uflebebi urTierTdamokidebulia: adamianis yvela ufleba

urTierTSemavsebeli sistemis nawilia. magaliTad, Tqvens SesaZleblobasTan,
monawileoba miiRoT Tqveni xelisuflebis muSaobaSi, uSualo kavSirSia
Tqveni ufleba, gamoxatoT sakuTari Tavi, miiRoT ganaTleba da upirvelesi
aucileblobis sagnebic ki.
adamianis uflebebis idea aRmocenda bunebiTi uflebebis filosofiuri

koncefciidan; zogi ar aRiarebs gansxvavebebs uflebaTa am or kategorias
Soris da orives erT ramed aRiqvams, xolo sxvebi am or termins sxvadasxva
mniSvnelobas aniWeben da is Tvisebebi, rac tradiciulad bunebiT uflebebs
ukavSirdeba, ar asocirdeba adamianis uflebebTan.
9
ras warmoadgens bunebiTi uflebebi?
bunebiTi uflebebi sayovelTao uflebebia, romlebic yvela adamians ekuTvnis

da ar aris damokidebuli adamianis qcevasa Tu Sexedulebebze. adamiani sazo-
gadoebis wevri xdeba garkveuli ZiriTadi uflebebiT da arc erT mTavrobas
ar SeuZlia CamoarTvas mas es uflebebi.
bunebiTi uflebebis yvelaze adreuli asaxva moipoveba indur vedebSi, agamebsa da

upaniSadebSi – teqstebSi, romlebic sami aTas welze meti xnis win daiwera. mas
Semdeg bunebiTi uflebebi mniSvnelovani cnebaa im wignebSi, romlebic safuZv-
lad udevs msoflios ZiriTad religiebs. bibliac, Torac da yuranic qadageben
yvela adamianis Tanasworobis, Rirsebisa da pasuxismgeblobis mniSvnelobas.
bunebiTi uflebebis erT-erTi Teoria Camoyalibda ganmanaTleblobis peri-

odis bunebiTi kanonidan mefeTa wminda uflebebis sawinaaRmdegod da iZleo-
da liberalizmis moralur dasabuTebas.
individualizmis ideis gaZlierebasTan erTad, gansakuTrebiT me-17 sauku-

neSi, bunebriTi kanonebidan gamomdinare doqtrinebi Seicvala da xazgasmiT
aRiniSna is faqti, rom individebs, vinaidan isini adamianebi arian, aqvT ufle-
bebi, romlebic ar unda daarRvios romelime sxva adamianma an sazogadoebam.
am doqtrinis, albaT, saukeTeso formulireba jon lokis (1632-1704) naS-

romebSia mocemuli. misi azriT, adamiani Tavisi bunebiT aris racionaluri da
kargi da rom mas politikur sazogadoebaSi Semoaqvs igive uflebebi, romle-
bic cnobili iyo sazogadoebisTvis ufro adreul safexurebze. am uflebaTa-
gan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia aRmsareblobis Tavisufleba, sakuTari qveynis
mTavrobaSi xmis ufleba da qonebis ufleba.
bunebiTi uflebis Sinaarsi SeiZleba daupirispirdes iuridiul uflebas: bu-
nebiTia ufleba, rodesac is arsebobs maSinac ki, roca ar aris miRebuli
mTavrobis an mTlianad sazogadoebis mier, xolo iuridiuli ufleba war-
moadgens iseT uflebas, romelic dadgenilia mTavrobis an sazogadoebis mier
maTi wevrebis sasargeblod.
damatebiTi literatura:
Peter Jones: Rights, Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan, 1994.
Jeremy Waldron, ed: Theories of Rights, (Oxford Readings in Philosophy), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.
adamianis uflebebis arseboba, moqmedeba da Sinaarsi dResac debatebis sagania

filosofiasa da politikur mecnierebaSi. samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT
adamianis uflebebi saerTaSoriso samarTalsa da SeTanxmebebSi, aseve bevri
qveynis Sidasaxelmwifoebriv kanonmdeblobaSia gansazRvruli. magram
bevrisaTvis uflebebis doqtrina scdeba kanons da warmoadgens fundamentur
moralur baziss Tanamedrove socialuri wesrigis regulirebisaTvis. aseTi
adamianebisaTvis es demokratiuli idealebia.
10
Cven yvelas gvWirdeba uflebebi da gvaqvs kidec isini. es uflebebi uzrunvelyofs

Cvens arsebobas da ganviTarebas da xels uwyobs Cvens dacvas fizikuri Tu
fsiqologiuri Seuracxyofisa da Zaladobisagan. uflebebi gulisxmobs imasac,
rom gvqondes SesaZlebloba, monawileoba miviRoT im sakiTxebSi, romlebic
Cven gvexeba. uflebebi uzrunvelyofs, rom yvela adamians Tanasworad da
samarTlianad moeqcnen. adamianis uflebebis damkvidrebis xelSewyoba da
propagandireba niSnavs imis moTxovnas, rom yvela pativiscemiT moeqces da
daicvas yvela adamianis Rirseba. magram uflebebs Tan pasuxismgeblobac
axlavs: yovelma Cvenganma pativi unda sces sxva adamianebis uflebebs da marto
sxvebisgan ar unda moiTxovos Tavisi uflebebis pativiscema.
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia
1945 wels msofliom Zlivs daaRwia Tavi meore msoflio oms, romelic pirvels
30 wliTac ki ar gvaSorebda. am omis dros umciresobaTa jgufebisa da samxedro
tyveebis mimarT Cadenilma sazarelma sisastikeebma ubiZga msoflios qveynebis
liderebs, CamoeyalibebinaT gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia mSvidobis,
keTildReobisa da adamianis uflebebis dasacavad.
1948 wlis 10 dekembers gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis generalurma

asambleam miiRo da gamoaqveyna adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia.
deklaraciaSi aRiarebuli iqna `Tandayolili Rirseba~ da `Tanaswori da
ganuyofeli uflebebi~ adamianTa ojaxis yvela wevrisaTvis. masSi naTqvamia, rom
àdamianis uflebaTa ugulebelyofam da abuCad agdebam gamoiwvia barbarosuli
aqtebi ... da rom iseTi msoflios Seqmna, romelSic adamianebs eqnebaT sityvisa
da rwmenis Tavisufleba da romelSic isini icxovreben SiSisa da gaWirvebis
gareSe, gamocxadebulia adamianebis maRal miswrafebad~.
deklaracia Sedgeba 30 muxlisagan, romlebSic gamoxatulia gaeros Sexeduleba

yvela adamianisTvis garantirebul uflebebze. adamianis uflebaTa komisiis
(romelmac moamzada deklaraciis teqsti) wevrma, elinor ruzveltma, ganacxada:
ès ar aris xelSekruleba ... [momavalSi] igi SeiZleba gaxdes saerTaSoriso
„didi qartia“ (Magna Carta…) 1995 wlis 5 oqtombers warmoTqmul sityvaSi papma
ioane pavle II-m adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracias uwoda àdamianis
sindisis erT-erTi yvelaze maRali gamoxatuleba TanamedroveobaSi.~
Tumca gaeroSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis elCma, jin kirkpatrikma,

deklaracias `santa-klausisaTvis miwerili werili~ uwoda. misi TqmiT,
àrc buneba, arc gamocdileba da arc albaToba ar acocxlebs ùflebebis~
am CamonaTvals, im uflebebisa, romlebic ar cnobs SezRudvebs, garda maTi
avtorebis gonebiT da madiT dawesebulisa~ (konferenciis dokumenti: àdamianis
uflebaTa sicocxlisunariani politikis Camoyalibeba~, 1981).
yvelaze mniSvnelovan muxlebs Sorisaa:

 muxli 1: `yvela adamiani ibadeba Tavisufali da Tanaswori Tavisi
RirsebiTa da uflebebiT.~
11
 muxli 3: sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblobis ufleba.

 muxli 5: wamebis an sastiki, araadamianuri Tu Rirsebis Semlaxveli
mopyrobisa Tu dasjis akrZalva.
 muxli 18: azris, sindisisa da religiis Tavisufleba.
 muxli 19: azrisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba.
 muxli 26: ganaTlebis ufleba.
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis miRebis Semdeg gaeros generalurma

asambleam yvela wevr qveyanas mouwoda, gamoeqveynebinaT deklaraciis teqsti da
`ganepirobebinaT misi gavrceleba, wakiTxva da axsna skolebsa da sxva saswavlo
dawesebulebebSi, ganurCevlad qveynebisa Tu teritoriebis politikuri
statusisa~.
ginesis `rekordebis wignSi~ adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia

aRwerilia rogorc `dokumenti, romelic msoflioSi yvelaze met enaze
iTargmna~. misi Targmani moipoveba 321 enasa da dialeqtze (2004 wlisaTvis).
deklaraciis miRebas mohyva rigi mniSvnelovani SeTanxmebebisa, romlebic miznad

isaxavda adamianis uflebebis damkvidrebas da dacvas. 1966 wels gaero-m miiRo
samoqalaqo da politikur uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti da ekonomikur,
socialur da kulturul uflebaTa saerTaSoriso paqti. am paqtebma maTi
xelmomweri yvela saxelmwifosTvis savaldebulod aqcia adamianis uflebaTa
sayovelTao deklaraciaSi Camoyalibebuli uflebebis dacva. adamianis uflebebis
ganviTarebaSi sxva mniSvnelovani nabijebi iyo Jenevis konvenciebi omis dros
dasacavi wesebis Sesaxeb da konvencia rasobrivi diskriminaciis yvela formis
aRmofxvris Sesaxeb.
unda gvaxsovdes, rom adamianis uflebebi jer kidev viTardeba. magaliTad,

am bolo wlebSi garemos damcvelebi mogviwodebdnen adamianis uflebebis
gafarToebas da maT ricxvSi sufTa da usafrTxo wylis misawvdomobaze adamianis
sayovelTao uflebisa da garemosTan dakavSirebuli sxva uflebebis CarTvas.
uflebebis dacva
me-20 saukunis ganmavlobaSi mravalma jgufma da moZraobam moaxerxa mniSvnelo-

vani socialuri cvlilebebis miRweva adamianis uflebebis gansamtkiceblad.
dasavleT evropasa da CrdiloeT amerikaSi profkavSirebma SemoiRes kanonebi,
romlebic mSromelebs aZlevs gaficvis, minimaluri samuSao pirobebis dadgenis
da bavSvTa Sromis akrZalvis an regulirebis uflebebs. qalTa uflebebis
moZraobam mraval qals moupova arCevnebSi monawileobis ufleba. erovnul-
ganmaTavisuflebelma moZraobebma bevr qveyanaSi daamxo kolonialuri Zalebi.
aqedan yvelaze gavlenian Zalas warmoadgenda mahaTma gandi, romelmac indoeTi
gaaTavisufla britaneTis batonobisagan. rasobrivi Cagvris qveS myof adamianTa
da religiur umciresobaTa moZraobebma warmatebas miaRwies msoflios mraval
12
qveyanaSi. maT Soris iyo moZraoba samoqalaqo uflebebisTvis da, SedarebiT

axlaxan, e.w. ìdenturobisa da politikis~ moZraobebi, romlebic ibrZodnen
qalTa da umciresobaTa uflebebisTvis aSS-Si.
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis mixedviT adamianis ZiriTadi

uflebebi irRveva maSin, rodesac:
 rasobrivi, sarwmunoebrivi Tu sxva jgufis wevrebs arTmeven uflebas,

aRiarebuli iyos ìndividad~ (me-2 da me-6 muxlebi);
 mamakacebs da qalebs ar epyrobian Tanasworad (me-2 muxli);
 gansxvavebuli rasobrivi Tu religiuri jgufis wevrebs ar epyrobian
Tanasworad (me-2 muxli);
 safrTxe eqmneba adamianis sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da piradi
xelSeuxeblobis uflebas (me-3 muxli);
 adamiani gayidulia monad an imyofeba ymobaSi (me-4 muxli);
 uflebebis darRvevis msxverplT uars eubnebian samarTlebrivi dacvis
efeqtian saSualebaze (me-8 muxli);
 adamianis mimarT sasjelis aRsruleba xdeba TviTneburad, saTanado da
samarTliani sasamarTlo procesis Cautareblad (me-11 muxli);
 saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebi TviTneburad erevian adamianis pirad da
ojaxur cxovrebaSi (me-12 muxli);
 moqalaqeebs ekrZalebaT sakuTari qveynis datoveba an Tavis qveyanaSi
dabruneba (me-13 muxli);
 adamians uars eubnebian sityvis an religiis Tavisuflebaze
(me-18 da me-19 muxlebi);
 adamians uars eubnebian profkavSirSi gaerTianebis uflebaze (23-e muxli);
 adamians uars eubnebian ganaTlebis miRebis uflebaze (26-e muxli).
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia da mis mier aRwerili msoflios

xedva daedo safuZvlad iseTi organizaciebis Camoyalibebas, rogorebicaa
“amnesti interneiSenal~ da `hiuman raiTs uoC~, romlebic iRvwian adamianis
uflebebis dacvisTvis da atareben farTo kampaniebs maTi darRvevis winaaRmdeg.
isini amzadeben yovelwliur angariSebs TiToeul qveyanaSi adamianis ùflebebis
mxriv arsebuli mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.
àmnesti interneiSenalis~ monacemebiT, Zalze cota qveyanaa iseTi, sadac ar xdeba

adamianis uflebebis seriozuli darRveva. am organizaciis 2007 wlis àdamianis
uflebebis Sesaxeb angariSis~ mixedviT, dokumenturad aris dadasturebuli, rom
57 qveyanaSi arseboben politikuri, e.w. `sindisis patimrebi,~ da 102 qveyanaSi
aRiniSna policiis, samxedro Tu usafrTxoebis samsaxurebis personalis mxridan
wamebisa Tu sastikad mopyrobis SemTxvevebi.
13
zogs sjera, rom adamianis uflebebis darRveva ufro xSiria diqtatorul

saxelmwifoebSi, vidre demokratiulSi, vinaidan sityvisa da presis Tavisuflebis
wyalobiT SesaZlebelia saxelmwifos mier Cadenili darRvevebis gamoaSkaraveba.
magram adamianis uflebebi demokratiul qveynebSic irRveva. magaliTad,
makfersonis angariSSi aRniSnulia, rom britaneTis policia instituciurad
rasistul damokidebulebas amJRavnebda Savkaniani axalgazrdis, stiven lorensis
sikvdilis SemTxvevaSi, xolo àmnesti interneiSenalma~ Tavis angariSebSi aSSs mier
marTul guantanamos yuris banaks uwoda `skandaluri, adamianis uflebebis mxriv~.
daaxloebiT 90 qveyanaSi daarsda adamianis uflebaTa erovnuli institutebi am

qveynebSi adamianis uflebebis dacvis, xelSewyobisa Tu monitoringis mizniT.
Sefaseba
imsjeleT adamianis uflebaTa cnebaze SerCeuli, Tanamedroveobis amsaxveli
Temis konteqstSi.
damatebiTi literatura
adamianis uflebaTa resurs-centri:
http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/edumat/background.shtm
adamianis uflebaTa erovnuli institutebis forumi: http://www.nhri.net/
àmnesti interneiSenal~: http://www.amnesty.org/
àmnesti interneiSenalis~ 2006 wlis qveynebis angariSi:
http://web.amnesty.org/report2006/index-eng
`hiuman raiTs uoC~: http://www.hrw.org/
adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisi: http://www.ohchr.org
14
2. bavSvis uflebebi
 ratom aris aucilebeli bavSvis uflebebis gamoyofa?

 gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia
 bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti
 saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba da bavSvTa uflebebi
`bavSvTa uflebebi~ aris adamianis uflebebi bavSvebisa da 18 wlamde

adamianebisaTvis. im faqtis aRiarebis safuZvelze, rom bavSvoba Cveni cxovrebis
gansakuTrebuli periodia, bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisaTvis uflebebis calke
wyeba Camoyalibda. bavSvoba aris is dro, rodesac Cven aqtiurad vizrdebiT
da vswavlobT, rodesac gvWirdeba sxva adamianebi, romlebic mogvivlian da
usafrTxoebas mogvcemen, rodesac Cven unda gvqondes SesaZlebloba, udardelad
vicxovroT.
1989 wels gaeroSi mividnen saerTo SeTanxmebamde, rom bavSvebs sWirdebaT

sakuTari konvencia. bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisaTvis Camoyalibebul
uflebaTa am calke wyebas gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis bavSvis
uflebaTa konvencia hqvia. konvenciaSi naTqvamia, rom 18 wlamde adamianebs aqvT
masSi gaTvaliswinebuli yvela ufleba, miuxedavad maTi rasis, religiis Tu
SesaZleblobebisa, ganurCevlad imisa, Tu ras fiqroben an amboben isini da ra
tipis ojaxidan arian.
ra saWiroa bavSvTa uflebebis gamoyofa calke konvenciis saxiT?

bavSvebi individebi arian: isini arc mSoblebis sakuTrebas warmoadgenen, arc
saxelmwifosi da arc raime Camouyalibebeli arsebebi arian; maT adamianTa
ojaxis Tanasworuflebiani wevrebis statusi aqvT.
bavSvebi iwyeben cxovrebas, rogorc absoluturad damokidebeli arsebebi: isini

mTlianad mSoblebis imedze arian kvebisa Tu aRzrdis TvalsazrisiT: es maT
sWirdebaT imisaTvis, rom gaizardon da damoukidebelni gaxdnen. saukeTeso
SemTxvevaSi aseT zrunvas bavSvi unda iRebdes misi ojaxis ufrosi wevrebisagan,
magram, roca uSualo mzrunvelebs ar SeuZliaT bavSvis saWirobebis
dakmayofileba, ukve sazogadoebam unda izrunos amis gamosworebaze.
bavSvebi gansakuTrebiT daucvelni arian Seuracxyofisa da eqspluataciisgan:

bavSvebi fizikurad ufro daucvelebi arian, vidre zrdasruli adamianebi.
garda amisa, isini emociuradac gacilebiT mgrZnobiareni arian uaryofiTi
STabeWdilebebis mimarT. fizikurma da fsiqikurma zewolam SeiZleba samudamo
daRi daasvas bavSvs. msoflios mraval kuTxeSi bavSvebi ganicdian mZime
eqspluatacias, rogorc muSebi an rogorc jariskacebi.
15
mTavrobis moqmedeba an umoqmedoba ufro Zlier zemoqmedebas axdens bavSvebze,

vidre sazogadoebis romelime sxva jgufze: samTavrobo politikis TiTqmis
yvela sfero (magaliTad, ganaTleba Tu janmrTelobis dacva) garkveul
zemoqmedebas axdens bavSvebze. windauxedavi politikuri gadawyvetilebebi,
romlebic ar iTvaliswinebs bavSvebis problemebs, Zalze avnebs mTeli
sazogadoebis momavals.
bavSvebis azrs iSviaTad aqceven yuradRebas da iSviaTad iTvaliswineben

politikur procesebSi: bavSvebi, Cveulebriv, ar iReben monawileobas arCevnebsa
Tu politikur procesebSi. Tu ar movismenT maT azrebs – rogorc isini maT
saxlSi, skolaSi an TavianT megobrebTan gamoxataven – verasodes gavigebT
im mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, romlebic moqmedebs bavSvebis cxovrebaze axla an
imoqmedebs momavalSi.
mraval cvlilebas sazogadoebaSi bavSvebisTvis araproporciuli da xSirad

uaryofiTi Sedegebi moaqvs: ojaxis Semadgenlobis Secvla, globalizacia,
samuSao pirobebis cvlileba da socialuri SeRavaTebis Semcireba bevr qveyanaSi
seriozul zegavlenas axdens bavSvebis cxovrebaze. amgvari cvlilebebis
Sedegebi SeiZleba gansakuTrebiT damangreveli aRmoCndes SeiaraRebuli
konfliqtebis da sxva sagangebo situaciebis SemTxvevebSi.
bavSvis jansaR ganviTarebas gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs sazogadoebis
momavlisTvis: vinaidan maTi zrdis procesi jer ar dasrulebula, bavSvebi
gansakuTrebiT daucvelni arian (gacilebiT metad, vidre ufrosebi)
cxovrebis iseTi cudi pirobebis mimarT, rogoricaa siRaribe, janmrTelobis
araadekvaturi dacva, cudi kveba, sufTa wylis xelmiuwvdomeloba, cudi
sacxovrebeli pirobebi da garemos dabinZureba. sxvadasxva avadmyofobis,
cudi kvebisa da siRaribis Sedegebi safrTxes uqmnis bavSvebis da, aqedan
gamomdinare, im sazogadoebis momavals, romelSic isini cxovroben.
saxelmwifoebs Zalian Zvirad ujdebaT uyuradReboba bavSvebis mimarT:

socialuri kvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom bavSvobaSi miRebuli gamocdileba
moqmedebs adamianis Semdgom ganviTarebaze, bavSvebis ganviTarebis msvleloba
ki gansazRvravs im wvlils, romelsac isini Seitanen qveynis momaval cxovrebaSi.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia
1989 wlis 20 noembers gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciam daamtkica bavSvis

uflebaTa konvencia. dRes is saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebaa, romelsac qveynebi xels
aweren da rodesac mis ratificirebas moaxdenen, maT iuridiulad moeTxovebaT
konvenciis Sesruleba. es pirveli savalebulod Sesasrulebeli saerTaSoriso
instrumentia, romelSic Sedis adamianis uflebebis mTeli speqtri. misi
ratificireba msoflios yvela qveyanam moaxdina, garda somalis da amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebisa. somalim ratificireba imitom ver moaxerxa, rom mas ar
hyavs aRiarebuli mTavroba, xolo aSS-m konvenciis xelmoweriT gvaCvena Tavisi
ganzraxva, moexdina misi ratificreba, magram jer es ar gaukeTebia.
16
konvenciis safuZvelze bavSvebs aqvT ufleba, dakmayofildes maTi ZiriTadi

saWiroebebi: arseboba, dacva, janmrTelobis dacva, sakvebisa da wylis
misawvdomoba. maT aseve aqvT ufleba, hqondeT sakuTari potencialis srulad
ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba: es aris ganaTleba, TamaSi, sporti, sakuTari
Sexedulebebis gamoxatvis Tavisufleba da monawileoba im gadawyvetilebebis
miRebaSi, romlebic maT exeba.
konvenciaSi sagangebodaa naTqvami, rom yvela bavSvs erTi da igive

uflebebi aqvs da rom yvela ufleba urTierTdakavSirebuli da Tanaswori
mniSvnelobisaa. konvencia exeba aseve bavSvebis pasuxismgeblobas _ pativi
scen sxva adamianebis, gansakuTrebiT maTi mSoblebis, uflebebs.
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi 54 muxlia, romelTagan TiToeulSi

gansazRvrulia gansxvavebuli ufleba. es uflebebi iyofa oTx jgufad: arseboba,
dacva, ganviTareba da monawileoba.
arsebobasTan dakavSirebuli uflebebi aRiarebs bavSvis sicocxlis uflebas da
uflebas, dakmayofilebul iqnes arsebobisTvis aucilebeli saWiroebebi. es
aris kveba, sacxovrebeli, cxovrebis adekvaturi done da janmrTelobis dacvis
misawvdomoba.
ganviTarebasTan dakavSirebuli uflebebi gansazRvravs imas, rac bavSvs sWirdeba
misi potencialis srulad ganviTarebisTvis. es aris ganaTleba, dasveneba da
Tavisufali dro, kulturuli saqmianoba, informaciis misawvdomoba da azris,
sindisisa da religiuri rwmenis Tavisufleba.
dacvasTan dakavSirebuli uflebebi moiTxovs, rom bavSvebi dacul iqnen
yovelgvari formis Seuracxyofis, ugulebelyofisa da eqspluataciisagan. es
uflebebi exeba iseT sakiTxebs, rogorebicaa ltolvili bavSvebis sagangebo
dacva, dacvis saSualebebi momuSave bavSvebisaTvis da im bavSvebis dacva da
reabilitacia, romlebmac ganicades raime formis Zaladoba an eqspluatacia.
monawileobasTan dakavSirebuli uflebebi aRiarebs, rom yvela bavSvs unda

mieces SesaZlebloba, aqtiuri roli Seasrulos Tavis Temsa da sazogadoebaSi.
es uflebebi moicavs Sexedulebis gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas da uflebas,
saTanado yuradReba daeTmos bavSvis Sexedulebebs im sakiTxebSi, romlebic
mis cxovrebaze axdens zemoqmedebas. bavSvis unarebis ganviTarebasTan erTad
unda gaizardos bavSvisTvis SesaZlebloba, monawileoba miiRos sazogadoebis
cxovrebaSi, raTa moemzados pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse zrdasruli
cxovrebisaTvis.
konvenciis 41 ZiriTadi muxlidan oTxs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba,

vinaidan isini arsebiTia konvenciaSi gaTvaliswinebuli yvela uflebis
xorcSesxmisaTvis. qvemoT CamoTvlilia es muxlebi, romlebic konvenciis
`saerTo principebad~ aris cnobili:
 me-2 muxli: uzrunvelyofil unda iqnes konvenciaSi gaTvaliswinebuli yvela

ufleba TiToeuli bavSvisTvis, nebismieri saxis diskriminaciis gareSe.
17
 me-3 muxli: bavSvis mimarT nebismier qmedebaTa ganxorcielebisas upirvelesi

yuradReba unda daeTmos bavSvis interesebis dacvis ukeT uzrunvelyofas.
 me-6 muxli: yovel bavSvs aqvs sicocxlis, gadarCenisa da ganviTarebis

ufleba.
 me-12 muxli: bavSvis Sexedulebebs saTanado yuradReba unda daeTmos yvela

im sakiTxSi, romlebic mis cxovrebaze axdens zemoqmedebas.
am bolo wlebSi Seiqmna bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ori fakultatiuri oqmi:
 fakultatiuri oqmi bavSvebiT vaWrobis, bavSvTa prostituciisa da bavSvTa

pornografiis Sesaxeb, romelic miRebul iqna 2000 wlis 25 maiss, da
 fakultatiuri oqmi SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi bavSvebis monawileobis

Sesaxeb, romelic miRebuli iqna 2000 wlis 25 maiss.
konvenciaSi gamoxatulia bavSvisa da bavSvobis cnebis axali xedva. bavSvebi

arc TavianTi mSoblebis sakuTreba arian da arc qvelmoqmedebis ususuri
obieqtebi. isini adamianebi arian, romlebsac sakuTari uflebebi aqvT.
konvencia gvTavazobs xedvas bavSvisa, rogorc Zlieri, kompetenturi adamianis,
ojaxisa da sazogadoebis wevrisa, romelsac aqvs misi asakisa da simwifis
Sesabamisi uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi. bavSvTa uflebebis am saxiT
aRiarebiT konvencia mTlianad bavSvze axdens koncentrirebas.
bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti
im saxelmwifoTa mTavrobebma, romlebmac moaxdines konvenciis ratificireba,

regularulad unda warudginon angariSi bavSvis uflebaTa komitets –
eqspertebisgan Semdgar organos, romelic awarmoebs saxelmwifoTa mier
konvenciis Sesrulebis monitorings. am angariSebSi asaxulia qveyanaSi bavSvTa
uflebebis mxriv arsebuli mdgomareoba da miTiTebulia is zomebi, romlebsac
saxelmwifo axorcielebs am uflebebis xorcSesasxmelad. saxelmwifoTa
angariSebis ganxilvisas bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti mouwodebs qveynebis
xelisuflebaTa yvela dones, isargeblon konvenciiT, rogorc saxelmZRvanelo
principiT politikis SemuSavebasa da mis aRsrulebaSi. vinaidan adamianis
uflebebis dacva Tavisi xasiaTiT usasrulo procesia, yovelTvis arsebobs
raRac iseTi, rasac gaumjobeseba sWirdeba.
bavSvTa uflebebis damcveli organos Seqmna da kiTxva, Tu ras niSnavs realurad

bavSvTa uflebebi da rogor SeiZleba maTi saukeTeso gziT xorcSesxma, dRemde
diskusiebis sagania. bavSvTa uflebebis ganxorcielebis xelSewyoba nawilobriv
emyareba imis aRiarebas, rom bavSvebis daucvelobisa da, Sesabamisad, maTi
sagangebo dacvis saWiroebis gaTviTcnobiereba ar uSlis xels imas, rom bavSvebi
iCagrebodnen maT garSemo ufrosebis samyaroSi miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis
Sedegad. bavSvebis mZime mdgomareobis mimarT TanagrZnoba xSirad iwvevs imas, rom
18
bavSvebs aRiqvamen koleqtiurad da epyrobian rogorc qvelmoqmedebis obieqtebs

da ara rogorc individuumebs, romelTac sakuTari unarebi, SesaZleblobebi,
saWiroebebi da uflebebi aqvT.
amis Sedegad bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi xSirad arapolitikurad miiCneva

da verc gvardeba. bavSvTa uflebebis ZiriTadi principi is aris, rom sazogadoeba
valdebulia, daakmayofilos bavSvis ZiriTadi saWiroebebi da uzrunvelyos
daxmareba misi pirovnebis, niWisa da SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebisaTvis.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Seqmna asaxavs zogad wess, rom, rac ufro
maRalia uflebebis gaTviTcnobierebis done, miT metia maTi garantirebis
SesaZlebloba. bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis wyalobiT bavSvebis uflebebi
mkafiod, Tanmimdevrulad da yovlismomcveli saxiT aris Camoyalibebuli.
bavSvTa uflebebis am saxiT gansazRvra maTi pativiscemisa da Sesrulebis
winapirobaa.
Sefaseba
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetisaTvis Tqveni qveynis mier wardgenil erovnul

angariSebze da komitetis mier am angariSebis ganxilvaze dayrdnobiT imsjeleT
imaze, Tu ra meqanizmi arsebobs Tqvens qveyanaSi bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
Sesrulebis monitoringisaTvis da ra gavlenas axdens is.
damatebiTi literatura da resursebi

ìunisefi~: bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia:
http://www.unicef.org/crc/index_index.html
bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti:
http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/index.htm
`bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli~ (CRIN) - bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia:
http://www.crin.com/resources/treaties/CRC.asp?catName=International+Treaties&flag=legal&ID=6
`bavSvis uflebaTa aliansi~ _ bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia:
http://www.childrensrights.ie/convention.php
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba da bavSvTa uflebebi

bavSvis uflebebi garantirebulia, rogorc saerTaSorisosamarTlebrivi aqtebiT
(bavSvis uflebaTa deklaracia, bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, gaerTianebuli
erebis organizaciis TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovanebTan mopyrobis
wesebi (`pekinis wesebi~), gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis arasrulwlovanTa
Soris damnaSaveobis profilaqtikis saxelmZRvanelo principebi (er-riadis
wesebi); haagis konvencia bavSvis saerTaSoriso gatacebis samoqalaqo aspeqtebis
Sesaxeb da sxva), aseve erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT. saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi
(konvenciebi, damatebiTi oqmebi, paqtebi da sxva saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebi),
romlebic saqarTvelos mier iqna ratificirebuli, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis
Semadgenel nawils warmoadgenen.
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saqarTvelo bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias SeuerTda 1994 wels. konvenciis

moTxovnaTa Tanaxmad saqarTvelo axorcielebs bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciiT
gaTvaliswinebul debulebebs erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi. bavSvis uflebaTa
konvencia warmoadgens saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas da saqarTvelos
sakanonmdeblo sistemis Semadgenel nawilad iTvleba. konvencia gamoiyeneba
saqarTveloSi, rogorc uSualod moqmedi kanoni da saqarTvelos normatiul
aqts warmoadgens. ufro metic, saqarTvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad,
saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebas an SeTanxmebas, Tu igi ar
ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos konstitucias da konstituciur SeTanxmebas,
aqvs upiratesi iuridiuli Zala Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi normatiuli aqtebis
mimarT. es ki imas niSnavs, rom bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias upiratesi Zala
aqvs saqarTvelos sxva kanonebis mimarT da is SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes
uSualod.
bavSvs (arasrulwlovans) iseTive uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi aqvs,

rogorc srulwlovan adamians, zogierTi gamonaklisis garda (magaliTad.
saarCevno ufleba). adamianis uflebebi, maT Soris bavSvis uflebaTa dacva,
garantirebulia saqarTvelos konstituciis II TaviT. yvela ufleba, romelTa
dacvac garantirebulia konstituciis meore TaviT, Seexeba bavSvis uflebaTa
dacvas. konstituciiT daculia bavSvis sicocxlis ufleba, piradi cxovrebis
xelSeuxeblobis ufleba, sityvis Tavisufleba, Sekrebebis ufleba, sityvis,
azris, sindisis, aRmsareblobisa da rwmenis Tavisufleba, ganviTarebis ufleba,
samarTliani sasamarTlos ufleba udanaSaulobis prezumfcia, ukanono
dakavebisagan, wamebisagan dacvis ufleba da sxva.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT arasrulwlovania piri, romelsac ar miuRwevia

18 wlis asakisaTvis. samoqalaqo kodeqsis Tanaxmad (1997) arasrulwlovani piri
aris uflebaunariani da 7 wlis asakidan CaiTvleba SezRudul qmedunarianad.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT srul qmedunarianad adamiani iTvleba 18 wlis
asakidan, anu piri, romelic Tavisi nebiTa da moqmedebiT srulad axorcielebs
Tavis sakuTar uflebebsa da movaleobebs.
uflebaunarianoba pirs eniWeba dabadebis momentidan gardacvalebis momentamde.

gamonakliss warmoadgens memkvidreobis ufleba, romelic pirs warmoeSoba
Casaxvis momentidan da am uflebis realizacia damokidebulia bavSvis dabadebaze.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT srul qmedunarianad adamiani iTvleba 18 wlis
asakidan.
uflebaunarianoba - fizikuri piris unari, hqondes samoqalaqo uflebebi da

movaleobebi, warmoiSoba dabadebis momentidan.
qmedunarianoba - fizikuri piris unari, Tavisi nebiTa da moqmedebiT sruli
moculobiT SeiZinos da ganaxorcielos samoqalaqo uflebebi da movaleobebi
(qmedunarianoba), warmoiSoba srulwlovanebis miRwevisTanave.
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7 wlidan bavSvi SezRudul qmedunarianad aris aRiarebuli, rac imas niSnavs,

rom mas ar SeuZlia sruli moculobiT SeiZinos da ganaxorcielos samoqalaqo
uflebebi da movaleobebi. magaliTad, dados garigeba. 7 wlamde asakis
bavSvi mcirewlovania da qmeduunaro. mis uflebebs axorcielebs meurve an
mzrunveli.
meurveoba - meurveoba wesdeba bavSvze, romelsac ar miuRwevia Svidi wlis

asakisaTvis an pirze, romelic sasamarTlos mier aRiarebulia qmeduunarod
suliT avadmyofobis an Wkuasustobis gamo. mzrunveloba - mzrunveloba
wesdeba arasrulwlovanze Svidi wlis asakidan Tvramet wlamde. mzrunveloba
wesdeba agreTve srulwlovan qmedunarian pirze misi TxovniT, Tu mas Tavisi
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo ar SeuZlia damoukideblad ganaxorcielos
Tavisi uflebebi da Seasrulos Tavisi movaleobani.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos

warmoadgens saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis
saministro an/da mis sistemaSi Semavali uflebamosili dawesebuleba
(organizacia), agreTve maTi teritoriuli organoebi.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi (1997) iTvaliswinebs or garemoebas, romlis

drosac, gansazRvruli pirobebis arsebobisas, piri CaiTvleba emansipirebulad
da utoldeba srulwlovan, srul qmedunarian pirs: 1. 16 wlis asaks miRweuli
piris qorwineba; 2. kanonieri warmomadgenlis mier 16 wlis asaks miRweuli
pirisaTvis sawarmos damoukideblad gaZRolis uflebis miniWeba. saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobiT saqorwino asakad gansazRvrulia Tvrameti weli. saqarTvelos
kanonmdebloba qorwinebisas uSvebs gamonakliss. gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi
Teqvsmeti wlis asakidan daqorwineba daiSveba mSoblebis an sxva kanonieri
warmomadgenlebis winaswari werilobiTi TanxmobiT. Tanxmobaze mSoblebis
an sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlebis uaris SemTxvevaSi pativsadebi mizezebis
arsebobisas dasaqorwinebel pirTa gancxadebis safuZvelze daqorwinebis
nebarTva SeuZlia gasces sasamarTlom.
samoqalaqo samarTlis kodeqsisa da `moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis

Tanaxmad bavSvi dabadebisTanave iZens gvars, saxels da moqalaqeobas.
saqarTvelos kanoni `moqalaqeobis Sesaxeb~ (1993) gansazRvravs bavSvis

moqalaqeobis sakiTxs. bavSvi, romlis orive mSobeli misi dabadebis
momentisaTvis saqarTvelos moqalaqea, saqarTvelos moqalaqed iTvleba
dabadebis adgilis miuxedavad. 14-dan 18 wlamde bavSvis moqalaqeobis Secvla
SeiZleba mxolod misi TanxmobiT.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-9 muxlis Tanaxmad yvela bavSvi unda

izrdebodes ojaxSi da ar daSordes Tavis mSoblebs maTi survilis
sawinaaRmdegod. es moTxovna Tavis asaxvas povebs saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
kodeqsSi, romlis Tanaxmad `bavSvs aqvs ufleba, cxovrobdes da izrdebodes
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ojaxSi~. Svilebis aRzrdis yvela sakiTxs mSoblebi urTierTSeTanxmebiT

wyveten. mSobelTa SeuTanxmeblobis SemTxvevaSi sadavo sakiTxs wyvets
sasamarTlo mSoblebis da arasrulwlovnis monawileobiT.
bavSvis uflebebi daculia mSoblebis ganqorwinebis SemTxvevaSic. Tu

ganqorwinebis gamo an sxva mizeziT bavSvis mSoblebi cal-calke cxovroben,
maT SeTanxmebazea damokidebuli, Tu visTan icxovrebs arasrulwlovani
Svili. meuRleTa Soris davis SemTxvevaSi am sakiTxs wyvets sasamarTlo
bavSvis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. sasamarTloSi bavSvis uflebebs icavs
meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos mier daniSnuli bavSvis warmomadgeneli,
romelic saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis dros bavSvis interesebs warmoadgens.
kanonmdeblobiT daculia bavSvis qonebrivi uflebebic. saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi, bavSvis qonebriv uflebebis dacvas axorcielebs qonebis meurve.
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac mSobels, romelic sistematurad aridebs Tavs mSoblis

movaleobis Sesrulebas da arajerovnad iyenebs mSoblis uflebebs – bavSvs
uxeSad eqceva, masze uaryofiT gavlenas axdens Tavisi amoraluri saqcieliT, an
qronikuli alkoholiki an narkomania, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT SeiZleba
CamoerTvas mSoblis yvela ufleba da movaleoba. es SeiZleba moxdes, rogorc
meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos iniciativiT, ise 14 wlis asaks miRweuli
bavSvis moTxovniT.
arasrulwlovans aqvs dacvis ufleba mSobelTa (sxva kanonier warmomadgenelTa)

mxridan uflebamosilebis borotad gamoyenebis winaaRmdeg. arasrulwlovnis
uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis darRvevisas, maT Soris, mSobelTa
(erT-erTi mSoblis) mier bavSvis aRzrdasTan, ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli
movaleobebis Seusruleblobis an arasaTanadod Sesrulebisas, an mSoblis
uflebis borotad gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, arasrulwlovans ufleba aqvs,
damoukideblad mimarTos meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebs, 14 wlis
asakidan ki – sasamarTlos.
samoqalaqo samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT, samoqalaqo saqmeebze davebis

ganxilvisas daculia arasrulwlovanTa uflebebi. 7-dan 18 wlamde
arasrulwlovanTa uflebebsa da kanoniT dacul interesebs sasamarTloSi
icaven maTi mSoblebi, mSvileblebi an mzrunvelebi. amasTanave, sasamarTlo
valdebulia, aseT saqmeebSi Caabas TviT arasrulwlovnebic. Tu
arasrulwlovans kanoniT miniWebuli aqvs ufleba, TviTon, damoukideblad
gankargos Tavisi qoneba, dados wvrilmani sayofacxovrebo garigebebi da
a. S., mas ufleba aqvs sasamarTloSi piradad daicvas Tavisi uflebebi da
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli interesebi, iyos mosarCele, mopasuxe an mesame
piri. sasamarTlos SeuZlia, arasrulwlovanis SuamdgomlobiT an Tavisi
iniciativiT, saqmeSi Caabas misi kanonieri warmomadgenelic.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevaSi arasrulwlovans

14 wlis asakidan ufleba aqvs, mimarTos sasamarTlos Tavisi uflebebisa da
kanonieri interesebis dasacavad. am SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo niSnavs saproceso
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warmomadgenels da ganixilavs saqmes. arasrulwlovan mosarCeles ufleba

aqvs, ar daeTanxmos Tavis saproceso warmomadgenels da TviTon daicvas
sakuTari Tavi. sasamarTlo valdebulia aseT saqmeebze Caabas meurveobisa da
mzrunvelobis organoebi. samoqalaqo davebis ganxilvisas, 14 wlis asakamde
mowmis dakiTxvisas, xolo sasamarTlos SexedulebiT 14-dan 18 wlis asakamde
mowmis dakiTxvis drosac, SeiZleba mowveul iqnes pedagogi, aucileblobis
SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba moiwvion agreTve mSoblebi, mSvileblebi, meurveebi an
mzrunvelebi.
mosarCele - samoqalaqo procesSi fizikuri an iuridiuli piri, romelic

mimarTavs sasamarTlos, arbitraJs an samediatoro sasamarTlos mopasuxis
mier darRveuli Tu sadavod qceuli uflebis an kanonieri interesebis
dasacavad. mopasuxe - samoqalaqo procesis an sameurneo davis erT-erTi
mxare. mopasuxes pasuxs sTxovs sasamarTlo an arbitraJi mosarCelis im
gancxadebis mixedviT, rom mopasuxem daarRvia an sadavo gaxada mosarCelis
ufleba.
bavSvis konvenciis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, im SemTxvevebSic ki, rodesac

bavSvs ar hyavs mSoblebi, is saxelmwifos dacvis qveS imyofeba. amave
debulebas iziarebs saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba. kerZod, Tu napovnia
bavSvi, romlis vinaoba, mSoblebis vinaoba da maTi adgilsamyofeli ucnobia,
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo
valdebulia ganaxorcielos yvela qmedeba bavSvisa da misi mSoblebis
vinaobis dadgenisaTvis. Tu bavSvis da misi mSoblebis vinaoba saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad ver dgindeba, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis
organo valdebulia, miiRos zomebi bavSvis mosavlelad da mimarTos
sasamarTlos bavSvis mitovebulad aRiarebisaTvis.
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba icavs bavSvis interesebs gaSvilebisas. 10 wels

miRweuli bavSvis gaSvileba misi Tanxmobi gareSe ar daiSveba. kanoni mkacrad
icavs Svilad ayvanis konfidencialobis dacvis uflebas. sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis Tanaxmad, dasjadia Svilad ayvanis saidumloebis gamJRavneba; piradi
an ojaxuri saidumlos xelyofa.
saqarTvelos kanoni `Svilad ayvanis da mindobis Sesaxeb~ (2010) erTmaneTisagan

ganasxvavebs mindobasa da gaSvilebas.
mindobiT aRzrda (Svilobilad ayvana) – Svilobilad mindoba gulisxmobs

saxelmwifosa da mimReb ojaxs Soris ormxrivi xelSekrulebis safuZvelze
bavSvis aRsazrdelad ganTavsebas winaswar Seswavlil da SerCeul ojaxSi. am
periodis manZilze biologiur ojaxs aqvs SesaZlebloba, iqonios mudmivi
kontaqti bavSvTan, maTi ararsebobisas ki bavSvi 18 wlis asakidan Tavisufalia
da ar aris damokidebuli mimReb ojaxze
23
Svilad ayvana – termini _ bavSvis Svilad ayvana niSnavs sasamarTlos

gadawyvetilebiT bavSvis samudamod gadacemas ojaxisaTvis. Svilad ayvana
samudamod cvlis bavSvis statuss. igi xdeba mSvilebeli mSoblebis gvaris
matarebeli da maTi qonebis memkvidre. aseT SemTxvevaSi, biologiur ojaxTan
yvela saxis kavSiri wydeba. gasaSvilebeli bavSvi – 18 wlamde asakis piri,
romelic am kanoniT dadgenili wesiT aRricxulia gasaSvilebel bavSvTa da
mSvilebelTa erTian reestrSi da akmayofilebs kanoniT dadgenil moTxovnebs
(18 wlamde piri; romlis mSoblebi sasamarTlom aRiara ugzo-ukvlod
dakargulad an gardacvlilad; mitovebuli bavSvi; oboli bavSvi; mSoblebis
TanxmobiT gaSvilebuli piri; bavSvi, romlis mSoblebsac CamoerTva mSoblis
ufleba) g) napovni bavSvi – 18 wlamde asakis piri, romlis aRmoCenis momentSi
da am momentidan 6 kviris vadaSi ver dadginda misi an/da mSoblis (mSoblebis)
vinaoba, mis mitovebul bavSvad aRiarebamde; d) mitovebuli bavSvi – 18 wlamde
asakis piri, romlis aRmoCenis momentSi da am momentidan 6 kviris vadaSi ver
dadginda misi an/da mSoblis (mSoblebis) vinaoba da romelic saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT aRiarebul iqna mitovebulad. mindobiT
aRsazrdelad gadacemuli bavSvi - mSoblebs CamoerTvaT an SeuCerdaT mSoblis
uflebebi da movaleobebi da bavSvi unda ganTavsdes Tavisi ojaxis gareT. Tu
mSoblis ufleba, gadawyvitos, visTan icxovros misma Svilma, SezRudulia da
bavSvi unda ganTavsdes Tavisi ojaxis gareT; Tu bavSvis datoveba meurvesTan
an mzrunvelTan misgan damoukidebeli mizezebiT bavSvisTvis sazianoa; Tu
Svilis CamorTmeva xdeba mSoblis uflebebisa da movaleobebis CamorTmevis
an SezRudvis gareSe.
amave kanoniT, bavSvi, Tu man miaRwia 10 wels an 10 welze meti asakisaa, ar

eTanxmeba Svilad ayvanas (gaSvilebaze) an mindobiT aRzrdas, ar SeiZleba iqnes
gaSvilebuli, aseve akrZalulia 10 wlis an 10 welze meti asakis bavSvis gaSvileba
misi Tanxmobis gareSe. dauSvebelia da-Zmis, debis an/da Zmebis daSoreba, garda im
SemTxvevisa, rodesac es Seesabameba maT interesebs. mSvileblisa da gasaSvilebeli
bavSvis (Tu igi 10 wlisaa an 10 welze metisaa) moTxovniT sasamarTlo sxdoma
SeiZleba iyos Ria, xolo informacia - sajaro. Tu naSvilebi 10 wlisaa an 10
welze metisaa, Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba
dasaSvebia mxolod naSvilebis TanxmobiT.
gaSvilebisas an mindobisas SesaZleblobis farglebSi uzrunvelyofili unda
iqnes bavSvis axlo eTnikur, religiur da kulturul garemoSi aRzrdis
SesaZlebloba.
bavSvis janmrTelobis dacvis ufleba da am sferoSi misi nebis pativiscema aisaxa

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi: saqarTvelos kanoni janmrTelobis
dacvis Sesaxeb; pacientis uflebaTa Sesaxeb; organoTa gadanergvis Sesaxeb da sxva.
arasrulwlovan pacientTa uflebebi yvelaze kargad vlindeba saqarTvelos

kanonSi `pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb~ (2000), romelic arasrulwlovan
pacientebs iseTsave uflebebs aniWebs, rogorc srulwlovans, garda im
specifikuri SemTxvevebisa, rodesac Tavisi asakis gamo, pacienti mometebul
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yuradRebas saWiroebs. magaliTad, informirebuli Tanxmobis micema raime

samedicino manipulaciisas.
kanonmdebeli did yuradRebas uTmobs arasrulwlovnis janmrTelobis Sesaxeb

informaciis dacvas. mSoblebs an kanonier warmomadgenlebs arasrulwlovanis
janmrTelobis Sesaxeb informacia ar miewodeba, Tu informaciis miwodebis
winaaRmdegia TviT qmedunariani arasrulwlovani pacienti, aseve 14-dan 18
wlamde asakis arasrulwlovani pacienti, romelic samedicino momsaxurebis
gamwevis SexedulebiT sworad afasebs sakuTari janmrTelobis mdgomareobas
da romelmac eqims mimarTa sqesobrivad gadamdebi daavadebis an narkomaniis
mkurnalobis, kontracefciis araqirurgiuli meTodebis Sesaxeb konsultaciis
miRebis an orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis mizniT. 14-dan 18 wlamde
asakis arasrulwlovan pacients, romelic samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevis
SexedulebiT sworad afasebs sakuTari janmrTelobis mdgomareobas, ufleba
aqvs ganacxados informirebuli Tanxmoba samedicino momsaxurebaze, Tu man
samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevs mimarTa sqesobrivad gadamdebi daavadebis an
narkomaniis mkurnalobis, kontracefciis araqirurgiuli meTodebis Sesaxeb
konsultaciis miRebis an orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis mizniT.
saqarTvelos kanoni `fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ (2006) gansazRvravs

iseT SemTxvevebs, rodesac arasrulwlovani uars ambobs mkurnalobaze.
arasrulwlovans gaaCnia mkurnalobaze uaris Tqmis ufleba, Tu aqvs unari,
miiRos gacnobierebuli gadawyvetileba.
bavSvis uflebebis dacva garantirebulia saqarTvelos kanoniT `zogadi

ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ (2005). kanonis Tanaxmad, moswavles aqvs ufleba: Tanabar
pirobebSi, diskriminaciis gareSe, dadgenili wesiT, saskolo dros an skolis
teritoriaze isargeblos am TaviT daculi da skolis mier aRiarebuli yvela
uflebiTa da TavisuflebiT, agreTve skolis yvela resursiT; saxelmwifo icavs
moswavlis da mSoblis saganmanaTleblo arCevanis Tavisuflebas. moswavle
daculi unda iyos arasaTanado mopyrobis, uyuradRebobisa da Seuracxyofisagan;
sakuTari uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis Sesaxeb codnis ufleba.
moswavleebs aqvT ufleba, flobdnen informacias TavianTi uflebebisa

da Tavisuflebebis, agreTve maTi SezRudvis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb. skola
valdebulia, yovel axal moswavles gaacnos misi uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi;
uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis SezRudvisas moswavles gonivrul vadaSi
ganumartos SezRudvis safuZveli, moswavles ki aqvs ufleba, piradad an
arCeuli warmomadgenlis meSveobiT monawileoba miiRos skolis marTvaSi,
miiRos skolaSi arsebuli nebismieri informacia, garda piradi saidumloebis
Semcveli informaciisa; moiTxovos da miiRos skolis mier masTan dakavSirebuli
sakiTxis gadawyvetileba, moiTxovos misi azris mosmena da monawileoba miiRos
ganxilvaSi uSualod an warmomadgenlis meSveobiT.
`bavSvTa da axalgazrduli kavSirebis saxelmwifoebrivi mxardaWeris Sesaxeb“

(1999) saqarTvelos kanoniT daculia bavSvebis mier Seqmnil sxvadasxva saxis
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organizaciebi _ bavSvTa kavSirebi. bavSvTa kavSiri aris saqarTvelos samoqalaqo

kodeqsiT gansazRvruli wesiT Seqmnili arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli)
iuridiuli piri, romlis sadamfuZneblo dokumentaciiT gansazRvruli
saqmianobis mizania bavSvTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvis, maTi niWisa
da unaris ganviTarebisa da sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebisaTvis xelis Sewyoba.
bavSvTa kavSirSi gawevrianebisa da sadamfuZneblo dokumentaciiT gansazRvrul
saqmianobaSi monawileobis ufleba aqvs nebismier pirs 7 wlis asakidan, Tavisi
kanonieri warmomadgenlis TanxmobiT.
saqarTvelos kanoniT `reklamis Sesaxeb~ (1998) daculia arasrulwlovnis

uflebebi. kerZod, reklamis warmoebis, ganTavsebisa da gavrcelebis
dros arasrulwlovanTa gulubryvilobisa da gamoucdelobis borotad
gamoyenebisagan maTi dacvis mizniT akrZalulia: a) arasrulwlovanTa
STagoneba _ daarwmunon mSoblebi an sxva pirebi reklamirebuli saqonlis
SeZenaSi; b) arasrulwlovanTa yuradRebis mipyroba imaze, rom reklamirebuli
saqonlis floba upiratesobas aniWebs maT sxva arasrulwlovanTa mimarT,
xolo misi uqonloba iwvevs sawinaaRmdego efeqts; g) reklamaSi iseTi teqstis,
audio- da videoinformaciis moTavseba, romlebic aCvenebs arasrulwlovnebs
saSiS adgilas da saSiS viTarebaSi; d) arasrulwlovanTaTvis saqonlis
gamosayeneblad saWiro Cvevebis aucilebeli donis gauTvaliswinebloba.
amasTan, Tu saqonlis gamoyenebis Sedegebi naCvenebi an aRwerilia,
reklama unda iZleodes informacias imis Sesaxeb, risi miRwevac realurad
SesaZlebelia im asakobrivi jgufis arasrulwlovanTaTvis, romlisTvisac
gankuTvnilia es saqoneli; e) arasrulwlovanTaTvis saqonlis Rirebulebaze
(fasze) ararealuri (damaxinjebuli) warmodgenis Seqmna, kerZod, sityvebis
`mxolod~, `sul raRac~ da maT msgavsTa gamoyenebiT, agreTve pirdapiri an
iribi miTiTebiT imaze, rom reklamirebuli saqoneli xelmisawvdomia yvela
ojaxis biujetisaTvis.
saqarTvelos kanoni `mavne zegavlenisagan arasrulwlovanTa dacvis Sesaxeb~

(2001) gulisxmobs dacvas im mavne zegavlenisagan, romelic dakavSirebulia
alkoholuri sasmelebis da Tambaqos momxmareba-gasaRebasTan, azartul
TamaSobebSi monawileobasTan, iseT filmebis CvenebasTan, nabeWdi produqciis
moxmareba-gasaRebasTan, romelmac SeiZleba ziani miayenos arasrulwlovnis
fsiqikur an/da fizikur janmrTelobas, mis moralur da socialur ganviTarebas.
analogiur akrZalvas Seicavs saqarTvelos kanoni `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~

(2004), romlis mixediTac ikrZaleba bavSvTa da mozardTa fizikur, gonebriv
da zneobriv ganviTarebaze mavne zegavlenis momxdeni programebis im dros
ganTavseba, roca maT mier am programebis naxvis an mosmenis didi albaToba
arsebobs.
arasrulwlovanTa SromiTi uflebebis dacvis garantiebi Camoyalibebulia

saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsSi (2006). saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba zogadad
iTvaliswinebs Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciisa (ILO) da sxva saerTaSoriso
organizaciebis rezoluciebsa da standartebs.
26
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT samuSaoze miRebis minimaluri asakia

16 weli. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT ar aris akrZaluli 16 wlamde
arasrulwlovanis dasaqmeba, magram kanonmdebeli miuTiTebs im pirobebze,
romelic unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli arasrulwlovanis dasaqmebisas:
kanonieri warmomadgenlis an mzrunvelobis/meurveobis organos Tanxmoba;
rodesac … SromiTi urTierTobebi ar ewinaaRmdegeba arasrulwlovanis
interesebs; zians ar ayenebs mis zneobriv, fizikur da gonebriv ganviTarebas;
ar uzRudavs mas savaldebulo dawyebiTi da sabazo ganaTlebis miRebis
uflebas da SesaZleblobas. 14 wlamde asakis arasrulwlovanTan SesaZlebelia
SromiTi xelSekrulebis dadeba, magram mxolod sportul, xelovnebasTan
dakavSirebul da kulturis sferoSi saqmianobaze, aseve sareklamo samuSaos
Sesasruleblad.
akrZalulia arasrulwlovanTan SromiTi xelSekrulebis dadeba saTamaSo

biznesTan, Ramis gasarTob dawesebulebebTan, erotikuli da pornografiuli
produqciis, farmacevtuli da toqsikuri nivTierebebis damzadebasTan,
gadazidvasTan da realizaciasTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad.
arasrulwlovanis kanonier warmomadgenels an mzrunvelobis/meurveobis
organos ufleba aqvT moiTxovon arasrulwlovanTan SromiTi xelSekrulebis
moSla, Tu muSaobis gagrZeleba zians miayenebs arasrulwlovnis sicocxles,
janmrTelobas an sxva, mniSvnelovan interesebs.
Sromis kodeqsiT akrZalulia arasrulwlovanTan SromiTi xelSekrulebis

dadeba mZime, mavne da saSiSpirobebiani samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad. SromiTi
kodeqsi zRudavs arasrulwlovnis 22 saaTidan 6 saaTamde dasaqmebas.
bavSvis uflebebis dacvis meqnizmebi Cadebulia saqarTvelos kanonSi òjaxSi

Zaladobis aRkveTis, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverlTa dacvisa da daxmarebis
Sesaxeb~ (2006).
ojaxSi Zaladoba gulisxmobs ojaxis erTi wevris mier meoris konstituciuri

uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis darRvevas fizikuri, fsiqologiuri,
ekonomikuri, seqsualuri ZaladobiT an iZulebiT.
kanonis Tanaxmad, bavSvis mimarT fizikuri Zaladobis kvalis arsebobisas

kanoniT dadgenili wesiT unda moxdes bavSvis misi mSoblebisagan gancalkeveba.
sasamarTlos saboloo gadawyvetilebis miRebamde droebiTi RonisZiebis saxiT
damcavi orderis safuZvelze xdeba bavSvis gancalkeveba moZalade mSoblisagan.
sasamarTlo gansazRvravs moZalade mSoblis mier bavSvis monaxulebis vadebs. am
drosac kanoni mkacrad icavs bavSvis usafrTxoebas. mSobels bavSvis monaxulebis
ufleba SeiZleba mieces mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca mis mimarT daculi iqneba
usafrTxoebis yvela zoma, romelic SeiZleba moicavdes bavSvis monaxulebis
adgils, dros, periodulobas, xangrZlivobas da pirs, romelic pasuxismgebelia
bavSvis usafrTxoebis moTxovnebis dacvaze. Tu bavSvis mimarT usafrTxoebis
zomebi daculi ar aris, moZalade mSoblis mier bavSvis monaxulebis ufleba
izRudeba.
27
2010 wlis martidan funqcionirebs “bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis procedurebi”,

romelic sami saministros – Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis
saministro, Sinagan saqmeTa saministro da ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis
saministro – koordinaciis meqanizms warmoadgens da miznad isaxavs bavSvis
mimarT Zaladobis faqtebis adreul etapze gamovlenasa da maTze reagirebas.
ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtze operatiuli reagirebisaTvis uflebamosili organos

mier msxverplis dacvisa da moZaladis garkveuli moqmedebebis SezRudvis
uzrunvelsayofad, droebiTi RonisZiebis saxiT, SesaZlebelia, gamoices
Semakavebeli an damcavi orderi.
damcavi orderi aris pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos (mosamarTlis) mier

administraciuli samarTalwarmoebis wesiT gamocemuli aqti, romliTac
ganisazRvreba ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi Zaladobis msxverplis
dacvis droebiTi RonisZiebebi, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac arsebobs
sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis aRZvris safuZveli da pirs aRkveTis RonisZiebis
saxiT Sefardebuli aqvs patimroba. moZaladis mier damcavi orderiT
gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis Seusrulebloba iwvevs sisxlissamarTlebriv
pasuxismgeblobas.
Semakavebeli orderi aris policiis uflebamosili TanamSromlis mier
gamocemuli aqti, romliTac ganisazRvreba ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi
Zaladobis msxverplis dacvis droebiTi RonisZiebebi da romelic gamocemidan
24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi dasamtkiceblad waredgineba sasamarTlos.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis 32-e muxli krZalavs bavSvis monuri Sromis

gamoyenebas. analogiuri akrZalva mocemulia `transnacionaluri organizebuli
danaSaulis winaaRmdeg~ gaeros konvenciisa da misi damatebiTi oqmi àdamianebis,
gansakuTrebiT qalebisa da bavSvebis, trefikingis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa
da dasjis Sesaxeb~, romlis monawilec 2006 wlidan saqarTveloc gaxda.
trefikingi (adamianiT vaWroba) - adamianis yidva an gayidva, an mis mimarT sxva

ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba, agreTve muqariT, ZaladobiT an iZulebis sxva
formiT, motacebiT, SantaJiT, TaRliTobiT, motyuebiT, umweo mdgomareobis
an Zalauflebis borotad gamoyenebiT, sazRauris anda sargeblis micemis an
miRebis gziT im piris Tanxmobis misaRwevad, romelsac sxva pirze zegavlenis
moxdena SeuZlia, adamianis gadabireba, gadayvana, gadamalva, daqiraveba,
transportireba, gadacema, Sefareba anda miReba eqspluataciis mizniT.
arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi) - arasrulwlovnis yidva an gayidva, an
mis mimarT sxva ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba, agreTve misi gadabireba,
gadayvana, gadamalva, daqiraveba, transportireba, gadacema, Sefareba anda
miReba eqspluataciis mizniT.
trefikingis msxverpl bavSvTa uflebebis dacva xorcieldeba transnacionaluri

organizebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg gaeros konvenciis oqmiT adamianebis,
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gansakuTrebiT qalebisa da bavSvebis, trefikingis Tavidan acilebis, aRkveTisa

da dasjis, agreTve àdamianebiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis
Sesaxeb~ evropis sabWos konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis
meqanizmebiT da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier miRebuli saxelmZRvanelo
miTiTebebiT. am dokumentebis safuZvelze. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsSi gaTvaliswinebulia specialuri muxlebi – adamianiT vaWroba
(trefikingi); arasrulwlovniT vaWroba (trefikingi); adamianis vaWrobis
(trefikingis) msxverlis (dazaralebulis) momsaxurebiT sargebloba.
saqarTveloSi moqmedebs specialuri kanoni àdamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis)
winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb” (2006), romliTac daculia bavSvis uflebebi.
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba yuradRebas uTmobs kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi

mozardisadmi efeqtur, samarTlian da humanur damokidebulebas da cdilobs,
erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi daamkvidros saerTaSoriso standartebi am sferoSi.
adaministraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsiT administraciuli
pasuxismgebloba ekisrebaT administraciuli samarTaldarRvevis Cadenis
momentisaTvis Teqvsmeti wlis asaks miRweul pirebs. magaliTad, metropoliteniT
sargeblobis wesebis darRveva; wvrilmani xulignoba an xulignoba, Cadenili
ToTxmetidan Teqvsmet wlamde mozardis mier, wvrilmani qurdoba da sxva.
administraciuli patimroba ar SeiZleba SeefardoT Tvrameti wlis asaks
miuRwevel pirebs.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi uxvad Seicavs arasrulwlovanTa

uflebebis dacviT normebs. arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis saqarTveloSi
arsebuli sistemis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ixileT me-2 TavSi.
gamoxatvis Tavisufleba da bavSvis uflebebis dacva qarTul

kanonmdeblobaSi
saqarTvelos konstituciis 24-e muxli aRiarebs informaciisa da ideebis

daubrkoleblad gavrcelebisa da miRebis uflebas, Tumca SezRudvis erT-
erT kriteriumad adgens sxva pirTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvas.
Sesabamisad, gamoxatvis Tavisufleba SeiZleba SeizRudos im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is
laxavs bavSvis konstituciiT dacul sxva uflebebs da winaaRmdegobaSi modis
bavSvis konstituciiT dacul interesebTan.
imTaviTve unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba gansxvavebul wesebs

udgens samauwyeblo (tele- da radiomauwyebloba) mediasa da presas. samauwyeblo
medias gacilebiT meti regulacia da valdebulebebi aqvs, misi zemoqmedebis
SesaZleblobebidan gamomdinare.1
bavSvTa uflebebis dacvas mediaSi iTvaliswinebda kanoni `mavne zegavlenisagan
arasrulwlovanTa dacvis Sesaxeb~. 2004 wlis 23 dekembris cvlilebebis Tanaxmad
1 ra Tqma unda, regulaciebi marto gavlenis SesaZlebelobebidan ar aris ganpirobebuli. mnSvnelovania

amowurvadi resursebiT sargblobac, Tumca gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania swored es sakiTxi, ris
gamoc moxda masze aqcentireba.
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aRniSnuli funqcia srulad gadavida komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis

regulirebis sferoSi da mas daevala `mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis miReba~,
romliTac dadgindeboda bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebisaTvis savaldebulo
wesebi. swored is faqti, rom arasrulwlovanTa interesebis dacva mediaSi
gaTvaliswinebulia mxolod da mxolod `mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsSi~,
ganapirobebs mis savaldebuloobas mauwyeblebis da ara presis mimarT.
presis mimarT vrceldeba is zogadi kriteriumebi da moTxovnebi, rac dadgenilia

konstituciiTa da kanoniT `sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb~.
magaliTad, yalbi faqtebis, Seuracxmyofeli masalebis gavrcelebiT, sxva
pirovnuli uflebebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi dainteresebul pirs SesaZlebloba
aqvs, dava awarmoos sasamarTloSi media saSualebis winaaRmdeg. aRniSnuli imas
gulisxmobs, rom presas SeuZlia imoqmedos sakuTari eTikuri standartebis
Sesabamisad, winaswar kanoniT dadgenili wesebis gareSe, xolo dainteresebul
pirs2 aqvs post-faqtum reagirebis ufleba.
gansxvavebul mdgomareobaSia samauwyeblo media. Jurnalistebis mier

arasrulwlovanTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebisaTvis savaldebulo wesebs adgens
saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis 2009 wlis 12 martis dadgenilebiT
damtkicebuli `mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsis~ me-11 Tavi. qcevis kodeqsi adgens
im winaswar kriteriumebs, rac savaldebulod unda gaiTvaliswinos mauwyebelma.
magaliTad, sabavSvo gadacemebis gaSveba gansazRvrul dros, savaraudo
auditoriis winaswar gansazRvra.
arasrulwlovnebze mavne zegavlenis Tavidan acilebis mizniT filmebze

gamoiyeneba Sesabamisi specialuri SemzRudavi niSani. gansakuTrebulad
SezRudulia uxamsi da Zaladobis amsaxveli masalebis gaSveba eTerSi im dros,
rodesac, savaraudod, didia arasrulwlovanTa auditoria. aseve akrZalulia
maTTvis gankuTvnil gadacemebSi Seuracxmyofeli leqsikis gamoyeneba.
arasrulwlovanTa interesebis dacvis TavlsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli

mniSvneloba akisria sazogadoebriv mauwyebels, romelic `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~
kanonis3 Tanaxmad valdebulia, programebSi asaxos asakobrivi mravalferovneba
da, aseve, bavSvTa da mozardTa interesebis Sesabamisi proporciiT ganaTavsos
sabavSvo programebi.
sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis sameurveo sabWos mier datkicebul 2010 wlis

samoqmedo gegmaSi gansakuTrebulad aris gamoyofili bavSvTa interesebis
gaTvaliswineba. sazogadoebrivi mauwyeblis erT-erTi prioritetia `sabavSvo
da axalgazrduli programebi yvela asakobrivi (skolamdeli, umcrosi saskolo,
ufrosi saskolo, studentebi) jgufisaTvis~.4
2 am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba bavSvi da misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli.

3 ix. saqarTvelos kanoni `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~ muxli 16.
4 www.gpb.ge
30
3. bavSvis uflebebi da media

 mediis gavlena axalgazrdebze
 bavSvebis asaxva mediaSi
 mediis mier bavSvebis eqspluatacia
 bavSvebis monawileoba mediaSi
 mediis mxridan bavSvze zemoqmedebis fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi
òslos gamowveva~
1999 wlis noemberSi mediaproeqtebSi Cabmuli axalgazrdebi, mediis

profesionalebi da bavSvis uflebaTa eqspertebi Seikribnen norvegiis dedaqalaq
osloSi, raTa ganexilaT, Tu ra rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia medias bavSvis
uflebebis ganviTarebaSi msoflio masStabiT. msjeloba moicavda xuT Temas:
 bavSvis ufleba, xeli miuwvdebodes mediaze, maT Soris axal mediaze;

 bavSvis ufleba, miiRos codna da Seiqmnas warmodgena mediasTan
dakavSirebiT;
 bavSvis ufleba, monawileoba miiRos mediaSi;
 bavSvis ufleba, daculi iyos mediiT miyenebuli zianisgan da ekranze
arsebuli Zaladobisgan;
 mediis roli bavSvis uflebebis dacvasa da xelSewyobaSi.
am ganxilvebis safuZvelze gaCnda òslos gamowveva~, romelic aRiarebda, rom

`bavSvebsa da medias Soris urTierToba aris kari bavSvebis da maTi uflebebis
did da mravalsaxovan samyaroSi – ganaTlebis, gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis,
TamaSis, identobis, janmrTelobis, Rirsebis da sakuTari Tavis pativiscemis,
dacvis samyaroSi – da rom media garkveul rols TamaSobs bavSvis uflebebis
yvela aspeqtSi, bavSvis cxovrebis yovel elementSi~.
òslos gamowveva~ moqmedebisken mowodebaa. igi yvelas miswvda, vinc bavSvebisa

da mediis rTuli urTierTobis kvleviT, ganviTarebiT da monitoringiT aris
dakavebuli da monawileobs amaSi: mTavrobebi, organizaciebi da kerZo pirebi,
romlebic bavSvebis sakiTxebze muSaoben, mediis profesionalebi yvela doneze
da yvela media saSualebaSi, kerZo seqtori, maT Soris mediis mflobelebi,
bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi, mSoblebi, maswavleblebi da mkvlevrebi (ìunisefis~
vebgverdi www.unicef.org/magic am mowodebaze gamoxmaurebaa – aq mocemulia
mTeli msoflios bavSvebis mier bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebis monawileobiT
Seqmnili mediaproeqtebi, sxva bmulebTan da informaciasTan erTad).
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ramdenime ZiriTadi muxli exeba mediisa da

bavSvebis sakiTxebs. bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma sami ZiriTadi sakiTxi gamoyo
gansaxilvelad:
31
 mediis saSualebebiT bavSvis warmoCenis gaumjobeseba;

 bavSvebis waxaliseba, rom aqtiurad miiRon mediaSi monawileoba;
 bavSvebis dacva mediis mavne zemoqmedebisgan.
konvenciis me-17 muxli ganmartavs mediis mniSvnelovan rols informaciis
gavrcelebaSi da ganusazRvravs monawile saxelmwifoebs konkretul amocanebs,
rac farTo gagebiT xels uwyobs bavSvis keTildReobas. igulisxmeba, rom
saxelmwifoebi àRiareben masobrivi informaciis saSualebaTa mniSvnelovan
rols~ da ùzrunvelyofen bavSvisaTvis sxvadasxva erovnuli da saerTaSoriso
wyaroebiT gavrcelebuli informaciisa da masalebis xelmisawvdomobas,
gansakuTrebiT iseTi informaciis da masalebisa, romlebic mimarTulia bavSvis
socialuri, sulieri da moraluri keTildReobisaken, agreTve jansaRi fizikuri
da fsiqikuri ganviTarebis xelSewyobisaken.~
konvenciis me-12 muxli aRiarebs bavSvis uflebas, gamoxatos Tavisi Sexedulebebi

nebismier sakiTxze, romelic mas exeba. me-13 muxli amkvidrebs gamoxatvis
Tavisuflebas: ès ufleba moicavs Tavisuflebas, miuxedavad sazRvrebisa,
moiZios, miiRos an gaavrcelos nebismieri saxis informacia an mosazrebebi
zepirad, werilobiT an beWdviTi formiT, xelovnebis saxiT an nebismieri sxva
saSualebiT sakuTari arCevanisamebr.~
es muxlebi emsaxureba ara marto kargad informirebuli moqalaqis Camoyalibebas,

aramed imasac, rom axalgazrdebis xma ufro xSirad ismodes masobrivi
informaciis saSualebebiT. igi iZleva mkafio gzavnils, rom bavSvebi unda iyvnen
saainformacio revoluciis rogorc monawileebi, ise beneficiarebi.
ukanaskneli ori aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi, kerZod, masobrivi informaciis axali

saSualebebisa da internetis gavrcelebis Semdeg, bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis
mediis sakiTxma globaluri mniSvneloba SeiZina. zogierTma dainteresebulma
mxarem daiwyo bavSvis uflebebis realizeba mediis saSualebiT – magaliTad,
imis uzrunvelyofiT, rom axalgazrduli auditoriisTvis xelmisawvdomi iyos
maRalxarisxovani Sinaarsis media, gaismodes axalgazrdebis xma da bavSvebis
Sesaxeb sakiTxebi eTikurad Suqdebodes.
mediis gavlena axalgazrdebze

mravali kvlevaa Catarebuli bavSvebze mediis _ maT Soris mediaSi Zaladobis
asaxvis _ zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb. rogorc zogierTi eqsperti, magaliTad, miCiganis
universitetis profesori l. rouel hiusmani (2000) amtkicebs, 50-wliani
dakvirveba cxadyofs, rom `Zaladoba mediaSi zrdis bavSvebis agresiulobas da
es wlebis Semdeg iCens Tavs, rodesac isini zrdasrul asaks aRweven.~ Tumca
sxvebi, maT Soris jonaTan fridmani torontos universitetidan, amtkiceben,
rom `samecniero monacemebi ar adasturebs, rom Zaladobis naxva Zaladobas
warmoSobs an mis mimarT ugrZnobs xdis adamians.~
mediis gavrceleba da globalizacia Tanamedrove axalgazrduli kulturis

erT-erTi ganmsazRvreli faqtoria. bevr qveyanaSi axalgazrdebs gacilebiT
32
metad miuwvdebaT xeli multimediis saSualebebze, vidre adre – es aris

tradiciuli, satelituri da sakabelo televiziis arxebi; radiosadgurebi;
gazeTebi da Jurnalebi; interneti, kompiuteri da videoTamaSebi. dRes ucxouri
programebi da media bevrad ufro xelmisawvdomia. msoflios bevr qveyanaSi
naklebia oficialuri cenzura da kontroli. informaciis, eleqtronuli
fostis da fotoebis gacvla msoflioSi dRes ufro swrafad da Tavisuflad
xdeba, vidre odesme. amitom ganxiluli unda iqnes, rogorc bavSvebis mediaSi
monawileobis, ise mavne zegavlenisagan maTi dacvis sakiTxebi.
bavSvebis asaxva mediaSi

mediis mier bavSvebis asaxva did gavlenas axdens bavSvebisa da bavSvobis mimarT
damokidebulebaze da mniSvnelovnad moqmedebs bavSvebis mimarT mozrdilTa
qcevaze. mediis saSualebiT mowodebuli aRwera misabaZ magaliTad iqceva
axalgazrdebisTvis da zemoqmedebas axdens maT poziciasa da molodinze. is,
Tu rogor xdeba bavSvebis warmodgena mediis mier, an sulac maTi ignorireba,
gavlenas axdens bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT miRebul gadawyvetilebebze da
sazogadoebis danarCeni nawilis damokidebulebaze maT mimarT. media xSirad
bavSvebs ise aRwers, rogorc pasiur, utyv `msxverplebs.~
bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisaTvis SesaZleblobis micemiT, Tavad ilaparakon

TavianT imedebze, SiSebsa Tu miRwevebze, aseve maT cxovrebaze ufrosebis qcevis
zemoqmedebaze, mediis profesionalebs SeuZliaT Seaxsenon sazogadoebas, rom
bavSvebi iseve imsaxureben pativiscemas, rogorc yvela adamiani.
Jurnalistebis saerTaSoriso federaciis informaciiT, mediis mier bavSvebis

asaxva amkvidrebs mTel rig miTebs:
 ganviTarebadi qveynebis ojaxebi, Rataki bavSvebi, agreTve omisa da

sxvadasxva ubedurebis msxverplebi kargaven individualobas da humanurobas.
maT xSirad aCveneben rogorc umweo tanjulebs, romlebsac ar SeuZliaT
moqmedeba, fiqri an laparaki;
 bavSvebis problemebis gaSuqebisas arsebobs tendencia, rom fokusireba
moxdes sensaciur ambebze, xolo mravalricxovani problemebi, romlebic
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSia gansazRvruli, uyuradRebod rCeba;
 xSirad mediaSi erTjeradi reportaJebia bavSvebis Sesaxeb, rasac ar mohyveba
analizi da Semdgomi moqmedeba;
 konfidencialurobas bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT yovelTvis ar uweven angariSs;
 axal ambebSi bavSvebs xSirad stereotipulad warmoaCenen, magaliTad:
àfrikeli moSimSile bavSvebi~ da ùpasuxismgeblo Tineijerebi.~
dominirebs ambebi bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobaze, arasrulwlovanTa

damnaSaveobaze, quCis bavSvebze, maSin, rodesac bavSvis uflebebTan
dakavSirebuli sxva problemebi, rogoricaa TamaSis, dasvenebisa da sportis
ufleba, ar aris miCneuli axali ambebisTvis saintereso siuJetad. amis
Sedegad iqmneba daubalansebeli STabeWdileba, rom bavSvebi an `msxverplebi~
33
arian, an saxifaTo `SfoTisTavebi.~

1998 wels britanuli organizacia `Cildrenz eqspresi~ romelic saSualebas
aZlevs bavSvebs da axalgazrdebs, monawileoba miiRon mediis saqmianobaSi, Tavad
weron da redaqtireba gaukeTon reportaJebs, monitorings uwevda erovnuli
gazeTebis Sinaarss erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi. mkvlevrebma `Svidi momakvdinebeli
stereotipi~ aRmoaCines. sixSiris mixedviT esenia:
 `msxverpli bavSvebi~: 31,5%

 `sayvareli bavSvebi~ (gaumarTlebeli, mizanTan Seusabamo foto/
gamosaxuleba): 26,7%
 `patara eSmakebi~ (bavSvebis `demonizeba~/anu maTTvis aTasnairi codvis
miwera): 10,8%
 `bavSvebi SesaniSnavebi arian~ (gansakuTrebuli bavSvebi): 9,7%
 `bavSvebi, rogorc aqsesuarebi~ (anu mSoblebis sakuTreba): 8,4%
 `dRevandeli bavSvebi~ (mozrdilebis nostalgia warsulis mimarT): 7,5%
 `patara angelozebi~ (visac cudis gakeTeba ar SeuZlia): 5,4%
stereotipebisken midrekilebas mowmobs kvleva, romelic organizacia `MORI~-m

(bazrisa da sazogadoebrivi azris saerTaSoriso kvleva - Market and Opinion
Research International) Caatara 2004 wels britanuli JurnalisTvis `Young People
Now~ (`dRevandeli axalgazrdoba~). masSi naTqvamia: [axalgazrdebis] es jgufebi
xedaven presaSi damkvidrebul negatiur stereotips da grZnoben, rom es
moqmedebs maT yoveldRiur cxovrebaze, imaze, Tu rogor eqcevian maT ufrosebi,
rodesac sajaro TavSeyris adgilebSi arian megobrebTan erTad. amasTan,
isini Tvlian, rom Jurnalistebi naCqarevad ikaveben moraluri upiratesobis
pozicias, rodesac axalgazrdebis qcevas afaseben~. isini amas farisevlur pozad
aRiqvamen, radgan Tvlian, rom Jurnalistebs axasiaTebT gazviadeba imisaTvis,
rom ukeTesad gayidon gazeTebi da fuli iSovon: `nebismier rames miagneben da
moipoveben, Tu dasaweri SemoakldebaT. sul ar adardebT, vinmes reputacias Tu
Crdili miadgeba.~ es `MORI~-s adrindel (2003) gamokvlevas exmaureba, romelic
cxadyofs, rom 11-18 wlis 914 axalgazrdidan orma mesamedma (64%) ganacxada,
rom ar endoba Jurnalistebs.
ase rom, marTalia, media mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb
sazogadoebis informirebulobis amaRlebaSi, magram, amave dros, is SeiZleba
saeWvo partnioric aRmoCndes.
mediis mier bavSvebis eqspluatacia

erTi mxriv, sainformacio media aSuqebs Zaladobis msxverplebs an mogviTxrobs
ambebs moZaladeebis Sesaxeb reportaJebis, fotoebis, dokumenturi filmebisa da
sxva saSualebebiT. meore mxriv, igi Tavad SeiZleba gaxdes eqspluatatori, rodesac
axal ambebSi an reklamaSi bavSvebis seqsualurad provokaciul saxeebs qmnis.
mediis profesionalebi kargad arian momzadebulni saimisod, rom bavSvis

uflebebi stabilurad SeinarCunon sainformacio formatSi, am uflebebis
34
dasacavad seriozuli Zalisxmeva gamoiyenon da moiTxovon bavSvis uflebebis

dacva imaTgan, vinc amas ar akeTebs. magram komerciulma mosazrebebma SeiZleba
aiZulos media, rom Tavidan airidos es pasuxismgebloba. interesTa uxerxuli
wonasworoba prevalirebs iq, sadac eTikuri standartebi SeiZleba msxverplad
Seewiros komerciul moTxovnebs.
bavSvebis monawileoba mediaSi

axalgazrdebis mediaSi monawileobis magaliTebi adasturebs maT interess
gare samyaros mimarT, gansakuTrebiT, Tu maT Sansi eZlevaT, rom TavianTi
Tavi gamoxaton im sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic maT exeba. interesTa
jgufebis da mediis organizaciebis mzardi raodenoba uamrav SesaZleblobas
qmnis axalgazrdebisaTvis, rom mediaSi miiRon monawileoba.
mediaproeqtebis magaliTebi
warmatebuli mediaproeqtebisa da programebis magaliTebi bavSvebisa da
axalgazrdebisTvis da maTi monawileobiT:
ÀNDI~ – bavSvis uflebaTa braziliuri axali ambebis saagento monitorings

uwevs mediis mier bavSvebisa da axalgazrdobis gaSuqebas, treningebs utarebs
da muSaobs JurnalistebTan, romlebic weren bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis
sakiTxebze. ÀNDI“-s ZalisxmeviT mniSvnelovnad gaizarda da gaumjobesda
bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis sakiTxebis gaSuqeba braziliur mediaSi. es modeli
axla laTinuri amerikis rva qveyanaSi inergeba.
`TROC“ - albaneTis axalgazrda reportiorebi. aTeulobiT axalgazrda 13-

dan 18 wlamde qveynis yvela kuTxidan gadis trenings am yovelkvireuli
teleJurnalis saSualebiT. studentebi swavloben video axali ambebis
warmoebis yvela aspeqts da pasuxismgebelni arian programebis dagegmvasa da
gamoSvebaze ufrosebis mciredi daxmarebiT. es programa Zalze popularulia
axalgazrda mayureblebs Soris albaneTsa da mezobel qveynebSi. isini afaseben
`TROC“-s rogorc pirvel satelevizio Sous, romelic saTanadod aSuqebs
socialur problemebs mTeli qveynis masStabiT.
`mukTo xobor~ (Mukto Khobor) – (Tavisufali axali ambebi) – es aris

yovelkvireuli axali ambebis 25-wuTiani gamoSveba da mimdinare ambebis
programa bangladeSSi, romelsac 11-dan 17 wlamde bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi
qmnian. is yuradRebas amaxvilebs bavSvebsa da maT uflebebTan dakavSirebul
sakiTxebze. igi uzrunvelyofs forums axalgazrdebisTvis, rom maT SeZlon
TavianTi Sexedulebebis gamoxatva, uviTarebs axalgazrda Jurnalistebs
specialur unar-Cvevebs, STaagonebs axalgazrda mayureblebs, romlebic
xedaven TavianTi Tanatolebis warmatebul muSaobas mediaSi da uCvenebs,
rom axalgazrdebs SeuZliaT, mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanon arsebul
problemebTan brZolaSi.
35
afrikis bavSvTa da mauwyeblobis fondi (`CBFA“). es fondi 1995 wels

Seiqmna. misi mizani iyo, xeli Seewyo bavSvebisa da mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb
afrikis wesdebis ganxorcielebisTvis, agreTve miepyro mauwyeblebisa da
prodiuserebis yuradReba maRalxarisxovani sabavSvo televiziis Seqmnis
aucileblobisken. `CBFA“-s miznobriv jgufSi Sedian 9-dan 16 wlamde
axalgazrdebi, mediis profesionalebi da mauwyeblebi. fondi marTavs
seminarebs, kinoCvenebebsa da Sexvedrebs, romelTa ganxilvis sagani
afrikeli bavSvebis problemebi da uflebebia.
egviptis video da Temis ocnebebis proeqti avrcelebs ganviTarebis da

mosaxleobis saqmianobis centr àxali horizontebis~ programis codnasa
da gamocdilebas da aZlierebs axalgazrda qalebisa da gogonebis xmas
egviptur sazogadoebaSi. qalTa jgufebi sxvadasxva egvipturi Temidan
euflebian video da saprodiusero unar-Cvevebs da swavloben problemur an
delikatur sakiTxebze muSaobas. jgufis wevrebi cnobadi xdebian, rogorc
spikerebi da liderebi da xels uwyoben stereotipebis damsxvrevas. am
jgufebis mier Seqmnili videomasalebi xSirad aRZravs diskusiebs da xels
uwyobs problemis mogvarebis adgilobrivi gzebis Ziebas TiToeul TemSi.
mediaSi monawileoba SesaniSnav Sedegebs aZlevs axalgazrdebs, rac Sejamebulia

ìuneskos~ sainformacio samsaxuris 2001 wlis yovelwliur gamocemaSi
`mosazrebebi bavSvebisa da mediis Sesaxeb.~ es Sedegebia:
 siamayis, siZlierisa da sakuTari Tavis pativiscemis grZnobis

gaZliereba, rodesac axalgazrdebi grZnoben, rom maTi xma yuradRebis
Rirsi gaxda, isini sazogadoebis nawils warmoadgenen, maT gauges sxvebs
da sakuTar kulturas;
 maTi yoveldRiuri ocnebebis da sakuTari adgilobrivi, socialuri da
eTnikuri kulturisa da sinamdvilis asaxva mediaSi;
 unar-Cvevebisa da cnobismoyvareobis gaZliereba da mediis sakiTxebSi
kompetenturobis amaRleba (magaliTad, mediis kritikuli gaazreba);
 audio-vizualuri mediis warmoebaSi monawileobis meSveobiT socialuri
samarTlianobis gazrdili SegrZneba im axalgazrdebSi, romlebic
kargad ar swavloben tradiciul, beWdviT masalebze dafuZnebul
skolebSi;
 meti interesi da monawileoba sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, sakuTari
pirobebiT, rac, Tavis mxriv, gadaizrdeba moqmedebaSi, romelic miznad
daisaxavs mediasa da TemebSi axalgazrdebis problemebis ganxilvis
gaumjobesebas.
mediis mxridan bavSvze zemoqmedebis fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi
bavSvebi da mozardebi masmediis yuradRebis centrSi, rogorc wesi, raime

negatiuri, dramatuli movlenebisa da incidentebis Sedegad xvdebian: omi,
36
SimSili, bunebrivi katastrofebi, mkvleloba da Zaladoba – ai is konteqsti,

romlis mTavari gmirebi xSirad bavSvebi arian. Sesabamisad, iqmneba STabeWdileba
bavSvebze, rogorc msxverplsa an moZaladeze. mozardebTan dakavSirebuli
problemuri situaciebis gaSuqeba gavlenas axdens, rogorc Tavad incidentSi
CarTul mozardze, aseve masmediis mravalaTasian auditoriaze, gansakuTrebiT
ki bavSvebze.
Jurnalistebs xSirad aqvT saqme ama Tu im xarisxis matravmirebel movlenasa

da dazaralebul, travmirebul adamianTan. masmedia, romlis movaleobaa
gaaSuqos es incidentebi, mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs (zogjer negatiurs)
Zaladobis, incidentebis, travmirebulobis xarisxis gansazRvraSi.
informaciis Segrovebis dros, dazaralebulis interviurebis procesSi
Jurnalisti cdilobs aRweros rac SeiZleba `mZime~ da `saSineli~ istoria,
moagrovos e.w. `sensaciuri masala~. es amZimebs matravmirebeli incidentis
xarisxs, aiZulebs dazaralebuls, kidev erTxel ganicados is tkivili,
damcireba, SiSi da Seuracxyofa, romelic mas Tavs gadaxda. Jurnalisti
ar aris fsiqoTerapevti da, bunebrivia, is ver gauadvilebs dazaralebuls
mdgomareobas _ is Tavisda uneburad tovebs respondents pirispir sakuTar
gancdebTan.
masmediis matravmirebeli zegavlenis kidev erTi aspeqtia is, Tu rogor

interpretacias aZlevs Jurnalisti matravmirebel (Zaladobis) incidents.
aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac xdeba movlenis dramatizeba, kidev ufro damZimeba.
Jurnalisti aseve cdilobs, moiZios mizezebi da ipovos damnaSaveebi, xdeba
warsulze fiqsireba, iqmneba gamouvalobis STabeWdileba, ramac mkiTxvel
auditoriaSi SeiZleba gamoiwvios ususurobis gancda, SiSisa da SfoTvis
momateba, agresiuli impulsebis gaaqtiureba, rac sabolood sazogadoebaSi
arasasurveli fsiqoemociuri fonis Seqmnas uwyobs xels.
rac Seexeba masmediis gavlenas bavSvebisa da mozardebis fsiqikur janmrTe-

lobaze, winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi weria: `bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio
qseli: eTikuri saxelmZRvanelo principebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxe-
bis gaSuqebisaTvis:
nu miayenebT raime zians bavSvs; moerideT iseT kiTxvebs an komentarebs,

romlebic SeiZleba sadavo aRmoCndes kulturuli TvalsazrisiT da romlebic
bavSvs Seuqmnis safrTxes, daucvels gaxdis Seuracxyofisgan an gaaRviZebs masSi
tkivilsa da wuxils, gamowveuls travmuli movlenebiT”
zianSi, `tkivilsa da wuxilSi” igulisxmeba bavSvis fsiqoemociuri mdgomareoba
da qvemoT moyvanil magaliTebSi kargad Cans, ramdenad seriozuli SeiZleba
gaxdes es `ziani~.
SemTxveva 1
arasrulwlovanma k.g.-m, quCaSi urTierTSelaparakebis dros, civi iaraRiT
msubuqi Wriloba miayena moqalaqe r.d.-s. incidentis Semdeg is mSobelTan
37
erTad gamocxadda policiaSi, sadac daakaves. amis Semdgom mozardi Tveebis

ganmavlobaSi masmediis yuradRebis centrSi aRmoCnda, ZiriTadad SemTxvevis
gaSuqebisas xdeboda faqtis dramatizeba, Sefaseba, ojaxisa da mozardis
dadanaSauleba. nawili sazogadoebisa iziarebda aseT damokidebulebas, nawili
cdilobda, mozardi `gmirad~ warmoeCina da mis dauyonebliv ganTavisuflebas
iTxovda. yuradRebis centrSi yofna, sazogadoebrivi damokidebulebis aseTi
polarizeba zemoqmedebs mozardis jer kidev Camouyalibebel fsiqikaze. orive
pozicia momxdari faqtis Seusabamoa. moyvanil magaliTSi moxda mozardze
orazrovani ìarliyis~ – msxverplisa da moZaladis – mikvra. msgavsi viTareba
zemoqmedebs mozardis fsiqoemociur mdgomareobaze, vinaidan orive pozicia
araadekvaturia, xels uSlis mozards, gaacnobieros sakuTari pasuxismgebloba
da Camouyalibdes kongruentuli, Sesatyvisi damokidebuleba momxdari
incidentis mimarT. amgvari aJiotaJi, zewola arTulebs mozardTa adaptaciis
isedac rTul process arasrulwlovanTa aRmzrdelobiT dawesebulebaSi. aq
moyvanil SemTxvevaSi mozard k.-s aReniSneboda Zilis problemebi, Ramis koSmarebi,
brazis Semotevebi, autoagresia _ suicidis ramdenime mcdeloba.
SemTxveva 2
arasrulwlovani gogona n.k. seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli gaxda. es
SemTxveva gaSuqda erT-erTi gazeTis furclebze, sadac moZaladis saxeli da
gvari anonimuri iyo, xolo gogonas Sesaxeb gazeTi srul informacias gvawvdida.
Sedegad momxdaris Sesaxeb gaiges mezoblebma, skolam da gogona Temis mxridan
zewolis msxverpli gaxda, masTan urTierToba Sewyvites megobrebma (ZiriTadad
mSoblebis moTxovniT), mezoblebma. gogonam jer uari Tqva skolaSi siarulze,
mere gareT gamosvla Sewyvita, Semdeg sakuTari oTaxidan ar gamodioda,
Camouyalibda depresiuli simptomatika, Zlieri braleulobis gancda, dabali
TviTSefaseba, uimedoba, uperspeqtivoba da a.S. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom es
gogona erovnebiT rusi iyo da es faqtoric (Cvens sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebuli
stigma) mis winaaRmdeg gamoiyenes. gogonasTan fsiqologiuri muSaobis Semdeg
misi mdgomareoba gaumjobesda, Tumca ojaxma mainc miiRo gadawyvetileba
daetovebinaT saqarTvelo da sacxovreblad sxva qveyanaSi gadasuliyvnen, rasac
am incidentamde ar apirebdnen.
orive SemTxveva naTlad gviCvenebs, rom amgvar situaciaSi irRveva ara marto
mozardis uflebebi, aramed ziandeba misi fsiqikuri janmrTelobac, rom mediis
amgvarma muSaobam SeiZleba negatiuri gavlena moaxdinos bavSvisa Tu mozardis
cxovrebaze. mediis mier bavSvebsa da mozardebTan dakavSirebuli movlenebis
asaxva gansazRvravs sazogadoebis pozicias maT mimarT, damokidebulebasa
da qcevas, gavlenas axdens saxelmwifo instituciebis mxridan mozardebTan
dakavSirebiT miRebul gadawyvetilebebze.
38
Sefaseba
SearCieT mediis informacia bavSvebis Sesaxeb da ganixileT bavSvis uflebaTa

konteqstSi.
`msoflios bavSvebi, axalgazrdebi da media: tendenciebisa da problemebis mimoxilva~, siuzen

gigli, ìunisefis~ masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis kompleqsis kvleviTi instituti, 2004
wlis aprili: http://www.intermedia.org/
bavSvebis, axalgazrdebisa da mediis Semswavleli centri:

http://www.childrenyouthandmediacentre.co.uk/
`bavSvTa uflebebi da media – wyaro JurnalistebisTvis~:

http://www.unicef.org/southafrica/SAF publications soulbuddiez.pdf
ìunisefi~ - vebgverdi Magic: http://www.unicef.org/magic/briefing/about.html
ìunisefi~ - axalgazrdebis xma: http://www.unicef.org/voy. am gverdebze axalgazrdebi TavianTi

sityvebiT gamoxataven azrebs mediis Sesaxeb sakuTar qveynebSi.
ìuneskos~ bavSvebis, axalgazrdebisa da mediis saerTaSoriso sainformacio samsaxuri:

http://www.nordicom.gu.se/clearinghouse.php. informaciis kargi wyaroa msoflios bavSvebTan,
axalgazrdebTan da mediasTan dakavSirebuli konkretuli proeqtebis da sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.
sainformacio samsaxuri miznad isaxavs, aamaRlos bavSvebis, axalgazrdebisa da mediis Sesaxeb
informirebulobisa da codnis done, safuZvels qmnis saTanado politikis formulirebisTvis,
xels uwyobs konstruqciul sazogadoebriv debatebs, aZlierebs bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis
gaTviTcnobierebas da kompetenturobas mediis sakiTxebSi.
bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli: media

http://www.crin.com/themes/ViewTheme.asp?id=12
mediaSi asaxuli Zaladobis gavlena axalgazrdobaze (Psychological Science, marti 2004)

http://www.psychologicalscience.org/pdf/pspi/pspi43.pdf
`saxelmwifo jandacvis midgoma mediis Zaladobrivi Sinaarsis zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb kvlevis

Sedegebis mimarT~: The Lancet, tomi 356, gamocema 9460 (2005 wlis Tebervali, gv. 702-710)
l. rouel hiusmani (2000) `kolumbiis olqis kvleva~, miCiganis universiteti: http://www.rcgd.isr.

umich.edu/aggr/Projects/CCLS/description.html
39
4. winaaRmdegobebi bavSvTa uflebebis ganxorcielebis gzaze
ZiriTadi Sesaswavli Temebi
 adamianis uflebaTa dacva

 bavSvTa uflebebis mxardaWera
 problemebi bavSvTa uflebebis realizebaSi
 bavSvTa uflebebTan dakavSirebul problemebze reagireba
adamianis uflebaTa dacva
arsebobs adamianis uflebaTa ganxorcielebis meqanizmebi saerTaSoriso,

regionul da saxelmwifo doneze. saxelmwifo doneze politikosebs da
kanonmdeblebs SeswevT Zala, rom TavianTi konstituciebis meSveobiT
uzrunvelyon bavSvTa uflebebis damkvidrebis xelSewyoba. zogadad,
konstitucia karnaxobs im wesebs, romlebic ùwesebs movaleobebs, uflebebs
da funqciebs sxvadasxva samTavrobo instituts~. adamianis uflebaTa
ganxorcielebis yvelaze efeqtiani xelSewyoba aRniSnul wesebs maSin
SeuZlia, rodesac isini konkretuli terminebiT gansazRvravs am uflebebs da
rodesac mTavrobaSi xdeba uflebamosilebis ganawileba.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis TiTqmis sayovelTao ratificireba asaxavs im

valdebulebas, rac globalurad arsebobs bavSvis uflebebis principebTan
dakavSirebiT. konvenciis ratificirebiT sxvadasxva qveynis mTavrobebi acxadeben
TavianTi ganzraxvis Sesaxeb, rom es valdebuleba praqtikulad ganaxorcielon.
wevri qveynebi valdebuli arian, Seasworon da Seqmnan kanonebi da politika,
raTa srulfasovnad ganaxorcielon konvencia; maT unda gaiTvaliswinon, rom
yvela qmedeba unda ganxorcieldes bavSvis interesebidan gamomdinare.
konvenciis me-4 muxli iTvaliswinebs, rom monawile saxelmwifoebi `Rebuloben

yvela aucilebel sakanonmdeblo, administraciul da sxvagvar zomas winamde-
bare konvenciiT aRiarebul uflebaTa gansaxorcieleblad~, xolo 42-e muxlis
Tanaxmad saxelmwifoebi ìReben valdebulebas, saTanado da qmediTi saSualebebis
gamoyenebiT farTo informacia miawodon rogorc mozrdilebs, aseve bavSvebs
konvenciis principebisa da debulebebis Taobaze~.
qveynis konstitucia yovelTvis ar uzrunvelyofs absolutur dacvas bavSvis

uflebaTa darRvevis winaaRmdeg. aseT SemTxvevaSi moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT
koleqtiurad mosTxovon mTavrobas, ganmartos Tavisi moqmedebebi da angariSi
Caabaros amasTan dakavSirebiT. samoqalaqo sazogadoeba maSin warmoiqmneba,
rodesac moqalaqeebi organizebulad sTxoven pasuxs xelisuflebas.
organizebuli samoqalaqo sazogadoeba gulisxmobs arasamTavrobo
40
organizaciebs, arakomerciul organizaciebs, saqvelmoqmedo da sazogadoebriv

dawesebulebebs.
qveynebis umravlesobaSi es organizaciebi wamyvan rols asruleben, rogorc

bavSvTa damoukidebeli damcvelebi an bavSvTa specifikuri jgufebis damcvelebi.
maTi roli aRiarebulia bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi da bavSvis uflebaTa
komitetis mier. konvenciis ratificirebis da propagandis Sedegi iyo is, rom
gaizarda bavSvis uflebaTa damcveli arasamTavrobo organizaciebis raodenoba
da gavlena; bevr evropul qveyanaSi Camoyalibda arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa
koaliciebi, romlebic bavSvTa uflebebze muSaoben.
gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia samoqalaqo sazogadoebas aRiqvams rogorc

mSvidobisa da uflebaTa dacvis aucilebel elements mTel msoflioSi. gaeros
yofilma generalurma mdivanma kofi ananma ganacxada:
èrT dros gaero mxolod sxvadasxva qveynebis xelisuflebebTan

TanamSromlobda. dRes Cven viciT, rom mSvidoba da keTildReoba ver miiRweva
mTavrobebTan, saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan, bizneswreebsa da samoqalaqo
sazogadoebasTan partnioruli urTierTobis gareSe. dRevandel msoflioSi
Cven erTmaneTze varT damokidebuli~.
bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis institutebis ganviTareba eqceva gaeros ufro

farTomasStabiani gegmis farglebSi, romelic saxelmwifo institutebis Seqmnas
iTvaliswinebs zogadad adamianis uflebaTa xelSewyobisa da dacvisaTvis. zog
qveyanaSi bavSvTa damoukidebeli dawesebulebebi funqcionireben, rogorc
adamianis uflebaTa saxelmwifo institutebis nawili. sxvagan calke institutebi
Seiqmna bavSvis uflebaTa xelSewyobisa da dacvisaTvis.
qveynebSi, sadac zogadad adamianis uflebaTa dacvis kulturis ganviTarebisken

miiswrafian, dasawyisisTvis gonivruli iqneboda bavSvis uflebebze
orientirebuli dawesebulebis Seqmna, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom bavSvebze da
maT ganviTarebaze zrunva umniSvnelovanesia aRniSnuli kulturis Sesaqmnelad.
bavSvTa sakiTxebze momuSave es damoukidebeli dawesebulebebi arasamTavrobo

dawesebulebebisagan imiT gamoirCevian, rom maTi uflebebi da movaleobebi
kanoniTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. arasamTavrobo organizaciebi gadamwyvet rols
asruleben adamianis uflebaTa xorcSesxmis xelSewyobis saqmeSi da Cveulebriv
sakmaod damoukidebeli arian. magram cal-calke Tu erToblivad maT SeiZleba ar
aRmoaCndeT sakmao Zala, rom realurad Secvalon xelisuflebis prioritetebi.
bavSvis uflebaTa dacva
rodesac qveyana axdens adamianis uflebaTa instrumentis ratificirebas,

rogoricaa bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, mas an pirdapir Seaqvs konvenciis
debulebebi Sidasaxelmwifoebriv kanonmdeblobaSi, an sxvagvarad kisrulobs
41
adamianis uflebaTa dacvis valdebulebis Sesrulebas. `xSirad is faqti, rom

arsebobs kanoni zogierTi uflebis dasacavad, sakmarisi ar aris, Tu es kanoni
ar iTvaliswinebs yvela iuridiul uflebamosilebas da instituts am uflebaTa
efeqtiani ganxorcielebisTvis...~ (saxelmZRvanelo adamianis uflebaTa
centridan).
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis dacvas monitorings uwevs gaeros bavSvis

uflebaTa komiteti, romelic erovnul angariSebs iRebs sxvadasxva qveynebis
mTavrobebisgan da paralelur angariSebs – arasamTavrobo organizaciebisgan.
aRniSnuli komiteti dabejiTebiT sTxovs mTavrobis yvela rgols, gamoiyenon

konvencia, rogorc saxelmZRvanelo kanonebis Seqmnisa da ganxorcielebis dros,
raTa uzrunvelyon:
 specialuri yovlismomcveli dRis wesrigis SemuSaveba bavSvebisaTvis;

 mudmivmoqmedi organoebis an meqanizmebis Seqmna, raTa xeli Seewyos
xelisuflebis yvela seqtoris aqtivobis koordinacias, monitoringsa da
Sefasebas;
 kanonmdeblobis sruli Sesabamisoba konvenciasTan;
 bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaTvaliswineba politikis
SemuSavebis procesebSi, mTavrobis doneze bavSvze zemoqmedebis
Sefasebebis SemoRebis gziT;
 biujetis adekvaturi analizis Catareba imis gansazRvrisaTvis, Tu
saxelmwifo saxsrebis ra nawili ixarjeba bavSvebisaTvis da am resursebis
efeqtiani gamoyeneba;
 sakmarisi monacemebis Segroveba da gamoyeneba maT iurisdiqciaSi yvela
bavSvis mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad;
 konvenciis Sesaxeb informirebulobis donis amaRleba da informaciis
gavrceleba saTanado treningebis Catarebis gziT maTTvis, vinc am saqmiTaa
dakavebuli, qmnis saxelmwifo politikas bavSvebisTvis, muSaobs maTTan an
maTTvis;
 samoqalaqo sazogadoebis CarTuloba – Tavad bavSvebis CaTvliT –
bavSvis uflebaTa ganxorcielebaSi da maT Sesaxeb informirebulobis
amaRlebaSi;
 damoukidebeli sajaro uwyebebis – ombudsmenebis, komisiebisa da sxva
institutebis _ Seqmna, romlebic xels Seuwyoben bavSvTa uflebebis
ganxorcielebas.
aRsaniSnavia, rom globaluri masStabiT bavSvis uflebaTa mimarT pativiscema

advili misaRwevi ar aris. marTalia, gaero, erovnuli konstituciebi da
samoqalaqo sazogadoeba garkveul rols TamaSoben bavSvis uflebaTa darRvevis
Tavidan acilebaSi, magram darRvevebi kvlav gvxvdeba.
42
garda amisa, qveynis ekonomikuri keTildReoba ar warmoadgens imis garantias,

rom bavSvis uflebebi kargad iqneba daculi. dasavleTis qveynebSi arsebuli
mravalferovani da ganviTarebuli momsaxureba yovelTvis ar warmoadgenda
imis sawindars, rom yvela bavSvs bednieri bavSvoba hqonoda. bevri siRatakeSi
an metismetad xalxmraval da Seuferebel garemoSi cxovrobs. bevris uflebebs
laxaven an ugulebelyofen da daxmarebis mowodeba metismetad nelia imisaTvis,
rom reagireba moaxdinos maT gaWirvebaze. bevri bavSvis ganviTarebis potenciali
Seferxebulia ganaTlebis miRebis mwiri SesaZleblobiT, TamaSisTvis gankuTvnili
da gamajansaRebeli obieqtebis naklebobiT.
problemebi bavSvTa uflebebis realizebaSi
TiToeul sazogadoebaSi aris tradiciebi da jgufebi, romlebic winaaRmdegobas

uweven bavSvis uflebaTa dacvas. zogjer sazogadoebaSi mimdinare farTo
cvlilebebi safrTxis winaSe ayenebs maT uflebebs. rogor xdeba, rom mTavroba
ver amarTlebs bavSvebis imeds an ver asrulebs bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias?
xSirad amis mizezi is aris, rom bavSvebs ar eniWebaT gansakuTrebuli prioriteti.
politikuri liderebi, politikosebi da xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi
ver axdenen imis demonstrirebas, rom esmiT bavSvTa mdgomareoba an
rom maTi uflebebis ganxorcielebis valdebulebas kisruloben. magaliTad,
bavSvebi xSirad ar arian gaTvaliswinebuli mTavrobis mier strategiis
SemuSavebaSi.
mniSvnelovan sferos warmoadgens bavSvebis pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse

monawileobis xelSewyoba. sxvadasxva qveynis mTavrobebi unda iTvaliswinebdnen
da seriozulad aRiqvamdnen bavSvebis Sexedulebebs politikis Sesaxeb. magram
yovelTvis ar arsebobs oficialuri arxebi bavSvebTan sakonsultaciod.
kanonmdebloba unda asaxavdes konvenciis moTxovnas imis Taobaze,
rom bavSvebs ufleba aqvT, gamoTqvan TavianTi Sexedulebebi nebismier sakiTxze,
romelic maT exeba da maT Sexedulebebs saTanado yuradReba unda daeTmos.
xSirad saxelmwifo departamentebs Soris arasakmarisi koordinaciaa bavSvebTan

dakavSirebul strategiasTan mimarTebiT. bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli strategia
efeqtianad unda ganxorcieldes adgilobriv doneze da kanonmdebloba
mTlianad unda gadaisinjos, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes misi ganuxreli
Sesabamisoba konvenciasTan da bavSvis uflebebis xelSewyoba.
zogjer warumateblobis mizezi is aris, rom bavSvis uflebaTa dacvisken

mimarTuli SezRuduli resursebi efeqtianad ar gamoiyeneba. aseT
SemTxvevaSi didi yuradRebiT unda ganxorcieldes bavSvebis momsaxurebis
biujetebis marTva, rogorc adgilobriv, aseve erovnul doneebze. garda amisa,
unda moxdes zemoqmedebis Sefaseba xelisuflebis doneze.
SesaZloa, problemebi iyos bavSvis uflebaTa Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebaSi.

TiToeul qveyanas unda hqondes bavSvis uflebaTa Sesaxeb informaciis,
rogorc bavSvebSi, aseve ufrosebSi, gavrcelebis mravalmxrivi gegma.
43
kvleva unda Catardes imis Sesafaseblad, Tu rogor ician gaeros bavSvis

uflebaTa konvencia imaT, vinc bavSvebTan da zogadad sazogadoebasTan
muSaobs.
Tumca bavSvis uflebaTa dacva mxolod mTavrobas ki ar unda exebodes,

aramed sazogadoebis yovel wevrsac. konvenciaSi formulirebuli normebi da
principebi mxolod maSin SeiZleba iqces realobad, rodesac maT yvela pativs
scems – ojaxebi, skolebi da sxva institutebi, romlebic bavSvis momsaxurebas
uzrunvelyofen sazogadoebaSi da administrirebis yvela doneze.
bavSvebi ganxiluli unda iqnen, rogorc adamianebi da ara, rogorc `momavali

adamianebi.~ isini Camoyalibebuli adamianebi arian, romlebsac TavianTi
uflebebi aqvT. droTa ganmavlobaSi isini Seicvlebian da ganviTardebian,
magram sazogadoebis mier bavSvobis Sefaseba Sesabamis uflebebs unda
efuZnebodes da is ar unda ganixilebodes, rogorc zrdasrulobisken
mimarTuli nabiji. am princips mniSvneloba aqvs specialuri programebisa da
samsaxurebisTvis; is yuradRebas amaxvilebs bavSvebTan muSaobaze principiT:
`dRes da aq~.
Tumca bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis mimarT politikis reagireba xSirad

ar iTvaliswinebs imas, Tu ramdenad saswrafodaa mosagvarebeli problemebi da
ramdenad xanmokle da didi zemoqmedebis mqonea bavSvoba. bavSvobis xana ar
aris gaCerebuli, sanam momdevno strategiis SemuSaveba xdeba. gaeros bavSvis
uflebaTa konvenciis damtkicebidan ori aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi bavSvebis,
sul mcire, ori Taoba gamovida bavSvobis xanidan.
reagireba bavSvTa uflebebTan dakavSirebul problemebze
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ratificirebis Semdeg saxelmwifoebs

moeTxovebaT, uzrunvelyon TavianTi kanonmdeblobis, politikisa da praqtikis
konvenciis principebTan da normebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvana. sadac saWiroa,
unda moxdes kanonis reformireba, magaliTad, bavSvebis Zaladobisgan dasacavad
ojaxSi da saswavlo dawesebulebebSi. bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti iZleva,
agreTve, rekomendacias, rom mTavrobam Seqmnas damoukidebeli meqanizmebi
imisaTvis, rom garantirebuli iyos konvenciis monitoringi da ganxilva bavSvis
uflebaTa komisrebisa Tu ombudsmenebis saSualebiT.
qveynebis mier konvenciis ganxorcielebis kvaldakval sul ufro izrdeba

damoukidebeli samsaxurebis ricxvi. aRniSnuli samsaxurebi ZiriTadad
mTavrobis an parlamentis mier iqmneba, magram maTi mTavari damaxasiaTebeli
Tvisebaa damoukidebloba da imis unari, rom Tavad izrunon bavSvTa dacvaze. am
institutebis daarsebiT mTavrobebi keTil nebas gamoxataven bavSvebis mimarT
da imis demonstrirebas axdenen, rom seriozulad ganixilaven konvenciiT
nakisr valdebulebebs da surT, angariSvaldebuli iyvnen damoukidebeli
samsaxurebis mimarT imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor eqcevian bavSvebs.
44
mTavrobebs moeTxovebaT, gaaanalizon bavSvebisTvis gamoyofili biujetebis

moculoba, raTa uzrunvelyofili iyos axalgazrda moaqalaqeebSi
ganxorcielebuli investiciis proporciuloba maT raodenobasa da
saWiroebebTan. xSirad mTavrobebi aerTianeben socialur xarjebs, riTac
niRbaven bavSvTa keTildReobisa da adamianis uflebaTa xelSewyobisaTvis
asignebuli resursebis SedarebiT simwires.
qveynebs moeTxovebaT konvenciis principebis da normebis gacnoba sazogadoebis

yvela wevrisTvis, maT Soris bavSvebisTvis. mTavrobebi valdebulni arian,
aamaRlon bavSvebis, rogorc uflebebis mqone adamianebis, socialuri
gaTviTcnobierebulobis done. maT unda uzrunvelyon, rom profesionalebi,
romlebic bavSvebTan muSaoben, maT Soris jandacvis da sasjelaRsrulebis
dawesebulebebSi, informirebulni iyvnen imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor gamoiyenon
konvencia yoveldRiur praqtikaSi.
konvenciis ratificirebam da propagandirebam gamoiwvia bavSvis uflebebze

momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebis raodenobisa da gavlenis swrafi zrda;
bevr evropul qveyanaSi Seiqmna arasamTavrobo organizaciebis koaliciebi,
romlebic bavSvTa uflebebze muSaoben. aseTia, magaliTad, bavSvis uflebaTa
sainformaciao qseli (CRIN). es koaliciebi wamyvan rols asruleben,
rogorc bavSvis uflebaTa damoukidebeli damcvelebi. adamianis uflebaTa
centris gancxadebiT, àdamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso standartebis
ganxorcielebis damatebiTi xelSewyoba modis dainteresebuli sazogadoebisa
da arasamTavrobo organizaciebisgan, romlebic sagangebo rols asruleben
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao kulturis ganviTarebaSi~. da kidev:
àrasamTavrobo organizaciebs Tavisi bunebiT axasiaTebs gamoxatvis
Tavisufleba, moqnili moqmedeba da moZraobis Tavisufleba, rac garkveul
viTarebaSi maT saSualebas aZlevs, gadaWran amocanebi, romlebic mTavrobebs
da samTavrobo organizaciebs ar SeuZliaT an ar surT rom gadaWran~.
masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis profesionalebsac ekisrebaT

pasuxismgebloba, rogorc samoqalaqo sazogadoebis nawils. Jurnalistebs
SeuZliaT gamoavlinon bavSvis uflebaTa darRvevis SemTxvevebi da aamaRlon
aRniSnuli uflebebis Sesaxeb gaTviTcnobierebis done, amasTan, isini
did gavlenas axdenen imaze, Tu rogor aRiqvams sazogadoeba bavSvebs.
Jurnalistebs gaazrebuli unda hqondeT, Tu ra Sedegi moaqvs maT muSaobas;
mediis profesionalebi ayalibeben sazogadoebriv azrs da gavlenas axdenen mis
qcevaze.
mediis es Zlieri pozicia imas niSnavs, rom mas sWirdeba Sida regulireba imis
uzrunvelsayofad, rom sworad warmoadgendes bavSvis uflebebs da pativs
scemdes maT.
45
Sefaseba
daasaxeleT, romeli jgufebi icaven bavSvebs Tqvens qveyanaSi. efuZnebian Tu

ara isini bavSvis uflebebs? gaTvaliswinebulia Tu ara maT muSaobaSi bavSvis
xma?
ÈNOC~-is SemuSavebuli treningis saxelmZRvanelo. bavSvis uflebaTa ombudsmenebis evropuli

qselis (ENOC) mier Sedgenili es saxelmZRvanelo gaTvaliswinebulia maTTvis, vinc apirebs,
Seqmnas kanoniT gansazRvruli damoukidebeli samsaxurebi bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis mizniT –
bavSvis uflebaTa ombudsmenebi da komisrebi:
http://www.ombudsnet.org/docs/informationdtrainingpack.pdf
`socialuri muSaoba da bavSvis uflebebi~: profesionaluri treningis saxelmZRvanelo gaeros
konvenciasTan dakavSirebiT, socialur muSakTa saerTaSoriso federacia, 2002.
`bavSvebis mdgomareoba msoflioSi~, 2010, ìunisefi~: http://www.unicef.org/rightsite/sowc/
àdamianis uflebaTa nacionaluri institutebi~, adamianis uflebaTa centri, profesiuli

treningis seriebi #4, adamianis uflebaTa centri, Jeneva, 1995, paragrafi 15.
http://www.unicef.org/magic/users/resources.html
http://www.unicef.org/georgia/rights_8343.html
46
5. mediis mier bavSvebis asaxva, bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli

pasuxismgebloba
 bavSvebis asaxva mediaSi;

 stereotipebis Seqmna mediis mier;
 bavSvis uflebaTa darRveva;
 bavSvTa dacva;
 kvleva bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas mediis eTikisa da JurnalistTa
profesiuli standartebis dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi.
aRiarebulia, rom mediis profesionalebs mniSvnelovani rolis Sesruleba

SeuZliaT bavSvis uflebaTa garSemo sazogadoebis mobilizebaSi. isini ZiriTadad
reportaJebs akeTeben sxvebis araswor saqcielsa da Secdomebze, magram amave
dros katalizatoris rols asruleben. maT, rogorc sazogadoebis interesebisa
da demokratiis sadarajoze mdgom adamianebs, mniSvnelovani roli ekisrebaT
bavSvebis warmoCenis, maTi uflebebis da perspeqtivebis gaujobesebis kuTxiTac.
bavSvebis warmodgena masobrivi informaciis saSualebebSi

marTalia, masobrivi informaciis saSualebebs mZlavri pozicia aqvT, magram
isini yovelTvis ar asruleben bavSvis uflebaTa mokavSiris rols. Cven ukve
ganvixileT, rom axalgazrdebs ar moswonT is, Tu rogor asaxaven maT mediaSi.
Catarebuli kvlevebic aCvenebs, rom garkveuli msgavsebaa imaSi, Tu rogor
asaxaven bavSvebs sxvadasxva mediaSi msoflio masStabiT.
2003 wlis noemberSi `mediauaizma~ (MediaWise) britanuli plakatebis sami

kompania da bulvaruli gazeTi `sandi” (Sunday) Seiswavla. miRebuli Sedegebi
mZime suraTs qmnis. 32 masalidan mxolod ori iyo pozitiuri. sam statiaSi
icavdnen mSoblebis uflebaTa dominirebas bavSvis uflebebze.
stereotipis Seqmnis tendencia gamovlenilia did britaneTSi Catarebul

ramdenime kvlevaSi. 2004 wels `MORI~-s mier JurnalisTvis ìang pipl nau~
(Young People Now) Catarebulma kvlevam aCvena, rom axalgazrdebs sul ufro
metad warmoaCenen rogorc `problemebs~. maT Sesaxeb didi britaneTis
saerTo-erovnul da adgilobriv gazeTebSi 2004 wlis erTi kviris
ganmavlobaSi gamoqveynebul statiebSi 71% negatiuri iyo, 14% pozitiuri
da mxolod 15% _ neitraluri. danaSaulis da Zaladobis Sesaxeb statiebis
48%-Si axalgazrdebi warmodgenili iyvnen, rogorc kanondamrRvevebi. 70%
biWebisa iyvnen borotmoqmedebi, xolo 32% _ msxverpli. gogonebSi 10% iyo
kanondamrRvevi, xolo 91% _ msxverpli. mediaSi gaSuqebis sawinaaRmdegod
oficialuri statistika aCvenebs, rom biWebi ufro metad xdebian Zaladobrivi
danaSaulis msxverpli, vidre gogonebi.
47
sxva kvlevebma aCvena, rom bavSvebis stereotipuli warmodgena saerTaSoriso

fenomenia. `glokal iuTis~ (Glocal Youth) mier Catarebulma kvlevam, romelic
medias adanaSaulebs uyuradRebobaSi axalgazrdebis samoqalaqo saqmianobis
mimarT, msgavsi tendenciebi aRmoaCina evropis wamyvan mediaSi: àxalgazrdebs
Cveulebriv ganixilaven rogorc problemebis, samarTaldarRvevebis, saSiSi
gareubnebis, narkotikebisa da boboqari Sekrebebis simbolos, gansakuTrebiT,
Tu saqme axalgazrda emigrantebs exeba. maTi aseTi imiji gvxvdeba gansakuTrebiT
iseT (rogorc beWdviT, aseve audio-vizualur) dokumentur filmebsa Tu
JurnalebSi, sadac urbanuli kulturaa asaxuli~.
2003 wels mediamonitoringis proeqtma Seiswavla bavSvebis asaxva da bavSvis

uflebebi samxreT afrikis sainformacio mediaSi. proeqts ramdenime safexuri
hqonda, maT Soris erToblivi seminarebi bavSvebis monawileobiT, samTviani
monitoringis periodi da specializebuli treningi Jurnalistebisa da masobrivi
informaciis saSualebaTa praqtikosebis monawileobiT. aRiniSna yvela
sakiTxi, romlebic bavSvebs exeboda da dafiqsirda saTanado informacia Temis,
wyaroebis, warmodgenis da sxva problemebis miTiTebiT, romlebic bavSvis
uflebebs ganixilavda. bavSvebi monawileobdnen paralelur proeqtSi, sadac
isini ori kviris manZilze axdendnen maT mierve SerCeuli sainformacio mediis
monitorings.
kvlevis Sedegad gakeTda Semdegi ZiriTadi daskvnebi:
1. bavSvebi sainformacio mediaSi naklebad arian warmodgenili.

rogorc ufrosebis mier Catarebuli monitoringis Sedegad gairkva, bavSvebi
sainformacio gamoSvebebis mxolod 6%-Si figurireben, xolo bavSvebis mier
Catarebuli monitoringis Tanaxmad, maT mier ganxiluli siuJetebis mxolod
26%-Si Seexnen bavSvebis Temas.
2. bavSvebi ZiriTadad warmodgenili arian msxverplis saxiT.

ufrosebis mier Catarebuli monitoringis Tanaxmad, siuJetebis 25%-Si
bavSvebi msxverplis saxiT arian gamoyvanili. mTlianobaSi bavSvebi ufro
xSirad uaryofiTad arian gamoyvanili da maTi rolebi SezRudulia. bavSvebis
monitoringma daadastura es tendenciebi. rogorc isini aRniSnavdnen, mediam
unda scados, ufro pozitiur rolebSi warmoadginos bavSvebi.
3. bavSvebi ZiriTadad negatiur siuJetebSi arian warmodgenili.

rogorc ufrosebis, aseve bavSvebis mier Catarebuli monitoringis Sedegad
gairkva, rom sainformacio siuJetebi, sadac bavSvebi figurireben, ZiriTadad
negatiuri Sinaarsisa iyo. ufrosebis mier Catarebuli monitoringis mixedviT,
yoveli meore statia, sadac bavSvi figurirebs, negatiuri Sinaarsisaa da
exeba danaSauls, Zaladobas, uflebebis Selaxvas an sxvadasxva ubedurebas.
4. biWebi da gogonebi Tanabrad arian warmodgenili, magram kvlav stereotipuli saxiT.

am aSkara Tanasworobis miuxedavad, Semdgomma analizma aCvena genderuli
stereotipebis damkvidreba bavSvebis warmodgenisas. gogonebi ufro
xSirad iyvnen gamoyvanili bavSvebze Zaladobis istoriebSi, xolo biWebi –
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sportTan dakavSirebul istoriebSi. es aZlierebs mediasaSualebebSi qalebis

_ msxverplis, xolo mamakacebis – Zlierebis saxiT warmodgenas.
1998 wels saqvelmoqmedo organizacia “gadavarCinoT bavSvebma“ Caatara

kvleva bavSvebis damokidebulebis Sesaxeb imis mimarT, Tu rogor arian isini
warmodgenili beWdviT da samauwyeblo mediaSi. aRmoCnda, rom bavSvebma zustad
ician, ra ar moswonT yvelaze metad mediaSi:
 bavSvebis mier seriozulad gakeTebuli komentarebis gamoyeneba
ufrosebis gasacineblad;
 mimzidveli bavSvebis gamoyeneba yuradRebis misapyrobad;
 mZime situaciaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebis fotoebis gamoyeneba da maTi
mdgomareobis aRwera emociis aRZvris mizniT, miT umetes, rom amiT
araferi keTdeba arc bavSvebis mier sakuTari Tavis pativiscemisTvis
da arc auditoriis mxridan maTi pativiscemisTvis;
 qedmaRluri laparaki bavSvebTan;
 bavSvebis magivrad didebis laparaki, maSin, rodesac bavSvebma gacilebiT
meti ician am sakiTxis Sesaxeb;
 bavSvebis iZuleba, cirkis cxovelebiviT moiqcnen;
 ufrosebi warmoaCenen bavSvebis ucodinrobas;
 is, rom ufrosebi Tavisi sityvebiT alaparakeben bavSvebs an axdenen
maTi naTqvamis interpretirebas;
 bavSvebis warmodgena pasiurebad, rodesac isini ar arian pasiurebi;
 yvela axalgazrdis moqceva erT problemur jgufSi _ saxelwodebiT
àxalgazrdoba~.
stereotipebi mediaSi
pirobiTad bavSvebs ganixilaven rogorc sazogadoebis qvejgufs, romelic

daculi unda iyos. bavSvebis mimarT arsebuli safrTxe Zlier emociur
gamoxmaurebas povebs, rac SeiZleba mkiTxvelebisa da auditoriis dasapyrobad
iqnes gamoyenebuli. bavSvebis Sesaxeb siuJetebi da maTi gamosaxuleba iseve
SeiZleba iqnes Sefasebuli Tavisi marketinguli potencialiT, rogorc
socialuri mniSvnelobiT. amis Sedegad bavSvebi xSirad gamoyvanili arian
mediaSi, rogorc msxverpli an rogorc ufrosebis sayvareli danamati.
amgvari Sexeduleba bavSvebze, SesaZloa, asaxavdes bavSvobis sayovelTao aRqmas

umankoobis xanad. bavSvebis momxibvleloba ufrosebSi aRZravs dacvis survils,
nostalgias da upiratesobis SegrZnebas. Tu isini tkivils an ubedurebas
ganicdian, ufrosebi Tavs valdebulad Tvlian, TanagrZnoba da zneobrivi
aRSfoTeba gamoxaton. Tumca amis Sedegad bavSvebi iZenen statuss, romelic
sadRac moqalaqeobis qvemoT imyofeba.
bavSvebis gamosaxva msxverplis an ufrosebis sayvareli danamatis saxiT

SezRudul da yalb warmodgenas qmnis maT Sesaxeb. mediis warmomadgenlebma
SeiZleba ganacxadon, rom aseTi winaswarganwyoba modis im faqtidan, rom
49
sainformacio gamoSvebebi yuradRebis centrSi aqceven uCveulos. magram amiT

xdeba ignorireba mediis aranakleb mniSvnelovani funqciisa _ warmoadgendes
sazogadoebis sarkes, raTa xalxma ukeTesad gaigos, Tu ra xdeba mis garSemo.
mediis muSakebma sxvebze ukeTesad ician, rom xSirad faqtebze ufro meti
zegavlenis moxdena maT aRqmas SeuZlia. axalgazrdebis aRqmis damaxinjebiT
media daTvur samsaxurs uwevs rogorc bavSvebs, aseve mTel sazogadoebas. amiT
SeiZleba maTi uflebebic dairRves.
bavSvTa uflebebis darRveva
ramdenime gza arsebobs, riTac bavSvis uflebebi SeiZleba dairRves maTi

araswori warmodgeniT da stereotipuli CvenebiT mediaSi. adamianis uflebaTa da
ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-8 muxli mouwodebs ojaxisa da
piradi cxovrebis uflebis pativiscemisken, xolo me-14 muxli – diskriminaciis
akrZalvisken.
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Tanaxmad, bavSvis uflebebi moicavs:

 me-12 muxli: bavSvis uflebas, Tavisuflad gamoTqvas Tavisi Sexedulebebi
nebismier sakiTxze, romelic mas exeba;
 me-13 muxli: bavSvis ufleba, Tavisuflad gamoTqvas Tavisi azri, SesaZloa,
erTgvarad SeizRudos, magram es SezRudva kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli
da aucilebeli unda iyos `saxelmwifo uSiSroebis an sazogadoebrivi
wesrigis ... an mosaxleobis janmrTelobis an zneobis dacvisaTvis~;
 me-16 muxli: `piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis, sacxovrebeli binis
xelSeuxeblobis an korespondenciis saidumloebis... Rirsebisa da
reputaciis~ dacvas Carevis an xelyofisagan;
 me-17 muxli: mediis mniSvnelobis aRiarebas da masalebis gavrcelebas
`bavSvis socialuri da kulturuli keTildReobisTvis~ da ìm saxis
informaciisa da masalebisagan bavSvis dacvis saTanado principebis
SemuSavebis waxalisebas, romelic sazianoa bavSvis keTildReobisaTvis.~
es muxlebi garkveviT ayalibebs bavSvis uflebebs, romlebic SeiZleba dairRves

mediis upasuxismgeblo moqmedebiT, kerZod, gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
me-17 muxlis Tanaxmad, media pasuxismgebelia bavSvis keTildReobis xelSewyobaze.
bavSvis uflebaTa darRveva gulisxmobs maTTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis

ugulisyurod gaSuqebas da damaxinjebas an maTi Sexedulebebis ugulebelyofas.
bavSvTa dacva
miuxedavad imisa, rom cota vinme Tu moiZebneba, vinc damoukidebel mediaSi
saxelmwifos Carevas miesalmeba, bavSvTa uflebebma moiTxova garkveul
sferoebSi Careva. magaliTad, gaerTianebuli samefos kanonmdebloba krZalavs
sasamarTlo saqmeebSi CarTuli axalgazrdebis identificirebas bavSvebisa da
axalgazrdebis 1933 wlis aqtis 39-e TavSi. es kanoni aRiarebs, rom axalgazrda
samarTaldamrRvevi imsaxurebs, rom gamosworebis Sansi mieces mediis
50
yuradRebisa da sajaro stigmatizaciis gareSe. Tumca zogierT SemTxvevaSi

amgvari dacvac ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi; mediam Secvala bavSvebis pirdapiri
identifikacia samarTaldamrRvevebisTvis iarliyebis stereotipuli mikvriT.
miuxedavad iseTi organizaciebis Zalisxmevisa, rogoricaa saerTaSoriso
federacia, romelmac sakuTari iniciativa wamoiwyo 1998 wels da miznad
isaxavda bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebis dros pasuxismgeblobis
waxalisebas, bavSvebis am tipis stereotipebiT gaSuqebis tendencia yvela
kontinentze TvalsaCinoa.
aRsaniSnavia, rom bavSvebisadmi miZRvnili sakiTxebis gaSuqeba iSviaTad

figurirebs Jurnalistur treningebSi, radgan mTlianobaSi Jurnalistebi
ufrosebisadmi miZRvnili da maTive samyaroSi arsebuli iseTi TemebiT
arian dakavebuli, romlebic zrdasruli adamianebis auditoriisaTvis aris
gankuTvnili. iSviaTad SegxvdebaT siuJeti imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra gavlena SeiZleba
moaxdinos axalma socialurma an fiskalurma politikam bavSvebze, Tu is ar exeba,
magaliTad, bavSvebisTvis dawesebul SeRavaTebs an maT ganaTlebas. iSviaTia,
agreTve, gazeTi, romelic cdilobs, gamoaqveynos axalgazrdebis komentarebi
mimdinare problemebis Sesaxeb.
Sesabamisad, bavSvebi seriozulad ar ganixilebian mediis profesionalebis mier,
radgan maTi ZiriTadi samiznea zrdasruli adamianebis bazari. sirTule isaa,
rom bavSvebi arian mediis im ZiriTadi produqtebis momxmareblebi, romlebic
konkretulad maTTvis ar aris Seqmnili. axali ambebi miCneulia iseT ramed, rac,
uwinares yovlisa, zrdasruli adamianebisTvis da maT Sesaxebaa.
damatebiTi safrTxea is, rom zrdasruli adamianebisTvis gankuTvnil bazarze

bavSvebs xeli miuwvdebaT potenciurad mavne masalaze, maT Soris Zaladobis,
seqsis da bavSvebis `seqsualuri~ saxeebis amsaxvel masalaze. komunikaciebis
axali formebis ganviTareba, rogoricaa interneti, garkveul SeSfoTebas iwvevs,
radgan Zalian umniSvneloa an saerTod ar arsebobs kontroli internetSi
ganTavsebul informaciaze.
sanam grZeldeba kamaTi imis Taobaze, Tu ra pirdapir gavlenas axdens amgvari
masala bavSvebis qcevaze, mediis mwarmoeblebis umniSvnelovanesi amocana unda
iyos imis uzrunvelyofa, rom garkveuli tipis masalis (iseTi vizualuri
informaciis CaTvliT, romelic dasaSvebad miiCnevs an popularizacias uwevs
Zaladobas an Seusabamo seqsualur aqtivobas) advilad xelmisawvdomobam mavne
zegavlena ar moaxdinos bavSvebze an safrTxe ar Seuqmnas maT.
yuradReba unda mieqces, agreTve, bavSvebSi mediis Sesaxeb codnis gavrcelebas.
aseve mniSvnelovania, rom bavSvebi afasebdnen mediis rols samoqalaqo
sazogadoebaSi da SeeZloT, kritikulad Sexedon amas, raTa Jurnalistebi
iTvaliswinebdnen bavSvebis saWiroebebs, problemebs da uflebebs.
iunisefis azriT, is faqti, rom ver moxerxda Tanamedrove mediis kritikis

swavleba, ùdidesi xelidan gaSvebuli SesaZleblobaa ganaTlebaSi~. britaneli
parlamentari tesa joueli ambobs, rom mediis swavleba, mediis efeqtian
regulirebasTan erTad, saukeTeso gzaa imisaTvis, rom bavSvebs gauadvilo
urTierToba mediaSi warmodgenil samyarosTan.
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media axali TaobisTvis

miuxedavad imisa, rom bolo wlebSi media gafarTovda, axali aTaswleulis
dasawyisSi iunisefis aRmasrulebeli direqtoris mier internetSi Catarebulma
`CeTma~ 17 qveynis mediis 70-mde axalgazrda aqtivistTan, gamoavlina erTsulovani
gzavnili _ media ar upasuxebs axalgazrdebis problemebs.
mediam xelaxla unda gaiazros bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis Tematikis

gaSuqeba _ ise, rom stereotipuloba da, aqedan gamomdinare, Sedegebi
gamoiricxos _ da xeli Seuwyos mediis Sesaxeb codnis gafarToebas. izrdeba
axali Taoba, romelic daTrgunulia mZime axali ambebiT da maTi damaxinjebiT;
raki axali teqnologiebi TiTis erTi dakvriT aris maTTvis xelmisawvdomi,
isini sakuTar medias qmnian onlain reJimSi da gverds uvlian misi warmoebis
tradiciul meTodebs.
ukve vnaxeT, rogor Seiqmna onlain sazogadoebebi da samauwyeblo arxebi Bebo,

Youtube da MySpace. 2007 wels aSS-is yofilma vice-prezidentma al gorma axali
sakabelo televizia gaxsna axalgazrdebisTvis Current TV, romlis Sinaarsi
mTlianad axalgazrda mayureblebis mier iqmneba. b-n goris TqmiT, axalgazrda
mayurebels saSualeba eZleva, `Caebas dialogSi demokratiis Sesaxeb~ da Seqmnas
sakuTari satelevizio programebi. misive TqmiT, am koncefciis safuZvelze
`SeiZleba moxdes Tavad satelevizio mediis gardaqmna~, radgan mayurebels
eZleva SesaZlebloba, xma miawvdinos mas.
masmediiT ukmayofilo axalgazrdebi gverds uvlian tradiciul medias da

sakuTar dRis wesrigs aweseben. aman SeiZleba mniSvnelovani zegavlena iqonios
masmediis da tradiciuli (komerciuli) popkulturis momavalze.
profesiuli pasuxismgebloba
Jurnalistebis winaaRmdegobas iwvevs, rodesac vinme karnaxobs, Tu rogor

unda imuSaon. maT aRaSfoTebs zewola da skeptikurad ganawyobs Zlevamosili
elitis zraxvebi. bevrma Jurnalistma sicocxle da Tavisufleba Seswira iseTi
danaSaulebis gamomJRavnebas, romlebic SeiZleboda miCqmaluliyo presis
Tavisuflebis SezRudvis SemTxvevaSi.
mediis profesionalebs TavianT movaleobad miaCniaT, pasuxi mosTxovon

imaT, vinc samoqalaqo sazogadoebaze axdens zewolas. isini ufrTxildebian
sakuTar damoukideblobas. maTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani roli samoqalaqo
sazogadoebaSi imaSi gamoixateba, rom samoqalaqo interesebis sadarajoze
idgnen da popularizacia gauwion debatebs, codnis, informirebulobis
amaRlebas da saxelmwifos mier iseTi problemebis aRiarebas, romlebsac
gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvT demokratiis damkvidrebis da adamianis
uflebebis pativiscemisTvis. Jurnalistebis mier am rolis Sesrulebis
unari maSin qveiTdeba, rodesac isini angarebaze dafuZnebuli interesebis
gamtareblebi xdebian.
52
Sida regulireba
Jurnalistebi xels aweren qcevis kodeqss, romelic maTi profesiuli kavSiris,
profesiuli asociaciis an damqiraveblis mier aris gamocemuli. Tumca
praqtikulad Jurnalistebis umravlesobas bundovani warmodgena aqvs am
kodeqsis detalebze da eyrdnoba Jurnalistikis principebis zogad gagebas.
magram bavSvebs zusti protokolebi sWirdebaT, rodesac saqme maTi uflebebis
dacvas exeba.
Jurnalisturi saqmianoba, romelic bavSvis sicocxles da keTildReobas

exeba, yovelTvis unda iTvaliswinebdes bavSvis perspeqtivas. Jurnalistebi
da mediaorganizaciebi eTikuri qcevis umaRlesi standartebis dacvas unda
eswrafodnen, rodesac bavSvebTan dakavSirebul Temebs aSuqeben.
gaerTianebul samefoSi komunikaciebis ofisis da `bi-bi-sis~ saxelmZRvanelo

principebi udides mniSvnelobas aniWebs bavSvis uflebaTa dacvas, iseve, rogorc
amas akeTebs britaneTis sagazeTo industriis saproceso kodeqsi, romelsac
presasTan dakavSirebuli pretenziebis ganmxilveli komisia akontrolebs. isini
acnobiereben, rom mediis profesionalebis movaleobaa, zrunavdnen, rom mediaSi
damkvidrebulma praqtikam ar Selaxos bavSvis uflebebi.
JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis saxelmZRvanelo principebi.

JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciam bavSvis uflebebi Seitana profesiuli
eTikis kodeqsSi da axorcielebs programebs gaTviTcnobierebulobis
donis asamaRleblad. is xels uwyobs saukeTeso saerTaSoriso praqtikis
urTierTgacvlas sxvadasxva kavSirs Soris, upirispirdeba Jurnalistebsa da
mediaze komerciul zewolas `sensaciuri axali ambebis~ moTxovniT da saSualebas
aZlevs bavSvebs, rom maTi problemebi danaxuli da gagonili iyos.
JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis saxelmZRvanelo principebi, `bavSvis

uflebebi da media: bavSvis probelemebisadmi miZRvnili sakiTxebis ganxilvis
saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi da principebi~, 70 qveynis Jurnalisturma
organizaciebma daamtkices Jurnalizmisa da bavSvis uflebebisadmi miZRvnil
pirvel saerTaSoriso sakonsultacio konferenciaze, romelic braziliis qalaq
resifeSi Catarda 1998 wlis 2 maiss. es saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi bavSvebs
daexmareba imis danaxvaSi, rom Jurnalistebi maT problemebsa da Sexedulebebs
seriozulad uyureben. am dokumentSi naTqvamia:
`yvela Jurnalisti da mediis profesionali muSaki valdebulia,

SeinarCunos umaRlesi eTikuri da profesiuli standartebi da dargis
farglebSi popularizacia gauwios bavSvis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso
konvenciisa da damoukidebeli JurnalistikisTvis misi mniSvnelobis
Sesaxeb informaciis farTod gavrcelebas.~
JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebis Tanaxmad:

mediaorganizaciebi bavSvis uflebaTa darRvevas, bavSvis usafrTxoebis,
53
piradi cxovrebis, ganaTlebis da socialuri uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebs

da eqspluataciis yvela formas gamoZiebisa da sajaro msjelobis sagnad
unda miiCnevdnen.
bavSvebs piradi cxovrebis absoluturi ufleba aqvT, im gamonaklisebis garda,

romlebic garkveviT aris miTiTebuli saxelmZRvanelo principebSi.
Jurnalisturi saqmianoba, romelic bavSvebis cxovrebasa da keTildReobas

exeba, yovelTvis unda warimarTos maTi daucvelobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
Jurnalistebma da masobrivi informaciis saSualebebma yvelaferi unda gaakeTon

imisaTvis, rom ar gadauxvion umaRles eTikur standartebsa da normebs bavSvTa
problemebis gaSuqebisas. kerZod:
1. bavSvebis sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas maT Zalisxmeva ar unda daiSuron

sizustisa da koreqtulobis dasacavad;
2. unda moeridon iseTi fotoebisa da informaciis gamoqveynebas
bavSvebisaTvis gankuTvnil mediasivrceSi, romelic saziano iqneba maTTvis;
3. moeridon publikaciebisaTvis popularobis mopovebis mizniT bavSvebTan
dakavSirebuli problemebis sensaciur da stereotipul gaSuqebas;
4. bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri masalis gamoqveynebisas
saguldagulod awon-dawonon SesaZlo Sedegebi da minimumamde daiyvanon
zianis faqtori;
5. Tu amas sazogadoebrivi interesi ar moiTxovs, daicvan bavSvis vinaoba da
ar gamoaqveynon misi fotoebi;
6. rodesac es SesaZlebelia, miscen bavSvebs masmediis saSualebiT TavianTi
azrebis gamoxatvis SesaZlebloba yovelgvari zewolis gareSe;
7. uzrunvelyon bavSvis mier mowodebuli informaciis damoukidebeli
Semowmeba da gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcion imas, rom am informaciis
Semowmebisas informator bavSvs safrTxe ar Seeqmnas;
8. moeridon bavSvebis seqsualur formaSi gadaRebuli fotoebis
gamoqveynebas;
9. gamoiyenon bavSvebis fotoebis mopovebis samarTliani, Ria da pirdapiri
meTodebi da, rodesac es SesaZlebelia, moipovon isini bavSvebis, maTze
pasuxismgebeli piris an meurvis TanxmobiT;
10. Seamowmon im organizaciebis uflebamosileba, romlebic bavSvebis saxeliT
laparakoben an warmoadgenen bavSvTa interesebs;
11. bavSvis cxovrebis pirobebis amsaxveli siuJetisaTvis mopovebuli masalis
safasuri ar gadauxadon arc bavSvs da arc bavSvis mSoblebsa Tu meurveebs,
Tu es namdvilad bavSvis interesebSi ar Sedis.
54
Jurnalistebma kritikulad unda Seiswavlon warmodgenili reportaJebi da

mTavrobebis mier gamoTqmuli pretenziebi gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT.
mediam ar unda ganixilos da gaaSuqos bavSvebis problemebi, mxolod rogorc

momxdari faqtebi, aramed `gamudmebiT unda werdes im procesebis Sesaxeb,
romlebsac mivyavarT an migviyvanen msgavs faqtebTan~.
saxelmZRvanelo JurnalistebisTvis
`media uaizma~ da ìunisefma~ gamosces saxelmZRvanelo JurnalistebisTvis,
saxelwodebiT `media da bavSvis uflebebi~, romlebic bavSvebs warmoadgenen
mediaSi, (2005). es saxelmZRvanelo mediis muSakebis da sxvebis dasaxmareblad
daiwera. igi miznad isaxavs, isini, vinc am sferoSi saqmianobs, daafiqros
imaze, Tu ra gavlenas moaxdens gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia
bavSvebis warmoCenaze mediaSi da mediis mier. moqmedi Jurnalistebis
praqtikul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT saxelmZRvanelo eswrafvis, biZgi
misces pasuxismgeblobis amaRlebas bavSvebis sakiTxebis, agreTve bavSvebis
cxovrebaze ufrosebis qcevisa da gadawyvetilebebis gavlenis gaSuqebisas. es
saxelmZRvanelo mouwodebs mediis muSakebs, saukeTeso gza moZebnon bavSvis
uflebaTa dasacavad da daexmaron maT masobriv mediaSi garkveuli rolis
SesrulebaSi.
bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis sakiTxebis gaSuqebas Tavisi problemebi aqvs. bavSvis

uflebaTa sainformacio qselma Seqmna `bavSvebisgan intervius aRebis eTikuri
saxelmZRvanelo principebi~, xolo ìunisefma~ SemuSava sakuTari, `bavSvebTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis eTikurad gaSuqebis principebi~.
saqme is aris, rom media ara mxolod samarTlianad, patiosnad da zustad unda
aSuqebdes bavSvobis problemebs, aramed adgils tovebdes Tavad bavSvebis
gansxvavebuli, kolorituli da SemoqmedebiTi azrebis gamosaxatavad. axali
ambebi iqneba es, mimdinare movlenebi Tu SemoqmedebiTi da saSemsruleblo
xelovnebis rTuli samyaro, mediis yvela muSaki da organizacia pasuxismgebelni
arian, cnon bavSvis uflebebi da asaxon isini TavianT SemoqmedebaSi.
es ki iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxs ukavSirdeba, rogoricaa mediis muSakebis

treningi. amJamad yuradReba gadatanilia treningis monawileebisTvis iseTi
unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebaze, rom maT SeZlon mudmivad cvalebad samuSao
garemosTan Segueba, rodesac mTavaria moqniloba.
treningebis dros bavSvebisTvis fotoebis gadaRebas da maT videokameriT

gadaRebas imdenive yuradReba unda daeTmos, ramdenic teqnikur kvalifikacias,
radgan vizualuri gamosaxulebis mopovebisTvis gamoyenebuli meTodebi,
gamosaxulebis konstruirebis gzebi da demonstrirebis formebi SeiZleba
gansakuTrebiT problemuri aRmoCndes.
55
imisaTvis, rom mediis muSakebi ufro aqtiurad Caeban bavSvis uflebaTa dacvaSi,
saWiroa SemuSavdes saxelmZRvanelo treningis, sainformacio masalebis da mediis
dargebs Soris saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, raTa uzrunvelyofil
iqnes bavSvobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqeba da bavSvis uflebebis
mimarT yuradReba da zrunva.
bavSvis problemebis da uflebebis ukeT gageba maT mier, vinc umaRles eSelonebSia,
iseve mniSvnelovania, rogorc imis uzrunvelyofa, rom Jurnalistebma da
programebis Semqmnelebma ndobaze dafuZnebuli urTierToba daamyaron sxva
profesionalebTan, romlebic bavSvebTan muSaoben (maswavleblebi, socialuri
muSakebi da sxv.).
bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas mediis eTikisa da JurnalistTa

profesiuli standartebis dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi
2008 wels gaeros bavSvTa fondis egidiT Catarda kvleva saxelwodebiT `bavSvTa
sakiTxebis gaSuqeba da media eTika saqarTveloSi – situaciuri analizi~. es
kvleva mimoixilavs saqarTveloSi arsebuli media eTikis kodeqsebsa da mediis
TviT-regulirebis meqanizmebs bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT
da asaxavs qarTuli mediis samTviani monitoringis Sedegebs imis Taobaze,
Tu ramdenad icavs media bavSvTa uflebebs bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas.
kvlevis Tanaxmad, qarTul mediaSi ar arsebobs erTiani profesiuli standartebi

bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebasTan dakavSirebiT, romlebsac Jurnalistebi da
menejerebi erTnairad scemdnen pativs. mxolod ramdenime mediasaSualebas
aqvs Tavisi kodeqsi, romlis aRiareba da dacva ver qmnis saTanado aminds.
qarTul mediaSi Warbobs stereotipuli midgoma bavSvebis mimarT, rac sakmaod
rTuli Sedegebis momtania. bavSvTa sakiTxebs Jurnalistebi ganzogadebuli
formulebiT aSuqeben.
qarTul mediaSi xSiria imgvari statiebi, sadac ar aris mkafiod gamijnuli

faqti da komentari, figurirebs dauzustebeli da gadaumowmebeli
informacia. bavSvebze saubrisas Jurnalistebi ar eridebian ganzogadebas,
rac TavisTavad xels uwyobs stereotipebs. garda amisa, naklebad xdeba
problemis detaluri gaanalizeba da informaciis gaSuqeba ramdenime wyaros
safuZvelze.
xSiria faqtebi, rodesac xdeba kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi an Zaladobis

msxverpli bavSvebis Sesaxeb informaciis sensaciuri kuTxiT gaSuqeba da am
bavSvebis identificireba. quCis bavSveis mimarT ki xSirad ismis diskriminaciuli
da stereotipuli gamoTqmebi.
kvlevis Sedegad SemuSavda konkretuli rekomendaciebi, romelTa Sorisac

didi adgili uWiravs JurnalistebisTvis bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqebis saswavlo
kursis SemoRebasa da treningebis organizebas.
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Sefaseba
bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qselis eTikuri saxelmZRvanelo principebis
ganxilva da ZiriTadi momentebis identificireba sakuTar praqtikaSi
gamoyenebisTvis. ra informacias awvdis saxelmZRvanelo dRevandel praqtikas?

`ciliswameba, sentimentaloba Tu siCume? ras eguebian axalgazrdebi mediaSi~.
maik jemfsoni, “MediaWise Trust”, 2003
`bavSvebi da media: globaluri problema~
maik jemfsoni, “MediaWise Trust”, 2003
ùTanasworoba da axalgazrdebis warmoCena stereotipulad~
doqtori moris devlini, NUI Maynooth, 2006
http://www.unicef.org/magic/users/resources.html
`bavSvis uflebebi da media: bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo
miTiTebebi da principebi~, JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia, 1998:
http://www.ifj.org/default.asp?index=192&Language=EN
`bavSvebisgan intervius aRebis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebis kompilacia~, bavSvis uflebaTa
sainformacio qseli (CRIN) 2005:
http://www.crin.org/resources/infoDetail.asp?ID=5572
`glokal iuT~: www.glocalyouth.net
`gadavarCinoT bavSvebi~: http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/scuk/jsp/newhome.jsp?flash=true
`karent tivi~ (Current TV): http://uk.current.com/
mediis monitoringis proeqti: http://www.mediamonitoring.org.za
ìunisefi~: `bavSvebis Sesaxeb sakiTxebis gaSuqebis eTikuri principebi~:

http://www.unicef.org/media tools guidlines.html
`bavSvebisgan intervius aReba: saxelmZRvanelo Jurnalistebisa da sxvebisTvis~
“Save the Children”, 1998
`media da bavSvis uflebebi~, `mediauaiz~, 2005:
http://www.mediawise.org.uk/files/uploaded/The%20Media%20and%20Children%20Rights%202005.pdf
`bavSvisgan intervius aRebis eTikuri saxelmZRvanelo principebi~, bavSvis uflebaTa
sainformacio qseli:
http://www.crin.com/resources/infoDetail.asp?ID=5572&flag=report
kvleva `bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqeba da media eTika saqarTveloSi – situaciuri analizi~ -
http://www.unicef.org/georgia/resources_6521.html
57
6. informaciis gavrcelebis saukeTeso praqtika bavSvebis

Sexedulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT

 `msoflio bavSvebisaTvis~
 erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebi bavSvebisaTvis
 bavSvebis monawileoba
 saukeTeso praqtikis principebi
 bavSvTa Tvalsazrisis gageba: magaliTebi
gaeros mier 2002 wlis maisSi Catarebul bavSvebTan dakavSirebul sagangebo

sesias udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda bavSvebisa da, zogadad, adamianebis
ganviTarebisTvis. es iyo generaluri asambleis pirveli sagangebo sesia,
romelic mieZRvna bavSvebs da romelzec isini mowveulni iqnen oficialur
delegatebad. sesiaze Tavi moiyares 69 qveynis liderebma; 190-ma erovnulma
delegatma; arasamTavrobo organizaciebis 1 700-ze metma warmomadgenelma;
mSvidobis dargSi nobelis premiis xuTma laureatma; sxvadasxva biznesis,
religiis, xelovnebis mimdinareobis, samecniero da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
uamravma warmomadgenelma da, pirvelad gaeros arsebobis istoriaSi, 600-ze
metma bavSvma, rogorc delegatma da aqtiurma monawilem.
`msoflio bavSvebisaTvis~
2002 wels gamarTul sagangebo sesiaze, istoriaSi pirvelad, axalgazrdebma

uSualod mimarTes generalur asambleas da SesTavazes TavianTi mosazrebebi da
SemoqmedebiTi gadawyvetilebebi. bavSvebis monawileobam gamoacocxla Sexvedra
da gaaCina meti mizanmimarTulebisa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnoba. msoflios
qveynebis liderebma gaaTviTcnobieres, rom, imisaTvis, rom Secvalon msoflio
bavSvebisaTvis, maT msoflios Secvla bavSvebTan erTad mouwevT.
am axalgazrdebis enTuziazmiT da xedviT STagonebulma generalurma asambleam

miaRwia SeTanxmebas dokumentTan `msoflio bavSvebisaTvis~ dakavSirebiT – es
aris detaluri gegma, romelic exeba jansaRi cxovrebis, ZiriTadi ganaTlebis
uzrunvelyofas, aiv/Sids-is damarcxebas da bavSvebis dacvas Seuracxyofis,
eqspluataciisa da Zaladobisagan.
ìunisefis~ yofili aRmasrulebeli direqtoris, kerol belamis, TqmiT,

`gaeros arc erT sxdomaze ar yofila mowveuli amdeni bavSvi da axalgazrda
oficialuri delegatis saxiT... swored maTi monawileoba aqcevs sagangebod
sagangebo sesias~.
`msoflio bavSvebisaTvis~ adgens miznebs, romelTa Sesrulebis safuZvelze

gaizomeba progresi 2015 wlisTvis gaeros aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebis
miRwevaSi. igi aseve adgens miznebs konkretulad bavSvebisTvis:
58
`bavSvebs, maT Soris mozardebs, unda hqondeT TavianTi uflebebis

gamoyenebis saSualeba imisaTvis, rom Tavisuflad gamoxaton TavianTi azrebi,
Camoayalibon sakuTari Tavis pativiscemis grZnoba, SeiZinon codna da
unarebi, romlebic dakavSirebuli iqneba konfliqtebis gadaWrasTan,
gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da urTierTobasTan, rac maT cxovrebaSi gamoadgebaT.
aucilebelia bavSvebis, maT Soris mozardebis, azrebis Tavisuflad
gamoxatvis uflebis pativiscema da xelSewyoba, aseve aucilebelia maTi
Sexedulebebis gaTvaliswineba bavSvebTan dakavSirebul yvela sakiTxSi _
maT azrebs unda mieniWos Sesabamisi mniSvneloba maTi asakis da simwifis
mixedviT. aucilebelia bavSvebis energiulobis da SemoqmedebiTobis
xelSewyoba ise, rom maT SeZlon aqtiuri monawileobis miReba maTi garemocvis,
Temebisa da im msoflios cxovrebaSi, romelic maT memkvidreobiT unda miiRon.~
es sityvebi da bavSvebis aqtiuri monawileoba generalur asambleaSi asaxavs bavSvis

uflebaTa konvenciis me-12 muxlSi mocemul ideebs – bavSvis Sexedulebis da
azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvis uflebas. yovel bavSvs, romelsac aqvs sakuTari
azris formulirebis unari, aqvs am azrebis Tavisuflad gamoxatvis ufleba
yvela im sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, romelic uSualod moqmedebs mis cxovrebaze.
bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebi
gaeros bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sagangebo sesiis erT-erT sxdomaze ganixiles

saxelmwifo strategiaSi bavSvebis CarTvis sakiTxi. prioritetuli reagirebisaTvis
daadgines bavSvebis winaSe arsebuli oTxi ZiriTadi sakiTxi: janmrTeloba,
ganaTleba, dacva Zaladobisgan, Seuracxyofisa da eqspluataciisgan da aiv/Sids-i.
globaluri samoqmedo gegmis ganxorcielebis mizniT msoflios mTavrobebi

SeTanxmdnen, moemzadebinaT bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli samoqmedo
gegmebi 2003 wlis bolosTvis. es samoqmedo gegmebi ganmartavs, rogor imuSavebs
TiToeuli mTavroba globaluri samoqmedo gegmis miznebis da amocanebis
SesrulebisTvis sakuTar qveynebSi.
sagangebo sesiam yvelas daanaxva, Tu ra wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT bavSvebsa

da mozardebs maTze moqmedi sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi da ra didi mniSvneloba
aqvs gadawyvetilebis mimRebebisTvis bavSvebTan konsultirebas da maT mosmenas.
mTeli msoflios bavSvebSi didi gamococxleba SeimCneoda sesiis Semdgom
procesebSi maTi CarTvis gamo. bavSvebma da mozardebma mkafiod gamoxates,
rom maT surdaT, mizanmimarTulad yofiliyvnen CarTuli qveynis erovnuli
samoqmedo gegmebis CamoyalibebaSi, ganxorcielebasa da monitoringSi.
organizaciam `gadavarCinoT bavSvebi~ 14 qveynis 4 500 bavSvs hkiTxa, Tu ratom

undaT am procesSi monawileoba. qvemoT CamoTvlilia maT mier dasaxelebuli
mTavari mizezebi:
 isini Tavad warmoadgenen aRniSnuli gegmebis uSualo mizans da yvelaze

mniSvnelovan dainteresebul pirebs;
59
 maT yvelaze kargad ician bavSvebis mdgomareoba da, aqedan gamomdinare,

SeuZliaT daexmaron mTavrobebs bavSvebis problemebis ukeT gagebaSi;
 yvela bavSvi ar aris erTnairi, mTavrobebma unda icodnen bavSvebis sxvadasxva
jgufebis azrebi;
 maT aqvT ufleba, Tavisuflad gamoTqvan TavianTi Sexedulebebi nebismier
sakiTxze, romelic maT exeba (gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-12 muxli);
 bavSvebs da mozardebs SeuZliaT (da aqvT amis survili) garkveuli rolis
Sesruleba gegmis ganxorcielebaSi;
 maTi monawileobis Sedegad samoqmedo gegma ufro efeqtiani da qmedunariani
gaxdeba;
 gegma xels uwyobs demokratiis mSeneblobas da warmoSobs bavSvebSi
pasuxismgeblobas sakuTari sicocxlis, Temebis da sazogadoebis mimarT;
 maT didi wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT procesSi.
globalur samoqmedo gegmasTan dakavSirebiT mTavrobebi SeTanxmdnen

Semdegze: `Cven pativi unda vceT [bavSvebis da mozardebis] uflebas,
Tavisuflad gamoxaton TavianTi Sexedulebebi da azri da monawileoba
miiRon maTTan dakavSirebul yvela sakiTxSi maTi asakis da simwifis
mixedviT. vinaidan erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebi iqmneba bavSvebis cxovrebis
gaumjobesebis da maTi uflebebis ganxorcielebis realobad qcevis
mizniT, amitom didi mniSvneloba eniWeba Tavad bavSvebis da mozardebis
monawileobas am gegmebis SemuSavebaSi. bavSvebi mTavari dainteresebuli
pirebi arian da aucilebelia maTi mosmena imisaTvis, rom daisaxos swori
miznebi da maTi miRwevis saukeTeso gzebi~.
bavSvebis monawileoba
gaeros generaluri asambleis 2002 wels gamarTulma sesiam da saxelmwifo doneze

erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebis Camoyalibebis procesma daanaxva sazogadoebas, Tu
ra enTuziazmiT Sexvdnen bavSvebi monawileobas maTTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis
gadawyvetaSi. maTi monawileobis Sedegad bavSvebSi izrdeba Tanamonawileobisa
da bavSvebis cxovrebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze momuSave organizaciebis
mxridan dafasebis grZnoba.
monawileoba ar aris martivi; mas sWirdeba liderebi erovnul, adgilobriv

da saorganizacio doneebze. kerZod, saWiroa Zlieri lideri organizaciebSi
bavSvebis da axalgazrdebis realuri da aqtiuri monawileobis SesaZleblobis
inicirebisa da gafarToebisaTvis.
organizaciebis mzadyofnasa da bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis CarTvis survilze

mravali faqtori moqmedebs, maT Soris, kulturuli faseulobebi, resursebis
sakiTxebi, ufrosebis azri bavSvTa Sexedulebebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb,
organizaciaSi arsebuli SesaZleblobebi da TviT bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis
mzadyofna monawileobisTvis.
bavSvebs da axalgazrdebs monawileobisTvis sWirdebaT informacia, unarebi da

60
sakuTari Tavis rwmena. monawileobisaTvis aucilebeli am unarebis Camoyalibeba

ojaxSi iwyeba. ojaxebs SeuZliaT bavSvebs yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi mianiWon amis
saSualeba maTTvis arCevanis SeTavazebis, maTi moqmedebebis da gadawyvetilebebis
Sedegebis ganmartebis da maTi azrebis pativiscemis kulturis Camoyalibebis gziT.
ojaxis Semdeg yvelaze didi mniSvneloba eniWeba skolaSi arsebul garemos

da kulturas, romlis xelSewyobiTac bavSvebs SeuZliaT SeiZinon aqtiuri
monawileobis da moqalaqeobis Cvevebi, unarebi da pasuxismgebloba.
vinaidan bavSvebis umravlesoba udides dros atarebs saswavlo
dawesebulebebSi, aRniSnuli dawesebulebebi aqtiurad unda TanamSromlobdnen
bavSvebTan.
skolebSi specialuri treningi unda gaiaron maswavleblebma da skolis
TanamSromlebma, romlis daxmarebiTac isini SeZleben saskolo sabWoebis muSaobis
da bavSvebis monawileobis xelSewyobas. skolebs ekisreba gansakuTrebuli
pasuxismgebloba ganaTlebis procesSi ormxrivi komunikaciis xelSewyobaSi,
sadac aqtiuri monawileebi bavSvebi arian.
Temis doneze adgilobriv xelisuflebas SeuZlia bavSvebisa da

axalgazrdebisaTvis konsultaciebis gamarTva, romelTa safuZvelze
bavSvebi SeZleben sakuTari adgilobrivi sabWos arCevas, romelic, Tavis
mxriv, SeZlebs monawileobas da integrirebas ufrosebis saqmianobaSi.
sazogadoebaSi teqnologiebis sul ufro mzardi rolidan gamomdinare

yalibdeba meqanizmebi, romlebic moicavs internetis gamoyenebas, xolo
mobilur telefonebs kidev ufro metad SeuZlia monawileobis xelSewyoba.
internetis msoflio qseli sul ufro farTovdeba da qmnis msoflios
xalxebis forums, sadac bavSvebs da axalgazrdebs SeuZliaT sakuTari
Sexedulebebisa da gamocdilebis gaziareba sxvebisTvis da Tavisi wvlilis
Setana saxelmwifo politikis ganviTarebaSi saxelmwifo da adgilobriv
doneebze.
monawileobiT miRebuli sargebloba
gadawyvetilebaTa miRebaSi monawileobas pirdapiri sargebloba moaqvs

bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisaTvis. isini iZenen iseT unarebs, rogoric
aris gunduri muSaoba, molaparakebis warmoeba, problemebis mogvareba
da zemoqmedeba. isini swavloben, rogor yalibdeba politika da rogor
muSaoben organizaciebi. isini swavloben muSaobas ufrosebTan, rogorc
partniorebTan, da swored aseTi monawileoba zrdis maTSi sakuTari Tavis
rwmenas da sakuTari Tavis pativiscemas.
monawileobis SesaZleblobas praqtikuli sargeblobis motana SeuZlia

marginalizebuli bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisaTvis, romlebic ganicdian an
gariyulni arian sazogadoebisgan, Tavisi Temis kulturuli, ekonomikuri Tu
politikuri cxovrebidan.
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bavSvebs da axalgazrdebs TavianTi unikaluri perspeqtivebis da gamocdilebis

SemoTavazeba SeuZliaT iseT sakiTxebze, romlebic gavlenas axdens maT
cxovrebaze. Tu movusmenT bavSvebis azrs imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda Seiqmnas,
wardges, Sefasdes, Semowmdes da gaumjobesdes politika da momsaxurebebi,
uzrunvelyofili iqneba am politikis Tu momsaxurebis Sesabamisoba maT
saWiroebebTan da daukmayofilebeli saWiroebebis aRiareba.
roca bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi monawileoben saxelmwifo politikis

CamoyalibebaSi, isini ufrosebis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis pasiuri
mimRebebidan iqcevian ùflebamosil~ pirebad, romlebsac ZaluZT sakuTari da
sazogadoebis cxovrebis Secvla. `mopovebuli informaciisa da warmomadgenelTa
Sexedulebebis miRebis garda, TviT procesi wevrebs aZlevs sakiTxebis ganxilvis
da momzadebis saSualebas da, aseve, mosalodnels xdis maT monawileobas
cvlilebebis ganxorcielebaSi da ganamtkicebs maTSi sakuTari Tavisadmi,
rogorc moqalaqisadmi, rwmenas~ (ùsmineT axalgazrda xmebs~, maqolei da
bratmani, `bavSvTa uflebebis aliansi~, 2002).
perspeqtivebi bavSvebisTvis: magaliTebi
bavSvTa ombudsmeni
evropis mTelma rigma qveynebma SemoiRes bavSvTa ombudsmenis Tanamdeboba, maT
Soris avstriam, belgiam, xorvatiam, daniam, fineTma, islandiam, irlandiam,
norvegiam, SvedeTma da espaneTma.
konkretuli magaliTi: irlandia

irlandiaSi bavSvTa ombudsmenis daniSvnis procesSi bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis
monawileobis marTva bavSvTa saxelmwifo ofisma ikisra, romelmac irlandiur
procesebSi CarTo sxva qveynebis gamocdileba da rekomendaciebi. 64-ma
axalgazrdam 9-dan 17 wlamde monawileoba miiRo ombudsmenis SerCevis da
masTan gasaubrebis procesSi. maT aseve miiRes monawileoba axalgazrdebis
sakonsultacio komisiis SeqmnaSi, romlis samuSaoa bavSvTa ombudsmenisTvis
konsultaciis miwodeba im sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebsac zegavlenis
moxdena SeuZlia Tanamedrove axalgazrda irlandielebze. ofisTan regularul
Sexvedrebze isini atyobineben ombudsmens maTTvis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs da
uyvebian, Tu rogor isurvebdnen maT mogvarebas.
ombudsmenis ofisi yuradRebas aqcevs iseTi struqturebis Camoyalibebas da

gaumjobesebas, romlebic bavSvebs da axalgazrdebs miscems monawileobis
saSualebas (rogoricaa Dail na nOg – axalgazrdebis parlamenti da Comhairle na nOg
– axalgazrdebis sabWo). igi aseve axorcielebs monawileobasTan dakavSirebul
proeqtebs saxelmwifo organoebTan, xelisuflebis departamentebTan da
arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan TanamSromlobiT.
bolo sami wlis ganmavlobaSi monawileobasTan dakavSirebiT ganxorcielebuli

proeqtebi iyo sakmaod farTo da moicavda TanamSromlobas mraval dainteresebul
62
mxaresTan. samuSaos magaliTebia:
 konsultaciebi axalgazrdebTan im sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic

gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes seqsualuri aqtivobis asakis gansazRvrisas;
 muSaoba irlandiis samauwyeblo komisiasTan bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis
CarTvis sakiTxebze im saxelmwifo procesebSi, romlebic exeba bavSvebis
sakiTxebs sareklamo kodeqsSi;
 àxalgazrdobis xmebis” Seqmna: saxelmZRvanelo principebi imisa, Tu
rogor unda moxdes bavSvebis da axalgazrdebis CarTva muSaobaSi,
irlandiis axalgazrdobis saxelmwifo sabWosTan da bavSvTa uflebebis
aliansTan TanamSromlobis safuZvelze;
 bavSvebis da axalgazrdebis CarTva janmrTelobis dacvis momsaxurebaTa
dagegmvaSi.
bavSvTa parlamentebi
axalgazrdebis parlamentebi arsebobs msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, rac

uzrunvelyofs axalgazrdebis monawileobas momavlis SenebaSi.
òqsfam interneiSenalis~ (Oxfam International) axalgazrduli parlamenti

warmoadgens Òxfam International~-is iniciativas. Òxfam International~-is
axalgazrduli parlamenti mobilizebas uwevs axalgazrda liderebsa
da aqtivistebs pozitiuri da mdgradi cvlilebebis Setanis sakiTxebSi
TanamSromlobisTvis. igi axerxebs amas axalgazrdobis iniciativebis
mxardaWeriT, SesaZleblobaTa ganviTarebis programebis daxmarebiT
da axalgazrdebis TanadgomiT maTi da maTi Temebis uflebebisa da
Tavisuflebebis dacvaSi. òqsfam interneiSenalis~ axalgazrduli
parlamenti mxars uWers axalgazrdebs, rogorc liderebs, cvlilebebis
Semotanis mizniT dadebiTi, mdgradi, inovaciuri da Temze orientirebuli
iniciativebis ganxorcielebaSi.
konkretuli magaliTi: axalgazrduli sabWo, safrangeTi

axalgazrduli sabWoebi safrangeTSi 1970-iani wlebidan muSaobs. amJamad
maTi raodenoba ramdenime aseuls aRwevs. maTi funqciaa bavSvebisa da
axalgazrdebis problemebis Setyobineba adgilobrivi TemebisTvis. 1991 wels
daarsda bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis saqalaqo sabWoebis erovnuli asociacia.
mis pirvel Sexvedras 700 axalgazrda da 400 zrdasruli daeswro; Semdgom
Sexvedrebs eswrebodnen ministrebi.
63
axalgazrduli sabWoebis miRwevebi mniSvnelovania – sqeitbordis

ferdobebis ageba, moednebis mowyoba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone
bavSvebisTvis, multfilmebis videoTeka, gaumjobesebuli satransporto
saSualebebi, socialuri RonisZiebebi, qalaqis rukebis Seqmna brailis
sistemiT, videofirebis gadaReba, sadac asaxulia bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis
problemebi maT mSobliur qalaqebSi.
axalgazrduli sabWoebis raodenoba da maTi arsebobis xangrZlivoba

gviCvenebs, Tu ra seriozulad ganixileba amgvari organoebi safrangeTSi. maTi
efeqtianobis mniSvnelovan elements warmoadgens politikuri valdebulebebi
maT mimarT rogorc saxelmwifo, aseve adgilobriv doneebze. isini seriozulad
ganixileba rogorc adgilobriv sazogadoebaSi axalgazrdebis mniSvnelovani
rolis Sesrulebis efeqtiani saSualeba.
axalgazrdebis evropuli forumi warmoadgens saerTaSoriso organizacias,

romelic Camoyalibda axalgazrduli erovnuli sabWoebisa da axalgazrdebis
saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier evropis yvela kuTxis
axalgazrdebis interesebis gamoxatvis mizniT. forumi stimuls aZlevs
axalgazrdebs monawileobisTvis evropisa da im sazogadoebebis mowyobaSi,
sadac isini cxovroben. igi warmoadgens axalgazrdebis organizaciebs
saerTaSoriso dawesebulebebSi – umTavresad evrokavSirSi, evrosabWosa
da gaeroSi. maTi saSualebiT imarTeba informaciis nakadi axalgazrdebsa da
gadawyvetilebebis mimRebTa Soris.
forumSi gaerTianebulia 93 wevri axalgazrduli erovnuli sabWoebidan

da axalgazrdebis saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebidan. forumi
aerTianebs aTobiT milion axalgazrdas evropis yvela qveynidan.
axalgazrdebis parlamenti warmoadgens gaerTianebuli samefos iniciativas,

romelic Seiqmna axalgazrdebis dasaxmareblad maTTvis saintereso
yvela sakiTxze xmis uflebis mopovebaSi. organizacia Seiqmna birminhemSi
forumis saxiT, sadac axalgazrdebs SeeZloT Sexvedra erTmaneTTan
sxvadasxva sakiTxis gansaxilvelad da iseTi politikis Camosayalibeblad,
romelic qalaqs axalgazrdebisTvis ukeTes adgilad gadaaqcevda. amJamad
axalgazrdebis parlamenti regionis sabaziso organizaciaa, igi aseve
axorcielebs saxelmwifo da saerTaSoriso RonisZiebebs da akavSirebs
erTmaneTTan axalgazrdebs.
64
konkretuli magaliTi: bavSvTa parlamenti sloveniaSi
sloveniaSi 1990 wels saparlamento demokratiis SemoRebasTan erTad Seiqmna

bavSvTa parlamenti. yovel wels bavSvebs skolaSi eZlevaT raime erTi Tema da
misi siRrmiseulad Seswavlis saSualeba. 13-15 wlis 100-ze met axalgazrdas Tavis
skolebSi irCeven sloveniis parlamentSi Seswavlili sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad
SexvedrisTvis. Sexvedris bolosTvis isini irCeven Temas momavali wlisTvis.
pirveli wlis sakiTxs warmoadgenda ùsafrTxo da jansaRi garemo~.
bavSvTa parlamentis meore SexvedrisTvis suraTi Zirfesvianad Seicvala.

sloveniaSi, xorvatiasa da bosniaSi omi daiwyo. axalgazrdebi parlaments
iyenebdnen momavalTan dakavSirebiT sakuTari azrebis gamosaxatavad da
xmamaRla acxadebdnen TavianT SeniSvnebs politikosebis mimarT, romlebmac
ver SeZles qmediTi mTavrobis Seqmna. isini gamoxatavdnen risxvas, SiSsa da
Ralatis SegrZnebas omTan dakavSirebiT, daucvelobis grZnobas, skolaSi
siarulis SeuZleblobas. politikosebi iZulebuli iyvnen, maTTvis moesminaT.
maT parlamentSi sabolood warmoadgines angariSi samuSaos mimdinareobis
Sesaxeb, romelSic mocemuli iyo wina parlamentis mier gakeTebuli
rekomendaciebi.
marTalia, angariSi mxolod ramdenime konkretulad Sesrulebul sakiTxs

moicavda, magram igi uCvenebda bavSvebs, rom maTi azrebi seriozulad
ganixileba. parlamentis mesame sxdoma fokusirebuli iyo bavSvebisTvis
megobruli garemos mqone skolis Seqmnaze. wina wlebisgan gansxvavebiT,
yuradReba gamaxvilebuli iyo gaumjobesebaze da ara kritikaze.
arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone faqtori, romelsac unda eCvenebina, rom
parlamenti ar iyo ubralod simboluri Jesti, iyo is, rom politikosebma
uCvenes yvelas, rom maT surdaT bavSvebis mosmena, maTi winadadebebisa da
maT mier wamoWrili sakiTxebis gaTvaliswineba da praqtikulad moqmedeba,
rodesac ki es SesaZlebeli iqneboda. garda amisa, procesma yvelas daanaxva,
rom bavSvebs SeuZliaT sakuTar TavSi demokratiuli pasuxismgeblobis
grZnobis Camoyalibeba.
monawileobisTvis arsebuli barierebi

miuxedavad kargi magaliTebisa, bavSvebis da axalgazrdebis xmebis mniSvnelobis
gaTviTcnobiereba da maTTan praqtikuli muSaoba jer kidev Canasaxis stadiaSia.
saxelmwifo politikasTan dakavSirebuli konsultaciebi bavSvebTan da
axalgazrdebTan kvlavac axal da bolomde gaurkvevel koncefciad rCeba. jer
kidev bevria gasakeTebeli imisaTvis, rom bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis xmebi
struqturulad CairTos samoqalaqo sazogadoebis gadawyvetilebebSi.
gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi monawileobis miRebisas axalgazrdebis mxardaWera

ufrosebisTvis rTuli da sapasuxismgeblo amocanaa, Tumca jer kidev cota
65
maTgani Tu gadis Sesabamis trenings. ufrosebis (maT Soris mSoblebis) uaryofiTi

damokidebuleba axalgazrdebis monawileobis mimarT bariers qmnis.
miuxedavad imisa, rom axalgazrdebi sul ufro metad ebmebian monawileobaze
dafuZnebul proeqtebSi, Sefasebis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, rom maTi gavlena
saxelmwifo gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze jer kidev mcirea, Tumca es maCvenebeli
gansxvavdeba konteqstebis da sxvadasxva tipis organizaciebis mixedviT.
kidev karga xani gava, vidre bavSvebis mosmenis kultura maTTan dakavSirebuli
sakiTxebis da Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis nawili gaxdeba. imisaTvis,
rom daculi iyos bavSvebis ufleba, moisminon maTi azri, ufrosebma jerovani
yuradReba unda miaqcion da gaiTvaliswinon maTi Sexedulebebi.
Sefaseba
ganixileT Tqvens qveyanaSi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli samoqmedo

gegmis statusi da mis SemuSavebaSi bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis monawileoba.
bavSvebTan Sexvedris oficialuri angariSi: bavSvebis sakiTxebze momuSave ombudsmenebis

evropuli qseli, 17/11/2003:
http://www.ombudsmet.org/Organisations/vieworg.asp?id=2872&fromEnoc=e
gaeros bavSvebTan dakavSirebul sagangebo sesiaze bavSvebis monawileobis Sedegad miRebuli 12

gakveTili, `Save the Children~, 2004:
http://www.savethechildren.ca/whatwedo/rights/12lessons stc.pdf
irlandiis obmudsmenis ofisi, 2005-2006 wlis wliuri angariSi

http://www.oco.ie/whatsNew/annual reports.aspx
msoflio moZraoba bavSvebisTvis:

http://www.gmfc.org/index.php/gmc6/homepage
bavSvebis CarTva bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis CamoyalibebaSi: saerTo

miTiTebebi mTavrobebisTvis; 2002, `Save the Children~: www.crin.org/resources/infoDetail.asp?ID=3145
`SeiZleba saocrebis gazomva: saxelmwifo gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi axalgazrdebis

monawileobis Sefaseba da kvleva~; perpetua qirbi, karnegis axalgazrdaTa iniciativa:
http://cypi.carnegieuktrust.org.uk/files/2643 MeasuretheMagic 001.pdf
66
Tavi 2: bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli Jurnalisturi

praqtika
1. qcevis kodeqsebi da saredaqcio saxelmZRvanelo principebi

 ra saWiroa qcevis kodeqsebi?
 kodeqsebi detaluri da normatiuli unda iyos Tu zogad principebs
moicavdes?
 qcevis kodeqsebi da movaleoba
 qcevis kodeqsebi da presis Tavisufleba
 pasuxismgeblobis da Tavisuflebis Sedareba
qcevis kodeqsebi im wesebis krebulebia, romlebiTac imarTeba qceva da

saredaqcio gadawyvetilebebis miReba. msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi
Camoyalibebuli Jurnalisturi qcevis kodeqsebi exmianeba profesionali
Jurnalistebis winaSe wamoWril sirTuleebs. es principebi JurnalistebisTvis
ufro farTod cnobilia profesiuli eTikis kodeqsis, qcevis kodeqsis
an Jurnalistikis kanonebis saxeliT. ZiriTad kodeqsebs, Cveulebriv,
adgenen JurnalistTa profesiuli asociaciebi da, agreTve, individualuri
sagamomcemlo, samauwyeblo da internet-axali ambebis organizaciebi.
Tumca kodeqsebSi SeiniSneba garkveuli gansxvaveba. ZiriTadad, maTSi

mocemulia iseTi saerTo elementebi, rogorebicaa WeSmaritebis principebi,
sizuste, obieqturoba, miukerZoebloba, samarTlianoba, pasuxismgeblobis
grZnoba sazogadoebis winaSe faseuli informaciis mopovebisTvis gamoyenebuli
sainformacio wyaroebis anonimurobis dacvasa da amgvari informaciis
sazogadoebisTvis Setyobinebaze.
mravali sxva eTikuri sistemis msgavsad, Jurnalisturi eTika moicavs

`zianis SezRudvis~ princips. es xSirad niSnavs iseTi detalebis dafarvas
sazogadoebisgan, rogorebicaa bavSvebis vinaoba, gaupatiurebis msxverplTa
vinaoba, informacia, romelsac ar gaaCnia raime mniSvnelovani kavSiri
konkretul ambavTan (romlis gamJRavnebas, magaliTad, SeuZlia vinmesTvis zianis
miyeneba) da, aseve, TviTmkvlelobis dros gamoyenebuli meTodebi.
Jurnalistikis kodeqsebis ganviTareba

Jurnalistikis aRiarebuli principebis mizania sazogadoebisTvis umaRlesi
xarisxis ambebis miwodeba, informaciis gavrcelebis misiis ganxorcieleba
saxelmwifo interesTa momsaxurebis mizniT. Tu ras niSnavs `saxelmwifo
interesi~, dRemde debatebis sagania. igi SeiZleba exebodes `saerTo~ an
`zogad~ keTildReobas.
gaerTianebuli samefos da irlandiis JurnalistTa erovnulma kavSirma

67
Camoayaliba Tavisi Tvalsazrisi `saxelmwifo interesebis~ mniSvnelobasTan

dakavSirebiT:
 seriozuli danaSaulis an samarTaldarRvevis aRmoCena an gamoaSkaraveba;

 sazogadoebis janmrTelobisa da usafrTxoebis dacva;
 romelime individis an organizaciis raime gancxadebis saSualebiT
sazogadoebis SecdomaSi Seyvanis Tavidan acileba;
 saxelmwifo organoebis mier saxelmwifo saxsrebis aradaniSnulebisamebr
gamoyenebis an korufciis sxva formebis gamomJRavneba;
 xelisuflebisa da zegavlenis mqone jgufebs Soris interesTa potenciuri
konfliqtis gamoaSkaraveba;
 korporaciuli angarebis gamovlena;
 farisevluri qcevis gamomJRavneba maRali Tanamdebobis pirebis mxridan.
zogadad Tu vimsjelebT, Jurnalisturi kodeqsebi warmoiqmna Jurnalistebis

Zvel eTikur Secdomebze dakvirvebis da maTze reagirebis safuZvelze. dRes
dasaqmebis zogierTi piroba savaldebulod acxadebs amgvari kodeqsebis dacvas,
rogorc TanamSromlebis, aseve StatgareSe JurnalistebisTvis; Jurnalistebi
SeiZleba daiTxovon samuSao adgilebidan eTikuri kodeqsis darRvevis gamo.
Jurnalistebi Zalian xSirad aRmoaCenen xolme, rom, Tu ar surT samsaxuris
dakargva, sakuTari eTikuri Sexedulebis sawinaaRmdegod mouwevT moqmedeba.
msoflioSi qcevis pirveli kodeqsi 1936 wels gamosca gaerTianebuli samefos da

irlandiis JurnalistTa erovnulma kavSirma, rogorc damqiravebelma organom.
kodeqsebis formulireba xSirad warmoadgenda Jurnalistebis gamoxmaurebas
sakiTxebze, romlebic dakavSirebuli iyo mediasaSualebaTa sakuTrebasTan da
sakuTrebis koncentraciasTan.
Jurnalisturi eTikis kodeqsebi Seqmnilia gzis gasakvlevad sxvadasxva iseT

sirTuleebSi, rogorebicaa interesTa konfliqti an Jurnalistebis daxmareba
eTikur dilemebTan dakavSirebiT. kodeqsebi Jurnalistebs aZlevs sistemas
TviTmonitoringisa da sakuTari saqcielis cvlilebisTvis. profesiuli
standartebis dacva aseve zrdis axali ambebis saagentoebis reputacias da
ndobas maT mimarT, rac, Tavis mxriv, zrdis maTi mkiTxvelebisa Tu auditoriis
moculobas. axali ambebis im organizaciebSi, romlebmac miiRes Jurnalisturi
eTikis zogadi standartebi da cdiloben maT dacvas, SeiZleba sxvadasxva iyo
maTi muSaobis da aRniSnuli standartebis dacvis xarisxi. miuxedavad amisa,
axali ambebis saagentos sam upirveles aqtivs warmoadgens profesionalizmi,
sandooba da angariSvaldebuleba sazogadoebis winaSe. organizacia maRal
reputacias moipovebs da inarCunebs, nawilobriv, eTikuri standartebis mudmivi
dacviT, rac zegavlenas axdens mis mdgomareobaze sazogadoebaSi da dargSi.
yvelaze maRali reputaciis mqone inglisurenovan gamocemebsa da mauwyeblobebs

Sorisaa: britaneTis samauwyeblo korporacia (BBC), kanadis samauwyeblo
korporacia (CBC), gazeTi `gardiani~ (Guardian) (romelsac hyavs mkiTxvelTa
warmomadgeneli); aSS-Si ùoSington posti~ (Washington Post), `niu iork taimsi~
68
(New York Times)”, ùol strit jorneli~ (Wall Street Journal), axali ambebis sakabelo
arxi (CNN), erovnuli sazogadoebrivi radio (NPR) da saxelmwifo mauwyeblobis
samsaxuri (PBS). zemoT CamoTvlili organizaciebis umetesobas aqvs sakuTari
saredaqcio saxelmZRvanelo principebi.
presis Tavisufleba
kodeqsebi SemuSavebuli aqvT im qveynebis axali ambebis organizaciebs, sadac
presas miniWebuli aqvs Tavisufleba. zogierT qveyanaSi erTze meti kodeqsi
arsebobs. Cveulebriv, gazeTebsa da mauwyeblobebs gansxvavebuli kodeqsebi aqvT
da isini gansxvavebul iuridiul bazas asaxavs. mauwyeblobaTa Jurnalistebi
ufro regulirebul garemoSi muSaoben.
ganviTarebul qveynebSi presis Tavisufleba gulisxmobs, rom yvela adamians

aqvs sakuTari azris werilobiT an misTvis sasurveli sxva formiT gamoxatvis
ufleba. adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciaSi naTqvamia:
`yvelas aqvs azrisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba. es Tavisufleba moicavs

adamianis uflebas, hqondes sakuTari azri da daubrkoleblad moiZios, miiRos
da gaavrcelos informacia da mosazrebebi yovelgari saSualebiT, miuxedavad
sazRvrebisa~.
arasamTavrobo organizaciebma Seamowmes presis Tavisuflebis done

msoflioSi. organizaciam `reportiorebi sazRvrebs gareSe~, romlis saqmianoba
adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis zemoxsenebul muxls eyrdnoba,
Camoayaliba msoflio presis Tavisuflebis indeqsi, romlis gamoyenebiTac igi
iTvlis romelime qveyanaSi mokluli, JurnalistTa rigebidan garicxuli an
Seuracxyofili Jurnalistebis raodenobas, saxelmwifo monopoliis arsebobas
televiziasa Tu radioSi da cenzuris an TviTcenzuris dones mediaSi. igi aseve
afasebs mediis saerTo damoukideblobas da im sirTuleebs, romlebic SeiZleba
warmoiSvas ucxoeli Jurnalistebis winaSe. organizaciis `reportiorebi
sazRvrebs gareSe~ informaciiT, msoflios mosaxleobis mesamedze meti
cxovrobs iseT qveynebSi, sadac presa ar aris Tavisufali (qveynebis
klasificireba mocemulia internetSi misamarTze http://www.rsf.org/). im sxva
organizaciebs Soris, romlebic monitorings uweven presis Tavisuflebas, aris
JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia.
presis damoukideblobis cneba mWidrod ukavSirdeba presis Tavisuflebis

cnebas. imisaTvis, rom mediam kargad imuSaos demokratiis pirobebSi, aucile-
belia misi Tavisufleba rogorc politikuri, aseve ekonomikuri zewolisagan.
Jurnalisturi standartebis da eTikis Temas aSS-Si yvelaze xmamaRla ganixilavs

profesional JurnalistTa sazogadoeba. misi eTikis kodeqsis preambulaSi
naTqvamia:
`...sazogadoebis ganaTleba win uZRvis samarTlianobas da demokratiis

69
safuZvels warmoadgens. Jurnalistis movaleobaa aRniSnulisken

swrafva simarTlis gziT da movlenebisa da sakiTxebis samarTliani da
yovlismomcveli gaSuqeba. mediis nebismieri formis da sferos samarTliani
Jurnalistebi cdiloben, umwikvlod da gulwrfelad emsaxuron
sazogadoebas. Jurnalistisadmi ndobis safuZvels profesiuli wesiereba
da Tanmimdevruloba warmoadgens.~
es exmaureba amerikis konstitucias, sadac sityvis Tavisufleba daculia

kanoniT, xolo cnobili pirveli Sesworeba acxadebs, rom `kongresi ar miiRebs
raime imgvar kanons, romelic SezRudavs sityvis an presis Tavisuflebas...~
axali respublikis mier gamocxadebul arc erT doqtrinas ar gamouwvevia

aseTi didi gamoxmaureba msoflioSi, rogorc azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvis
deklaracias. Tumca sxvadasxva saxelmwifos SeiZleba sakuTari mizezi hqondes
Jurnalistebis qcevis SezRudvisTvis _ magaliTad, JurnalistebisTvis
samuSao licenziis gacemisTvis mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini mTavrobis
survilebis mixedviT moqmedeben. amgvari damokidebuleba miuRebeli unda iyos
JurnalistisTvis, romelic afasebs sakuTar damoukideblobas da sakuTar Tavs
ganixilavs rogorc sazogadoebis Tvalebs da yurebs da ara rogorc marionets
elitis xelSi.
mTavrobebs xSirad `mediis araswori moqmedeba~ mohyavT mizezad imisTvis, rom

gaamarTlon maTTvis dawesebuli SezRudvebi. ai, ratom aris mniSvnelovani
JurnalistikisTvis TviTregulireba iseTi sistemiT, romelic iqneba gamWvirvale
da zogadad miRebuli mediis sferoSi.
mediis regulireba sul ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba, Tumca aseve xSiria

sruliad sawinaaRmdego azrebic. zogierTi gamonaklisiT, winaaRmdegobis
koncentrireba xdeba ara im standartebze, romlebiskenac unda miiswrafodes
media demokratiul garemoSi, aramed TviTregulirebis da kanonmdeblobis
safuZvelze regulirebis urTierTsawinaaRmdego mxareebze.
magaliTad, gaerTianebuli samefos presis sabWos qcevis kodeqsi gansazRvravs

Jurnalistebisa da redaqtorebisaTvis mTel rig standartebs, maT Soris
sizustes, piradi cxovrebis pativiscemis zogierT formas, dacvas bavSvebisa
da daucveli pirebisTvis, magram ara _ samarTlianobas an miukerZoeblobas.
Tumca es kodeqsi ar aris kanonis ZaliT savaldebulo. presis sabWom
Seadgina igi sakanonmdeblo regulirebis Sesaferxeblad garkveuli xarisxis
TviTregulirebis dawesebiT. qcevis kodeqss zurgs umagrebs saCivrebis
procedura da ara Jurnalistebisa da redaqtorebis qcevis yoveldRiuri
disciplina. misi ganmtkicebis reJimi seleqciuri da retrospeqtiulia: presis
saCivrebis komisia, romelic Sedgeba gazeTis redaqtorebisa da araprofesionali
wevrebisgan, Seiswavlis saCivarebs kodeqsis darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT da
gamoaqvs saTanado gadawyvetilebebi.
kodeqsebi, romlebic Seqmnilia Jurnalisturi organizaciebis, profkavSirebis,

70
presis sabWoebis an `bi-bi-si~-s msgavsi organizaciebis mier da uzrunvelyofs

saxelmZRvanelo principebs da xelmZRvanelobas, SeiZleba SevadaroT iseT
kodeqsebs, romlebic iZleva miTiTebebs da asrulebs maregulirebeli wesebis
funqcias, rogorebicaa presis sabWoebis kodeqsebi skandinaviis qveynebSi.
arsebobs winaaRmdegoba im adamianebs Soris, romlebic yvela tipis kodeqsebs

presis Tavisuflebis SezRudvad miiCneven da romlebic kodeqsebSi xedaven
daxmarebas pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse JurnalistikisaTvis. es ukanaskneli
Sexeduleba, ZiriTadad, axasiaTebs evropul tradicias, xolo pirveli ufro
amerikeli JurnalistebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli, romelTa tradicia
gamomdinareobs aSS-is konstituciis zemoT moyvanili pirveli Sesworebidan.
ras unda moicavdes kodeqsi?

miuxedavad imisa, zedmetad dawvrilebiTia Tu ara miTiTebebis Semcveli
kodeqsi, igi SeiZleba moicavdes sityvis Tavisuflebas da Jurnalistur
gamoZiebas. magram kodeqsi, iqneba es mxolod misi monaxazi Tu dawvrilebiTi
teqsti, SeiZleba imden saSualebas Seicavdes interpretaciisTvis, rom TiTqmis
SeuZlebeli gaxdes misi amoqmedeba.
efeqtianobisTvis kodeqsSi mocemuli unda iyos ZiriTadi principebi, romelTa

safuZvelzec surT Jurnalistebs sakuTari Sromisa Tu qcevis Sefaseba.
magaliTad, marTalia, Jurnalistebs aqvT sakuTari azris gamoTqmis ufleba,
maTi mxridan Tanamdebobis borotad gamoyenebaa maTi piradi Sexedulebebis
warmoCena da iseTi informaciis ugulebelyofa, romelsac isini ar eTanxmebian.
axali ambebis komentireba da analizi kanonieri da sasurveli saSualebaa,
romlis daxmarebiTac xdeba azrebis gaziareba, Tumca gansxvaveba unda gakeTdes
axal ambebsa da informacias da komentarsa Tu analizs Soris.
regulirebis nebismieri forma uzrunvelyofs angariSvaldebulebis sistemas.

am sistemis arsebiTi damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba is aris, rom `wesebi~ zegavlenas
axdens praqtikul muSaobaze – an Sesabamisobis garantirebiT, an darRvevebis
swrafad aRdgenis uzrunvelyofiT.
mediis TviTregulireba angariSvaldebulebis gansakuTrebuli formaa, vinaidan

misi mizania sazogadoebis darwmuneba imaSi, rom SeiZleba mediis sferos
profesionalebis ndoba, rom isini daicaven sazogadoebis uflebas _ hqondes
Tavisufali da damoukidebeli media.
sawyis wertilad TviT praqtokosebi unda mogvevlinon. adamianebis umetesoba

dasTanxmdeba Semdegi sakiTxebis kodeqsSi Setanas:
 mediis Tavisuflebis principebis, sazogadoebis uflebis, xeli miuwvdebodes

informaciaze da Jurnalistebi uflebis, imoqmedon sakuTari sindisis
mixedviT, dacva;
 sizuste da uzustobebis gasworeba;
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 faqtebisa da komentarebis gansxvaveba;

 piradi cxovrebis pativiscema, gansakuTrebiT janmrTelobis arasaxarbielo
mdgomareobisas da uaxloesi adamianis dakargvis dros;
 bavSvebis, danaSaulis msxverplis an sxva daucveli jgufebis dacva;
 informaciis wyaroebis dacva;
 zianis miyenebis da diskriminaciis Tavidan acileba;
 waqezebis da interesTa konfliqtis Tavidan acileba.
yovelTvis iarsebebs wesebidan gamonaklisi. marTalia, sizuste mediis yvela

profesionalisTvis xelSeuxebel siwmindes unda warmoadgendes, aseve saWiroa
miTiTebebis Camoyalibeba iseTi SemTxvevebisTvis, roca ufro metma sargeblobam
(sazogadoebis uflebam, icodes) _ rasac zogjer `sazogadoebis upirvelesi
interesis sagans~ uwodeben _ SeiZleba gaamarTlos kodeqsidan gadaxveva.
gaerTianebul samefoSi, magaliTad, azris gamoxatvis ufleba TavisTavad

ganixileba `saxelmwifo interesis~ konteqstSi. rogorc sagazeTo industria
(presis saCivarTa komisia), aseve gaerTianebuli samefosa da irlandiis
JurnalistTa erovnuli kavSiri moiTxovs `gamonaklis~ garemoebebs kodeqsis
iseTi darRvevebis dasasabuTeblad, roca saqme exeba bavSvebs, magram aseve
aRiarebs, rom gadaxra maTi (msgavsi, magram gansxvavebuli) kodeqsebidan SeiZleba
dasabuTdes, Tu misi motivia:
 danaSaulis an seriozuli administraciuli samarTaldarRvevis aRmoCena an

gamoaSkaraveba;
 sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis da usafrTxoebis dacva;
 sazogadoebis dacva romelime individis Tu organizaciis araswori
gancxadebis an qmedebisgan.
efeqtianobis misaRwevad aucileblad unda arsebobdes kodeqsis Sesrulebis

zedamxedvelobis saSualeba _ Jurnalisturi organizaciebisa Tu iseTi
arasaxelmwifo organos mier, romelsac endoba rogorc media, aseve sazogadoeba
– da romlis daxmarebiT darRvevebis SemTxvevebSi SesaZlebeli iqneba garkveuli
formiT situaciis gamosworeba an kompensaciis miReba.
Jan klod bertrani (ix. qvemoT) gvirCevs, rom xarisxis kontroli SeiZleba
Caataros dainteresebul pirTa samma jgufma – mflobelebma, profesionalebma
da momxmareblebma – cal-calke an erTad sxvadasxva kombinaciaSi, da amisaTvis
gamoiyenon `mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi“.
mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi
mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi is saSualebebia, romlebic

uzrunvelyofs mediis socialur pasuxismgeblobas da mediisa da
Jurnalistebis mxridan profesionalTa mier dadgenili eTnikuri wesebis
pativiscemas. mediis angariSvaldebulebis yvela sistemis mizania axal
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ambebze momuSave mediis gaumjobeseba, Tumca aRniSnuli sistemebi Zalian

mravalferovania. es SeiZleba iyvnen:
 individebi (magaliTad, ombudsmeni an mkiTxvelTa warmomadgenlebi);

 adamianebis jgufebi (magaliTad, Sinaarsis Semfasebeli komisiebi);
 regularuli Sexvedrebi (magaliTad, presis adgilobrivi sabWoebi);
 individualuri dokumentebi (magaliTad, eTikuri kodeqsebi);
 mcire media (magaliTad, Jurnalisturi ganxilvebi);
 sagangebo operaciebi (magaliTad, eTikuri auditi);
 xangrZlivi procesi (magaliTad, sauniversiteto ganaTleba an siRrmiseuli
kvleva).
mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi ramdenime mizans isaxavs. es miznebia:
 kritika, mediis gamosworebis yvelaze martivi da yvelaze popularuli

meTodi;
 monitoringi, amJamad aucilebeli, radgan gamodis uamravi mediaproduqti,
Tumca maTi sicocxlis xangrZlivoba moklea;
 mediis xelmisawvdomoba - yvelas unda SeeZlos yvela saxis mediiT sargebloba
da mosaxleobis yvela jgufs unda SeeZlos informaciis gavrceleba
mediasaSualebebiT;
 treningi, mediis problemaTa umetesobis grZelvadiani gadaWra: rogorc
profesionalTa ganaTleba, ise moqalaqeebis aRqmis unaris gazrda.
mediis angariSvaldebulebis zogierTi sistema warmoiSva Tavad mediaSi (amis

magaliTia mediasaSualebebSi araswori informaciisTvis bodiSis moxda), sxvebi
gaCnda sistemis gareT (magaliTad, Jurnalisturi ganxilva), xolo zogierTi
efuZneba TanamSromlobas mediasa da sazogadoebas Soris (magaliTad, presis
sabWoebi).
Secdomebis aRiareba yovelTvis Znelia, gansakuTrebiT iseT sferoSi, romlis

funqciaa sando informaciis miwodeba sazogadoebisTvis im movlenebisa da
sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romlebic zemoqmedebas axdens mis cxovrebaze. magram
Secdomis aRiareba saqveynod da uzrunvelyofa imisa, rom amgvari Secdomebi
aRar gameordes, yvelaze efeqtiani gzaa mediasa da sazogadoebas Soris ndobis
ganmtkicebisTvis.
saerTaSoriso kodeqsebi
msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveynis mier bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ratificireba
miuTiTebs imaze, rom adamianis da bavSvis uflebebi sayovelTao da ganuyofel
73
uflebebad ganixileba. da mainc, aris Tu ara raime sayovelTao standartebi,

romlebsac unda icavdes Jurnalisti? dRevandlamde ar Seqmnila JurnalistTa
qcevis sayovelTao kodeqsi. arsebobs mravali regionuli da saxelmwifo
kodeqsi, saerTaSoriso korporaciebs Camoyalibebuli aqvT Tavisi sakuTari
miTiTebebi (Tumca adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos Seqmnili aqvs
presis TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebuli wesebi).
werilobiTi formiT Camoyalibebuli kodeqsebi da praqtikuli standartebi

gansxvavdeba sxvadasxva qveyanasa da organizaciaSi, Tumca ZiriTadad mainc
xSiria maT Soris Tanxvedra.
eTikis kodeqsi zrdis eTikuri sakiTxebis aRqmis da maTze msjelobis unars,

ganamtkicebs daxmarebas individis mimarT moraluri TvalsazrisiT da xels
uwyobs organizaciis identurobis grZnobis Camoyalibebas.
JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis azriT, Jurnalisturi samuSaos

safuZvels warmoadgens sityvis da informaciis Tavisufleba. igi mouwodebs
saredaqcio damoukideblobisa da mediis TviTregulirebisken da xels uwyobs
debatebs JurnalistikaSi eTikasTan dakavSirebiT. igi aseve propagandas
uwevs profesiul standartebs, rogoricaa deklaracia Jurnalistebis qcevis
principebis Sesaxeb. federaciam specialuri saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi
Camoayaliba bavSvebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze muSaobisTvis. Jurnalisturi
saqmianoba, romelic exeba bavSvebis cxovrebasa Tu keTildReobas, yovelTvis
unda ganxorcieldes bavSvebis daucvelobis donis gaTvaliswinebiT.
JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis kodeqsi Zalian mniSvnelovania, vinaidan
igi mravali saxelmwifos kodeqsebs daedo safuZvlad.
bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli qcevis kodeqsi

JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacias miaCnia, rom yvela Jurnalistis da
mediis profesionalis valia ara mxolod umaRlesi eTikuri da profesiuli
standartebis dacva, aramed bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Sesaxeb informaciis
rac SeiZleba farTod gavrceleba.
JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis azriT, mediaorganizaciebi bavSvis

uflebaTa darRvevis da bavSvis usafrTxoebasTan, pirad cxovrebasTan,
uSiSroebasTan, ganaTlebasTan, janmrTelobis dacvasa da socialur
uzrunvelyofasTan, aseve eqspluataciis yvela formasTan dakavSirebul
sakiTxebs unda ganixilavdnen, rogorc gamoZiebisa da sazogadoebrivi
msjelobis sagans.
garda amisa, media ar unda ganixilavdes da acnobdes sazogadoebas bavSvebis

Sesaxeb siuJetebs mxolod rogorc calkeul ambebs. igi mudmivad unda
saubrobdes im procesebze, romlebsac mivyavarT an SeuZlia Cveni miyvana amgvar
SemTxvevebamde.
74
JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli

sakiTxebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo principebi
Jurnalistebma da masobrivi informaciis saSualebebma yvelaferi unda

gaakeTon imisaTvis, rom ar gadauxvion umaRles eTikur standartebsa da
normebs bavSvTa problemebis gaSuqebisas. kerZod:
1. bavSvebis sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas maT Zalisxmeva ar unda daiSuron

sizustisa da koreqtulobis dasacavad;
2. unda moeridon iseTi fotoebisa da informaciis gamoqveynebas
bavSvebisaTvis gankuTvnil mediasivrceSi, romelic saziano iqneba
maTTvis;
3. moeridon publikaciebis gapopularebis mizniT bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli
problemebis sensaciur da stereotipul gaSuqebas;
4. bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli nebismieri masalis gamoqveynebisas
saguldagulod awon-dawonon SesaZlo Sedegebi da minimumamde daiyvanon
zianis faqtori;
5. Tu amas sazogadoebrivi interesi ar moiTxovs, daicvan bavSvis vinaoba
da ar gamoaqveynon misi fotoebi;
6. rodesac es SesaZlebelia, miscen bavSvebs masmediis saSualebiT TavianTi
azrebis gamoxatvis SesaZlebloba yovelgvari zewolis gareSe;
7. uzrunvelyon bavSvis mier mowodebuli informaciis damoukidebeli
Semowmeba da gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcion imas, rom am
informaciis Semowmebisas informator bavSvs safrTxe ar Seeqmnas;
8. moeridon bavSvebis seqsualur formaSi gadaRebuli fotoebis
gamoqveynebas;
9. gamoiyenon bavSvebis fotoebis mopovebis samarTliani, Ria da pirdapiri
meTodebi da, rodesac es SesaZlebelia, moipovon isini bavSvebis, maTze
pasuxismgebeli piris an meurvis TanxmobiT;
10. Seamowmon im organizaciebis uflebamosileba, romlebic bavSvebis
saxeliT laparakoben an warmoadgenen bavSvTa interesebs;
11. bavSvis cxovrebis pirobebis amsaxveli siuJetisaTvis mopovebuli
masalis safasuri ar gadauxadon arc bavSvs da arc bavSvis mSoblebsa
Tu meurveebs, Tu es namdvilad bavSvis interesebSi ar Sedis.
mediis organizaciebi Tavad qmnian saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs, romlebic

exeba maT muSaobas bavSvebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. `bi-bi-sis~ saredaqcio
saxelmZRvanelo principebi, romlebic aqamde cnobili iyo saxeliT `prodiuseris
saxelmZRvanelo principebi~, adgens im standartebs, romlebsac `bi-bi-si~ icavs
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yvela Tavis gadacemaSi televiziiT, radioTi Tu internetSi. es principebi

yvela im adamianisTvisaa, romlebic qmnian eTerSi gasaSveb gadacemebs. isini
exmareba Jurnalistebs rTuli sakiTxebis gadaWraSi. aRniSnuli principebi
Seicavs sagangebo nawilebs bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT.
`bi-bi-si~-s saxelmZRvanelo principebSi naTqvamia, rom korporacia cdilobs,

daicvas im bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis keTildReoba, romlebic monawileoben
da Cndebian maT gadacemebSi, cdiloben, agreTve, daicvan bavSvebis ufleba, maTi
xma gaigonon msoflios yvela kuTxeSi, sadac ki mauwyeblobs `bi-bi-si~.
`bi-bi-si~-s saxelmZRvanelo principebi mniSvnelovania ara mxolod imitom,

rom gamoxatavs `bi-bi-si~-s, rogorc maRali xarisxis axali da mimdinare
ambebis momwodeblis pozicias, aramed imitomac, rom `bi-bi-si~ aqtiur
monawileobas iRebs Jurnalistebis treningSi msoflios mraval qveyanaSi. misi
saxelmZRvanelo principebi Targmnilia ara erT enaze da JurnalistebisTvis
eTikis araoficialuri kodeqsis saxe miiRo.
`bi-bi-si~-s saxelmZRvanelo principebis miznebisTvis, bavSvebs ganekuTvnebian

adamianebi 15 wlamde, xolo 15, 16 da 17 wlis adamianebi ukve axalgazrdebi
arian. Tumca es ar aris iuridiuli gansazRvra da gansxvavdeba gaeros bavSvis
uflebaTa konvenciaSi mocemulisgan, romlis mixedviTac bavSvad iTvleba
adamiani 18 wlamde. es asakobrivi gansxvaveba SeiZleba bavSvis uflebebis
damcvelebsa da romelime Jurnalists Soris davis safuZveli gaxdes. garda
amisa, es erT-erTi im sakiTxTagania, romlebic axali ambebis konteqstSi unda
iqnes ganxiluli.
`bi-bi-si~-s saxelmZRvanelo principebSi naTqvamia:

`bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi Zalian mniSvnelovani arian `bi-bi-si~-sTvis. Cveni
mizania, mivawodoT maT mravalmxrivi, SemecnebiTi, gasarTobi da saintereso
Sinaarsis mqone gadacemebi, raTa davexmaroT, ukeT gaicnon msoflio, sadac
cxovroben. isini mravali sxvadasxva gziT urTierTqmedeben CvenTan –
rogorc Jurnalistebi, msaxiobebi da wamyvanebi, urTierTqmedeben aseve Cveni
internetis da interaqtiuli samsaxurebis meSveobiT.
`yovelTvis advili ar aris balansis dacva Cveni gadacemebis monawile bavSvebis,

maTi mSoblebisa Tu auditoriis urTierTsawinaaRmdego interesebs Soris. Cven
mudmivad unda vicavdeT im bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis keTildReobasa da
usafrTxoebas, romlebsac Tavisi wvlili SeaqvT Cvens gadacemebSi, sadac ar
unda vimyofebodeT, rac gulisxmobs maT uflebasac, ilaparakon Tavisuflad
da monawileoba miiRon sxvadasxva movlenaSi.~
zogierTma organizaciam, romelTa muSaoba mimarTulia bavSvebisken,

Camoayaliba Sesabamisi saxelmZRvanelo principebi mediisTvis. magaliTad,
ìunisefi~ gvTavazobs saxelmZRvanelo principebs, romlebic, misi azriT,
daxmarebas gauwevs medias, iseTi sifrTxiliTa da delikaturobiT gaaSuqos
bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, rogorc es maT asaks Seesabameba. aRniSnuli
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saxelmZRvanelo principebi mimarTulia eTikurobis saukeTeso ganzraxvebis

dacvisken – emsaxuro sazogadoebis interesebs ise, rom ramenairad ar
SeizRudos bavSvebis uflebebi. es principebia:
1. aucilebelia TiToeuli bavSvis Rirsebisa da uflebebis pativiscema

yvelanair pirobebSi.
2. bavSvebisgan intervius aRebisas da maTze masalebis momzadebisas
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda daeTmos TiToeuli bavSvis uflebas
konfidencialurobaze, maTi azris mosmenaze, maT Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebis
miRebaSi monawileobaze da zianis miyenebisa da SurisZiebisgan, maT Soris
zianis miyenebisa da SurisZiebis SesaZleblobisgan dacvaze.
3. TiToeuli bavSvis WeSmariti interesebis dacvas unda mieniWos upirvelesi
mniSvneloba nebismier sxva sakiTxTan SedarebiT, maT Soris bavSvebTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis lobirebisa da bavSvis uflebaTa xelSewyobasTan
SedarebiT.
4. bavSvis WeSmariti interesebis gansazRvrisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
unda mieqces bavSvis uflebas, mxedvelobaSi iqnes miRebuli misi
Sexeduleba misi asakisa da simwifis gaTvaliswinebiT.
5. bavSvis situaciasTan yvelaze axlos mdgom da mis sakiTxebSi kargad
garkveul adamianebTan unda Catardes konsultaciebi nebismieri
reportaJis politikur, socialur Tu kulturul Sedegze.
6. arasodes unda gamoqveyndes raime iseTi ambavi an foto, romelmac
SeiZleba riskis qveS moaqcios bavSvi, misi da-Zma an Tanatolebi, maSinac
ki, roca maTi vinaoba Secvlilia, daukonkretebelia an sulac ar aris
moxseniebuli.
saxelmZRvanelo principebi JurnalistebisTvis, romlebic maT unda gamoiyenon

bavSvebisgan intervius aRebisas, bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qselmac
Camoayaliba.
bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli: eTikuri saxelmZRvanelo

principebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebisaTvis
 arasodes gamoaqveynoT raime iseTi siuJeti an foto, romelmac SeiZleba

riskis qveS moaqcios bavSvi, misi da-Zma an Tanatolebi, maSinac ki, roca
maTi vinaoba Secvlilia, daukonkretebelia an sulac ar aris moxseniebuli;
 nu miayenebT raime zians bavSvs; moerideT iseT kiTxvebs an komentarebs,
romlebic SeiZleba sadavo aRmoCndes kulturuli TvalsazrisiT da
romlebic bavSvs Seuqmnis safrTxes, daucvels gaxdis Seuracxyofisgan an
gaaRviZebs masSi tkivils da wuxils, gamowveuls travmuli movlenebiT;
77
 interviusTvis bavSvis SerCevisas nu mimarTavT diskriminacias sqesis, rasis,

asakis, rwmenis, mdgomareobis, ganaTlebis an fizikuri SesaZleblobebis
niSniT;
 moerideT stereotipebis gamoyenebas da sensaciur prezentacias im
Jurnalisturi masalis popularizebis mizniT, romelic bavSvebs exeba;
 moerideT inscenirebas: ar sTxovoT bavSvs im ambebis moyola an gansaxiereba,
romlebic piradad mis cxovrebaSi ar momxdara;
 darwmundiT, rom bavSvma da misma meurvem ician, rom esaubrebian
korespondents. auxseniT intervius mizani da Tanamimdevroba;
 intervius aRebis, videoCanaweris gakeTebisa da fotogadaRebebis
SemTxvevaSi miiReT nebarTva bavSvisa da misi meurvisgan. roca es
SesaZlebelia, nebarTva unda iyos werilobiTi. nebarTva imisTvisaa saWiro,
rom uzrunvelyoT bavSvis da misi meurvis interviuSi Zaldautaneblad
monawileoba. isini unda aTviTcnobierebdnen, rom im siuJetis moqmedi
pirebi arian, romelic SeiZleba gaSuqdes adgilobrivad da globalurad;
 SezRudeT korespondentebisa da fotografebis raodenoba. ecadeT, rom
intervius msvlelobisas bavSvebi komfortulad grZnobdnen Tavs da ar
ganicdidnen zewolas;
 yovelTvis zustad gadmoeciT bavSvis Sesaxeb siuJetis an fotos konteqsti;
 yovelTvis SecvaleT vinaoba da dafareT grafikuli gamosaxuleba im
bavSvisa, romelic aris
a) seqsualuri Zaladobis an eqspluataciis msxverpli;
b) damnaSave fizikur an seqsualur ZaladobaSi;
g) aiv matarebeli an cxovrobs Sids-iT daavadebul adamianebTan, Tu
amis uflebas ar mogcemT bavSvi, misi mSobeli an meurve;
d) danaSaulSi eWvmitanili an msjavrdebuli.
 sxva bavSvebTan an/da ufrosebTan (sasurvelia orivesTan) gasaubrebis
gziT darwmundiT bavSvis monaTxrobis sizusteSi;
 Tu eWvobT, rom bavSvs safrTxe emuqreba, moyeviT bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli

zogadi situaciis Sesaxeb da ara konkretuli bavSvisa, ramdenad
sensaciuric unda iyos ambavi.
mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi saqarTveloSi

saqarTveloSi mediis angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi uaxles warsulSi
Camoyalibda. moqmedi sistema iyofa or kategoriad, savaldebulod Sesasrulebel
qcevis wesebad, romlis ukanac dgas saxelmwifoebrivi instituti, saqarTvelos
konumikaciebis erovnuli komisiis saxiT, da JurnalistTa nebayoflobiTi
gaerTianeba – qartia.
78
garda amisa, saqarTveloSi moqmedi mediasaSualebebi amkvidreben sakuTar

eTikur standartebs, romlis Sesruleba iq dasaqmebuli Jurnalistis Sromis
xelSekrulebis ganuyofeli nawili xdeba. magaliTad, sazogadoebrivi
mauwyeblisa da gazeT “baTumelebis” eTikis kodeqsebi.
`mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsiT~ arasrulwlovanTa gaSuqebis standartebi

mimovixileT pirveli nawilis meore TavSi àdamianis uflebebi saqarTvelos
kanonmdeblobaSi~.5
rac Seexeba Jurnalistebis eTikis qartias, is miiRes da daamtkics im pirebma,

romlebic dasaqmebuli arian mediaSi. 2009 wlis 4 dekembers 138 Jurnalistma
moawera xeli eTikur standartebs, riTac nebayoflobiT aRiara am principebisadmi
erTguleba da maTi dacvis valdebuleba.
rogor muSaobs angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi?
angariSvaldebulebis sistemis efeqturobas mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs ori

faqtori:
1. moqalaqeTa aqtiuroba;
2. TviTregulirebis sistemis uflebamosilebis farglebi.
moqalaqeTa aqtiuroba vlindeba TviTregulirebis Sesabamis organoSi6
gancxadebebis an saCivrebis wardgeniT. mniSvnelovania, rom umetes SemTxvevaSi
TviTregulirebis organo ixilavs iseTi saxis darRvevebs, romlebic Tavisi
SinaarsiT sasamarTlos gansaxilveli ar aris. dava sasamarTlo ganxilvis
sagani SeiZleba gaxdes mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Juranlistma daarRvia
konkretuli piris uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi. magaliTad, `mauwyeblobis
Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis me-14 muxlis Tanaxmad TviTregulirebis
farglebSi Cadenili darRvevis SemTxvevaSi dainteresebul pirs ufleba
aqvs idavos mxolod am sistemis farglebSi. es gulisxmobs imas, rom sadavo
sakiTxis (an Tundac TviTregulirebis farglebSi miRebuli gadawyvetilebis)
gasaCivreba SeuZlebelia komunikaciebis erovnul komisiaSi an sasamarTloSi.
mocemuli wesidan arsebobs mxolod ori gamonaklisi. dava mauwyebelTa

TviTregulirebis sistemas SesaZlebelia gascdes, Tu mauwyebelma daarRvia
procedura, anu saCivris ganxilvis wesebi. agreTve, uxamsi masalis gavrcelebiT
dairRva saqarTvelos konstituciiT daculi sxva romelime ufleba. magaliTad,
piris pativi da Rirseba.
mauwyebelTa TviTregulirebis farglebSi momxdar darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT

mniSvnelovani precedentia saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis 2010
wlis 15 martis gadawyvetileba `teleimedis~ mier mauwyebelTa qcevis wesebis
darRvevasTan dakavSirebiT.
5 ix. zemoT
6 aq igulisxmeba komisiebi, saapelacio sabWoebi, qartiis sabWo da a.S. yvela is organo, romelic ixilavs
mediaeTikis wesebis darRvevis sakiTxebs. mniSvnelovania, rom yovel maTgans aqvs dadgenili wesebi,
romlebic gansazRvravs maT uflebamosilebas da romelTa dacviTac unda imoqmedon.
79
rac Seexeba, JurnalistTa eTikis qartiis sicocxlisunarianobasa da misi

pasuxismgeblobis xarisxs, masac mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs qartiis sabWo,
romelsac evaleba qartiis principebis darRvevasTan dakavSirebuli saCivrebis
ganxilva da gadawyvetilebis miReba. `teleimedis~ mier Cadenil darRvevasTan
dakavSirebiT sabWomac Seqmna saintereso precendenti 2010 wlis 25 marts.
aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba mniSvnelovania im TvalsazrisiT, rom qartiis sabWo,
komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiisgan gansxvavebiT, msjelobs ara mauwyeblis
mier Cadenil darRvevaze, aramed konkretuli Jurnalistis mier eTikuri
normebis dacvis sakiTxze.7
angariSvaldebulebis sistemebis umTavresi funqciaa masalis Seqmnis procesSi

eTikuri standartebis Sesruleba. es uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebisaTvis sando,
zusti da drouli informaciis miwodebas. garda amisa, Jurnalistebsa da
mediasaSualebebs aZlevs darRvevebis minimumde dayvanis SesaZleblobas.
damatebiTi literatura
 saqarTvelos kanoni `mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb~;
 saqarTvelos komunikaciebis erovnuli komisiis 2009 wlis 12 martis dadgenilebiT
damtkicebuli `mauwyebelTa qcevis kodeqsi~.
 saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTlos 2009 wlis 10 noembris
N 1/3/421,422 gadawyetileba saqmeze: `saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi – giorgi yifiani da
avTandil ungiaZe saqarTvelos parlamentis winaaRdeg~.
 www.gpb.ge
 www.mediasabcho.blogspot.com
 www.gncc.ge
Sefaseba
am nawilis dasawyisSi CamoTvlilia ramdenime ZiriTadi Sesaswavli Tema.

SegiZliaT upasuxoT qvemoT mocemul kiTxvebs? moqmedebis standartebi,
kanonebis msgavsad, moraluri normebis kodificirebis mcdelobaa. xandaxan
moraluri da eTikuri normebi erTmaneTs ewinaaRmdegeba. igive xdeba kanonebis
SemTxvevaSic. SegiZliaT moiyvanoT magaliTi, roca Tavisufali sityvisa da
presis Tavisuflebis ufleba ewinaaRmdegeba bavSvis uflebebs? romeli iqneboda
prioritetuli?
7 saqme exeboda 2010 wlis 13 marts telekompania ìmedis~ mier `modelirebuli qronikis~ eTerSi
gaSvebas, romelic warmoadgenda inscenirebas, Tumca kadrs ar axlda warwera inscenirebis Taobaze. am
gadawyvetilebis gacnoba SesaZlebelia qartiis blogze www.mediasabcho.blogspot.com
80
`qcevis kodeqsebi~, maik jemfsoni, “ze presuaiz trasti” (The PressWise Trust):
http://www.mediawise.org.uk/display_page.php?id=792
ìunisefi~: `bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli Temebis eTikuri gziT gaSuqebis principebi~:

http://www.presswise.org.uk/display page.php?id=594
profesional JurnalistTa sazogadoeba; eTikis kodeqsi:
http://www.spj.org/ethiccode.asp
`vin aris pasuxismgebeli kontrolze?~ _ saxelmZRvanelo globaluri mediis pirobebSi azris

Tavisuflad gamoxatvis uflebisTvis Seqmnili safrTxeebis Temaze mrgvali magidis garSemo
diskusiisTvis, JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia, 2005.
`bavSvTa uflebebi da media~: JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi

da principebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas:
http://www.ifj.org/default.asp?index=192&language=EN
JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia: http://www.ifj.org/
`Jurnalistebis eTika~, riCard qibli, London: Routledge, 2001.
`mediis eTika da angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi~, klod-Jan bertrani, tranzeqSen pabliSerzi

(Transaction Publishers), 2000.
`globaluri Jurnalistika: ZiriTadi sakiTxebi da mediasistemebi~. arnold de biri da jon si.

merili, Allyn & Bacon, 2003.
81
danarTebi
`bi-bi-si~-s saredaqcio principebi bavSvebis gaSuqebasTan

dakavSirebiT
programaze muSaobis, misi eTerSi gaSvebis an internetSi ganTavsebis dros unda

uzrunvelvyoT, rom daculi iyos 18 wlamde adamianebis, gansakuTrebiT ki 15
wlamde asakis bavSvebis Rirseba, aseve maTi fizikuri da emociuri keTildReoba,
miuxedavad maTi an maTi mSoblebis, meurveebis an mSoblebis magieri sxva pirebis
Tanxmobisa.
unda uzrunvelvyoT, rom bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis programebSi CarTvam ar

gamoiwvios maTi aRelveba an daTrgunva. maTi CarTva saredaqcio TvalsazrisiT
unda iyos sruliad gamarTlebuli da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi maT daxmareba
unda gaewios.
Cven unda davabalansoT Cveni pasuxismgebloba _ davicvaT bavSvebi da

axalgazrdebi Seuferebeli Tanxmobis micemisgan da, amave dros, SevunarCunoT
azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvisa da informaciis Tavisuflad miRebis ufleba.
bavSvebi da Tanxmoba
bavSvebis da 18 wlamde axalgazrdebisgan intervius asaRebad unda movipovoT

Tanxmoba maTi mSoblebis, kanonieri meurveebis an mSoblebis magieri pirebisgan.
rac ufro mcirewlovani da daucvelia bavSvi da rac ufro delikaturia misi
istoria, miT ufro aucilebeli xdeba Tanxmoba. kerZod, Tanxmobis gareSe
dauSvebelia, vTxovoT bavSvebs, gviambon TavianTi Sexedulebebi iseT sakiTxebze,
romlebic scildeba maT SesaZleblobas, gagvcen saTanado pasuxi.
programis Sinaarsze pasuxismgebelma adamianma, romelic Tavis produqciaSi

apirebs bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis CarTvas:
• unda uzrunvelyos, rom bavSvs da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, mis mSobels/

meurves an 18 wlis an ufrosi asakis adamians, vinc misi mSoblis magivrobas
asrulebs, esmodes programis Sinaarsi da gacnobierebulad SeeZlos
Tanxmobis micema;
• unda moipovos Tanxmoba bavSvis an axalgazrdisgan, xolo uaris SemTxvevaSi
pativi sces mis gadawyvetilebas. imis gadawyvetisas, SeuZlia Tu ara
bavSvs interviuze Tanxmobis micema, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli
misi ganviTarebis done, asaki da informaciis gaTviTcnobierebis unari.
• programaSi bavSvis monawileobasTan an TanamSromlobasTan dakavSirebiT,
Cveulebriv, unda moipovos mSoblis/meurvis/mSoblis magieri sxva
adamianis Tanxmoba, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca bavSvi monawileobs
gadacemaSi iseT araproblemur sakiTxebze, rogoricaa, vTqvaT, jibis
fuli an sayvareli momRerali.
82
• roca mSobeli uars ambobs Tanxmobis gacemaze, unda mimarTos maRali

rangis redaqtors an, damoukidebeli telekompaniis SemTxvevaSi, mTavar
redaqtors an gamoSvebis redaqtors, romlebmac problemis gadasaWrelad
unda gamoiyenon saredaqcio politika. nebismieri gadawyvetileba mSoblis
Tanxmobis gareSe bavSvis an axalgazrdis monawileobis gagrZelebasTan
dakavSirebiT mxolod maSin aris dasaSvebi, Tu es SemTxveva sazogadoebrivi
interesis sagania, an Tu irRveva bavSvis an axalgazrdis ufleba,
Tavisuflad gamoxatos da gamoTqvas sakuTari azri.
• unda uzrunvelyos, rom bavSvs ganemartos misi monawileobis nebismieri
savaraudo Sedegebi, magaliTad, masze zewolis SesaZlebloba.
• finansurad ar unda daainteresos bavSvi an misi mSobeli/meurve Tanxmobis
miRebis mizniT. xarjebis anazRaureba dasaSvebia mxolod maSin, Tu isini
dasabuTebuli da kanonieria.
• bavSvebis gadaRebisas skolis SenobaSi an saswavlo periodSi unda
aiRos nebarTva ufrosi maswavleblisgan. kanonis mixedviT, saswavlo
mecadineobebis saaTebSi nebismieri gadaRebis nebarTvas gascemen
ganaTlebis adgilobrivi uflebamosili organoebi.
Tu bavSvs piradi informaciis mowodebas internetis meSveobiT vTxovT, unda

movifiqroT, mSoblis mxridan, ra saxis Tanxmoba iqneba Sesaferisi.
nebismieri SemoTavazeba, romelic exeba bavSvis piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb

informaciis mesame mxarisTvis Tanxmobis gareSe gadacemas, magaliTad, im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu veWvobT, rom bavSvze Zaladoba ganxorcielda, unda ecnobos redaqciis
maRali Tanamdebobis pirs, xolo damoukidebel telekompaniaSi _ gamoSvebis
redaqtors, romelic aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT konsultacias
gaivlis saredaqcio politikis zedamxedvelTan da programis iuridiul
konsultantTan.
bavSvis satelefono interviuze mowvevis SemTxvevaSi unda vTxovoT mas,

darekvamde aiRos nebarTva mSoblisgan an saubris safasuris gadamxdeli
pirisgan. gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, roca satelefono saubari grZeldeba erT
wuTze met xans, Setyobineba unda daiwyos imiT, rom bavSvs ecnobos, rom saWiroa
Tanxmobis miReba. bavSvebTan dakavSirebul yvela samsaxurSi unda gamoiyenebodes
satelefono saubrebis gawyveta, xolo bavSvebis momsaxurebasTan dakavSirebuli
satelefono zarebis Rirebuleba, Cveulebriv, ar unda aRematebodes werilis
moweris xarjebs.
bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis monawileoba

unda gaviTvaliswinoT yvelanairi zemoqmedeba da SesaZlo Sedegi, romelic
SeiZleba mohyves bavSvis monawileobas raime masalaSi, iqneba es mzadebis
procesi Tu masalis gamoqveynebis Semdgomi periodi. es exeba yvela SemTxvevas,
miuxedavad imisa, miRebulia Tu ara mSoblis Tanxmoba.
83
bavSvebs xSirad uxariaT programebSi monawileoba. Tumca imis gamo, rom ara
aqvT sakmarisad ganviTarebuli gansjis unari, ver xvdebian, Tu ra gavlena
SeiZleba iqonios maT cxovrebaze maTi istoriis gamoqveynebam. bavSvebis
asocialuri qmedebebis gaSuqebisas, saukeTeso midgomis gamosaZebnad da
stresis minimumamde dasayvanad, unda gaviTvaliswinoT eqspertTa azri.
gansakuTrebiT iseTi qmedebebis gaSuqebisas, rogorebicaa narkotikuli
nivTierebebis moxmareba, Zaladoba, kvebasTan dakavSirebuli darRvevebi da
fizikuri Tu fsiqologiuri zewola.
xSirad mizanSewonilia, rom mtkivneuli sakiTxis ganxilvisas bavSvs axldes mesame

piri _ naTesavi, ojaxis megobari an maswavlebeli. es niSnavs, rom bavSvTan iqneba
adamiani, romelsac is icnobs da romelic daexmareba misi interesebis dacvaSi.
unda uzrunvelvyoT, rom bavSvebs da axalgazrdebs hqondeT TavianTi saTqmelis

gamoxatvis saSualeba, magram imaSic unda davrwmundeT, rom maTi naTqvami simarTles
Seesabameba, rom isini ar cdiloben movlenis gazviadebas, vinmes saameblad araswori
informaciis mowodebas an Woris faqtad gasaRebas. uyuradRebod ar unda darCes
sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli an antisocialuri qceva.
anonimuroba
rTuli eTikuri sakiTxi wamoiWreba, rodesac unda gadavwyvitoT, asocialuri
an kriminaluri qcevis SemTxvevaSi ra aris bavSvis interesSi: misi vinaobis
gamJRavneba Tu anonimurobis dacva. rogorc wesi, aseTi qcevis asaxvisas ar
unda gavamJRavnoT bavSvis vinaoba movlenis ilustrirebis mizniT, garda im
SemTxvevebisa, roca bavSvis vinaobis gamJRavnebas safuZvlad udevs mkafio
saredaqcio dasabuTeba. aseT dros, Tu darwmunebuli ara xarT, rogor moiqceT,
yovelTvis mimarTeT redaqciis maRali Tanamdebobis pirs an, damoukidebel
telekompaniaSi, gamoSvebis redaqtors.
asocialuri qcevis SemTxvevaSi bavSvis identificirebasTan dakavSirebuli

yvela sakiTxi SeTanxmebuli unda iyos programis iuridiul konsultantTan.
im bavSvis CarTva programaSi, gadaReba da vinaobis gamJRavneba, romlis
mSoblebic CarTulni arian asocialur da kriminalur saqmianobaSi, SesaZlebelia
mxolod maSin, Tu amiT bavSvis keTildReobas safrTxe ar daemuqreba da Tu es
dasabuTebulia saredaqcio politikiT. amas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs,
rodesac bavSvebs SeiZleba raime safrTxe emuqrebodeT, magaliTad, rodesac
bavSvi loT mSoblebTan cxovrobs an rodesac mas aiZuleben, Seasrulos
narkokurieris roli.
bavSvebis dacva internetSi
Cveni mizania, uzrunvelvyoT, rom uaxlesi teqnologiiT sargeblobisas bavSvebi

da axalgazrdebi acnobierebdnen SesaZlo riskebs da icodnen, rogor Seamciron
es riskebi. bavSvTa dacva internetSi `bi-bi-si~-s, mSoblis/meurvis da bavSvis
erToblivi pasuxismgeblobaa.
84
bavSvisTvis Seuferebelia internet-sivrce, sadac ucxo pirebs SeuZliaT

informaciis gacvla-gamocvla, Tu ar aris xelmisawvdomi cifruli
identifikaciis saimedo meTodi. es saWiroa imisaTvis, rom SeuZlebelia
internetis momxmarebeli bavSvis dacva. nebismieri sapirispiro SeTavazeba unda
ecnobos axali mediisa da teqnologiis direqtors.
sifrTxile gvmarTebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ra raodenobis personalur

informacias SevagrovebT, SevinaxavT da gamovaqveynebT `bi-bi-si~-s vebgverdze
bavSvebze. informaciis didi moculobiT gamoqveynebam SeiZleba safrTxe
Seuqmnas bavSvs.
bavSvebi, internetSi ganTavsebuli masalebis Sinaarsi da bmulebi

unda uzrunvelvyoT, rom is vebgverdebi, romlebsac savaraudod bevri bavSvi
da axalgazrda estumreba, maTi asakisTvis Sesabamisi Sinaarsis matarebeli iyos.
kerZod:
• `bi-bi-sis~ sawyis vebgverdze ganTavsebuli nebismieri informacia misaRebi

unda iyos farTo sazogadoebisTvis, aseve bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisTvis.
`bi-bi-sis~ sawyisi vebgverdidan erTi dawkapunebiT SeuZlebeli unda
iyos iseTi Sinaarsis gverdze gadasvla, romelic miuRebelia farTo
sazogadoebisTvis;
• samauwyeblo vebgverdze, romelic izidavs bavSvebsa da mozardebs, ar
unda iyos miTiTebuli iseTi samauwyeblo bmuli, romlis radio- an
teleprograma moicavs bavSvebisTvis Seuferebel Sinarss.
• sawyis vebgverdze pirdapir gaSvebuli satelevizio kadrebi misaRebi unda
iyos ojaxuri auditoriisTvis;
• Cven unda vamowmebdeT mesame mxareebis internetgverdebs da imas, Tu sad
SeiZleba iqidan gadasvla;
• bavSvebis auditoriisTvis ar unda ganvaTavsoT iseTi `CeTis~ bmuli,
romelsac ar hyavs moderatori.
• Cven moderatorobas vuwevT bavSvebisTvis mimzidvel vebgverdebs,
sadac informacia momxmareblebis mieraa gamoqveynebuli, da, aseve,
internetsivrceebs, sadac momxmareblebs sTavazoben suraTis gamogzavnas
misi gamoqveynebis mizniT.
Jurnalistebis statusi da Jurnalisturi eTika: JurnalistTa

saerTaSoriso federaciis principebi
1. zogadi principebi
1.1 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacias, romelic warmoadgens 450 000-ze met

Jurnalists 100-ze meti qveynidan, miaCnia, rom Tavisufal da damoukidebel
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profkavSirebSi organizebuli profesionali Jurnalistebi gadamwyvet

rols TamaSoben demokratiuli mediakulturis ganviTarebaSi.
1.2 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis rwmeniT, demokratiis ganviTareba

damokidebulia azris gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis da sazogadoebrivi
samarTlis sazRvrebis gafarToebaze. demokratiis ganviTarebas gansazRvravs
demokratiul sazogadoebaSi mediis gansakuTrebuli rolis gacnobiereba.
1.3 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacias miaCnia, rom mediam pativi unda sces
presis Tavisuflebis profesiul, eTikur principebs, rasTanac pirdapir
kavSirSia azris gamoxatvis Tavisufleba.
JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia presis Tavisuflebas Semdegnairad

gansazRvravs:
ès aris SezRudvebisgan gaTavisufleba, rac aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom

Jurnalistebs, redaqtorebs, gamomcemlebsa da mauwyeblobebs mieceT
SesaZlebloba, gazardon sazogadoebrivi interesi faqtebis gamoqveynebis,
gaSuqebisa Tu gavrcelebis meSveobiT, ris gareSec demokratiul eleqtorats
ar SeuZlia pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse gadawyvetilebebis miReba.~
JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis azriT, am Tavisuflebis gamoxatva
mxolod iq aris SesaZlebeli,
a) sadac arsebobs Tavisufali, pluralisturi media, romelic gamoxatavs

sxvadasxva azrs;
b) sadac arsebobs informaciis Tavisufali nakadi, rac SesaZlebels xdis
informaciis demokratiul gacvla-gamocvlas sazogadoebis nebismier
fenebs Soris, geografiuli sazRvrebis, eTnikuri warmomavlobis,
faseulobebisa Tu enis miuxedavad;
g) sadac moqalaqeebis mier informaciis Tavisuflad miRebis ufleba
kanoniT aris daculi;
d) sadac pativs scemen Jurnalistebis profesiul statuss da maT
damoukidebel rols.
1.4 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacias miaCnia, rom axali ambebisa da

informaciisadmi, rogorc moxmarebis sagnisadmi, damokidebuleba ar unda
uSlides xels Jurnalistis movaleobas, miawodos auditorias informacia
da rom media unda imarTebodes sajaroobis da gamWirvalobis umaRlesi
standartebiT.
1.5 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacias miaCnia, rom sajaro da kerZo

mauwyeblobis Tanaarseboba icavs Tavisuflebas, pluralizms da programebis
mravalferovnebas sazogadoebis yvela fenis sasargeblod.
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1.6 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia adasturebs, rom Jurnalisturi

eTikis dacva da maRali standartebis uzrunvelyofa mediis profesionalebis
pasuxismgeblobaa.
1.7 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis Rrma rwmeniT, kanoni ar unda

ereodes im sakiTxebSi, romlebic Jurnalistebis uSualo pasuxismgeblobas
warmoadgens, kerZod, informaciis momzadebaSi, SerCevasa da gadacemaSi.
2. profesiis miReba
2.1 profesiis miReba Tavisufali unda iyos. momavali Jurnalistis profesiuli

done rac SeiZleba maRali unda iyos.
2.2 staJiorma Jurnalistma unda gaiaros saTanado treningi gamomcemlebisa da

Jurnalistebis profkavSirebTan SeTanxmebuli pirobebis Sesabamisad.
2.3 Tanamdebobaze unda dainiSnon mxolod kvalificiuri Jurnalistebi,

anu adamianebi, romlebsac aqvT minimaluri profesiuli kvalifikacia,
dadasturebuli Jurnalistebis profkavSiris da mediis organizaciebis
mier. amgvari Jurnalistebi kvalificiurad koleqtiuri xelSekrulebebiT
unda iqnen aRiarebulni. damqiraveblebi aRiareben, rom im sazogadoebis
asaxva, romelsac emsaxurebian, zogadad mediis, kerZod ki damqiraveblis
movaleobaa.
3. sindisi
3.1 Jurnalistebs unda hqondeT maTi sindisis Sesabamisad moqmedebis ufleba.

damqiraveblis politikuri, filosofiuri an religiuri msoflmxedvelobis
fundamenturi cvlilebis SemTxvevaSi Jurnalists unda hqondes ufleba,
gaufrTxileblad Sewyvitos kontraqti da miiRos iseTive kompensacia,
ramdensac damqiravebeli gadauxdida kontraqtis Tavisi iniciativiT
gawyvetis SemTxvevaSi.
3.2 damqiravebelma an damqiraveblis saxeliT moqmedma romelime pirma ar

unda miuTiTos arc erT Jurnalists iseTi qmedebis Cadena, romelic,
Jurnalistis azriT, xelyofs mis profesiul eTikas, romelic gansazRvrulia
Jurnalistebis mier miRebul eTikis kodeqsSi, an arRvevs JurnalistTa
saerTaSoriso federaciis mier damtkicebul Jurnalisturi qcevis
principebis kodeqss. arc erTi Jurnalisti ar unda daisajos sakuTari
sindisis Tanaxmad moqmedebis uflebis dacvis gamo.
4. saredaqcio damoukidebloba
4.1 masobrivi informaciis yvela saSualebaSi daculi unda iyos saredaqcio

damoukideblobis saerTo minimaluri standartebi.
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4.2 aRniSnuli minimaluri standartebi unda asaxavdes:
 im faqts, rom redaqciis TanamSromlebi warmoadgenen redaqciebisa da

mauwyeblobebis moralur da inteleqtualur kapitals;
 saredaqcio sabWos uflebas, masTan SeTanxmdes gadawyvetilebebi,
romlebic gavlenas axdens:
o ufrosi redaqtoris daniSvnasa da ganTavisuflebaze;
o saredaqcio politikisa da gazeTis/mauwyeblobis Sinaarsis
gansazRvraze;
o sakadro politikaze;
o saredaqcio departamentSi Jurnalistebs Soris davalebebis
ganawileba/cvlilebaze;
 saredaqcio sabWos uflebas, gamoTqvas Tavisi mosazreba saredaqcio
politikasTan dakavSirebuli saCivrebis Sesaxeb;
 Jurnalistis uflebas, uari Tqvas davalebaze, Tu es davaleba daarRvevs
Jurnalistis profesiul eTikas, romelic Camoyalibebulia qcevis
kodeqsSi;
 saredaqcio kolegiis uflebas, airidos mesame mxareTa menejmentis
mxridan saredaqcio SinaarsSi Carevis SesaZlebloba;
 evropis Jurnalistebis uflebas, miiRon Tanabari anazRaureba da iyvnen
Tanasworni karieruli zrdis TvalsazrisiT;
 saCivrebis SemTxvevaSi saredaqcio sabWo, ufrosi redaqtori da menejmenti
atareben molaparakebas, romelSic, arsebuli Sromis/presis kanonis
gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba monawileobdnen JurnalistTa asociaciebisa
da profkavSirebis warmomadgenlebi.
5. TviTregulireba da Jurnalisturi eTika
5.1 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacias miaCnia, rom eTikis an qcevis

kodeqsebi unda Seiqmnas Tavad Jurnalistebis mier.
5.2 JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis mier 1954 wels Camoyalibebuli

qcevis pirveli kodeqsi gvacnobs eTikis principebs, romlebic miRebulia
evropis yvela saxelmwifos Jurnalistur organizaciaTa warmomadgenlebis
mier. Sesabamisad, JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis qcevis kodeqsi
iZleva baziss Jurnalistebisa da gamomcemlebis mier eTikuri sakiTxebis
saerTo gagebisaTvis (rac nebayoflobiT xasiaTs atarebs). JurnalistTa
saerTaSoriso federacias miaCnia, rom am sferoSi saxelmwifoTa mTavrobebi
ver Seasruleben aqtiur rols.
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JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis deklaracia Jurnalisturi

qcevis principebis Sesaxeb
winamdebare saerTaSoriso deklaracia gamocxadebulia profesiuli saqmianobis

standartad JurnalistebisTvis, romlebic movlenebis aRweris mizniT agroveben,
gadascemen, komentars ukeTeben da avrceleben axal ambebsa da informacias.
1. Jurnalistis upirvelesi movaleobaa, pativi sces simarTles da

sazogadoebis uflebas, icodes simarTle;
2. aRniSnuli movaleobis Sesrulebisas, informaciis patiosani gziT
Segrovebisa da gamoqveynebis procesSi, Jurnalistma yovelTvis unda daicvas
Tavisuflebis principi da samarTliani komentarisa da kritikis ufleba;
3. Jurnalistma movlenebis Sesaxeb unda ganacxados mxolod im faqtebze
dayrdnobiT, romelTa warmoSobis wyaro misTvis cnobilia. man ar unda
dafaros an gaayalbos dokumentebi;
4. informaciis, fotoebisa da dokumentebis Segrovebisas Jurnalistma
mxolod samarTliani meTodebi unda gamoiyenos;
5. Tu Jurnalistma aRmoaCina, rom gamoqveynebuli informacia arasworia,
rasac zianis motana SeuZlia, man unda mimarTos yvela SesaZlo
gamosasworebel zomas;
6. konfidencialurad mopovebuli informaciis SemTxvevaSi Jurnalistma
unda daicvas informaciis wyaros anonimuroba;
7. Jurnalists gaTviTcnobierebuli unda hqondes mediis mier diskriminaciis
gaRvivebis saSiSroeba. man yvelaferi unda gaakeTos imisaTvis, rom xeli
ar Seuwyos diskriminacias rasis, sqesis, seqsualuri orientaciis, enis,
religiis, politikuri xedvis, erovnuli da socialuri warmoSobis niSniT;
8. Jurnalistma seriozul profesiul danaSaulad unda miiCnios:
 plagiati;
 informaciis Segnebulad damaxinjebulad gadmocema;
 Worebi, reputaciis Selaxva, diskreditacia, usafuZlo
dadanaSauleba;
 nebismieri saxis qrTamis miReba informaciis damalvis an
gamoqveynebis mizniT;
9. Jurnalistebma, romlebic Rirsni arian, erqvaT Jurnalistis saxeli,

zemoT CamoTvlili principebis Sesruleba Tavis valdebulebad unda
CaTvalon. TiToeuli qveynis zogadi kanonmdeblobis farglebSi
Jurnalistebi profesiul sakiTxebSi unda aRiarebdnen mxolod
kolegebis avtoritets da ar unda uSvebdnen mTavrobebis an sxva
pirebis mxridan raime saxis Carevas.
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miRebulia JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciis 1954 wlis msoflio

kongresze. Sesworebulia 1986 wlis msoflio kongresze.
saqarTvelos Jurnalisturi eTikis qartia
preambula
sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisufleba adamianis erT–erTi ZiriTadi uflebaa.
Jurnalistis nebismieri profesiuli ufleba-movaleoba gamomdinareobs
sazogadoebis uflebidan, iyos informirebuli movlenebisa da Tvalsazrisebis
Sesaxeb.
qartia efuZneba evropis sabWos „adamianis ZiriTad uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa

evropuli konvenciis” me–10 muxlsa da „Jurnalistebis saerTaSoriso federaciis“
mier aRiarebul „Jurnalistebis qcevis principebis deklaracias“. es principebi
profesiuli qcevis standartad damkvidrda im JurnalitebisTvis, romlebic
moipoveben, gadascemen da avrceleben informaciasa da komentarebs mimdinare
movlenebze.
saqarTvelos mediis warmomadgenlebi vcnobT da vaRiarebT qvemoT CamoTvlili
principebis dacvis valdebulebas da am valdebulebasTan dakavSirebul
pasuxismgeblobas. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis farglebSi, profesiul sakiTxebs
mxolod Cvenive kolegebis uflebamosilebad ganvixilavT da gamovricxavT
xelisuflebis an sxva Zalis nebismieri saxiT Carevas am uflebamosilebebis
ganxorcielebaSi.
1. Jurnalistma pativi unda sces simarTles da sazogadebis uflebas –

miiRos zusti informacia.
2. dauSvebelia Jurnalistis iZuleba, profesiuli saqmianobisas moiqces an

azri gamoxatos sakuTari sindisis winaaRmdeg.
3. Jurnalistma unda gadasces informacia mxolod im faqtebze dayrdnobiT,

romelTa wyaro dadasturebulia. Jurnalistma ar unda miCqmalos
mniSvnelovani faqtebi, ar unda gaayalbos dokumentebi da informacia.
4. informaciis, fotoebis an dokumentebis mopovebisas Jurnalistma mxolod

keTilsindisieri da samarTliani meTodebi unda gamoiyenos.
5. media valdebulia, Seasworos gamoqveynebuli arsebiTad arazusti

informacia, romelsac SecdomaSi Sehyavs sazogadoeba.
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6. Jurnalistis moraluri pasuxismgeblobaa, ar gaamJRavnos

konfidencialurad mopovebuli informaciis wyaro.
7. Jurnalists unda esmodes mediis mier diskriminaciis waxalisebis safrTxe;

amitom yvelaferi unda iRonos nebismieri piris diskriminaciis Tavidan
asacileblad rasis, sqesis, seqsualuri orientaciis, enis, religiis,
politikuri da sxva Sexedulebebis, erovnuli an socialuri warmoSobis
safuZvelze an raime sxva niSniT.
8. Jurnalisti valdebulia, daicvas bavSvis uflebebi; profesiuli

saqmianobisas upiratesi mniSvneloba mianiWos bavSvis interesebs, ar
moamzados da ar gamoaqveynos bavSvebis Sesaxeb iseTi statiebi an
reportaJebi, romlebic saziano iqneba maTTvis. Jurnalistma ar unda
CamoarTvas interviu da ar unda gadauRos foto 16 welze naklebi asakis
mozards mSoblis an meurvis Tanxmobis gareSe im sakiTxebze, romlebic
misi an sxva romelime mozardis keTildReobas exeba.
9. saredaqcio masalebi mkveTrad unda gaimijnos marketinguli, sareklamo

da sponsoris mier dafinansebuli masalebisagan.
10. Jurnalistma pativi unda sces adamianis pirad cxovrebas da ar SeiWras

pirad cxovrebaSi, Tu ar arsebobs gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi
interesi.
11. Jurnalistma umZimes profesiul danaSaulad unda miiCnios Semdegi

qmedebebi:
• faqtis ganzrax damaxinjeba;

• nebismieri saxis qrTamis, saCuqris an sxva sargeblis miReba
profesiul saqmianobaze gavlenis moxdenis sanacvlod;
• plagiati.
miRebulia 2009 wels

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2. bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi

 bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi. ras warmoadgens es strategiebi da ra Sexeba
aqvs maT JurnalistebTan?
 bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis SemuSaveba
 bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis gaziareba
 bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi da presis Tavisufleba
Jurnalistebi, romlebic am sferoSi muSaoben, unda icnobdnen bavSvTa dacvis

strategiebs, unda SeeZloT maTTan dakavSirebiT kritikuli recenziebis
momzadeba, unda uzrunvelyon kritikuli mosazrebebis gamoqveyneba da
monitoringi unda gauwion organizaciebsa da mTavrobas, raTa darwmundnen
strategiebis SesrulebaSi.
rogorc CvenTvis ukve cnobilia, gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi bavSvTa

dacvasTan dakavSirebuli yvelaze mniSvnelovani muxlebia:
 me-19 muxli, romelic iTvaliswinebs, rom bavSvebs ufleba aqvT, daculi

iyvnen bavSvze mzrunveli piris mxridan yvelanairi formis fizikuri
Tu sulieri Zaladobisagan, Seuracxyofisa Tu uflebis borotad
gamoyenebisagan, mzrunvelobis moklebisa Tu daudevari mopyrobisagan,
uxeSi moqcevisa Tu eqspluataciisagan, maT Soris seqsualuri
Zaladobisagan;
 me-12 muxli, romelic iTvaliswinebs sakuTari Sexedulebebis
Camoyalibebis unaris mqone bavSvis uflebas, Tavisuflad gamoTqvas
Tavisi Sexedulebebi nebismier sakiTxze, romelic mas exeba, da bavSvis
SexedulebebisTvis saTanado yuradRebis daTmobas misi asakisa da simwifis
Sesabamisad;
 dasasrul, me-3 muxli, romelic iTvaliswinebs, rom, roca organizaciebi
bavSvebTan dakavSirebul gadawyvetilebebs iReben, upirvelesi yuradReba
unda daeTmos bavSvis interesebis dacvis ukeT uzrunvelyofas.
bavSvTa dacva
bavSvTa dacva gulisxmobs bavSvebis dacvas rogorc ganzrax, aseve winaswari

ganzraxvis gareSe miyenebuli zianisagan. es gansakuTrebiT exeba organizaciebis
_ da aRniSnul organizaciebTan dakavSirebuli pirebis _ movaleobas maTi
mzrunvelobis qveS myofi bavSvebis mimarT. yvela organizaciis pasuxismgeblobaa,
yvelaferi gaakeTos imisaTvis, rom daicvas bavSvebi, romlebTanac urTierToba
aqvs, miuxedavad imisa, bavSvs zians organizaciis SigniT ayeneben Tu mis farglebs
gareT.
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yvelaze martivi formiT bavSvTa dacva gulisxmobs dacvas yvela bavSvis

uflebisa, ar miayenon ziani. es ufleba avsebs sxva uflebebs, romlebic
uzrunvelyofs, rom bavSvebma miiRon yvelaferi, rac maTi arsebobis,
ganviTarebisa da keTildReobisaTvis aris saWiro.
bavSvis dacva mTel rig mniSvnelovan da gansxvavebul sakiTxebs moicavs. bevri

iseTi sakiTxi, rogoricaa bavSvTa prostitucia, ekonomikur faqtorebTan
aris mWidrod dakavSirebuli. sxva sakiTxebi, magaliTad, ojaxSi an skolaSi
Zaladoba, ufro metad siRaribesTan, socialur faseulobebTan, normebTan
da tradiciebTan aris dakavSirebuli. xSirad saqme kriminalur qmedebebsac
exeba, magaliTad, bavSvebiT trefikingis dros. bavSvTa dacvasTan dakavSirebul
sxvadasxva aspeqts teqnologiuri progresic ki wamoWris. amaze bavSvTa
pornografiis qselis gafarToeba metyvelebs.
gaerTianebuli samefos organizacia `Caildhoup~ (ChildHope) aRwers bavSvebSi

Zaladobis/Seuracxyofis oTx tips:
TviTdazianeba: magaliTad, sakuTari Tavis ganzrax daWra an sakuTari TavisTvis

zianis miyeneba; Tavis mokvlis mcdeloba an Tavis mokvla.
Tanatolebis Seuracxyofa: magaliTad, daSineba (`bulingi~); fizikuri da

seqsualuri Zaladoba; jgufuri Zaladoba.
Zaladoba ufrosebis mxridan: magaliTad, ojaxSi Zaladoba (fizikuri,

fsiqologiuri, seqsualuri); fizikuri dasja skolebSi da organizaciebSi;
seqsualuri Zaladoba da eqspluatacia.
socialuri Zaladoba: socialuri, politikuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli

garemo, romelic aqtiurad an Sefarulad uwyobs xels Zaladobas bavSvebis mimarT,
magaliTad, politikuri kampaniebi, romlebic xels uwyobs quCis bavSvebisgan
quCebis `gawmendas~; religiebi da kulturebi, romlebic xels uwyoben bavSvebis
fizikur da damamcirebel dasjas, rogorc bavSvis aRzrdis miRebul praqtikas;
masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis mier Zaladobis faqtebis farTo gaSuqeba;
im kulturebis midgomebi, romlebic qadagebs ideebs, rom qalebi da bavSvebi
mamakacebis/mSoblebis `sakuTrebas~ warmoadgenen da ara adamianebs, romlebsac
sxvebis Tanaswori uflebebi aqvT.
bavSvebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli Zaladoba SeiZleba ganaxorcielon adamianebma

rogorc dawesebulebebSi (magaliTad, maswavleblebma, socialurma muSakebma,
mSoblebma, Tanatolebma, sponsorebma, moxaliseebma), ise dawesebulebebis
gareT (magaliTad, mSoblebma, policiam, gareSe maswavleblebma, maRaziebis
mepatroneebma, bandebma TemSi/sazogadoebaSi).
imis garda, rom dacvaze bavSvis uflebis darRveva adamianis uflebis

darRvevaa, igi bavSvis arsebobisa da ganviTarebisTvis farTod gavrcelebul
da bolomde gauTviTcnobierebel bariers warmoadgens. da piriqiT, roca bavSvis
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uflebebi kargad aris daculi, izrdeba imis Sansi, rom bavSvi fizikurad da
fsiqikurad janmrTel, Tavdajerebul da Rirseul pirovnebad Camoyalibdes
da naklebad savaraudoa, rom man sxvebis, maT Soris sakuTari Svilebis, mimarT
Caidinos Zaladoba an eqspluatacia gauwios vinmes.
bavSvis dacva msoflios yvela qveyanaSi aqtualuri sakiTxia:
 30-ze met qveyanaSi 300 000-ze meti jariskaci bavSvi, zogierTi maTgani
8 wlis, ganicdis eqspluatacias SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi. monacemebis
Tanaxmad, 1990 wlidan moyolebuli, uSualod SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis
Sedegad or milionze meti bavSvi daiRupa (es sakiTxi ufro detalurad
Semdgom mecadineobazea warmodgenili);
 erT milionze meti bavSvi msoflio masStabiT sapatimroebSia moTavsebuli
kanonTan konfliqtis gamo. marto centralur da aRmosavleT evropaSi
TiTqmis 1,5 milioni bavSvi imyofeba saxelmwifos mzrunvelobis qveS;
 13 milionze meti bavSvi msoflio masStabiT daoblebulia aiv/Sids-is
Sedegad;
 daaxloebiT 250 milioni bavSvia CarTuli bavSvTa SromaSi, xolo 180
milioni bavSvi saxifaTo situaciebSi an pirobebSi muSaobs;
 yovelwliurad 1,2 milioni bavSvi xdeba trefikingis msxverpli;
 1995 wlis monacemebiT yovelwliurad erTi milioni bavSvi emateba
komerciuli seqsis mravalmiliardian bizness (umetesad gogonebi, magram
bevri biWic). amJamad es cifri SeiZleba ufro maRali iyos;
 15 welze umcrosi asakis 40 milioni bavSvi ganicdis Zaladobas da
ugulebelyofas. isini janmrTelobis dacvas da socialur dacvas
saWiroeben.
roca bavSvebi daculi ar arian, es qveynis ganviTarebas uSlis xels da did

samomavlo danaxarjebsa da uaryofiT Sedegebs iwvevs adamianis mTeli cxovrebis
manZilze. vidre bavSvebi Zaladobas, Seuracxyofas da eqspluatacias ganicdian,
msoflio ver Seasrulebs bavSvebis winaSe nakisr valdebulebas; is aseve ver
ganaxorcielebs Tavis swrafvas ganviTarebisaken, rac iseT dokumentebSia
Camoyalibebuli, rogoricaa àTaswleulis programa~ da misi àTaswleulis
ganviTarebis miznebi~, ver Seasrulebs verc bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciiT
gaTvaliswinebul saxelmwifoTa valdebulebebs.
bavSvebze unda vrceldebodes adamianis yvela ufleba da, Sesabamisad, maT dacvas
unda axorcielebdes adamianis uflebaTa dacvis yvela meqanizmi saerTaSoriso
da regionul doneebze. es aseve exeba gaeros an adamianis uflebaTa regionul
organoebs (rogoricaa adamianis da xalxebis uflebaTa afrikis komisia) da
qveynebsac, sadac bavSvis ufleba dacvaze unda uzrunvelyon adamianis uflebaTa
dacvis iseTma meqanizmebma, rogoricaa konstituciuri sasamarTloebi.
mTavrobebs SeuZliaT uzrunvelyon, rom ZiriTadi wesebi Sevides kanonmdeblobaSi

da miiRon da danergon ufro yovlismomcveli da detaluri saxelmZRvanelo
miTiTebebi, romelTa Sesrulebas Sesabamisi profesiuli asociaciebi da
organoebi gauweven monitorings.
94
bavSvis uflebaTa ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso meqanizmia bavSvis uflebaTa

komiteti, romlis ZiriTadi funqciaa konvenciis monawile yvela saxelmwifos
mier periodulad warmosadgeni angariSebis ganxilva. es angariSebi unda
Seicavdes informacias kanonmdeblobis da sxva zomebis Sesaxeb, romlebic
saxelmwifom konvenciaSi aRiarebuli uflebebis xorcSesxmis mizniT
gaatara, maT Soris aRniSnuli uflebebis dacvisa da miRweuli warmatebebis
Sesaxeb.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifoebi valdebulni arian, daicvan

yvela bavSvi da akisriaT angariSvaldebuleba nebismier warumateblobaze.
magram samarTlebriv standartsa da mis ganxorcielebas Soris didi Seusabamoba
rCeba. es is sferoa, romelSic Jurnalistebs SeuZliaT Careva da kiTxvebis
dasma saxelmwifoTa angariSvaldebulebasTan dakavSirebiT.
bavSvis dacvis Zireuli mizania is, rom yvela im adamianma, romlis movaleobasac
bavSvebis dacva warmoadgens, aRiaros es movaleoba da SeZlos misi cxovrebaSi
gatareba. Jurnalistebma unda dasvan kiTxvebi im adamianebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac
davalebuli aqvT bavSvebis dacva. aqvT Tu ara maT saTanado momzadeba?
Semowmebulia, ramdenad sandoni arian?
eTikuri da samarTlebrivi imperativebis gaTvaliswinebiT bavSvTa dacva

sazogadoebis yovel doneze yoveli adamianis saqmea. bavSvTa dacvis valdebuleba
ekisreba saxelmwifoebs, mosamarTleebs, policias, maswavleblebs, eqimebs,
socialur muSakebs, jandacvis muSakebs, mSoblebs da medias. es movaleobebi
SeiZleba aisaxos samarTlebriv standartebSi, romlebsac saxelmwifo
praqtikulad ganaxorcielebs. isini aseve SeiZleba aisaxos mTavrobis mier
gakeTebul sxvadasxva arCevanSi, resursebis gamoyenebis CaTvliT. isini sul ufro
met asaxvas poveben maregulirebel normebSi da mediis organizaciebisaTvis
gankuTvnil saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebSi.
bavSvTa dacva organizaciebSi
bavSvTa dacva yvela im adamianis saqmea, vinc axalgazrdebTan muSaobs. is

miznad isaxavs yvela bavSvis da axalgazrdis keTildReobisa da usafrTxoebis
uzrunvelyofas. bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi xels uwyobs bavSvebisaTvis
usafrTxo organizaciebis Seqmnas, agreTve rTul situaciebTan dakavSirebuli
samarTlebrivi bazis Camoyalibebas. isini aseve xels uwyobs iseTi kulturis
damkvidrebas, romelSic gaTvaliswinebulia bavSvTa saWiroebebi, raTa
organizaciebma sakuTari saqmianoba bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis perspetividan
dainaxon.
`kargad Camoyalibebuli strategia gixelmZRvanelebT rTuli situaciebis

gadaWraSi. krizisis dros SeiZleba ufro Zneli iyos naTlad azrovneba. Tu
saimedo strategia geqnebaT, SeZlebT informaciaze dayrdnobiT imoqmedoT
da Tavidan aiciloT braldebebi mikerZoebul damokidebulebaSi romelime
monawilis sasargeblod an sawinaaRmdegod.~ (ECPAT avstralia).
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bevr organizacias bavSvTa dacvis sakuTari strategia aqvs, romelSic aRniSnul

sferoSi maTi saqmianoba da procedurebia aRwerili. bavSvTa samsaxurebs
ramdenime qveyanaSi gamocemuli aqvT saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi da es samsaxurebi
mouwodeben organizaciebs, romlebsac bavSvebTan da axalgazrdebTan kontaqti
aqvT, SeimuSaon bavSvTa dacvis strategia.
organizacia `Caild houpma~ (gaerTianebuli samefo) moamzada paketi bavSvTa dacvis

strategiebisa da procedurebis SemuSavebaSi organizaciebis dasaxmareblad.
am paketSi mocemulia bavSvTa dacvis ZiriTadi principebi da is etapebi,
romlebic saWiroa bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis SemuSavebis, ganxorcielebisa
da SefasebisaTvis. masSi CamoTvlilia eqvsi nabiji `bavSvebisaTvis usafrTxo
organizaciis~ Sesaqmnelad:
1. bavSvTa dacvisa da bavSvebze Zaladobis koncefciebis Seswavla;

2. imis gaanalizeba, Tu ratom sWirdeba organizacias bavSvTa dacvis
strategiebi da procedurebi;
3. bavSvTa dacvis strategiebisa da procedurebis efeqtiani SemuSavebisa da
ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiro saorganizacio principebis ganxilva;
4. rogor unda SemuSavdes politika da procedurebi organizaciaSi;
5. maT Soris maTi ganxorcielebis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi;
6. rogor unda gadailaxos organizaciebis winaSe warmoqmnili dabrkolebebi
da problemebi da maTi gadaWris SesaZlo gzebis ganxilva.
mediis bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi
medias SeuZlia, mniSvnelovani roli Seasrulos bavSvTa dacvis saqmeSi. pirvel

rigSi, mediis organizaciebs SeuZliaT ganaxorcielon bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi,
raTa miiRon zomebi sakuTari TanmSromlebis iseTi qcevis winaaRmdeg, romelsac
SeuZlia, safrTxe Seuqmnas bavSvis uflebebs. magaliTad, `bi-bi-si~ moiTxovs,
rom TanamSromlebma bavSvebTan da axalgazrdebTan mimarTebaSi daicvan misi
`bavSvTa dacvis politika~:
`18 wlamde asakis yvela axalgazrdis keTildReobas CvenTvis gadamwyveti

mniSvneloba aqvs. es niSnavs, rom maTi interesebi da usafrTxoeba nebismier
saredaqcio moTxovnaze ufro prioritetuli unda iyos. yvela bavSvs da
axalgazrdas, maTi asakis, SezRuduli unaris, sqesis, rasobrivi Tu eTnikuri
warmomavlobis, religiuri mrwamsis da seqsualuri orientaciis miuxedavad,
ufleba aqvs, rom isini daculi iyvnen zianisa da Zaladobisagan~.
`Tu Cveni saqmianobis procesSi gagviCndeba eWvi, rom bavSvs SeiZleba raime riski
daemuqros, an Tu axalgazrda gvafrTxilebs, rom yuradReba mivaqcioT bavSvis
keTildReobis sakiTxs (`bi-bi-sis~ TanamSromlebis winaaRmdeg braldebebis
96
CaTvliT), aRniSnuli situaciis Sesaxeb dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos

ganyofilebis menejers, romelic bavSvTa dacvis politikazea pasuxismgebeli.~
axali ambebis saagentoebSi arsebul bavSvTa dacvis strategiaTa umetesobaSi

mocemuli iqneba saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi, romlebic exeba bavSvebis vinaobis
gamJRavnebas, axalgazrdebis piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis pativiscemas
da mzrunvelobis qveS myofi bavSvebis saxelebis gamoyenebis akrZalvas. es
saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi uzrunvelyofs, rom procedurebi saTanadod iqnes
gamoyenebuli bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis keTildReobis dasacavad. bavSvebTan
momuSave zogierTma arasamTavrobo organizaciam gamouSva saxelmZRvanelo
miTiTebebi JurnalistebisaTvis, romlebic bavSvebTan muSaoben da sakuTari
strategiebi aqvT, magaliTad, bavSvebis fotoebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rom mediam daxmareba gauwios sazogadoebrivi

azris mobilizebas bavSvTa dacvaSi monawileobasTan da im adamianebis
gamomzeurebasTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic raime formiT (Zaladobis formiT
Tu ubralod Sesabamisi sistemebis naklebobis gamo) safrTxes warmoadgenen
bavSvebisaTvis. mediam mTavrobas angariSi unda mohkiTxos, Tu is ver moaxerxebs
sakuTari bavSvebis dacvas.
Sefaseba
ramdenad mniSvnelovania JurnalistebisaTvis bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis

codna? moiZieT magaliTebi axali ambebidan, sadac mTavari Tema bavSvTa dacvaa.
ramdenad informirebulia Jurnalisti bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis Sesaxeb?
rogor gaaumjobesebdiT am statias?
`Caild houpi~ (gaerTianebuli samefo), bavSvTa dacvis politikis meqanizmebis paketi:

http://www.childhope.org.uk/toolkit.php
`bavSvTa dacva~, saxelmZRvanelo parlamentarebisaTvis, centraluri da aRmosavleT evropisa

da damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis ìunisefis~ regionuli ofisi, 2004
97
3. kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi

 im bavSvebis sakiTxebis gaSuqeba, romelTa saqme sasamarTloSia;
 patimrobaSi myof bavSvebTan Sesvlis ufleba;
 ra kanoni arsebobs, romelic bavSvebis sasamarTlo procesebs da patimrobis
sakiTxebs exeba?
 patimrobaSi myofi bavSvebis uflebaTa codna.
 arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistema saqarTveloSi
termini `kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi~ exeba 18 wlamde nebismier pirs.

kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebis umetesobas Cadenili aqvs naklebad mZime
danaSauli, an iseTi wvrilmani samarTaldarRveva, rogoricaa mawanwaloba, skolis
umizezod gacdena, maTxovroba an alkoholis gadaWarbebiT moxmareba. zogierTi
maTgani cnobilia, rogorc `statusuri samarTaldarRveva~ da ar iTvleba
sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad, Tu is zrdasruli adamianis mier aris Cadenili.
realurad, amgvari danaSauli naklebad sainteresoa JurnalistebisaTvis, Tu
maT raime gansakuTrebuli interesi ara aqvT, rodesac, magaliTad, bavSvi
gamoCenili adamianis naTesavia. aseT SemTxvevebSi umniSvnelo kanondarRvevebs
ufro metad sensaciuri gamocemebi aSuqeben.
xSirad kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvebs aRar epyrobian rogorc bavSvebs.

amis sanacvlod iTvleba xolme, rom maT mier Cadenili kanondarRveva arTmevs
maT bavSvTa uflebas dacvaze da maT zustad ise epyrobian, rogorc zrdasrul
damnaSaveebs an, uares SemTxvevaSi, sargebloben maTi daucvelobiT.
monacemebi patimrobaSi myofi bavSvebis Sesaxeb mwiria, magram ìunisefis~

Sefasebebis Tanaxmad, kanonTan konfliqtSi yofnis gamo erT milionze meti
bavSvi imyofeba patimrobaSi. bevr qveyanaSi ukve mosmenilia sisxlis samarTlis
sistemaSi moxvedrili bavSvebis saqmeebi da SesaZlebelia maT Sesaxeb oficialuri
cnobebis mopoveba, ase rom, informaciis naklebobas gasamarTlebeli sabuTi
ara aqvs.
patimrobaSi myofi bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobrivi mopyroba farTod gavrcelebuli

da seriozuli problemaa. bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis 37-e Sexvedraze gamoiTqva
SeSfoTeba sxvadasxva qveyenis, maT Soris braziliis, marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi
moxvedrili bavSvebis mimarT arsebul procedurebTan da bavSvebis dacvasTan
dakavSirebiT; aRiniSna, agreTve, angariSebi dakavebis adgilebSi wamebisa da
gausamarTleblad mkvlelobis faqtebis Sesaxeb.
patimrobaSi yofnis periodSi, sasamarTlo procesamdec da mis Semdegac,

bavSvebi Zaladobis riskis winaSe dganan. es SeiZleba iyos fizikuri da
98
seqsualuri Zaladoba ufrosi asakis patimrebis, badragis, policielebisa Tu

sxva arasrulwlovani patimrebis mxridan, romlebsac xSirad Tavad sistemis
TanamSromlebi aqezeben an zog SemTxvevaSi ubiZgeben kidec. zogjer Tavad
gamasworebeli reJimia gadametebulad sastiki, moicavs gaurkveveli xniT
dakavebas, bavSvebis izolaciaSi an ufrosi asakis patimrebTan erTad gadaWedil
da antisanitariul pirobebSi xangrZlivi periodis manZilze yofnas. zog qveyanaSi
arasrulwlovani patimrebis mimarT jer kidev iyeneben sikvdiliT dasjas.
saerTaSoriso samarTali krZalavs sikvdiliT dasjas 18 wlamde axalgazrdebis
mier Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis, magram, amis miuxedavad, zogierTi qveyana
agrZelebs damnaSave bavSvebis sikvdiliT dasjas.
2005 wlis aprilSi, gaeros generaluri mdivnis bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis

sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili kvlevis farglebSi konsultaciebis saxiT gaimarTa
saerTaSoriso eqspertTa jgufis Sexvedra. aRniSnulma jgufma Camoayaliba is
ZiriTadi faqtorebi, romlebic marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi bavSvebis mimarT
Zaladobas uwyobs xels. es faqtorebia:
 samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromelTa, dawesebulebaTa da im

personalis dausjeloba da angariSvaldebulebis nakleboba, romelic
pasuxismgebelia bavSvis mimarT Zaladobaze;
 aRmkveTi RonisZiebis saxiT patimrobis gadaWarbebiT gamoyeneba,
gansakuTrebiT winaswari dakavebis dros, maT Soris arasamarTaldamrRvevebis
mimarT;
 oficialuri marTlmsajulebis sistemis sazogadoebrivi alternativebisa
da sapatimro sistemis alternativebis, maT Soris zrunvisa da dacvis
sistemebis nakleboba;
 arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis saTanado sistemebis nakleboba, maT
Soris Sesabamisi dawesebulebebis nakleboba da bavSvebis ufrosi asakis
patimrebisagan izolirebulad moTavsebis SeuZlebloba;
 dawesebulebebze gareSe kontrolis nakleboba, maT Soris efeqtiani
damoukidebeli saCivrebisa da sagamoZiebo procedurebis, damoukidebeli
monitoringisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mxridan sapatimroebSi
Sesvlis uflebis nakleboba;
 sazogadoebaSi Zaladobis `daSveba~, rasac mivyavarT Zaladobis mimarT
tolerantul damokidebulebamde yvela doneze: ojaxSi, skolasa da TemSi;
 samarTaldamcavi organoebisa da arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
sistemis TanamSromelTa treningebis nakleboba;
 `borotmoqmedebis mimarT sastiki damokidebulebis~ strategiebi, quCis
bavSvebisa da socialurad da ekonomikurad diskriminirebuli sxva
bavSvebis mimarT mediis uaryofiTi damokidebuleba da maTi damamcirebeli
imijis Seqmna.
99
konkretuli magaliTis ganxilva: ukanono dakavebis sakiTxebze

momuSave jgufi
ukanono dakavebis sakiTxebze momuSave jgufi warmoadgens gaeros mandatis mqone

adamianis uflebaTa eqspertebis damoukidebel organos. igi iZiebs ukanono
dakavebis SemTxvevebs, romlebmac SeiZleba daarRvios adamianis uflebaTa
saerTaSoriso samarTali. es organo 1991 wels daarsda adamianis uflebaTa
yofili komisiis mier da amJamad gaeros adamianis uflebaTa sabWos kontrolis
qveS imyofeba.
sxvadasxva wyarodan, maT Soris arasamTavrobo organizaciebisgan,

mTavrobaTaSorisi saagentoebisa da msxverplTa ojaxebisagan miRebuli
informaciis dadasturebis Semdeg samuSao jgufi mTavrobebs ugzavnis
gadaudebel moTxovnebs, daadginon dakavebulis adgilsamyofeli da pirobebi.
samuSao jgufs SeuZlia Caataros sagamoZiebo gasvliTi vizitebic im qveynebSi,
romlebmac gaugrZeles jgufs mowveva. samuSao jgufSi Sedian adamianis
uflebaTa eqspertebi, romlebic SerCeuli arian samarTlebriv sakiTxebSi maTi
gamocdilebis da miukerZoeblobis gamo.
jgufis azriT, bevri bavSvi dakavebuli imis gamoa, rom isini marto arian:
`zogjer bavSvebi dakavebis adgilebSi imitom ki ara xvdebian, rom danaSauli
aqvT Cadenili, aramed imis gamo, rom ar hyavT ojaxi, romelic maTze izrunebda.
isini arian oblebi, romlebic moTavsebulni arian cixis magvar `dacul dakavebis
adgilebSi~.
kanadaSi, TurqeTsa da norvegiaSi, adamianis uflebaTa komisiis informaciiT,

am mxriv kargi mdgomareobaa. kanadaSi mkvlevarma verc erTi bavSvi ver naxa
dakavebis adgilebSi. TurqeTSi moqmedebs axali programa, Tumca is srulad
ar aris amoqmedebuli, romelic uzrunvelyofs specialurad momzadebul
policiis muSakebs da prokurorebs bavSvebTan samuSaod. iq aseve arsebobs
bavSvTa dakavebis specialuri centrebi da bavSvebi ufrosebisagn yovelTvis
izolirebulni arian.
mTavrobebs akisriaT mkafiod Camoyalibebuli pasuxismgebloba, daicvan

dakavebuli bavSvebi Zaladobisa da zianisagan. magram sazogadoebam da
Jurnalistebma unda dasvan kiTxva, saerTod unda iyvnen Tu ara bavSvebi
dakavebulni. dakaveba ukiduresi saSualeba unda iyos, magram bevr SemTxvevaSi
aseTi formiT reagirebas axdenen bavSvebis an mozardebis mxridan antisocialur
an mavneblur saqcielze. TiTqos, Tu maT Tvals moaSoreben an maTze fiqrs
Sewyveten, sasurvel mizans miaRweven.
`hiuman raiTz uoCs~ 1995 wlidan arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis Sesaxeb

17 angariSi aqvs gamoqveynebuli da igi mniSvnelovan sazogadoebriv propagandas
eweva. organizacias dokumenturad aqvs dafiqsirebuli is sistematuri
darRvevebi, romlebic bavSvis iuridiuli warmomadgenlobis an saqmis samarTliani
sasamarTlo mosmenis uzrunvelyofas exeba braziliaSi, bulgareTSi, gvatemalaSi,
100
indoeTSi, iamaikaSi, keniaSi, pakistanSi, ruseTsa da amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi.

gansakuTrebul SeSfoTebas iwvevs sasamarTloebis mier gamotanili iseTi
ganaCenebi, romlebic arRvevs saerTaSoriso princips, rom Tavisuflebis aRkveTa
unda iyos ukiduresi zoma, rac SeiZleba xanmokle da ar unda warmoadgendes
wamebas an sastik, araadamianur Tu damamcirebel mopyrobas.
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis miRebis da TiTqmis sayovelTao ratificirebis

Semdeg bevrma qveyanam Seitana cvlilebebi sakuTari qveynis arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebasTan dakavSirebul kanonebSi, raTa uzrunveleyo konvenciasa
da sxva saerTaSoriso dokumentebSi Camoyalibebuli bavSvTa uflebebi. sxva
qveynebi ganixilaven reformebs, magram kanoni jer miRebuli ara aqvT. da
kidev bevri qveyanaa, romelmac unda miiRos zomebi imisaTvis, rom sakuTari
kanonmdebloba konvenciasTan SesabamisobaSi moiyvanos.
im qveynebSi, sadac am sakiTxs yuradReba eqceva, sakanonmdeblo reformebi

warmoadgens pirvel pozitiur nabijebs bavSvis uflebebis aRiarebis
TvalsazrisiT. amis miuxedavad, Seusabamoba kanonsa da praqtikas Soris mainc
xSirad didia. bevr bavSvs uars eubnebian saTanado sasamarTlo procesze,
autanel pirobebSi amyofeben, isini badragis da policiis xelSi sastik
Zaladobas ganicdian, zogierTi maTgani ki sikvdiliTac isjeba.
saerTaSoriso samarTlis Tanaxmad, bavSvebs aqvT ufleba, ar daeqvemdebaron

wamebas, sastik mopyrobas, TviTneburad an ukanonod dapatimrebas. maTi saqmeebi
samarTlianad da miukerZoeblad unda iqnes ganxiluli. Tu bavSvebs apatimreben,
es unda iyos ukiduresi zoma da rac SeiZleba xanmokle periodiT. bavSvebs
aqvT ufleba, sapatimroSi ufrosebisgan gancalkevebiT iyvnen moTavsebulni,
hqondeT sakuTari ojaxebis naxvis ufleba da miiRon iuridiuli daxmareba.
magram aTasobiT bavSvi ver iRebs am uflebas. zogierT qveyanaSi daucveli
jgufebi, rogorebic arian quCis bavSvebi, kriminalebad arian gamocxadebulni
da maT mzrunvelobis nacvlad sapatimroebSi amwyvdeven.
xSirad bavSvebs uars eubnebian iuridiul daxmarebaze an mSoblebTan

urTierTobaze, aTavseben saknebSi ufrosi asakis damnaSaveebTan erTad, maT
ara aqvT saTanado kveba da sanitariuli saTavsoebi, zogjer ki maT saknebSi
izolirebulad amyofeben. sapatimroSi moxvedris Semdeg isini uCinarebi
xdebian da advil nadavlad iqcevian im adamianebis (policielebisa da cixis
zedamxedvelebis) xelSi, romlebsac maTi usafrTxoeba aqvT Cabarebuli. bevr
adgilebSi arasrulwlovanTa mimarT sastiki mopyroba, maTze seqsualuri
Zaladoba da maTi wamebac ki farTod aris gavrcelebuli.
gasuli ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi pakistanSi miiRes kanonmdebloba, romelic

kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas exeba. magram
praqtikulad bevri bavSvisaTvis didi araferi Secvlila. pakistanSi Svidi wlis
bavSvs SeiZleba wauyenon braldeba danaSaulis CadenaSi. `rac ufro daucveli
xar, ufro naklebad savaraudoa, rom samarTali ipovo. bavSvebs xmis ufleba ara
aqvT, amitom isini aravis enaRvleba.~
101
keniaSi Raribi da dangreuli ojaxebidan gamosuli bavSvebis mzardi raodenoba

qalaqSi daexeteba, Rameebs Ria cis qveS atarebs, webos isunTqavs da qurdobs
imisaTvis, rom iarsebos. quCis bavSvebs policia da qalaqis xelisufleba iWeren
da Semdeg maT marTlmsajulebis sistema STanTqavs.
aSS-Si _ erT-erTSi im ori qveynidan, romlebmac ar moaxdines gaeros bavSvis

uflebaTa konvenciis ratificireba – arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
sistema gasuli ramdenime aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi seriozulad gauaresda.
sazogadoebrivma protestma mozardebis Zaladobriv danaSaulebTan
dakavSirebiT 1980-1990 wlebSi qveynis masStabiT zewola moaxdina
politikosebze, gaemkacrebinaT zomebi danaSaulis winaaRmdeg. ormocma Statma
miiRo kanonmdebloba, romelic iTvaliswinebs arasrulwlovanTa gasamarTlebas
zrdasruli adamianebis msgavsad da kidev ufro mkacri reJimis momxrea.
norma xdeba bavSvebis dasja da ara reabilitacia. sul ufro xSirad usjian
arasrulwlovanebs uvado patimrobas da maTze arc pirobiT vadamde
ganTavisufleba vrceldeba.
bavSvebis cixeSi moTavseba alternatiuli meTodebis gamonaxvis nacvlad axdens

maT stigmatizacias da mTeli cxovrebis manZilze damnaSavis saxels akerebs,
arTmevs maT samuSaos an stipendiis miRebis SesaZleblobas da im adamianebis
garemocvaSi agdebs, visac ufro seriozuli danaSauli aqvs Cadenili. es aseve
zrdis bavSvebis mier kanonis xelaxla darRvevis albaTobas.
arsebobs Tu ara patimrobis raime alternativa? arsebobs, acxadebs ìunisefi~

da ramdenime rekomendacias gvTavazobs:
 nu daapatimrebT im bavSvebs, romlebic mxolod arsebobisaTvis sCadian

danaSauls;
 aarideT sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis sistemas bavSvebi, romlebmac msubuqi
danaSauli Caidines;
 patimrobis Sefardeba mxolod ukidures zomad gamoiyeneT;
 ar moaTavsoT dapatimrebuli bavSvebi ufrosebTan erTad saknebSi;
 mTavrobebma unda Caataron situaciis zedmiwevniTi monitoringi, sul
mcire, maT unda hqondeT monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdeni bavSvia
cixeSi da ramdeni xania, rac iq aris.
102
`hiuman raiTz uoCis~ rekomendaciebi
`hiuman raiTz uoCi~ rekomendacias iZleva, rom yvela qveyanam miiRos, sul
mcire, Semdegi zomebi kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvTa uflebebis dasacavad
(es rekomendaciebi saintereso sadiskusio Temebia):
1) yvela saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos, rom kanonTan konfliqtSi myof

bavSvebs patimroba SeefardoT mxolod ukiduresi zomis saxiT da rac
SeiZleba mokle xniT. bavSvebi arasodes unda daapatimron im qmedebebis
gamo, romlebic danaSaulad ar CaiTvleba, Tu zrdasruli adamianebis mier
aris Cadenili.
2) dakavebis da patimrobis pirobebi unda Seesabamebodes saerTaSoriso

standartebs. bavSvebi arasodes unda movaTavsoT sapatimroebSi
zrdasrulebTan erTad. maT unda daerToT neba, regularuli da xSiri
kontaqti hqondeT sakuTari ojaxis wevrebTan, iuridiul warmomadgenlebTan
da sxva pirebTan gare samyarodan; maTTvis xelmisawvdomi unda iyos
ganaTleba, jandacva da fsiqikuri janmrTelobis dacva, unda hqondeT
sakmarisi sakvebi da sanitariuli pirobebi.
3) im qveynebma, sadac arsebobs bavSvebis sikvdiliT dasja an uvado sasjeli,

dauyovnebliv unda Sewyviton amgvari praqtika da sakuTar kanonmdeblobaSi
Seitanon Sesabamisi Sesworebebi.
kiTxvebi JurnalistebisaTvis
• dakavebis rogori wesi arsebobs sasamarTlo sistemaSi moxvedrili

bavSvebisaTvis?
• arian Tu ara dakavebuli iseTi bavSvebi, romlebic ar arian danaSaulis
CadenaSi damnaSaveebad cnobili?
• arian Tu ara dakavebulTa Soris ltolvilebi da politikuri TavSesafris
maZieblebi?
kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebis mdgomareobas gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa

konvenciis ori muxli exeba: 37-e muxli wamebis da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis Sesaxeb
da me-40 muxli arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis warmoebis Sesaxeb.
37-e muxlSi naTqvamia, rom arc erTi bavSvi ar unda iyos wamebis, sastiki,
araadamianuri Tu Rirsebis Semlaxveli mopyrobis an sasjelis msxverpli.
18 wlamde asakis pirTa mier Cadenil danaSaulebs ar SeiZleba Seefardos
arc sikvdiliT dasja, arc mudmivi patimroba, romelic ar iTvaliswinebs
ganTavisuflebis SesaZleblobas; yoveli TavisuflebaaRkveTili bavSvi unda
gancalkevdes ufrosebisagan, Tu ar miiCneva, rom bavSvis WeSmariti inter-
esebisaTvis amis gakeTeba ar aris saWiro; dakavebul bavSvs unda hqondes
103
ufleba, kavSiri iqonios Tavis ojaxTan. yovel TavisuflebaaRkveTil bavSvs

unda hqondes ufleba, dauyovnebliv miiRos samarTlebrivi da sxva Sesabamisi
daxmareba.
me-40 muxlSi naTqvamia, rom kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvs iseTi mopyrobis
ufleba aqvs, romelic xels uwyobs misi Rirsebisa da sakuTari mniSvnelobis
grZnobis ganviTarebas, iTvaliswinebs bavSvis asaks da mis reintegracias
sazogadoebaSi. bavSvs aqvs ZiriTadi garantiebis miRebis ufleba, aseve ufleba,
dauyovnebliv miiRos samarTlebrivi da sxva Sesabamisi daxmareba. rodesac
SesaZlebelia, sasamarTlo procesi da dakaveba Tavidan unda iqnes acilebuli.
bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma Tavis mecxre sxdomaze, romelic 1995 wlis maisSi
gaimarTa, Caatara zogadi ganxilva arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis administrirebis
Temaze. komitetis rekomendacia iyo, rom saxelmwifoebma daamkvidron `bavSvze
orientirebuli sistema, romelic bavSvs ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis
mqone adamianad aRiarebs, aseve aRiarebs imas, rom bavSvTan dakavSirebuli
yvela qmedeba, upirveles yovlisa, bavSvis WeSmariti interesebisaken unda iyos
mimarTuli.~
imis miuxedavad, rom am bolo dros bavSvis uflebaTa organizaciebis yuradReba

gamaxvilebulia bavSvebis mier maTTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebis mimarT
sakuTari azrebis gamoxatvis mniSvnelobaze, kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvebs
iSviaTad usmenen. es ewinaaRmdegeba gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
me-12 muxls, romelic iTvaliswinebs bavSvis uflebas, mousminon. bavSvis
uflebaTa komitetma konvenciis me-12 muxlis ganmartebisas ganacxada, rom es
muxli moiTxovs bavSvebisaTvis saCivrebis procedurebis uzrunvelyofas da
yuradReba gaamaxvila saCivrebis procedurebis gansakuTrebul saWiroebaze
TavisuflebaaRkveTili bavSvebisaTvis.
arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis administrirebis Temaze komitetis zogadi ganxilvis

Sesaxeb angariSSi aRniSnulia, rom arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis
sistemaSi moxvedril bavSvebs `xSirad ... uars eubnebodnen uflebaze, waredginaT
saCivrebi, roca es bavSvebi maTi ZiriTadi uflebebis darRvevis, maT Soris
cudi mopyrobis da seqsualuri Zaladobis ... msxverplni xdebodnen~.
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asaki

bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia mouwodebs yvela saxelmwifos, daaweson minimaluri
asaki, `romlis miRwevamdec, rogorc iTvleba, bavSvebs ara aqvT sisxlis samarTlis
kanonmdeblobis darRvevis unari~. magram konvencia ar awesebs konkretul asaks
da es asaki sxvadasxva qveyanaSi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba.
saerTaSoriso standartebi, rogoricaa pekinis wesebi arasrulwlovanTa

marTlmsajulebis Sesaxeb, rekomendacias uwevs, sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxismgeblobis asaki daefuZnos emociur, gonebriv da inteleqtualur
simwifes da rom es asaki Zalian dabali ar unda iyos.
104
bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti, romelic saxelmwifoebis mier konvenciis Sesrulebis

monitorings awarmoebs, iZleva rekomendacias, rom aRniSnuli asakis dadgenisas
saWiroa bavSvis WeSmariti interesebis gaTvaliswineba.
aSS-Si sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asaki dadgenilia saxelmwifo

kanoniT. mxolod 13 Stats aqvs dadgenili iseTi minimaluri asaki, romelic
6-dan 12 wlamde meryeobs. Statebis umravlesoba eyrdnoba zogad kanons, romlis
Tanaxmad igulisxmeba, rom 7-dan 14 wlamde asakis bavSvebi ver itvirTaven
pasuxismgeblobas, magram maT SeiZleba daekisroT pasuxismgebloba.
iaponiaSi 20 wlamde asakis damnaSaveebs sisxlis samarTlis sasamarTlo sistemis

nacvlad ojaxur sasamarTloSi asamarTleben. skandinaviis yvela qveyanaSi
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asakad 15 welia miCneuli, xolo 18 wlamde
asakis axalgazrdebi eqvemdebarebian marTlmsajulebis iseT sistemas, romelic
ufro metad socialuri momsaxurebisken aris mimarTuli, xolo dapatimreba
ukiduresi zomaa. 1997 wlis aprilSi SvedeTSi mxolod 15 arasrulwlovani
ixdida sasjels cixeSi.
CineTSi 14-dan 18 wlamde asakis bavSvebisaTvis arasrulwlovanTa

marTlmsajulebis sistema moqmedebs da bavSvebs gansakuTrebiT mZime
danaSaulisTvis SeiZleba samudamo patimroba miusajon.
laTinuri amerikis umetes qveynebSi mimdinareobs reformebi arasrulwlovanTa

marTlmsajulebasTan dakavSirebul kanonmdeblobaSi. amis Sedegad sisxlis
samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asaki braziliaSi, kolumbiasa da peruSi 18 wlamde
gaizarda, 12-dan 18 wlamde bavSvebis pasuxismgeblobas ki arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebis sistema gansazRvravs.
evropis umetes qveynebSi sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asakad 13-16

welia miCneuli, xolo irlandiaSi _ 12 weli.
didi gansxvavebebi sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asakis dadgenaSi

saerTaSoriso konsensusis naklebobaze metyvelebs. im qveynebis raodenoba,
sadac sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisaTvis dabali asakia dadgenili,
miuTiTebs imaze, rom arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis bevri sistema
saTanadod ar iTvaliswinebs bavSvis WeSmarit interesebs.
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis asaki mxolod erTi cvladi maCvenebelia,

romelic gavlenas axdens imaze, Tu rogor epyrobian marTlmsajulebis
sistemebi arasrulwlovanebs. sxva cvladebia: arsebobs Tu ara calke
kanoni arasrulwlovanebisTvis, romelic bavSvis uflebebzea dafuZnebuli;
axalgazrdebze sadamsjelo sanqciebi vrceldeba Tu mxolod socialuri da
saganmanaTleblo zomebi arsebobs; da arsebobs Tu ara qveyanaSi damoukidebeli
sasamarTlo sistemebi da sapyrobileebi axalgazrdebisTvis. arasrulwlovanTa
marTlmsajulebis sistemam unda uzrunvelyos samarTlebrivi dacva da
105
mopyrobis miukerZoebeli standarti. amgvari sistemis ararsebobis pirobebSi

axalgazrdebis mimarT gamoyenebuli iqneba zrdasruli adamianebisaTvis
gankuTvnili sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajuleba an isini moxvdebian `damcav~
samzrunvelo dawesebulebaSi, sadac maT aranairi samarTlebrivi dacva ar
eqnebaT da SeiZleba Seejaxon TviTnebur da sastik mopyrobas.
media da kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi: vinaobis dacva
britaneTSi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebisa da sisxlis samarTlis aqti

(1999 w.) danaSaulis kvalifikacias aniWebs saqmes, romlis gamoZiebasac iwyebs
policia da romelic exeba raime iseTi masalis gamoqveynebas, rac gamoiwvevs
18 wlamde im axalgazrdis identificirebas, romelsac bralad danaSaulis
Cadena edeba. es piroba SeiZleba moixsnas, Tu Jurnalisti SeZlebs sasamarTlos
darwmunebas, rom amgvari detalebis gamoqveyneba sazogadoebis interesebSia.
aRniSnuli SezRudvebi uqmdeba, roca msjavrdebuli 18 wlis asaks aRwevs.
`bi-bi-sis ~ saredaqcio miTiTebebi bavSvebis identifikaciis Sesaxeb

rTuli eTikuri sakiTxi wamoiWreba, rodesac unda gadavwyvitoT, asocialuri
an kriminaluri qcevis SemTxvevaSi ra aris bavSvis interesSi: misi vinaobis
gamJRavneba Tu anonimurobis dacva.
rogorc wesi, aseTi qcevis asaxvisas ar unda gavamJRavnoT bavSvis vinaoba

movlenis gaSuqebis mizniT, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca bavSvis vinaobis
gamJRavnebas safuZvlad udevs mkafio saredaqcio dasabuTeba. im bavSvis
CarTva programaSi, gadaReba da vinaobis gamJRavneba, romlis mSoblebic
CarTulni arian asocialur da kriminalur saqmianobaSi, SesaZlebelia
mxolod maSin, Tu amiT bavSvis keTildReobas safrTxe ar daemuqreba da Tu
es dasabuTebulia saredaqcio politikiT. amas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba
aqvs, rodesac bavSvebs raime safrTxe SeiZleba emuqrebodeT, magaliTad,
rodesac bavSvi loT mSoblebTan cxovrobs an rodesac mas aiZuleben,
Seasrulos narkotikebis kurieris roli.
konkretuli magaliTi (1): didi britaneTi: meri beli
meri beli ori biWis - martin braunis (oTxi wlis) da braian houvis (sami wlis)
mkvlelobaSi damnaSaved 1968 wlis dekemberSi cnes. meri belma bavSvebi `mxolod
siamovnebis da mkvlelobiT gamowveuli aRgznebis gamo~ daaxrCo.
mkvlelobebis Cadenis dros beli 10 wlis iyo. damnaSaved cnobis Semdeg mas
did yuradRebas uTmobda britanuli presa da germanuli Jurnali `Sterni~.
misi deda mis ambebs presas mihyidda xolme da xSirad korespondentebs aZlevda
nawerebs, romlebic, misi TqmiT, meris ekuTvnoda. Tavad beli isev moxvda
gazeTebis pirvel gverdebze, roca 1979 wlis seqtemberSi gaiqca `mur kortis~
(Moor Court) Ria tipis cixidan.
106
beli 1980 wels gaaTavisufles cixidan da anonimurobas Sehpirdnen, raTa

Tavis qaliSvilTan erTad (romelic 1984 wels daibada) axali cxovreba daewyo
(gamogonili saxeliT). qaliSvilma araferi icoda dedis warsulis Sesaxeb,
magram belis adgilsamyofeli reportiorebma aRmoaCines da deda-Svils saxlis
datoveba mouxda. maT Tavze loginis TeTreuli Semoixvies da ise gaiparnen.
qaliSvilis anonimuroba Tavdapirvelad, vidre is 18 wlis ar gaxda, daculi
iyo. Tumca 2003 wlis 21 maiss belma moigo saqme umaRles sasamarTloSi mTeli
cxovrebis manZilze sakuTari da Tavisi qaliSvilis anonimurobis dacvasTan
dakavSirebiT.
konkretuli magaliTi (2): didi britaneTi: jeims balgeris mkvlelebi
jeims (`jemi~) balgeri iyo ori wlis bavSvi, romelic orma 10 wlis biWma moitaca
da mokla mersisaidSi, inglisSi. eseni iyvnen jon vineiblsi da robert Tompsoni.
ori bavSvis mier mcirewlovani bavSvis mkvlelobam sazogadoebaSi Soki, risxva
da mwuxareba gamoiwvia, gansakuTrebiT liverpulSi. mosamarTlem, romelsac
sasamarTlo procesi mihyavda, brZaneba gasca, rom es ori biWi `mravali, mravali
wliT~ moeTavsebinaT sapatimroSi.
sasamarTlo procesidan sul cota xnis Semdeg lordma teilorma gosfortidan,

lordma – mTavarma mosamarTlem, gamosca brZaneba, rom biWebs, sul mcire, 10
weli unda gaetarebinaT cixeSi. isini cixidan mxolod 2003 wels gamovidodnen.
magram masobrivma presam da sazogadoebis garkveulma nawilma CaTvales, rom
ganaCeni Zalze rbili iyo da gazeT `sanis~ redaqtorebma maSindel Sinagan
saqmeTa ministrs, maikl houvards, gadasces 300 000 xelmoweriani peticia,
romelSic biWebisaTvis cixeSi darCenis vadis gaxangrZlivebas moiTxovdnen. 1995
wels orive biWis patimrobis minimaluri vada 15 wlamde gaizarda. am ganaCenis
Tanaxmad maT cixidan 2008 wlamde ar gamouSvebdnen. am droisaTvis isini 26
wlis iqnebodnen.
1999 wels vineiblsis da Tompsonis advokatebma mimarTes adamianis uflebaTa

evropul sasamarTlos imis niadagze, rom `biWebis sasamarTlo saqmis garCeva
ar iyo miukerZoebeli, vinaidan isini metad axalgazrdebi iyven imisaTvis,
rom sasamarTlo saqmisaTvis Tvali miedevnebinaT da gaegoT srulwlovanTa
sasamarTlos qmedebebi. advokatebi aseve acxadebdnen, rom hovardis
Carevam atmosfero ufro damuxta, ramac samarTliani sasamarTlo garCeva
SeuZlebeli gaxada. aRniSnulma sasamarTlom saqme biWebis sasargeblod
gadawyvita.
`manCester ivning niusma~ (Manchester Evening News) debatebis provocireba moaxdina

im daxuruli tipis dawesebulebebis dasaxelebiT, sadac es ori biWi imyofeboda
da amiT daarRvia presis sajaroobis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos amkrZalavi miTiTeba,
romelic 2001 wlis dasawyisSi ganaxlda. imave wlis dekemberSi gazeTi damnaSaved
cnes sasamarTlos Seuracxyofis gamo, 30 000 girvanqa sterlingiT daajarimes
da 120 000 girvanqa sterlingis odenobis xarjebis dafarva daakisres.
107
ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso dokumentebi arasrulwlovanTa

marTlmsajulebis sferoSi
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemaze saubrisas, aucilebelia

mimovixiloT am sferoSi arsebuli ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso dokumentebi,
romlebSic mocemulia kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli
fuZemdebluri principebi.
ZiriTad dokuments warmoadgens gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis 1989 w. bavSvis

uflebebaTa konvencia (saqarTvelo miuerTda 1994 wels). kanonTan konfliqtSi
myofi bavSvebis zogierT Zireul damcav zomas Seicavs adamianis uflebaTa da
ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis evropuli konvencia 1950 w. (ratificirebulia
1999 wels) samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtSic (1966
w.) aseve asaxulia arasrulwlovanTa mimarT marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis
Zireuli standartebi (saqarTvelo miuerTda 1994 wels).
aRniSnuli konvenciebis garda, arsebobs mTeli rigi sarekomendacio xasiaTis

dokumentebisa, kerZod:
 gaerTianebuli erebis saxelmZRvanelo principebi arasrulwlovanTa
Soris danaSaulis Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb (1990 w. cnobilia, rogorc
riadis saxelmZRvanelo principebi), romelic gansazRvravs im socialur
politikas, rac danaSaulis Cadenis riskis qveS myof mozardTa dasacavad
unda iqnes gatarebuli.
 arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis administrirebis gaeros minimaluri

standartebi da wesebi (1985 w. cnobilia, rogorc pekinuri wesebi). es
wesebi gansazRvravs mozardTa mimarT marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebis
minimalur standartebs.
 gaerTianebuli erebis wesebi TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovanTa

dacvisaTvis (1990, JDL). aRniSnuli warmoadgens TavisuflebaaRkveTil
mozardebTan mopyrobis wesebs.
 gaerTianebuli erebis saxelmZRvanelo principebi marTlmsajulebis
sistemaSi bavSvebis mimarT gansaxorcielebeli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb
(1997) (venis debulebebi).
 gaerTianebuli erebis minimaluri standartuli wesebi arasapatimro

zomebis Sesaxeb (1990 w. cnobilia, rogorc tokios wesebi).
gaeros bavSvis uflebebis komitetma 2007 wels SeimuSava zogadi komentari #10
marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb, romelic detalurad
ganmartavs sistemis arss da masTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs.
rogorc aRvniSneT, upirvelesi mniSvneloba eniWeba bavSvis uflebaTa

konvencias, romlis 37-e da me-40 muxlebSi detaluradaa gawerili kanonTan
108
konfliqtSi myof bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. rac Seexeba zemoT

mocemul sarekomendacio xasiaTis dokumentebs, marTalia, maT xelmowerili
xelSekrulebebisagan gansxvavebiT, qveynisaTvis ar gaaCnia savaldebulo Zala,
Tumca isini gamoxatavs saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis xedvas imis Sesaxeb, Tu
rogor unda imuSaos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemam. maTSi
mocemuli principebi gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis da adamianis uflebaTa
evropuli sasamarTlos mier aRiarebulia arasrulwlovanTa marTlsamajulebis
sistemisaTvis Sesaferis standartebad.
arasruwlovanTa marTlsamjulebis ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso

principebi
marTalia, kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvebze ZiriTadad konvenciis 37-e da
me-40 muxlebSi asaxuli standartebi vrceldeba, Tumca arsebobs principebi,
romlebic aranakleb mniSvnelovania da Tanabrad gamoiyeneba marTlmsajulebis
sistemaSi moxvedrili bavSvebis mimarT. es pricipebia:
1. bavSvis interesebis dacvis ukeT uzrunvelyofa

gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis me-3 muxlis mixedviT:
`bavSvis mimarT nebismier qmedebaTa ganxorcielebisas, miuxedavad imisa,
Tu vin aris maTi ganmaxorcielebeli, saxelmwifo Tu kerZo dawesebulebebi,
romlebic muSaoben socialuri uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebze, sasamarTloebi,
administraciuli Tu sakanonmdeblo organoebi, upirvelesi yuradReba eTmoba
bavSvis interesebis dacvis ukeT uzrunvelyofas~.
komitetis zogadi komentaris mixedviT, marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi moxvedrili

bavSvis interesis dacva swored mis reabilitaciasa da reintegracias gulismobs.
konvenciis me-40 muxlis pirveli nawili exmianeba me-3 muxlSi mocemul princips
da aRniSnavs, rom `monawile saxelmwifoebi cnoben yoveli bavSvis uflebas,
romelmac, rogorc miiCneven, daarRvia sisxlis samarTlis kanoni, bralad
edeba misi darRveva an aRiarebulia mis damrRvevad, rom misdami mopyroba
xels uwyobdes misi Rirsebisa da sakuTari mniSvnelobis grZnobis ganviTarebas,
ganumtkicebdes mas adamianis uflebaTa da sxvaTa Tavisuflebebisadmi
pativiscemas, iTvaliswinebdes bavSvis asaks da misi reintegraciis, sazogadoebaSi
mis mier sasargeblo rolis SesrulebisaTvis xelSewyobis sasurvelobas.
2. sicocxlis, gadarCenisa da ganviTarebis ufleba

gaeros bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis me-6 muxlis mixedviT:
«saxelmwifo organoebi aRiareben, rom yovel bavSvs aqvs sicocxlis xelSeuvali
ufleba».
sicocxlis ufleba daculia adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa
dacvis evropuli konvenciiTa da sxva mravali saerTaSoriso dokumentiT.
3. ufleba mosmenaze - umniSvnelovanesi uflebaa da mocemulia konvenciis me-12

muxlSi:
109
monawile saxelmwifoebi uzrunvelyofen sakuTari Sexedulebebis Camoyalibebis

unaris mqone bavSvis uflebas, Tavisuflad gamoTqvas Tavisi Sexedulebebi
nebismier sakiTxze, romelic mas exeba. amasTan, bavSvis Sexedulebebs saTanado
yuradReba eTmoba misi asakisa da simwifis Sesabamisad.
am mizniT bavSvs, kerZod, eZleva SesaZlebloba, mousminon mas sasamarTlo Tu

administraciuli wesiT nebismieri saqmis ganxilvisas, romelic bavSvs exeba,
rogorc uSualod, aseve warmomadgenlis an Sesabamisi organos meSveobiT,
erovnuli kanonmdeblobis procesualuri normebiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT».
4. mniSvnelovania Tansaworuflebianobisa da diskriminaciisagan dacvis ufleba,

romelic asaxulia konvenciis me-2 muxlSi:
`monawile saxelmwifoebi pativs scemen da uzrunvelyofen maTi iurisdiqciis
farglebSi myofi TiToeuli bavSvis yvela uflebas, romelic winamdebare
konvenciiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli, nebismieri saxis diskriminaciis gareSe, rasis,
kanis feris, sqesis, enis, religiis, politikuri Tu sxva mrwamsis, erovnuli,
eTnikuri Tu socialuri warmoSobis, qonebrivi mdgomareobis, bavSvis, misi
mSoblebisa da kanonieri meurveebis janmrTelobisa da dabadebis mdgomareobis
an sxva ram viTarebis ganurCevlad~.
es principi aseve ganmtkicebulia adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa

dacvis evropuli konvenciiTa (muxli 14) da saerTaSoriso paqtiT samoqalaqo
da politikur uflebaTa Sesaxeb (muxli 26).
mokled SevexoT uSualod arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebasTan dakavSirebul

ZiriTad principebs, romlebic, rogorc aRvniSneT, konvenciis 37-e da me-40
muxlebSia asaxuli. es principebia:
 ufleba, iTvlebode udanaSaulod, anu udanaSaulobis prezumfcia (m.40.2

(b)(i))
 ufleba wayenebuli braldebis Sesaxeb informaciis dauyovnebliv miRebaze
40(2)(b)(ii)
 ufleba braleulobis dayovnebis gareSe dadgenaze 40(2)(b)(iii)
 saqmis ganxilva kompetenturi, damoukidebeli da miukerZoebeli organos
an sasamarTlos mier 40.2(b)(iii)
 iuridiuli daxmarebis an sxva Sesabamisi konsultaciis miRebis ufleba
(muxli 40.2(b)(ii))
 mSoblebisa da kanonieri warmomadgenlebis mxardaWera procesSi 40.2(b(iii)
 bavSvis dacva Cvenebis micemis an danaSaulis aRiarebis mizniT Zaldatanebis
moxdenisagan me-40.2(b)( iv)
umniSvnelovanesi principia Tavisuflebis aRkveTis, rogorc ukiduresi zomis,
gamoyeneba, romelic asaxulia 37-e (b) muxlSi. kerZod, àrc erT bavSvs ar
110
unda aRekveTos Tavisufleba ukanonod an TviTneburad. bavSvis dapatimreba,

dakaveba an cixeSi moTavseba xorcieldeba kanonis Tanaxmad da ganixileba,
rogorc mxolod ukiduresi zoma, rac SeiZleba naklebi periodis ganmavlobaSi~.
TavisuflebaaRkveTili bavSvi ufrosebisagan gancalkevebiT unda ganTavsdes.
aseve didi yuradReba eTmoba bavSvisaTvis keTilganwyobili garemos Seqmnas.

pekinuri wesebis me-14 muxlSi aRniSnulia: `sasamarTlo ganxilva unda upasuxebdes
arasrulwlovanis interesebs da ganxorcieldes gagebis atmosferoSi, rac
saSualebas miscems arasrulwlovans, miiRos masSi monawileoba da Tavisuflad
gamoTqvas Tavisi Tvalsazrisi“. rogorc vxedavT, aRniSnuli pirdapir kavSirSia
sasamarTlo procesSi aqtiur monawileobasTan, rac, aseve, Zalian mniSvnelovania
arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis ganxilvisas.
piradi cxovrebis dacvis uzrunvelyofa saerTaSoriso standartebis mixedviT

piradi cxovrebis dacvis uzrunvelyofa umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxia,
gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca saqme kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvs exeba.
es principi ganmtkicebulia, rogorc bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciiT, aseve
sxva mniSvnelovani dokumentebiT. konvenciis me-16 muxlis mixedviT àrc
erTi bavSvi ar SeiZleba iyos piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis, sacxovrebeli
binis xelSeuxeblobis an korespodenciis saidumlobis uflebaTa mis
mier ganxorcielebaSi TviTneburi an ukanono Carevis, an misi Rirsebisa
da reputaciis ukanono xelyofis obieqti~ konvenciis me 40(2)(b)(vii) muxli
uzrunvelyofs bavSvis piradi cxovrebis srul pativiscemas saqmis ganxilvis
yvela etapze.
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis ganmartebis mixedviT `saqmis mimdinareobis

nebismieri etapi~ gulisxmobs yovel etaps samarTaldamcavebTan pirveli
kontaqtidan moyolebuli (mag., informaciis moTxovna da identifikacia)
saqmis saboloo dasrulebamde – kompetenturi uflebamosili organos
mier gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, an zedamxedvelobis qveS gamoSvebamde, an
dapatimrebamde da Tavisuflebis aRkveTamde. misi mizania, Tavidan aviciloT
aramizanSewonili sajaroobiT an stigmatizaciis procesiT gamowveuli ziani.
dauSvebelia gamoqveyndes nebismieri informacia, riTac SeiZleba moxdes bavSvis
amocnoba, radganac es iwvevs stigmatizacias da, SesaZloa, ziani miadges mis
SesaZleblobas, miiRos ganaTleba, samuSao, hqondes saxli an daemuqros mis
usafrTxoebas. sajaro organoebs mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi aqvT ufleba,
gaavrcelon presrelizi, romelic Seexeba mxolod mozardis mier Cadenil
danaSauls. maT unda miiRon saWiro zomebi, raTa am presrelizis saSualebiT ar
moxdes bavSvis amocnoba.
komiteti iZleva rekomendacias, rom saxelmwifo organoebma danergon wesi,

romlis Tanaxmadac sasamarTlo da sxva mosmenebi kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi
bavSvis saqmis Sesaxeb daxurul kars miRma Catardeba. am wesidan gamonaklisis
daSveba Zalze SezRuduli unda iyos da mkveTrad unda Camoyalibdes kanonSi.
sasamarTlo darbazSi ganaCeni imgvarad unda warmoiTqvas, rom ar gamJRavndes
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bavSvis pirovneba. piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis ufleba (muxli 16)

moiTxovs saqmeSi CarTuli yvela profesionalisagan, romelic sasamarTlos
mier dadgenil zomis gatarebaSi monawileobs, an sxva kompetenturi pirisagan,
daicvan informacia, ramac SeiZleba bavSvis amocnoba SesaZlebeli gaxados.
piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba niSnavs imasac, rom arasrulwlovnis saqmis
masalebi mkacrad konfidencialuri da xelmiuwvdomeli unda iyos mesame
pirebisaTvis, im pirebis garda, romlebic uSualod monawileoben gamoZiebaSi,
ganaCenis gamotanasa da mis aRsrulebaSi.
piradi cxovrebis dacvis moTxovnas Seicavs e.w. pekinuri wesebi, romlis me-8
wesis mixedviT:
8.1 yvela etapze daculi unda iqnes arasrulwlovanis ufleba pirad cxovrebaze
raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli arasaTanado sajaroobiT an reputaciis
SelaxviT gamowveuli ziani.
8.2 zogadad ar unda gamoqveyndes informacia, romelic xels Seuwyobs

arasrulwlovanis vinaobis dadgenas. me-8 muxlis komentarSi aRniSnulia, rom
axalgazrdebi gansakuTrebiT eqvemdebarebian stigmatizacias. reputaciis
Selaxvis Sesaxeb kriminologiurma kvlevam daadastura, rom arasrulwlov-
nis mudmiv identifikacias samarTaldamrRvevebad da damnaSaveebad mosdevs
sxvadasxva saxis damRupveli Sedegebi. swored amitom me-8 wesi xazgasmiT
aRniSnavs arasrulwlovanis dacvis aucileblobas saqmesTan dakavSirebiT
masobrivi informaciis saSualebebSi informaciis (mag., eWvmitanilis,
braldebulis, msjavrdebulis saxelebi) vinaobis Sedegebisagan.
amave dokumentis 21-e wesis mixedviT `21.1 arasrulwlovan samarTaldamrRvevTa

dosie unda inaxebodes sruliad saidumlod da daxuruli unda iyos mesame
mxarisaTvis. masalebis xelmisawvdomoba unda Semoifarglos im pirebiT,
romelTac pirdapir exeba saqmeze gadawyvetilebis miReba an sxva saTanadod
uflebamosili pirebiT.
21.2 arasrulwlovani samarTaldamrRvevebis Sesaxeb arsebuli masalebi ar

gamoiyeneba srulwlovanTa saqmeebis, an Tavad am samarTaldamRvevebTan
dakavSirebuli saqmeebis ganxilvisas.~
gaeros wesebi TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovanTa dasacavad aseve xazs

usvams sasjelaRsrulebis dawesebulebaSi arasrulwlovnis Sesaxeb arsebuli
Canawerebis konfidencialurobas. am dokumentis me-19 wesSi aRniSnulia, rom
àngariSebi, samarTlebrivi da samedicino Canawerebisa da disciplinuri
samarTalwarmoebis Canawerebis CaTvliT, aseve, dokumentebi mopyrobis formis,
Sinaarsisa da detalebis Sesaxeb moTavsebuli unda iqnes konfidencialur
individualur failad, romelic iqneba mudmivad ganaxlebuli da xelmisawvdomi
mxolod amaze uflebamosili pirebisaTvis, klasificirebuli imgvarad, rom
iolad iqnes aRqmuli... arasrulwlovanTa gaTavisuflebis Semdeg Canawerebi
unda dailuqos da garkveuli drois Semdeg unda ganadgurdes~.
112
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistema saqarTveloSi

saqarTvelos mTavrobis, iunisefis, evrokavSirisa da sxva partniori
saerTaSoriso da adgilobriv organizaciebis erToblivi ZalisxmeviT
mimdinareobs arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis reforma. 2009 wels
ganaxlda sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis reformis startegia, romlis
erT-erTi ZiriTadi mimarTuleba arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaa.
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemis reformis ZiriTadi
mimarTulebebia:
1. prevencia
2. samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebis uzrunvelyofa
3. intervencia (alternatiuli sqemebi, alternatiuli sanqciebi,
Tavisuflebis aRkveTa)
4. reintegracia
5. kvalificiuri muSaxeli
6. monacemTa Segroveba, Sefaseba da kvleva
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis minimaluri asaki saqarTveloSi
sanam uSualod arasrulwlovanTa saqmis warmoebasTan dakavSirebul

sakiTxebze gadavidodeT, ramdenime sityviT unda SevexoT sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxismgeblobis minimalur asaks saqarTveloSi. minimaluri asakobrivi
zRvari iyo 14 weli yvela saxis danaSaulisaTvis iqamde, vidre 2007 wels
sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi Sevidoda cvlilebebi da es zRvari 12
wlamde daiweoda. unda aRiniSnos, rom pasuxismgeblobis asakis daweva yvela
kategoriis danaSaulze ar vrceldeboda. kerZod, es exeboda mxolod 7 saxis
danaSauls (ganzrax mkvleloba, ganzrax mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebebSi,
sxeulis ganzrax mZime dazianeba, Zarcva Cadenili damamZimebel garemoebebSi,
yaCaRoba, gaupatiureba da 21 wlis asaks miuRweveli an nasamarTlobis mqone
an/da narkotikebis moxmarebisaTvis administraciul sasjeldadebuli piris
mier civi iaraRis tareba). cvlilebebi ZalaSi 2008 wlis 1 ivliss Sevida.
kanonis mixedviT 12-14 wlis arasrulwlovanTaTvis specialuri dawesebulebis
aSenebamde, maT sasjelis saxiT mxolod jarima unda SefardebodaT. rogorc
cnobilia, msgavsi dawesebulebis modificireba ar ganxorcielda da,
Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos sasamarTloebi msgavsi kategoriis
arasrulwlovanebisaTvis sasjelis Sefardebisas mxolod jarimiT unda
Semofargluliyvnen. uzenaesi sasamarTlos monacemebiT, 2008 - 2009 wlebSi,
msjavri daedo xuT 12-14 wlis arasrulwlovans. aqedan ori gaasamarTles
2008 wels.
unda aRiniSnos, rom am iniciativas sakmaod mkacri reaqcia mohyva saerTaSoriso

da adgilobrivi organizaciebis mxridan. gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma
dabejiTebiT mouwoda saqarTvelos mTavrobas, dauyovnebliv aRedgina 14 weli,
rogorc sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis minimaluri asaki.
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yovelive zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis

sistemis reformis farglebSi kvlav aiwia pasuxismgeblobis zRvari da 14
wels daubrunda. sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobaSi 2010 wels Sevida
cvlilebebi am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxismgeblobis asakis sayovelTaod dadgenili zRvari ar arsebobs, Tumca
komiteti mouwodebs saxelmwifoebs, rom is rac SeiZleba maRali iyos.
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba marTlmsajulebis sistemaSi moxvedril

arasrulwlovanTa Sesaxeb8
ZiriTadi kanonia saqarTvelos konstitucia, romlis meore TavSi asaxuli

adamianis uflebebi da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebi Tanabrad vrceldeba
arasrulwlovanebzec.
rac Seexeba sxva, ZiriTad, kanonebs, esenia:
• saqarvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi (1999w)
• saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi (2009w)9
• saqarTvelos kanoni patimrobis Sesaxeb (2010w)10
• saqarTvelos kanoni arasapatimro sasjelTa aRsrulebis wesisa da probaciis
Sesaxeb (2007 w)
arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis gamoZiebisas gasaTvaliswinebeli procesualuri sakiTxebi

(saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi)
rogorc zemoTmocemuli muxlebidan Cans, kanoni procesis mwarmoebels

avalebs Seiswavlos arasrulwlovnis pirovneba da misTvis damaxasiaTebeli
Taviseburebebi.
unda aRiniSnos, rom sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis mixedviT,

arasrulwlovanTa saqmeSi damcvelis monawileoba savaldebuloa (muxli 45;
321). arasrulwlovani braldebulis mSobels, kanonier warmomadgenels an
axlo naTesavs, aseve pedagogs ufleba aqvT, daeswron sasamarTlo sxdomas
an saproceso moqmedebas, romelSic arasrulwlovani monawileobs. Tu
sasamarTlo an prokurori miiCnevs, rom es arasrulwlovani braldebulis
interesebs emsaxureba, mas SeuZlia savaldebulo wesiT uzrunvelyos mSoblis,
kanonieri warmomadgenlis an axlo naTesavis, aseve pedagogis monawileoba.
arasrulwlovnis interesebis dacvis mizniT sasamarTlos an prokurors
SeuZlia aukrZalos arasrulwlovani braldebulis mSobels, kanonier
warmomadgenels an axlo naTesavs, aseve pedagogs sasamarTlo sxdomaze daswreba
an saproceso moqmedebaSi monawileoba (muxli 317. 2.3). sasamarTlo sxdoma,
romelsac arasrulwlovani braldebuli eswreba, daxurulad tardeba (muxli
8 konkretul SemTxvevaSi Cvens mizans ar warmoadgens saqaTvelos knonmdeblobis analizi saerTaSoriso
standartebTan Sesabamisobis dasadgenad. dokumentSi zogadad aris aRwerili is Taviseburebebi, rac
kanonmdeblobis mier arasrulwlovnebTan mimarTebaSia gaTvaliswinebuli. Kkonkretuli dokumentis mizans
aseve ar warmoadgens arasrulwlovnebTan mimarTebaSi kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela detaluri
sakiTxis mimoxilva
9 2009 wels, saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo sisxlis samarTlis axali saproceso kodeqsi, romelic
amoqmedda 2010 wlis 1 oqtombers
10 2010 wels, saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo patimrobis kodeqsi, romelic aseve, amoqmedda 2010 wlis 1
oqtombers
114
317.1) arasrulwlovans procesis yvela stadiaze epyrobian gansakuTrebuli

yuradRebiT. mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli misi asaki da resocializaciis
gansakuTrebuli sazogadoebrivi interesi, aseve misi xelaxali aRzrdisaTvis
xelis Sewyobis aucilebloba. arasrulwlovnis mimarT sisxlis samarTlis
procesis ganmavlobaSi savaldebuloa arasrulwlovnis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso
garantiebis sruli dacva (muxli 316).
dakaveba, aRkveTis RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba arasrulwlovnis mimarT
Tu arsebobs sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi mocemuli dakavebis

safuZveli, damkavebeli moxele valdebulia dakavebuls gasagebi formiT
Seatyobinos es, ganumartos, ra danaSaulis CadenaSia is braldebuli da acnobos,
rom mas aqvs ufleba advokatze, dumilisa da kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisagan
Tavis Sekavebis ufleba, ufleba, ar daibralos danaSauli, da rom yvelaferi,
rasac igi ityvis, SesaZlebelia mis winaaRmdeg iqnes gamoyenebuli sasamarTloSi.
dauSvebeli mtkicebulebaa is gancxadeba, romelic dakavebulma am nawiliT
gaTvaliswinebuli ganmartebis miRebamde gaakeTa. damkavebelma moxelem
dakavebuli dauyovnebliv unda miiyvanos policiis uaxloes dawesebulebaSi an
sxva samarTaldamcav organoSi. dakavebis adgilas miyvanisTanave dakavebuli
janmrTelobis zogadi mdgomareobis dasadgenad, misi moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi,
unda Semowmdes eqimis mier da unda Sedges saTanado cnoba. dakavebis vada ar
unda aRematebodes 72 saaTs. dakavebis vada iTvleba braldebulis patimrobis
vadaSi (muxli 174).
rogorc vxedavT, am kuTxiT ar arsebobs raime saxis specifikuri moTxovnebi
arasrulwlovnebTan dakavSirebiT da maTi dakavebis sakiTxi zogadi normebiT
regulirdeba.
moqmedi saproceso kanonmdeblobis mixedviT aRkveTis RonisZieba gamoiyeneba im
mizniT, rom braldebulma Tavi ar aaridos sasamarTloSi gamocxadebas, aRikveTos
misi Semdgomi danaSaulebrivi saqmianoba, uzrunvelyofil iqnes ganaCenis
aRsruleba. braldebuls patimroba an sxva aRkveTis RonisZieba ar SeiZleba
Seefardos, Tu am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli miznebis miRweva SesaZlebelia sxva,
naklebad mkacri aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoyenebiT (muxli 198.1).
arasrulwlovnis mimarT SesaZloa, gamoyenebul iqnes Semdegi saxis aRkveTis

RonisZiebebi:
1. girao;
2. arasrulwlovani braldebulis meTvalyureobaSi gadacema;
3. piradi Tavdeboba;
4. SeTanxmeba gausvlelobisa da saTanado qcevis Sesaxeb;
5. patimroba;
girao – girao aris fuladi Tanxa an uZravi qoneba. fuladi Tanxa saqarTvelos
iusticiis saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi Semavali sajaro samarTlis
iuridiuli piris – aRsrulebis erovnuli biuros sadepozito angariSze Seaqvs
braldebuls an misi saxeliT an mis sasargeblod sxva pirs sasamarTlosaTvis
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micemuli werilobiTi valdebulebiT braldebulis saTanado qcevisa da

gamomZiebelTan, prokurorTan, sasamarTloSi droulad gamocxadebis
uzrunvelyofis Taobaze (muxli 200).
piradi Tavdebobisas sando pirebi kisruloben werilobiT valdebulebas,

rom isini uzrunvelyofen braldebulis saTanado qcevas da gamomZiebelTan,
prokurorTan, sasamarTloSi gamocxadebas (muxli 203)
arasrulwlovani braldebulis meTvalyureobaSi gadacema – mSoblis,

meurvis, mzrunvelis an specialuri sabavSvo dawesebulebis administraciis
meTvalyureobaSi arasrulwlovnis gadacemis mizania, aRniSnul pirTagan erT-
erTma an administraciam ikisros arasrulwlovani braldebulis gamomZiebelTan,
prokurorTan, sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisa da saTanado qcevis werilobiTi
valdebuleba (muxli 201).
sainteresoa is faqti, rom Tu piradi Tavdebobis and arasrulwlovnis

meTvalyureobaSi gadacemis gamoyenebisas braldebuli aRkveTis gamoyenebis
pirobas daarRvevs, maSin Tavmdebs an pirs, romelic axorcielebda
meTvalyureobas arasrulwlovanze, SesaZloa sasamarTlos mier daekisroT
fuladi jarima (muxli 203.6; 201.5)
SeTanxmeba gausvlelobisa da saTanado qcevis Sesaxeb SeiZleba gamoyenebul

iqnes mxolod im danaSaulis saqmeze, romelic sasjelis saxiT ar iTvaliswinebs
Tavisuflebis aRkveTas 1 welze meti vadiT (muxli 202).
patimroba – patimroba, rogorc aRkveTis RonisZieba, gamoiyeneba mxolod maSin,

Tu es erTaderTi saSualebaa, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli:
a) braldebulis mimalva da mis mier marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebisaTvis
xelis SeSla;
b) braldebulis mier mtkicebulebaTa mopovebisaTvis xelis SeSla;
g) braldebulis mier axali danaSaulis Cadena.
braldebulis patimrobis saerTo vada ar unda aRematebodes 9 Tves. (muxli 205)
arasrulwlovani braldebuli, romelsac aRkveTis RonisZiebad SerCeuli
aqvs patimroba, unda moTavsdes srulwlovani braldebulebisagan
(msjavrdebulebisagan) da arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulebisagan gancalkevebiT
(muxli 323).
arasrulwlovanTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba da masTan

dakavSirebuli Taviseburebebi(saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi)
arasrulwlovanTa sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobasTan dakavSirebuli

sakiTxebi mocemulia sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis XVI TavSi. magram sanam uSualod
pasuxismgeblobis saxeebze gadavidodeT, oriod sityviT SevexoT danaSaulis
kategoriebs. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT arsebobs danaSaulis sami
kategoria:
116
 naklebad mZime danaSauli;

 mZime danaSauli;
 gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli.
naklebad mZimea iseTi danaSauli, romlis CadenisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli
maqsimaluri sasjeli ar aRemateba xuTi wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas;
mZimea iseTi danaSauli, romlis CadenisaTvis am kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli
maqsimaluri sasjeli ar aRemateba aTi wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas;
gansakuTrebiT mZimea iseTi danaSauli, romlis CadenisaTvis am kodeqsiT
gaTvaliswinebulia sasjelis saxiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa aT welze meti vadiT
an uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba arasrulwlovanTaTvis

sasjelis saxiT ar iTvaliswinebs uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTas.
rac Seexeba sasjelis saxeebs, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT
arasrulwlovans SeiZleba Seefardos:
 jarima;
 saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva;
 sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sroma;
 gamasworebeli samuSao;
 Tavisuflebis SezRudva;
 vadiani Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. (muxli 82)
jarimis SemTxvevaSi, Tu msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovani da gadaxdisuunaroa,

sasamarTlo misTvis dakisrebuli jarimis gadaxdas akisrebs mSobels, meurves
an mzrunvels (muxli 42.51).
rac Seexeba vadian Tavisuflebis aRkveTas, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

88-e muxlis mixdeviT, ToTxmetidan Teqvsmet wlamde arasrulwlovnisaTvis
daniSnuli Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vada ar unda aRematebodes aT wels. xolo
Teqvsmetidan Tvramet wlamde arasrulwlovnisaTvis daniSnuli Tavisuflebis
aRkveTis vada ar unda aRematebodes TxuTmet wels.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs pirobiTi msjavris gamoyenebas

arasrulwlovnis mimarT, Tu msjavrdebuls ganaCenis gamotanis momentisaTvis ar
Sesrulebia Tvrameti weli da man pirvelad Caidina danaSauli, Tu mas Cadenili
ara aqvs gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSauli (muxli 63.5). pirobiTi msjavris dros,
Tu arsebobs saamiso safuZveli, sasamarTlos SeuZlia daakisros msjavrdebuls
gansazRvruli movaleobis Sesruleba, magaliTad, probaciis biuros nebarTvis
gareSe ar Seicvalos mudmivi binadrobis adgili, ar daamyaros urTierToba
imasTan, vinc SeiZleba igi Caabas antisazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi, ar moinaxulos
gansazRvruli adgili, materialurad daexmaros ojaxs da sxva movaleoba
romelic xels Seuwyobs mis gamosworebas (muxli 65). uzenaesi sasamarTlos
monacemebis mixedviT, alternatiul sasjelTagan yvelaze farTod swored
pirobiTi msjavris gamoyeneba xdeba.
117
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs sasjelis moxdisagan pirobiT vadamde

gaTavisuflebas. zrdasrulebisagan gansxvavebiT, arasrulwlovnebisaTvis
dadgenilia SedarebiT Semcirebuli vadebi. kerZod, kodeqsis mixedviT
sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo SromiT an gamasworebeli samuSaoTi
msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovani sasamarTlom, xolo Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT
msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovani –saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis, probaciisa da
iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministros adgilobrivma sabWom
SeiZleba pirobiT vadamde gaaTavisuflos sasjelis moxdisagan, Tu man
faqtobrivad moixada:
a) naklebad mZime danaSaulisaTvis mosaxdeli sasjelis vadis aranakleb erTi
mesamedi;
b) mZime danaSaulisaTvis mosaxdeli sasjelis vadis aranakleb naxevari;
g) gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulisaTvis mosaxdeli sasjelis vadis aranakleb
ori mesamedi.
pirobiT vadamde gaTavisuflebuli msjavrdebulis yofaqcevis kontrols
axorcielebs saamisod uflebamosili probaciis samsaxuri rogorc aRiniSna,
Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovnis pirobiT vadamde
gaTavisuflebis sakiTxis gadawyveta saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebis,
probaciisa da iuridiuli daxmarebis sakiTxTa saministros adgilobrivi sabWos
kompetenciaSi Sedis. arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebs ganixilavs arasrulwlovanTa
saqmeebis ganmxilveli adgilobrivi sabWo. adgilobrivi sabWo aseve
uflebamosilia, kanoniT ganszazRvrul SemTxvevebSi ganixilos da gadawyvitos
msjavrdebulisaTvis sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis ufro msubuqi sasjeliT
Secvlis sakiTxi.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi adgens nasamarTlobis gaqarwylebis Semcirebul

vadebs im pirebisaTvis, romelmac danaSauli 18 wels miRwevamde, ese igi,
arasrulwlovnobis periodSi Caidina.
arasrulwlovnis sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisufleba

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi iTvaliswinebs arasrulwlovnis
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebas iZulebiTi
xasiaTis aRmzrdelobiTi RonisZiebebis gamoyenebiT. arasrulwlovani,
romelmac pirvelad Caidina naklebad mZime danaSauli, sasamarTlom SeiZleba
gaaTavisuflos sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisagan, Tu miiCnevs, rom
misi gamosworeba mizanSewonilia aRmzrdelobiTi zemoqmedebis iZulebiTi
RonisZiebis gamoyenebiT (muxli 90).
aRmzrdelobiTi zemoqmedebis iZulebiTi RonisZiebebia: gafrTxileba;

sazedamxedvelod gadacema; zianis anazRaurebis movaleobis dakisreba;
qcevis SezRudva; specialur aRmzrdelobiT an samkurnalo aRmzrdelobiT
dawesebulebaSi moTavseba. Cvens xelT arsebuli infrmaciiT, zemoT
dasaxelebuli RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba faqtobrivad ar xdeba sxvadasxva
mizezis gamo.
118
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi aseve iTvaliswinebs arasrulwlovnis

sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobisagan gaTavisuflebas dazaralebulTan
Serigebis gamo (muxli 891). aRniSnuli RonisZiebac, Cvens xelT arsebuli
informaciiT, naklebad gamoiyeneba.
ganrideba da mediacia
sainteresoa ganridebisa da mediaciis instituti, romlTac xdeba
arasrulwlovnis marTlmsajulebis sistemisagan da formaluri
procedurebisagan ganrideba. kerZod, axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso
kodeqsis mixedviT, Tu arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom pirma Caidina
naklebad mZime an mZime danaSauli da danaSaulis Cadenis momentisaTvis mas ar
Sesrulebia 18 weli, prokurori uflebamosilia dasabuTebuli dadgenilebiT
miiRos gadawyvetileba sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis ardawyebis an ukve
dawyebuli sisxlissamarTlebrivi devnis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb. am SemTxvevaSi
prokurori uflebamosilia arasrulwlovanTan gaaformos xelSekruleba
ganridebis an mediaciis Sesaxeb, romlis pirobebi ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos
iusticiis ministris brZanebiT. am xelSekrulebis moqmedebis maqsimaluri vadaa
1 weli. Tu arasrulwlovani arajerovnad asrulebs masTan gaformebuli
ganridebis an mediaciis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebiT dakisrebul valdebulebas,
prokurori uflebamosilia axali dadgenilebiT daiwyos an ganaaxlos sisxlis
samarTlebrivi devna (sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi muxli 105).
ganridebis sqemaSi moxvedril arasrulwlovanTan muSaobs sxvadasxva
profesionali (prokurori, socialuri muSaki, zog SemTxvevaSi mediatori),
rac xels uwyobs ganridebis miznebis miRwevas. SesaZloa, procesSi monawileoba
miiRos dazaralebulmac. arsebobs mTeli rigi sakiTxebisa, rac mxedvelobaSia
misaRebi ganridebis sqemis ganxorcielebisaTvis. uaxloes momavalSi dagegmilia
ganridebis sxva formebis danergvac.
patimrobaSi myofi da TavisuflebaaRkveTili arasrulwlovnebi

(patimrobis kodeqsi)
TavisuflebaaRkveTil arasrulwlovnebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi mocemulia

patimrobis kodeqsSi. arsebobs ori tipis dawesebuleba, sadac arasrulwlovnebi
SeiZleba ganTavsdnen: patimrobis dawesebuleba, sadac ganTavsebuli arian
winaswar patimrobaSi myofi, braldebuli arasrulwlovnebi da Tavisuflebis
aRkveTis dawesebuleba, sadac Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT msjavrdebuli
arasrulwlovnebi Tavsdebian. braldebuli arasrulwlovnebi saqarTvelos
teritoriaze arsebul ramodenime dawesebulebaSi arian moTavsebulni.
msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovnebisaTvis arsebobs specialuri dawesebuleba,
romelic gaTanabrebulia naxevrad Ria tipis dawesebulebasTan.
braldebul da msjavrdebul arasrulwlovnebs garantirebuli aqvT

saqarTvelos konstituciiT, saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiTa
da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT aRiarebuli uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi.
isini uzrunvelyofilni unda iyvnen sxvadasxva uflebiT, maT Soris zogadi
da profesiuli ganaTlebis miRebis, sportul, kulturul, aRmzrdelobiT
119
da religiur RonisZiebebSi monawileobis, ufaso iuridiuli daxmarebis,

informaciis miRebis, gare samyarosTan komunikaciis da sxva mniSvnelovani
uflebebiT. msjavrdebuls damatebiT gaaCnia sareabilitacio programebiT
sargeblobisa da dawesebulebis gareT xanmokle gasvlis ufleba (patimrobis
kodeqsi muxli 14).
kanonis mixedviT TiToeul arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulze sacxovrebeli

farTis norma ar unda iyos 3,5 metrze naklebi. aseve arasrulwlovnebs, sxva
braldebulebTan/msjavrdebulebTan SedarebiT unda hqondeT gaumjobesebuli
sacxovrebeli pirobebi (muxli 15).
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovnebi, anu msjavrdebulebi,

romelTac dawesebulebaSi Sesaxlebis momentisaTvis ar Sesrulebia 18 weli,
moTavsebulni arian arasrulwlovanTa specialur dawesebulebaSi, sadac isini
imyofebian srulwlovanebis asaks miRwevamde. Tumca arsebobs gamonaklisic,
kerZod, patimrobis kodeqsis 68–e muxlis mixedviT, resocializaciis,
zogadi ganaTlebisa da profesiuli momzadebis miRebis mizniT 18 wels
miRweuli arasrulwlovani msjavrdebuli SesaZlebelia piradi gancxadebiT,
dawesebulebis direqtoris gadawyvetilebiT, sasjelis mosaxdelad darCes
imave dawesebulebaSi, sadac is ixdida sasjels srulwlovanebis miRwevamde,
ara umetes 20 wlis miRwevisa. srulwlovanebas miRweul msjavrdebulze,
romelic sasjelis mosaxdelad datovebul iqna arasrulwlovanTa specialur
dawesebulebaSi, vrceldeba arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulisaTvis dadgenili
sasjelis moxdis pirobebi, kvebisa da sayofacxovrebo normebi.
kanonis mixedviT arasrulwlovan msjavrdebuls ufleba aqvs:
 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi hqondes 4 xanmokle paemani, rac gulisxmobs kanoniT
gansazRvrul pirebTan Sexvedras, romelmac SeiZleba gastanos 1dan 2
saaTamde;
 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi hqondes 3 xangrZlivi paemani, xolo waxalisebis formiT
– weliwadSi 1 damatebiTi xangrZlivi paemani. xangrZlivi paemani gulisxmobs
am kodeqsiT gansazRvrul pirebTan erTad cxovrebas Tavisuflebis aRkveTis
dawesebulebis teritoriaze, amisaTvis specialurad gamoyofil oTaxSi,
msjavrdebulis an Sesabamisi pirebis xarjiT, administraciis warmomadgenlis
dauswreblad. xangrZlivi paemani grZeldeba araumetes 24 saaTisa.
 yovelTviurad, arasrulwlovanTa specialuri dawesebulebis teritoriaze
arsebul maRaziaSi kvebis produqtebisa da pirveladi moxmarebis sagnebis
SeZenisaTvis gamoiyenos mis pirad angariSze arsebuli Tanxa gansazRvruli
limitis farglebSi;
 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi sakuTari xarjiT hqondes 5 satelefono saubari,
TiToeuli – ara umetes 15 wuTisa;
 iqonios da isargeblos piradi televizoriTa da radiomimRebiT, garda Ramis
saaTebisa.
arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulebs ufleba aqvT, weliwadSi samjer isargeblon

Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis gareT xanmokle gasvlis uflebiT.
120
xanmokle gasvlis xangrZlivoba ar unda aRematebodes 5 dRes, romelSic Sedis

msjavrdebulis daniSnulebis adgilamde mgzavrobis droc. arasrulwlovan
msjavrdebuls Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis gareT xanmokle gasvlis
ufleba eZleva mas Semdeg, rac man faqtobrivad moixada:
a) naklebad mZime danaSaulisaTvis mosaxdeli sasjelis – Tavisuflebis
aRkveTis vadis aranakleb erTi mesamedi;
b) mZime danaSaulisaTvis mosaxdeli sasjelis – Tavisuflebis aRkveTis
vadis aranakleb naxevari;
g) gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulisaTvis mosaxdeli sasjelis –
Tavisuflebis aRkveTis vadis aranakleb ori mesamedi.
msjavrdebulis resocializaciisa da damoukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis

momzadebisaTvis xorcieldeba erTiani saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi procesis
organizeba, romlis mizania, msjavrdebuls Camouyalibdes zogadi unar-Cvevebi,
miiRos zogadi an profesiuli ganaTleba. kanonis moTxovnis Sesabamisad,
arasrulwlovanTa specialur dawesebulebaSi swavlebis procesi unda
Seesabamebodes qveyanaSi arsebul ganaTlebis standartebs.
saqarTvelos penitencialur sistemaSi, arasrulwlovan msjavrdebulebTan
mimarTebiT dainerga sasjelis individualuri dagegmvis midgoma,
romelic gulisxmobs TiToeuli msjavrdebuli arasrulwlovnis Sefasebas
multidisciplinaruli jgufis mier da sasjelis dagegmvas arasrulwlovanTa
saWiroebidan gamomdinare. dawesebulebaSi momuSave socialuri muSakebi da
fsiqologebi exmarebian arasrulwlovans sasjelis moxdis individualuri
gegmis farglebSi dasaxuli miznebis miRwevaSi.

bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli - saerTaSoriso normebisa da standartebis saxelmZRvanelo
miTiTebebi arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebisaTvis 10/08/2006 (meaTe sxdomis angariSi,
oqtomberi/noemberi 1995, CRC/C/46, punqti 220): http://www.crin.org/resources/infodetail.asp?id=9711
`Save the Children UK~, àrasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajuleba: axali ideebi kanonTan konfliqtSi
myof bavSvebTan muSaobisTvis~:
http://www.crin.org/resources/infodetail.asp?id= 11042
gaero: `mouTxrobeli istoria kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebis Sesaxeb~:

http://www.un.org/events/tenstories 2006/story.asp?storyID = 2800
bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli (CRIN) – Tema: kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi:
http://www.crin.org/themes/ViewTheme.asp?id = 16
`bi-bi-si nius~ - `sasamarTlo uflebebi jemi balgeris mkvlelebisaTvis~:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/295752.stm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/567578.stm
`bavSvebi da danaSauli: iaponiasa da amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi axalgazrdebis sakiTxebis

gaSuqebis SedarebiTi Seswavla~, tom brislini da iasuhiro inoue. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 2007
22(1), gv. 3-17
121
4. siuJetebisa da wyaroebis moZieba

siuJetebis ageba bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis konteqstSi

 ra aris wyaro?
 SeiZleba, rom bavSvi iyos wyaro?
 wyaroebis mniSvneloba JurnalistebisaTvis;
 anonimuri wyaroebi;
 saidan vgebulobT ambebs?
Jurnalistis roli
ar aris aucilebeli, rom Jurnalisti gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
propagandisti iyos. Tu adamianebis umetesoba icavs bavSvebs da maTTvis
yovelive saukeTeso surT, JurnalistebisaTvis es sazogadoebriv interesebze
dafuZnebuli movaleobaa da bavSvebis dacviT isini sakuTari profesiuli
eTikis principebs asruleben. Jurnalisti itovebs uflebas, mimarTos kritikas,
rodesac es saWiroa da uzrunvelyofs imas, rom yvelas azri moisminos.
jer kidev 1920-ian wlebSi, saidanac Tanamedrove Jurnalistika iRebs saTaves,

mwerali uolter lipmani da amerikeli filosofosi jon diui kamaTobdnen
Jurnalistikis rolze demokratiaSi. maTi gansxvavebuli azrebi Jurnalistikis
rolze sazogadoebasa da saxelmwifoSi dRevandeli debatebisTvisac aqtualuria.
lipmans sjeroda, rom Jurnalistikis roli gulisxmobda Suamavlobas

sazogadoebasa da politikur gadawyvetilebaTa mimReb elitas Soris.
Jurnalisti gadaiqca Suamavlad. roca elita laparakobda, Jurnalistebi
usmendnen da iwerdnen informacias, Semdeg `filtravdnen~ mas da sazogadoebas
gadascemdnen moxmarebisaTvis. lipmanis argumentacia is iyo, rom sazogadoeba ar
aris mzad, Tavi gaarTvas Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi warmoqmnili informaciis
mzard da kompleqsur nakads da amitom saWiroa Suamavali, romelic axal ambebs
masebisaTvis gadasacemad filtrSi gaatarebs.
amis sapirispirod, diuis sjeroda, rom sazogadoebas araTu elitis mier

wamoWrili sakiTxebis da gacemuli pasuxebis gageba SeuZlia, aramed rom
swored sazogadoebrivma forumma unda miiRos gadawyvetilebebi diskusiisa da
debatebis Semdeg.
sakiTxebis detalurad Seswavlis Semdeg zedapirze saukeTeso azrebi

amotivtivdeba xolme. diuis miaCnda, rom Jurnalistebma sazogadoebas marto
informacia ki ar unda miawodon, aramed angariSi unda Caabaron konkretuli
sakiTxebis Sesaxeb da ar Semoifarglon mxolod informaciis gadacemiT. diuis
azriT, Jurnalistebma unda miiRon informacia da Semdeg awon-dawonon, Tu ra
Sedegebs moutans sazogadoebas elitis mier gatarebuli politika.
122
Tu lipmanis Jurnalisturi filosofia saxelmwifos meTaurebisaTvis iyo

ufro metad misaRebi, diuis midgoma ukeTesi saSualeba iyo imis gasagebad,
Tu ramden Jurnalists hqonda gaazrebuli sakuTari roli sazogadoebaSi da,
Tavis mxriv, ramdeni adamiani elodeboda Jurnalistebis mxridan moqmedebas.
magaliTad, amerikelebi SeiZleba akritikebdnen Jurnalistebis mxridan
zog SemTxvevaSi uflebamosilebis gadametebas, magram isini Jurnalistebs
mTavrobis, biznesis warmomadgenlebis da sxva subieqtebis makontroleblad
miiCneven, rac sazogadoebas saSualebas aZlevs, informaciaze dayrdnobiT
miiRos gadawyvetilebebi gansaxilvel sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, media sazogadoebis interesebs unda emsaxurebodes.

farTod aris gavrcelebuli azri, rom Jurnalistebis movaleobaa, sazogadoebis
im warmomadgenlebsa da organoebs daakisron angariSvaldebuleba, romelTa
saqmianobac socialur da politikur cxovrebaze axdens gavlenas. swored es
aris siuJetebis masalebis umetesi nawilis wyaro. bavSvTa uflebebisa da gaeros
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis konteqstSi aman SeiZleba axali perspeqtividan
dagvanaxvos axali ambebi.
magaliTad, bavSvze Zaladobis Sesaxeb statiaSi ZiriTadi siuJeturi xazi mxolod

Zaladoba ki ar unda iyos, aramed saxelmwifos pasuxismgebloba bavSvTa da maTi
uflebebis mimarT da, agreTve, bavSvebis dacva, rac maT gaeros konvenciiT aqvT
nakisri. msoflios TiTqmis yvela qveyanam moaxdina konvenciis rafiticireba
da Jurnalistebis movaleobaa, mohkiTxon mTavrobebs konvenciis xelmoweriT
dadasturebuli valdebulebebis Sesruleba.
kiTxvebi JurnalistebisaTvis
 rogor asrulebs Tqveni qveynis mTavroba bavSvis uflebaTa konvencias?
 Seasrula Tu ara Tqvenma mTavrobam konvenciis moTxovna, rom masSi

gansazRvruli principebi da debulebebi sajarod iyos gamoqveynebuli?
 CamorCeba Tu ara qveyana bavSvis uflebaTa komitetSi angariSebis

wardgenis grafiks? Catarda Tu ara sajaro konsultacia?
aris Tu ara redaqtorebis da maRali rangis Jurnalistebis movaleoba

bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis Setana dRis wesrigSi? sazogadoeba
Jurnalistebsa da wamyvan redaqtorebs meTvalyureebad miiCnevs _ isini
iReben gadawyvetilebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli siuJetebi da ra dros unda
SeirCes gamosaqveyneblad an mauwyeblobisaTvis. magram onlain Jurnalistikis
gaCenasTan erTad da im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom bevri qseluri
blogeri SeiZleba garkveulwilad Jurnalistad CaiTvalos, es tradiciuli
roli icvleba. `Jurnalistikis elementebis~ avtori, bil kovaCi, acxadebs:
`Cveni Sexeduleba Jurnalistebis Sesaxeb, rom isini meTvalyureebi arian,
123
moZvelebulia. internetma yvela zRvari moxsna~. amJamad redaqtori ufro met

yuradRebas arazusti informaciis gacxrilvas da axali ambebis konteqstSi
da perspeqtivaSi Casmas uTmobs.
magram mkiTxvels warmodgena ara aqvs, Tu ramdenad realuri an uzustoa

uSualod internetidan miRebuli informacia. Tu Jurnalistika axali ambebis
da informaciis gamoqveynebis kanonieri damcvelia, aseve, Tu is gansazRvravs,
ra unda iyos an ar unda iyos gamoqveynebuli, maSin misi movaleoba da uflebaa,
daicvas da SeinarCunos es pozicia. mis movaleobaSi aseve Sedis bavSvis uflebaTa
sakiTxebis Setana axali ambebis dRis wesrigSi.
bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb masalebis momzadebisaTvis saWiro

unar-Cvevebi
adamianis uflebebi yovelTvis iqneba Jurnalistikis ZiriTadi komponenti,

magram mediis bevri mesveuri an informirebuli ar aris, an saerTod ar gaaCnia
sakmarisi codna adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. adamianis da
bavSvis uflebaTa sakiTxebSi ganaTleba pirveli nabijia Jurnalistebis mier
uflebebis dacvis sakiTxebze masalebis momzadebis gzaze.
Jurnalistebs, romlebisTvisac nacnobia bavSvis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli

sakiTxebi, xelT upyriaT saTanado instrumentebi makontroleblis rolis
Sesasruleblad. isini SeiZleba sazogadoebis `Tvali da yuri~ gaxdnen da
uzrunvelyon, rom adamianebma, gansakuTrebiT im adamianebma, romlebsac
mniSvnelovani roli akisria sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, saTanadod da patiosnad
imoqmedon.
sityvis Zalam da misma arasworma gamoyenebam SeiZleba aseve zegavlena moaxdinos

adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis Sesaxeb momzadebul siuJetebze. mediis mier
danaSaulis, ojaxuri Zaladobis, brbos mier Zaladobis da politikuri Zaladobis
sxva formebis Sesaxeb momzadebul reportaJebSi gamoyenebulma enam adamianis
uflebaTa darRvevebi daamkvidra. mediis mier informaciis wyaros sityvebis
(rogoricaa, magaliTad, teroristi) citirebam SesaZloa (SeiZleba yovelgvari
cudi ganzravis gareSe) garkveuli adamianebisa da Temebis demonizeba moaxdinon.
bavSvebi trefikingis msxverplni gaxdnen Tu isini ukanonod gaiyvanes qveynidan?

adamianebs Soris azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa Tu isini Cxuboben?
xom ar aRweren bavSvebs Semdegi sityvebiT: `patara~, `pawawina~? xom ar laxavs

es maT Rirsebas?
es mxolod ramdenime magaliTia im problemebisa, romlebsac awydebian

Jurnalistebi enasTan dakavSirebiT. bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli siuJetebis
momzadeba Jurnalistebisagan gansakuTrebul gamocdilebasac moiTxovs;
magaliTad, siuJeti bavSvebis trefikingis Sesaxeb saWiroebs Jurnalisturi
gamoZiebis warmoebis karg unars. sagamoZiebo reportaJis momzadeba
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gulisxmobs sakiTxis detalur, Rrma Seswavlas sakmaod xangrZlivi periodis

ganmavlobaSi. amgvari tipis siuJetis momzadebis arsi mdgomareobs sakiTxis
detalur SeswavlaSi da masTan dakavSirebuli adamianebisgan sistematuri
interviuebis aRebaSi imisaTvis, rom saqme Seivsos da SesaZlebeli iyos zogadi
logikuri daskvnebis gakeTeba. amgvari siuJetebi, rodesac saqme udidesi
mniSvnelobis sazogadoebriv interesebs exeba, xSirad informaciis mosaZieblad
kanonmdeblobaSi Cawvdomas saWiroebs.
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor vekidebiT gansaxilvel Temas ara

mxolod maSin, rodesac saqme gvaqvs bavSvebTan, romlebic uSualo wyaros
warmoadgenen, aramed im TvalsazrisiTac, Tu rogori midgoma gvaqvs am sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebiT. ìunisefma~ gamouSva mediaSi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis
gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo principebi, romlebSic mocemulia sasargeblo rCevebi
bavSvebis Sesaxeb siuJetebis momzadebisTvis da sadiskusio Temebi.
rogorc wesi, Jurnalistebi yvela statiasa Tu siuJetSi, maT Soris iseTebSic,

romlebic bavSvis uflebebs exeba, deben ZiriTad faseulobebs, rogorebicaa:
zegavlena, drouloba, sinamdvilesTan siaxlove, konfliqti, aqtualuroba,
siaxle da Sesabamisoba. am faseulobebis gareSe, ragind kargi unda eCvenebodeT
masala Jurnalistebsa Tu bavSvis uflebaTa propagandistebs, igi auditorias
ver daainteresebs.
ìunisefis~ saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli

sakiTxebis gaSuqebisaTvis
1. ufro metad nuRar moaxdenT bavSvis stigmatizacias; Tavi aarideT

kategorizaciebs an siuJetis iseT aRweras, ramac SeiZleba gamoiwvios
bavSvisaTvis samagieros gadaxda – damatebiTi fizikuri an fsiqologiuri zianis
miyeneba, damcireba, diskriminacia, an adgilobrivi sazogadoebis mier gariyva.
2. yovelTvis gadmoeciT bavSvis ambavi an misi saxe Sesabamis konteqstSi.
3. yovelTvis SecvaleT bavSvis saxeli da dafareT misi garegnoba, Tu bavSvi
aris:
a. seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli;
b. fizikuri an seqsualuri Zaladobis Camdeni;
g. aiv-dadebiTi an SidsiT daavadebuli, garda im SemTxvevebisa, Tu bavSvi,
mSobeli an masze pasuxismgebeli piri ar ganacxadebs Tanxmobas sruliad
Segnebulad;
d. eWvmitanili an msjavrdebuli;
e. saomar moqmedebebSi CarTuli bavSvi iaraRiT xelSi.
4. bavSvisaTvis zianis miyenebis an samagieros gadaxdis riskis an potenciuri

riskis SemTxvevaSi SecvaleT bavSvis saxeli da SeniRbeT misi garegnuli saxe,
Tu bavSvi:
a. iyo meomari, amJamad ar aqvs iaraRi, magram SeiZleba arsebobdes riski;
b. eZebs TavSesafars, aris ltolvili an iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piri.
125
5. zogjer SeiZleba bavSvis vinaobis gamxela – misi saxelis, an amosacnobi

niSnebis miTiTeba, - Tuki es bavSvis saukeTeso interesebSia. magram mainc
frTxilad unda iyoT da daicvaT is mavne zemoqmedebisagan, stigmisa an
sapasuxo qmedebebisagan.
aseTi SemTxvevebis magaliTebia:
a. rodesac TviTon bavSvis iniciativiT xdeba JurnalistTan kontaqti,
radgan bavSvis surs gamoiyenos azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvis ufleba.
b. rodesac bavSvi monawileobs socialuri mobilizaciis an sxva raime
kampaniaSi da mas unda, rom misi vinaoba iyos gamJRavnebuli;
g. rodesac bavSvi CarTulia fsiqo-socialur programaSi da miaCnia, rom misi
saxelisa da vinaobis Tqma aucilebelia janmrTeli ganviTarebisaTvis;
6. gadaamowmeT imis siswore, ris Tqmasac apirebs bavSvi sxva bavSvebTan an

ufrosTan; sasurvelia orivesTan.
7. Tu eWvobT, rom bavSvs SeiZleba emuqrebodes safrTxe, yuradReba gaamaxvileT
zogad situaciaze, problemaze da ara am konkretul bavSvze, imisda miuxedavad,
Tu raoden mniSvnelovan informacias Seicavs misi ambavi.
gaeros konvenciasTan dakavSirebiT kiTxvebis dasma
Jurnalistebis saqmianoba saSualebas aZlevs maT, mosTxovon saxelmwifos

moqmedeba saerTaSoriso valdebulebebis Sesasruleblad. SegiZliaT, Tqven
Tavad wamoiwyoT kampaniebi imisaTvis, rom gaaumjobesoT sazogadoebisa da
politikosebisTvis konvenciis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba? uwyobs Tu ara
xels Tqveni statiebi Tu siuJetebi bavSvTa uflebebis sakiTxebSi sazogadoebis
codnis gaRrmavebas da SeuZlia Tu ara, rom zegavlena moaxdinos bavSvis
uflebebis xelSewyobis da dacvis saqmeSi Tqveni mTavrobis strategiis rolze?
mniSvnelovania, rom Jurnalistebs SeeZloT, Tavisuflad gaakritikon gaeros

bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia da masTan dakavSirebiT kiTxvebi dasvan. zogierT
Jurnalists SeiZleba problema Seuqmnas bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi mocemulma
ganmartebam, rom bavSvoba 18 wlis asakSi mTavrdeba, Tu es gulisxmobs, rom
ar SeiZleba 16 an 17 wlis zogierTi adamianisagan intervius aReba an maTTvis
kiTxvebis dasma sajarod. es aris sfero, romelic SeiZleba ganxilvis sagani
gaxdes.
esaubreT eqspertebs, bavSvis uflebaTa aqtivistebs da uSualod bavSvebs

Tqvens qveyanaSi bavSvebis winaSe arsebuli problemebis Sesaxeb. SeecadeT Tu
ara adgilobrivi da centraluri xelisuflebisagan ganmartebebis miRebas
bavSvebisaTvis momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofaSi da maTi uflebebis dacvaSi
arsebuli naklovanebebis Taobaze?
migiciaT Tu ara bavSvebisTvis SesaZlebloba, rom maT xmas xelisuflebamde

da samoqalaqo sazogadoebamde mieRwia? SegimowmebiaT Tu ara arasamTavrobo
126
organizaciebis saCivrebi da migipyriaT Tu ara yuradReba maT warmatebebisa da

naklovanebebisaTvis?
konvencia maregulirebeli wesia Tu moraluri saxelmZRvanelo? vinaidan is

kanoni ki ar aris, aramed dokumentia, romlis ratificirebac saxelmwifoebma
nebayoflobiT moaxdines, arsebobs Tu ara is moraluri norma, romlis
Sesrulebis mixedviTac SeiZleba qveyanaze msjeloba?
statiebisa da siuJetebis wyaroebi
informaciis wyaros JurnalistebisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs.

informaciis wyaro iZleva arsebiT informacias sagazeTo statiebis,
radioprogramebisa da satelevizio gadacemebisaTvis. isini SeiZleba daiyos or
kategoriad – pirvelad da meorad wyaroebad:
pirveladi wyaroebi
kontaqtebi sasamarTloebi/tribunalebi
uStato TanamSromlebi adgilobrivi mTavroba
regularuli satelefono zarebi sazogadoebrivi saqmeebi
gavleniani jgufebi preskonferenciebi
meoradi wyaroebi
werilebi redaqtorTan presis saagentoebi
gancxadebebi axali ambebis organizaciebi (`roiteri~, ITN)
presrelizebi adgilobrivi xelisufleba
mediis sxva sainformacio
saSualebebi centraluri xelisufleba
xSirad Jurnalistebi informacias pirveladi wyaroebidan interviuebis

saSualebiT iReben. Tu pirvelad wyaros bavSvebi warmoadgenen, Jurnalistebma
unda icodnen bavSvebisTvis intervius CamorTmevasTan dakavSirebuli da am
dros gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi. am Temas Semdeg TavSi ganvixilavT, magram
sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli, rom axalgazrdebis piradi cxovreba ufro metad
unda iyos daculi, vidre ufrosi asakis adamianebisa.
wyaroebi mniSvnelovani sakiTxia JurnalistikaSi. zogierTi mecnieruli naSromi

mowmobs, rom Jurnalistebis mier gamoyenebuli wyaroebis diapazoni sakmaod
pataraa da istebliSmentis interesebs emsaxureba. aseve arsebobs anonimuri
wyaroebis sakiTxic; Jurnalistebis tradiciuli poziciaa, rom maT arasodes
SeuZliaT daasaxelon wyaro, romelsac anonimurobis garantia misces. es sakiTxi
imdenad mniSvnelovania, rom zogierTma qveyanam kanonic ki miiRo, romlis
Tanaxmadac Jurnalistebs SeuZliaT amgvari anonimuroba daicvan maSinac ki,
roca aRniSnul informacias sasamarTlo moiTxovs. roca Jurnalistebs wyaros
dasaxelebas sTxoven, maTi tradiciuli pasuxia, rom vinaobis dasaxeleba, ragind
mniSvnelovani mizezic unda arsebobdes, Jurnalistikis reputacias Selaxavs da
127
Jurnalists aRaravin endoba.
vrceldeba Tu ara es wesi im adamianebze, vinc bavSvze Zaladobis faqts aRiarebs?

bevr Jurnalists am sakiTxze sruliad myari Sexeduleba aqvs da isini amboben,
rom arasodes, aranair garemoebebSi ar unda gamJRavndes anonimuri wyaro.
Jurnalistebis ufro mcire raodenoba acxadebs, rom es sakiTxi damatebiT
diskusias saWiroebs (ix. maikl folis àbsolutizmi da konfidencialuroba~,
èTikal speis~ (Ethical Space), tomi 1, # 2, 2004 w.).
sad SeiZleba moviZioT konkretuli informacia bavSvebisa da maTi uflebebis

Sesaxeb? gTavazobT ramdenime wyaros:
qveyanaSi arsebuli wyaroebi

 jandacvis adgilobrivi organoebi
 socialuri uzrunvelyofis sistemebi
 skolebi
 saojaxo samarTlis sasamarTloebi
 maswavlebelTa organizaciebi
 mSobelTa organizaciebi
bavSvTa uflebebis damcveli organizaciebi

 bavSvTa ombudsmeni
 bavSvis uflebaTa nacionaluri koaliciebi:
http://www.crin.org/NGOGroupforCRC/ViewOrgsByC.asp?typeID=7
 bavSvebis, axalgazrdebisa da mediis sakiTxebis Semswavleli centri:
www.childrenyouthandmediacentre.co.uk
`Caild houp~: http://www.childhope.org.uk
`Cildrenz eqspres~: www.childrens-express.org./
`CailduoC interneiSenal~: www.childwatch.uio.no/
studentebma unda CamoTvalon maT qveyanaSi arsebuli nacionaluri wyaroebi da

bavSvTa uflebebis damcveli organizaciebi.
saerTaSoriso organizaciebi
 ìunisefi~: www.unicef.org
 ìunisefis~ kvleviTi centri ìnoCenti~ bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb:
www.unicef-icdc.org
 gaeros adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisari: http://ohchr.org
 bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qseli: www.crin.org
 aliansi `gadavarCinoT bavSvebi~: http://savethechildren.net
 `plen interneiSenal~: www.plan-international.org
 `hiuman raiTs uoC~: http://www.hrw.org
 èmnisti interneiSenal~: http://www.amnesty.org
 `difens for Cildren interneiSenal~ (Defence for Children International):
http://childhouse.uio.no/childrens rights/dci what.html
128
 `mediaaqtivoba da kargi ideebi bavSvebis mier, bavSvebisaTvis da maTTan

erTad~ (MAGIC):
http://www.unicef.org/magic/index.html
bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti

 bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti: http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/crc/index.htm
 gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis sxdomaze TiToeuli qveynis mier
warmodgenili angariSebi:
http://www.ohchr.info/english/bodies/crc/sessions.htm an
http://www.unohchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf
 alternatiuli angariSebi – arasamTavrobo organizaciebis alternatiuli
angariSebis moZieba SeiZleba qveynis, sxdomis da organizaciis kombinaciiT:
http://www.crin.org/NGOGroupforCRC/search.asp
bavSvTa uflebebze momuSave da media organizaciebi saqarTveloSi
gaeros bavSvTa fondis saqarTvelos warmomadgenloba: www.unicef.org/georgia
britanuli arasamTavrobo organizacia _ yvela bavSvi : www.everychild.org.uk
arasamTavrobo organizacia – bavSvi da garemo : www.childandenvironment.org.ge
saerTaSoriso organizacia – gadavarCinoT bavSvebi: www.savethechildren.org
uold viJeni : www.wvi.org
arasamTavrobo organizacia – saqarTvelos bavSvebi : www.cog.ge
gaeros asociacia: www.una.org

axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia: www.gyla.ge
saxalxo damcvelis ofisis bavSvis uflebaTa centri: www.ombudsman.ge
saqarTvelos regionuli mediis asociacia: www.grma.ge
saqarTvelos regionuli mauwyebelTa asociacia: http://www.garb.ge/
mSvidobis, demokratiisa da ganviTarebis kavkasiuri instituti

(kavkasiuri instituti): www.cipdd.ge
asociacia “studia re”: www.studiore.org.ge/
adamianis uflebaTa sainformacio da sakonsultacio centri: www.humanrights.ge
mediis veb-portali: www.media.ge
interniusi saqarTvelo: www.internews.ge
Jurnalistikisa da mediamenejmentis kavkasiuri skola: www.gipa.ge
omisa da mSvidobis instituti: www.iwpr.net
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti: www.tsu.edu.ge

129
ilias saxelmwifo universiteti: www.iliauni.edu.ge

saqarTvelos universiteti: www.ug.edu.ge
sakontaqto wignaki: Jurnalistebma sakontaqto wignakis warmoeba karieris

dasawyisSi unda daiwyon (roca jer kidev swavloben Jurnalistikas). saxelebi da
gvarebi, misamarTebi, telefonis nomrebi da eleqtronuli fostis misamarTebi
saimedod unda iyos Senaxuli. reportiorebi, romelTa specializacia bavSvebis
sakiTxebis Seswavla an masTan dakavSirebuli iseTi sferoa, rogorebicaa
ganaTleba an jandacva, regularulad unda urekavdnen TavianT sakontaqto
pirebs, raTa saqmis kursSi iyvnen, Tu ra xdeba am sferoSi.
axali ambebis wyaroebi SeiZleba iyos sxva sainformacio gamoSvebebic. siuJetSi

bavSvebis Sesaxeb ar aris aucilebeli naxsenebi iyos bavSvTa uflebebi, magram
saWiroa Tvalyuris devneba, Tu rogor aris daculi es uflebebi. JurnalebSi
dabeWdili samecniero statiebi, romlebic mcire tiraJiT gamodis, gvTavazoben
uaxlesi kvlevebis Sedegebs, rac SeiZleba aseve mdidari wyaro iyos statiebisa
Tu siuJetebisaTvis.
dasviT kiTxvebi: ratom ixsneba axali skola? ratom ixureba Zveli skola?
gaTvaliswinebulia Tu ara axal ganaSenianebaSi Sesabamisi Senobebi bavSvebisaTvis,
rogoricaa dawesebuleba skolamdeli asakis bavSvebisaTvis, sportuli moednebi,
skolebi? rogori pirobebia bavSvebisaTvis adgilobriv saavadmyofoebSi?
adgilobriv policias gavlili aqvs Tu ara specialuri treningi axalgazrdebTan
urTierTobis sakiTxebSi? ra tipis treningi aqvs gavlili?
`media uaiz trast~ (Media Wise Trust) da ìunisefi~: `bavSvTa uflebebi da media~, 1999 http://www.
mediawise.org.uk/display page.php?id =125
JurnalistebisaTvis gankuTvnili rigi saxelmZRvaneloebisa, rogoricaa devid rendalis

ùniversaluri Jurnalisti~ (The Universal Journalist) an riCard kiblis `sagazeTo
saxelmZRvanelo~(The Newspaper Handbook), romlebic informaciis wyaroebs exeba.
maikl folis àbsolutizmi da konfidencialuroba~, Ethical Space, Vol 1 No 2, 2004:
www.ethicalspace.org
130
ZiriTadi terminebi wyaroebTan urTierTobisas
bevri Jurnalisturi Jargoni enaSi filmebidan da romanebidan Semovida.

Tumca xSirad ar arsebobs erTi azri sityvebis mniSvnelobasTan dakavSirebiT.
amitom mniSvnelovania, rom, roca informaciis wyaros esaubrebiT an intervius
iRebT, auxsnaT, Tu ras gulisxmobT. aseve unda icodeT, rom zogi ufro
kompetenturia mediis sakiTxebSi. iseve, rogorc yvela sxva sferoSi, saRi
azri aqac saukeTeso gzamkvlevia. gaxsovdeT, rom bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb
wera sakmaod delikaturi ram aris.
gamosaqveyneblad gankuTvnili da konfidencialuri informacia
adamianebs, romlebic CarTuli arian bavSvis uflebaTa dacvaSi, eqnebaT bavSvebis

mimarT cudi mopyrobis an Zaladobis faqtebis gamomJRavnebis survili. am
sferos delikaturi xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT, Jurnalistebma aucileblad
unda icodnen, Tu rogor unda elaparakon adamianebs konfidencialurad
da ras niSnavs es. roca romelime anonimur wyaros esaubrebiT, yovelTvis
auxseniT, ras gulisxmobT konfidencialurobaSi.
moyvanili citatebi
es swored is aris, rac Jurnalistebis umetesobas unda da sWirdeba: zustad
moaxdinos imis citireba, Tu ra Tqva adamianma. es Jurnalistur masalas met
kompetenturobas da sarwmunoobas SesZens. idealur SemTxvevaSi dasaxelebuli
unda iyos citatis avtori.
gamosaqveyneblad gankuTvnili informacia
roca Jurnalisti informaciis oficialur wyaros esaubreba, mis mier

gamoTqmuli SeniSvnebi avtomaturad iwereba, anu SesaZlebelia am adamianis
citireba da misi vinaobis gamJRavneba.
konfidencialuri informacia
ar SeiZleba konfidencialurad gandobili informaciis citireba, is mxolod
damxmare informacias warmoadgens. metad mniSvnelovania, rom adamianma,
romelsac esaubrebiT, Tavidanve gaigos, rom konfidencialurobasTan
dakavSirebuli nebismieri SeTanxmeba daculi iqneba. Zalian xSirad nu
daTanxmdebiT konfidencialurobis dacvaze. Tqveni statia aradamajerebeli
iqneba da cinikosebs SeiZleba eWvi gauCndeT, rom nawili informaciisa SeTxzulia.
miwodebuli informacia unda tovebdes STabeWdilebas: `gasagebia, rom...~. zog
SemTxvevaSi konfidencialuri informaciiT SeiaraRebulma SeiZleba moaxerxoT
saTanado kiTxvebis dasma sxva adamianisTvis da oficialuri versia miiRoT.
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informaciis wyaros vinaobis gaumJRavnebloba

viRacas SeiZleba surdes raime gancxadebis gakeTeba, magram ar surdes, rom es
informacia mis saxels daukavSiron (aseT dros SeiZleba iTqvas: `mrewvelobis
dargis Sesaxeb informaciis wyaroebi~, `... daaxloebuli wyaroebi~, `seriozuli
wyaroebi~ da a.S.). adamians SeiZleba undodes komentaris gakeTeba mrewvelobis
sferoze, magram ar undodes, rom sazogadoebam naxos, Tu ra komentars
akeTebs konkurentebze. zog qveyanaSi mTavrobis presmdivani yovelTvis
vinaobis gaumJRavneblobis principiT muSaobs. ecadeT, daarwmunoT adamianebi,
dagrTon neba, rom maTi vinaoba axsenoT informaciasTan dakavSirebiT, radgan
amis Sedegad masala ukeTesi da ufro damajerebeli gamova.
komentaris gareSe
ecadeT, daarwmunoT adamianebi, romlebic acxadeben `komentaris gareSe~,

rom aman SeiZleba ubiZgos sazogadoebas, sakuTari azri Seiqmnas sakiTxze da
sakuTari daskvnebi gamoitanos.
5. intervius aReba bavSvebisagan
bavSvebi, rogorc informaciis wyaro da Tanxmobis miReba

 rogor unda aiRoT interviu bavSvebisagan?
 bavSvisgan intervius aReba mxolod bavSvze pasuxismgebeli ufrosi
adamianis daswrebiT SeiZleba?
 rodis SeiZleba bavSvisagan intervius aReba mSoblis an meurvis
dauswreblad?
 saWiroebs Tu ara bavSvisgan intervius aReba im unar-Cvevebisgan gansxvavebul
unarebs, romlebic zrdasrulisgan intervius aRebas sWirdeba?
bavSvebi iSviaTad xvdebian axali ambebis yuradRebis centrSi, vidre maT raime
mniSvnelovani an saSineli ambavi ar SeemTxvevaT. miCneulia, rom axali ambebi
pirvel rigSi ufrosebzea da ufrosebisaTvis aris gankuTvnili.
gamoCenili adamianebis bavSvis dabadeba, gulaxdili aRiareba bavSvebze

seqsualuri Zaladobis an ltolvilTa banakebSi bavSvebis sikvdilis Sesaxeb _ es
yvelaferi SeiZleba sensaciuri axali ambebi gaxdes, Tumca ZiriTadi yuradReba
ufrosebis pasuxebzea gadatanili da ara bavSvis Sexedulebebze.
rogorc bavSvebis, ise axalgazrdebis ukmayofileba imaSi mdgomareobs,

rom maT aravin usmens. Tumca maT bevri aqvT ufrosebisTvis saTqmeli.
bavSvebsa da ufrosebs saerTo fizikuri da socialuri garemo aqvT da
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bavSvebze Taviseburad axdens zemoqmedebas danaSaulis Tu ekonomikuri da

sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi.
roca bavSvebis sakiTxebs mediaSi aSuqeben, rogorc wesi, maT streotipulad

warmoaCenen da maT mimarT mfarvelur damokidebulebas amJRavneben.
Jurnalistebis specializacia bavSvebisagan saintereso siuJetebisa
da Sexedulebebis SegrovebaSi erT-erTi saSualebaa, romliTac mediis
organizaciebi SeZleben balansis damyarebas. situaciis gamosworebas
xels Seuwyobda axalgazrda reportiorTa qselebis Seqmnac, vinaidan
axalgazrdebs maT garSemo mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb saRi azris mowodeba
SeuZliaT.
imis gageba, Tu rogor xedaven axalgazrdebi maT garSemo arsebul samyaros

da sazogadoebisaTvis maTi xedvis gadacema erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani
amocanaa, romelic Jurnalistebis winaSe dgas. amis miuxedavad, maT iSviaTad
utardebaT treningebi imaSi, Tu rogor unda moiqcnen mediaSi bavSvebis
aRwerisas. Jurnalistebis pasuxismgeblobaa, miukerZoeblad warmoaCinon
bavSvebi, imgvarad, rom informaciis Segrovebis da gamoqveynebis dros maT
aranairi ziani ar miayenon.
Jurnalistebis movaleobebis dabalanseba im mizniT, rom maT simarTle Tqvan

da Tan bavSvebi daicvan, bevr rTul da eTikur sakiTxTan aris dakavSirebuli.
saWiroa Tu ara korespondentebis Careva iseTi bavSvebis cxovrebaSi, romlebsac
safrTxe emuqrebaT? unda CamoarTvan Tu ara Jurnalistebma interviuebi im
bavSvebs, romlebsac travma aqvT gadatanili? ra garemoebebis dros aris
misaRebi bavSvis vinaobis gamJRavneba an damalva?
sayovelTaodaa aRiarebuli, rom axalgazrdebis piradi cxovreba zrdasrul

adamianebTan SedarebiT ufro met dacvas saWiroebs. Tumca bevr qveyanaSi ar
arsebobs kanoni, romelic krZalavs im bavSvebis vinaobis, naTqvamis an fotoebis
gamoqveynebas, romlebic intervius sajarod CamorTmevaze Tanxmobas acxadeben.
oficialuri azris gamoTqmis dros yvelaze mniSvnelovania bavSvis interesebis

dacva. Jurnalistebma miznad unda daisaxon, rom bavSvs minimaluri ziani
miayenon rogorc intervius aRebis momentSi, ise misi gamoqveynebiT gamowveuli
SedegebiT.
bavSvebis da axalgazrdebis keTildReobis dacva ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes

jansaR Jurnalistur praqtikas. yvela Jurnalistma unda dausvas sakuTar Tavs
ramdenime ZiriTadi kiTxva:
 moxda Tu ara mcirewlovani bavSvebisagan intervius aReba ufrosebis

TanxmobiT? arsebobs raime samarTlebrivi baza, romlis mixedviTac unda
moxdes bavSvebisagan intervius aReba?
 interviu bavSvis mimarT megobrul atmosferoSi Catarda? sakmao dro Tu
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daeTmo da Sesaferisi garemo Tu iyo?

 gaTvaliswinebuli iyo Tu ara bavSvis mier gakeTebuli komentarebis,
rogorc moklevadiani, ise grZelvadiani mosalodneli Sedegebi da
ganumartes Tu ara es Sedegebi bavSvs?
 miRebul iqna Tu ara zomebi bavSvis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad
Jurnalisturi masalis gamoqveynebis Semdeg da arsebobs Tu ara damxmare
sistemebi, romlebic xels uwyobs sxva bavSvebis kontaqts gamomcemelTan?
 auxsnes Tu ara bavSvebs, ra bedi elis maT mier miwodebul informacias da
SeuZliaT Tu ara gaecnon masalas dasrulebuli saxiT?
pirdapir eTerSi axali ambebis gaSuqebis SemoRebasTan erTad, arsebiTi

mniSvneloba aqvs imas, rom TanamSromlebma, romlebsac mkacri vadebis pirobebSi
uwevT saqmianoba, icodnen axalgazrdebTan muSaobis martivi wesebi. `si-en-
enma ~ SeimuSava eqvsi faqtorisagan Sedgenili sia, romelic gaTvaliswinebuli
unda iyos im dros, rodesac iReben gadawyvetilebas sensaciuri masalisaTvis
bavSvebisagan intervius aRebis mizanSewonilebaze. es faqtorebia:
 asaki da simwife;
 Zaladobis xarisxi;
 bavSvis kavSiri romelime msxverplTan;
 mSoblis nebarTvis arseboba;
 masala firzea gadaRebuli Tu pirdapiri eTeriT gadaicema.
`bi-bi-sis~ aseve mkacri saxelmZRvanelo principebi aqvs bavSvebTan muSaobisaTvis:

ixileT `bi-bi-sis~ saredaqcio principebi bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT.
xSirad bavSvebi ufrosebsa da xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs eubnebian imas,

rac hgoniaT, rom undaT uTxran, magram es yovelTvis is ar aris, risi Tqmac
maT sinamdvileSi surT. gamokvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom bavSvebi ufro zust
informacias maSin iZlevian, roca micemuli aqvT dro imisaTvis, rom Tavisuflad
ilaparakon sakuTar ambebze, vidre maSin, roca maT pirdapir kiTxvebs usvamen.
mizanSewonilia, rom intervius dros Soriaxlos bavSvebisaTvis nacnobi

ufrosebi imyofebodnen, magram yvelaze zusti informaciis miReba maSin
SeiZleba, roca bavSvebi Tanatolebis garemocvaSi arian. amis miuxedavad,
Cveulebriv mniSvnelovania, rom, Tu SesaZlebelia, miRebuli iqnes Sesabamisi
ufrosi adamianis (mSoblis an mzrunvelis) Tanxmoba.
marTalia, unda arsebobdes zogadi wesi Sesabamisi zrdasruli adamianisagan

nebarTvis mopovebasa da imis uzrunvelyofaze, rom intervius Tema ar amoagdebs
bavSvs kalapotidan, magram arsebobs Temebi, romlebTan dakavSirebiTac bavSvebis
Sexedulebebis gamokiTxva ar iqneba problemuri. magaliTad, siuJets kvebis da imis
Sesaxeb, Tu ras Wamen bavSvebi, SeiZleba axldes bavSvebTan gasaubreba, rodesac
bavSvebi moyvebian, ris Wama uyvarT an ramden fuls aZleven jibis fulad.
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fotoebSi bavSvebis gamoyeneba
mediis mier warmodgenili yvelaze SemZvreli tragediis, konfliqtis, bunebrivi

katastrofis an imedis gamomsaxveli zogierTi foto an gamosaxuleba bavSvebs
exeba. magaliTad, dabombvis damangreveli Zala mudmivad asocirebuli iqneba
cxra wlis fan Ti kim fukTan, romelic SiSveli garbis vietnamis gzaze.
aRniSnulma fotom 1972 wels nik ats `msoflio presis fotos~ jildo moutana.
sainteresoa, gamoqveyndeboda Tu ara amgvari foto dRevandel dRes da, Tu
ara, ratom? am fotos gamoqveynebis mizani bavSvis yuradRebis centrSi moqceva
iyo Tu is ufro farTo mizans _ vietnamis omis asaxvas _ emsaxureboda, ramac
mis gamoqveynebas Seuwyo xeli?
aRniSnuli fotos naxva SesaZlebelia misamarTze:

http://www.worldpressphoto.org/index.php?option=com _ photogallery&task=view&id=177&Itemid
=115&bandwidth=high
amgvari fotoebis an gamosaxulebis gardauvali aspeqtia, rom bavSvebi

identificirebuli arian; isini realuri saxelebis da istoriebis mqone adamianebi
arian. Tumca bavSvebis identificireba Tundac maTi saxelebis miuTiTeblad
SeiZleba sabediswero gaxdes. dasavleTis erT-erT gazeTSi jariskaci bavSvis
Cveneba imiT dasrulda, rom aTasobiT miliT daSorebul, omiT ganadgurebul
erT-erT afrikul qveyanaSi es bavSvi mokles. imaT, vinc bavSvebs eqspluatacias
uwevs, ar surT, rom maT sisastikes mowmeebi hyavdes. kosovos krizisis periodSi
balkaneTis redaqtorebma uari Tqves im bavSvebis fotoebis gamoqveynebaze,
romlebic gaasaxles, vinaidan icodnen samxedro danaSaulis sasamarTlo
procesebze potenciuri mowmeebis identificirebis riskebis Sesaxeb. amgvari
TavSekaveba ar SeiniSneboda dasavleTis qveynebis mediis sxva saSualebebSi,
romlebmac naxes, rom aseTi fotoebis Zalam SeiZleba gaeros da nato-s mxridan
intervencia gamoiwvios.
omis, danaSaulis da bunebrivi katastrofebis dros gadaRebuli bavSvebis

fotoebisa da gamosaxulebebis gamoyeneba seriozul dafiqrebas saWiroebs.
fotoJurnalistebs gamouTqvamT pretenzia, rom maT mier gadaRebul fotoebs
aramiznobrivad da konteqstidan amoglejilad iyeneben. humanitaruli
daxmarebis muSakebi ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamdnen gadamRebi jgufebis
mier ltolvilTa banakebSi sasowarkveTili bavSvebis gadaRebis gamo. es
reportiorebi ver acnobierebdnen, rom bavSvebis aSkara SiSi da travmireba
SeiZleba gamowveuli yofiliyo ucxoel JurnalistebTan moulodneli SexebiT.
arasamTavrobo organizaciebma, romlebic xSirad gamoTqvamen ukmayofilebas
mediis mier bavSvTa uflebebis darRvevis gamo, SeiZleba Tavad gamoiyenon
bavSvis foto an gamosaxuleba Tanxebis mosazidad. ra aris bavSvis fotoze
ufro qmediTi, rac maT muSaobas warmoaCens?
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bavSvis foto an gamosaxuleba

bavSvebis fotoebs xSirad iyeneben omis an katastrofebis aRsawerad amgvari
fotoebis emociuri xasiaTis gamo.
`msoflio presis fotos~ konkursis gamarjvebulTa fotoebi SegiZliaT
ixiloT Semdeg internetgverdze: http://www.worldpressphoto.org/ da dafiqrdeT
bavSvis fotoebis gamoyenebaze.
ra garemoebebSi (Tu odesme) aris axali ambebis Rirebuleba ufro mniSvnelovani,

vidre bavSvis interesebi? ra meTodebia misaRebi bavSvis fotos an gamosaxulebis
Seqmnisas, gansakuTrebiT iseTi ambebis sailustraciod, rodesac bavSvis vinaobis
gamJRavnebasTan SeiZleba gansakuTrebuli riskebi iyos dakavSirebuli?
iunisefma bavSvebisagan intervius asaRebad Semdegi saxelmZRvanelo principebi

SeimuSava:
iunisefis saxelmZRvanelo principebi bavSvebisagan intervius

aRebasTan dakavSirebiT
1. ziani ar miayenoT arc erT bavSvs. Tavi aarideT iseTi kiTxvebis dasmas, an
iseTi damokidebulebis an mosazrebebis gamoxatvas, romlebsac aqvT gansjis
xasiaTi, ar iTvaliswineben bavSvis kulturul faseulobebs da safrTxes
uqmnian an amcireben bavSvs, an romlebic iwveven travmis Sedegad gamowveuli
tkivilis da uaryofiTi emociis xelaxal gancdas.
2. interviusaTvis bavSvis SerCevisas nu moaxdenT mis dirkiminacias sqesis, rasis,

asakis, religiis, statusis, ganaTlebis an fizikuri SesaZleblobebis mixedviT.
3. ar aris saWiro inscenireba. ar TxovoT bavSvs iseTi ambis moyola an moqmedebis

ganxorcieleba, romelic ar aris kavSirSi mis sakuTar istoriasTan.
4. aucilebelia, rom bavSvma an masze pasuxismgebelma pirma/meurvem icodnen,

rom esaubrebian Jurnalists. auxseniT intervius mizani da sad da rogor
iqneba is gamoyenebuli.
5. aucilebelia bavSvis an misi meurvis/masze pasuxismgebeli piris Tanxmoba

nebismieri intervius, video firze an, SesaZleblobis SemTxvevaSi, dokumenturi
fotosuraTebis gadaRebisaTvis. Tu SesaZlebelia da marTebuli, Tanxmoba
unda iyos werilobiTi xasiaTis. Tanxmoba bavSvisagan an masze pasuxismgebeli
pirisagan unda iyos miRebuli yovelgvari iZulebis gareSe da maT unda icodnen,
rom isini iqnebian im istoriis Semadgeneli nawili, romelic gavrceldeba
adgilobrivi an farTo masStabiT. amis uzrunvelyofa, Cveulebriv, maSin
aris SesaZlebeli, rodesac Tanxmobis miReba xdeba bavSvis mSobliur enaze
da gadawyvetileba miRebulia im ufrosTan konsultaciis Sedegad, romelsac
bavSvi endoba.
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6. miaqcieT yuradReba, sad da rogor xdeba bavSvisgan intervius aReba. SezRudeT

fotografebis da im adamianebis raodenoba, romlebic mas dausvamen kiTxvebs.
uzrunvelyaviT, rom bavSvebi Tavs ar grZnobdnen uxerxulad da SeZlon
sakuTari ambis moyola garegani zewolis gareSe, maT Soris Jurnalistis
mxridan. filmis, video an radio interviuebis dros gaiTvaliswineT video Tu
audio saSualebebis gavlena bavSvis cxovrebasa da istoriaze. uzrunvelyaviT,
rom bavSvs ar daemuqros safrTxe an masze uaryofiTad ar aisaxos misi saxlis,
mezoblebis an saerTod, sacxovrebeli garemos Cvenebis gamo.
intervius Semdeg...
 madloba gadauxadeT bavSvs imisaTvis, rom dro gamonaxa da gagesaubraT.

 hkiTxeT, xom ara aqvs raime SekiTxva.
 ifiqreT bavSvisTvis kompensaciis gadaxdaze, vinaidan man Tqven dro
dagiTmoTY(gansakuTrebiT momuSave an quCis bavSvebisTvis), magram
gaxsovdeT, rom es aris drois kompensacia da ara gadaxda interviusTvis.
monayoli ambisaTvis Tanxis gadaxdam SeiZleba damaxinjebuli saxe miiRos,
radgan xSirad adamianebi Jurnalistebs awvdian informacias, romelic,
maTi azriT, Jurnalistebs sWirdebaT, gansakuTrebiT, Tu maT miaCniaT,
rom aRniSnuli informacia sensaciuria da met fuls moitans.
 kidev erTxel ganumarteT bavSvs, risTvis iqneba gamoyenebuli statia da
SeuTanxmdiT, rom gaugzavniT statias.
 hkiTxeT, xom ar surs raimes amoReba an sakuTari saxelis Tu sxva detalebis
Secvla.
organizacia `gadavarCinoT bavSvebis~ bavSvebisgan intervius aRebis

saxelmZRvanelo principebi
momzadeba
gaerkvieT sakuTar damokidebulebaSi bavSvebis mimarT. nu gamoamJRavnebT

mfarvelur damokidebulebas maT mimarT, nurc imas aCvenebT, rom maTze meti
iciT. maT adgilas warmoidgineT Tavi da pativiscemiT moepyariT.
detalurad ganumarteT, ras akeTebT da ratom gsurT maTTan saubari. aCveneT

sxva bavSvebisgan aRebuli interviuebis magaliTebi. ganumarteT, risTvis
gamoiyenebT masalas da aiReT maTgan nebarTva mis gamoqveynebaze. gulaxdili
iyaviT imasTan dakavSirebiT, rasac akeTebT, nu daaimedebT (magaliTad, fuliT,
samuSaoTi, samedicino momsaxurebiT).
Tu Tarjimani gWirdebaT, amoarCieT iseTi adamiani, romelsac advilad SeuZlia

bavSvTan kontaqtis damyareba, ar SeaSinebs mas da intervius mizani misTvis
gasagebi iqneba. uTxariT Tarjimans, rom man yvelaferi Targmnos, gadmosces
137
bavSvis sityvebi da ara mxolod mokle Sinaarsi.
gamoiyeneT diqtofoni (Tu stenografia kargad ar gexerxebaT). sxva SemTxvevaSi

bavSvis ena da is, ris gamoxatvac mas unda, SeiZleba daikargos.
moZebneT Sesaferisi wynari adgili (SenobaSi an gareT), sadac bavSvi komfortulad

da Tavisuflad igrZnobs Tavs. mieciT mas adgilis SerCevis saSualeba.
uzrunvelyaviT, rom intervius, Tarjimnis garda, ufrosebi ar daeswron _

garda proeqtis TanamSromlis, maswavleblis an sxva ufrosisa, romelsac bavSvi
icnobs da endoba.
SeiZleba mizanSewonili iyos bavSvebis patara jgufTan (2-5 bavSvi) intervius

Catareba _ bavSvebi erTmaneTs mxars dauWeren da azrebs gauziareben. magram
moifiqreT, rogor gaarCioT, romeli bavSvi ras ambobs.
SeecadeT, SeqmnaT uSualo garemo. isaubreT, iTamaSeT, moasmenineT magnitofonze

Cawerili sakuTari xmebi. gauSinaurdiT – magaliTad, iatakze maTTan erTad
dajeqiT.
moitaneT rame piradi nivTi, magaliTad, fotoebi, rac bavSvebs SeboWilobas

mouxsnis an diskusiaSi Caabams.
interviu
mieciT bavSvs saSualeba, Tavad airCios saubris tempi da ise giamboT sakuTari
ambavi.
frTxilad moekideT iarliyebis gamoyenebas (magaliTad, rogoricaa `meZavi bozi~

da ara `komerciuli seqsis muSaki~), romlebic bavSvisTvis ar aris Sesaferisi.
Tavidan advili kiTxvebi dausviT – magaliTad, hkiTxeT saxeli, asaki, sad

cxovrobs. mimarTeT saxeliT.
dausviT Ria kiTxvebi. erideT Zalian bevr daxurul kiTxvas, romelzec bavSvma
`diax~ an àra~ unda gipasuxoT.
TqvenTvis sasurveli informaciis miRebamde SeiZleba mogixdeT kiTxvebis

sxvadasxva gziT dasma. sasurvelia, frTxilad, daJinebiT isaubroT Temaze da
gamoiwvioT bavSvi, ifiqros Tqven mier dasmul kiTxvebze.
gaiTvaliswineT is garemoeba, rom bavSvi Tavs SeiZleba uxerxulad grZnobdes

da nu aiZulebT, misTvis mtkivneul sakiTxebze isaubros. mzad iyaviT,
daasruloT interviu an gadaxvideT naklebad mtkivneul Temaze, Tu SeatyobT,
rom bavSvi daiZaba.
138
kanadis `media euearnes netuorkma~ (Media Awareness Network) SeimuSava `mediainstrumentebis

nakrebi axalgazrdebisaTvis~, romelSic aris axalgazrdebisaTvis gankuTvnili Tavi `Tqveni
uflebebis codna~ da mocemulia rCeva, Tu rogor unda moiqcnen axalgazrdebi presis
warmomadgenlebTan intervius dros:
http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/index.cfm
aSS-is pointeris institutma sakuTar internetgevrdze ganaTavsa saxelmZRvanelo principebi.

aRniSnuli internetgverdi ufaso momsaxurebas uwevs yvela dainteresebul pirs imasTan
dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor imuSaon axalgazrdebTan: http://www.poynter.org/
`gadavarCinoT bavSvebi UK“-m gamoaqveyna bukleti saxelwodebiT `bavSvebisagan intervius

aReba. saxelmZRvanelo Jurnalistebisa da sxvebisaTvis~, romelic gvTavazobs praqtikul
miTiTebebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda aviRoT interviu bavSvebisagan. es bukleti msoflio
masStabiT bavSvebs Soris Catarebuli kvlevaa. igi sasargebloa beWdviTi mediis, radio- da
teleJurnalistebis, axali ambebis studiebisa da mediis sxva saSualebebisaTvis:
www.savethechildren.org.uk
6. bavSvebi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros

 jariskaci bavSvebis istoriebi
 konteqsti, omi, samoqalaqo areuloba, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis kolafsi
 jariskaci bavSvebis Temis sensaciuroba
 unar-Cvevebis sxva ambebTan mimarTebiT gamoyeneba
jariskaci bavSvebis sakiTxi mTavar Temad iqca mediaSi. istoriebi jariskaci

bavSvebis Sesaxeb wamoWrian seriozul da rTul sakiTxebs ara mxolod
bavSvTa uflebebis TvalsazrisiT, aramed eTikuri kuTxiTac, rac ukavSirdeba
mauwyeblobas omisa da samoqalaqo konfliqtis dros.
sakiTxebi orientirebulia sensaciurobaze. marTebulia Tu ara konfliqtis

zonebSi myofi bavSvebis iseTi fotoebis Cveneba, romlebic ar iqneboda
naCvenebi arakonfliqtur teritoriebze? iwvevs Tu ara 11 wlis bavSvis foto,
romelsac samxedro forma acvia da TiTqmis Tavisxela `kalaSnikovi~ uWiravs,
seriozul SekiTxvebs, Tu mxolod ydis karg gamosaxulebas iZleva? aris Tu ara
Jurnalistebis samsaxurebrivi movaleoba, rom gaaSuqon jariskaci bavSvebic
da sazogadoebaSi maTi reintagraciis mcdelobebic?
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jariskaci bavSvebi _ es dausrulebeli Temaa. iseve, rogorc sxva xangrZlivi

Temebis SemTxvevaSi, mediis daRlam SeiZleba simZafre moaklos Temas. magram
Jurnalisti valdebulia, sxvadasxva kuTxiT Sexedos problemas, magaliTad imas,
Tu rogor xdeba am bavSvebis reintegracia, da moZebnos sazogadoebis winaSe am
Temis aqtualurobis SenarCunebis gzebi.
2000 wels gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciam miiRo bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis

fakultatiuri oqmi SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi bavSvebis monawileobis Sesaxeb.
oqmiT akrZalulia 18 wlamde asakis bavSvebis iZulebiTi gawveva an maTi
gamoyeneba saomari moqmedebebis dros. dRemde is ratificirebulia 110-ze meti
qveynis mier.
daaxloebiT 300 000 gogonasa da biWis samxedro gawveva da gamoyeneba SeiaraRebul

konfliqtebSi msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxeSi amJamad sayovelTaod aRiarebulia
bavSvTa uflebebis darRvevad, rac mkacr saerTaSoriso reagirebas moiTxovs.
SeiaraRebuli konfliqti mraval aspeqtSi aiZulebs bavSvebs, gamotovon TavianTi

bavSvoba. jariskacebad gawveuli bavSvebi ver iReben saTanado ganaTlebas da
dacvas da xSirad maTTvis miuwvdomelia ZiriTadi jandacvis momsaxurebac.
msgavs danakargebs ganicdian iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli da TavianT ojaxebs
daSorebuli bavSvebic. konfliqti zrdis bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis, maTi
Seuracxyofisa da eqspluataciis risks. seqsualuri Zaladoba xSirad gamoiyeneba
rogorc brZolis iaraRi.
is bavSvebic ki, vinc sakuTar ojaxebSi, sakuTar saxlebSi rCeba, SeiZleba dadgnen
skolidan gaSvebis riskis winaSe, darCnen jandacvis momsaxurebisa da dacvis
gareSe fizikuri infrastruqturis ganadgurebis, jandacvisa da ganaTlebis
sistemebze zewolis, aseve mzardi piradi daucvelobis gamo, rac gamowveulia
konfliqtiT an misi narCenebiT – rogoricaa naRmebi da aufeTqebeli sabrZolo
masala.
msoflios 20-ze met qveyanaSi bavSvebi omis uSualo monawileebi arian. xSirad
saSineli Zaladobis msxverplni, 200 000-dan 300 000-mde bavSvi msaxurobs
jarSi rogorc ajanyebulTa rigebSi, ise samTavrobo ZalTa mxares mimdinare
SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi. es axalgazrda mebrZolebi monawileoben
Tanamedrove saomari moqmedebebis yvela aspeqtSi. maT xelT upyriaT ÀK-47~
da `M-16~, dganan frontis wina xazze, msaxuroben rogorc ganmnaRmvelebi,
monawileoben TviTmkvlelobis misiebSi, ezidebian maragebs da moqmedeben
rogorc jaSuSebi an mzveravebi.
magaliTad, komunisturi partiis mier nepalSi 10-wliani samoqalaqo omis dros

jarSi ayvanili iyo aTasobiT bavSvi. bavSvebi msaxurobdnen frontis wina xazze,
gadiodnen swavlebas iaraRis xmarebaSi da arsebiTi mniSvnelobis samxedro
da logistikur daxmarebas uwevdnen maoistebs. 2006 wels mTavrobasTan
yovlismomcveli samSvidobo xelSekrulebis xelmoweris Semdegac ki maoistebma
ganagrZes bavSvebis gawveva da uari Tqves TavianTi rigebidan maT gaSvebaze.
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burundiSi mimdinare 13-wliani samoqalaqo omis dros konfliqtis yvela mxare

iyenebda bavSvebs, rogorc mebrZolebs da, zogadad, damxmareebs. 3 000-ze meti
bavSvi demobilizebul iqna, magram meamboxeTa erT-erTi razmi saxelwodebiT
èrovnuli ganmaTavisuflebeli Zalebi~ kvlav ganagrZobs bavSvebis gamoyenebas
mebrZolebad da sxvadasxva davalebis Sesasruleblad. amasTan, aTobiT bavSvi,
vinc am dajgufebaSi msaxurobda an brali edeba masTan kavSirSi, saxelmwifo
patimrobaSi imyofeba daxmarebis gareSe.
bavSvebi, rogorc wesi, morCili jariskacebi arian, radgan isini fizikurad

daucvelebi arian da maTi damcireba advilia. bevri maTgani motacebulia an
iZulebiT aris gawveuli da xSirad brZanebebis Sesruleba sikvdilis muqaris
qveS uwevs. zogierTi maTgani SeiaraRebul dajgufebebs sasowarkveTilebis gamo
uerTdeba. vinaidan konfliqtis dros xdeba sazogadoebis rRveva – rodesac
bavSvebi veRar dadian skolebSi, iZulebulni xdebian, datovon saxlebi da
daSordnen TavianTi ojaxebis wevrebs – bevri bavSvi SeiaraRebul jgufebs uyurebs,
rogorc gadarCenis saukeTeso Sanss. sxvebi cdiloben, Tavi daaRwion siRaribes
an SeuerTdnen samxedro Zalebs, raTa Suri iZion ojaxis mokluli wevrebis gamo.
saerTaSoriso samarTlis gaZliereba da gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos mier bavSvebis

samxedro gawvevis problemis aRiareba mniSvelovani miRwevebia. magram am
iniciativebs Tan unda sdevdes praqtikuli zomebi, romlebic miscems bavSvebs,
maT ojaxebsa da sazogadoebas jarSi gawvevis stabilur alternativebs,
romlebic gamiznuli iqneba bavSvebis ganTavisuflebisa da demobilizaciisken
da xels Seuwyobs sazogadoebaSi maT reintegracias.
gadaudebel prioritets warmoadgens 18 wlamde asakis yvela piris samxedro

Zalebidan demobilizacia. bavSvebis monawileoba aRniSnuli unda iyos yvela
samSvidobo SeTanxmebaSi, raTa efeqtianad daigegmos maTi reintegraciis
programebi.
reintegraciis procesi exmareba bavSvebs cxovrebaSi axali fundamentis

CamoyalibebaSi. ojaxsa da sazogadoebasTan kavSiris ganaxleba mniSvnelovania
yofili jariskaci bavSvebisTvis, romlebic TavianTi ojaxebisgan moSorebiT
gaizardnen da moklebulni iyvnen fizikuri, emociuri da inteleqtualuri
ganviTarebis normalur SesaZleblobebs. yofili mcirewlovani mebrZolebisTvis
ganaTlebisa da dasaqmebis SesaZleblobebis Seqmna xels uwyobs maT, rom Tavidan
airidon samxedro danayofebSi xelaxali gawevrianeba da, amave dros, zrdis
maTi ojaxebis ekonomikur usafrTxoebas.
yofili jariskaci bavSvisTvis ganaTleba ufro metia, vidre mxolod gza

dasaqmebisaken. ganaTlebis saSualebiT misi cxovreba normalur kalapots
ubrundeba da is SeZlebs Camoyalibdnen pirovnebad, romelic gansxvavebulia
jariskacisgan. amasTan dakavSirebuli siZnele is aris, rom yofili mebrZolebi
SesaZloa bevrad CamorCnen swavlas da SeiZleba Cairicxon dabal klasebSi
gacilebiT ufro mcirewlovan bavSvebTan erTad. SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes
specialuri zomebis miReba, rogoric aris specialuri klasebis Camoyalibeba
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yofili jariskaci bavSvebisaTvis, romelTa reintegracia SemdgomSi SesaZlebeli

iqneba Cveulebriv skolebSi.
SemuSavebulia garkveuli zomebi, raTa minimumamde iqnes dayvanili an Tavidan

acilebuli bavSvebis jariskacebad gamoyeneba. magaliTad, adgilobriv
mosaxleobas meti informacia unda miewodos erovnuli da saerTaSoriso
kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb, romelic aregulirebs samxedro gawvevis asakobriv
zRvars. arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, religiur jgufebs da, zogadad,
samoqalaqo sazogadoebas, SeuZliaT, mniSvnelovani roli Seasrulon zneobrivi
CarCoebis dadgenaSi, romlebic miuReblad aRiarebs bavSvebis monawileobas
SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi. peruSi iZulebiT gawvevis mcdelobebi Semcirda iq,
sadac samociqulo eklesiebma dagmes aseTi qmedeba. el-salvadorSi, gvatemalasa
da paragvaiSi eTnikurma jgufebma da jariskaci bavSvebis dedebma Camoayalibes
organizaciebi, romlebic zewolas axdenen xelisuflebaze, raTa gaaTavisuflon
arasrulwlovani jariskacebi.
kidev erTi mniSvnelovani prevenciuli zoma aris ltolvilTa an iZulebiT

gadanacvlebul pirTa banakebSi mitovebuli bavSvebis aqtiuri da adreuli
aRricxva da gamovlena. devnilTa banakebis konfliqturi zonebidan Sor manZilze
ganTavsebas aseve SeuZlia Seamciros Sansi imisa, rom bavSvebs gadaibireben an
ZaliT gaawevrianeben mebrZolTa rigebSi.
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT moicavs ramdenime

muxls, kerZod, 38-e muxls SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis Sesaxeb da 39-e muxls
SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis msxverpli bavSvebis sareabilitacio mkurnalobis
Sesaxeb. garda amisa, 2002 wlis 12 Tebervals ZalaSi Sevida fakultatiuri oqmi
SeiaraRebul konfliqtebSi bavSvebis monawileobis Sesaxeb. oqmi moiTxovs,
rom xelmomwerma saxelmwifoebma uzrunvelyon, rom 18 wlamde asakis bavSvebi
ar iyvnen savaldebulo wesiT gawveulni maT SeiaraRebul ZalebSi. is aseve
mouwodebs xelmomwer saxelmwifoebs, miiRon yvela SesaZlebeli zoma imisaTvis,
rom maTi SeiaraRebuli Zalebis 18 wlamde asakis wevrebma ar miiRon monawileoba
samxedro moqmedebebSi.
fakultatiuri oqmis interpretacia yovelTvis unda moxdes mTlianobaSi,

Tavdapirveli SeTanxmebis WrilSi, am SemTxvevaSi ki diskriminaciis akrZalvis,
bavSvis WeSmariti interesebisa da bavSvis monawileobis principebis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
gasuli aTwleulis manZilze ori milioni bavSvi iqna mokluli SeiaraRebuli

konfliqtebis dros. uTvalav SemTxvevaSi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis
zegavlena bavSvebis cxovrebaze SeumCneveli rCeba. bavSvebi SeiZleba gairiyon
sazogadoebisgan, moxvdnen specialur dawesebulebebSi, quCaSi an gaxdnen
prostituciis msxverplni. is bavSvebi, vinc dakarga mSoblebi, xSirad ganicdian
damcirebas, uaryofas da diskriminacias, rasac isini uTqmelad itanen, xolo
maTi TviTSefaseba ngrevas ganicdis.
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media da bavSvebi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros
jariskaci bavSvebis monawileoba konfliqtebSi mTels msoflioSi warmoadgens

ara marto humanitarul kriziss, aramed media sensaciasac. televiziiTa da
presiT gadaicema gamosaxulebebi 11 wlis bavSvebisa, romlebic ewevian sigaras
da aRWurvilni arian iaraRiT, xolo oficialuri Setyobinebebi gaerodan da
adamianis uflebebis damcveli oragnizaciebis mmarTveli organodan amxelen
SemaSfoTebel detalebs imisa, rasac Cveulebriv aRweren, rogorc `mzard
fenomens~. jariskaci bavSvebi amJamad figurireben filmebSi, rogoricaa
`sisxliani almasi~, aseve deiv egersis romanSi, xolo bred pitma Seqmna
dokumenturi filmi maTi gaWirvebis Sesaxeb. 2007 wels `starbaqsma~ wignis klubi
gaxsna yofili kileri biWis pirvel pirSi monaTxrobi ambiT. magram moaqvs Tu
ara am istoriebs sargebloba?
mediis roli sazogadoebis mier sagangebo situaciebis ukeT gaTviTcnobierebaSi

Zalze mniSvnelovania qmediTi sapasuxo zomebis organizebisa da bavSvebis
sicocxlis gadarCenis mizniT. Tumca axali ambebis wamyvan saagento `roiteris~
cnobiT, msoflios udidesi `daviwyebuli katastrofebis~ mTavar dartymas
bavSvebi iRebdnen, maTma gaWirvebam ki mxolod odnav gaielva saerTaSiriso
axal ambebSi.
`roiteris~ àlert netma~ Caatara humanitaruli eqspertebisa da Jurnalistebis

gamokiTxva, romelic gansazRvravs planetis yvelaze saxifaTo adgilebs
bavSvebisaTvis. is ukeTebda analizs globalur mediareportaJebs inglisur
enaze im pirveli 10 cxeli wertilidan, romlebic dasaxelebuli iyo
respondentebis mier, da mcire kavSiri ipova tanjva-wamebis masStabebsa da
Sesabamisi sagazeTo svetebis sisqes Soris. nacvlad amisa, rogorc Cans, mediis
yuradRebas dasavleTis ZalebisaTvis am adgilebis geopolitikuri mniSvneloba
iqcevda. mediis yuradRebis centrSi umTavresad erayi, palestinis teritoriebi
da avRaneTi iyvnen. nuTu Jurnalists ara aqvs valdebuleba bavSvebis winaSe sxva
konfliqtur wertilebSi?
rogorc Jurnalists, Tqven gekisrebaT pasuxismgebloba im bavSvebis mimarT,

romelTa Sesaxebac amzadebT reportaJs. Tqvens mier gamoqveynebul masalas
gaecnobian adamianebi, romelTac SeiZleba ar hqondeT gamocdili bavSvebis
mier gadatanili saSineli movlenebi. Tqveni Tema SeiZleba gaxdes ucxo pirTa
sibralulis, TanagrZnobis an Tundac didsulovnebis sagani. magram ra bedi
ewevaT im bavSvebs, visTanac Jurnalists aqvs urTierToba?
magaliTad, devnilTa banakebi ufrosebisTvisac ki SeiZleba SiSis momgvreli

da saxifaTo adgili iyos, rom araferi vTqvaT bavSvebze, gansakuTrebiT,
rodesac isini mSobliuri garemodan Sors imyofebian. humanitaruli daxmarebis
muSakebi gamoTqvamen pretenzias, rom ucxouri mediis Carevam SeiZleba
gaaZlieros bavSvebis travma, aseve SeiZleba cru molodini Causaxos imaT, visac
garkveulwilad mainc esmis mediis roli.
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amis sapirispirod, Jurnalisturi eTikis saqvelmoqmedo organizacia `mediauaiz

trastma~ (MediaWise Trust) Seqmna saxelmZRvanelo principebi JurnalistebisTvis,
romlebic intervius arTmeven bavSvebs omisa da bunebrivi katastrofebis dros,
raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli maTTvis uneblieT zianis miyeneba, rodesac
pirveladi ganzraxva aris ìstoriis ageba~.
`mediauaiz trast~: saxelmZRvanelo principebi reportiorebisTvis, romlebic

intervius iReben bavSvebisgan omisa da bunebrivi katastrofebis dros
1. pirvel adgilze daayeneT bavSvis WeSmariti interesebi. Tqvens

reportaJebs SeiZleba moulodneli Sedegebi mohyves da amitom ifiqreT
Tqvens motivaciaze, imaze, Tu rogor iqneba warmodgenili ambavi
da ra zemoqmedeba SeiZleba iqonios aman bavSvze. erT-erTi mTavari
sakiTxia maTi individualuroba. magaliTad, (yofili) jariskaci bavSvi,
romelic medias esaubreba, SeiZleba mkvlelobis msxverpli gaxdes, Tu
misi zedamxedveli gaigebs, rom is gadascems informacias, romelmac
SeiZleba Crdili miayenos ufrosebs. analogiurad, danaSaulebrivi
qmedebebis mowme bavSvebi SeiZleba daisajon, devnilTa banakebSic ki.
2. moipoveT nebarTvebi, rodesac da sadac SesaZlebelia. Tu bavSvebi

pasuxismgebeli ufrosebis meTvalyureobis qveS imyofebian, maTTan
saubris dawyebamde gaigeT maTi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. yovlad
miuRebelia intervius CamorTmeva mZimed travmirebuli bavSvebisTvis,
xolo rac ufro daTrgunulia bavSvi, miT ufro mniSvnelovania
misi dakiTxva misTvis nacnobi ufrosis TandaswrebiT. yovelTvis
SeamowmeT, misaRebia Tu ara maTi sruli identifikacia (saxelis an
fotos gamoqveyneba).
3. dafiqrdiT sruli identifikaciis dadebiT da uaryofiT mxareebze. bavSvis

pirovnuli identurobis aRiareba mis mimarT pativiscemisa da misgan
ndobis mopovebis mniSvnelovani elementia, magram am monacemebis bolomde
sajarod gaxmaureba SeiZleba miuRebeli iyos. SeiZleba bavSvs araferi
hqondes sawinaaRmdego, magram rogorc pasuxismgebel ufross, Tqven
mogeTxovebaT, gaiTvaliswinoT SesaZlo Sedegebi. maSinac ki, rodesac
intervius iRebT bavSvebisgan, romelTac dakarges kavSiri TavianT
ojaxebTan, gamoiCineT windaxeduloba maTi sruli piradi monacemebis
gamJRavnebasTan dakavSirebiT. moZebneT saTanado gzebi, rom SeatyobinoT
namdvil naTesavs, magram sifrTxiliT moekideT sruli identifikaciis
gamJRavnebas im SemTxvevaSi, Tu damatebiTi riskis qveS ayenebT bavSvebs.
dRes mediis yvela forma globaluria – ase rom, Tqveni istoria
SeiZleba naxon adamianebma, romelTa ganzraxva, daekontaqton bavSvebs,
SeiZleba saeWvo iyos. Tu eWvi gawuxebT, miiReT rCeva bavSvisTvis nacnobi
ufrosebisgan. marTla aucilebelia Tu ara es suraTi?
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4. yovelTvis mieciT bavSvs axsna-ganmarteba. SeecadeT, uzrunvelyoT, rom

bavSvma icodes, ras akeTebT. Tqven ver iqnebiT darwmunebuli imaSi,
megobrad gTvliT is Tu mtrad, amitom daiwyeT imis ganmartebiT, Tu vin
xarT Tqven, ratom gindaT masTan saubari da ras gaakeTebT mopovebuli
informaciiT, aseve, savaraudod, vin iqneba Tqveni auditoria. uCveneT
Tqveni piradobis damadasturebeli sabuTi da auxseniT, rogor muSaobs
Tqveni aRWurviloba.
5. mieciT bavSvs dro. SeiZleba Tqvens dRis wesrigSi vadebi SezRudulia,

magram es arafers niSnavs travmirebuli bavSvebisTvis. rodesac es
SesaZlebelia, mieciT saSualeba, kargad gagicnon, Tundac ramdenime
dRis manZilze. Tqven unda SeZloT, rom misceT maT dro; Tu es ar
SegiZliaT, kidev erTxel dafiqrdiT maTTan kontaqtis damyarebaze. isini
ar arian iq TqvenTvis; isini Tqven giyureben rogorc ufross, romelic
Cavida iq maT sanaxavad. maTi keTildReoba da sacxovrebeli pirobebi
ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre maTi ìstoria~ da mosalodnelia, rom isini
ufro advilad gaixsnebian mas Semdeg, rac SeeCvevian Tqvens iq yofnas.
yvelaze mniSvnelovania, rom realurad moisminoT maTi naTqvami da ara
ubralod daiWiroT `frazebi, romelTa citirebac SeiZleba~. karg droSic
ki zog bavSvs ar moswons, rodesac mas garkveuli jgufis an `tipis~
warmomadgenlad warmoaCenen. SesaZlebelia, Tqven SeZloT ganzogadeba
ramdenime bavSvTan gasaubrebis Semdeg, magram SeecadeT, gaacnobieroT
maTi individualuri gamocdileba, nacvlad imisa, rom eZioT krizisSi
myofi bavSvebis `gamomsaxvelobiTi~ tipaJi da istoriebi.
6. SeamowmeT informacia, rodesac ki aris amis saSualeba. bavSvebi SeiZleba

gasaocari da mimzidveli mowmeebi aRmoCndnen, magram maTi gamoucdeloba
da mwiri leqsikoni SeiZleba gaugebrobis sababi gaxdes. SeiZleba maT
Zalian moindomon, rom gasiamovnon da mogiyvnen imas, ris gagonebac Tqven
gindaT, da ara imas, rac TviTon ician. travmirebuli bavSvis mier moyolil
istoriebSi misi grZnobebi da SiSebi SeiZleba realurTan SedarebiT
gazviadebulad iyos aRwerili. nu daeyrdnobiT bavSvs, rogorc `myar
mowmes~, sanam ar SeamowmebT faqtebs sxva mowmeebTan an im adamianebTan,
visac meti informacia aqvs bavSvis ambis Sesaxeb.
7. ar gamoiwvioT cru molodini. travmirebul bavSvs SeiZleba gauCndes

mcdari molodini an SiSi, rodesac ucxo adamiani gansakuTrebul
interess iCens mis mimarT. arasdros SeecadoT qrTamiT an pirferobiT
maT dayoliebas da arasdros misceT cru dapirebebi, ramdenadac ar unda
gindodeT maT mimarT TanagrZnobisa da simpaTiis gamomJRavneba. bavSvebi
krizisul situaciebSi kidev didxans rCebian, mas Semdeg, rac media
dakargavs interess maTi ambebis mimarT, xolo Seusrulebeli dapirebebi
kidev ufro met zians ayenebs maT ndobas adamianebis mimarT. calkeuli
bavSvebis an ojaxebis gamorCevam maTTan gansakuTrebuli urTierTobiT
SeiZleba warmoSvas problemebi Tqveni wasvlis Semdeg.
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Tu daxmareba gsurT, SeuTanxmdiT kolegebs garkveuli gzebis Sesaxeb, rom

gauziaroT Tqveni resursebi didi moculobis jgufebs – SesaZlebelia,
saimedo adgilobrivi saagentos saSualebiT.
8. daamyareT kavSirebi. Tu Tqven unda gadmosceT bavSvis istoria, rodesac

es SesaZlebeli iqneba, SeecadeT, uzrunvelyoT am bavSvTan xelaxali
dakavSirebis SesaZlebloba, magaliTad, konkretuli adamianis saSualebiT
humanitaruli daxmarebis saagentoSi. es mniSvnelovania ara mxolod
Semdgomi kontrolis mizniT, aramed im SemTxvevisTvisac, Tu Tqveni istoria
gamoiwvevs sapasuxo gamoxmaurebas, romelic SeiZleba mniSvnelovani iyos
bavSvisTvis (magaliTad, qveynis gareT mcxovrebi naTesavebisgan).
9. iyaviT dadebiTze orientirebuli. nu SegeSindebaT, Riad isaubroT

miwisZvraze/Setakebaze/mgzavrobaze, romelic gadaitanes bavSvebma, magram
SeecadeT, Zalian Rrmad ar CaeZioT piradul sakiTxebSi. isini mixvdebian,
Tu Tqven cdilobT, Tavi aaridoT Temas. airCieT imedismomcemi istoriebi
da ara iseTebi, romlebic sasowarkveTilebaSi agdebs – istoriebi piradi
gamZleobisa da gmirobis Sesaxeb. yvelaze cud viTarebaSic ki SeiZleba
iyos sixarulisa da sicilis momentebi, romlebic xazs usvams Cvens
erTian adamianur bunebas. bavSvebs aqvT swrafi sulieri reabilitaciis
araCveulebrivi unari da ubralod dadebiTi ambebis moyola SeiZleba
nugeSad iqces, rodesac irgvliv yovelive muq ferebSi Cans.
10. mieciT bavSvs saSualeba, ufro meti ilaparakos, vidre imoqmedos. bavSvebi
yvelaze kargad `muSaoben~ TavianT TanatolebTan erTad, amitom maTTan
kavSiris damyarebis erT-erTi saukeTeso gzaa jgufuri muSaoba. hkiTxeT,
SegiZliaT Tu ara daeswroT an SeuerTdeT maT TamaSebs. mieciT saSualeba,
agixsnan TamaSis principi, xolo mas Semdeg, rac interess gamoiCenT, maT
SeiZleba xmaurianad moiTxovon erTmaneTis Sesaxeb moyola. Tu isini
miwaze sxedan, Tqvenc SeuerTdiT. Tu isini Tqveni Camweri mowyobilobebiT
dainteresdnen, mieciT ufleba, rom mosinjon – Seexon da gamoiyenon
kidevac. yvelaze mniSvnelovania, rom Tqven gekisrebaT pasuxismgebloba _
ar gamoiwvioT maTi xelaxali travmireba. rodesac isini mohyvebian Tavis
istoriebs, nu CaeZiebiT detalebs, Tu gamoxataven, rom es ar surT. rogorc
ar unda gWirdebodeT es angariSisTvis, mieciT Tavisufleba, nacvlad imisa,
rom emociuri damcireba gamoiwvioT. gaSordiT, rodesac dainaxavT, rom
bavSvi Caiketa, moiwyina an zedmetad aJitirebulia da darwmundiT, rom
pasuxismgebeli ufrosi saqmis kursSia momxdarTan dakavSirebiT.
146
`hiuman raits uoC~: www.hrw.org
ùorCaild~: www.warchild.org.uk
ùoClist~: http://www.watchlist.org/
koalicia jariskaci bavSvebis gamoyenebis sawinaaRmdegod: http://www.child-soldiers.org/
ìunisefi~ – bavSvebi SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi:

http://www.unicef.org/emerg/index_chilsoldiers.html
gaeros generaluri mdivnis specialuri warmomadgenlis ofisi bavSvebisa da SeiaraRebuli

konfliqtebisaTvis: http://www.un.org/children/conflict/english/home6.html
T.j. rideli, òmi rCeba ucvlel realobad CrdiloeT ugandelebis cxovrebaSi~:

www.law.utoronto.ca/documents/ihrp/report05_Riddell.doc
alertnet: rCevebis furceli – `rogor gavakeToT reportaJi krizisSi myof bavSvebze~

http://www.alertnet.org/thefacts/reliefresources/115254539757.htm
alertnet: `bavSvebi itanjebian mediis mzeris miRma~ - kvleva

http://www.alertnet.org/thefacts/reliefresources/115254878772.htm
7. sityvis Tavisufleba bavSvebs da bavSvebze orientirebuli

media

 bavSvebisTvis mediis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa
 rogor uzrunvelvyoT bavSvis ufleba, gamoTqvas sakuTari mosazreba
mediaSi
 sabavSvo media
gaumjobesebuli teqnologiebisa da uaxlesi progresis meSveobiT mediis

gamoyeneba gasul aTwleulSi sagrZnoblad gaizarda, vinaidan is aZlevs adamianebs
ukeTes SesaZleblobas, miiRon informacia da aimaRlon codna. aseTi winsvla
aZlevs bavSvebsa da axalgazrdebs mediasa da, aqedan gamomdinare, zogadad
sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi ufro metad CarTvis saSualebas, informirebis,
mxardaWerisa da TavianT Tanatolebsa da aseve ufrosebze zegavlenis moxdenis
TvalsazrisiT. miuxedavad winsvlis aseTi SesaZleblobebisa, mediis garkveuli
saSualebebi eqspluatacias uweven bavSvebs da bavSvebisa da maTi mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb stereotipul cnobebs gadmoscemen.
bavSvebis monawileobiT medias SeuZlia axali perspeqtivebis SeTavazeba. seriozuli

argumentebi arsebobs imisaTvis, rom gaizardos bavSvebis monawileoba mediaSi.
147
bavSvebisa da mediis urTierTobis mniSvneloba aRiarebulia bavSvis uflebaTa

konvenciis Semdegi muxlebiT:
 me-12 muxli, romelic gansazRvravs wevri saxelmwifoebis rols _
uzrunvelyon bavSvebis ufleba, Tavisuflad gamoTqvan TavianTi azri
yvela im sakiTxze, romelic maT Seexeba, da rom maTi azri mxedvelobaSi
iqnes miRebuli;
 me-13 muxli, romelic gansazRvravs bavSvis uflebas mediaSi sityvis
Tavisuflebaze, misi arCevanis mixedviT;
 me-17 muxli, romelic acxadebs, rom wevri saxelmwifoebi pasuxismgebelni
arian, uzrunvelyon bavSvebisaTvis informaciis misawvdomoba sxvadasxva
erovnuli Tu saerTaSoriso sainformacio wyaroebidan. masmediisaTvis
es niSnavs bavSvisTvis sasargeblo socialuri da kulturuli saxis
informaciis gamoqveynebas.
medias didi potenciali aqvs, rom realobad aqcios bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis
principebi da standartebi, mas SeuZlia realurad daicvas da ganaxorcielos
bavSvTa uflebebi saTanado informaciis miRebasa da sityvis Tavisuflebaze,
aamaRlos konvenciisa da misi Sinaarsis Sesaxeb informirebulobis done da
centraluri rolis Seasrulos misi ganxorcielebis monitoringSi.
da mainc, miuxedavad imisa, rom msoflios mosaxleobis erTi mesamedi 18 wlamde

asakisaa, bavSvebis azri da mdgomareoba iSviaTad aisaxeba mediaSi koreqtulad.
rogorc gamokvlevam (mediis kvlevis proeqti 2004) aCvena, bavSvebi, Cveulebriv,
seriozulad Semcirebuli raodenobiT arian warmodgenilni mediaSi. rogorc
erT-erTma bavSvma aRniSna mediamonitoringis RonisZiebis dros: àxali ambebis
dros Tavi gamotovebulad vigrZeni. TiTqos bavSvebi ar arsebobdnen“.
rodesac bavSvebis istoriebi xvdeba mTavari Temebis saTaurebSi, rogorc wesi,

es ar aris maTi cxovrebisTvis aqtualur sakiTxebze, Temebi moicavs mxolod
dramatul da eqstremalur SemTxvevebs. realurad, mediis mier bavSvebis
gaSuqebis didi wili negatiuria.
ras fiqroben bavSvebi, rodesac maT eZlevaT saSualeba, monawileoba miiRon

mediaSi? bavSvTa uflebebis damcvelma arasamTavrobo organizacia `plen
interneiSenalma“ dausva SekiTxva patara Jurnalistebis jgufs, Tu ratom aris
maTi monawileoba mediaSi mniSvnelovani. maT aseTi pasuxebi gasces:
 es aZlevs maT SesaZleblobas, gaecnon TavianT uflebebsa da movaleobebs

da uzrunvelyofs maT saTanadod warmodgenas;
 es aZlevs maT saSualebas, isargeblon monawileobisa da azris Tavisuflad
gamoxatvis TavianTi uflebebiT da uzrunvelyofs maTi prioritetebisa
da problemebis saTanadod gaSuqebas;
 es aZlevs maT xmis uflebas, romliTac isini gaacnoben mSoblebs,
sazogadoebasa da mTavrobas TavianT uflebebs da mosTxoven maT dacvas;
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 es aerTianebs bavSvebs da warmoadgens saSualebas, romliTac maT SeuZliaT,

TavianT Tanatolebs mouTxron maT cxovrebaSi momxdari movlenebis
Sesaxeb;
 es exmareba bavSvebs, Seexon delikatur sakiTxebs SiSisa da dasjis gareSe,
eZion daxmareba da iswavlon prevenciuli strategiebi (magaliTad, rogor
daicvan Tavi uflebaTa iseTi darRvevisagan, rogoricaa trefikingi).
bavSvebis mediaSi monawileobis xelSewyobis gamocdilebam aCvena, rom bavSvebs

SeuZliaT mediasaSualebis daarseba, bavSvis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli
sakiTxebis gamokvleva, gamosavali gzebis Zieba da sakuTari uflebebis damcvelis
rolSi gamosvla. TandaTanobiT ufrosebi iwyeben damokidebulebis Secvlas
mediaSi bavSvebis monawileobis mimarT da bavSvebis Sefasebas sazogadoebis
cvlilebis xelSemwyob agentebad. bavSvebis mier msoflio masStabiT
ganxorcielebuli warmatebuli mediaproeqtebis magaliTebi gviCvenebs, Tu
rogor SeiZleba bavSvTa monawileobis uflebis xorcSesxma mizanmimarTulad.
bavSvebis monawileoba mediaSi
bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis mediis industriaSi CarTvis mTavari xelis

SemSleli faqtori aris is, rom isini SeiZleba potenciurad saxifaTo
samuSao garemoSi aRmoCndnen. Tu es aris saqmiani adgili, sadac bevri xalxi,
moZraoba da aRWurvilobaa, es maT gansakuTrebul safrTxeebs Seuqmnis.
bunebrivma cnobismoyvareobam da im faqtma, rom aseTi adgilebi ar aris
gankuTvnili zrdasruli adamianis saSualoze dabali simaRlis adamianebisTvis,
SeiZleba riskis qveS daayenos bavSvebi.
samuSao reJimi maRali aqtivobis mediis dawesebulebebSi ar aris bavSvisadmi

keTilganwyobili; is, rac Rirebuli gamocdileba unda iyos, zedmiwevniTi
momzadebis gareSe SeiZleba damabneveli da saxifaTo gaxdes yvela mxarisaTvis.
xSirad ufrosebs eSiniaT, rom bavSvebma ar daazianon Zvirad Rirebuli an
mgZnobiare aparatura da mowyobilobebi.
zogierTi aucilebeli usafrTxoebis zoma did xarjebTanaa dakavSirebuli,

magram bavSvebis mimarT arsebuli safrTxeebis umravlesoba ufrosebisTvisac
safrTxes warmoadgens. samuSao adgilis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa
bavSvebisaTvis damatebiTi garantia iqneba imisa, rom is ufrosebisTvisac
usafrTxoa.
winaswari dagegmva Zalze mniSvnelovania nebismier samuSao adgilze

bavSvebis usafrTxo saqmianobis uzrunvelsayofad. bevr mediainiciativaSi
SemuSavebulia Sida saxelmZRvanelo principebi (wesebi), magram xSirad
aseTi sakiTxebis mogvareba sagangebo reJimSi xdeba. saukeTeso praqtikul
meTodebTan dakavSirebuli gamocdilebis gaziarebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebeli
iqneba industriis normebis Camoyalibeba, danergva da gakontroleba. qvemoT
mocemulia ramdenime rekomendacia:
149
 dauTmeT garkveuli dro bavSvebis momzadebas arasamuSao adgilze.

 rodesac bavSvebi adgilze arian, gaacaniT maT, Tu ra potenciuri
riskebi arsebobs da vis unda mimarTon daxmarebisTvis. darwmundiT, rom
maTTvis xelmisawvdomia sufTa sveli wertilebi, saTanado zomis oTaxi
dasasveneblad da gamagrilebeli sasmelebis miRebis saSualeba.
 yvelaze mniSvnelovania, rom maT nebismier dros SeeZloT mimarTon
daxmarebisTvis an rCevisTvis ufrosi asakis sul mcire erT adamians,
romelsac icnoben.
 is adamianebi, romlebic pasuxismgebelni arian bavSvebis monawileobaze,
unda gaecnon jandacvisa da usafrTxoebis maregulirebel wesebs,
rodesac maT bavSvebis mimarT iyeneben. maT unda uzrunvelyon, rom
bavSvebsa da maT mzrunvelebs miewodoT martivi, gasagebi ganmartebebi
samuSao adgilze usafrTxoebis normebis Sesaxeb da SemuSavebuli unda
iqnes kontrolis martivi, bavSvebisTvis gasagebi meqanizmebi – magaliTad,
avariuli situaciis dros evakuaciis savarjiSoSi maTi monawileobis
uzrunvelyofiT.
 isini, vinc adgilze muSaobs, informirebulni unda iyvnen, rom
garkveul adgilebSi da garkveul dros SeiZleba iyvnen bavSvebi da unda
mieceT saSualeba, imsjelon aqedan gamomdinare Sedegebze maTTvis da
bavSvebisaTvis.
 im adamianebma, vinc uSualod bavSvebTan muSaobs, unda imoqmedon
detalurad ganxiluli da SeTanxmebuli saxelmZRvanelo principebis
mixedviT.
dasawyisisTvis sasurvelia, rom bavSvebs mieceT saSualeba, imsjelon an Tavisi

SeniSvnebi gamoTqvan maTTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze; maT SeuZliaT, magaliTad,
naxon sabavSvo filmebi an wignebi ufrosebisTvis gankuTvnil presaSi da mediis
sxva saSualebebSi.
bavSvebTan erTad da bavSvebisTvis momzadebuli mediaprogramebis

dadebiTi mxareebi
mediaproeqtebis Sefasebebi cxadyofs, rom mediaSi bavSvebis monawileobas

uamravi sasargeblo Sedegi moaqvs:
gaumjobesebuli mediaproduqti: mediis profesionalebis sabavSvo mediaSi

CarTulobis Sedegad iqmneba ara mxolod meti sabavSvo media, aramed amiT
SeiZleba Seiqmnas ukeTesi xarisxis media bavSvebisTvis da bavSvebTan erTad:
dasavleT afrikis 100-mde radiosadgurma monawileoba miiRo proeqtSi `me

bavSvi var, magram mec maqvs Cemi uflebebi!~ (romelic acnobs mSoblebs,
bavSvebs da xelisuflebas maT funqciebsa da movaleobebs gaeros bavSvis
uflebaTa konvenciasTan mimarTebiT). Sedegad msmenelebis daJinebuli
150
moTxovnis safuZvelze gaizarda sabavSvo programebis raodenoba, gaumjobesda

programebis xarisxi da procesSi ufro meti bavSvi CaerTo. aseve amaRlda
informirebulobis done da codna bavSvebis uflebebis da qveyanaSi bavSvebis
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.
cvlilebis moxdena: mediaSi bavSvebis monawileobas SeuZlia, gavlena moaxdinos

politikis Semqnelebze samTavrobo doneze:
indoeTSi ganxorcielebul proeqtSi `bavSvebs raRac aqvT saTqmeli~

axalgazrdebi qmnian mxatvrul da animaciur filmebs im sakiTxebis speqtrze,
romlebic zemoqmedebas axdens maT cxovrebaze. erT-erTma filmma `gutkaze~
(Tambaqos, betelis Txilis da limonis saxeobis, laimis nazavi) damokidebulebis
Sesaxeb moswavleebi imdenad STaagona, rom maT Seadgines peticia maT skolebTan
axlomdebare maRaziebSi misi gayidvis akrZalvis moTxovniT. moswavleebma
TavianTi moTxovna warudgines raionul xelmZRvanelobas, romelmac, Tavis
mxriv, akrZala gutkis moxmareba raionis yvela skolaSi da wamoiwyo masobrivi
sainformacio kampania moswavleebTan TanamSromlobiT.
bavSvebis ganviTareba: bavSvebis monawileobas mediaSi wvlili Seaqvs maT

zogad ganviTarebaSi. teqnikuri da profesiuli unarebis SeswavlasTan erTad
(rogoricaa aRWurvilobis gamoyeneba da scenaris teqstis wakiTxva da
interpretacia) isini iZenen sasicocxlo unar-Cvevebs, romlebic aZlevs maT
ganviTarebis da sakuTari azris ufro efeqtianad gamoTqmis SesaZleblobas
problemebis gadaWris, komunikaciis, TviTgamoxatvisa da molaparakebis
warmoebis unarebis gamomuSavebiT.
mediaSi monawileoba exmareba bavSvebs, gaecnon mediis funqcionirebas

da informaciis moZraobas da warmoebas da met SesaZleblobebs aZlevs,
miiRon saTanado informacia da gaTviTcnobierebuli gadawyvetilebebi.
mediaprogramebis monitoringsa da SefasebaSi monawileobiT isini iZenen
Rirebul ganaTlebas mediis sferoSi da SesaZlebloba aqvT, gaxdnen mediis
yvela saxeobis kritikuli momxmareblebi.
mediisTvis garkveuli komerciuli interesi arsebobs bavSvebis mozidvaSi, rac

imaSi gamoixateba, rom amiT yalibdeba momavali mediamomxmarebeli. bevri gazeTi
axorcielebda axalgazrdebisTvis gamiznul proeqtebs, magram cota maTgani Tu
izidavda bavSvebs, anda amas mxolod periferiebSi akeTebda.
sabavSvo mediaSi saqmianobiT bavSvebs SeuZliaT urTierToba daamyaron da

iswavlon sxva biWebisa da gogonebisgan, gaiCinon axali megobrebi da iswavlon
TavianTi Tanatolebis TanagrZnoba, rac aucilebeli unaria politikuri
cnobierebisa da socialuri Segnebis ganviTarebisTvis. amasTanave, mediis
daxmarebiT azris gamoxatvam SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos bavSvebis fsiqosocialur
reabilitacias da normalur kalapotSi Cadgomas mtkivneuli gamocdilebis
Semdeg da Causaxos maT imedi.
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Sri-lankaSi aziis axalgazrdulma televiziam xeli Seuwyo bavSvebis jgufis

monawileobas dokumentur filmSi, romelmac misca maT saSualeba, gamoexataT
TavianTi grZnobebi 2004 wels indoeTis okeaneSi cunamis Taobaze. filmi, romelic
Tavidan bolomde bavSvebis gakeTebulia, asaxavs am tragediis Sedegebs da imas,
Tu rogor Secvala am movlenam maTi cxovreba. niSaki (16 wlis) ambobs, rom
maT undodaT, aqcenti gaekeTebinaT imaze, Tu rogori simamaciT umklavdebian
bavSvebi cxovrebiseul siZneleebs.
aqtiuri moqalaqeoba: mediaproeqtebis yvela etapze axalgazrdebis CarTulobas

SeuZlia ganaviTaros maTi, rogorc aqtiuri moqalaqeebisa da damcvelebis,
potenciali. bavSvebs SeuZliaT, imis kargi macneebi iyvnen, Tu ra gavlenas
axdens uflebebis darRveva maT cxovrebaze, xolo mediaSi monawileobas SeuZlia
misces maT SesaZlebloba, Tavad moiTxovon cvlileba. gamocdileba exmareba
maT, efeqtianad gamoxaton TavianTi saTqmeli sxva forumebzec.
mediaSi monawileobis Sedegad bavSvebi Tavs dafasebulad grZnoben da sakuTari

Tavis rwmena ematebaT. es aris sakuTari niWis aRmoCenisa da ufrosebisa da
Tanatolebisgan aRiarebis Sedegi. sazogadoebisaTvis sargeblobis motanis
grZnobasac SeuZlia waaxalisos bavSvebi, aqtiurad iRvawon sxva sferoebSic da
Tavis Tavze aiRon axali funqciebi da valdebulebebi.
globaluri konteqsti
bavSvebisa da mediis Temaze gamarTul ramdenime globalur Sexvedraze

aRiarebul iqna am sferoSi bavSvebis monawileobis mniSvneloba. es Sexvedrebia:
 bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis mier gamarTuli zogadi diskusiis dRe

Temaze `bavSvi da media~ (Sveicaria, 1995): `medias mniSvnelovani roli aqvs
bavSvebisTvis TviTgamoxatvis SesaZleblobebis micemis TvalsazrisiT.
konvenciis erT-erTi principi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom bavSvis azri unda
moisminon da gaiTvaliswinon... bavSvebs unda SeeZloT ara mxolod
sainformacio masalebis SeTviseba, aramed Tavad unda miiRon monawileoba
mediaSi~.
 òslos gamowveva~ (norvegia, 1999): `gamowveva bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis
mimarT aris is, rom moZebnon gzebi mediaSi da mediis ganviTarebaSi
sakuTari aqtiuri monawileobis xelSewyobisaTvis; gamowveva mSoblebis,
maswavleblebisa da mkvlevrebisadmi aris bavSvTa uflebebis aRiareba da
dacva, rom maTTvis xelmisawvdomi iyos media, miiRon masSi monawileoba da
gamoiyenon is winsvlis berketad~.
 me-4 msoflio samiti Temaze `media bavSvebisa da mozardebisaTvis~ (brazilia,
2004), sadac ufrosebis mxridan gakeTda winadadeba, rom `xeli unda Seewyos
mediaproduqcias bavSvebisa da mozardebis monawileobiT~, xolo bavSvebis
mxridan gamoiTqva azri, rom `bavSvebsa da mozardebs garantirebuli unda
hqondeT adgili mediaproduqtebis warmoebasa da mauwyeblobaSi~.
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 axalgazrduli mediis ganviTarebis forumi (mali, 2006): eswreboda 400

delegati 60 qveynidan msoflio masStabiT, maT Soris iseTi qveynebidan,
rogoricaa albaneTi, benini, burkina faso, kameruni, ekvadori, el-salvadori,
eTiopia, gana, gvinea, gvinea-bisau, haiti.
 me-5 msoflio samiti Temaze `media bavSvebisaTvis~ (iohanesburgi, 2007): 1 000-
ze meti adamiani 90-mde qveynidan, maT Soris, sul mcire 300 adgilobrivi da
ucxoeli bavSvi, Seikriba konferenciaze; gaimarTa interaqtiuli seminarebi,
debatebi da diskusiebi, raTa gansazRvruliyo gzebi bavSvebisTvis mediaSi
xmis uflebis misacemad. konferencia Seexo mediaSi bavSvTa warmomadgenlobis
sakiTxs da imas, Tu zogadad ra wvlili Seitana mediam sazogadoebis mier
bavSvebis aRqmaSi. samitze aseve ganxiluli iqna bavSvebis mier sakuTari
Tavisa da problemebis warmoCenaSi monawileobis xelSewyobis variantebi da
saSualebebi. debatebis centraluri Tema iyo _ rogor SeiZleba CaerTon
bavSvebi sakuTari Tavisa da problemebis warmoCenisa da gadacemebis Seqmnis
procesSi.
mediaSi bavSvebis monawileobasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebi da

winaaRmdegobebi
bavSvis uflebaTa komitetma erTxel ganacxada, rom `bavSvoba ar aris cxovrebis

mosacdeli oTaxi~. miuxedavad imisa, rom msoflios mosaxleobis TiTqmis erT
mesameds 18 wlamde axalgazrdebi Seadgenen, media iSviaTad warmoaCens am
jgufis Sexedulebebsa Tu realur yofas. zogadad, rogorc CrdiloeT, ise
samxreT naxevarsferoSi media SezRudul SesaZleblobebs aZlevs bavSvebs, rom
maT isargeblon monawileobisa da maTTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze sakuTari
azris gamoTqmis TavianTi uflebebiT.
araadekvaturi aqcenti keTdeboda mediis yvela doneze, maT Soris

mediamonitoringis sferoSi, bavSvebis mizanmimarTuli monawileobis
saWiroebasTan dakavSirebiT. maT monawileobas jer ar miupyria is
prioritetuli yuradReba, romelsac imsaxurebs. da rCeba rigi zogadi
sirTuleebisa, romlebic unda gadailaxos, imisaTvis, rom xeli Seewyos
mediaSi bavSvebis monawileobas.
socialuri damokidebulebebi da winaaRmdegoba bavSvebis monawileobis mimarT

media ufro xSirad kontroldeba ufrosebis mier, romelTac yovelTvis ar surT,
rom daTmon TavianTi Zalaufleba da miscen bavSvebs ufleba, maT gansazRvron
dRis wesrigi. meore mxriv, Tavad mSoblebs xSirad ar esmiT bavSvebis wvlilis
mniSvneloba; rogorc wesi, isini fiqroben, rom mediaproeqtebi bevr dros
moiTxovs da skolaSi bavSvebis demotivacias uwyobs xels. magram arsebobs imis
damadasturebeli faqtebi, rom bavSvebis swavlis done xSirad umjobesdeba aseT
proeqtebSi maTi monawileobis Sedegad.
SeiZleba garkveuli winaaRmdegoba arsebobdes mSoblebSi, rom TavianT Svilebs

miscen bavSvTa uflebebis Seswavlis neba. bevr qveyanaSi xSirad aRiqmeba, rom
153
uflebebi winaaRmdegobaSia tradiciebTan, romelTac bavSvebi ar ayeneben

eWvqveS. mniSvnelovania, rom aseT damokidebulebebze reagireba moxdes
informaciis miwodebisa da mediaseqtorisa da mSoblebis sensitiurobis
gazrdis gziT.
eTikisa da dacvis sakiTxebi

mediaSi bavSvebis CarTulobis gazrdis mcdelobisas Cven aseve unda uzrunvelvyoT
maTi dacva mediisgan. magaliTad, im bavSvebis gamoCena mediaSi, romlebmac
Seuracxyofa an Zaladoba ganicades, xSirad SeiZleba maTi xelaxali damcirebis
wyaro gaxdes, vinaidan potenciurad SesaZlebelia, bavSvs devna dauwyon, Tu misi
vinaoba gaxmaurda. iseve rogorc ufrosi asakis Jurnalistebma, Jurnalistma
bavSvebmac SeiZleba zogjer ver SeZlon sxva bavSvebis dacva, visTan erTadac
muSaoben.
komercializacia, Zaladoba, seqsualuri zewola, genderuli stereotipebi da

sxva mavne zegavlenebi zRudaven bavSvebis SesaZleblobebs, rom maT monawileoba
miiRon mediaSi. msoflios mraval kuTxeSi Souebisa da programebis (magaliTad,
satelevizio) umravlesoba ar asaxavs bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis realur
cxovrebas. mavne zegavlenebisa da uaryofiTi gamosaxulebebisgan bavSvebis
dasacavad maT srulfasovani roli unda Seasrulon iseTi mediis Seqmnis
procesSi, romelic gadmoscems dadebiT informacias da sanaxaobas, sadac
asaxulia maTi cxovreba da ar irRveva maTi uflebebi.
investiciebisa da resursebis simcire

uaRresad mniSvnelovania, rom mediasaSualebis gamoSvebisas bavSvebs gamoeyoT
saTanado resursebi, raTa uzrunvelyofili iyos misawvdomoba da xarisxi.
mTel msoflioSi sabavSvo media `konkurencias~ uwevs sxva mediaproduqtebs;
imisaTvis, rom is seriozulad aRiqvan da maT xma miawvdinon maqsimalurad
farTo auditorias, produqtic iseTive maRali xarisxisa unda iyos. mediis
profesionalebis daxmarebis gareSe bavSvebi damoukideblad ver SeZleben aseTi
maRali xarisxis miRwevas.
unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis aucilebloba
bavSvebma, iseve, rogorc ufrosebis umravlesobam, yovelTvis ar ician, rom

ufleba aqvT, Tavisuflad gamoxaton TavianTi azri. isini xSirad morcxvebi
arian da uWirT azris gamoxatva, rodesac ar arian miCveulni amis gakeTebas.
mediatreningis gareSe bavSvebs SeiZleba SeeSindeT xmamaRla azris gamoTqmisa
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu araswor gzavnils awodeben an ar SeuZliaT sityvebiT
gamoTqvan TavianTi azrebi da grZnobebi. wera-kiTxvis armcodne, SezRuduli
SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebs da sxva socialurad izolirebul jgufebs
zogjer esaWiroebaT specialistis daxmareba, rom SeZlon srulfasovnad
monawileoba.
media aris erT-erTi saSualeba, riTac yvelaze daucvelebs SeuZliaT, xma

154
aRimaRlon. rodesac mediaprogramebi pativs scemen bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis

standartebsa da principebs, maT SeuZliaT Secvalon ufrosebis damokidebuleba
bavSvebis mimarT dadebiTi misabaZi magaliTebis CvenebiT; maT SeuZliaT sajarod
wamoWran iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa Zaladoba, romelTa Sesaxebac Cveulebriv
Znelia msjeloba da gaakritikon ufrosebis saqcieli.
bavSvebis mediaSi monawileoba damokidebulia imaze, rom maT mieceT saSualeba,

ilaparakon, magram amave dros hyavdeT saTanado auditoria, romelic maT
mousmens. im qveynebSi, sadac teqnologia saSualebas aZlevs bavSvebs, gamoiCinon
iniciativa, magaliTad, sakuTari vebgverdebis SeqmniT, amocanas warmoadgens is,
rom ar moxdes bavSvebis xmebisa da problemebis gadafarva uxvi informaciis
masaSi. sazogadoeba unda icnobdes bavSvebis Sexedulebebs, xolo mediam unda
Seqmnas sivrce bavSvebisaTvis.
`plen interneiSenal~: http://www.plan-international.org/

`laparaki, monawileoba da gadawyvitilebebis miReba – bavSvis ufleba, rom mousminon~, `Plan
International~, 2006 w.
`bavSvebi, axalgazrdebi da media mTel msoflioSi: tendenciebisa da problemebis mimoxilva~,
ìntermedia~ (2004 w.)
`bavSvebi mediaSi~, `plen sviden~ (2006 w.)
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti (1996 w.), `bavSvi da media~.
155
8. saukeTeso Jurnalisturi praqtika bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT
`me jer kidev mwams, rom, Tu Seni mizani msoflios Secvlaa, Jurnalistika
yvelaze pirdapiri da swrafi moqmedebis iaraRia~ – tom stopardi

 bavSvebis Sesaxeb axali ambebis gaSuqebis saukeTeso praqtika
 sabavSvo mediis monitoringi da Sefaseba: presa, radio, televizia
gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis 10 wlisTavze gamocemuli òslos gamowveva~

mouwodebda mediasaSualebaTa mflobelebsa da muSakebs, maswavleblebs,
politikosebs da Tavad bavSvebs, gamoeZebnaT axali gzebi imisaTvis, rom masmedia
gamxdariyo mTel msoflioSi bavSvebis cxovrebaze dadebiTi zegavlenis wyaro.
gamowveva kerZo seqtoris, maT Soris mediasaSualebaTa mflobelebis mimarT

aseTi iyo:
 axali mediaproduqtebisa da teqnologiebis Seqmnisas gaiTvaliswinon bavSvTa
uflebebi sxvadasxva momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobaze, monawileobaze,
mediaganaTlebis miRebasa da saziano Sinaarsisgan dacvaze;
 komerciuli da finansuri warmatebis Ziebisas upirveles prioritetad
daisaxon bavSvis WeSmariti interesebi, raTa bavSvebi aRizardon globalur
sazogadoebaSi, romelSic yvela adamiani daculi, pativcemuli da Tavisufalia.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, bevri Jurnalisti skeptikurad aris ganwyobili

bavSvTa saWiroebebisaTvis (da uflebebisaTvis) esoden didi yuradRebis
daTmobasTan dakavSirebiT. britaneTSi, magaliTad, yovel kviras ekonomikuri
Jurnali `pres gazet~ (Press Gazette) aqveynebs istoriebs im iuridiuli
sirTuleebis Sesaxeb, romlebic ukavSirdeba 18 wlamde pirebis monawileobiT
sasamarTlo saqmeebis gaSuqebis mimarT arsebul SezRudvebs. miuxedavad
imisa, rom gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis gaTvaliswinebiT kanonSi
Sevida cvlileba, romelic gansazRvravs, rom kanonTan konfliqtSi myof
bavSvebs ufleba aqvT, moixadon sasjeli sazogadoebrivi yuradRebis gareSe,
zogierTi amas afasebs, rogorc presis Tavisuflebis SezRudvas, Tu medias
ar SeuZlia damnaSaveebis dasaxeleba.
Tumca bevri Jurnalisti iRebs Tavisi samuSaos orientirad bavSvTa interesebs.

Cven SegviZlia davasaxeloT mTel msoflioSi maTi erToblivi muSaobis
magaliTebi. `Jurnalistebi bavSvebisa da qalebis uflebebis Sesaxeb~ makedoniaSi,
romelic Camoyalibda 2003 wels, awyobs bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis kampaniebs
mediaprezentaciebis, biuletenebisa da filmebis saSualebiT. saerTaSoriso
klubi – `Jurnalistebi bavSvTa uflebebisaTvis~ – Camoayalibes meTiu mak-
kvamma ganis Jurnalistikis institutidan da frenk asare-donkohma ganis
radiosadguridan `Cois ef em” (Choice FM).
156
sabavSvo axali ambebis braziliuri saagento ANDI ajildoebs bavSvebis megobar

Jurnalistebs, raTa stimuli misces maT, rom Seiswavlon da gaaSuqon bavSvebTan
dakavSirebuli Temebi. saagentoSi aRmoaCines, rom aseTma waxalisebam bavSvebi
maTTvis ufro misawvdomi gaxada – maT Soris cixeebSic.
fondi “Prix Jeunesse Foundation” aseve cdilobs, gaaumjobesos sabavSvo

telegadacemebis xarisxi mTel msoflioSi qveynebs Soris informaciis
urTierTgacvliTa da komunikaciis xelSewyobiT. fondi mxars uWers ideas, rom
televizia ufro mimzidveli unda iyos samizne auditoriisTvis da saSualeba
misces bavSvebs, dainaxon, moisminon da gamoxaton sakuTari azri da warmoaCinon
TavianTi kultura, amavdroulad, xeli Seuwyos cnobierebis amaRlebas da sxva
kulturebis dafasebas. fondis jildo sayovelTaod aRiarebulia, rogorc
yvelaze prestiJuli satelevizio prizi sabavSvo mauwyeblobaSi msoflios
masStabiT.
2003 wels JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federaciam da samxreT afrikis

JurnalistTa asociaciam Caatares ordRiani seminari keiptaunSi mediaSi bavSvTa
uflebebis Sesaxeb. diskusiebi fokusirebuli iyo Jurnalistebis socialur
pasuxismgeblobaze da gansakuTrebul sifrTxileze, romelic aucilebelia
bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli Temebis gaSuqebisas. monawileebma xazi gausves
im faqts, rom bavSvebi ar arian zrdasruli adamianebi da amitom sWirdebaT
gansakuTrebuli daxmareba da dacva. magram umetes SemTxvevebSi adgili aqvs
mediis mxridan bavSvebis mniSvnelovnad ugulebelyofas. Sexvedris Sedegad
gamoica publikacia saxelwodebiT `swori mimarTulebis micema bavSvebisTvis
– saerTaSoriso saxelmZRvanelo normebi Jurnalistebisa da mediis
profesionalebisaTvis~.
sxva organizaciebic gascemen jildos bavSvebze orientirebuli

JurnalistikisaTvis. 2002 wels `haitim~ da panos institutma vaSingtonSi
daaarses erovnuli Jurnalistikis prizi bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb gakeTebuli
saukeTeso reportaJisTvis. iniciativis Sedegad ara mxolod gaizarda bavSvebisa
da maTi uflebebis Sesaxeb momzadebuli maRali xarisxis reportaJebis warmoeba,
aramed man stimuli misca mediasaSualebaTa mflobelebsa da Jurnalistebs, rom
meti yuradReba daeTmoT bavSvebisaTvis.
saukeTeso praqtikis magaliTebi
gazeTebi
gazeTebi ganaTlebis sferoSi

msoflio sagazeTo asociacia (World Association of Newspapers (WAN) globaluri
organizaciaa, romelic warmoadgens 18 000 gazeTs, 71 nacionalur sagazeTo
asociacias, sagazeTo aRmasrulebel organoebs 100 qveyanaSi, axali ambebis 13
saagentos da cxra regionul da msoflio masStabis presjgufs. mTel msoflioSi
miRebul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT man gamosca 30 ideisgan Semdgari paketi
axalgazrda mkiTxvelebis mosazidad. asociaciam gamoacxada proeqtebis
157
`gazeTebi ganaTlebis sferoSi~ xuTwliani programa, romelic finansdeboda

1,74 milioni aSS dolariT umsxviles norvegiul kompania `norske skogis~ mier,
romelic sagazeTo qaRaldis msoflioSi meore umsxvilesi mwarmoebeli da
Jurnalis qaRaldis mesame umsxvilesi mwarmoebelia.
proeqti `gazeTebi ganaTlebis sferoSi~ mizania, rom beWdviTi publikaciebis

Seqmna gaxdes mTel msoflioSi yoveldRiuri saskolo cxovrebis bunebrivi
nawili. axali programa koncentrirebuli iqneba balkaneTisa da aziis qveynebze
da SeimuSavebs saswavlo masalebs maswavleblebisaTvis adgilobriv enebze.
idea isaa, rom sagazeTo publikaciebi gamoyenebuli iyos wignierebis donis
amaRlebis, zogadi codnis gafarToebis, analitikuri unarebis ganviTarebisa
da sityvis Tavisuflebis, tolerantulobisa da demokratiuli faseulobebis
popularizebisaTvis.
evro-arabuli samezoblo: moswavleTa Jurnalebi arabeTis qveynebsa da evropaSi
ìuneskos~ iniciativiT daiwyo proeqti èvro-arabuli mezobloba: moswavleebi

aSeneben xidebs~ islamur samyarosTan dialogis programis farglebSi. proeqti
daiwyo 2003 wlis dekemberSi. germaniaSi gamarTuli seminaris dros ganaTlebis
saministroebis, sajaro organizaciebis, gamomcemlobebisa da skolebis
eqspertebma daniidan, egviptidan, germaniidan, iordaniidan, libanidan, libiidan,
palestinidan, kataridan, sudanidan, siriidan, tunisidan da ukrainidan
safuZveli daudes Zlieri, stabiluri saskolo Jurnalebis qselis Seqmnas.
proeqtis mizania evro-arabuli dialogis stimulireba axalgazrdebs Soris

saskolo Jurnalebis TanamSromlobis meSveobiT. dialogi evropisa da
arabeTis qveynebis moqalaqeebs Soris mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebis winapirobaa
mravali sxvadasxva kulturisa da religiisagan Semdgar sazogadoebaSi.
evropisa da arabeTis saxelmwifoebis axalgazrdebs Soris gamocdilebis
gaziareba ukiduresad mniSvnelovania imisaTvis, rom, rac SeiZleba male
moxdes stereotipebis msxvreva da gaRrmavdes urTierTgageba. am
proeqtSi monawileobis miReba Tavisuflad SeuZlia yvela tipis
skolas da nebismieri asakis axalgazrdebs, romlebic dainteresebulni
arian Jurnalisturi TanamSromlobiT.
kuleanis centri bavSvTa uflebebisTvis

kuleanis centri bavSvTa uflebebisTvis mvanzaSi (tanzania) mediasa da
Jurnalistikas seriozul mokavSireebad ganixilavs. axalgazrdebi Seadgenen
mvanzis 800 000-iani mosaxleobis naxevars. maT Soris bevria quCis bavSvebi. mas
Semdeg, rac 1992 wels centri daarsda, quCis bavSvebma daiwyes TavianTi azrebis
gamoqveyneba kedlis gazeTebSi, romlebsac mTel qalaqSi akravdnen. dRes
plakati-Jurnali `mambo leo~ (Mambo Leo) yvela skolis kedlebze qveyndeba.
kuleanam mimarTa regionuli gazeTebis gamomcemlebs Semdegi mowodebiT: ès

Tqveni Svilebi arian: ris gakeTebas apirebT am situaciis gamosasworeblad?~
158
Tavdapirvelad quCis bavSvebis Sesaxeb reportaJebi sensaciuri iyo. mas Semdeg,

rac media ufro Tavdajerebuli gaxda, man daiwyo gamomwvevi mizezebis Zieba da
pirvel rigSi im pirobebis gamokvleva, ramac aiZula soflad mcxovrebi bavSvebi
gasuliyvnen quCaSi. adgilobrivma radiosadgurebma gamoyves 15-wuTiani saeTero
dro quCis bavSvebisaTvis da daaweses prizebi konkursSi gamarjvebulebisTvis.
regularuli statiebi gamoCnda inglisurad da suahilize gamocemul gazeTebSi.
centri TanamSromlobda tanzaniis qalTa mediaasociaciasTan bavSvTa mimarT
Zaladobis ukeT gaSuqebisaTvis.
radio
SedarebiT iafi, advilad xelmisawvdomi da mobiluri, radio yvelaze mdgradi

da qmediTi mediasaSualeba aRmoCnda yvelaze arakeTilmosurne socialur
pirobebSic ki. afrikaSi aTasobiT radiosadguria, didi da patara, sadac
is yvelaze mniSvnelovan sakomunikacio sistemad rCeba. axalgazrdebma
ostaturad SeZles radioteqnologiebis TavianTi miznebisTvis morgeba, isini
radiotalRebs `piratuli radios~ meSveobiT euflebodnen, xSirad imisaTvis,
rom maT musikalur gemovnebas miscemoda masobrivi moTxovnis dakmayofilebis
saSualeba. maT SemoqmedebiT energias SeuZlia Zlieri zegavlena moaxdinos
ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis mauwyeblebze.
`me bavSvi var, magram mec maqvs Cemi uflebebi~

`me bavSvi var, magram mec maqvs Cemi uflebebi!~ – aris radiogadacema,
romelsac qmnian bavSvebi. igi dasavleT afrikis teritoriaze gadaicema. is
pirvelad gavida eTerSi 1998 wels da atyobinebda mSoblebs, bavSvebs da
xelisuflebas maTi pasuxismgeblobis Sesaxeb, rom pativi unda scen bavSvTa
uflebebs. proeqtis mizania bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis propagandireba
radiotalRebis meSveobiT.
radioproeqti gadaicema burkina fasoSi, gvineaSi, togoSi, maliSi, senegalSi,

gvinea-bisausa da beninSi. 10-mde radiosadguri TiToeul qveyanaSi (romelTa
Sorisaa sazogadoebrivi, kerZo, soflisa da Temis radiosadgurebi) eTerSi uSvebs
ama Tu im qveynis unikaluri kulturis Sesabamisad adaptirebul programas.
istoriebi mogviTxrobs bavSvebis uflebaze, iaron skolaSi, isargeblon

sufTa wyliT, gaizardon janmrTelebi da daculni iyvnen eqspluataciisgan.
istoriebSi CarTulia uamravi komediuri msaxiobi da bavSvi (daaxloebiT 600
bavSvi da axalgazrda 6-dan 18 wlamde). bavSvebis monawileoba proeqtis umTavres
nawils warmoadgens. isini monawileoben uSualod gadacemis Seqmnis procesSi,
interviuebsa da debatebSi, radiokonkursebSi, gzavnian leqsebs, werilebsa da
naxatebs.
proeqti `me bavSvi var, magram mec maqvs Cemi uflebebi!~ scildeba radiokampaniis
farglebs. Teatrisa da skolis RonisZiebebi proeqtis Semadgeneli nawilia.
saagitacio proeqti bevrad aWarbebs mis dagegmil uSualo amocanebs da
Tavdapirvel sazRvrebs. Sous Seqmnasa da mauwyeblobaSi CarTulia asobiT bavSvi,
159
xolo mis farglebSi gamarTul konkursebsa da sajaro CawerebSi monawileoba

kidev mraval aTas bavSvs miuRia.
ambebis Txroba da saganmanaTleblo drama qmediTi da popularuli saSualebebi

aRmoCnda bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb informirebulobis donis asamaRleblad.
bavSvebs SeuZliaT, pirdapir TavianT cxovrebas daukavSiron istoriebi.
gzavnilebi gambedaobas aZlevs bavSvebs, moiTxovon daxmareba ufrosebisgan da
moZebnon TavianTi problemebis gadaWris gzebi. isini iZenen codnas, romelsac
gadascemen TavianT ojaxebsa da megobrebs, rodesac uyvebian gagonilis Sesaxeb.
rodesac bavSvebi usmenen, rogor saubroben sxvebi radioSi, es stimuls aZlevs
maT, rom Tavadac miiRon monawileoba an ipovon sxva gza, rom maTi xmebi gaigonon.
msoflio radioforumi
msoflio radioforumi eZRvneba maRali xarisxis mauwyeblobis xelSewyobas
bavSvebisaTvis da maT mier. 2001 wlis martSi saberZneTSi, salonikSi, gamarTul
mesame msoflio samitze `media bavSvebisaTvis~ daarsebuli forumis mizania,
radios meSveobiT daicvas bavSvTa uflebebi da maT sazogadoebaSi mcxovrebi
bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis statusi. masSi Sedis proeqtebi da kerZo kompaniebi
yvela kontinentidan, gansakuTrebiT ki afrikidan.
televizia
savaraudod, televizias mTel msoflioSi 15 wlamde asakis daaxloebiT 1.8

miliardi mayurebeli hyavs. maTgan 190 milioni cxovrobs umdidres regionebSi,
xolo 1,6 miliardi _ ganviTarebad samyaroSi. TiTqmis 142 satelituri da
sakabelo satelevizio arxi gamiznulia 15 wlamde adamianebisaTvis xuT
kontinentze. am arxebidan 88 evropaSia.
sazogadoebriv mauwyeblebs mTel msoflioSi akisriaT valdebuleba, Seqmnan

programebi bavSvebisaTvis, romlebic iqneba SemecnebiTi, gasarTobi da
saganmanaTleblo, Tumca programebis xarisxi da raodenoba mniSvnelovnad
gansxvavdeba.
britanuli programebi axalgazrdebisTvis
britaneTSi `bi-bi-si~-s erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili sabavSvo satelevizio programa

`blu piter~ (Blue Peter) Tavis 50 wlis iubiles 2008 wlis oqtomberSi aRniSnavs.
mas Jurnalis formati aqvs da gadaicema bavSvebis skolidan dabrunebidan cota
xnis Semdeg. wlebis ganmavlobaSi mis programebze did gavlenas axdenda Tavad
bavSvebis mier gamoTqmuli azrebi. is gadascems `gaakeTe Sen TviTon~ seriis
xelobis Semswavlel programebs, aRniSnavs bavSvebis warmatebas sxvadasxva
sferoSi, atarebs konkursebs da organizebas uwevs erovnul peticiebs bavSvebis
dasaxmareblad, romlebic SedarebiT gaWirvebulad cxovroben britaneTSi da
mis sazRvrebs gareT.
160
programis axalgazrda wamyvanebi monawileoben saintereso gasarTob

RonisZiebebSi (wyalqveSa curva/yvinTva, paraSutiT xtoma, TxilamurebiT
sriali da a.S.). es RonisZiebebi awvdis bavSvebs warmodgenas im aqtivobebis
Sesaxeb, romelSic maT SeiZleba moundeT monawileoba, rodesac gaizrdebian.
yovelwliurad gadamRebi jgufi estumreba xolme msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxes,
raTa gaaSuqos bavSvebisTvis sxva bavSvebis yofa-cxovrebis detalebi.
`bi-bi-si~-ze aseve gadaicema regularuli sainformacio-analitikuri gadacema

saxelwodebiT `Cildrenz niusraund~ (Children’s Newsround), romelic martivad
da pirdapir gadmoscems dRis mTavar ambebs, maT Soris iseT mZime Temebze,
rogorebicaa bavSvTa mimarT Zaladoba, SimSili da bunebrivi katastrofebi,
gadmoscems, agreTve, bavSvebisTvis gansakuTrebiT saintereso specialur
reportaJebs, romlebic SeiZleba ar gavides ufrosebisTvis gankuTvnil
cnobebSi. imdenad, ramdenadac ZiriTadi samauwyeblo programebi gankuTvnilia
ufrosebisTvis, isini ar aris popularuli bavSvebSi. sakuTari versiis arsebobiT
bavSvebs saSualeba eZlevaT, imsjelon mimdinare sakiTxebze ufrosebTan da
amave dros daculi iyvnen im samwuxaro komentarebisgan, romlebic xSirad Tan
axlavs ufrosebis versias.
britaneTis erT-erTma komerciulma mauwyebelma, me-4 arxma, moigo prizi

TineijerebisTvis Seqmnili gadacemisaTvis `Wise Up~ (`dabrZendi~), romelSic
bavSvebi motivirebulni arian, rom Seadginon programa. gadacemis Temebisa
da mowveuli gamomsvlelebis moZieba xdeba mayureblebs Soris da skolebSi
vizitebis meSveobiT. mowveuli momxseneblebi Seadgenen gadacemis erT nawils,
rodesac isini ikvleven maT cxovrebaSi wamoWril problemas. isini iReben
profesionalur rCevas da daxmarebas ZiriTadad axalgazrdebisgan Semdgari
gundisagan. gadacemis stili energiuli da axalgazrdulia swrafad moZravi,
xelis kameriT gadaRebuli kadrebiT, magram is yuradRebiT aris damontaJebuli
da gamoSvebuli im saxelmZRvanelo normebis gaTvaliswinebiT, romlebic
gansazRvrulia oficialuri maregulireblebis mier.
`mukto xobor~ (Tavisufali ambebi)
bangladeSSi `mukto xobor~ aris yovelkvireuli 25-wuTiani mozardTa

sainformacio gadacema, romelSic aqcenti keTdeba bavSvebze da bavSvTa
uflebebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. gadacemis miznebia:
1. bavSvebisTvis Tavisufali sivrcis Seqmna mediaSi; forumis Seqmna
axalgazrdebisTvis, raTa gamoxaton TavianTi azri maT garSemo arsebul
sakiTxebze da movlenebze, sadac maT mousmenen bavSvebi da ufrosebi yvela
socialuri fenidan;
2. axalgazrda JurnalistebisTvis uflebamosilebis miniWeba maTi saswavlo
momzadebiT specialur unarebSi; bevri axalgazrda mayureblisTvis
uflebebisa da stimulis micema. axalgazrdebi STagonebas iReben gadacemidan,
romelic kargi magaliTia imisa, Tu rogor qmediTad SeuZliaT imuSaon,
rodesac SesaZlebloba eZlevaT. gadacema aseve exmareba mozardebs, aimaRlon
161
TviTdajerebuloba da TviTSefaseba;
3. damatebiTi wonis miniWeba bavSvTa Sexedulebebisa da xmebisaTvis imis
damtkicebiT, rom maTac SeuZliaT ideebisa da gadawyvetilebebis SeTavazeba;
im tradiciuli warmodgenis Secvla, rom bavSvebma mxolod unda mousminon
da bevri ar ilaparakon;
4. am gadacemis safuZvelze mediaSi bavSvTa monawileobisaTvis Tanabari
SesaZleblobebis modelis damkvidreba.
saboloo produqti aris sayovelTaod popularuli gadacema, romelic

orientirebulia bavSvTa uflebebze.
bavSvebisadmi keTilganwyobili SerCevis procesi programaSi monawileobisaTvis

uzrunvelyofs, rom moculi iyos sazogadoebis yvela seqtori. kandidaturebis
mowodebisaTvis ukavSirdebian ara mxolod skolebs, aramed organizaciebs,
romlebic muSaoben bavSvebTan, romlebic ver iReben ganaTlebas. gadamReb
jgufSi Sedian SedarebiT privilegirebuli bavSvebi, dasaqmebuli bavSvebi da
iseTebi, romelTac SeiZleba elementaruli ganaTlebac ki ar hqondeT.
programis msvlelobisas bevri ram xdeba mis auditoriaSi. iyo dro, rodesac
SeiniSneboda daZabuloba da uxerxuloba erTad momuSave sxvadasxva warmoSobis
bavSvebs Soris, magram maT daZlies es da SesaniSnavi saqmiani urTierTobebi
daamyares. programa zustad asaxavs bangladeSis sazogadoebas da, rogorc
aseTi, mimzidvelia mravalgvari auditoriisaTvis, riTac warmatebas aRwevs.
bavSvTa mediacentri, yirgizeTi
bavSvTa media centri muSaobs audio-vizualur da beWdviT mediaSi da misi

samuSao sruldeba eqskluziurad bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis mier. proeqtis
mizania bavSvebis TviTgamoxatvisTvis saTanado pirobebis Seqmna. centris wevrebi
swavloben yirgizeTSi bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis winaSe arsebul problemebs
da akeTeben TavianTi dakvirvebebis Sefasebebs. isini avrceleben informaciasac
bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis Sesabamisad.
mediacentris wevrebi muSaoben bevr Temaze, romlebic asaxavs axalgazrdebis

problemebs, maT Soris bavSvTa dacvis, genderul da aiv/Sids-Tan dakavSirebul
sakiTxebs. centri uSvebs videoklipebsa da beWdviTi mediis statiebs usaxlkaro
bavSvebis, SidsiT daavadebuli adamianebis da qalTa uflebebis darRvevis
faqtebis Sesaxeb. proeqtis yvelaze Zlieri mxare aris is faqti, rom mis
mediaproduqtebSi gamoxatuli poziciebi axalgazrdebis WeSmariti xmebia.
àndi~
sabavSvo axali ambebis saagento àndi~ (ANDI) braziliaSi Camoyalibda

Jurnalistebis mier, romelTac awuxebdaT quCis bavSvebis bedi. Tavdapirvelad
162
isini koncentrirebuli iyvnen saskolo dawesebulebebis Seqmnaze, vinaidan

ganaTleba miaCndaT siRaribis daZlevis gzad, gansakuTrebiT diqtaturis
pirobebSi.
Semdeg maT daiwyes mediis monitoringi da SeniSnes, rom bavSvebis Sesaxeb

gadmocemuli informaciis udidesi nawili negatiuri iyo. maT gamoaqveynes
sareitingo cxrilebi, sadac aCvenebdnen, Tu romeli gamocemebi iyo yvelaze
Seuracxmyofelebi da mouwodebdnen ufro pozitiuri damokidebulebisaken.
TandaTanobiT masalebis tendencia Seicvala da gamomcemlebma daiwyes Sejibreba,
rom ukeTesi pozicia daekavebinaT reitingSi.
àndim~ daawesa erovnuli standarti saukeTeso Jurnalisturi naSromisTvis

bavSvebsa da axalgazrdebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. amisaTvis saagento:
 gansazRvravs da sTavazobs konkretul Temebs da awvdis maTze informacias

Jurnalistebs;
 avrcelebs bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis Sesaxeb mTavar ambebs, romlebic
qveyndeba qveyanaSi;
 akeTebs raodenobriv da Tvisebriv analizs braziliur presaSi Jurnalistebis
mxridan bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisadmi gamoxatuli damokidebulebis
Sesaxeb;
 avrcelebs informacias sirTuleebisa da warmatebuli gamocdilebis Sesaxeb;
 aRiarebs profesionalebs, romelTa saqmianoba socialurad pasuxismgebeli
Jurnalistikis magaliTia;
 trenings utarebs komunikaciis sferos axalgazrda profesionalebsa da
studentebs.
2000 wlis martSi Seiqmna àndis qseli~, romelic dRes braziliis sxvadasxva
Statis eqvsi sakomunikacio saagentosgan Sedgeba.
èrTwuTiani iuniori~ (“One Minute Junior”)
èrTwuTiani iuniori~ aris konkursi bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisTvis, rom Seqmnan

sakuTari erTwuTiani videoklipebi da gamoxaton sakuTari Tavi mediis saSualebiT.
ÒneMinutesJr~ _ es aris axali kategoria erTwuTiani filmebis festivalSi,

romelic imarTeba yovel noembers sandbergis institutis organizebiT qalaq
amsterdamSi. is ar aris gamiznuli, rom warmoaCinos profesiuli kinoxelovneba.
amis nacvlad, is stimuls aZlevs axalgazrdebs, Caataron eqsperimentebi da
isargeblon im SesaZleblobebiT, romlebsac es Janri sTavazobs da moipovon
aRiareba kreatiulobisa da interesebisaTvis.
163
konkursSi TavianTi proeqtebis warsadgenad miwveulni arian 12-dan 20 wlamde

asakis axalgazrdebi evropidan da centraluri aziidan. yovelwliurad proeqtis
partniorebi irCeven sakonkurso Temebs an sakiTxebs axalgazrdebTan mWidro
TanamSromlobiT.
festivalis dros imarTeba yvelaze SemoqmedebiTi filmebis nakrebis Cveneba

da jildoebi gadaecemaT yvelaze gamorCeul Semsruleblebs. sponsori
organizaciebis (evropis kulturuli fondi, sandbergis instituti da gaeros
bavSvTa fondi) warmomadgenlebisa da sami axalgazrdisgan Semdgari Jiuri
akeTebs arCevans.
yvela is, vinc monawileobs konkursSi, Rebulobs monawilis sertifikats.

gamarjvebulebs gadascemen studentebis mier Seqmnil prizebs sandbergis
institutidan da mcire finansur jildos. aqcenti keTdeba ara gamarjvebaze,
aramed kreatiuli produqtis Seqmnaze, romelic stimuls miscems axalgazrdebs.
yovel wels festivals aqvs TamaSismagvari elementi, romelic did diskusiebs
warmoSobs auditoriaSi.
axalgazrdebis mier axali cifruli mediis spontanurad da araordinarulad

gamoyenebis unari adasturebs, rom maT didi wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT
sazogadoebriv procesebSi. aucilebelia amis aRiareba da xelSewyoba da
axalgazrdebisTvis ufro farTo tribunis micema, raTa maTma eqsperimentulma
Semoqmedebam nayofi gamoiRos.
axalgazrdebis mier axali cifruli mediis spontanurad da araordinarulad

gamoyenebis unari adasturebs, rom maT didi wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT
sazogadoebriv procesebSi. aucilebelia amis aRiareba da xelSewyoba da
axalgazrdebisTvis ufro farTo tribunis micema, raTa maTma eqsperimentulma
Semoqmedebam nayofi gamoiRos.
Cveni eqspresi – saqarTvelo
proeqti „Cveni eqspresi“ - axalgazrduli yovelkvireuli telegadacemaa (20-

25 wuTi), romelic 2005 wlidan mzaddeba 15-21 wlamde axalgazrdebis mier.
“interniusi” proeqtSi monawile axalgazrdebs aZlevs Jurnalistur codnas
da profesiul unarebs. isini sxvadasxva Teoriuli da praqtikuli treningebis
ganmavlobaSi swavloben scenaris da teqstis weras, gadaRebebis dagegmvas,
muSaobas kamerasTan, montaJis safuZvlebs. „interniusis“ prodiuserebi
periodulad awvdian maT informacias teqnologiuri da stilisturi siaxleebis
Sesaxebac.
„Cveni eqspresi“ saSualebas aZlevs axalgazrdebs, isaubron im sakiTxebis

Sesaxeb, romlebic gavlenas axdens piradad maTi, megobrebisa Tu Tanatolebis
yoveldRiur cxovrebaze, aseve, gaaSuqon Temebi, romlebic centraluri arxebis
eTeriT ar gadaicema. axalgazrdebi TavianTi interesebisamebr, profesionali
operatorebisa da memontaJeebis daxmarebiT, iReben ara mxolod siuJetebs,
164
aramed saavtoro filmebsa da Canaxatebsac.
axalgazrdebis mier axalgazrdebisTvis Seqmnili videokontenti jer

sazogadoebriv televiziaze, Semdeg ki telekompania „imedis“ eTeriT gadioda.
programis naxva aseve SesaZlebelia Semdeg veb-misamarTze http://blog.teentv.ge;
msoflio sagazeTo asociacia: http://www.wan-press.info/

msoflio radioforumi: http://www.worldradioforum.org
sazogadoebriv mauwyebelTa msoflio asociacia: http://www.amarc.org/
`presuaizisa~ (PressWise) da `media eqSn interneiSenalis~ (Media Action International) mier

identificirebuli bevri sxva saintereso mediaaqtivoba da kargi ideebi bavSvebis mier,
bavSvebisTvis da maTTan erTad (MAGIC) gadaicema specialur vebgverdze, romelic aseve Seicavs
qcevis kodeqss bavSvebTan erTad muSaobisa da maTze statiebis dawerisaTvis. aq aseve mocemulia
bevri sasargeblo bmuli da informacia im mravalricxovani oficialuri deklaraciebis Sesaxeb,
romlebsac gamoscemen mauwyeblebi da sxva mediasaagentoebi da romlebSic xazgasmulia, rom
mediawarmoebaSi prioritetuli unda iyos bavSvis WeSmariti interesebi: www.unicef.org/magic
ÀNDI~: http://www.andi.org.br
`presgazet~: http://www.pressgazette.co.uk
`Prix Jeunesse International~: www.prixjeunesse.de
`bavSvebi da media – globaluri problema~, maik jemfsoni, “The PressWise Trust”.
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bavSvis uflebebi da

presis Tavisufleba midgoma

© `iunisefi~ - dublinis teqnologiis instituti, 2007 w.

saxelmZRvanelos qarTuli variantis SemuSavebasa da adaptaciaSi monawileobd-

masalebis mowodebisaTvis madlobas vuxdiT eqspertebs: Tamar korZaias, marine

bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika –

2. bavSvis uflebebi ................................................................................................14

3. bavSvis uflebebi da media ...............................................................................30

4. winaaRmdegobebi bavSvTa uflebebis ganxorcielebis gzaze ...................39

5. mediis mier bavSvebis asaxva, bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli

Tavi 2: bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli Jurnalisturi praqtika ............... 66

2. bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi ............................................................................91

3. kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi ...........................................................97

4. siuJetebisa da wyaroebis moZieba ................................................................121

5. bavSvebisagan intervius aReba.......................................................................131

6. bavSvebi SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros ..............................................138

7. sityvis Tavisufleba bavSvebs da bavSvebze orientirebuli media .....146

8. saukeTeso Jurnalisturi praqtika bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT ...............155

bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika –

mivesalmebiT JursnalistebisTvis bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb saxelmZRvanelos

saxelmZRvanelos mizania mogawodoT is ZiriTadi ideebi da informacia,

saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoyenebuli midgoma

modeli 1 - faseulobebi da informirebuloba

mowmeebs da msxverplebs. adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis es forma

vinaidan modulis amocanaa treningSi monawile JurnalistebisaTvis iseTi

am modulis gavlis Semdeg Tqven SeZlebT gaigoT, ras warmoadgens bavSvTa

nawili meore, `bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli Jurnalisturi praqtika~,

am naSromSi warmodgenil masalasTan erTad unda gaecnoT mravalferovan

nawili pirveli: `gaicaniT bavSvis uflebebi~

ZiriTadi saswavlo Temebi

 ras warmoadgens adamianis uflebebi?

adamianis uflebebi da bunebiTi uflebebi

adamianis uflebebi gulisxmobs adamianis ganuyofel, sayovelTao uflebebs,

adamianis uflebebi is ZiriTadi standartebia, romelTa gareSe adamianebi ver

adamianis uflebebi yvela adamians Tanasworad, sayovelTaod da samudamod ekuTvnis.

adamianis uflebebi xelSeuxebelia: adamians ver CamoerTmeva es uflebebi iseve,

adamianis uflebebi ganuyofelia: adamians ver CamoerTmeva ufleba imis gamo,

adamianis uflebebi urTierTdamokidebulia: adamianis yvela ufleba

adamianis uflebebis idea aRmocenda bunebiTi uflebebis filosofiuri

ras warmoadgens bunebiTi uflebebi?

bunebiTi uflebebi sayovelTao uflebebia, romlebic yvela adamians ekuTvnis

bunebiTi uflebebis yvelaze adreuli asaxva moipoveba indur vedebSi, agamebsa da

bunebiTi uflebebis erT-erTi Teoria Camoyalibda ganmanaTleblobis peri-

individualizmis ideis gaZlierebasTan erTad, gansakuTrebiT me-17 sauku-

am doqtrinis, albaT, saukeTeso formulireba jon lokis (1632-1704) naS-

adamianis uflebebis arseboba, moqmedeba da Sinaarsi dResac debatebis sagania

Cven yvelas gvWirdeba uflebebi da gvaqvs kidec isini. es uflebebi uzrunvelyofs

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia

1948 wlis 10 dekembers gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis generalurma

deklaracia Sedgeba 30 muxlisagan, romlebSic gamoxatulia gaeros Sexeduleba

Tumca gaeroSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis elCma, jin kirkpatrikma,

yvelaze mniSvnelovan muxlebs Sorisaa:

 muxli 3: sicocxlis, Tavisuflebisa da piradi xelSeuxeblobis ufleba.

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaraciis miRebis Semdeg gaeros generalurma

ginesis `rekordebis wignSi~ adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia

deklaraciis miRebas mohyva rigi mniSvnelovani SeTanxmebebisa, romlebic miznad

unda gvaxsovdes, rom adamianis uflebebi jer kidev viTardeba. magaliTad,

me-20 saukunis ganmavlobaSi mravalma jgufma da moZraobam moaxerxa mniSvnelo-

qveyanaSi. maT Soris iyo moZraoba samoqalaqo uflebebisTvis da, SedarebiT

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