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Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment of Testing and Assessment A Practical
Essentials Guide for Counselors, Social
Workers, and Psychologists, 3rd

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1. Relative to assessment, which of the following is NOT addressed in ethical codes?


a. The use of diagnosis in the assessment
process b. Proper test administration
c. The importance of test security
d. Proper test scoring and interpretation
e. Specific ethical decision making models (e.g., Corey, Remley & Herlihy)

ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in Assessment

2. Relative to Kitchener's Ethical Decision-Making Model, which is NOT a value a test examiner should consider
when making ethical decisions?
a. Automony
b. Beneficence
c.
Nonmalfiecense
d. Empathy
e. Justice

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in Assessment

3. Corey, Corey, & Callanan's Model does which of the following?


a. Offers a framework for problem-solving when confronted with difficult ethical
dilemmas. b. Demonstrates which aspects of ethical codes to address when making
ethical decisions.
c. Offers a mechanism for dualists to become relativists in their ethical decision-making
process. d. Provides a moral model of ethical decision-making.

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in Assessment
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Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment
4. Which of the following is NOT a reason a counselor can break confidentiality?
a. If a client is in danger of harming self or another person
b. If a parent asks for information about his or her young child
c. If the client gives the counselor permission to break
confidentiality d. For purposes of supervision
e. A counselor can break confidentiality for all these reasons.

ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in Assessment

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Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment
5. As noted in the text, relative to choosing appropriate tests, which of the following does NOT need to be
considered?
a. The validity of the test
b. The reliability of the test
c. The practicality of the test
d. The cross-cultural fairness of the
test e. All of these need to be
considered.

ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in
Assessment

6. The following quote refers to what level test: "[This level] require[s] technical knowledge of test construction
and use and appropriate advanced coursework in psychology and related courses (e.g., statistics, individual
differences, and counseling)..."
a. Level A
b. Level B
c. Level C
d. Level D

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in
Assessment

7. As per ethical codes, which is the most likely case in which one can break confidentiality?
a. Your client admits to occasionally smoking
marijuana.
b. The parents of a college student you are counseling demand to speak with you about their
son. c. Your supervisor wants to talk to you about a difficult case you are having.
d. Your client's psychiatrist calls because it is time for the client's Xanax refill and wants to know
about her status.
e. A lawyer demands that you provide them the client's records for a child custody
case.

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in
Assessment

8. In addition to ethical codes, other standards in testing exist. Which of the following is NOT a well-known
standard?

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Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment
a. The Standards for the Qualifications of Tests
Users b. Responsibilities of Users of Standardized
Tests
c. Assessment Standards for Human Services
Practitioner d. The Code of Fair Testing Practices in
Education
e. Standards for Educational and Psychological
Testing

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in
Assessment

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Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment
9. The purpose of this standard is to assure that tests are "fair to all test takers regardless of age, gender,
disability, race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, linguistic background, or other personal
characteristics." a. The Standards for the Qualifications of Tests Users
b. Responsibilities of Users of Standardized Tests
c. Competencies in Assessment and Evaluation for School
Counselors d. The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in Assessment

10. This document speaks to the qualifications of the individual giving tests in the following areas: qualifications
needed, technical knowledge, test selection, test administration, test scoring, interpreting test results, and
communicating test results.
a. The Standards for the Qualifications of Tests
Users b. Responsibilities of Users of Standardized
Tests
c. Standard for Educational and Psychological
Testing d. The Code of Fair Testing Practices in
Education

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in Assessment

11. This law assures the right of individuals to access their federal records, including test records. Most states
have similar laws that assure the right to access of state records.
a. Americans with Disabilities
Act b. FERPA
c. Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
d. Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
e. Freedom of Information Act

ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Legal Issues in Assessment

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Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment
12. This act or law applies to all federally-funded programs receiving financial assistance and was established to
create a "level playing field." Any instrument used to measure appropriateness for a program or service must be
measuring the individual's ability, not be a reflection of his or her disability.
a. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.
b. Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
c. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
d. PL94-142 and IDEA
e. Privileged communication laws

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Legal Issues in Assessment

13. This act or law assures proper test administration, that accommodations be made for individuals with disabilities
who are taking tests for employment and that testing be shown to be relevant to the job in question.
a. FERPA
b. Americans with Disabilities
Act c. Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-
524)
d. Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
e. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Legal Issues in Assessment

14. This act or law assures the privacy of client records, including testing records, and the sharing of such
information. a. FERPA
b. Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
c. Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
d. Freedom of Information Act
e. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Legal Issues in Assessment
OTHER: Sample question on the website

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Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment
15. This act or law assures that a number of disenfranchised groups (e.g., economically disadvantaged, single
parents, incarcerated, disabled) have access to vocational assessment, counseling, and placement.
a. Americans with Disabilities
Act b. FERPA
c. Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
d. Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
e. Freedom of Information Act

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Legal Issues in Assessment

16. This act or law affirms the right of all individuals to their school records, including test
records. a. FERPA
b. Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
c. Freedom of Information Act
d. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
e. PL94-142 and IDEA

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Legal Issues in Assessment

17. This act or law assures the confidentiality of a conversation conducted with someone that the state or federal
law has identified as having the legal right to confidentiality (i.e., attorney-client, doctor-patient, therapist-
patient, clergy- penitent, etc.).
a. FERPA
b. Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
c. Freedom of Information Act
d. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
e. Privileged communication laws

ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Legal Issues in Assessment

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Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment
18. This act or law asserts that if a student is found to have a disability, schools must assure the student is given
accommodations for his or her disability and taught within the "least restrictive environment," which often is a
regular classroom.
a. FERPA
b. Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
c. Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
d. PL94-142 and IDEA
e. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Legal Issues in Assessment

19. Which of the following resulted in assuring that tests for hiring and advancement show ability to
predict job performance?
a. Griggs v. Duke Power Company
b. FERPA
c. The IDEA
d. Carl Perkins
Act e. PL94-142

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Professional Issues

20. Which association “is an organization of counselors, educators, and other professionals that advances the
counseling profession by promoting best practices in assessment, research, and evaluation in counseling”?
a. Division 5 of the American Psychological Association
b. The Assessment Division of the National Association of Social
Workers c. The National Organization of Human Service Education and
Assessment d. The Association for Assessment and Research in
Counseling (AARC)

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Professional Issues

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Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment
21. Which association promotes high standards in both research and practical application of psychological
assessment, evaluation, measurement, and statistics?
a. Division 5 of the American Psychological Association
b. The Assessment Division of the National Association of Social
Workers c. The National Organization of Human Service Education and
Assessment d. The Association for Assessment and Research in
Counseling (AARC)

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Professional Issues

22. Which of the following was NOT a result of the Jaffe v. Redmond case?
a. Licensed therapists have a right to privileged communication.
b. Licensed social workers has a right to have her case notes kept confidential.
c. Licensed therapists have protection against having their records brought to federal court against their
wishes. d. Licensed therapists have the right to reveal information in federal court against the client's
wishes.

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Legal Issues in Assessment

23. To act as an expert witness in a child custody lawsuit, it is best to have specialized training in:
a. divorce law and child custody
litigation. b. forensic evaluations.
c. high stakes testing.
d. Child Protective Services.

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Professional Issues

24. Which of the following does NOT offer an accreditation standard that helps to drive curriculum
guidelines in assessment?
a. American Psychological
Association b. CACREP
c. American Board of Forensic Psychology
d. National Association of School Psychologists

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Professional Issues

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Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment
25. Which association certifies counselors and social workers as forensic health evaluators?
a. The NASW and ACA Evaluator Service
b. The American Board of Forensic
Psychologists c. The National Board of
Certified Counselors
d. The National Board of Forensic Evaluators

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Professional Issues

26. To some degree, all tests are an invasion of


privacy. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in Assessment

27. All tests likely carry some gender and cultural


bias. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Professional Issues

28. Confidentiality is an ethical guideline, not a legal


right. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in Assessment

29. All counselors can give "Level C"


tests. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in Assessment

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Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment
30. HIPAA restricts the amount of information that a client can give to a
clinician. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Legal Issues in Assessment

31. Due to confidentiality guidelines, therapists are not allowed to discuss their client's issues; however, test data
does not apply to those codes.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in Assessment

32. Due to the nature of testing and the need for sometimes justifiable deception, informed consent is not
required for administration of tests.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in Assessment

33. It is permissible to change test content of purchased tests as long as you consider the client being
assessed. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in Assessment

34. Test worthiness is generally only an issue in the selection of a test, not the scoring and interpretation of a
test. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in Assessment

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Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment
35. The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education was developed for testing in education in the following areas:
admissions, educational assessment, educational diagnosis, and student
placement. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in Assessment

36. Generally, testing should not be in a holistic framework because of its narrow
focus. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Professional Issues

37. The Jaffe v. Redmond case assured the right of licensed therapists to privileged
communication. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Legal Issues in Assessment

38. Forensic psychology primarily involves the evaluation of the


deceased. a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Professional Issues

39. Forensic evaluations often include interviewing, assessment, knowledge of ethical and legal issues, and
writing forensic reports.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Professional Issues

Powered by Cognero Page 12


Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment
For Corey, Corey, and Callanan's ethical decision making model, match the step with the
correct sequence of events.
a. 1st step e. 5th step
b. 2nd step f. 6th step
c. 3rd step g. 7th step
d. 4th step h. 8th step
REFERENCES: Ethical Issues in Assessment
40. Identifying the potential issues involved
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
41. Deciding on what appears to be the best course of action
ANSWER: h
POINTS: 1
42. Knowing relevant laws and regulations
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
43. Listing the consequences of various decisions
ANSWER: g
POINTS: 1
44. Obtaining consultation
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
45. Identifying the problem
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
46. Considering possible and probable courses of action
ANSWER: f
POINTS: 1
47. Reviewing the relevant ethical guidelines
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1

Match the law or act with the most appropriate description.


a. Americans with Disabilities Act
b. The Buckley Amendment (FERPA)
c. Carl Perkins Act (PL 98-524)
d. Civil Rights Acts (1964 and amendments)
Powered by Cognero Page 13
Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment
e. Freedom of Information Act

Powered by Cognero Page 14


Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment
f. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
g. PL94-142 and IDEA
h. Privileged communication laws
i. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation
Act. j. Jaffe v. Redmond

REFERENCES: Legal Issues in Assessment


48. Asserts that any test used for employment or promotion must be shown to be suitable and valid for the
job in question.

ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
49. Upheld the right that licensed professionals would not need to reveal information in their case notes.
ANSWER: j
POINTS: 1
50. This law assures the right of individuals to access their federal records, including test records. Most states
have similar laws that assure the right to access state records.

ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
51. This act applies to all federally-funded programs receiving financial assistance and was established to create a
"level playing field." Any instrument used to measure appropriateness for a program or service must be
measuring the individual's ability, not be a reflection of his or her disability.

ANSWER: i
POINTS: 1
52. Assures proper test administration, the accommodations be made for individuals with disabilities who are taking
tests for employment, and that testing be shown to be relevant to the job in question.

ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
53. Assures the privacy of client records, including testing records, and the sharing of such information.
ANSWER: f
POINTS: 1
54. Assures that a number of disenfranchised groups (e.g., economically disadvantaged, single parents,
incarcerated, disabled) have access to vocational assessment, counseling, and placement.

ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
55. Affirms the right of all individuals to their school records, including test records.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

Powered by Cognero Page 15


Chapter 2 — Ethical, Legal, and Professional Issues in
Assessment
56. Assures the confidentiality of a conversation conducted with someone that the state or federal law has
identified as having the legal right to confidentiality (i.e. attorney-client, doctor-patient, therapist-patient,
clergy-penitent, etc.).

ANSWER: h
POINTS: 1
57. Asserts that if a student is found to have a disability, schools must assure that the student is given
accommodations for his or her disability and taught within the "least restrictive environment," which often is a
regular classroom.

ANSWER: g
POINTS: 1

Powered by Cognero Page 16


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Stettin. ent. Zeit. xliv. 1883, pp. 299, 305.

[316]

For the British species, see M‘Lachlan, Ent. Month. Mag. iii. 1867,
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The genera Atropos and Clothilla were named after the two fates
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Ent. Month. Mag. 1894, p. 39.

[380]

Stettin. ent. Zeit. xxvii. 1866, p. 369; this author has also sketched
a classification of the larvae in P. Boston Soc. xv. 1873, p. 243.

[381]

Ov. Danske Selsk. 1889, p. 43.

[382]

Ann. Sci. étrang. vii. 1834, pl. 12.

[383]

M‘Lachlan, Ent. Month. Mag. ii. 1865, p. 73.

[384]

Redtenbacher, Denk. Ak. Wien, xlviii. 1884, p. 335.

[385]

J. Linn. Soc. Zool. xi. 1873, p. 227.

[386]

Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, iv. 1854, p. 471.


[387]

Westwood, l.c. p. 12.

[388]

P. Boston Soc. xv. 1873, p. 244.

[389]

Tr. Entom. Soc. London, 1888, p. 1, pls. 1, 2.

[390]

Cf. M‘Lachlan, J. Linn. Soc. Zool. ii. 1873, p. 219.

[391]

Tr. Linn. Soc. xiv. 1825, p. 140, and xv. 1827, p. 509.

[392]

P. Boston Soc. xv. 1873, p. 245.

[393]

M‘Lachlan, Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1885, p. 375.

[394]

Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xix. 1869, p. 831.

[395]

Brauer, Zool. Anz. x. 1887, pp. 212 and 218.

[396]

Linnaea entomologica, vii. 1852, p. 368, with plates.

[397]

See Albarda in Tijdschr. Ent. xvii. 1874, p. xvi.


[398]

Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1868, p. 189.

[399]

Biol. Centralbl. iv. 1885, p. 722.

[400]

Bull. Soc. ent. France (6), i. 1881, pp. xxi. and xxxi.

[401]

Arch. Naturges. lix. 1893, Band I. p 285.

[402]

Ent. Nachr. xiv. 1888, p. 274.

[403]

Trichoptera europ. 1878, p. 356, note.

[404]

Berl. ent. Zeitschr. xxv. 1881, p. 54.

[405]

Monograph of the British Trichoptera in Tr. ent. Soc. London, third


series, vol. v. 1865; and Monographic Revision of the European
Trichoptera, 1874-1880.

[406]

Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxxv. 1881, Pl. IV. fig. 6.

[407]

Rep. of the Entomologist, 1886, p. 510, Washington.

[408]

Insectes fossiles des temps primaires, 1893, p. 38.


[409]

P. ent. Soc. London, 1866, p. lxv.

[410]

For a history of this complex question, see Gosch, Naturhist.


Tidskr. (Rk. 3) vol. xiii. 1881; and also Brauer, Sitzb. Ak. Wien,
lxxxv. 1882.

[411]

Introd. hist. Insects, 1841, p. 143. The names proposed by


Newman may be adopted when it is specially requisite to use
terms that are morphologically correct. According to his
nomenclature the true whole abdomen of petiolate Hymenoptera
consists of three anatomical parts: 1, the petiole or podeon; 2, the
propodeon or part in front of the petiole; 3, the metapodeon or part
behind the petiole.

[412]

Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxv. 1874, p. 184.

[413]

Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) x. 1892, p. 442.

[414]

CR. Ac. Paris, lxxxiii. 1876, p. 613, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)
xviii. 1876, p. 504; also Horae Soc. Ross. xv. 1880, pp. 20 and 31.

[415]

P. Boston Soc. x. 1866, p. 279.

[416]

Adler, Deutsche ent. Zeitschr. xxi. 1877, p. 209.

[417]
Cameron, Brit. Phyt. Hym. Ray Society, i. 1882, p. 29, and ii. 1885,
p. 218.

[418]

Cameron, op. cit. iv. 1893, p. 9.

[419]

Brit. Phyt. Hym. i. p. 27. Fletcher's record, referred to by Cameron,


mentions N. miliaris, but this name was probably erroneous.

[420]

See Perez and Cameron, Tr. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, n.s. ii. 1889,
p. 194.

[421]

Fabre, Marchal, Nicolas.

[422]

Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xxx. Supp. 1878, p. 103.

[423]

Rejoinder to Professor Weismann, p. 11. Reprint from


Contemporary Review, December 1893.

[424]

Mon. Brit. Phyt. Hym. 4 vols. 1882 to 1893.

[425]

Insect Life, i. 1888, p. 8.

[426]

Souvenirs entomologiques: quatrième série, 1891, p. 308.

[427]
Tr. ent. Soc. London, i. 1836, p. 232.

[428]

Ichneumonen der Forstinsecten, i. 1844, p. 86.

[429]

See Cameron, Brit. Phyt. Hym. iii. Ray Soc. 1890, p. 152.

[430]

The term inquiline is applied in entomology to a great variety of


conditions covered by the Latin word "inquilinus" (incolinus),
signifying a tenant or dweller in another's property. The term
parasite is used in a still wider and vaguer sense, being in fact
applied to a large number of cases, in many of which we do not at
present understand the exact relations between the two parties
concerned. This subject is no doubt destined to become a most
interesting department of entomology. See Riley, P. ent. Soc.
Washington, ii. 1893, p. 397; and Wasmann, Zusammengesetzten
Nester, etc., 1891.

[431]

P. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales (2), vii. 1892, p. 357.

[432]

Science (n.s.), i. 1895, p. 457.

[433]

Ray Soc. vol. iv. 1893, p. 24.

[434]

Term. Füzetek, v. 1882, p. 198, and Biol. Centralbl. ii. 1882, p. 617.

[435]

Ann. Soc. ent. France (4), vi. 1866, p. 198.


[436]

Adler and Straton, Alternating Generations, 1894, p. 119.

[437]

P. entom. Soc. Philadelphia, ii. 1864, pp. 447, etc.

[438]

P. ent. Soc. Philad. ii. 1863, p. 34.

[439]

Brit. Phyt. Hym. vols. iii. and iv. Ray Soc. 1891 and 1893.

[440]

Entom. Mag. ii. 1835, p. 219.

[441]

Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 109.

[442]

Bull. U. S. Museum, No. 45, 1893, p. 28.

[443]

Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1881, p. 117.

[444]

Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1881, pt. vi. f. 3; pp. 120, 126.

[445]

Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xix. 1869; Ganin's observations are described


by Lubbock, Origin and Metamorphoses of Insects, 1874, p. 34.

[446]

See also Kulagin, Zool. Anz. xiii. 1890, p. 418; xv. 1892, p. 85; and
Congr. internat. Zool. ii. 1892, pt. i. p. 258.
[447]

Tr. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. i. 1878, p. 587.

[448]

Tr. Linn. Soc. xxiv. 1863, p. 135.

[449]

Zeitschr. wiss. Zool. xix. 1869, p. 417.

[450]

Souvenirs entomologiques. Troisième série, 1886, p. 155.

[451]

Souvenirs entomologiques. Troisième série, 1886, p. 179.

[452]

Tr. Linn. Soc. xxi. 1855, p. 67.

[453]

According to Ashmead, P. ent. Soc. Washington, ii. 1893, p. 228,


this genus should take the name of Melittobia.

[454]

Ann. Nat. Hist. (6) x. 1892, p. 271.

[455]

Rec. Zool. Suisse, v. 1891, pp. 435-534. Cf. Koulaguine, Congr.


internat. Zool. ii. 1892, pt. i. p. 265.

[456]

Bull. Soc. Ent. France (5) vii. 1877, p. lxix.; also André, Feuille
Natural. vii. 1877, p. 136, and Riley and Howard, Insect Life, iv.
1892, p. 242.
[457]

Insect Life, i. 1888, p. 121.

[458]

Report of the Entomologist, Dep. Agriculture, Washington, 1886, p.


542.

[459]

Wachtl, Wien. ent. Zeit. xii. 1893, p. 24, and Howard, P.U.S. Nat.
Mus. xiv. 1892, p. 586.

[460]

Abh. Ges. Göttingen, xxviii. 1882.

[461]

Mitt. Stat. Neapel, iii. 1882, p. 55.

[462]

Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1883. p. 389.

[463]

P. biol. Soc. Washington, vii. 1892, p. 99.

[464]

Ann. Botan. Garden, Calcutta, i. 1889, Appendix L.

[465]

P. ent. Soc. London, 1886, p. x.

[466]

For a systematic memoir refer to Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,


xxxv. 1885, p. 147, etc.

[467]
Insect Life, iv. 1891, p. 193.

[468]

Tosquinet, Ann. Soc. ent. Belgique, xxxviii. 1894, p. 694.

[469]

Ichneum. Forst. Ins. 1844, p. 81.

[470]

Mitt. schweizer. ent. Ges. iv. 1876, p. 518.

[471]

Fifth Rep. U. S. Ent. Comm. 1890, p. 15.

[472]

Tr. Linn. Soc. xxi. 1852, p. 71.

[473]

Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1886, p. 162, and 1887, p. 303.

[474]

Ent. Month. Mag. xiii. 1877, p. 200.

[475]

A catalogue, with references, of the British Ichneumonidae was


published by the Entomological Society of London in 1872. Since
then many additional species have been detected and recorded,
by Mr. Bridgman and others, in the Transactions of the same
Society.

[476]

Klapálek, Ent. Month. Mag. xxv. 1889, p. 339, and Arch.


Landesdurchforschung Böhmen, viii. No. 6, 1893, p. 53.
[477]

Ichneum. Forst. Ins. 1844.

[478]

Ann. Soc. ent. France (2), iii. 1845, p. 355.

[479]

Tr. ent. Soc. London, 1885, pp. 224, 219.


[480]

A monograph of the British Braconidae was commenced by the


Rev. T. A. Marshall in 1885, and is still in progress, in the
Transactions of the Entomological Society of London; cf. op. cit.
1885, 1887, 1889, 1891, 1894.

[481]

Berlin entom. Zeitschr. xxxiii. 1889, p. 197.

[482]

Ibid.

[483]

Monograph, Schletterer, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxv. 1885, p.


267, etc.; xxxvi. 1886, p. 1, etc.; and Ann. Hofmus. Wien, iv. pp.
107, etc.

[484]

Berlin. entom. Zeitschr. xxxiii. 1889, p. 197.

[485]

Amer. Nat. xxviii. 1894, p. 895.


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