REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

DR . PREM YADAV
EX-NOBEL MEDICAL COLLEGE TEACHING HOSPITAL
LECTURER:- KHI KHSC & GP COLLEGE

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
-- Female reproductive system is the system of reproduction in female human beings.
-- The main role of female reproductive system is to produce eggs and allow the process of fertilization and
development to take place within their body.
-- Female reproductive system is made up of the internal & external sex organs that function in the reproduction of
new offspring.
# REPRODUCTION:- Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce offspring or generate new
individuals of the same species.
 ORGANS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. External Female Reproductive Organs Or External Genitalia/
Vulva:-
A. Mons Pubis
B. Labia Majora
C. Labia Minora
D. Clitoris
E. Hymen
F. Vestibular Glands
G. Perineum
Mnemonic:- LLC-M-HPV

ORGANS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

11. Internal female Reproductive Organs Or Internal Genitalia:-
A. Vagina
B. Uterus
C. Fallopian Tube
D. Ovary
Q. State the internal reproductive organs of female.
EXTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

EXTERNAL & INTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

Q. Draw well labelled diagram of female internal reproductive organs.
Q. Explain the structure of female internal reproductive organs.
Q. Write short notes on Female reproductive organs.
Q. Draw well labeled diagram of female external reproductive organs.
Q. State the external female reproductive organs with their brief
explanation.

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

 EXTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

EXTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

A. Mons Pubis:-
-- Mons pubis is the rounded fatty mass present in front of the pubic symphysis.
-- It is formed by the accumulation of subcutaneous fat.
-- It is covered by with pubic hair, after puberty.
-- Mons pubis becomes less prominent after menopause.
-- The mons pubis contains Sebaceous glands that release substances that are involved in
sexual attraction.
 EXTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

B. Labia Majora:-
-- The labia majora are bilateral prominent longitudinal cutaneous folds that extend
downward & backward from the mons pubis to perineum.
-- They are 7 cm long and 2-4 cm wide.
-- They represent Scrotum in male.
-- The labia majora contain fatty areolar tissue and skin gets covered hair on its outer aspects
after puberty . At puberty , the labia majora become prominent due to deposition of
subcutaneous fat and become hyperpigmented.
-- They contain Sebaceous & Sweat glands.

EXTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

C. Labia Minora:-
* Labia minora are the bilateral cutaneous folds lying between the labia majora.
* It is also called inner Lips of the Vulva.
* They are 5 cm long and 0.5-1 cm thick.
* It protect the vagina , urethra & clitoris.
* The both inner & outer labia minora are quite sensitive to touch and pressure.
* These become erectile on sexual activity.
* They contains sebaceous gland but no hair follicles.
 EXTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

D. Clitoris:-
&. The clitoris is an erectile organ, homologous to the penis.
&. It is situated behind the anterior commissure of the labia majora.
&. The most of clitoris is enclosed by the labia minora..
&. During coitus, clitoris stands up and plays an important role in inducing orgasm(peak
level of sexual arousal) in female.
&. Parasympathetic nerve causes clitoral vasodilatation in sexual activity.

EXTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

E. Hymen:-
> Hymen is the thin membrane which covers the vaginal orifice or opening of virgin girl.
> It has a small eccentric opening only usually admitting the fingertip.
> It usually perforated so as to allow menstrual flow.
> Coitus causes rupture of the hymen..
> Rarely coital rupture of the hymen may lead to bleeding.
 EXTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

F. Vestibular glands:-
-- Vestibular gland is of 2 types-
1. Greater vestibular gland- Bartholin’s gland
* It is bilateral pea sized mucus secreting gland.
* Each gland is situated in the vestibule on either side of the vaginal opening.
11. Lesser vestibular gland- Skene’s gland
-They are a group of minute mucus glands.

EXTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

G. Perineum:-
&. The perineum is the short stretch of skin starting at the bottom of the vulva and
extending to anus.
&. It is a diamond and triangular area mearing about 2-4 cm in length and having less hair.
&. Perineum forms the floor of the pelvis and contains the external sex organs and the anal
opening. It can be divided anteriorly into the Urogenital triangle & posteriorly into the Anal
triangle.
&. The perineum in some women may tear during the birth of infant.
&. The cut of perineum is called Episiotomy.
BLOOD & NERVE SUPPLY OF EXTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

A. Arterial Supply:-The arterial blood is supplied by the branches of Internal Pudendal &
Femoral Arteries.
B. Venous Supply:- The venous blood is collected by the Superficial Inguinal nodes.
C. Nerve Supply:- The nerve supply of External female reproductive organs is by Pudendal
Nerve.

INTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

 INTERNAL FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

-- The following are the Internal female Reproductive Organs:-

A. The vagina-1
B. The Uterus-1
C. The Fallopian Or Uterine Tube-2
D. The Ovary-2
 THE VAGINA
-- The Vagina is Fibromuscular tube extending from Cervix to the Vulva.
-- It lies in the front of the Rectum & Anus and behind the urinary bladder.
-- The vagina is about 8 cm long and has anterior & posterior walls , which are normally in
contact with each other.
-- The vagina forms the lowest segment of the internal genital tract to provide the coital
canal or birth canal -- The vagina has no secretion but the surface is kept moist by cervix
secretion . Between puberty & menopause , Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria are present
in the vaginal canal which secret lactic acid . This inhibits the other microbes that may enter
in the vagina from the perineum.
-- The vagina along inside the vulva is reddish pink in color.

THE VAGINA

Structure Of Vagina:-The Vagina is composed of three layers-

-- Outer Layer: The outer layer composed of Areolar Tissue.
-- Middle Layer: The middle layer composed of Smooth Muscle.
-- Inner Layer: The inner layer composed of Stratified Squamous
Epithelium.
 FUNCTIONS OF VAGINA
1. The Vagina provides pleasurable sensations during sexual intercourse.
2. The wall of the vagina self lubricate to reduce the friction that can be caused by sexual
intercourse.
3. To allow menstrual blood escape through it.
4. To provide passage way for baby during delivery.
5. The Copulatory organ-to receive penis in copulation.
6. Acidic vaginal secretion prevent from infections.
7. It may hold forms of birth control , such as diaphragm , female condom

BLOOD & NERVE SUPPLY OF VAGINA

BLOOD SUPPLY OF VAGINA:-

-- The branches of Internal Iliac Artery
-- Branches of Uterine Artery
NERVE SUPPLY OF VAGINA:-
-- Sympathetic Nerve Fiber
-- Parasympathetic Nerve fiber
-- Sensory Nerve Fiber: Pudendal Nerve
THE UTERUS

THE UTERUS
THE UTERUS

THE UTERUS
 THE UTERUS
-- The uterus is the hollow muscular flattened organ situated in the pelvic cavity between the
urinary bladder and the rectum.
-- It is the main organ of internal female reproductive system & also known as Womb.
-- The uterus is about 7.5 cm long, 5 cm wide and 2.5 cm thick & Weight is about 40-50 gm.
-- The normal position of Uterus is Antefleixon & Anteversion.

PARTS OF UTERUS
-- The parts of uterus are as follows:-
1. Fundus- It lies above the entrance of the uterine tube ,where the fallopian tubes enter the
uterus and the point is called Cornu Or Horn.
2. Body- This is the main part of the uterus and form upper two third 5 cm portion and lies
below the entrance of the uterine tube.
3. Isthmus- This is the constricted 0.5 cm portion of uterus, which joins the body of uterus
to the cervix. It forms the lower uterine segment during late pregnancy and labour.
4. Cervix- Lower part of uterus , cylindrical in shape,2 cm in length . It has two opening
internal & external OS. The cervix is conical shaped in nulliparous & Square shaped in
multiparous . The cervix contains alkaline fluid.
 THE UTERUS

STRUCTURE OF UTERUS
The wall of uterus is composed of 3 layers tissue:-
1. Perimetrium- It is the outer layer of uterus, consists of Serous membrane/ Peritoneum.
2. Myometrium- It is the thick middle layer of uterus, consists of Smooth muscle fibers.
3. Endometrium- It is the inner layer of uterus, consists of Columnar epithelium & large
number of mucus secreting glands. It is a highly Specialized active membrane of the uterus.
The endometrium is shed every month following menstruation.
 SUPPORT OF UTERUS
The Uterus is supported in the pelvic cavity by a number of structures Or Ligaments:
1. Broad ligament
2. Round ligament- it help to maintain the uterus in a position of Anteversion &
Anteflexion.
3. Ovarian ligament
4. Transverse Cervical ligament/ Cardinal ligament- It help in preventing the uterus from
prolapsing into the vagina.
5. Uterosacral ligament
6. Pubocervical ligament
7. Pubocervical fascia
8. Pelvic floor

SUPPORT OF UTERUS
 SUPPORT OF UTERUS

BLOOD & NERVE SUPPLY OF UTERUS

Arterial Supply:-
-- Uterine Artery
-- Ovarian Artery
Venous Drainage:-
-- Uterine Vein
-- Ovarian Vein
Nerve Supply:-
-- Sympathetic Nerve
-- Parasympathetic Nerve
 FUNCTION OF UTERUS
1. Uterus to be involved in menstruation cycle from Puberty to Menopause.
2 . It helps in passage way of sperm to reach to the fallopian tube for fertilization.
3. Embedding of fertilized egg on endometrium to bear pregnancy & Stoppage of
menstruation.
4. Uterine wall forms a sac for growing fetus inside the uterus.
5. It provides site for implantation of embryo.
6. It provides Space for the fetus.
7.Uterus provide Nutrition to the fetus.
8. It Expel fetus through Vagina during delivery.
9. Involution- Enlarged uterus returns back to normal size after delivery to start menstrual
cycle.

FALLOPIAN TUBE
 FALLOPIAN TUBE

-- The fallopian tubes are two hollow muscular tortuous ducts which extend from the lateral
side of uterus to ovary.
-- They are also known as Oviducts Or Uterine tubes or Salpinges.
-- They are situated at the upper margins of the broad ligament.
-- It is about 10 cm long and 1cm in breath at the thickest portion.

PARTS OF FALLOPIAN TUBE

A. Intramural Or Interstitial Part:-
-- It is the segment that pierce the uterine wall.
-- It is about 1.5 cm length.
-- It is the narrowest portion with the lumen of 1 mm in diameter.
-- It is tortuous part of fallopian tube.
B. Isthmus:-
-- It is the segment that lies just lateral to the uterus.
-- It is the narrow part having length 2.5 cm.
PARTS OF FALLOPIAN TUBE
 PARTS OF FALLOPIAN TUBE
C. Ampulla:- Is the widest part of the fallopian tube.
-- The length of Ampulla is about 5 cm.
-- It is most common site of fertilization.
D. Infundibulum:-
-- It is about 1 cm funnel shaped lateral end of the fallopian tube that projects beyond the
broad ligament and overlies the ovary.
-- The free edge of the infundibulum has several finger like processes called Fimbriae.
 STRUCTURE OF FALLOPIAN TUBE

• The uterine tube is composed of three layers of tissues:-

• 1. The Outer Layer- Consists of peritoneum and is formed by the broad ligament . The
peritoneum covers the superior, anterior and posterior surfaces of the tubes but not the
Inferior surface.
• 11. The Middle Layer- Consists of Smooth muscle.
• 111. The Inner Layer- Consists of Ciliated epithelium tissue.

BLOOD & NERVE SUPPLY OF FALLOPIAN TUBE

% Blood Supply:-
-- Uterine Artery- Which a branch of the Internal Iliac artery
-- Ovarian Artery- From Abdominal Aorta.
% Nerve Supply:-
-- Sympathetic Nerve
-- Parasympathetic Nerve
 FUNCTION OF FALLOPIAN TUBE
1. The fallopian tube receives ovum from the ovary and provide a site of fertilization.
2. It provides nourishment for the fertilized ovum and transports it to the cavity of uterus.
3. It transports Spermatozoa from the uterus to the Ampulla of the uterine tube.
4. The tubal secretion provides nourishment to Ovum, Sperm & Embryo following
fertilization.

OVARY
 THE OVARY
-- The ovary is the female reproductive organ or female gonads situated in the shallow depressions
called ovarian fossa on the lateral wall of the pelvis.
-- The ovary is an intraperitoneal solid flat ovoid gland.
-- It is about 2.5- 3.5 cm long , 2 cm wide and 1 cm thick.
-- The Structurally ovary is divided into Cortex & Medulla.
STRUCTURE OF OVARY
 BLOOD & NERVE SUPPLY OF OVARY
Arterial Supply:-
-- Ovarian Artery-Which arises from the Abdominal Aorta.
Venous drainage:-
-- Ovarian Vein-Which drains into the inferior vena cava on the right side and into the left
renal vein on the left side.
Nerve Supply:-
-- Sympathetic & Parasympathetic nerve

FUNCTION OF OVARY
• 1. The Ovaries form Ova(ovum cells).
• 2. It develops and matures ova.
• 3. It discharge mature ovum at each mense.
• 4. It produces sex hormones such as Estrogen and Progesterone.
 FUNCTION OF ESTROGEN

FUNCTION OF PROGESTERONE
 MAMMARY GLAND/ BREAST
• The mammary glands or Breast are the modified apocrine sweat glands.
• It is a accessory glands of the female reproductive system.
• It is found in both sexes but rudimentary in male and well developed in the female after
puberty.
• The growth and development of breast is influence by ovarian hormones.
• The breast is situated in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region.

STRUCTURE OF BREAST
 STRUCTURE OF BREAST

--The breast is consists of:-

1.Glandular tissue:- It is made up of about 15-20 lobes & composed of solid cords of
ductal cells.
2. Fibrous tissue:- It support the glandular tissue and ducts.
3. Fatty or Adipose tissue:- This covers the surface of the gland and is found between the
lobes.

STRUCTURE OF BREAST
 THE NIPPLE
Description:-
-- The Nipple is a small conical eminence at the center of the breast surrounded by a
pigmented area known as Areola.
-- The areola of nipple contains number of sweat and specialized or modified sebaceous
glands known as Montgomery’s gland, which in pregnancy lubricate nipple.
-- The Areola is reddish or brown in color at puberty but converted into black after
pregnancy.

SECRETION OF MILK
• During pregnancy, Estrogen and progesterone are secreted by the ovary .These two
hormones stimulate the growth of ducts and lobules of breast.
• The breast milk production is stimulated by the Prolactin And Ejection is by Oxytocin.
 BLOOD SUPPLY OF BREAST
Arterial Supply:-
-- Laterally by Branches of Axillary Artery
-- Medially by Internal thoracic Artery
Venous Drainage:-
-- Axillary Vein
-- Internal thoracic vein
-- Intercostal vein

Define the following terms:-

-- Puberty
-- Menopause
-- Spermatogenesis
-- Oogenesis
-- Menarche
PUBERTY
 MENOPAUSE
-- The word Menopause came from the Greek word ‘Mens’ meaning Monthly and Pause
meaning Cessation.
-- Menopause is the end of the menstruation.
-- The menopause is the part of a women’s natural ageing process when her ovaries produce
lower level of the Estrogen and Progesterone and when she no longer able to become
pregnant.
 MENARCHE
• Menarche is the first onset of menstruation , which occurs between the age
of 12-15 years of age in female.
• The process of menstruation continues of about 45-48 years at regular
intervals except during pregnancy.

MENSTRUAL CYCLE
-- The menstrual cycle is a series of natural changes in hormone production and the
structures of the uterus and ovaries of the female reproductive system that make pregnancy
possible. The ovarian/menstrual cycle controls the reproductive and release of eggs and the
cyclic release of estrogen and progesterone .
-- The usual duration of the menstrual flow is 3-5 days , But flows as shorts as 1 day and as
long as 8 days can occur in a normal female . The amount of blood loss can range from
slight spotting to 80ml and the average being 30ml.The loss of >80ml of the blood is
considered abnormal.
PHASES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE
 PHASES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE
A. Proliferative Phase- 10 days
B. Secretory Phase- 14 days
C. Menstrual Phase- 4 days

CHANGES DURING MENSTRUAL CYCLE

During each menstrual cycle , Series of changes occurs;
• Ovarian Changes
• Uterine changes
• Vaginal Changes
• Cervical Changes/ Changes in Cervix
-- All these changes take place simultaneously.
 OVARIAN CHANGES
The changes in the ovary during each menstrual cycle occurs in two phases:-
1. Follicular Phase And
2. Luteal Phase
A. Follicular Phase-
-- The follicular phase extends from the 5th day of the cycle until the time of ovulation,
which takes place on 14th day.
-- Maturation of Ovum with development of Ovarian follicles takes place during this phase.

B. Luteal Phase-
-- The Luteal phase extends between 15th – 28th day of menstrual cycle.
-- During this phase, corpus luteum is developed.
-- Hence this phase is also known as Corpus luteal phase.
-- The fate of corpus luteum depends upon whether ovum is fertilized or not.
&& If the ovum is not fertilized: Corpus luteum reaches the maximum size about one
week after ovulation, It secrete large quantity of Progesterone and low quantity of Estrogen
and after that Corpus luteum decrease in size & degenerate into corpus luteum menstruralis
B. Luteal Phase-
&& If the Ovum is fertilized: The Corpus luteum persists & increase in size then
transformed into corpus luteum of pregnancy. During this period, it secretes large amount of
Progesterone and low quantity of Estrogen which are essential for the maintenance of
pregnancy.

UTERINE CHANGES
During each menstrual cycle, along with Ovarian changes, the uterine changes also occur
simultaneously.
Uterine changes occur in 3 phases:
C. Menstrual Phase-
-- It is also known as bleeding phase, in this phase discharge of blood, connective tissue and
mucus from Endometrium occurs.
-- In this time, the level of Estrogen and Progesterone is very low.
-- It occurs only when the Ovum is not fertilized.
 UTERINE CHANGES
D. Proliferative Phase-
-- This phase extend from 5th day to 14 day of menstrual cycle.
-- In this phase endometrial cells proliferate rapidly.
-- This phase occurs due to influence of Estrogen.
-- Ovulation occurs under the influence of Luteinizing hormone(LH).

UTERINE CHANGES
E. Secretory phase-
-- This phase extends between 15th to 28th days of menstrual cycle.
-- This phase is also called Preparatory period.
-- If Ovum is not fertilized , menstruation occurs after this phase and new cycle begins.
Q. Write down the Physiology Or Mechanism of Menstrual
Cycle??
 HORMONAL REGULATION OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

OOGENESIS
The process of formation and development of Ova from the Primordial germ cell of the ovary is
called Oogenesis. It starts during intrauterine life.
 OVULATION
Ovulation is the process in which a mature egg is released from the ovary. After its released, the egg
moves down the fallopian tube and stays there for 12-24 hours, where it can be fertilized.
Fertilization:-
Fertilization takes place in the fallopian tube. It happens when sperm cell successfully meets
an egg cell in the fallopian tube. Ones fertilization takes place, this newly fertilized cell is
called zygote.

FERTILIZATION
 IMPLANTATION

Implantation:- Is the process by which the fertilized Ovum or Zygote implants in the
endometrial lining of the uterus.
IMPLANTATION
 SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS IN FEMALE
The physical and physiological changes which occur at puberty are:-
• Enlargement of the breast and vagina
• Growth of axillary and pubic hair
• Maturation of ovary, uterus and uterine tubes
• Increase in growth and widening of the pelvis
• Onset of menstruation and ovulation
• Deposition of fat in the hips and breast
• Changes in voice
• Attraction of Opposite sex

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

REPRODUCTION

• Reproduction is the process of producing own kinds o off springs to

maintain the continuity of race.
 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• Male reproductive system is mainly concerned with production of semen and transferring
it into the female reproductive tract.
• Male reproductive system produces spermatozoa or sperm cells
• It transmits spermatozoa to the female reproductive organ.

ORGANS OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A. External Male Reproductive System:-
-- Scrotum-2
-- Penis-1
B. Internal Male Reproductive System:-
-- Testes-2
-- Epididymis-2
-- Vas deferens-2
-- Spermatic cords
-- Seminal Vesicle-2
-- Ejaculatory duct-2
-- Prostate gland-1
 SCROTUM
• The Scrotum is a pouch like structure containing testes, epididymis and lower part of the
spermatic cord.
• It lies below the symphysis pubis and front of the upper part of the thigh and behind the
penis.
• It divided into 2 compartments, each of which contains one testes and one epididymis.
• The wall of Scrotum is made up of Skin, Superficial fascia and Spermatic fascia.
• Function:- It maintain optimal temperature for Spermatogenesis.

PENIS

• The penis is the male external genital organ for passage of urine and semen to the exterior.
• Penis is also known as Copulation Organ.
• It is cylindrical, muscular, erectile spongy organ about 10 cm long 4cm breadth.
 BLOOD & NERVE SUPPLY OF PENIS
Arterial Supply:- Branches of External And Internal Pudendal artery
Venous Drainage:- Superficial And Deep Penile Vein.
Nerve Supply:-
-- Pudendal Nerve
-- Pelvic Nerve
 TESTES
• Testes are the male reproductive glands or organs and are equivalent of the Ovary in the
female.
• One on each side lies in the scrotum being suspended by the spermatic cord.
• The size of testes is 4.5 cm length , 2.5 cm breath and 3 cm thicken.

COVERING/ STRUCTURE OF TESTES

• The testes are covered by three layers of tissues:-
1. Tunica Vaginalis- It is outer layer of testes formed by serous membrane.

2. Tunica Albuginea- It is middle layer of testes formed by Fibrous tissue.

3. Tunica Vasculosa- It is inner layer of testes formed by Connective tissue.

 BLOOD & NERVE SUPPLY OF TESTES

Arterial Supply- Testicular Artery which is a direct branch of Abdominal Aorta.

Venous Drainage- Testicular Vein
Nerve Supply-
-- Testicular Plexus
-- pelvic Plexus

Function:- Testes produce Spermatozoa & It secrete male sex hormone called
Testesterone.

EPIDIDYMIS
• Epididymis is a tightly coiled tubule surrounded by a connective tissue.
• It lies posterior to the testes. When epididymis fully stretched it is nearly 20 fit.
• The blood of epididymis is by Testicular Artery.
• The function of testes is to Store Sperm( 18 hour to 10 Days) and it transport Spermatozoa
from testes to vas deferens.
 VAS DEFERENS

• The continuation of epididymis after tail is vas deferens. It is thick walled

fibro muscular tube of 45 cm length.
• It conveys mature sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.
 SPERMATIC CORDS

• There are two spermatic cords one from each testes. The spermatic cord suspends the
testes in the scrotum. It passes through the inguinal canal.
• Each spermatic cord is composed of the following structure:-
- Testicular artery
-Testicular vein
- Lymph vessels
-Nerves- 10th and 11th thoracic nerve

SEMINAL VESICLES
• The seminal vesicles are two small fibromuscular pouches situated behind the urinary
bladder and the prostate gland.
• Each vesicles is about 5 cm on coiled and if uncoiled the tube becomes 10-15 cm long.
• The blood supply is by Inferior Vesicle and Middle Rectal Artery.
• The Nerve supply is by Autonomic Nervous system.
• Seminal vesicles secrets mucin which is viscous and slightly alkaline in nature and these
secretion provide nutrition of sperm.
 EJACULATORY DUCT

-- The ejaculatory ducts are two short tube like structure pass through the prostate gland and
join the prostatic urethra and it carrying seminal fluid and spermatozoa to the urethra. It is
about 2cm long.
 PROSTATE GLAND

• Prostate gland is an accessory gland of male reproductive system.

• It is situated in the pelvic cavity in front of rectum and behind the symphysis pubis.
• The prostate gland weighing about 20-25 gm.
• Prostate gland is supplied by inferior Vesicle and Middle Rectal artery.
• Function:-
-- It secretes prostatic fluids
-- It helps in clotting of semen
-- It helps in maintenance of Optimal pH for fertilization
 SPERMATOGENESIS
Spermatogenesis is the production of sperm from the primordial germ cells.
 SPERMATOGENESIS

SPERMATOZOA
• Spermatozoa are the male reproductive cells, develop in the testes.
• It is also known as Sperm.
• The mature spermatozoa are 60 micron long.
• Sperm Count:- 50-100 million/ml of semen.
• Sterility occurs when the sperm count falls below 20 million/ml.
HORMONAL REGULATION OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
CONCEPT OF CONCEPTION AND PREGNANCY

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPERMATOGENESIS & OOGENESIS

 THE PATHWAY OF SPERMATOZOA FROM ORIGIN TO EXIT

SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES IN MALE

1. Enlargement of the larynx & deepening of the voice
2. Enlargement of the penis, Scrotum & Prostate gland
3. Production of Spermatozoa
4. Growth of axillary hair , pubic hair, hair on the chest and abdomen
5. The attraction to the opposite sex
6. Maturation of the seminiferous tubules
7. Growth of muscles & bones and marked increase in height and weight.
 CONTENTS OF SPERMATIC CORD
1.Testicular artery
2. Testicular vein
3. Lymph vessels
4. Nerves
5. Cremasteric artery
6. Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
7. Artery to Vas deferens
8.Vas Deferens
9.Processus Vaginalis

Define Ovulation. Mention its Mechanism?

OR
Define Ovulation . Mention the Stages ovulation?
MECHANISM OR STAGES OF OVULATION
 LH SERGE
Definition:- Due to rise in luteinizing hormone, the Ovulation is spontaneously triggered
And is known as LH Serge.
-- LH Serge initiates the beginning of Ovulation.
-- It begins around 36 hours before ovulation.

LH SERGE
 LH SERGE

GRAFFIAN’S FOLLICLE
GRAFIAN’S FOLLICLE