LG 32

Bar Bending & Concreting Level II
Learning Guide # 32
Unit of Competence: Install and Fix Reinforcement Bar
Module Title: Installing and Fixing
Reinforcement Bar
LG Code: EIS BBC2 M09 LO4- LG-32
TTLM Code: EIS BBC2 TTLM 1019 v1
LO4: Check Reinforcement Prior to

Concrete Pour
Page 1 of 30 Federal TVET Agency Learning Guide for Bar Bending & Version -1
Author/Copyright Concreting Level II October 2019
Instruction Sheet Learning Guide 32
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the following
content coverage and topics –
4.1 Checking location and position of reinforcement and fixing ties
4.2 Checking depth of coverage, clearance, spacing and overlap of reinforcement material
4.3 Cutting reinforcement bars using appropriate methods
4.4 Cutting Reinforcement bars to approved lengths and configurations
4.5. Bending reinforcement bars to specification
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to –
4.1. Check location and position of reinforcement and fixing ties

4.2. Check depth of coverage, clearance, spacing and overlap of reinforcement material
4.3. Cut reinforcement bars using appropriate methods
4.4. Cut reinforcement bars to approved lengths and configurations
4.5. Bend reinforcement bars to specification
Learning Instructions:
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
2. Follow the instructions described in number 3 to 7.
3. Read the information written for each “Information Sheets given below
4. Accomplish the “Self-check after reading & understanding of each information sheet
5. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation from the “Self-check” proceed to “Operation Sheet
6. Lastly do the “LAP test
7. If you have any question ask your teacher
Information Sheet 1 Checking location and position of reinforcement
and fixing ties
4.1 Checking location and position of reinforcement and fixing ties
This is the last work to be performed in the construction of R.C.C before concreting work is
started. During checking the following sequence of supervision should be observed.
a) Check the cutting and placing of the reinforcement is according to the structural drawing
and bending schedule.
b) Check main and transverse reinforcement are placed in position according to working
drawing.
c) Check reinforcement placed in position are according to center to center distance of the
working drawing.
d) Check the capes are tied together firmly with tie wire.
e) Check the axis (grid) of the structures are in there correct position using string and mason
square.
f) Finally checks the stability of the capes and proper covers are provided.
Fig.1 position and fixing reinforcement bars
Self-Check 1 Multiple Choice
Instruction: Select the best answer and encircle the letter

1. What is the last work to be performed in the construction of R.C.C before concreting work
is started
A/ Mixing concrete
B/ Checking location and position of reinforcement and fixing ties
C/ Bending rebar
D/ All of the above are correct

2. What will be the first steps during checking by supervisor in the work site of reinforcement
placement?
.
A/ Check the capes are tied together firmly with tie wire
B/ Checks the stability of the capes and proper covers are provided
C/ Check the cutting and placing of the reinforcement is according to the structural
drawing and bending schedule
D/ All of the above

3. What will be the second steps during checking by supervisor in the work site of
reinforcement placement?
A/ Check the cutting and placing of the reinforcement is according to the structural
drawing and bending schedule
B/ Check main and transverse reinforcement are placed in position according to

working drawing
C/ Check the capes are tied together firmly with tie wire
D/ All of the above

4. In the work site of reinforcement placement checking the stability of the capes and proper
covers is
A/ The first steps
B/ The second steps
C/The last steps
D/ None of the above
Note: Satisfactory rating - 2 points Unsatisfactory - below 2 points

You can ask you teacher for the copy of the correct answers.
Answer Sheet Score = ___________

Rating: ____________
Operation Sheet- 1 Checking location and position of reinforcement bars for slab
Procedure for Checking location and position of reinforcement bars for slab
Step 1 Check the cutting and placing of the reinforcement is according to the structural drawing
and bending schedule.
Step 2 Check main and transverse reinforcement are placed in position according to working
drawing
Step 3 Check reinforcement placed in position are according to center to center distance of the
working drawing
Step 4 Check the capes are tied together firmly with tie wire.
Step 5 Check the axis(grid) of the structures are in there correct position using string and
mason square
Step 6 Finally checks the stability of the capes and proper covers are provided.
Checking depth of coverage, clearance, spacing and
Information Sheet 2
overlap of reinforcement material
4.2 Checking depth of coverage, clearance, spacing and overlap of reinforcement material
● Overlap Length
Overlap Length / Lap Length in Reinforcement (Bar Bending Schedule) :-
Suppose the length of building is 20 m. The standard length of Rebar is 12m. We have to join two
Re-bars for the total length of building. In order to Join the two bars (overlap). Overlap length is
adopted.
Overlap Length for compression members = 40D
Overlap Length for tension members = 50D
Where D is the Diameter of the bar
Fig. 2 overlap of bar
● Clearance or Spacing
. Clearance or Spacing: is a device which holds steel reinforcement in its proper position or which
holds wall forms at a given distance apart before and during concreting.
The stirrup is the outer frame that holds the load bearing bars in the correct position. These are
prepared on site using 10mm diameter bars. The exact length of the bars for stirrups needs to be
carefully calculated based on the dimensions of the column or beam. The re-bars have to be
covered all round with at least 25mm to 30mm concrete. The stirrups therefore need to be cut
and bent to allow for sufficient coverage.
Make sure the end bend is minimum 50mm.
Fig.3 Clearance or Spacing

:
1. Suppose the length of building is 20 m. The standard length of Rebar is 12m. We have to
join two Re-bars for the total length of building by
A/ Concrete coverage & clearance
B/ Spacing of bars
C/ Overlap of reinforcement
2. The minimum overlap length of bar for compression members
A/ 40 X Diameter of bar
B/ 50 X Diameter of bar
C/ 60 X Diameter of bar

3. The minimum overlap length of bar for Tensile members
A/ 40 X Diameter of bar
B/ 50 X Diameter of bar
C/ 60 X Diameter of bar
4. Clearance between form work and rebar is formed with
A/ Concrete
B/ Spacer
C/ Stirrup
5. What is the advantage of overlap of bar in concrete work?
A/ To increase its diameter
B/ To increase its length
C/ To get good appearance
D/ All of the above
Note: Satisfactory rating – 3 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 points


Rating: ____________
Page 10 of Federal TVET Agency Learning Guide for Bar Bending & Version -1
30 Author/Copyright Concreting Level II October 2019
Information Sheet 3 Cutting reinforcement bars using appropriate methods
4.3 Cutting reinforcement bars using appropriate methods
Reinforcing bars are also known as rebar, and they are staples in construction and
masonry. They are most often made from steel. Rebar has many benefits, including being
durable and useful for supporting concrete by providing a solid structure. You will find
them used in sidewalks, buildings, highway, foundations, and bridges.
Steel rebars are usually cut into very long lengths, up to 60 feet, so when
You are working with them you will need to adjust it for your project.
There are a few different kinds of rebar. The first step is to select the right rebar, and your
cutting method will depend on the length and diameter.
Any residential work like landscaping or concrete work, typically use #3 rebar, which
measures 3/8 of an inch in diameter. Larger diameters of rebar usually are only used in
industrial or commercial applications because it requires specialized equipment to cut it,
just like you would cutting galvanized pipe .
The most common type of rebar is used by hobbyists is rebar #4, which is a ½ inch in
diameter. Rebar of this size can be cut with a hacksaw. Larger rebar such as the kind used
and industrial concrete work would need a different power tool.
So based on this idea we have two method to cut rebar.
1. Cutting with hand tools like hack saw and
2. Cutting with power tools like a miter saw, chop saw, or circular saw outfitted with a
diamond blade will be the fastest way to cut the rebar

1. Reinforcing bars are also known as------------
A/ Concrete coverage
B/ Rebar
C/ Tie wire
2. One of the following is the benefit of rebar
A/ It is durable and useful for supporting concrete by providing a solid structure
B/ used in sidewalks, buildings & highway
C/ used in foundations and bridges
D/ All of the above

3. To select the methods bar cutting it is depend on
A/ Length
B/ Diameter
C/ The type of project design to construct
D/ All of the above
4. The most common & simple method of cutting bar for a with less diameter of bars is
A/ Cutting with hand tools
B/ Cutting with Hack saw
C/ Cutting with power tools
D/ A& B are correct

Rating: ____________
Cutting Reinforcement bars to approved lengths and
Information Sheet 4
configurations
4.4 Cutting Reinforcement bars to approved lengths and configurations
Bar Bending Schedule for Reinforced Concrete Beam
Example of Beam Reinforcement Calculation:
Consider a beam of clear length of 4m, 300mm wide by 450mm depth. It consists of 2-12
diameter bars at top, and 2-16 diameter and 1 – 12 diameter bars at the bottom. Diameter of
stirrup is 8mm spaced at 180mm center to center. Clear cover to reinforcement provided is
40mm.
Fig: 4 RCC Beam Reinforcement Details
Fig:5 RCC Beam Cross-Section
Now we will calculate the length of reinforcement based on shapes of reinforcement required for
reinforced concrete beam in above example.
We will start with bottom reinforcement, B1.
Bar shape of B1 is as shown below:
Length of B1 = clear distance between walls + 2 x width of walls – 2 x bar cover + 2 x bend
length
Bend length = 6 x 16 = 96 consider as 100mm
Bend length is calculated as 6 x diameter of bar for reinforcement conforming to IS: 1786-1961
Length of B1 = 4000 + 2 x 230 – 2 x 40 + 2 x100 = 4580mm
Length of bar B2 is calculated based on shape of this bar. This bar bends up near the support as
shown below:
Length of bar B2: A + B + C = 4000 + 2 x 230 –2

x 40 + (1.414xH – H)
H = 450 – 2 x 40 – 2 x 12 – 2 x 12/2 = 334mm
B2 = 4000 + 2 x 230 – 2 x 40 + (1.414×334 – 334) = 4518.3 = 4520mm
Length of Bar T1 = 4000 + 2 x 230 -2 x 40 = 4380mm
Length of Stirrups S1:
Stirrups are spaced at 180mm center to center. Stirrups are provided between walls or support
for a beam.
No. of stirrups required for given beam =
Length a = 450 – 2 x40 – 8 = 362mm
Length b = 300 – 2 x 40 – 8 = 212mm
Therefore, length of 1 stirrup S1 = 2 x (212 + 362 + 90) = 1328 mm
Where 90mm is the minimum hook length
Length of Hook’s in Stirrups:
We generally consider length of hook = 10 D (for bars having diameter greater than or equals to
8mm)
Where d → Diameter of stirrup
Fig:6 Hook in stirrup Bend Length
Why hook is provided in stirrups
Hook is provided in stirrups for the following reasons:
1. To prevent from buckling of column.

2. The main requirement for safety against bond failure is to provide a sufficient extension of
the length of the bar beyond the point where the steel is required to develop its yield stress
and this length must be at least equal to its development length. However, if the actual
available length is inadequate for full development, special anchorages must be provided,
such as cogs or hooks or mechanical end plates.
3. Hooks are provided for to resist seismic movement.
4. To prevent concrete from splitting outward.
5. It prevents slippage of steel from the concrete.
6. To Keep longitudinal steel bars in position and hold steel tightly.
The bend length defines “the length you will need to add to the actual leg lengths of the part in
order to get the flat pattern cut to a correct size”.
For 45 degree bend, length of reinforced bar increase by 1 d
For 90 degree bend, length reinforced bar increase by 2 d
For 135 degree bend, length reinforced bar increase by 3d
Example:-
Q: - Calculate the cutting length of the stirrups given in the following fig Clear cover of
beam is 25 mm
Cross section of beam
Ans:-
Given data:
Clear cover = 25 mm
Depth of beam = 450 mm
Width of beam = 300 mm
Diameter of stirrup =8 mm
Cutting length of stirrup = 2a+2b + (2 x Hook length) – Bend deduction
Where,
a= Width of beam – (2 x clear cover) – ( 2 x Half of diameter of bar)
b= Depth of beam – (2 x clear cover) – ( 2 x Half of diameter of bar)
Therefore,
a= 300 – (2 x 25) – (2 x 4) = 242 mm
b= 450 – (2 x 25) – (2 x 4) = 392 mm
Length of hook (Development length) = 10 d = 10×8 = 80 mm
Bend deductions:
90 degree bent –> 3 no’s
For 90 degree bend, length reinforced bar increase by 2 d
i.e., Bend length = 3 x (2×8) = 3×16 = 48 mm
135 degree bent –> 2 no’s
i.e., Bend length = 2 x (3×8) = 2 x 24 = 48 mm
So Cutting length of stirrup = (2×242) + (2×392) + (2×80) – (48+48) = 1428 – 96 = 1332 mm


:
1. What will be formula to calculate the length of reinforcement for the given beam?
A/ Length = clear distance between walls + 2 x width of walls – 2 x bar cover + 2 x bend
length
B/ ` Length = clear distance between walls + 2 x width of walls + 2 x bar cover - 2 x bend
length
C/ Length= clear distance between walls + 2 x width of walls + 2 x bar cover + 2 x bend length

2. What will be the number of stirrup if a beam has a span length 10m and spaced at 200mm
center to center.
A/ 50
B/ 45
C/ 51
D/60
3. The formula N= is used to calculate?
A/ The total number of column bar
B/ The total number of stirrup
C/ The total number of slab bar
D/ All of the above
4. Hook is provided in stirrups for the following reasons EXCEPT
A/ To prevent from buckling of column

B/ Hooks are provided for to resist seismic movement
C/ To prevent concrete from splitting outward


Rating: ____________
Information Sheet 5 Bending reinforcement bars to specification
4.5. Bending reinforcement bars to specification
Bending of hook
Bending of right angle hook bending can be done manually using bar bender and hook type
bender or using powered bending machine. The bench must support the bar properly as it is
being bent to avoid bending in the wrong plane. Waste can be avoided before bending a large
section complex bar if a template is made with small section bar for checking. Vernier caliper
should also be provided for the checking of steel diameter on delivery, as it is difficult to identify
the different sizes by observation.
A cutting tolerance of approximately + 25 mm should be allowed. And this can be lost in bending
when a bar has to be bent both ends, marking should commence by measuring among from the
centre of a bar. Any surplus is then taken up in the hook, leaving the bar correct in those
dimensions which are important. Steel loses some flexibility in cold weather and care must be
taken in bending and handling at temperature below 5ºc.
. Additional Length for Bent up or Crank Bar with Bends:-
The additional length (la) that is introduced in the simple, straight end-to-end length of a
reinforcement bar due to being bent up at (Theta) say 30o to 60o, but it is generally
o
45 = l1 – l2 = la
Where,
Fig:7 Hooks and bends in Reinforcement
Giving different values to respectively), we get different values of la, as

tabulated below:
Giving different values to clip_image005 respectively), we get different values of la, as tabulated
below:
Figure 1 presents the procedure to arrive at the length of hooks and the total length of a given
steel reinforcement.
For 45 Deg | Crank length is provided in Slab Shear stress is maximum at supports in Slab. So,
to resist this stress we usually crank the bars at the ends of supports in slab.
Crank bar is bent up at an angle of 45 degree with the length of 0.42D
D = Depth of Slab-Top Cover-Bottom cover

1. One of the following equipment is used to bend hook in the work shop
A/ Bar Bender
B/ Hook Type Bender
C/ Powered Bending Machine

2. ----- is must support the bar properly as it is being bent to avoid bending in the wrong
plane
A/ Powered Bending Machine

B/ Bar Bender
C/ Bench
D/ All of the above
3. What action a bar bender must take before bending a bar for a large section complex
work to avoided Waste?
A/ Read & interpreting bar schedule
B/ Measure based on specification
C/ Use template
D/ All of the above
4. One of the following instrument is used to measure steel diameter

A/ Vernier caliper
B/ Tap rule
C/ Hack saw
D/ A & B are correct


Rating: ____________
LAP Test Practical Demonstration
Name: _____________________________ Date: ________________

Time started: ________________________ Time finished: ________________
Instructions: Given necessary templates, workshop, tools and materials you are required to
perform the following tasks within 1 hours.
Task 1: Checking location and position of reinforcement bars for slab
List of Reference Materials
The trainers who develop this Learning Guide are
N0 Name Qualification Region E.mail

1 Tesfaye Assegidew MSC in CoTM SNNPR tesfayeassegidew@gmail.com
2 Habtamu Wendmagegn BSc in Civil Eng Dire Dawa Joniyitna9@gmail.com
3 Yazachew Geneti MSc in CoTM BGRS 0917858176

4 Gebresilasie Jemal BSc in Con. Tech Addis Abeba Gebrajemal@gmail.com
5 Getachew Mohammed MSC in CoTM Amhara Gerimom07@gmail.com
6 Kibryisfaw Tulema BSc in ConTech Somalie kibrutulema@gmail.com
TTLM Development Manual Date: January 2012
Page 30 of 113
Revision: 2 Author: ecbp/MoE – TVET Outcome Based Training Core Process

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Bar Bending & Concreting Level II

LO4: Check Reinforcement Prior to

4.1. Check location and position of reinforcement and fixing ties

1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.

2. Follow the instructions described in number 3 to 7.

6. Lastly do the “LAP test

7. If you have any question ask your teacher

4.1 Checking location and position of reinforcement and fixing ties

Fig.1 position and fixing reinforcement bars

Instruction: Select the best answer and encircle the letter

B/ Checking location and position of reinforcement and fixing ties

D/ All of the above are correct

D/ All of the above

B/ Check main and transverse reinforcement are placed in position according to

D/ All of the above

A/ The first steps

B/ The second steps

C/The last steps

D/ None of the above

Note: Satisfactory rating - 2 points Unsatisfactory - below 2 points

Answer Sheet Score = ___________

Overlap Length for compression members = 40D

Overlap Length for tension members = 50D

Where D is the Diameter of the bar

Fig. 2 overlap of bar

Make sure the end bend is minimum 50mm.

Fig.3 Clearance or Spacing

Instruction: Select the best answer and encircle the letter

A/ Concrete coverage & clearance

D/ All of the above are correct

2. The minimum overlap length of bar for compression members

D/ None of the above

4. Clearance between form work and rebar is formed with

Note: Satisfactory rating – 3 points Unsatisfactory - below 3 points

Answer Sheet Score = ___________

4.3 Cutting reinforcement bars using appropriate methods

Instruction: Select the best answer and encircle the letter

D/ All of the above are correct

2. One of the following is the benefit of rebar

A/ It is durable and useful for supporting concrete by providing a solid structure

B/ used in sidewalks, buildings & highway

C/ used in foundations and bridges

D/ All of the above

Answer Sheet Score = ___________

4.4 Cutting Reinforcement bars to approved lengths and configurations

Bar Bending Schedule for Reinforced Concrete Beam

Example of Beam Reinforcement Calculation:

Fig: 4 RCC Beam Reinforcement Details

We will start with bottom reinforcement, B1.

Bar shape of B1 is as shown below:

Bend length = 6 x 16 = 96 consider as 100mm

Length of B1 = 4000 + 2 x 230 – 2 x 40 + 2 x100 = 4580mm

Length of bar B2: A + B + C = 4000 + 2 x 230 –2

B2 = 4000 + 2 x 230 – 2 x 40 + (1.414×334 – 334) = 4518.3 = 4520mm

Length of Bar T1 = 4000 + 2 x 230 -2 x 40 = 4380mm

Length of Stirrups S1:

No. of stirrups required for given beam =

Length a = 450 – 2 x40 – 8 = 362mm

Length b = 300 – 2 x 40 – 8 = 212mm

Therefore, length of 1 stirrup S1 = 2 x (212 + 362 + 90) = 1328 mm

Length of Hook’s in Stirrups:

Where d → Diameter of stirrup

Fig:6 Hook in stirrup Bend Length

Why hook is provided in stirrups

Name: _____________ Date: