Oscillations 105

CHAPTER

14 Oscillations

14.3 Simple Harmonic Motion
1. The displacement of a particle executing
simple harmonic motion is given by
y = A0 + Asinwt + Bcoswt. Then the amplitude of its
oscillation is given by
6. A particle executes simple harmonic oscillation with
an amplitude a. The period of oscillation is T. The
minimum time taken by the particle to travel half of
the amplitude from the equilibrium position is
(a) T/8 (b) T/12 (c) T/2 (d) T/4. (2007)

(a) A + B (b) A0 + A2 + B2 7. The circular motion of a particle with constant speed is

(a) periodic but not simple harmonic
(c) A2 + B2 (d) A02 + ( A + B)2 (b) simple harmonic but not periodic
(NEET 2019) (c) period and simple harmonic
(d) neither periodic nor simple harmonic. (2005)
2. The distance covered by a particle undergoing SHM
in one time period is (amplitude = A) 8. Two SHM’s with same amplitude and time period,
(a) zero (b) A (c) 2A (d) 4A when acting together in perpendicular directions
 (Odisha NEET 2019) with a phase difference of p/2, give rise to
3. Out of the following functions representing motion (a) straight motion (b) elliptical motion
of a particle, which represents SHM ? (c) circular motion (d) none of these. (1997)
(1) y = sinwt – coswt (2) y = sin3wt
9. A simple harmonic oscillator has an amplitude A
 3π 
(3) y = 5 cos  − 3ωt  and time period T. The time required by it to travel
 4 
(4) y = 1 + wt + w2t2 from x = A to x = A/2 is
(a) Only (1) (a) T/6 (b) T/4 (c) T/3 (d) T/2 (1992)
(b) Only (4) does not represent SHM 10. The composition of two simple harmonic motions of
(c) Only (1) and (3) (d) Only (1) and (2) (2011) equal periods at right angle to each other and with a
4. Two particles are oscillating along two close parallel phase difference of p results in the displacement of
straight lines side by side, with the same frequency the particle along
and amplitudes. They pass each other, moving in (a) circle (b) figure of eight
opposite directions when their displacement is half (c) straight line (d) ellipse (1990)
of the amplitude. The mean positions of the two 14.4 Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform
particles lie on a straight line perpendicular to the Circular Motion
paths of the two particles. The phase difference is
π 2π 11. The radius of circle, the y
(a) (b) 0 (c) (d) p period of revolution, initial
6 3 P(t = 0)
(Mains 2011) position and sense of
T=4s
5. The displacement of a particle along the x-axis is revolution are indicated in
the figure. y-projection of x
given by x = asin2wt. The motion of the particle
the radius vector of rotating 3m
corresponds to particle P is
(a) simple harmonic motion of frequency w/p  πt 
(b) simple harmonic motion of frequency 3w/2p (a) y(t ) = 3 cos  , where y in m
 2 
(c) non simple harmonic motion
(d) simple harmonic motion of frequency w/2p (2010) (b) y(t) = –3 cos2pt, where y in m
106

 πt 
(c) y(t ) = 4 sin  , where y in m
 2 
(b)
 3πt 
(d) y(t ) = 3 cos  , where y in m (NEET 2019)
 2 
14.5 
Velocity and Acceleration in Simple
Harmonic Motion (c)
12. The phase difference between displacement and
acceleration of a particle in a simple harmonic
motion is
(a) p rad (b) 3p/2 rad (d)
(c) p/2 rad (d) zero (NEET 2020) (2014)
13. Average velocity of a particle executing SHM in one
complete vibration is 18. A particle of mass m oscillates along x-axis
Aω according to equation x = asinwt. The nature of the
(a) zero (b) graph between momentum and displacement of the
2
Aω2 particle is
(c) Aw (d) (NEET 2019) (a) Circle
2
14. A particle executes linear simple harmonic motion (b) Hyperbola
with an amplitude of 3 cm. When the particle is at (c) Ellipse
2 cm from the mean position, the magnitude of its (d) Straight line passing through origin.
velocity is equal to that of its acceleration. Then its (Karnataka NEET 2013)
time period in seconds is 19. Two simple harmonic motions of angular frequency
5 4π 2π 5 100 and 1000 rad s–1 have the same displacement
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2π 5 3 π amplitude. The ratio of their maximum acceleration is
(NEET 2017) (a) 1 : 103 (b) 1 : 104 (c) 1 : 10 (d) 1 : 102(2008)
15. A particle is executing a simple harmonic motion. Its 20. A point performs simple harmonic oscillation of
maximum acceleration is a and maximum velocity period T and the equation of motion is given by
is b. Then, its time period of vibration will be x = a sin(wt + p/6). After the elapse of what fraction
β2 2πβ β2 α of the time period, the velocity of the point will be
(a) (b) (c) (d) (2015) equal to half of its maximum velocity?
α α α2 β
(a) T/3 (b) T/12 (c) T/8 (d) T/6 (2008)
16. A particle is executing SHM along a straight line. Its
velocities at distances x1 and x2 from the mean position 21. The phase difference between the instantaneous
are V1 and V2, respectively. Its time period is velocity and acceleration of a particle executing
simple harmonic motion is
2 2 V12 − V22 (a) p (b) 0.707p
(a) 2 π V1 + V2 (b) 2 π
x12 − x22 (c) zero (d) 0.5p (2007)
x12 + x22
22. A particle executing simple harmonic motion of
x12 + x22 x22 − x12 amplitude 5 cm has maximum speed of 31.4 cm/s.
(c) 2 π (d) 2 π The frequency of its oscillation is
V12 + V22 V12 − V22 (a) 4 Hz (b) 3 Hz
(2015 Cancelled) (c) 2 Hz (d) 1 Hz. (2004)
17. The oscillation of a body on a smooth horizontal 23. Which one of the following statements is true for the
surface is represented by the equation, X = A cos(wt) speed v and the acceleration a of a particle executing
simple harmonic motion ?
where X = displacement at time t
(a) When v is maximum, a is maximum.
w = frequency of oscillation (b) Value of a is zero, whatever may be the value of v.
Which one of the following graphs shows correctly (c) When v is zero, a is zero.
the variation of a with t ? (d) When v is maximum, a is zero. (2003)
Here a = acceleration at time t, T = time period
24. A particle starts with S.H.M. from the mean position
as shown in the figure. Its amplitude is A and its time
(a) period is T. At one time, its speed is half that of the
maximum speed.
What is its displacement?
Oscillations 107

2A
(a)
3 (c)
3A
(b)
2
2A 3A
(c) (d)  (1996)
3 2 (d) (2011)
25. If a simple harmonic oscillator has got a displacement
of 0.02 m and acceleration equal to 2.0 m/s2 at any 30. The particle executing simple harmonic motion has
time, the angular frequency of the oscillator is equal a kinetic energy K0cos2wt. The maximum values
to of the potential energy and the total energy are
(a) 10 rad/s (b) 0.1 rad/s respectively
(c) 100 rad/s (d) 1 rad/s (1992) (a) K0/2 and K0 (b) K0 and 2K0
26. A body is executing simple harmonic motion. When (c) K0 and K0 (d) 0 and 2K0 (2007)
the displacements from the mean position is 4 cm
31. The potential energy of a simple harmonic oscillator
and 5 cm, the corresponding velocities of the body is
10 cm/sec and 8 cm/sec. Then the time period of the when the particle is half way to its end point is
2 1 1 1
body is (a) E (b) E (c) E (d) E (2003)
(a) 2p sec (b) p/2 sec 3 8 4 2
(c) p sec (d) 3p/2 sec (1991) 32. A particle of mass m oscillates with simple harmonic
motion between points x1 and x2, the equilibrium
14.6 Force Law for Simple Harmonic Motion position being O. Its potential energy is plotted. It
27. Which one of the following equations of motion will be as given below in the graph
represents simple harmonic motion?
(a) Acceleration = –k (x + a) (a) (b)
(b) Acceleration = k(x + a)
(c) Acceleration = kx
(d) Acceleration = –k0x + k1x2 (c) (d) (2003)
where k, k0, k1 and a are all positive. (2009)
28. A particle executes S.H.M. along x-axis. The force 33. Displacement between maximum potential energy
acting on it is given by position and maximum kinetic energy position for a
(a) A cos (kx) (b) Ae–kx particle executing simple harmonic motion is
(c) Akx (d) –Akx. (1994, 1988) (a) ± a/2 (b) +a
(c) ± a (d) –1 (2002)
14.7 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
34. The total energy of particle performing SHM
29. A particle of mass m is released from rest and
depends on
follows a parabolic path as shown. Assuming that
the displacement of the mass from the origin is (a) k, a, m (b) k, a
small, which graph correctly depicts the position of (c) k, a, x (d) k, x. (2001)
the particle as a function of time? 35. A linear harmonic oscillator of force constant
2 × 106 N/m and displacement 0.01 m has a total
mechanical energy of 160 J. Its
(a) P.E. is 160 J (b) P.E. is zero
(c) P.E. is 100 J (d) P.E. is 120 J. (1996)
36. In a simple harmonic motion, when the displacement
is one-half the amplitude, what fraction of the total
(a) energy is kinetic?
(a) 1/2 (b) 3/4 (c) zero (d) 1/4. (1995)
37. A loaded vertical spring executes S.H.M. with a time
period of 4 sec. The difference between the kinetic
(b) energy and potential energy of this system varies
with a period of
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(a) 2 sec (b) 1 sec 44. A simple pendulum performs simple harmonic
(c) 8 sec (d) 4 sec (1994) motion about x = 0 with an amplitude a and time
38. A body executes simple harmonic motion with an period T. The speed of the pendulum at x = a/2 will
amplitude A. At what displacement from the mean be
position is the potential energy of the body is one πa 3π2a πa 3 πa 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) (2009)
fourth of its total energy ? T T T 2T
(a) A/4 (b) A/2
45. A mass of 2.0 kg is put on a flat pan
(c) 3A/4
(d) Some other fraction of A (1993) attached to a vertical spring fixed on
the ground as shown in the figure.
39. The angular velocity and the amplitude of a simple The mass of the spring and the pan is
pendulum is w and a respectively. At a displacement
negligible. When pressed slightly and
x from the mean position if its kinetic energy is T
and potential energy is V, then the ratio of T to V is released, the mass executes a simple
harmonic motion. The spring constant is 200 N/m.
(a2 − x 2 ω2 ) x 2 ω2
(a) (b) What should be the minimum amplitude of the
x 2 ω2 (a2 − x 2 ω2 ) motion so that the mass gets detached from the pan?
(a2 − x 2 ) (take g = 10 m/s2)
x2
(c) (d) (1991) (a) 10.0 cm
x2 (a2 − x 2 ) (b) any value less than 12.0 cm
14.8 S ome Systems Executing Simple Harmonic (c) 4.0 cm
Motion (d) 8.0 cm (2007)
40. A pendulum is hung from the roof of a sufficiently 46. A rectangular block of mass m and area of cross-
high building and is moving freely to and fro like section A floats in a liquid of density r. If it is given
a simple harmonic oscillator. The acceleration of a small vertical displacement from equilibrium it
undergoes oscillation with a time period T, then
the bob of the pendulum is 20 m s–2 at a distance
1
of 5 m from the mean position. The time period of (a) T ∝ (b) T ∝ ρ
oscillation is m
1
(a) 2p s (b) p s (c) 2 s (d) 1 s (c) T ∝ 1 (d) T ∝  (2006)
(NEET 2018) A ρ
41. A spring of force constant k is cut into lengths of 47. Two springs of spring constant k1 and k2 are joined
ratio 1 : 2 : 3. They are connected in series and the in series. The effective spring constant of the
new force constant is k′. Then they are connected in combination is given by
parallel and force constant is k′′. Then k′ : k′′ is (a) k1k2 (b) (k1 + k2)/2
(a) 1 : 9 (b) 1 : 11 (c) 1 : 14 (d) 1 : 6 (c) k1 + k2 (d) k1k2/(k1 + k2) (2004)
(NEET 2017)
48. The time period of a mass suspended from a spring
42. A body of mass m is attached to the lower end of is T. If the spring is cut into four equal parts and the
a spring whose upper end is fixed. The spring has same mass is suspended from one of the parts, then
negligible mass. When the mass m is slightly pulled the new time period will be
down and released, it oscillates with a time period of (a) T /4 (b) T
3 s. When the mass m is increased by 1 kg, the time (c) T /2 (d) 2T (2003)
period of oscillations becomes 5 s. The value of m in 49. A mass is suspendedseparately by two different
kg is springs in successive order then time periods is t1
3 4 and t2 respectively. If it is connected by both spring
(a) (b) (c) 16 (d) 9 as shown in figure then time period is t0, the correct
4 3 9 16
(NEET-II 2016) relation is
43. The period of oscillation of a mass M suspended (a) t02 = t12 + t22
from a spring of negligible mass is T. If along with
it another mass M is also suspended, the period of (b) t0−2 = t1−2 + t2−2
oscillation will now be
(c) t0−1 = t1−1 + t2−1
T
(a) T (b) (c) 2T (d) 2T
2 (2010) (d) t0 = t1 + t2 (2002)
Oscillations 109

50. Two masses MA and MB are hung from two strings (a) g/k metres (b) k/g metres
of length lA and lB respectively. They are executing (c) 2p metres (d) g metres. (1994)
SHM with frequency relation fA = 2fB, then relation
58. A seconds pendulum is mounted in a rocket. Its
lB
(a) lA = , does not depend on mass period of oscillation will decrease when rocket is
4
(a) moving down with uniform acceleration
(b) lA = 4lB, does not depend on mass
(b) moving around the earth in geostationary orbit
(c) lA = 2lB and MA = 2MB
(c) moving up with uniform velocity
lB M (d) moving up with uniform acceleration. (1994)
(d) lA = and MA = B (2000)
2 2
59. A simple pendulum is suspended from the roof of a
51. The bob of simple pendulum having length l, is trolley which moves in a horizontal direction with
displaced from mean position to an angular position an acceleration a, then the time period is given by
q with respect to vertical. If it is released, then
velocity of bob at equilibrium position T = 2π (l / a′), where a′ is equal to
(a) g (b) g – a
(a) 2 gl(1 − cos θ) (b) 2 gl(1 + cos θ)
(c) g + a (d) ( g 2 + a2 ) (1991)
(c) 2gl cos θ (d) 2gl (2000) 60. A mass m is suspended from the two coupled springs
connected in series. The force constant for springs
52. Time period of a simple pendulum is 2 sec. If its are k1 and k2. The time period of the suspended mass
length is increased by 4 times, then its time period will be
becomes m mk1k2
(a) T = 2 π (b) T = 2 π
(a) 8 sec (b) 12 sec k1 − k2 k1 + k2
(c) 16 sec (d) 4 sec (1999)
53. Two simple pendulums of length 5 m and 20 m m m(k1 + k2 )
(c) T = 2 π (d) T = 2 π
respectively are given small linear displacement in k1 + k2 k1k2 (1990)
one direction at the same time. They will again be in
the phase when the pendulum of shorter length has 14.9 Damped Simple Harmonic Motion
completed ______ oscillations.
61. When an oscillator completes 100 oscillations, its
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 5 (d) 3 (1998)
amplitude reduced to 1 of initial value. What will
54. A mass m is vertically suspended from a spring 3
of negligible mass; the system oscillates with a be its amplitude, when it completes 200 oscillations?
2
frequency n. What will be the frequency of the (a) 1 (b) (c) 1 (d) 1 (2002)
system, if a mass 4m is suspended from the same 8 3 6 9
spring?
n
14.10 Forced Oscillations and Resonance
n
(a) (b) 4n (c) (d) 2n (1998) 62. In case of a forced vibration, the resonance peak
2 4
55. If the length of a simple pendulum is increased by becomes very sharp when the
2%, then the time period (a) damping force is small
(a) increases by 1% (b) decreases by 1% (b) restoring force is small
(c) increases by 2% (d) decreases by 2%. (1997) (c) applied periodic force is small
(d) quality factor is small (2003)
56. A simple pendulumwith a bob of mass m oscillates
from A to C and back to A such that PB is H. If the 63. A particle, with restoring force proportional to
acceleration due to gravity is g, then the velocity of displacement and resisting force proportional
the bob as it passes through B is to velocity is subjected to a force Fsinwt. If
the amplitude of the particle is maximum for
(a) mgH
w = w1 and the energy of the particle is maximum for
(b) 2gH w = w2, then (w0 is natural frequency of oscillation
(c) zero (d) 2gH. (1995) of the particle)
(a) w1 ≠ w0 and w2 = w0
57. A body of mass 5 kg hangs from a spring and
(b) w1 = w0 and w2 = w0
oscillates with a time period of 2p seconds. If the ball
(c) w1 = w0 and w2 ≠ w0
is removed, the length of the spring will decrease by
(d) w1 ≠ w0 and w2 ≠ w0 (1998, 1989)