BQ GIAO DUC & DAO TAO TRUONG DAI HOC SU’ PHAM KY THUAT TP. HO CHi MINH KHOA DIEN - DIEN TU’ BQ MON DIEN TU CONG NGHIEP — Y SINH DO AN TOT NGHIEP NGANH CONG NGHE KY THUAT DIEN TU TRUYEN THONG GIAM SAT BIEN NANG QUA INTERNET GVHD: ThS. Truong Ngoc Anh SVTH: Doan trung Tin MSSV: 14141318 Tp. Hé Chi Minh - 7/2018BOGIAODYC&DAOTAQ ¥ THUAT TP. HO CHi MINH BQ MON DIEN TU CONG EP—Y SINH DO AN TOT NGHIEP NGANH KY THUAT DIEN TU TRUYEN THONG bE TAL GIAM SAT BIEN NANG QUA INTERNET GVHD: ThS. Truong Ngoc Anh SVTH: Doan trung Tin MSSV: 14141318 Tp. Hé Chi Minh - 7/2018TRUONG DH SPAT TP. HO CHE MINE CONG HOA NA HOLCHU NGHIA VIET NAM KHOA DIEN-DIEN TU DOC LAP - TY DO- HANH PHUC BQ MON DIEN TH CONG NGHIEP—Y SINH tio ‘Tp. HICM, ngy OF thang 04 nim 2018 NHIEM VU DO AN TOT NGHIEP Ho tén sink vién: Doan Trang Tin MSSV: 14141318 Chuyén nginh: | KY thagt Bign tireTrayén thong MA nganh 141 He dio to: Dai hoe chink quy Mahé: 14 Khoa: 2014 Lép: 1414 DTIC 1TEN DE TAL GIAM SAT DIEN NANG QUA INTERNET IL NHIEM VU 1. Nhigm vu: Xay dimg md hinh giim sat dign ning cae thiét bj dign tir xa dya vio module wifi esp8266 128 trén nén tang Lo, Tit 6 phat ttién cao hon, dura bo digu khién dp dying vao thy té. 2. NOi dung thye hign: - Tim hiéu vé cong nghé két ndi foT, = Cae chun truyén thong 2C, UART ~ Lap trinh giao tiép voi module PZEM004T dé do cae thong s6 dién nang. - Lap trinh cho module wifi ESP8266 12E trén Arduino IDE, evi di Web, = Uhg dung 1oT digu khign, giém sit tir xa. - Kétndi mach phan cing giita module PZEMO04T, ESP8266, LCD. - Thiétké va thi cing mé hinh thiét bi hoa thigh. ~ ‘Chay thir nghiém va can chinh hé thong, 3. Phuong phip nghién era Tim hidu tham khao cae tai Higu 6 Hén quan vé hai mang chinh ctia dé wai: Céw inte mach va img dung cia esp8266. Phuong phdp thye nghiém kiém chimg: Sau Khi di xdy dimg xong eo so ly thuyét cia dé 38 tién hnh thir ng gm sir hoat déng trén ede thidt bi hign 4.Cac bude tién hanh nghién cirw 1a ti ciru, tiem hanh thiét ké chuong trinh diéu khién va mach dieu KI sau d6 thir nghigm trén md hinh dé dura ra két ludn, 4. Pham vi nghién ciru Dé tai ny nghién ciru thiét ké dng hd do dign nang két hop véi vige thu thip dir ligu va guri len img dung diéu khién tir xa Cayenne trén nén IoT. 5. Pham vi tng dung Dé tai Li mo hinh thu nh, tuy ohign n6 sé duge img dung rong rai trong cic mdi truéng khde nhau nhw cic doanh nghigp vira va ho, nha xuéng, trang trai, ho gia dinh, IIE. Ngiy giao nhigm vy: 01/04/2018 IV, Nay hodn thank nhigm vy: 01/07/2018 V. Ho va tén cd bd hung din: THS. TRUONG NGOC ANH CAN BO HUONG DAN BM. DIEN TU CONG NGHIEP-Y SINH (Ho tén va chir ky) (Ho tén va chr ky)TRUONG DH SPKT TP, HO CHI MINH CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHIA VIET NAM KHOA DIEN-DIEN TU DOC LAP- TY DO - HANH PHUC HO MON DIEN TU CONG NGHIEP —Y SINE olla ‘Tp. HCM, ngay 01 thing 04 nim 2018 LICH TRINH THY HIEN DO AN TOT NGHIEP Ho tén sinh vién ; Doin Trung Tin Lop: M414 1DTIC MSSY: 14141318 ‘Ten dé tai; GIAM SAT DIEN NANG QUA INTERNET. midniieao| Nevis Xée nian ng hen, sy “ GVHD Tuan 2 | Dang ki dé tai, nhiin nhigm vu do dn, Tuin3 | Phie thao dé an, Tuan 4 Tim higu vé cong nghé |OT, Tuan 5 Gino tiép vai cic module thie hign do dign nang. ; Tim higu cach thire giao tiép cua module wift Tuin 6 NodeMCU ESP8266. F Giao tip vai module wilt NodeMCU ESPS266 git Tuan 7 — dir ligu lén Cloud qua Internet. ‘ Mo rong ¥ trong gidm sit dién nding hai thict bi Tulin te cing hie qua Internet. Tulin 9, 10 | Tim hidu cach thie clip nhjt va lum Tai cae wid tr} dign ning do duge tgi bit ki thi diém. Twin 11 | Thigt ké, Iya chon eae link kign xy dimg phin cumg. Kéin6i phan cumg voi phn mem. Kicin tra, can Tuan 12, 13 ; chinh hé théng thiét bi. Tudn 14 | Thigt KE va Kip dat mo hinh thiét bj. . Dieu chinh eae chuong trinh, giao dien gidm sat, tien Tuan 15-17) 4 . hanh mé phong. Viét bio cio ludn vin. GV HUONG DAN (Ky va ghi 1 hg va tén)LOI CAM DOAN Nhimg ndi dung trinh bay trong lugn van ki nhimg kien there cua cé nhan em tich ly trong qua trinh hoc tp, nghié ciru, khéng sao chép Iai mét cing trinh nghién cire hay luan vain cia bat eit tac gia ndo khée. Trong noi dung cita luan yan, nhimg phan em nghién ciru, trich dan déu duge néu trong phan cae tai ligu tham khao, cd nguon goc, xuat xt, tén tuoi cia cae tae gid, nha xudt ban rd rang Nhiing diéu em cam ket hoan toan Ja sy that, néu sai, em xin chju moi hinh thite xir ly ky ludt theo quy dinh, Nguoi thye hign 2 tai Doan Trung TinLOI CAM ON sng, cing vGi nhimg gidy phit thanh cong, mdi ca Trong eu qua nhiing giai dogn khé khiin va mat djnh hudmg. Trong khosing thai gian dé, song hinh vai sur no lyre vt ban linh cima ed nhan, sit giup dé chan thinh cua nhimg ngudi than vi ban bé xung quanh déng mot vai tro rat quan trong dé mét con ngwéi co thé trer lai va bude tiép vot qua nghich anh, Sudt bon nam hoe vila qua, cing vai sy rnd lye va hoe hoi cia ban thin, em cing nhin duge sy gitip do tir rit nhiéu ph , dé hom nay c6 the hoan thinh quyén ludn van nay vai két thie mét hinh trink ding nhé, bat diu mét chuyén phiéu luu mdi day thir thach nhung cing nhiéw thé vi trong su nghiép tirong lai. Trude hét, em xin giri lai cm on siu sic dén nguéi Thay kinh mén - Thay Truong Ngoc Anh - Giang vién b} mén Bign Tir Cong Nehigp ~ Y Sinh, di gép y va hudng din em trong suét thoi gian thye hign dé tai nay tir lac biit du nhiin dé an. Em xin cam on eac quy Thay C6 da ging day em, dac biét 1a cic Thay Cé giéo khoa Dign — Bign ti. Cuéi cing, em efing xin giri léi eam on chin thinh ti gia dink, nhiing ngudi ludn theo doi, hd try vé cé vat chat va tinh thin, la nhimg ngwoi da dong vién, tiép thém dong luc va hé tre gitip em trong nhimg hic khé khan, Nhung vi théi gian va kién thite cing nhu kinh nghiém eon han ché ahiéu nén khong thé trinh khéi nhimg sai s6t trong qué trinh thye hign dé an. Kinh mong duge su thing cam va gop y cia quy Thay C6 dé giip cho dd din duge thinh céng t6t hon nita. Neuéi thure hign dé tai Doin Trung TinMUC LUC Dah Mye Che Ti VEE TA ac aentenntnmnnnnn Ligt Ké Hinh Anh Ligt Ké Bang, ‘Tom Tit 6 Chuong 1. Téng Quan 7 Li Dit Vin Bé.... 12 Mye “ 13 Noi Dung Nghién Cin. 0 LS Bo Cue. Chuong 2. Co So Ly Thuyét ce cneensntvnnnetneenn nen 2.1 Tim Quan Trong Cua Quan Ly Va Gidm Sat Nang Lurgng. 2.2 GiGi Thigu Mor S6 HG Thing 2.2.1 H@ Thing Gitim Sit Va Quin Lj Nang Lugng TirXa Qua Séng VO Tuyén Rf. 2, Hé Thong Gitim Sat Va Quan Ly Ning Lugng Tir Xa Qua B6 Truyén Tai Tin Higu Thong ‘Qua uring Day IgM enn idm Sat Va Quin Ly Nang Lugng Tir Xa Trong Thye TE... 10 10 2.3 Céing Nehg lo 3 23.1 Giao Thine Kée Néi 4 23.2 Giao Thitc Truyén Tai Dit Ligu...... Is 24 Clic Chuin Truyén Dt Litu ... 16 241 Gino Tidp tao... 16 a 242 Gino Tip Uae. 25 — Gidi Thigu Phin Cimg.. B 2.5.1 Module Nodemeu Esp8266 Wifi V1.0. B 25.2 Module PeemO0HE sss snnn 29 253° Min Hinh Led 20.4... 33 25.4 — Module Chuyén Bdi Giao Tigp Ie... et) 2.5.5 Mach Chuyén Déi Mire Dign Thé 4 Kénh 36 2.5.6 Module Nguén Chuyén Déi Ae- De... 7 3.1 Gidi Thigu, 39 3.2 Tinh Toan Vai Thiét KE Hg Thine... 39 3.2.2 Thié Ké So D4 Khdi HE Thing. 40 3.2.3 So Dd Nguyén Ly Cin Toin Mech... “4324 SoBe Thidt KE MO AD GiGi ThIRU ener AT 42 Thi Cong HE Thing... "7 42.1 Thi Cong Bo Mach... a 4.2.2 Lip Rip Vi Kiém Tra... va 9 4.3 Dong Gai Va Thi Cong MB 50 43.1 Dong Géi BG Didu Khiéa.... 50 43.2 Thi COng MO Minh cosnsnnnnninnnnnini sens SD 44 Lap Trinh HG Thing... cco sain satis 53 44.1 Law} Gidi Thug ‘i 3 44.2 Phin Mém L§p Trinh Cho Vi Digu Khién 3 44.3 Thiét Ké Giao Dign Trén Cayenne Cloud 4,5 Vidt Tai Ligu Husg Din Sir Dung Thao Tac. 45.1 Viét Tai Kigu Husmg Din Dir Dung . 45.2 QuyTrinh Thao Téc..... ” 6.1 Két Luin ” 6.2 Mudng Phit Trién. ” ‘Tai Ligu Tham Khao... 80 Phi LuCe sone att in sinceraANH MUC CAC TU VIET TAT PLC - Power Line Communication: truyén théng trén durong day dign loT - Intemet of Things MOTT - Message Queue Telemetry Transport CoAP - Constrained Applications Protocol AMOQP - Advanced Message Queue Protocol DDS - Data Distribution Service VO - Constrast Volta; MCU - vi diéu khien QoS - Quality of Service 12C - Inter-Intergrated Circuit Trang 2LIET KE HINH ANH Hinh 2.1 Giao thite truyén eta MQTT. Hinh 2,2. Bus 12C va cic thiét bj ngoai vi 2s Hinh 2.3 Két noi thiét bj vio bus 12C @ ché d6 chuan (Standard mode) .. 17 Hinh 2,4 Qua trinh truyén nhan giira thiét bj chi (master) va te (slave). 18 Hinh 2,5 Trinh ty truyen bit tren duéng truyen Hinh 2. 6 Biéu kign dé giao tiép 12C...... Hinh 2. 7 Qua trinh truyén di ligu 12C... Hinh 2,8 Kétndi UART giira hai vi digu khic Hinh 2,9 Qua trinh truyen dir ligu UART.. Hinh 2. 10 So dé két Hinh 2. 11 Anh ESP8266-12 thy t8 va sordé chan. Hinh 2. 12. Module Node MCU ESP8266 va so dé chan... Hinh 2, 13 Mach nguyén ly ciia NodeMCU ESP8266 .... Hinh 2. 14 Hinh anh thyc t module PZEMOOAT.... Hinh 2. 15 So dé két ndi diy cha module PZEMO04T.... Hinh 2. 16 So dé chin LCD 20x4.... toan mach... Hinh 2,17 Hinh anh thye t@ module chuyén €6i 12C Hinh 2. 18 Mach nguyén ly module chuyén déi gino tiép 12C........ Hinh 2.19 Hinh anh thyc té module chuyén di tin higud kénh .... Hinh 2.20 Anh thye té cia moule nguén Hi-Link $V 3W...... Hinh 3.1 So odin hé thang ... Hinh 3.2 So dé két néi mach gitra PZEMO04T va NodeMCU ESP8266.41 Hinh 3.3 So dé két néi mach gitta NodeMCU ESP8266 va LCD... Hinh 3. 4 Phuong thie trayén va nhan dit ligu cla MQTT.. Hinh 3.5 So dé nguyén ly ciia toan mach .. Hinh 3.6 M6 hinh thiét bi Hin 4.1 So dé bé tri cdc linh kign Hinh 4.2 So do mach in PCB. Trang 2Hinh 4.3 Déng géi b6 diéu khién ttrén ben trong Op Hinh 4,4 Beng goi ciie module edn Iai vao Mat didi HOP... Hinh 4. 5 Mat truge mo hinh thiét bj. Hinh 4. 6 Mat dudi bén ngoai mé hinh thide bj. Hinh 4.7 Luu dé giai thugt toan hé thing . Hinh 4.8 Truy cap vao Arduino IDE..... Hinh 4,9 Tai phan mém Arduino IDE vé may.. Hinh 4, 10 Giai nén phiin mém Arduino IDE Hinh 4. 11 Cai dit phin mém Arduino IDE Hinh 4. 12 Bude | cai dat Driver Hinh 4. 13 Bude 2 cai dat Driver Hinh 4, 14 Bude 3 cai dit Driver Hinh 4. 18 Bud 4 cai dat Driver Hinh 4.16 Budc 1 cai dit ESP8266 trén Arduino IDE... Hinh 4. 17 Bude 2 cai djt ESP8266 trén Arduino IDE Hinh 4. 18 Bude 3 cai djt ESP8266 trén Arduino IDE Hinh 4, 19 Budc 4 cai dat ESP8266 trén Arduino IDE Hinh 4. 20 Buéc 5 cai dit ESP8266 trén Arduino IDE Hinh 4. 21 Tao tai khoan trén Cayenne... Hinh 4.22 Thiét lap img dung tren Cayenne Hinh 4. 23 Cau hinh Cayenne cho dir cn giém Hinh 4, 24 Thiét lip cae gid trj cho kénh gidm sat .. Hinh 4. 25 Giri dit ligu bing MQTT t6i Cayenne. Hinh 4,26 Cap nhat thai gian giam sat div ligu .... Hinh 4,27 Quy trinh thao tae sir dung thiét bi Trang 3hoan thanh Hinh 5, 2. Két qua gidm sat dign nang hai thiét bj dign qua internet. Hinh 5.3. Luu va-cap nhgt dign nan; Hinh 5,4 Bing tinh excell tai vé tir Cayenne Trang 4LIET KE BANG Bang 2.1 Bang so sinh céc thang sé ESP-0) dén ESP-14.... Bang 2.2 Thong s0 edu hink eta NodeMCU ESP8266 .. Bing 2.3 Bang cic gino thite giao tiép cua module PZEMOOST.. Bang 2.4 Thong s6 ky thudt-ctia PZEMOO4T. Bang 2.5 Chire ning cic chin trén LCD 20x4. Bang 2.6 Két ndi gitra module giao tiép 12C voi MCU .. Bing 2.7 Thong so ky thudt cua module chuyén doi giao tiép 12C. Bang 2.8 Thong so ky thudt cla module chu: Bang 2.9 Thong sé kf thudt cua moule ngudn Hi-Link 5V 3W.. Bang 3.1 Cac thang sé ngudon sir dung....... Bang 4.1 Danh sich inh kign str dyng trong hg thing... sh? Trang STOM TAT gia sat cing nhw mang, ede thong ip, ding dign, cdc chi tiéu chit lugng dign ning tir xa la rit can thiét cho cdc nha quan ly, cfc céng ty dign lye va cé nhdn. Mae dit da dat dén mot mire 46 thanh céng nhat dinh, tuy nhién cae hé thong quan ly va giém sat dign nding hign nay chi phi rat cao va han ché ve vige truy e@p tir xa, Ngoai ra, xu hirdng hign nay 1a sir dung ede thidt bj thong minh: dign thogi smart phone, may tinh bing ...d8 truy ep va gidm sit tirxa, Trong xu thé méi nay, hé thong hd tg vige quan ly, gidm sit vige do dign nang va cic théng s6 hé thing dign tir xa bang Internet la cdn thiét dé tim ra huong tign nghi va kinh t8 phuc vw eae nha quan ly, ede cong ty dign lee. Vai mong muén gidi quyét dirge phin nao nhimg khé khiin va tim ra mét hug di méi cho nganh dign Vigt Nam, em di bit tay vio nghién ettu va thye hign dé tai “Gidm sat dign nding qua intemet”. Trén co sé tim hiéu vé loT nhim gidm sat dign ning va cic thong s6 khde cua hé théng dign tir xa qua intemet, qua vie truy e@p vio trang web, ngudsi ding 6 thé gidm sit tir xa G-moi noi mgi lite. Biém ndi bat ctia A tai may 1a ed thé gidm sat dign nding déng thar hai hay nhigu thiét bj dign thang qua intemet, vi kiém soat thang qua vige do, hum trit cae théng sé dign lién tuc tai ede thai diém trong ngay. Trang 6Chirong ge Quan Chuong 1. TONG QUAN Li DAT VAN DE Céng nghé Intemet of Things (OT) néi chung va cng nghé cam bién khéng diy (Wireless Sensor) ndi riéng duge tich hap tir ede kY thugt dign tr, tin hoc va vidn thong tién tién vao trong mye dich nghign cttu, giai tri, sin xuat, kinh doanh, v.v..., pham vi my ngay cing duge mé rng, dé tao ra eéc tmg dung dap tig cho cde nhu clu trén cdc Hinh vwe khée nhau. Hign nay, mie di khai nigm IOT va eéng nghé cam bién khong day da tro ném kha quen thude va duge img dung nhigu trong ede linh vue ctia di séng con ngudi, die bigt 6 cdc nde phat trién e6 nén khoa hoe cong nghé tién tién. Tuy nhign, nhiing cong nghé nay chira durge ip dung mOt cdch rong ri 6 nude ta, do nhiing diéu n ve ky thuat, kinh té, nhu cau sir dung. Song né van hia hen 1a mot dich dén tiéu biéu cho ce nha nghién ctfu, cho nhitng mue dich phat trign diy tiém nang. Duge sy dinh hudng va chi din otia Thae si Truong Ngoc Anh em di chon dé tai luan an “Gidm sat dign ning qua intemet™. Trén co sé tim hiu vé loT nhim gidm sat dign ning va cée théng s6 khéc cia hé théng dign tie xa qua internet, 46 efing ld mt nhu cu c6 that va dang ting cao trong théi gian gin day. Dic bigt 1A sau nhitng dot gid dign ting, nhiéu nha may da tiét kigm uu qua sau khi c6 két qua theo dai. V nang. i quan sat dign nang tir xa, ching ta c6 thé nhin thay cc théng sé ctia hé théng dign nhur dign dp, dong dign, tin sd, cng suit, hé s6 cong suit, cla nha may hodic cde bO phan bat cit lic nado ma ta khong edn phai cé mat tai nha may, Ching ta e@ thé ding may vi tinh hode thiét bi di déng c6 hé tro duyét web 14 e6 thé quan sit duge cic thing s6 etia hg thong dign nha may cia minh, Hé thong quan IY dién nang gidp nha quan ly danh gid sw tiéu thy dign ning 48 thye hign tiét kigm chi phi va ning Luong. Luan din di khao sat cée phirong phap gidm sat dign ning dién hinh trade day thong qua internet nhir ding module sim két hop RS232 qua cong truyén thong RS485 theo phirong thire truyén thong Modbus RTU [2], tuy mhién thu té mang GSM s@ giip phai nhing kh6 khin nhur vige bj tré tin nhiin do nghén mang, ket mang hay nhiing noi cé séng GSM yéu va chi giim sat duge trén may tinh, Nhiig phuong phap khie nhw ding phan mém Acuview gidm sat dién nang théng qua déng hé do dign nang da nang Mutimeter ACUVIM [3] hode giim sit dign nang sir dung PLC $7-400 thong qua giao Trang 7Chuong 1. Tong Quan dign WINCC [4] déu cé gia thanh cao rit tén kém., Dé khite phyc eile nlirgc digm tren, dé tai: “Gidm sat dign nding qua internet” nghién ci vige giao tiép vi cde thiét bi din qua Intemet ding cong nghé lo, gép phiin hd tre cho céng tie gidm sit va quan ly dign nang tir xa, sit dung bd vi diéu khién két hop vai vide truyén dit ligu qua WIFI, giip do ghi dit ligu tie xa, ma khéng bj han ché khodng céeh trayén dir ligu. 12 MUC TIEU Két qua cudi cling cna dé tai Hi xdy dung mOt hé thing gidm sat dign ning tir xa do cic thong s6 vé-dign nang cua ngudn xoay chiéu cia mgch dign nhu dong dign, dign ap, tan sé, céng suat va niing rong tigu thy cia hai hay nhidu thiét bj dién, bing cach truy cp vao trang web, ngudi ding 66 thé gidm sat tirxa & moi noi moi lic. 1.3 NOI DUNG NGHIEN CUU Qué tinh thyre h n dd dn thong qua 9 nOi ding nghién eit sau: = Néi dung J; Vin hidu vi tham khio cée (ai ligu, gido trinh, nghién ciru céic ebel dé, cde ngi dung lidn quan dén dé tai, ~ Néi dung 2: Lap trinh giao tigp voi module PZEM004T dé do cae thong $6 dign ning. - Néi dung 3: Viét chtrong trith cho ESP8266 guii dif ligu len Web: ~ Néi dung 4: Két ndi mach phin etmg gitta PZEMO04T, ESP8266, LCD, ~ Noi dung 5: Thidt ké va thi céng m6 hinh thiét bj hoan thign. = Néi dung 6; Xay dymg giao dign web gidm sat thiét bj = Néi dung 7: Chay thir nghiém va cin chinth hé thing. ~ Néi dung &: Viet quy€n bao cao 46 dn tt nghiép - Néi ding 9: Bio eo 46 an tor nghigp, 1.4 GIOLHAN iam sat ign nding qua intemet thi cde gidi han bao gom: M6 hinh thi céng c6 kich thuée: 25%17,7cm. 6 thé gidm sat: dng thai hai © Thai gian dn dinh cha thiet bj: sau vai phiit hoat dOng thiet bj s do chinh xde hon, Ls BOCUC Voi dé tai gidm sit dign ning qua internet thi BS cye d& an nhur sau: Chong t: Tang Quan Trang 8Chuong 1. Tong Quan Churong nily trinh bay dat vin d& din nhgp ly do chon 4 6 va ba cue dé an. > Churong 2: Co S@ Ly Thuyét i mye tide, ndi dung nghién céru, ede gidi han thong Chuong nay trinh bay cde IY thuyét e6 lién quan dén eéc viin a8 ma dé 18% x8 ding 8 the high thiét ké, thi cong cho dé tai. %& Chirag 3: Thiet Ké va Tinh Toan Chuong nay gidi thigu tang quan vé cée yeu edu ela dé tai vé thiét ké va eae tink tod Lién quan dén dé tai Chiron 4 hi cong hg thing Chung ny c6 thé gém két qué thi cng pliin cinig wa nhiniy két qua hinh dnb tren mai hinh hay m6 phong tin higu, ket qua thong ké, > Chirong 5: KA qua, nhin xét, diinh gid Chyong nay dua ra nhdn xét va danh gia sin pham m6 hinh di hoan thanh. + Chwong 6: Ka Ludi va Huréng Phat Trién, Chuong nay trinh bay ngdn gon nhimg Két qua dai thu dite dyta vio nhitig phuong phap, thuat toan da kién nghi ban dau. Trang 9Chirong 2. Co Sé Ly Thuyét Chwong 2. CO SO LY THUYET 2.1 TAM QUAN TRONG CUA QUAN LY VA GEAM SAT NANG LUQNG Quan 1 vi gdm sat nding lung Hi chia khoa dé tiét kigm nang Ingng trong edie W chite thirong mai, céng nghiép va chinh phi trong nhiing nim gin day dang phai chi nhiing ap Ive to lén vé kinh té va mdi trudmg. Giim sit va quan IY ning lueng gidp giam su/phu thude vio nhién Higu héa thach dang ngay cing tro nén can kiét. Khi tig thu mhiéu ni g lnmg, doanh nghigp cing nhu cic hd gia dinh st phii di mit véi tinh trang thiéu ngudn cung cp nghiém trong kém theo nguy eo ting gid ning lwong din dén anh hucéng {4i loi nhugn cua tb chite, bing vige quan ly ning lugng doanh aghigp va eae hd gia dink c6 thé giam nguy co nay bing cach kiém soat mhu cau ning luong, tit kigm dién trén diy chuyén sin xudt time bude ting higu qua viée diu ur vao gia thani-cho sin phim. Loi ich dem lai khi sit dung he théng gid sit va quan 1y nding long: = Giim thai gian chi phi nhiin céng dé ghi igi dir ligu tir ede déing hé do, nhap vo file excell bo cio méi thing. ~ Gidm dug sai s6t trong qué trinh thu thip dif ligu bing tay. ~ Kiém soit dit ligu dién ning lién tue 24 gid tai bat ki tram Lim viée nao. - Giam thi jan xir |y) sure do dit ligu duge thu thap day da, cd ghi lai dang song ciia ngudn dién khi sy c6 xaty ra. Day li mot trang nhimg dé tai dang duge tim hiéu va nghién cou rat nhiéu dé dita ra phap gitip nganh dién Vict nam giai quyét dure nhimg kho khin néu trén, 2.2 GIGL THIEU MOT SO HE THONG GIAM SAT VA QUAN LY NANG LUQNG TW XA TRONG THYC TE 2.2.1 Hé thing gidm sat va quan ly nang luong tir xa qua sang vo tuyén RF Hé théng doe chi sé c6ng to tit xa bing séng vO tuyén RF bao gém cae khéi chire nang sau: = Céng to digo weed tich hgp tinh nang the phat Un higu vo tuyén RF Lip i ede ho khiich hang sit dung |. c6 chire ning do dém, liu tri ning lung vio b9 nhé khOng, day va truyén vé'bd the thap tin higu di déag Khi nhigin dine Kab, Trang 10,Chirong 2. Co Sé Ly Thuyét - B6 thu thap tin higu di dong (Handheld Unit) bao gom: may tinh cam tay (Handheld Unit) duvge tich hop module thu phét tin higu vO myén RF bén trong, vei chuomg trinh thu thip sé do Céng ty ty phat trién, Trén may tinh cim tay sé gitip ngudi ghi ra Iénh doe chi s6 eng ter trong pham vi phi séng dya vao danh sach va s6 liga khach hing sir dung dign duge tao ra tit eo sé dit ligu kinh oan dign ming, Toan bo dir ligu ghi duge sé duge ghép ndi vao co ser di ligu kinh doanh dign nang mot edch ty dong ma khéng edn phai thn nhiéu thao tie thi cong nbur trsde daly. Giai phép nity cd cic uw dim - Khong phu thuée vao khoang cfich, khéng phy thude vio vi tri diém dau, diém cudi khi c6 syrthay doi ve vj tri kip dat cong to, hay vi tri trang tam thi khong bj thay doi vé thidt bi. + Thiét bj modem gon nhe, théng dung, dé-dang lip kém vedi céng ta. Ong khong yéu clu ~ Cirée phi tinh theo liu lueng (KB) thap, rat phii hgp ve Iruyén theo thei gian thye. Niuege diém: Do str dung dutng truyén khong day, truyén qua mang di dOng, nén tin higu cd thé bi dinh hudng khi thoi tiét xdu, do dé can cin nhie chon dich va cha nha cung cp mang cd mat db phi song rong, chat Luong tin higu tot, 2.2.2 Hé thing gidm sit va quan ly ning lung tir xa qua b@ truyén tai tin higu thing qua during diy dign. Hé thong do dém cong tor tir xa truyén qua dudng day dign ColfectricTM 1a hé thong do rong dign ning tiga thy theo thii gian thyc. Véi hé thang nily, khéng cin ei nhin di ghi chi sd cong te tai cde HG gia dinh, Hé thong Collectric gom 5 thiét bj co bain sau: ©RTU: 14 thiét bi déu cudi mot chiéu duge lip dat bén wrong hoge bén ngoai cde cing to & vj tri thufin tign. RTU 8 dém vong quay cia dia, bién than tin higu dign, digw cché tin higu, trayén sé ligu 4a thu duge va cde théng tin khée vé thidt bj t@p trung. © TRPU: la thiét bj dit cudi hai chigu, nd vira cé tinh nding céia mt RTU vira cd chite nang thing tin hai ehigu bao gém iénh quan IY bang théi gian st dung dé tinh cde mite gia khae nhau tai thiet bj tp tung, TRPU con co the truyén thong tin sip xep theo Trang 14Chirong 2. Co Sé Ly Thuyét bang chi cai hay chit sé nhan duce tir thiét bj tap trung tei khach ling, né con c6 thé ip tin higu nhur m6 b6 lap, néu co Kip dat thm b6 dicu khign tai nd-co- the ty dong dong eat tél theo Kenh tir trung tm. CONCENTRATOR: [a thiét bj tip trung lip d§t trén lndi dign hg thé img vei mot tram. Thiét bi néy c6 thé thu thap va xir ly dir ligu cho 1250 céng to. Dir ligu tit cae thiet bi dau cudi durge tap trung tai b6 trang tam va durge truyen ve miy tinh trung tim qua cic cach khie nbau. Thiét bi tap ining cing ¢6 thé truyén Ienh quan Ly va edie chi thi khie 16 cae thiét bj diu cudi hai chigw. «MICROTERMINAL: la thiét bj thu thip dir ligu cim tay la edu néi g tap trang voi may tinh tung tim, n6é ohan dit ligu tir bd trung tam va truyen ve may tinh trung tim. Né edn dure ding dé lap trinh cho cde thiét bi tap trang, RTU, TRPU, va doe cde 36 ligu tit ede thiét bj nay dé dura vio may tinh, MAIN COMPUTER: clita eae phan mém can thidt cho qué trinh van hanh he théng Colletric. Né thu rihgn dir ligu tir eée bd trung tm dé sir dying cho ede myc dieh iia ngdinh dign Ki thudt truydn thong: ste dying cong nghé PLC truyén thong tit théng qua li dign ha thé (tir tram bién dp dén cae hd gia dinh), Tai cae tram bin dp (vdn cd nhigm vu chuyén ede dong dign cao thé thank hy the va dua dén h6 tiéy ding), mot modem te do cao HE (HeadEnd) sé néi gitra duémg ha thé va hé théng cép quang truyén thong backbone. Nhigm vy cia modem HE ta di hé cae tin higu triyén thang eda cap quang thanth tin higu théng tin c6 tin s6 1,6 ~ 80 Mhz ( Thy van timg hing ma. sie dung nhimg day tin s6 khée nhay) dé truyén vao ludi dign ha thé va nguge lai, Cac tin higu thong tin sau khi digu ché sé duge triyén di song song vdi tin higu dign trén ludi dign hg thé dén cde toa nha. Tai day, mt modem PLC (CPE kip dat tai gia dinh) sé whan cée tin higu thong tin, giai digu ché, tai tao lai tin higu théng tin ban dau dé c6 thé str dung Internet hode ding dign thoai, fa tin higu thang tin da digu ol Un diém: Moderm PLC ciing co thé dio nguge qua trinh nay dé gir cie én modem HE. ~ Mang liéi dign co mat o hau khiip mgi noi, Trang 12Chirong 2. Co Sé Ly Thuyét ~ Mang dign ha thé e6 the durgc diing dé thiet Jap mét co so ha ting mang san c6 cho hang wigu khach hang, doanh nghigp rigng bigt wen ton thé gidi, 66. duong dan wi tan cae 6 cdm dign phue vy cho ca thiét bj gia dinh va thiét bj dign cdng nghigp. ~ PLC 6 thé cung edp kha nang tray cap tic dé can, toc dé truyén thing da dat téi hanh trim Mb/s. ~ Mang Ludi duréng day dign da duge xdy dung nén c6 Igi thé v8 chi phi dau wee ban, cor sorhg tng dudng day dién da c6 sin, nén n6e6 thé cho phép cant tranh voi gid ré hom cée ky thudt tray cp vién théng ndi ving khée (thudmg yéu cau von dau tr co ban kin). Nhuge diém: Dutmg diy truyén tai dign khong phai durge thiét ké dé dinh cho truyén dit ligu, do 6 6 rit nhigu van dé cin duge khiie phye. Céng suai nbigu ten dudng dy dign Hye la tp hop tat ¢@ cic ngudn nbiéu khic nhau thiim nhip vao during diy va vio may thu. Cie tai duge két ndi vao mang nhwr ti vi, may tinh, may hit byi... phat nhidu va lan truyén qua during diy dign; ede hé théng truyén thong khée cing c6 thé dira thém nhidu ao miy thu, Dudmg diy dign dire ra dai phye vy cho vige trayén, ning Iugng dign chit khong nhaim mye dich truyén théng tin, Khi dua théng tin trayén trén 46, ta sé gdp phai rit nhidu yeu td gay nbiéu cho tin higu. Tuy nhién, ching ta dang séng trong thoi dai ca ky thudt s6, sy phd bién cua internet va céc thiét bj di dng théng minh da tgo nén khai nigm mdi La foT (Internet of Things ~ internet vgn vat), do dé van dé img dung cdc thinh tyru nay vio vige gidm sit va khién moi thir mot each dé ding da dirge ap dung vao thyc té trong eude sng. 2.3 CONG NGHE 10T La mang Inéi van vit két néi Internet viét tt la 1oT Ia nén tang e6ng nghé mai eta thé gidi, khi ma méi 46 vat, con ngudi duge cung cip mot dinh danh cita ring minh, va tat ca c6 kha nding truyén tai, trao Adi thong tin, dir ligu qua mot mang duly nhat ma khong edn dén sy twong tic trye tigp gita ngwéi voi nguei, hay ngwdi voi may tinh, 1oT da phat irién tir sy hoi ty cia cOng nghé khong dily, cng nghé vi co dign tir va Iiteret, Noi don 8 bén ngoai dé thie hign mét céng viée mio dé, Hay hiéu mot cach don gian loT 1a tat ca 1 Hi mét tp hop cde thiét bi co kha nang két néi voi nhaw, véi Internet va vei thé gigi Trang 13Churong 2. Co S@ LY Thuyét cfc thiet bj ¢6 thé két ndi voi mhau, Vige két ndi thi c6 thé the hign qua Wi-Fi, mang vidn thong bing rong (3G, 4G), Bluetooth, ZigBee, hing ngoai... Cae thiét bj ¢6 thé ka dign thogi théng minh, may pha cafe, may gift, tai nghe, bong dén, va nhiéu thiét bj khdc Ciseo, nha cung edp gi thiét bi mang hang dau hign nay dy bao: dén nam 2020, sé co khoang 50 ty d@ vat két noi vao Intemet, tham chi con sé nay e6n gia ting nhi hon nira, loT sé 1a mang khong 16 két ndi tat ea moi thi, bao gdm ea con ngudi ya sé ton igi edie mii quan hé gitta ngudi va ngudsi, ngudsi va thigt bj, thiét bj va thiét bj. Mot mang ludi foT c6 thé chira dén $0 dén 100 nghin ti déi tong durge két ndi va mang lied nity cé thé theo doi sy di chuyén cila timg ddi tugmg. Mot con ngudi séng trong thinh thi co thé bj bao boc xung quanh boi 1000 dén 5000 dai trong co kha ning theo déi. Vige Iya chon chuin giao (hire két ndi sao cho hgp ly 1a rat quan trong, tity thude vao ede ting dung vi cic yéu 16 nhur pham vi giao tigp, khdi lrgng dit ligu truyén, yéu clu tinh bao mat, nang hegng cho hé théng pin,...s€ quyét dinh Iya chon mét hodc nhieu phuong thire truyén théng phi hop. Sau day & mét s6 gino thire loT cho cdc ky sw phat trién tim higu va Iya chon, 2.3.1 Giao thite két ndi Wifi la giao thire chinh duge ting dung trong noi dung dé tai nay Wifi (14 viet tt tir Wireless Fidelity hay mang 802,11) la hé thong mang khong day sit dung séng v6 tuyén, cling gidng nhur dign thogi di dng, trayén hink va radio. Két néi té Wifi thudmg a sy liva chon hang dau cia rit nhigu kp str bai tinh théng dung va cia hg thong wifi va mang LAN voi md han, Cae séng v6 tuyén sir dung cho WiFi gan giéng véi céc séng v6 tuyén sit dung cho inh két ndi trong mot pham vi dia ly 6 thiét bj cm tay, dign thogi di déng va cée thiét bj khac. N6 cé thé chuyén va nhan song v6 tuyén, chuyén d6i céc ma nhj phan | va 0 sang séng v6 tuyén va nguge lai. Tuy nhién, séng WiFi cé mét 86 khac biét so vOi cde séng v6 tuyén khae & ch: ching truyén va phat tin higu 6 tan s6 2.4 GHz hoje $ GHz. Tan s6 nay cao hon so voi cde tn 86 str dung eho ign thogi di dng, cdc thiét bj chm tay va trayén hinh. Tin sé cao hon cho phép tin higu mang theo nhigu dit ligu hon. * Chuan: 802.11n Trang 14Chuong 2. Co So Ly Thuy ee * Day tan so hoat dng: 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands. # Khoang each: Sm © Toc dé-xir ly toi da: 600 Mbps Ngoii ra cn e6 cde giao thite khic nh Bluetooth, Zigbee, NEC, Sigfox, Neu, Thread, 6LoWPAN, Z-Wave, Cellular, duge sir dung trong mt sé tig dyng cua 1OT. 2.3.2. Giao thire truyén tai dir ligu Cé 5 giao thire truyén tai dif ligu phd bidn c6 thé duge sit dung trong cdc mé hinh lis MQTT, CoAP, AMQP vi DDS. MQTT 1a mt giao thie két ndi may véi may, mgt giao thie ma ngudn mé dé truyén cde messages giita nhiéu Client (Publisher va Subscriber) thang qua mét Broker trung gian, duroe thigt ké n va dé ding trién khai, Giao thire nay nhe dén mite nd ¢6 thé duge hd tre boi mot s6 thiét bj do lrong va gidm sat nh6 nhat va n6 6 the {n, di khi lin tye. Kign tric MQTT dya truyén dit ligu qua céic mang c6 kha ning tiép trén Broker trung gian va sir dung két néi TCP long-lived tir céie Client dén Broker. Trong mot hé théng sir dung giao thie MOTT, nhiéu node tram (goi Ki matt client - goi tit 1a client) két ndi téi mot MQTT server (goi Ki broker). Mi client s8 dang ky mét vai kénh (topic), vi dy nhu "/elient!/channel!", “Yelient! /channel2", Qué trinh dang ky niy goi li "subscribe". Mai client s& nhin durge dit figu khi va kénh dis dit ky tram nao khic giri dir ligu "publish" ig ky. Khi mt client giri dir ligu ti kénh d6, goi © suascrise @ ——}, © SuBACK @ aren © PUBLISH @ aa -_ MOTT Client MQTT Broker Hinh 2.1 Giao thite truyén ctia MQTT Trang 15Chirong 2. Co Sé Ly Thuyét MOTT thi nhe nhing hon va whanh, Né mat va qua trinh két ni ed thé gir wang thii xuyén sudt, Ulu diém La giao tigp st mit it do it it bytes cho vige ki i Voi server ligu va thé gian hon HTTP protocol, nén cé thé duge str dung cho truyén thing 2-chiéu thong qua cae mang c6 dé tré cao va 6 tin cy thip, nd cing tuong thich vei cae thiét bj tiéu thy, Vi vay MQTT phi hop dé chon lam giao thire tuyén thong chinh trong d¢ tai "Giam sat dign nang qua intemet " 2.4 CAC CHUAN TRUY! 2.4.1 Giao tiép 2C 2. A Gigi thigu Dau nam 1980 Phi ips di phat trién mot chuiin giao tiép nbi tiep 2 diy durge goi li 12. Day kt during Bus gino tip gitta ede IC véi nhau. I2C m&c di durge phat trién bei Philips, nhung né da diroe rat nhidu nha sin xudt (C wén thé g sit dung, 12C ter than mot chudn céng nghiép cho ede giao tiép digu khién, Bus 12C duge sir dung Lim bus giao tiép ngoai vi cho rat nhiéu loai IC khae nhau niu cae loai Vi diéu khién 8051, PIC, AVR, ARM... chip nhé nh: RAM tinh (Static Ram), EEPROM, b6 chuyén déi trong tyr sé (ADC), sé tung ty(DAC), IC diéu khién LCD, LED... Tr” Slave 1 Slave 2 Hiiih 2. 2 Bus 12C va cdc thiét bj ngoai vi Trang 16Chirang 2. Co Sé LY Thuyét 2 Die diém giao tiép AC MOt giao tip 12C gm ¢6 2 day: Serial Data (SDA) va Serial Clock (SCL). SDA la dung truyén di figu 2 hudmg, cdn SCL 1a during truyén xung dong hd dé ding b6 va chi theo mt hudng. Nw ta thiy trén hinh vé trén, khi mot thiét bj ngoai vi két noi vio dung bus I2C thi chin SDA cia né sé ndi véi diy SDA ciia bus, chan SCL sé ndi véi diy SCL. Device T Tievice 2 Hinh 2.3 Két ndi thiét bj vito bus 12C 4 ché dé chuin (Standard mode) va che d6 nhanh (Fast mode) Mai diy SDA bily SCL déu durge néi vi ap dong cia ngudn cép thong qua mot dign tro kéo lén (pullup resistor) vi chin giao tiép I2C cua cée thiét bi ngoai vi thudng ki dang eye mang hé (opendrain hay opencollector). Gid tr] cita eae dign tre nay khic nhau tay vao timg thiét bj va chudn giao tip, thudmg dao dOng trong khong 1K én 4.7k. Xem hinh 2.3, ta thiy ¢6 rat nhiéu thiét bj (ICs) cling duge két ndi vio mot bus 12C, mdi thiét bj sé duee nhiin ra boi mot dia chi duy nhét voi mot quan hé ehiv/té tn tai trong sudt thei gian két ndi. MGi t ligu hay c6 thé vita truyén vita nhan. Hoat déng truyén hay nhiin con ty thude vio viée bi c6 thé hogt dng nhw la thiét bj nh hoje trayén dir thiét bi 6 ld chi (imaster) hay 6 (slave). Mot thidt ay mot IC khi két néi véi bus I2C, ngoai mot dia chi (duy nhity dé phan biét, né con dugc cau hinh 1a thiét bi cha hay t6, Khi gitta hai thiét bj chi-tw giao Trang 17Chirong 2. Co Sé Ly Thuyét tiep thi thiét bi chu c6 nhigm vu tao xung dang hd cho toan hé thong va quan ly dia chi cha thigt bj t6 trong sudt qua trinh giao tigp. Thiet bj cha gitt vai tro chu dong, con thiet bj 16 gitt vai trd bj dgng trong vige giao tiép. Master SDA Slave Master SDA Slave a — Transmitter —+ —* scl scl Hinh 2, 4. Qua trink truyén nhn giita thiét bj chia (master) va t6 (slave) Theo nhu hinh 2.4 ta thay xung déng ho chi cé mot hudng tir chu dén ta, cdn Luang di ligu 66 thé di theo hai hiréng, tir chi dén t6 hay ngerge lai te dén chu. 24.1.3 Ché d9 hogt dong (tic 6 truyén): Cac bus 12C 66 thé hoat déng é ba ché dé khie nhaut é d6 tigu chudn (Standard mode), © Ché d6 nhanh (Fast mode), ® Ché d6 cao toe High-Speed (Hs) mode. 6 tiéu ehuan: ~ Day lché dé tidy chudin ban du duge phat hdnh vao dau nbiing nim 80. ~ Nb 66 tc db dit lid ti da 100kbps. ehi, 112 dia chi t6. ~ No sir dung 7-bit + Tang ciring hode che 6 whanh: ~TSe di dir liga ti da duge ting 1én dén 400 kbps. ~ Dé ngin chit gai tiéng Gn, Ngo vao ciia thiét bj Fast-mode la Schmitt-triggered, = Chan SCL va SDA cit m6t thiet bj t6 I2C 6 trang thai tré khang cao khi khong cap nguén. + Ché dé cuo téc (High-Speeit): Ché do nay di duge tao ta cha yéu dé ting téc d6 dit Ligu Ién dén 36 an Ahanh hon so vei ehé dé tiéu chudin. No cung cap 1,7 Mbps (vei Cb = 400 pF), va 3.4Mbps (voi C> b= 100pF). MOt bus 12C c6 thé ogt dong érmhiéu ché dé khde nhau: © Mot chit mét té (one master - one slave) Trang 18,* M6t chu nhieu té (one master - multi-slave) Nhicu chi: nhigu tor (Multi master - Multi slave) Dit 6 ché d6 nao, mOt giao tiép 12C déu dua vio quan hé chit, Gia thiét mot thiét bj A mudn giti dir ligu dén thiét bj B, qui trinh duge thye bign nhur sau: # Thiét bj A (Chi) xde djnh ding dja chi cua thiét bj B (44), cing véi vige xc dinh dja chi, thiét bj A s& quyét dinh vige dgc hay ghi vao thiét bj té, © Thidt bj A giti dir ligu t6i thiét bj B. @ Thiet bi A két thac qué trinh truyén dit ligu. Khi A muda nhiin dir figu tir B, qué trink dign ra nhu trén, chi khac la A sé niin dtr ligu tir B, Trong giao tiép nay, A la cha cdn B vin 14 t6. Chi tiét vide thiét Ip mbt giao tip gitin hai thiét bj s® durge mé ta chi tit dudi day. ‘Trinh ty truyén bit trén dudng truyén: Hinh 2.5 Trinh ty truyén bit trén dudng truyén - Buée |: Thiet bj cha tao mét digu kign start, Diéu kign nay théng bao cho tt ca ede thiét bj t6 chudn bi trén duémg truyén. = Bude 2: Thiét bj dja chi cia thiét bj té ma thiét bj chti mudn giao tiép va co doc/ghi dit ligu (néu cd thiét lip lén | byte tiép theo duc truyén tir thidt bj té dén thiet bj chi, néu cd thiét lap xudng 0 thi byte tiép theo truyen tir thiét bj chu dén thiet bj ta). = Bude 3: Khi thiét bj té trén bus 12C cé dja chi ding véi dia ehi ma thiét bj cht gti sé phan hdi Iai bing mOt xung ACK. - Bude 4: Giao tigp gitta thiét bj chii va té trén bus dir Higu bit du. Ca cho va tedéu ¢6 thé nhdn hode teuyén dir ligu tay thude vao viée truyén thang 1a doc hay ghi. BO truyén uri 8 bit dir ligu Wi bd nhdn, BO nhan phan hdi voi mot bit ACK. Trang 19Chirong 2. Co Sé Ly Thuyét - Bird 5; Dé két thie qua trinh giao tiép, thiét bi chii tao ra mat diéu kign stop. * —- Didu kign START va STOP (START and STOP conditions) START va STOP 1A nhiing diéu kign bit bude phi cd khi mOt thiét bj chi mudn ét lip giao tiép voi mot thiét bj nao d6 trén bus 12C. START li ui kign khoi dau, bio bit du cia giao tigp, con STOP bao higu két thie mét giao tiép. Hinh dudi day mo ta diu kign START va STOP, = TPE Vy Go START conn S00 coe Hink 2,6 n dé giao tiép LC Ban dau khi cura thue hign qué inh giao tiép, ca hai dung SDA ya SCL déu & mite cao (SDA = SCL = HIGH), Lic nay bus 12C duge coi la r3i (“bus free”), sin sing cho mét giao tiép. Hai diéu kign START va STOP la khong thé thieu trong vige giao tiép gitta cde thigt bj 12C véi nhaw. Diu kign START: mot si chuyén d6i trang thai tir cao xudng thap trén dudng SDA trong khi duéng SCL dang 6 mite cao (cao = 1; thip = 0) béo hiéu mot didu kign START Diku kign STOP: MOt su chuyén déi trang thai tir mite thip lén cao trén duéng hai diéu kign START va STOP déu duge tao ra boi thiet bi chi, Sau tin higu START, bus 12C coi nh dang trong trang thai lam SDA trong khi duémg SCL dang & mite cao. vide (busy). Bus 12C s8 rdi, sin sing cho mot giao tip mdi sau tin higu STOP tir phia thidt bj cha, Sau khi cé mot didu kign START, trong qua trinh giao khi od mot tin higu START duge lap lai thay vi mot tin higu STOP thi bus I2C van tiép tac trong trang thai bn, Tin higu START vi lip Iai START (Repeated START) déu c6 chite ning giéng nhau i Khoi tgo, mot giao tiép. + ‘Truyén dir ligu: Trang 20Churong 2. Co Sé LY Thuyét Mai xung clock c6 mét bit dit ligu duge truyén, Mite tin higu SDA chi duce thay Oi Khi xung clock dang & mie thap, va dn dinh Khi xung clock & mite cao, Thiét bj to cd thé lay miu div ligu khi xung clock & mire cao. ef os nx deaioe | chnge se da casvald | sowed Aerotuan Hinh 2. 7 Qué trinh truyén dir ligu 22C 2.4.2. Giao tigp UART UART (Universal Asynchronous Receive/Transmit) la chudn giao tiép truyén nhan dir ligu khong dong b}, Day la chudn giao tiép pho bien va dé sir dung, thurong ding trong giao tiép gifia vi diéu khién véi nhau hoje véi cdc thiét bj khic. UART chuyén dai g dir ligu song song bus hé thing ra dit ligu n6i dt ligu ndi tiép va song song. Mot chiéu, UART chuyén déi p dé truyén di. Mt chiéu khac, UART p thanh dang dir ligu song song cho chuyén di di 1igu nhdin duge dang dit ligu CPU c6 thé doe vao bus hé thing. UART cia PC hd try ca hai kigu giao tiép 18 giao tiép ding thoi va khdng giao tiép dang thai, Giao tiép dong thai tire i UART e6 thé giri va nhan dit figu vao cing mét théi diém. Cén giao tigp khong déng thoi( khéng kép) 1a chi co mét thiét bj e6 thé chuyén dir ligu vao mot thoi diém, voi tin higu digu khién hoje ma sé quyét dinh bén nao ¢6 the iruyén dit ligu. Giao thép khong ding thi duge thyc hign khi ma ca 2 chiéu chia sé mot duromg din hode néu co 2 during nhung ca 2 thiet bj chi giao tiép qua mt durdng 6 eiing mot thai diém. Thém vao during dit ligu, UART hd tre chudn RS232 va tin higu diéu khién nur RTS, CTS, DTR, DCR, RT va CD. Trang 22Chirong 2. Co Sé Ly Thuyét Dé thud tign, cde chuong trinh giri va nhan dir ligu trong dinh dang khong dong b6, PC va nhiéu vi xir I hée co mot b6 phan goi la UART( universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter: truyén /nhiin khong ding bO chung). UART 1 UART 2 aie a 4 Rx ines Hinh 2. 8 Két ndi UART gitta hai vi diéu khién Rat nhiéu vi didu khién hign nay da durge tich hgp UART, vi vin dé tbe dg va dg tign dung ctia UART khong thé so sinh véi cée giao tiép moi hi n nay nén ee dong PC & Laptop dai méi khong cén tich hop cong UART. Néu giao tiép SPI va 12C 6 mot day truyén dit ligu va mot day duge sir dung dé tmyén xung clock (SCL) dé ding bd trong giao tiép thi voi UART khong c6 day SCL, van a8 duge giai quyét khi ma vige truy UART due ding giita hai vi xtr ly v6i nhau, ding nghia vei vige mai vi xit ly c6 Hl igo ra xung clock cho chinh né sir dung, uu UART iu truyén START bit sé Hinh 2.9 Qua trinh truyén dit Khi 6 trang thai cho mite dign thé & mite | (high). Khi bit chuyén tir 1 xudng 0 dé bio START bit ld dén ci cho b6 nhiin 1a qua trinh truyén dir ligu sip xay ra, Sau ¢ bit dir ligu DO-D7 (Theo hinh vé cic bit e6 thé G mite High of Low tuy theo dit Sau khi tuyén hét dir thi dén Bit Parity dé b6 nhan kiém tra Trang 22Chirong 2. Co Sé Ly Thuyét tinh chinh xae ctia dif ligu. Cudi cling la STOP bit I 1, bao cho thigt bj ring ede bit da due giri xong. Thiét bj nhan sé tién hanh kiém tra khung trayén oh’im dam béo tinh chinh xée ctia dit liga. Cae thing sé co ban trong truyén nhin UART: *Baund rate (téc d6 baund ): Khodng théi gian trayén | bit. Phai durge cai dat giang nhau 6 giti va nha. Frame (khung truyén ): Khung truyén quy dink vé sé bit trong mai lin trays # Start bit Ia bit div tign dirge truyén trong 1 Frame, Bao higu eho thiét bi nhan eo mot g6i dtr Higu sip de truyén dén, La bit bit bude Data : 1a dir ligu can truyén. Bit c6 trong sé nh6 nhit LSB duge trayén trude sau 6 dén bit MSB. Parity bit : kiém tra di ligu truyén cé ding khéng #Stop bit: Hi 1 hole cdc bit bio cho thiét bj ring cdc bit da durge giri xong. it bj nhdn sé tién hinh kiém tra Khung truyén nim dam bao tinh chinh xde eda dit lide. 2.5 GIOLTHIEU PHAN CONG Phin cing gim cé nhimg thiét bj sau: hidt bi du vaio: nut nhian, 6 cam thiet bj eThidt bj dau ra: LOD. # Thiét bj do dign nang: PZEMOOAT. © Thiét bj diéu khign trung tim: NodeMCU ESP8266 WiFi V1.0 ‘ae chudn truyén di ligu: UART, 12C, Wifi, 3G. © Thiét bj giao dign didu khign: thoai, may tinh, Ipad. 2.5.1 Module NodeMCU ESP8266 wifi v1.0 2.5.1.1 Gidi thigu mgt sé logi ESP8266 ESP$266 la dang Vi ditu khién tich hyp Wifi (Wifi SoC) duge phat wién bei Voi Espressif Systems, mt nha san xudt Trung Quée 06 try 6 tai Thirgng Hei a khién va Wifi tich hgp, ESP8266 cho phép lip trinh vién c6 thé thc hign v6 sé cle te vu TCPAP don gidn aé thy hign v6 sé cdc img dung khée nhau, dc bigt la cac img dung Trang 23Chirong 2. Co So Ly Thuyét JoT. Module ESP8266 c6 gid thanh ré, phai néi la 8 nhit trong tit ca cde logi Wifi SoC tir trude toi nay, Chip ESP8266 duge phat trién béi Espressif dé cung edp gidi phip giao tiép Wifi bj loT. dic bigt cia ding ESPS266 la nd duge tich hop ce mach RF nh balun, antenna switches, TX power amplifier va RX filter ngay bén trong chip véi cho cae kich thuée rit nho chi SxSmm nén cde board sir dung ESP8266 khong edn kich thude board én cling nhu khéng clin nhigu linh kigm xung quanh. Sau nhigu nam phat trién, hign tai Al-Thinker san xudt 14 loai_ cho ESP tir module ESP-O1 dén ESP-14, 6 thi truéng VN thi ba module la ESP-O1, ESP-07 va ESP-12F kha phé bign, nhit i ESP-12. Trang 24Chwong 2, Co Sir Ly Thuyét Bang 2.1 Bang so sanh cac théng sé ESP-O1 dén ESP-14 aedon | Yes richetonren | xo Ne Maaemas Ne Nowe Yo Ne 14202 zee | No | Cerumic Ro. No nac 2etooich | Ne Nowe No. Ne 1479 bss | No Nowe Yes Ne naa 4eauie | Ne Nowe No. Yes Went ee ee Yo Yo 200x160 a Nowe No Yes 70x 160. ar3dice | No Nowe Ne. Ne 100x100 teseotce | No Nowe No Ne 1a2eI00 piniole | No | Ceramic Ne Ne WAR, zetoacy | Yes |rchetoarcn | xo Yo 240x160 2etooich | Yer |FichatonPon | No Ver 240% 160 . ww | one Fichoi-on Pen | No Yeu Trang 25Chirong 2. Co So Ly Thuyét 2 ESP8266-12 Hinh 2. 10 Anh ESP$266-12 thie té ESP-12 két hop véi firmware ESP8266 tren Arduino vi thiét tiéu chudn da tao nén NodeMCU, cach sir dung, két néi dé dang, co thé lap trinh, nap so do chan hin cing giao tiép chuong trinh trge tigp trén phin mém Arduino, dng théi tuong tich véi cée b6 ther vign in cd, NodeMCU ESP8266 tre thanh loai Kit phat trién phd bién nhit trong Arduino thoi diém hign tai, Hinh 2. 11 Module Node MCU ESP8266 va so 6 chin Trang 26Churong 2, Co So LY Thuyét a. Théng so cau hinh cilia NodeMCU ESP8266 Bang 2.2 Théng sd edu hinh cia NodeMCU ESP8266 THONG SO GIA TRI— CAU HINH Cong nghé wifi 802.11 b/g’n Giao thie tich hop TCP/IP Tan sO hoat dong 2.4-2.5 GHz Dign Ap hoat dong 3.0-3.6V Dign dp cung cap 5V BO xarly 32-bit ‘Tée do xir ly 80 ~ 160MHz Dang dign hoat dong 80mA So chin VO Céng suat dau ra +20 dBm @ ché 46 802.11 Giao tiép ngosi vi UART/SDIO/SPI/2C/12SAR. Remote Control, GPIO/PWM ADC Mot dau vao véi dé phan bude. Pham vi nhigt dé hoat ding -40C ~ 125°C Trang 27Chwrang 2. Co Si LY Thuyét b, So dé mach nguyén If cia Node MCU ESP8266 NODE MCU ESPI2 Hinh 2. 12 Mach nguyén ly cua NodeMCU ESP8266 Trang 28Chirong 2. Co Sé Ly Thuyét 2.5.2, Module PZEMO04T Hinh 2. 13 Hinh anh thye té module PZEMOO4T 2.5.21 Chire ning *Chite ning do cdc théng sé dign (dign dp, dong dign, cong suat hoat dong, ning lugng). #Chite nang bio dng qua tai (irén nguong bao dong dign, dén fash ngudn va coi kéu bip bao dng). #Chite nang cai dat ngudng bao déng ngudn (cé thé dat ngudng canh bio ngudn) Chie ning cai dt Iai cia phim nang luegng. © Loru trir dir ligu khi tit ngudn (luu trir nding lugng tich lity trude khi tit ngudn). Chive ning bién thj s6 mau do (hién thj dign ap, dong dign, céng suat hoat dong, ning lugng). *Chite ning giao tiép ndi tiép (vai giao tiép TTL, nd c6 thé giao tiép vei mét loat cdc thiét bj du cudi thong qua cdc chan, doe va thidt Kip théng s6). 2.5.2.2 Man hin va phim bim Giao Giao dign hién thj dirge chia thinh bén phin béi mau 0, duge sir dung dé hién thj thng sé dign ap, dong dién, + Dinh dang hién thj #Céng suat: Pham vi kiém tra: 0~22kW. ‘Trong khoang 0 ~ 1OkW, dinh dang hi Ong suat, nang lurgng, thi fa 0,000 ~ 9,999; Trang 29Chirong 2. Co Sé Ly Thuyét Trong khoang 10 22kW, dinh dang hién thi ki 10 #Dign nang: Khodng do: 0 ~ 9999kWh ‘Trong kho’ng 0 ~ 10k Wh, dinh dang hién thi ki 0,000 ~ 9,999; ‘Trong khoang 10 ~ 100kWh, dinh dang hién thj li 10:00 ~ 99,99; ‘Trong pham vi 100~ L000kWh, dink dang hicn thi la 100.0-~ 999.9 1000 ~ 9999kWh tre In, dinh dang hién thi 1 1000 ~ 9999, #Dign dip: pham vi kiém tra: 80~ 260VAC Dinh dang hién thi li 110.0~ 220.0. 22,00. © Déing dign: Phom vi kid tra: 0 ~ 100A Dinh dang hién thi 14 00,00 -~ 99,99, + Phim C6 Mot phim tren bane didu khidn, nd 66 thé duwe ste dung dé thiét lap lai nang lugng. Phuong phap thiét lip lai niing Iwgng: Nhdn va git phim trong 5 gidy cho dén khi man hinh nhip thay ha phim, Nhan nhath phim nigt kin nika, sau d6 da ligu ning lugng dude xéa va thoat khoi trang thai nhap nhdy, bay gi hoat dong Reset dire haan thanh; néu nhén liu trong’S giay nia cho dén khi khong con nhap nhay nia, eo nghia la thodt trang thai dat lai. Trang 30Chirang 2. Co Sé LY Thuyét a) 12 o 72 2.5.2.3 So di ndi diy ACL IN 80-2600 Hinh 2. 14 So dd két néi diy cita module PZEMOOAT Hé théng duge chia thanh hai phan: dang dign va dign dp cho phép dat vao thiét bj ddu vao va cdc day giao tidp ndi tiép, theo nhu du thie t€ cita khach hing, vai chin TTL khde nhau hodn todn gino tiép ede thiét bi khéie nhau, 2.5.2.4 Giao dign man hinh hién thy Man hinh chia Kim 4 vj tri hién thi, 6 1a dién ap, dong dign, ning Iveng va eéng suit. Sau day Li md t8 ngin gon vé timg thong s6 hién thj: + Man hinh hién thj dign ap Do vi hien thj dign ap Ludi dign tan s6 céng nghigp tai thoi diém hign tai. * Man hinh hién thj dong dign Bo va hién thj ding dign tai, sir dung cho dong dign tir LOMA tre Ken. ‘Man hinh hign thi dign nang Do va hién thj dign nding tigu thy hign tai. CO hudng din bo sung ring don vi do ning long ti thigu bi 0,001kWh, a6 phan giai kha cao, 46i voi thir nghigm t thip (trong LOOW), c6 thé quan sit qué trinh tich lay true tiép. ‘Man hinh hign thj cong suit Do va hién thj eéng suat tai n tai, ding cho cing suit cao tir |W tro len. Trang 32Chuong 2, Co Sir Ly Thuyét 2.5.2.5 Gino tiép Module nay durge trang bj giao dign truyén di ligu ndi tiép TTL, doe va thiét Kip cde thong sé lign quan théng qua eéng giao tiép. Bang 2.3 Bang cic giao thite giao tiép cba module PZEMOO4T FuNcTION —_|iiEAD DATA E-DATAS SUM {CO AKO} OF 00 (Computer sends request real the la Voltage Req BO (Gamputer sere w request orem 1A voltage value) Ib ‘Voltage Resp Ad 00 66 02 00 00 (Meter reply the voltage value is 230.2V) | 88 CO ARO! OL 00 (Ce iter sends: st to read the on i as " ats (Computer sends a request © a coment valid 2b Current Resp. AL 00 1 120.00 00(Meter reply the current value is 17.32A) | D2 COASO! OF 00) Ms notive Req B2 (Computer sends a request t0 read the Ic aie active power vale) 08 98 00.00 00 (Mc the acti ilue is ab ‘Active power Rosy AD (Meter reply the active power waluc is a 2200w) (Go A101 00 (Compoter senda equestw read he fa Read energy Req BB CComeuter sends» request 1D cncray value) 4b Read energy Resp AB 01 86 9f 00.00 (Mier reply the energy valuc is 99999wh) | C9 | Seite metuleaates | | CARO 1 OD(Computersonicareqvenwstiie | : Req address, the addres is 192,168.1.1) ‘Set the module address: 00 00.00 00 00 (Meter reply the address was successfully sb M M rep st) Set the power alam (C0.ABOI OL 14 (computer sends a request seta power fa pon hs putes request to set a poi ” threshold Req. alarm threshold) 8 ‘Set the power alarm Py 00 00.00.00 00 (Meter reply the power alarm threshold way as threshold Resp aacoearnMly 260) Trang 32Chirong 2. Co Sé Ly Thuyét 2.5.2.6 Thing so ky thudt Bang 2.4 Thang sé kj thuat cus PZEMOO4T THONG SO “GIATRI 80 ~ 260VAC /50- GOHz, sai sO Dign dp do va hogt dong 0.01 Dang dign do va hoat ding 0 ~100A, sai sé-0.01 Céng suat do va hoat dong 0 ~26000W Nang lugng do va hoat dong (0-9999kWh UART mirc logic TTL SVDC Gino tigp ngoai vi ae baudrate mic djnh 9600, 8, 1 2.5.3. Man hinh LCD 20x4 C6 rat nhiéu dang dé hién thi: hign thj trén LCD, GLCD, hién thi trén led don, hién thi ten led 7 dogn.... Mac di véy nhumg mdi dang hién thj déu eo wu nhuge diém rigng dign ning, eéng suit, dign dp, dong dign do duege dh va vai yeu edu d& tdi 1a hin thj gid ti thi em quyét djnh chon hi thj wén LCD, vi LCD pha hgp vé kinh t n thi va it tin thi gian trong vige han linh kién. Theo yéu ciu va gidi han dé tai thi str Iva chon phi hgp nhat 14 LCD 20x4, Hinh 2. 15 So d6 chin LCD 20x4 Trang 33Chirong 2. Cor So Ly Thuy Bang 2.5 Chie ning cdc chan trén LCD 20x4 “CHUC 1 Tuong duong vei GND - eve am 5 Nguén cp cho LCD hoat dng, tong duong véi VCC - eyre duong (SV) 3 Bigu khién d6 sing min inh a Digu Rhién dja chi ndo s€ dirge ghi dir ligu 5 Boe (read mode) hay ghi (write mode) dit ligu 6 Cho phép ghi vio LCD 8 chan dit ligu, mdi chan s@ c6 gid tr} HIGH hose LOW khi dang & ché dg dge (read mode) vi nd sé niin z gid trj HIGH hofe LOW néu dang 6 ché d6 ghi (write mode) 8 AG)! ‘Tit bat dén man hinh LCD KO) 2.5.4 Module chuyén déi giao tiép 12C Thong thuéng, dé diéu khién va hién thi duge ki ty wr vi diéu khién xudt ra min hinh LCD ta edn 7-8 day néi dén chan vi didu khién. Didu nay gay ra rat nhidu phién todi, 8 di sai day, mach rom ri, khé viét code. Nhimg digu nay dure mach chuyén di 12C khie phuc hoan toan vi sé Iugng day tin higu gidm con duy nhit hai day. Bing vige sir dung giao tigp 12C, vige digu khién tryc tiép min hinh duge chuyén sang cho IC xit ly nim trén mach. Ta chi cin giti ec mai lgnh ciing ndi dung hién thj, do vay gitip vi diéu khién c6 nhieu thai gian dé xir ly cae tién trinh phite tap khiic, Dé sir dung cdc logi LCD e¢ driver li HD44780(LCD 16x2, LCD 20x4, .. }, ein 0 it nhit 6 chin cia MCU két néi véi cie chin RS, EN, D7, D6, DS va D4 dé cé thé giao tiép voi LCD. Nhung véi module chuyén giao tiép LCD sang I2C, ta chi cin 2 chan (SDA va SCL) ciia MCU két ndi véi 2 chan (SDA va SCL) ciia module la die thé hién thi théng tin lén LCD. Ngoai ra cé thé diéu chinh duge dé tong phan boi bién tro gin trén module. Trang 34Churong 2, Co Sé LY Thuyét Hinh 2. 16 Hinh anh thye té module chuyén d6i 12 2.5.4.1 Uu diém = Gino tiép 12C chi sir dyng hai day tin higu dé giao tip ld SDA va SCL, gitip tidt kigm chan trén vi diéu khin. ~ Tée 6 truyen dir ligu len dén 400kbps. + C6 kha nding két ndi nhiéu thiét bj v6i nhau, trén mach c6 sfin cdc méi han AO, AL, A2 dé thay déi dia chi cia module. 2.5.4.2 Bang két ndi gidra module giao tip 12C voi MCU Bang 2. 6 Két noi gitra module giao tiép I2C voi MCU Ee omic Voc Voc GND GND SDA SDA SCL SCL Trang 35Churang 2, Co Sé LY Thuyét 2.5.4.3 So dé mach nguyén ly module chuyén d6i giao tiép 12C ereer4 PCrRETAA WERT mr. LeruTER = } Hinh 2. 17 Mach nguyén ly module chuyén déi giao tiép 12C 2.5.4.4 Thong sé k¥ thudt Bang 2.7 Thong s6 k¥ thuat cha module chuyén doi giao tiép 12C Thong 56 Gide - iu hin Dign aphoatding | SV Gino tigp Re Dia chi giv tgp (0427 howe 0x03 ‘$6 chan, 4 2.5.5 Mach chuyén doi mire dign thé 4 kénh Mach tg dung cho cde thiét bj chénh Ich mite tin higu giao tip nhur Raspberry Pi voi ede cam bién, module, vi digu khién, Mach c6 2 con Fet BSS138 cling vai miro 10k kéo Ién, thé hoat dong xuéng ti mite 1.8V 6 phia mite dign ap thip, va chiu duge 1OV & phia mite di chidu bon kénh. Dé giao tiép duge voi NODEMCU ESP8266 thi edn chuyén mite tin higu n fip cao. Mach c6 vai trd chuyén mite tin higu logic 3.3V <=> SV hai 5V & cde chin giao ti¢p trén module PZEMO04T xuéng mite 3.3V. Trang 36Hinh 2, 18 Hinh anh thye té module chuyén ddi tin higu 4 kénh, Thong sé-ky thuat Mach chuyén déi tin higu 4 kénh ding cho giao tiép UART SPI, 12C. Bang két ndi chan gitta module chuyén déi tin higu 4 kénh vdi cde mach céin chuyén oi Bang 2.8 Thong sé ky thudt cua module chuyén d4i tin higu4 kénh, D Module Mach cin chuyén doi HW Nguén ciia mach 5V GND GND ciia mach 5V HV1, HV2, HV3, Hva Cie chain giao tigp tir mgch 5V LV Naudn ciia mach 3V D eta mach 3 LV1, LV2, LV3, LV4 Cie chin giao ip tir mach 3V (trang img voi SV) 2. 6 Module nguén chuyén d6i AC- DC Trong dé tai cn sir dyng nguén AC cho céc thiét bj cin giam sit drge hogt d6ng, ddng théi cin ngudn c6 dign ap SV cho cie module LCD, NodeMCU ESP8266, mach chuyén déi 4 kénh, PZEMOO4T. Nén dé tign Iei ta ding mét day nguén duy nhit cho ngudn AC va chuyén tir ngudn 220VAC sang SVDC théng qua module nguén HLK- PMOI SV cp cho cdc module trong mach. Trang 37Chirong 2. Co Sé Ly Thuyét Hinh 2.19 Anh thyc té cia moule nguén Hi-Link SV 3W. “Thong sé ky thuat Bing 2.9 Théng sky thugt cita moule nguén Hi-Link SV 3W Thong s Gia tri Dign dp vio 100V ~270VAC Dign dp ngo ra | 3vpc Dong ra lon ahat 600mA Nhiét d6 hoat déng =20°C ~ +80°C Thi gian sirdung module wida [MTBF 1000008 Trang 38h Toan va Thiet ké Chirong 3. Chuong 3. TINH TOAN VA THIET KE 3.1 GIGI THIEU Dé tai thiet ke mot th bj “Giam sat dign nang qua Inteet”, do cae thang so ve dign nang AC cia mach dign nhu ding di 6, céng sudt va ning luong tidy thy cla hai hay nhidu thiét bj dign, ¢6 thé gidm sat tir xa & moi noi moi lie qua intemet, 3.2. TINH TOAN VA THIET KE HE THONG 3.2.1 So dé két ni toan mach Trude khi di vao thiét ké, ta xem xét so qua so dé két ni cla toan hé thong, Hinh 2. 20, So do két noi toan mach Trang 39h Toan va Thiet ké Chirong 3. 3.2.2: Thiét ké so dd khéi hé thong ‘Theo yéu cau cita dé tai thi ta tién hanh thiét ké so dO khéi cia hé thong nhu sau: Hinh 3.1 Soxdé khéi toan he thang Chite niing cde khéi « Khdi do dign ning: do cae théng 86 dign ap, dong dign, dign nang, cng suat tai *KhGi ngd vao: cée tai tir thiét bj dign duge dua vio voi mye dich gidm sat dign nang. Khoi hién thi: hién thj cae gid tri cua thiét bj do duge trén man hinh LCD. « Khdi xir ly trung tim: xir ly cdc gid tri nhiin duge, giri dir ligu len webpage. *Khdi ngudn: c6 chite nang cap ngudn dé toain mach hoat dong. *MOQTT server: co chire ming két ndi thiét bj cua minh vGi server tén nén tang Cayenne platform. 3.2.2.1 Khdi do dign ning Trang 40h Toan va Thiet ké Chirong 3. PZEMOOAT 1a Iya chon t6i uu vi thiét ké nho gon, c6 hd try giao tip UART dé dng két noi trayén dir ligu ti ESP8266 nhim gidm sat tir xa cae théng sO dién nang. Dé m sit dign nding hai thiét bj cdin str dung hai module PZEMOO4T, Tuy nhign dé giao tiép duge gitia NodeMCU ESP8266 cé cic GPIO hogt dong & mite 3.3V vai module PZEMOOT hogt ding mite SV can sir dung thém module chuyén mite dign thé tir SV xuéng 3.3V dé cing mite tin higu méi c6 thé giao tiép duge. Dudi diy la so dé ket noi mach dé giao tiép gitra hai PZEMO04T va NodeMCU ESP8266. Hinh 3,2 So dd két ndi mach gitia PZEMO004T va NodeMCU ESPS266 3.2.2.2 Khai ngé vie Cae thiét bi dign duge do dign nang va gidm sit tit xa thong qua 6 im duge gin cd dinh wén vo hop cia thiét bj. Khi can gidm sit dign ning ciza thiét bj ndo thi cm thidt bj dign 46 vio 6 elim, Dé tai ny ta gidm sat dign ning cho hai thiét bj nén sir dung hai 6 clim cho khéi ngé vao. 3.2.2.3 Khoi xirly trung tim Str dung vi dieu khién chinh module NodeMCU ESP8266 ket noi véi cae thiet bj ngoai vi va giao tiép voi server thong qua WiFi, Dé giim sit dif ligu thu thap duge tir cae module PZEMO04T théng qua website hoiic smartphone, ta sir dung giao thie MQTT theo mé hinh Publish/Subscribe. So dé két ndi mach nh hinh 3.2. Trang 41h Toan va Thiet ké Chirong 3. 3.2.2.4 Khéi hién thj Dé dé dang theo ddi cae théng sé dién do duge ta sé ién thj gia tri dién ap, dong ign, dign nding va céng swat trén man hinh LCD 20x4, Tuy nhién LCD hoat déng & mite SV dé giao tiép duge véi NODEMCU ESP8266 ta c’in mgch chuyén ddi mire dign thé SV -3.3V. Hinh 3,3 So dé két ndi mach gitta Node MCU ESP8266 va LCD Trang 42h Toan va Thiet ké Chirong 3. 3.2.2.5 MQTT SERVER Nhigm vu ciia PZEMOOST [a cir sau $ gidy thi giri théng tin cho dign thoai hod miy tinh, Giao thite miy goi 1a topic, topic thre chit ehi la 1 cdi tén, vi dy dong dign / p/ dign nang/ cong sudt. Sau d6 ctr 5 gidy, PZEMOO4T sé giti dit Higu (publish) cho ci topic. Cac gia trj do duge tir PZEMOO4T khong cin quan tim ki cé thiét bj ndo dc thong tin d6, n6 chi quan tam la dinh ky 5 gidy giti dir ligu vao topic. laptop Hinh 3.4 Phirong thie truyén va mhiin di ligu cia MQTT Dé doc duge thong tin vé dong dign, dign Ap, dign ming, céng suat thi né sé ding ky theo di (subscribe) cae topic. Sau khi dign thoai ding ky theo doi thi néu c6 bat kj publish nao t6i cic topic, sé duge giti vé dign thoai hogc may tinh théng qua internet. Dé cle bj trén bao gém module do dign ning PZEMOO4T, dign thoai, laptop cé thé giao tiép duge véi nhau théng qua vige giti va nhin dif ligu, ching ta cin két thiét bj d6 tai mot server théng qua duéng truyén internet. Server hé tre giao thire MQTT diroe goi la broker. Cac thiét bj két 3.2.2.6 Khéinguén Neuén dién xoay chidu 220~240VAC durge dimg dé cép cho khéi ngé vio va nguén AC trén module PZEMO004T, Téng dong cho tat ca ede Linh kign dig nguén 220VAC li 6A. Sir dyng cho ede thidt bj di i broker duge goi la MQTT client. 6 déng nhé hon 6A true khi edi vio 6 cdim. Trang 43h Toan va Thiet ké Chirong 3. Nguén SV duge chuyén déi tir nguén xoay chiéu AC théng qua module Hilink cd déng 600mA, duge sir dung cdip ngudn cho cic module PZEM004T, LCD, 12C, NODEMCU ESP8266, mach chuyén ddi tin higu SV - 3.3V. Tong dang cho tit ca cae linh kign ding nguén SV Li 425mA Bang 3.1 Cac thong sé ngudn sirdung NodeMCU ESP8266 SVDC 200mA Pzem004T SVDC Module chuyén mire dign thé | $V~3VDC 225mA Mode 2 3VDC 2000 \Ocdimt ———~———«S 0A 10A Ocim2 250VAC TOA [Nunkin —s—*~

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