EXAMPLE 3.

4 Vehicle Moving on a Rough Road

Figure 3.18 shows a simple model of a motor vehicle that can vibrate in the vertical direction while traveling
over a rough road. The vehicle has a mass of 1200 kg. The suspension system has a spring constant of 400 kN/m
and a damping ratio of ξ = 0.5. If the vehicle speed is 20 km/hr, determine the displacement amplitude of the
vehicle. The road surface varies sinusoidally with an amplitude of 𝑌 = 0.05 𝑚 and a wavelength of 6 m.
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑚
𝑚 = 1200 𝑘𝑔 ; 𝑘 = 400 ; ξ = 0.5 ; 𝑣 = 20 ; 𝑌 = 0.05 𝑚 ; λ = 6 𝑚
𝑚 ℎ𝑟
𝟏ൗ
𝟐
𝑿 𝟏+ 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
= 𝟐 𝟑. 𝟔𝟖
𝒀 𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐

𝝃 = 𝟎. 𝟓
𝒓𝒂𝒅
𝝎𝒏 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟑𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒄

Exciting frequency will be the number of cycles per unit travel

𝝎 = 𝟐𝝅𝒇
𝒗 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒎Τ
𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝝎= 𝟐𝝅 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒇 = (𝑯𝒛)
λ 𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒎ൗ𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆

𝟐𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒓𝒂𝒅 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒅 𝒓𝒂𝒅
𝝎 = 𝟐𝝅 = 𝟓. 𝟖𝟏𝟕𝟕𝟔 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝟔 𝒎 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒔𝒆𝒄

𝝎 𝟓.𝟖𝟏𝟕𝟕𝟔
𝒓=𝝎 = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖𝟕
𝒏 𝟏𝟖.𝟐𝟓𝟕
EXAMPLE 3.4 Vehicle Moving on a Rough Road
Figure 3.18 shows a simple model of a motor vehicle that can vibrate in the vertical direction while traveling
over a rough road. The vehicle has a mass of 1200 kg. The suspension system has a spring constant of 400 kN/m
and a damping ratio of ξ = 0.5. If the vehicle speed is 20 km/hr, determine the displacement amplitude of the
vehicle. The road surface varies sinusoidally with an amplitude of 𝑌 = 0.05 𝑚 and a wavelength of 6 m.
𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑚
𝑚 = 1200 𝑘𝑔 ; 𝑘 = 400 ; ξ = 0.5 ; 𝑣 = 20 ; 𝑌 = 0.05 𝑚 ; λ = 6 𝑚
𝑚 ℎ𝑟
𝟏ൗ
𝟐
𝑿 𝟏+ 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
= 𝟐 𝟑. 𝟔𝟖
𝒀 𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐

𝝃 = 𝟎. 𝟓
𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟏𝟖𝟕
𝒀 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 𝒎
𝟏ൗ
𝟏+ 𝟐×𝟎.𝟓×𝟎.𝟑𝟏𝟖𝟕 𝟐 𝟐
𝑿 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 × 𝟏−𝟎.𝟑𝟏𝟖𝟕 𝟐 + 𝟐×𝟎.𝟓×𝟎.𝟑𝟏𝟖𝟕 𝟐

𝑿 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟓𝟎𝟒𝟖 m
E XAMPLE 3.5 Machine on Resilient Foundation
A heavy machine, weighing 3000 N, is supported on a resilient foundation. The static deflection of the foundation
due to the weight of the machine is found to be 7.5 cm. It is observed that the machine vibrates with an amplitude of
1 cm when the base of the foundation is subjected to harmonic oscillation at the undamped natural frequency of the
system with an amplitude of 0.25 cm. Find
a. the damping constant of the foundation (c),
b. the dynamic force amplitude on the base (FT), and
c. the amplitude of the displacement of the machine relative to the base (Z).
Given
Weight of the machine W= 3000 N
Static deflection of the foundation δ=7.5 cm = 0.075 m
Machine’s Amplitude X=1 cm = 0.001 m
Base’s Amplitude Y= 0.25 cm = 0.0025 m
𝟏ൗ
𝟐 𝟐
𝑿 𝟏+ 𝟐𝝃𝒓
= 𝟐 𝟑. 𝟔𝟖
𝒀 𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
𝟏ൗ
𝟐 𝟐
𝑭𝑻 𝟏+ 𝟐𝝃𝒓
= 𝒓𝟐 𝟐 𝟑. 𝟕𝟒
𝒌𝒀 𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
𝒓𝟐
𝒁=𝒀 (𝟑. 𝟕𝟕)
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓𝟐
E XAMPLE 3.5 Machine on Resilient Foundation
A heavy machine, weighing 3000 N, is supported on a resilient foundation. The static deflection of the foundation due to the
weight of the machine is found to be 7.5 cm. It is observed that the machine vibrates with an amplitude of 1 cm when the base of
the foundation is subjected to harmonic oscillation at the undamped natural frequency of the system with an amplitude of 0.25
cm. Find
a. the damping constant of the foundation (c),
b. the dynamic force amplitude on the base (FT), and
c. the amplitude of the displacement of the machine relative to the base (Z).
W= 3000 N ; δ= 0.075 m ; X= 0.001 m ; Y= 0.0025 m
Equation (3.68) can be used to find ξ at exciting frequency is
same is natural frequency i.e. r=1
𝟏ൗ
𝟐 𝟐
𝑿 𝟏+ 𝟐𝝃𝒓
𝒂 = 𝟐 𝟑. 𝟔𝟖
𝒀 𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
𝟏ൗ
𝟐 𝟏ൗ
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟏 𝟏+ 𝟐𝝃×𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝑿 𝟏+ 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
= 𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟖
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝟏−𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃×𝟏 𝟐
𝒀 𝟐
𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
ξ = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟏 𝒊 𝟏ൗ
𝟐
𝒄 𝑭𝑻 𝟏+ 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
ξ=
𝟐 𝒌𝒎
𝒊𝒊
𝒌𝒀
= 𝒓𝟐 𝟐 𝟑. 𝟕𝟒
𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
𝑭 𝑾
𝒌 =𝒙=𝜹 𝒊𝒊𝒊
𝒔𝒕
𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵 𝒓𝟐
𝒌 = 𝟎.𝟎𝟕𝟓 = 𝟒𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒊𝒗 𝒁=𝒀 (𝟑. 𝟕𝟕)
𝒎 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓𝟐
𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒄 = 𝟐ξ 𝒎𝒌 = 𝟐 × 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟏 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 × 𝒗
𝟗.𝟖𝟏
𝒄 = 𝟗𝟎𝟑. 𝟎𝟓𝟏𝟐 𝑵 − 𝒔𝒆𝒄Τ𝒎 𝒗𝒊
E XAMPLE 3.5 Machine on Resilient Foundation
A heavy machine, weighing 3000 N, is supported on a resilient foundation. The static deflection of the foundation due to the
weight of the machine is found to be 7.5 cm. It is observed that the machine vibrates with an amplitude of 1 cm when the base of
the foundation is subjected to harmonic oscillation at the undamped natural frequency of the system with an amplitude of 0.25
cm. Find
a. the damping constant of the foundation (c),
b. the dynamic force amplitude on the base (FT), and
c. the amplitude of the displacement of the machine relative to the base (Z).
W= 3000 N ; δ= 0.075 m ; X= 0.001 m ; Y= 0.0025 m
ξ = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟏 𝒊
𝑵
𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒊𝒗
𝒎
𝟏ൗ
𝟐
𝒄 = 𝟗𝟎𝟑. 𝟎𝟓𝟏𝟐 𝑵 − 𝒔𝒆𝒄Τ𝒎 𝒗𝒊 𝑿
=
𝟏+ 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
𝟑. 𝟔𝟖
𝒀 𝟐
𝟏ൗ 𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏ൗ
𝑭𝑻 𝟏+ 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
𝒃 = 𝒓𝟐 𝟑. 𝟕𝟒 𝑭𝑻 𝟏+ 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
𝒌𝒀 𝟏−𝒓𝟐
𝟐
+ 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐 𝒌𝒀
= 𝒓𝟐 𝟐 𝟑. 𝟕𝟒
𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
𝟏ൗ
𝟐
𝑭𝑻 𝟏+ 𝟐×𝟎.𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟏×𝟏 𝟐
= 𝟏𝟐 𝟐 𝒁=𝒀
𝒓𝟐
(𝟑. 𝟕𝟕)
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎×𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝟏−𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐×𝟎.𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟏×𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓𝟐
𝑭𝑻 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝑵 (𝒗𝒊𝒊)
E XAMPLE 3.5 Machine on Resilient Foundation
A heavy machine, weighing 3000 N, is supported on a resilient foundation. The static deflection of the foundation due to the
weight of the machine is found to be 7.5 cm. It is observed that the machine vibrates with an amplitude of 1 cm when the base of
the foundation is subjected to harmonic oscillation at the undamped natural frequency of the system with an amplitude of 0.25
cm. Find
a. the damping constant of the foundation (c),
b. the dynamic force amplitude on the base (FT), and
c. the amplitude of the displacement of the machine relative to the base (Z).
W= 3000 N ; δ= 0.075 m ; X= 0.001 m ; Y= 0.0025 m
ξ = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟏 𝒊
𝑵
𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒊𝒗
𝒎
𝟏ൗ
𝟐
𝒂 𝒄 = 𝟗𝟎𝟑. 𝟎𝟓𝟏𝟐 𝑵 − 𝒔𝒆𝒄Τ𝒎 𝒗𝒊 𝑿
=
𝟏+ 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
𝟑. 𝟔𝟖
𝒀 𝟐
𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
𝒃 𝑭𝑻 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝑵 (𝒗𝒊𝒊) 𝟏ൗ
𝟐 𝟐
𝑭𝑻 𝟏+ 𝟐𝝃𝒓
𝒓𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 𝟐 𝟑. 𝟕𝟒
𝒄 𝒁=𝒀 (𝟑. 𝟕𝟕) 𝒌𝒀 𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓𝟐
𝒓𝟐
𝟏𝟐 𝒁=𝒀 (𝟑. 𝟕𝟕)
𝒁 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓 × 𝟐
𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓𝟐
𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏−𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐×𝟎.𝟏𝟐𝟗𝟏×𝟏𝟐

𝒁 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟖 𝒎 (𝒗𝒊𝒊𝒊)
3.11 A spring-mass system, resting on an inclined plane, is subjected to
a harmonic force as shown in Fig. 3.38. Find the response of the system
by assuming zero initial conditions.
𝑾 sin 𝜽
𝒎𝒙ሷ + 𝒌𝒙 = 𝑭𝑶 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 𝟑. 𝟑
When mass is released, the spring stretches 𝜹𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒄 and thereafter x
displacement is due to force
σ 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒆 = 𝒎𝒙ሷ

−𝒌 𝒙 + 𝜹𝒔𝒕 + 𝑾 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 + 𝑭𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 = 𝒎𝒙ሷ 𝜽

𝒎𝒙ሷ + +𝒌𝒙 = 𝑭𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕 𝑾 cos 𝜽
𝑾 = 𝒎𝒈
same solution as done earlier
𝒙𝒉 𝒕 = 𝑪𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒏 𝒕 + 𝑪𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝒏 𝒕 𝟑. 𝟒
𝒙𝒑 𝒕 = 𝑿 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 𝟑. 𝟓
𝑭𝑶 𝑭𝑶
𝑭𝑶 𝒌 𝒌
𝑿= = 𝒎 𝟐 = 𝝎 𝟐
𝟑. 𝟔
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝟏− 𝒌 𝝎 𝟏− 𝝎
𝒏
 Harmonically Excited Vibration
3.3 Response of an Undamped System Under Harmonic Force
𝒎𝒙ሷ + 𝒄𝒙ሶ + 𝒌𝒙 = 𝑭 𝒕 ⟾ 𝒎𝒙ሷ + 𝒌𝒙 = 𝑭𝑶 cos 𝝎𝒕 (𝟑. 𝟑)
𝒙𝒉 𝒕 = 𝑪𝟏 cos 𝜔𝑛 𝒕 + 𝑪𝟐 sin 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 𝟑. 𝟒
𝒙𝒑 𝒕 = 𝑿 cos 𝝎𝒕 𝟑. 𝟓
By substituting Eq. (3.5) into Eq. (3.3) and solving for X, we obtain.
𝒙ሶ = 𝝎𝑿 sin 𝝎𝒕
𝒙ሷ = −𝝎𝟐 𝑿 cos 𝝎𝒕
−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝑿 cos 𝝎𝒕 + 𝒌𝑿 cos 𝝎𝒕 = 𝑭𝑶 cos 𝝎𝒕
−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝑿 + 𝒌𝑿 = 𝑭𝑶
𝒌 − 𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝑿 = 𝑭𝑶
𝑭𝑶
𝑭𝑶 𝒌 𝜹𝒔𝒕
𝑿= 𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐
= 𝒎 𝟐 = 𝝎 𝟐
𝟑. 𝟔
𝟏− 𝒌 𝝎 𝟏−
𝝎𝒏

Where 𝜹𝒔𝒕 = 𝑭𝒐ൗ𝒌 denotes the deflection of the mass under a force and is sometimes called static deflection because is
a constant (static) force.
A smooth inclined plane having angle of inclination 30o with horizontal has a mass 2.5 kg is held by a spring which is
fixed at the upper end as shown in figure. If the mass is taken 2.5 cm up along the surface of the inclined plane, the
tension in the spring reduces to zero. If the mass is then released, the angular frequency of oscillation in radian per
second is?
Tension of string zero means that the string is in unstretched position. So, 2.5 cm is extension of string when the mass
attach to string. From figure, it is clear that the downward acceleration of spring along inclined plane is
𝒈 𝟗.𝟖𝟏
𝒈ƴ = 𝒈 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟎𝒐 = = = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟏 𝒎Τ𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
At the stretched position the restoring force is balanced by weight of mass along inclined plane
𝒎
𝐤 × 𝒙 = 𝒎𝒈 = 𝟐. 𝟓 × 𝟒. 𝟗𝟏 𝒌𝒈 × 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 (𝒊)
Where, Mass of the body
𝒎 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒌𝒈
As extension of string
𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒄𝒎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝒎
Spring force becomes = 𝐤 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 (𝒊𝒊)
𝜽
Comparing (i) and (ii) 𝐤 × 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟏
𝐤 = 𝟒𝟗𝟏 𝑵Τ𝒎
𝑾 = 𝒎𝒈
Angular frequency
𝒌 𝟒𝟗𝟏
𝝎= =
𝒎 𝟐,𝟓

𝝎 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝒓𝒂𝒅Τ𝒔𝒆𝒄

3.12 The natural frequency of vibration of a person is found to be 5.2 Hz while standing on a horizontal
floor. Assuming damping to be negligible, determine the following:
a. If the weight of the person is 70 kgf, determine the equivalent stiffness of his body in the vertical
direction.
b. If the floor is subjected to a vertical harmonic vibration of frequency of 5.3 Hz and amplitude of 0.1 m
due to an unbalanced rotating machine operating on the floor, determine the vertical displacement of the
person.
𝟏ൗ 𝟏ൗ
𝟐 𝟐
𝐗 𝐤𝟐+ 𝐜𝐱ሶ 𝟐 𝟏+ 𝟐𝛏𝐫 𝟐
= 𝟐 = 𝟐 𝟑. 𝟔𝟖
𝐘 𝐤−𝐦𝛚𝟐 + 𝐱𝛚 𝟐 𝟏−𝐫 𝟐 + 𝟐𝛏𝐫 𝟐

For (a) , mass and natural frequency are given so k can be found from

𝒌
𝛚𝐧 =
𝒎

𝝎𝒏 = 𝟓. 𝟐 𝐇𝐳 = 𝟐𝛑 × 𝟓. 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟔𝟕𝟏𝟐𝟔 𝐫𝐚𝐝Τ𝐬𝐞𝐜

𝑾 = 𝟕𝟎 𝐤𝐠 ⟾ 𝒎 = 𝟕. 𝟏𝟒 𝐤𝐠

𝒌
𝟑𝟐. 𝟔𝟕𝟐𝟔 =
𝟕.𝟏𝟒

⟾ 𝒌 = 𝟕𝟔𝟐𝟐 𝐍Τ𝐦
3.12 The natural frequency of vibration of a person is found to be 5.2 Hz while standing on a horizontal floor.
Assuming damping to be negligible, determine the following:
b. If the floor is subjected to a vertical harmonic vibration of frequency of 5.3 Hz and amplitude of 0.1 m due to an
unbalanced rotating machine operating on the floor, determine the vertical displacement of the person.
𝟏ൗ 𝟏ൗ
𝟐 𝟐
𝑿 𝒌𝟐 + 𝒄𝒙ሶ 𝟐 𝟏+ 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐
= 𝟐 = 𝟐 𝟑. 𝟔𝟖
𝒀 𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 + 𝒙𝝎 𝟐 𝟏−𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝃𝒓 𝟐

𝒌 = 𝟕𝟔𝟐𝟐 𝑵Τ𝒎
For (b), base amplitude Y is given, damping ratio is zero as no damping ,
frequency ratio ‘r’ is to be found to find X
𝝎 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟗 𝒓𝒂𝒅Τ𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝝎𝒏 = 𝟓. 𝟐 𝐇𝐳 = 𝟐𝛑 × 𝟓. 𝟐 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟔𝟕𝟏𝟐𝟔 𝐫𝐚𝐝Τ𝐬𝐞𝐜
𝒓 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟐
𝒀 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎
Equation 3.68 becomes
𝟏ൗ
𝟐
𝟏
𝑿=𝒀 𝟐
𝟏−𝒓𝟐
3.12 The natural frequency of vibration of a person is found to be 5.2 Hz while standing on a horizontal floor.
Assuming damping to be negligible, determine the following:
b. If the floor is subjected to a vertical harmonic vibration of frequency of 5.3 Hz and amplitude of 0.1 m due to an
unbalanced rotating machine operating on the floor, determine the vertical displacement of the person.
(a) 𝒌 = 𝟕𝟔𝟐𝟐 𝑵Τ𝒎

For (b), base amplitude Y is given, damping ratio is zero as no damping ,

frequency ratio ‘r’ is to be found to find X

𝝎 = 𝟑𝟐. 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟗 𝒓𝒂𝒅Τ𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝒓 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟐
𝒀 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎
𝟏ൗ
𝟐
𝟏
𝑿=𝒀 𝟐
𝟏−𝒓𝟐

𝟏ൗ
𝟏 𝟐
𝑿 = 𝟎. 𝟏 × = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟕𝟗𝟒 𝒎
𝟏−𝟏.𝟎𝟏𝟗𝟐 𝟐

𝒙 𝒕 = 𝑿 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕 − 𝝓

𝒙 𝒕 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟕𝟗𝟒 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟗𝒕 𝒎

3.15 A spring-mass system, with 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 and 𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝑵Τ𝒎 is subjected to a harmonic force
𝒇 𝒕 = 𝑭𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑭𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑵. Find the response of the system when is ω equal to (a) 2 rad/s, (b) 0.2
rad/s, and (c) 20 rad/s. Discuss the results.

𝒎𝒙ሷ + 𝒌𝒙 = 𝑭𝑶 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 (𝟑. 𝟑)

Thus the total solution becomes

𝑭𝑶
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝑪𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒏 𝒕 + 𝑪𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝒏 𝒕 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 𝟑. 𝟕
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐

Stead state response is

𝑭𝑶
𝑭𝑶 ൗ𝒌
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 𝒕 = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝟏− 𝝎Τ𝝎𝒏

𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ; 𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝑵Τ𝒎 ; 𝒇 𝒕 = 𝑭𝒐 cos 𝝎𝒕 ; 𝑭𝒐 =

𝟏𝟎 𝑵

𝒂 𝝎 = 𝟐 𝒓𝒂𝒅Τ𝒔𝒆𝒄 ; 𝝎𝒏 = 𝒌Τ = 𝟒𝟎𝟎Τ =
𝒎 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐 𝒓𝒂𝒅Τ𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝟏𝟎ൗ
𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒕 = ∞
𝟏− 𝟐ൗ𝟐
3.15 A spring-mass system, with 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 and 𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝑵Τ𝒎 is subjected to a harmonic force
𝒇 𝒕 = 𝑭𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑭𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑵. Find the response of the system when is ω equal to (a) 2 rad/s, (b) 0.2
rad/s, and (c) 20 rad/s. Discuss the results.

Stead state response is

𝑭𝑶
𝑭𝑶 ൗ𝒌
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 𝒐𝒓 𝒙 𝒕 = 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝟏− 𝝎Τ𝝎𝒏

𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ; 𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝑵Τ𝒎 ; 𝒇 𝒕 = 𝑭𝒐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 ; 𝑭𝒐 =

𝟏𝟎 𝑵

𝒃 𝝎 = 𝟎. 𝟐 𝒓𝒂𝒅Τ𝒔𝒆𝒄 ; 𝝎𝒏 = 𝟐 𝒓𝒂𝒅Τ𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝟏𝟎ൗ
𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟎. 𝟐𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟐𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟎. 𝟐𝒕 𝒎
𝟏− 𝟎.𝟐ൗ𝟐

𝒄 𝝎 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒓𝒂𝒅Τ𝒔𝒆𝒄 ; 𝝎𝒏 = 𝟐 𝒓𝒂𝒅Τ𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝟏𝟎ൗ
𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝟎𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐𝟓𝟐𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝟎𝒕 𝒎
𝟏− 𝟐𝟎ൗ𝟐
3.20 In the cam-follower system shown in Fig. 3.43, the rotation of the cam imparts a
vertical motion to the follower. The pushrod, which acts as a spring, has been compressed
by an amount 𝒙𝟎 before assembly. Determine the following: (a) equation of motion of the
follower, including the gravitational force; (b) force exerted on the follower by the cam; and
(c) conditions under which the follower loses contact with the cam.

(a) As cam swings, the follower goes up and down by same

length ‘x’
As spring has to be press the follower against cam, it would
have initial extension ‘xo’
Follower would be hanging so would have force will exert
equal to mog on cam.
FBD of moving mass mo i.e. follower is shown
−𝒌 𝒙 − 𝒙𝒐 − 𝒎𝒐 𝒈 + 𝑭𝒄𝒂𝒎 = 𝒎𝒐 𝒙ሷ
𝒃 𝑭𝒄𝒂𝒎 = 𝒎𝒐 𝒙ሷ + 𝒌 𝒙 − 𝒙𝒐 + 𝒎𝒐 𝒈
(c) Lose of contact is only possible when cam force is zero
and mo moving up and decelerating i.e. negative acceleration
𝒌 𝒙 − 𝒙𝒐 + 𝒎𝒐 𝒈 ≥ 𝒎𝒐 𝒙ሷ
3.24 Derive the equation of motion and find the steady-state response of the system
shown in Fig. 3.44 for rotational motion about the hinge O for the following data:
𝒌𝟏 = 𝒌𝟐 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵Τ𝒎 ; 𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎 ; 𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎 ; 𝒍 = 𝟏 𝒎
𝑴 = 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ; 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ; 𝑭𝟎 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝑵 ; 𝝎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒓𝒑𝒎
−(𝒌𝟏 𝒂𝜽) × 𝒂 − (𝒌𝟐 𝒃𝜽) × 𝒃 + 𝑭𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕 × 𝒍 = 𝑱𝒐 𝜽ሷ + 𝑴𝒍𝟐 𝜽ሷ
− 𝒌𝟏 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝜽 + 𝑭𝟎 𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕 = 𝑱𝒐 + 𝑴𝒍𝟐 𝜽ሷ
ሷ 𝒌𝟏 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝜽 = 𝑭𝟎 𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕
𝑱𝒐 + 𝑴𝒍𝟐 𝜽+
𝒙𝒑 𝒕 = 𝑿 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕 𝟑. 𝟓
𝜽𝒑 𝒕 = 𝜣 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕 𝟑. 𝟓𝒃
ሷ 𝒌𝟏 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝜽 = 𝑭𝟎 𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕
𝑱𝒐 + 𝑴𝒍𝟐 𝜽+

𝜽ሶ = 𝝎𝜣 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕
𝜽ሷ = −𝝎𝟐 𝜣 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕
𝑱𝒐 + 𝑴𝒍𝟐 −𝝎𝟐 𝜣 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕 + 𝒌𝟏 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝜣 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕 = 𝑭𝟎 𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕

−𝝎𝟐 𝑱𝒐 + 𝑴𝒍𝟐 𝜣+ 𝒌𝟏 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝜣 = 𝑭𝟎 𝒍
𝑭𝟎 𝒍
𝜣= 𝒌𝟏 𝒂𝟐 +𝒌𝟐 𝒃𝟐 −𝝎𝟐 𝑱𝒐 +𝑴𝒍𝟐
3.24 Derive the equation of motion and find the steady-state response of the system
shown in Fig. 3.44 for rotational motion about the hinge O for the following data:
𝒌𝟏 = 𝒌𝟐 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵Τ𝒎 ; 𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎 ; 𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎 ; 𝒍 = 𝟏 𝒎
𝑴 = 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ; 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ; 𝑭𝟎 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝑵 ; 𝝎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒓𝒑𝒎
−(𝒌𝟏 𝒂𝜽) × 𝒂 − (𝒌𝟐 𝒃𝜽) × 𝒃 + 𝑭𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕 × 𝒍 = 𝑱𝒐 𝜽ሷ + 𝑴𝒍𝟐 𝜽ሷ
− 𝒌𝟏 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝜽 + 𝑭𝟎 𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕 = 𝑱𝒐 + 𝑴𝒍𝟐 𝜽ሷ
ሷ 𝒌𝟏 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒌𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝜽 = 𝑭𝟎 𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕
𝑱𝒐 + 𝑴𝒍𝟐 𝜽+
𝑭𝟎 𝒍
𝜣= (𝟑. 𝟓𝒄)
𝒌𝟏 𝒂𝟐 +𝒌𝟐 𝒃𝟐 − 𝑱𝒐 +𝑴𝒍𝟐 𝝎𝟐

𝒎𝒍𝟐 𝒍 𝟐 𝟏
𝑱𝒐 = +𝒎 = 𝟑 𝒎𝒍𝟐
𝟏𝟐 𝟐

𝟏
𝑱𝒐 = 𝟑 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒌𝒈 − 𝒎𝟐

𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎×𝟐𝝅 𝒓𝒆𝒗Τ𝒎𝒊𝒏×𝒓𝒂𝒅Τ𝒓𝒆𝒗
𝝎= 𝒔𝒆𝒄Τ = 𝟏𝟎𝟒. 𝟕𝟐 𝒓𝒂𝒅Τ𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒏

𝟓𝟎𝟎×𝟏
𝜣= 𝒓𝒂𝒅
𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎×𝒂𝟎.𝟐𝟓𝟐 +𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎×𝟎.𝟓𝟐 − 𝟑.𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑+𝟓𝟎×𝟏 ×𝟏𝟎𝟒.𝟕𝟐𝟐

𝜣 = −𝟖. 𝟓𝟕𝟏𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒓𝒂𝒅

3.25 Derive the equation of motion and find the steady-state solution of the
system shown in Fig. 3.45 for rotational motion about the hinge O for the
following data:
𝒌 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵Τ𝒎 ; 𝒍 = 𝟏 𝒎 ; 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ; 𝑴𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑵 − 𝒎 ; 𝝎 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒓𝒑𝒎
𝒍 𝒍 𝟑𝒍 𝟑𝒍
−𝒌 × 𝟒 𝜽 × 𝟒 − −𝒌 × 𝜽 × + 𝑴𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕 = 𝑱𝒐 𝜽ሷ
𝟒 𝟒

𝒌𝒍𝟐 𝟗𝒌𝒍𝟐
− 𝜽 − −𝒌 × 𝜽 + 𝑴𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕 = 𝑱𝒐 𝜽ሷ
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
𝟓
𝑱𝒐 𝜽ሷ + 𝟖 𝒌𝒍𝟐 𝜽 = 𝑴𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕

𝜽𝒑 𝒕 = 𝜣 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕 𝟑. 𝟓𝒃

𝜽ሶ = −𝝎𝜣 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝝎𝒕
𝜽ሷ = −𝝎𝟐 𝜣 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕
𝟓
𝑱𝒐 −𝝎𝟐 𝜣 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕 + 𝒌𝒍𝟐 𝜣 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕 = 𝑴𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕
𝟖
𝟓
−𝝎𝟐 𝑱𝒐 𝜣+ 𝟖 𝒌𝒍𝟐 𝜣 = 𝑴𝟎
𝑴𝟎
𝜣=𝟓
𝟖
𝒌𝒍𝟐 −𝝎𝟐 𝑱𝒐
3.25 Derive the equation of motion and find the steady-state solution of the
system shown in Fig. 3.45 for rotational motion about the hinge O for the
following data:
𝒌 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵Τ𝒎 ; 𝒍 = 𝟏 𝒎 ; 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ; 𝑴𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑵 − 𝒎 ; 𝝎 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒓𝒑𝒎
𝒍 𝒍 𝟑𝒍 𝟑𝒍
−𝒌 × 𝟒 𝜽 × 𝟒 − −𝒌 × 𝜽 × + 𝑴𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕 = 𝑱𝒐 𝜽ሷ
𝟒 𝟒

𝒌𝒍𝟐 𝟗𝒌𝒍𝟐
− 𝜽 − −𝒌 × 𝜽 + 𝑴𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕 = 𝑱𝒐 𝜽ሷ
𝟏𝟔 𝟏𝟔
𝟓
𝑱𝒐 𝜽ሷ + 𝟖 𝒌𝒍𝟐 𝜽 = 𝑴𝟎 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝝎𝒕
𝑴𝟎
𝜣=𝟓
𝒌𝒍𝟐 −𝝎𝟐 𝑱𝒐
𝟖

𝒎𝒍𝟐 𝒍 𝟐 𝟕
𝑱𝒐 = +𝒎 = 𝟒𝟑 𝒎𝒍𝟐
𝟏𝟐 𝟒

𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎×𝟐𝝅 𝒓𝒆𝒗Τ𝒎𝒊𝒏×𝒓𝒂𝒅Τ𝒓𝒆𝒗
𝝎= 𝒔𝒆𝒄Τ = 𝟏𝟎𝟒. 𝟕𝟐 𝒓𝒂𝒅Τ𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝟔𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒏

𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝜣=𝟓 𝟕
×𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎×𝟏𝟐 −𝟏𝟎𝟒.𝟕𝟐𝟐 ×𝟒𝟑×𝟏𝟎×𝟏𝟐
𝟖

𝜣 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟐 𝒓𝒂𝒅

3.1 A weight of 50 N is suspended from a spring of stiffness 4000 N/m and is subjected to a harmonic
force of amplitude 60 N and frequency 6 Hz. Find (a) the extension of the spring due to the
suspended weight, (b) the static displacement of the spring due to the maximum applied force, and
(c) the amplitude of forced motion of the weight.
Given
𝑾 = 𝟓𝟎 𝑵
𝑵
𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒎
Find
𝑭𝟎 = 𝟔𝟎 𝑵
𝑾
𝝎 = 𝟔 𝑯𝒛 𝒂 𝒙𝒔𝒕 =
𝒌
Find
𝑭𝟎
𝒂 𝒙𝒔𝒕 =? 𝒃 𝜹𝒔𝒕 =
𝒌

𝒃 𝜹𝒔𝒕 =? 𝑭𝑶
𝑭𝑶 𝒌 𝜹𝒔𝒕
𝒄 𝑿= = 𝒎 𝟐 = 𝝎 𝟐
𝟑. 𝟔
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝟏− 𝒌 𝝎 𝟏−
𝝎𝒏
𝒄 𝑿 =?
3.1 A weight of 50 N is suspended from a spring of stiffness 4000 N/m and is subjected to a harmonic
force of amplitude 60 N and frequency 6 Hz. Find (a) the extension of the spring due to the
suspended weight, (b) the static displacement of the spring due to the maximum applied force, and
(c) the amplitude of forced motion of the weight.
𝑵
𝑾 = 𝟓𝟎 𝑵 ; 𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 ; 𝑭𝟎 = 𝟔𝟎 𝑵 ; 𝝎 = 𝟔 𝑯𝒛
𝒎
𝑭𝑶
𝑾 𝑭𝟎 𝑭𝑶 𝒌 𝜹𝒔𝒕
𝒂 𝜹𝒔𝒕 = ; 𝒃 𝒙𝒔𝒕 = ; 𝒄 𝑿= = 𝒎 𝟐 = 𝝎 𝟐
𝒌 𝒌 𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝟏− 𝝎 𝟏− 𝝎
𝒌
𝒏
𝟓𝟎
𝒂 𝒙𝒔𝒕 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒎
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝟔𝟎
𝒃 𝜹𝒔𝒕 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟓 𝒎
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎

𝟔𝟎
𝒄 𝑿= 𝟓𝟎 𝟐
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟓 𝒎
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟗.𝟖𝟏× 𝟔×𝟐𝝅
𝜹𝒔𝒕 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎
Or 𝑿 = 𝝎 𝟐
𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝜹𝒔𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟓, 𝝎 = 𝟔 × 𝟐𝝅, 𝝎𝒏 = = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟎𝟏𝟒
𝟏− 𝟓𝟎Τ𝟗.𝟖𝟏
𝝎𝒏
𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟓
𝑿= 𝟏𝟐𝝅 𝟐
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟓 𝒎
𝟏− 𝟐𝟖.𝟎𝟏𝟒
3.2 A spring-mass system is subjected to a harmonic force whose frequency is close to the natural
frequency of the system. If the forcing frequency is 39.8 Hz and the natural frequency is 40.0 Hz,
determine the period of beating.

The time between the points of zero amplitude or the

points of maximum amplitude is called the period of
beating and is given by 22
𝟐𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝝉𝒃 = = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟑
𝟐𝜺 𝝎𝒏 −𝝎

𝝎 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟖 𝑯𝒛 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟖 × 𝟐𝝅
𝟒𝟎
𝝎𝒏 = 𝑯𝒛 = 𝟒𝟎 × 𝟐𝝅
𝟎
𝟐𝝅 𝟐𝝅
𝝉𝒃 = = = 𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝟐𝜺 𝟒𝟎×𝟐𝝅−𝟑𝟗.𝟖×𝟐𝝅
 𝑵
3.3 Consider a spring-mass system, with 𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 and 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 subject to a harmonic force
𝒎
𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 cos 𝟏𝟎𝒕 𝑵. Find and plot the total response of the system under the following initial
conditions:
𝒂. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟎
𝒎
𝒃. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝒎
𝒄. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝑭𝑶 𝒙ሶ 𝒐 𝑭𝑶
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝒙𝟎 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒏 𝒕 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝒏 𝒕 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 𝟑. 𝟗
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝝎𝒏 𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐
For (a)
𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟎
𝑵
𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒎
𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑹𝒂𝒅
𝝎𝒏 = = 𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 cos 𝟏𝟎𝒕 𝑵
⟾ 𝑭𝟎 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝑵
⟾ 𝝎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑵
𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝟎 𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝟎 𝒕 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝟎𝒕 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟎𝒕
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟏𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝟐𝟎 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟏𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒙 𝒕 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝟎 𝒕 + 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟎𝒕
 𝑵
3.3 Consider a spring-mass system, with 𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 and 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 subject to a harmonic force
𝒎
𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 cos 𝟏𝟎𝒕 𝑵. Find and plot the total response of the system under the following initial
conditions:
𝒂. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟎
𝒎
𝒃. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝒎
𝒄. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝑭𝑶 𝒙ሶ 𝒐 𝑭𝑶
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝒙𝟎 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒏 𝒕 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝒏 𝒕 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 𝟑. 𝟗
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝝎𝒏 𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐
For (b)
𝒎
𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎 , 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝑵
𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒎
𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑹𝒂𝒅
𝝎𝒏 = = 𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 cos 𝟏𝟎𝒕 𝑵
⟾ 𝑭𝟎 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝑵
⟾ 𝝎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑵
𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝟎− 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝟎 𝒕 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝟎𝒕 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟎𝒕
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟏𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝟐𝟎 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟏𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒙 𝒕 = −𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝟎 𝒕 + 𝟎. 𝟓 sin 𝟐𝟎𝒕 + 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟎𝒕
 𝑵
3.3 Consider a spring-mass system, with 𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 and 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 subject to a harmonic force
𝒎
𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 cos 𝟏𝟎𝒕 𝑵. Find and plot the total response of the system under the following initial
conditions:
𝒂. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟎
𝒎
𝒃. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝒎
𝒄. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝑭𝑶 𝒙ሶ 𝒐 𝑭𝑶
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝒙𝟎 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒏 𝒕 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝒏 𝒕 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 𝟑. 𝟗
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝝎𝒏 𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐
For (c)
𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟎
𝑵
𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒎
𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑹𝒂𝒅
𝝎𝒏 = = 𝟐𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 cos 𝟏𝟎𝒕 𝑵
⟾ 𝑭𝟎 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝑵
⟾ 𝝎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝑵
𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟒𝟎𝟎
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝟎 𝒕 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝟎𝒕 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟎𝒕
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟏𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝟐𝟎 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟏𝟎×𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒙 𝒕 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐𝟎 𝒕 + 𝟎. 𝟓 sin 𝟐𝟎𝒕 + 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟎𝒕
 𝑵
3.4 Consider a spring-mass system, with 𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 and 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 subject to
𝒎
a harmonic force 𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 cos 𝟐𝟎𝒕 𝑵. Find and plot the total response of the
system under the following initial conditions:
𝒂. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟎
𝒎
b. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝒎
c. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝑵
3.5 Consider a spring-mass system, with 𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 and 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 subject to
𝒎
a harmonic force 𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 cos 𝟐𝟎. 𝟏𝒕 𝑵. Find and plot the total response of
the system under the following initial conditions:
𝒂. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟎
𝒎
b. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝒎
c. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝑵
3.6 Consider a spring-mass system, with 𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 and 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 subject to
𝒎
a harmonic force 𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 cos 𝟑𝟎𝒕 𝑵. Find and plot the total response of the
system under the following initial conditions:
𝒂. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟎
𝒎
b. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝒎
c. 𝒙𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝒎, 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎
𝒔𝒆𝒄
3.7 A spring-mass system consists of a mass weighing 100 N and a spring with a
stiffness of 2000 N/m. The mass is subjected to resonance by a harmonic force
𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟐𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 𝑵. Find the amplitude of the forced motion at the end of (a)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆 , (b) 𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆 , and (c) 𝟓 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆 .
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
Given
𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝑿
𝑾 = 𝟓𝟎 𝑵
𝟏 𝝅
𝑵 𝒂𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒂 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒄𝒆 ⟾ 𝝎𝒕 =
𝒌= 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟒 𝟐
𝒎
𝟏
𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟐𝟓 cos 𝝎𝒕 𝑵 𝒂𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒃 𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒄𝒆 ⟾ 𝝎𝒕 = 𝟓𝝅
𝟐
𝟏 𝟐𝟑
𝑭𝟎 = 𝟐𝟓 𝑵 𝒂𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒄 𝟓 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒄𝒆 ⟾ 𝝎𝒕 = 𝝅
𝟐 𝟒
𝝎 =? 𝑯𝒛 Steady state response is given by
𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝑿 𝒙𝟎 −
𝑭𝑶 𝒙ሶ
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒏 𝒕+ 𝝎𝒐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝒏 𝒕
𝑭
𝑶 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕
𝒙 𝒕 𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝒏 𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐
𝟏 = + 𝟑. 𝟗
𝒂𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒂 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒄𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒚 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕
𝟐
𝟏
𝒂𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒃 𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒄𝒆
𝟐
𝟑
𝒂𝒇𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒄 𝟓 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒄𝒆
𝟒
3.7 A spring-mass system consists of a mass weighing 100 N and a spring with a
stiffness of 2000 N/m. The mass is subjected to resonance by a harmonic force
𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟐𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 𝑵. Find the amplitude of the forced motion at the end of (a)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆 , (b) 𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆 , and (c) 𝟓 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆 .
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒

𝑵
𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝑾 = 𝟓𝟎 𝑵, 𝒌 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 , 𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟐𝟓 cos 𝝎𝒕 𝑵
𝒎
𝝅 𝟐𝟑
𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝑿 𝒂𝒕 𝝎𝒕 = , 𝝎𝒕 = 𝟓𝝅 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝝎𝒕 = 𝝅
𝟐 𝟐

Steady state response is given by

𝑭𝑶 𝒙ሶ 𝑭
𝒙 𝒕 𝒙𝟎 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒏 𝒕+ 𝝎𝒐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝎𝒏 𝒕 𝑶 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝒏 𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐
= + 𝟑. 𝟗
𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑺𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒚 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕

Thus the response of the system at resonance becomes

𝒙ሶ 𝟎 𝜹𝒔𝒕 𝝎𝒏 𝒕
𝒙 𝒕 ≅ 𝒙𝟎 cos 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + sin 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 + sin 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 𝟑. 𝟏𝟓
𝝎𝒏 𝟐
𝜹𝒔𝒕 𝝎𝒏 𝒕
𝒙 𝒕 = sin 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒕 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆 (𝟑. 𝟏𝟓𝒂)
𝟐
𝑭𝟎 𝟐𝟓
𝜹𝒔𝒕 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒎
𝒌 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
3.7 A spring-mass system consists of a mass weighing 100 N and a spring with a
stiffness of 2000 N/m. The mass is subjected to resonance by a harmonic force
𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟐𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 𝑵. Find the amplitude of the forced motion at the end of (a)
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆 , (b) 𝟐 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆 , and (c) 𝟓 𝒄𝒚𝒄𝒍𝒆 .
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒

𝑵
𝐆𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝑾 = 𝟓𝟎 𝑵, 𝒌 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 , 𝑭 𝒕 = 𝟐𝟓 cos 𝝎𝒕 𝑵
𝒎

𝝅 𝟐𝟑
𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝑿 𝒂𝒕 𝝎𝒕 = , 𝝎𝒕 = 𝟓𝝅 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝝎𝒕 = 𝝅
𝟐 𝟐

𝜹𝒔𝒕 𝝎𝒏 𝒕
𝒙 𝒕 = sin 𝜔𝑛 𝑡 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒕 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒆 (𝟑. 𝟏𝟓𝒂)
𝟐

𝑭𝟎 𝟐𝟓
𝜹𝒔𝒕 = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒎
𝒌 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝝅 𝜋
𝐚 𝒙 𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟓 × sin = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗𝟖𝟖 𝒎
𝟐 2

𝟓𝝅 5𝜋
𝒃 𝒙 𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟓 × sin =𝟎
𝟐 2

𝟐𝟑𝝅 23𝜋
𝒄 𝒙 𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟓 × sin = −𝟎. 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟖 𝒎
𝟐 2
3.8 A mass m is suspended from a spring of stiffness 4000 N/m and is subjected to a
harmonic force having an amplitude of 100 N and a frequency of 5 Hz. The amplitude
of the forced motion of the mass is observed to be 20 mm. Find the value of m.

Given
𝑭𝟎
𝑵 𝜹𝒔𝒕 =
𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌
𝒎 𝜹𝒔𝒕
𝑿= 𝝎 𝟐
𝟑. 𝟔
𝑭𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑵 𝟏− 𝝎𝒏

𝑿 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒎 𝝎 𝟐 𝜹𝒔𝒕
𝟏− =
𝑹𝒂𝒅 𝝎𝒏 𝑿
𝝎 = 𝟓 𝑯𝒛 ⟾ 𝝎 = 𝟏𝟎𝝅
𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝑭𝟎 𝟏𝟎𝟎ൗ
𝜹𝒔𝒕 ൗ𝒌 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒎 =? = = = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
𝑿 𝑿 𝟎.𝟎𝟐
𝑭𝟎
𝜹𝒔𝒕 = 𝝎 𝟐 𝝎
𝒌 𝟏− = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 ⟾ = 𝟏. 𝟓
𝝎𝒏 𝝎𝒏
𝑭𝑶
𝑭𝑶 𝒌 𝜹𝒔𝒕 𝝎 𝟏𝟎𝝅 𝒓𝒂𝒅
𝑿= = 𝒎 𝟐 = 𝝎 𝟐
𝟑. 𝟔 = 𝟏. 𝟓 ⟾ 𝝎𝒏 = = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟗𝟒𝟒
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝟏− 𝒌 𝝎 𝟏− 𝝎𝒏 𝟏.𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝝎𝒏

𝑭𝑶 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑿= ⟾ 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟎 = 𝒎= = = 𝟗. 𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟗 𝒌𝒈
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝒎 𝟏𝟎𝝅 𝟐 𝝎𝟐𝒏 𝟐𝟎.𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐

𝒎 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟏𝟑 𝒌𝒈
3.8 A mass m is suspended from a spring of stiffness 4000 N/m and is subjected to a
harmonic force having an amplitude of 100 N and a frequency of 5 Hz. The amplitude of
the forced motion of the mass is observed to be 20 mm. Find the value of m.

Given
𝜹𝒔𝒕
𝑵 𝑿= 𝝎 𝟐
𝟑. 𝟔
𝒌= 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏−
𝒎 𝝎𝒏

𝑭𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑵 𝒌 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒎= = = 𝟗. 𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟗 𝒌𝒈
𝝎𝟐𝒏 𝟐𝟎.𝟗𝟒𝟒𝟐
𝑿 = 𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝑹𝒂𝒅
𝝎 = 𝟓 𝑯𝒛 ⟾ 𝝎 = 𝟏𝟎𝝅
𝒔𝒆𝒄

𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒎 =?
𝑭𝟎
𝜹𝒔𝒕 =
𝒌
𝑭𝑶
𝑭𝑶 𝒌 𝜹𝒔𝒕
𝑿= = 𝒎 𝟐 = 𝝎 𝟐
𝟑. 𝟔
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝟏− 𝒌 𝝎 𝟏− 𝝎𝒏

𝑭𝑶 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑿= ⟾ −𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 =
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝒎 𝟏𝟎𝝅 𝟐

𝒎 = 𝟗. 𝟏𝟏𝟖𝟗𝒌𝒈
 𝑵
3.9 A spring-mass system with 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 and 𝐤 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 is subjected to a
𝒎
harmonic force of amplitude 250 N and frequency 𝝎. If the maximum amplitude of the
mass is observed to be 100 mm, find the value of 𝝎.
𝑭𝟎
Given 𝜹 𝒔𝒕 =
𝒌
𝑵 𝜹𝒔𝒕
𝒌 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑿= 𝝎 𝟐
𝟑. 𝟔
𝒎 𝟏− 𝝎𝒏
𝑭𝟎 = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝑵 𝟐𝟓𝟎
𝜹𝒔𝒕 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓
𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑿 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝒌 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑹𝒂𝒅
𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 𝝎𝒏 = = = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟑𝟔
𝒎 𝟏𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒄

𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝝎 =? 𝟎.𝟎𝟓
𝟎. 𝟏 = 𝝎 𝟐
𝑭𝟎 𝟏−
𝜹𝒔𝒕 = 𝟐𝟐.𝟑𝟔
𝒌
𝑭𝑶 𝟖𝟏𝑹𝒂𝒅
𝑭𝑶 𝒌 𝜹𝒔𝒕 𝝎 = 𝟏𝟓.
𝑿= = 𝒎 𝟐 = 𝝎 𝟐
𝟑. 𝟔 𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝟏− 𝒌 𝝎 𝟏− 𝝎𝒏

𝑭𝑶 𝟐𝟓𝟎
𝑿= ⟾ 𝟎. 𝟏 =
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎−𝟏𝟎𝝎𝟐
𝑹𝒂𝒅
𝝎 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟖𝟏
𝒔𝒆𝒙
3.10 In Fig. 3.1(a), a periodic force 𝑭 𝒕 = 𝑭𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 . is applied at a point on the spring that is located
at a distance of 25 percent of its length from the fixed support. Assuming that 𝒄 = 𝟎, find the steady-
state response of the mass m.
Force is just applied to upper 25% of spring length ‘l’
Springs are in series thus
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒌𝟏 𝒌𝟐
= + ⟾ 𝒌=
𝒌 𝒌𝟏 𝒌𝟐 𝒌𝟏 +𝒌𝟐
𝟒𝒌×𝒌𝟐 𝟒
𝒍𝒆𝒕 𝒌𝟏 = 𝟒𝒌 ⟾ 𝒌= ⟾ 𝒌𝟐 = 𝒌
𝟒𝒌+𝒌𝟐 𝟑

Force transmitted to m through spring2

𝒌𝟐 𝒌𝟐
𝑭𝟐 = 𝑭 𝒕 = 𝑭 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕
𝒌𝟏 +𝒌𝟐 𝒌𝟏 +𝒌𝟐 𝟎
𝒌𝟏 𝒌𝟐 𝑭𝟎
𝑭𝟐 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 = 𝒌𝜹𝒔𝒕 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕
𝒌𝟏 +𝒌𝟐 𝒌𝟏

𝑭𝟎 = 𝒌𝜹𝒔𝒕
Steady state response
𝑭𝑶 𝑭𝟎
𝒙 𝒕 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 = 𝝎 𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 𝟑. 𝟗
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 𝒌 𝟏− 𝝎𝒏
3.11 A spring-mass system, resting on an inclined plane, is subjected to
a harmonic force as shown in Fig. 3.38. Find the response of the system
by assuming zero initial conditions.
3.12 The natural frequency of vibration of a person is found to be 5.2 Hz while standing on a horizontal floor.
Assuming damping to be negligible, determine the following:
a. If the weight of the person is 70 kgf, determine the equivalent stiffness of his body in the vertical
direction.
b. If the floor is subjected to a vertical harmonic vibration of frequency of 5.3 Hz and amplitude of 0.1 m
due to an unbalanced rotating machine operating on the floor, determine the vertical displacement of the
person.
3.15 A spring-mass system, with 𝒎 =
𝑵
𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈 and 𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 is subjected to a
𝒎
harmonic force
𝒇 𝒕 = 𝑭𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝝎𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑭𝟎 =
𝟏𝟎 𝑵. Find the response of the system
when is equal to (a) 2 rad/s, (b) 0.2 rad/s,
and (c) 20 rad/s. Discuss the results.
3.20 In the cam-follower system shown in Fig. 3.43, the rotation of the cam
imparts a vertical motion to the follower. The pushrod, which acts as a spring,
has been compressed by an amount 𝒙𝟎 before assembly. Determine the
following: (a) equation of motion of the follower, including the gravitational
force; (b) force exerted on the follower by the cam; and (c) conditions under
which the follower loses contact with the cam.
3.24 Derive the equation of motion
and find the steady-state response of
the system shown in Fig. 3.44 for
rotational motion about the hinge O
for the following data:
𝒌𝟏 = 𝒌𝟐 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵Τ𝒎 ; 𝒂 =
𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎 ; 𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝒎 ; 𝒍 = 𝟏 𝒎
𝑴 = 𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ; 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ; 𝑭𝟎 =
𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝑵 ; 𝝎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒓𝒑𝒎
3.25 Derive the equation of motion and find the steady-state solution of the
system shown in Fig. 3.45 for rotational motion about the hinge O for the
following data:
𝒌 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵Τ𝒎 ; 𝒍 = 𝟏 𝒎 ; 𝒎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 ; 𝑴𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑵 − 𝒎 ; 𝝎 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒓𝒑𝒎
3.27 Consider a spring-
mass-damper system with
𝒌 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵Τ𝒎 ; 𝒎 =
𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄 = 𝟒𝟎 𝑵 −
𝒔𝒆𝒄Τ𝒎 . Find the steady-
state and total responses of
the system under the
harmonic force 𝑭 𝒕 =
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟎𝒕 𝑵 and the
initial condition 𝒙𝟎 =
𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙ሶ 𝟎 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒎Τ𝒔𝒆𝒄 .
3.30 A four-cylinder automobile engine is to be supported on three shock mounts, as indicated in Fig. 3.46.
The engine-block assembly weighs 500 lb. If the unbalanced force generated by the engine is given by
𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝝅𝒕 𝒍𝒃, design the three shock mounts (each of stiffness k and viscous-damping constant c) such
that the amplitude of vibration is less than 0.1 in.