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Calculator Techniques
Calculator Techniques
TECHNIQUES
CALCULATOR
101
This is the IDLE mode of your
Mode 1: calculator once
you turn it ON.
COMP
(Computation) This MODE is commonly used for
GENERAL CALCULATIONS.
This is the MODE used in computing
problems involving COMPLEX
NUMBERS.
(Complex) [ SHIFT ] – [ 2]
[ 1 ] – ARG (ARGUMENT)
[ 2] – CONJG (CONJUGATE)
[3]–r‹θ
[ 4 ] – a + bi
This is the MODE used in computing problems
involving STATISTICS and REGRESSION.
(Statistics) PRESS:
[ SHIFT ] – [ 1]
[ 1 ] – TYPE
[ 2] – DATA
[ 3 ] – SUM
[ 4 ] – VAR (Variation)
[ 5 ] – DISTR (Distribution)
[ 6 ] - MinMax
This is the MODE used in computing
problems involving EQUATIONS and
POLYNOMIALS.
Mode 5 : EQN
(Equations) OPTIONS (after pressing [ MODE ] – [ 5 ] ) :
[ 1 ] – TWO – UNKNOWNS
[ 2] – THREE UNKNOWNS
[ 3 ] – QUADRATIC
[ 4 ] – CUBIC
This is the MODE used in computing problems
involving MATRIX ANALYSIS.
PRESS:
Mode 6: [ SHIFT ] – [ 4]
MATRIX OPTIONS (after pressing):
[ 1 ] – DIM (Dimension)
[ 2] – DATA
[ 3 ] – MATRIX A
[ 4 ] - MATRIX B
[ 5 ] – MATRIX C
[ 6 ] – MatAns (Matrix Answer)
[ 7 ] – Det (Determinant)
[ 8 ] – Trn (Transpose)
Mode 7: This is the MODE used in GENERATING A
NUMBER TABLE based on ONE OR TWO
TABLE FUNCTIONS.
This is the MODE used in computing problems
involving VECTOR ANALYSIS.
Mode 8: PRESS:
VECTOR [ SHIFT ] – [ 5]
[ 1 ] – DIM (Dimension)
[ 2] – DATA
[ 3 ] – VECTOR A
[ 4 ] – VECTOR B
[ 5 ] – VECTOR C
[ 6 ] – VctAns (Vector Answer)
[ 7 ] – DOT
To CONFIGURE the SETUP of your
CALCULATOR
ENTER:
[ SHIFT ] – [ MODE ]
Configuring
1st OPTIONS ( after pressing)
Your
Calculator’s [ 1 ] – MthIO
[ 3 ] – Deg
[ 2] - LineIO
[ 4 ] – Rad
SETUP [ 5 ] – Gra [ 6 ] – Fix
[ 7 ] – Sci [ 8 ] – Norm
[ 1 ] - ab/c [ 2 ] – d/c
[ 3 ] – CMPLX [ 4 ] - STAT
[ 5 ] – Disp [ 6 ] - Contrast
CALCULATOR
TECHNIQUES
SEMICOLON
“:”
USING THE SEMICOLON “:” FUNCTION OF YOUR CALCULATOR
Past CE Board Exam Problem
A block of copper having a mass of 50kg is drawn out to make 500m of wire of
uniform cross-section. Given that the density of copper is 819 g/cm2.
1. What is the volume of steel in cubic centimeters?
2. What is the cross-sectional area of the wire in square millimeters?
3. What is the of the wire in millimeters?
Solution:
Π
ρ = M/V , V = AL A = (D2)
𝟒
𝟒𝒙𝑨𝒏𝒔
Input: (50000/8.91) : Ans/(500 x 100) :
Π
Press: [ = ] Display: 5611.67 cm3
Press: [ = ] Display: 0.1122 cm2 or 11.22 mm2
Press: [ = ] Display: 0.378 cm or 3.78 mm
CALCULUS
LIMITS
Evaluate the Limits:
𝒙𝟐 +𝒙 −𝟏𝟐
1. lim 𝟐 Answer: 7/5 or 1.4
𝒙→𝟑 𝟐𝒙 −𝟕𝒙+𝟑
Calculator Technique:
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 −𝟏𝟐
Input: in your calculator
𝟐𝒙𝟐 −𝟕𝒙+𝟑
Enter: [ CALC ]
Display: X?
Input: 3.00001 or 2.99999 ‘Set value very near the X’
Enter: [ = ] Answer = 1.3999964 ≈ 1.4
SECOND DERIVATIVE
Evaluate the Limits:
𝟏
2. lim 𝟏 Answer: ½ or 0.5
𝒙→∞ 𝟏+𝟐𝒙
Calculator Technique:
𝟏
Input: 𝟏 in your calculator
𝟏+𝟐𝒙
Enter: [ CALC ]
Display: X?
Input: 1,000,000 ‘Set value very near the X’
Enter: [ = ] Answer = 0.5
APPLICATION OF MAXIMA AND MINIMA
A closed cylindrical tank has a capacity of 576.56 m3. Find the minimum
surface area of the tank.
Solution:
Let: x = radius of the tank & y = height
y = 576.56/Πx2
S = 2Πx2 + 2Πxh
APPLICATION OF MAXIMA AND MINIMA
A closed cylindrical tank has a capacity of 576.56 m3. Find the minimum
surface area of the tank.
Solution:
Let: x = radius of the tank & y = height
y = 576.56/Πx2
S = 2Πx2 + 2Πxh
APPLICATION OF MAXIMA AND MINIMA
Solution (continued): Display: End?
Enter: [ 10 ] – [ = ]
S = 2Πx2 + 2Πxy & y = 576.56/ Πx2 Display: Step?
Enter: [ 1 ] – [ = ]
Substitute value of y to S:
X(time) Y(Money)
0 1
20 2
Enter: [ AC ]
Enter: [ SHIFT ] – [ 1 ] – [ 5 ] – [ 2 ] – [ = ]
Result:
B = 1.035264924
The Interest here is
i = (1.035264924 – 1) x 4 = 14.105%
COMPOUND INTEREST
If the rate of interest is 7% per annum, compounded continuously, after how many
years will a deposit be tripled?
Solution:
Note: Assume money = Y = 1
X(time) Y(Money)
0 1
1 1.0725
Enter: [ AC ]
Enter: [ 3 ] - [ SHIFT ] – [ 1 ] – [ 5 ] – [ 4 ] – [ = ]
Result:
^
3X = 15.69 years = 15.7 years
ANNUITY PROBLEM
A man wants to buy a car by paying a downpayment of P 100,000 and the balance to be
Paid monthly for 5 years at 18%. What is the monthly payment if the cost of the car is
P 600,000?
Solution: Solve this in your calculator:
Note: 18% effective is 18%/12 = 1.5% monthly = i
𝒏=𝟔𝟎 𝟏
𝒙=𝟏 (𝟏+𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟓 )𝒙
The equation of ANNUITY can be modelled in
𝒏=𝟔𝟎 𝟏
500000 = A 𝒙=𝟏 (𝟏+𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟓 )𝒙 500000 = A (39.38026899)
A = P 12,696.71371 monthly
ENGINEERING
MECHANICS
RIGHT ANGLE TECHNIQUE
The “Rec” and “Pol” Functions
PRESS:
PRESS
Solution:
Let: x = 4 and y = 7
Input:
[ SHIFT ] – [ + ] – [SHIFT] – [ 4 ] – [SHIFT] – [ ( ] – [ 7 ] –
[)]
PRESS:
Display:
[ SHIFT ] – [ + ] For “POL” Function Pol(4,7)
[ SHIFT ] – [ - ] For “REC” Function
Press [ = ] Display: r = 8.062257748 C
θ = 60.2551187 β
COMPONENT OF A 2D FORCE
Example.
In the figure shown, Find the x and y component of
the force F if F = 4000N and θ = 32.3o
Solution:
Applying the RIGHT ANGLE TECHNIQUE
Let: r = 4000N and θ = 32.3o
Input:
[ SHIFT ] – [ - ] – [SHIFT] – [ 4000 ] – [SHIFT] – [ ( ] –
[ 32.3 ] – [ ) ]
PRESS:
Display: Rec(4000,32.3)
[ SHIFT ] – [ + ] For “POL” Function
NOTE:
1st Quadrant: As is
2nd Quadrant: 180 – Angle
3rd Quadrant: 180 + Angle
4th Quadrant: - Angle or 360 – angle
Where:
Angle is solved by either the RIGHT ANGLE
TECHNIQUE or tan-1 (slope)
COMPONENTS OF A 2D FORCE
Example.
In the figure shown, Find the x and y component of
the force F if F = 4000N and θ = 32.3o
PAST CE BOARD:
For the forces in the figure shown.
a. Find the magnitude of the horizontal
component of the resultant.
b. Find the magnitude of the resultant.
c. Find the angle that the resultant
makes with the x-axis.
CONCURRENT – COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
Solution:
Enter: [ MODE ] – [ 2 ] ‘CMPLX MODE’
Press: [ = ]
Output: 25.00535054 + 24.69244943i
Press: [ SHIFT ] – [ 2 ] – [ 3 ] – [ = ]
Display: Ans r<θ
Output: 35.14234788<44.6392662
Resultant<θ = Summation of r<θ’s
a. Rx = 25.00535054 & Ry = 24.69244943 in Newtons
b. R = 35.14234788 in Newtons
c. θx = 44.6392662o
NONCONCURRENT – COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
PAST CE BOARD:
Consider the coplanar force system
shown.
a. Find the magnitude of the resultant.
b. Compute the location of the
resultant from the y – axis.
c. Compute the location of the
resultant from the x – axis.
NONCONCURRENT – COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
Solution:
Enter: [ MODE ] – [ 2 ] ‘CMPLX MODE’
Press: [ = ]
Display: 5.9927 + 12.9963i
Press: [ SHIFT ] – [ 2 ] – [ 3 ] – [ = ]
Display: Ans r<θ
Output: 14.31142<65.24538
PAST CE BOARD:
The force system shown consist of a
Couple C and the 4 Forces.
The resultant of this system is 500kN-
m counter-clockwise couple.
a. What is the value of P?
b. What is the value of Q?
c. What is the value of C?
NONCONCURRENT – COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
Solution:
Enter: [ MODE ] – [ 2 ] ‘CMPLX MODE’
Simplifying:
P(4/5 + 3/5i) + Q( -12/13 – 5/13i) = -80 + 20i
a b c
1 4/5 -12/13 -80
2 3/5 -5/13 20
Input:
X Y Freq
80 2 1
120 6 -1
20 3 1
240 6 -1
Enter: [ AC ] – [ SHIFT ] – [ 1 ] – [ 3 ] – [ 5 ]
Output: 𝒙𝒚 = -1940 kN-m
Mo = C – 1940 = -500
C = 1440 kN-m
COMPONENTS OF A 3D FORCE
Example.
In the figure shown, Find the x, y and z component of the force F if
F = 100N and passes from point A(0,0,0) to the point B(3,4,5). Its
direction cosines and the angle that it makes with the coordinate axes.
Solution:
Enter: [ MODE ] – [ 8 ] – [ 1 ] – [ 1 ] ‘VECTOR MODE – 3D’
Input: [ 3 4 5] Press: [ AC ] ‘VECTOR DIFFERENCE BET. B & A’
To get the angles it makes with the coordinate axes just take the inverse
cosine of the direction cosines above.
CONCURRENT – NONCOPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
Past CE Board Exam
A concurrent force system in space is composed of three forces
described as follows.
P1 has a magnitude of 100kN and acts through the origin and the
points x = 3, y = 4 and z = 2.
P2 has the magnitude of 60kN and acts through he origin and the
points x = 4, y = 1 and z = - 2
P3 has the magnitude of 80kN and acts through the origin and the
points x = 2, y = -3 and z = 3
Find the components of the resultant, its direction cosines and
magnitude of the resultant.
CONCURRENT – NONCOPLANAR FORCE SYSTEM
Solution: Input: 100VctA ÷ Abs(VctA) + 60VctB ÷
P1 = 100kN (3, 4, 2) Abs(VctB) + 80VctA ÷ Abs(VctC)
P2 = 60kN (4, 1, -2)
P3 = 80kN (2, -3, 3) Enter: [ = ]
Output: [ 142.913 36.203 62.121 ]
Enter: [ MODE ] – [ 8 ] – [ 1 ]
Input: [ 3 4 2 ] for VctA Rx = 142. 913 kN
Enter: [ AC ] Ry = 36.203 kN
Enter: [ SHIFT ] – [ 5 ] – [ 1 ] – [ 2 ] – [1 ] Rz = 62.121 kN
Input: [ 4 1 -2 ] for VctB This Vector is automatically stored to VctAns
Enter: [ AC ]
Enter: [ SHIFT ] – [ 5 ] – [ 1 ] – [ 3 ] – [ 1 ] Input: Abs(VctAns)
Input: [ 2 -3 3 ] for VctC Enter: [ = ]
Enter [ AC ] Output: R = 159.3378 kN
NOTE:
For REACTIVE FORCES all components to the RIGHT and UPWARD
are POSITIVE. All components to the LEFT and DOWNWARD are
NEGATIVE
Example:
Determine the Tensile Forces in each of the chords that support
the 200 lb weight as shown.
EQUILIBRIUM OF COPLANAR FORCES
CALCULATOR TECHNIQUE USING MODE 5: EQN (TWO – UNKNOWNS)
Solution:
PROBLEM:
Determine the forces in all
members of the Crane Truss
shown. Using Method of Joints.
TRUSS ANALYSIS
Solution:
For Triangle ABC:
By Sine Law :
α = 23.4120
β = 36.5860
For Triangle CBD
Θ = tan-1 12/6 = 63.4350
Input:
Applied Loads
a b c
X-
-cos23.412 -1 O
Component
Sin23.412 0 5200 Y-Component
Enter: [ = ]
Output:
AC = 13,087.55 lb (Tension)
AB = - 12,010.16 lb (Compression)
TRUSS ANALYSIS
Solution:
@ Joint B Enter: [ MODE ] – [ 5 ] – [ 1 ]
Let BC = X and BD = Y
Input:
Applied Loads
a b c
-cos60 -cos30 12,010.16 X - Component
Sin60 -sin30 0 Y-Component
Enter: [ = ]
Output:
BC = - 6005.08 lb (Compression)
BD = - 10,401.104lb (Compression)
TRUSS ANALYSIS
Solution:
@ Joint C Enter: [ MODE ] – [ 5 ] – [ 1 ]
Input:
a b c
-1 -cos56.567 [-13,087.55cos23.412 + 6,005.08cos59.998]
0 -sin56.567 [13,087.55sin23.412 - 6,005.08sin59.998]
Enter: [ = ]
Output:
CE = 9007.19 lb (Tension)
CD = 0.285 lb (Tension)
BEAMS
Solution:
Enter: [ MODE ] – [ 5 ] – [ 1 ] ‘EQN- 2 UNKNOWNS’
Let Ra = X and Rb = Y
Input:
a b c
8 0 397.5 Ma or Mb = 0
1 1 132.5 Fy = 0
Enter: [ = ]
Output: X = Ra = 49.6875kN
Y = Rb = 82.8125kN
Past CE Board
For the cable shown, determine
the angle β1 & β2 and the
forces in each segment and the
length of the cable
CABLES
@ Joint C Solution:
Enter: [ MODE ] – [ 2 ] ‘Complex Mode’
Thus,
CD = 2023 lb
Thus,
AD = 2961.19 lb
Display: ∑y ÷ n = Ῡ = 100.4545 mm
CENTROID AND MOMENT OF INERTIA
Solution:
Enter: [ MODE ] – [ 3 ] – [ 2 ] ‘STAT MODE – LINEAR’
Enter: [ SHIFT ] – [ MODE ] – [ ] – [ 4 ] – [ 1 ] ‘FREQUENCY ON’
Store Ῡ to ‘VARIABLE – A’
Enter: [ SHIFT ] – [ RCL ] Display: Ans A
Edit Data
Enter: [ SHIFT ] – [ 1 ] – [ 2 ]
C.G. OF EACH AREA
Y MINUS A AREA
FROM X-AXIS
X Y Freq
30 – A 30 60 X 200 AREA 1
60 + 250/2 - A 60 + 250/2 250 X 40 AREA 2
To get the Centroidal Moment of Inertia ( Igg)
Input: ∑bh3 /12 + ∑x2 ‘∑x2 is [ SHIFT ] – [ 1 ] – [ 3 ] – [ 1 ]’
Output: 40(250)3 / 12 + 200(60)2 / 12 + ∑x2
Enter: [ = ]
Display: Igg = 186.7287879 x 106 mm4
FRICTION
A 200lb block is in contact with a
plane inclined at 300 with the
horizontal. A force P parallel to and
acting up the plane is applied to the
body. If the coefficient of static
friction is 0.2.
a. Find the value of P to just cause
the motion to impend up the
plane
b. Find the value of P to just
prevent the motion down the
plane.
FRICTION
A. Solution:
Input:
Applied
P N
Load
a b c
1 -0.2 200sin30 X-component
0 1 200cos30 Y-component
Enter: [ = ]
Output:
P = X = 134.64 Newtons
N = Y = 173.2 Newtons
FRICTION
A. Solution:
Input:
Applied
P N
Load
a b c
1 0.2 200sin30 X-component
0 1 200cos30 Y-component
Enter: [ = ]
Output:
P = X = 65.35 Newtons
N = Y = 173.2 Newtons