Pg India’s #1 Learning Platform Sry va e Start Complete Exam Preparation raed aa resus Exerc D> Download App Question 1: View this Question Online > Evaluate the following statements about psychiatric nursing: 1. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder involving delusions and hallucinations. 2. Major depressive disorder includes symptoms of persistent sadness and loss of interest. 3. Bipolar disorder involves cycles of mania and depression. 4, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive behaviors performed to ease anxiety. Which of the following options correctly identifies the true statements? 1. Only 1,2, and 3 are true 2. Only 2, 3, and 4 are true fv 1,3, and 4 are true 4. 1,2,3 end 4 are tue Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4:1, 2, 3 and 4 are truecoaching India's Super Teachers for all govt. exams Under One Roof ees Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 1 Detailed Solution Correct Answer: Only 1, 2, 3 and 4 are true Rationale: + "Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder involving delusions and hallucinations ** This statement is true. Schizophrenialigyeharacterized by a range of symptoms, including delusions, hallucinations, and impaired func + “'Major depressive disorder includes symptoms of persistent sadness and loss of interest.“* This statement is true. Major depressive disorder is marked by persistent feelings of sadness and a lack of interest or pleasure in almost all activities. * “Bipolar disorder involves cycles of mania and depression.** This statement is true. Bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating periods of mania (or hypomania) and depression. - “'Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive behaviors performed to ease anxiety.** This statement is true. OCD involves unwanted and intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to alleviate anxiety caused by these obsessions. Conclusion’ * Statements 1, 2, 3, and 4 are correct. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder involving delusions and hallucinations, major depressive disorder includes symptoms of persistent sadness and loss of interest, bipolar disorder involves cycles of mania and depression, and OCD is characterized by repetitive behaviors performed to ease anxiety. India’s #1 Learning Platform Cee Rey tee) Start Complete Exam Preparation reac Practic eras Loreen) ieee rng Exod , » —f B Download App é 3 ————— Question 2:Match the following neurological disorders with their primary characteristics. Disorder Primary Characteristic rkinson's | 4 Resting tremor, isease * bradykinesia, rigidity g.fizheimer's | > Prooressive memory CO isease * floss, cognitive decli e@ ¢, Multiple 3, Pemyel fen oin le clerosis D. Pa tent seizures se the correct option: 1. A-2,B-1,C-3,D-4 2. A-4,B-2,C-1,D-3 3. A-1,B-2,C-3,D-4 4. A-3,B-4,C-2,D-1 Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: A-1,B-2,C-3,D-4 Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 2 Detailed Solution The correct option is: Option 3: A- 1,B- 2,C-3,D-4 Rationale: Parkinson's Disease (A) - 1: Resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity + Parkinsor's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system ns panes) e the motor system. Its primary characteristics include resting tremor, bradykinesia (slo movement), rigidity (muscle stiffness), and postural instability. + These symptoms are associated with the loss of dopamine-producing “oO ain. Alzheimer's Disease (B) - 2: Progressive memory loss, cognitive dec! Oo m\+ Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral chanives. It primarily affects older adults and is the most common cause of dementia. + The disease involves the accumiulat PBB oy plaques and tau tangles in the brain, leading to neuronal death and brain tissue lo: Multiple Sclerosis (C) - 3: Demyelination of nerve fibers + Multiple sclerosis (MS) is @ chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. Itis characterized by the demyelination of nerve fibers, which disrupts the normal flow of electrical impulses along the nerves. + Symptoms include fatigue, motor weakness, visual disturbances, and issues with coordination and balance Epilepsy (D) - 4: Recurrent seizures + Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. These seizures result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. + Epilepsy can present with various types of seizures, including generalized seizures that affect the whole brain and focal seizures that affect just one part of the brain. Using these detailed descriptions, we can see why option 3 (A - 1, B - 2, C- 3, D- 4) is the correct match. Each neurological disorder is accurately paired with its primary characteristic, ensuring a clear understanding of their clinical presentations. Tee a eu parol) Start Complete Exam Preparation eid Download App Question 3: View this Question Online > Match the following psychiatric medications with their drug classes.Intervention Pl A Pucztne Stabilizer elective Serotonin B. 2. Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) C. |Haloperidol 3. Benzodiazepine D. Lorazepam 4. [Antipsychotic Choose the correct option: 1. A-1,B-4,C-2,D-3 2. A-4,B-2,C-3,D-1 3. A-2,B-1,C-4,D-3 4. A-3,B-1,C-4,D-2 Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3: A-2,B-1,C-4,D-3 Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 3 Detailed Solution ‘The correct option is: Option 3: A- 2,B-1,C-4,D-3 Decor <0 Fluoxetine (A) - 2: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Nee + Fluoxetine is a medication in the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSR lass commonly used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and other mood by increasing the level of serotonin in the brain. + SSRIs work by blocking the reabsorption (reuptake) of sero} rons, making more serotonin available to improve transmission of xe jes. urons. Lithium (B) - 1: Mood Stabilizer + Lithium is a mood stabilizer used pri xe manage bipolar disorder. It helps to decrease the severity and frequency o ind stabilizes mood swings. + Lithium can also help to reduce episocies of depression in bipolar disorder and is one of the most effective treatments for preventing manic and depressive episodes.Haloperidol (C) - 4: Antipsychotic + Haloperidol is an antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia, acute psychosis, and for tics and vocal utterances of Tourette syndrome. It helps to manage symptoms such as. hallucinations, delusions, and severe agitation. + Itis a typical or first-generation antipsychotic that works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Lorazepam (D) - 3: Benzodiazepine + Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders, insomnia, and as a sedative before surgeties. It works by enhancing the effects of a natural chemical in the brain (GABA) to produce a calming effect. + Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed for their anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant properties. Using these detailed descriptions, we can see why option 3 (A - 2,B - 1, C- 4, D- 3) is the correct match. Each psychiatric medication is accurately paired with its drug class, ensuring a clear understanding of their uses and mechanisms of action. RA Rael Ree eo Start Complete Exam Preparation {a arsed Mock Tests Del Question Bank Exo B Download App Question 4: View this Question Online > Match the following types of therapy with their descriptions.Thera Ye Description Ibehavioral 1. hanging negative therapy hought patterns involves therapy [Electroconwulsivel . [sessions with B. are therapy ultiple articipants ses electrical C.|Group therapy | 3. [currents to treat evere depression involves therapy D. Family therapy | 4. Sessions with family oembee Choose the correct option: 1. A-2,B-1,C-4,D-3 2. A-1,B-3,C-2,D-4 3. A-3,B-4,C-1,D-2 4. A-1,B-4,C-2,D-3 Answer (Detailed Solution Below) , Oo Option 2: A-1,B-3,C-2,.D-4 NA Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 4 Detailed “oO? C The cortect options: A-1,B-3,C-2,D-4 ae eo A. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (A) - 1: Fo + Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) aimsto address and modify negative and distorted thinking patterns, leading to changes in behavior and emotional regulation B. Electroconvulsive therapy (B) - 3: Uses electrical currents to treat severe depression + Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) involves the use of controlled electrical currents to induce seizures in the brain, which can be effective in treating severe depression and other mental health conditions that have not responded to other treatments.C. Group therapy (C) - 2: Involves therapy sessions with multiple participants + Group therapy involves therapeutic sessions where multiple participants share their experiences and support each other under the guidance of a therapist. D. Family therapy (0) - 4: Involves therapy sessions with family members + Family therapy involves therapy sessions that include family members to address and improve communication, relationships, and dynamics within the family unit. Using these detailed descriptions, we can see why option 4 (A - 1,B - 3, C- 2, D- 4) is the correct match. Each type of therapy corresponds accurately to its description, ensuring a clear understanding of the purposes and processes involved. India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation reo ee lee i Creer Ex Download App Question 5: View this Question Online > Match the following mental health disorders with their typical treatments. Disorder Typical Treatment Apepression |1 feneereseane and sychotherapy ntipsychotics and B, Schizophrenial 2, ognitive - behavioral rapy (CBT) Bipolar 3, Mood stabilizers and Disorder _ | psychotherapy nxiety |, [Anxiolyties and isorder ehavioral therapy Choose the correct option:1. A-4,B-3,C-2,D-1 2. A-1,B-2,C-3,D-4 3. A-3,B-4,C-1,D-2 4. A-2,B-1,C-4,D-3 Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2:A-1,B-2,C-3,D-4 Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 5 Detailed Solution The correct option is: 2) A- 1,B-2,C-3,D-4 co Rationale: A. Depression (A) - 1: Antidepressants and psychotherapy + Depression is typically treated with antidepressants, sul sertraline, fluoxetine), and psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal therapy (IPT). B. Schizophrenia (B) - 2: Antipsychotic: con cha therapy (CBT) + Schizophrenia is primarily treate ipsychotic medications, such as risperidone or olanzapine, and may also include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to help manage symptoms and improve functioning C. Bipolar Disorder (C) - 3: Mood stabilizers and psychotherapy + Bipolar disorder is typically treated with mood stabilizers, such as lithium, valproate, or lamotrigine, and psychotherapy, including CBT and psychoeducation, to help manage mood swings and maintain stability. D. Anxiety Disorder (D) - 4: Anxiolytics and behavioral therapy + Anxiety disorders are often treated with anxiolytic medications, such as benzodiazepines or SSRIs, and behavioral therapy, particularly CBT, to reduce anxiety and address dysfunctional thinking patterns Using these detailed descriptions, we can see why option 2(A- 1,B- 2. C- 3, D - 4) is the correct match. Each mental health disorder corresponds accurately to its typical treatment, ensuring a clear understanding of appropriate therapeutic interventions ‘Top Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing MCQ Objective Questionsee eer Parte) PS Ela mere CC) Lda) arated mara (eres ea ris Pao Download App Question 6 Depression is a disorder. 1. somatoform 2. dissociative 3. schizophrenic M Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: mood Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 6 Detailed Solution The correct answer is mood. oO Key Points * Depression is a mood disorder. Cee ae ees View this Question Online > + Depression (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness thet negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. + Itis treatable. + It causes feelings of sadness and a loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed. + It can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems and can decrease your ability to function at work and at home. > Additional Information\Somatoform disorders are characterized by physical sensations and ‘ii caused |Somawptormtal illness. ‘Dissociative disorders are mental disorders’ that involve experiencing a disconnection and lack of continuity between thoughts, Dissoiiaeiveries, surroundings, actions, and identity. [Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe mental disorder that affects the way a person thinks, acts, expresses emotions, perceives |Schizeqstitanaad relates to others Pee re nae Pe lam exe n )(1e Ca ty Te Lda) Live arated aa sole Question Bank Exo 22 Download App Question 7 Phobia is an exaggerated or unnecessary form of 1. Fear 2. Anger 4. Love Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : Fear Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 7 Detailed Solution CBee eos View this Question Online >Explanation: + A phobia is an exaggerated usually inexplicable and illogical fear of a particular object, class of objects, or situation ‘ + The term ‘phobia’ is often used to refer to a fear of one particular trigger. + There are three types of phobia recognized by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). 1. Specific phobia: * This is an ¢, irrational fear of a specific trigger. 2. Social pri. ol ety » This Is a profound fear of public humiliation and being singled out or judged by others ina social situation » These kinds of people avoid large gatherings because of social anxiety. + Itis different than shyness. 3. Agoraphobia: * This is a fear of situations from which it would be difficult to escape if a person were to experience extreme panic, such as being in lift or being outside of the home & ear ea) PS Ela mere n i le Cee eli Cola) oa ac OR eR ce sta Download App Question 8 View this Question Online > Psychoanalytic theory was developed by whom? 1. Sigmund Freud 2. Jacobson 3. Franklin 4. Aristotle AR reitnes Solution Below) Option 1 : Sigmund FreudPsychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 8 Detailed Solution Concept:- + The concepts of id, ego and superego are proposed by ‘Sigmund Freud’ in his Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality. Freud used these three concepts to describe the three parts of the human personality and to explain the way a human mind works. According to Freud, the human personality is made up of three major systems: the id, ego, and superego. > important Points Another concept introduced by Freud was the “unconscious”. He conceived of the mind like an_ Iceberg, the tip of which is called the conscious, a small portion as subconscious and the rem: large portion as the Unconscious. Let's Understand in Brief: + The ID: + It is the unconscious part of the human personality that works to fulfil basic desir + Itis based on the pleasure principle which aspires for the satisfact anti desires. + The Ego: + It looks for rules and morals and resides in the unconsci + The Ego always postpones the desire and dis untilit gets the desired object. + The Super-Ego: « Itis the moral part of the personal as conscience too. It stands for perfection, rather than pleasure. id e + Itacts as a balance betweemic an Jo, it tries to figure the solution which does not hurt either id or super + Unconscious: » Areservoit of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that are outside of our conscious awareness. » Most of the contents of the unconscious are unacceptable or unpleasant, such as feelings of pain, anxiety, or conflict. » According to Freud, the unconscious continues to influence the conscious behaviours of the individual © KeyPoints + The deep-seated unconscious mind is the storehouse of all our memories and experiences. It is the centre for emotions and feelings and for all our behaviour and habits. + Freud proved thet through various psychoanalytical techniques which are also partly therapeutic like the free association technique or the dream analysis technique, changes can be brought in the unconscious mind.ee eer Parte) PS Ela mere CC) Lda) arated mara (eres ea ris Pao Cee ae ees Download App Question 9 View this Question Online > First line treatment of mania is 1 BBRagsiazepne 2. Haloperidol 3. Lithium 4. None of the above Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3 : Lithium Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 9 Detailed Solution Concept: Mania + Mania is a psychological condition that causes a person to experience unreasonable euphoria, very intense moods, hyperactivity, and delusions. + Mania (or manic episodes) is a common symptom of bipolar disorder. + A doctor will also likely prescribe a mood stabilizer, also called an “antimanic” medication. + These help control mood swings and prevent them, and may help to make someone less likely to attempt suicide. + Patients may need to take Ta: for a long time, sometimes indefinitely. + The doctor may prescribe li skalith, Lithobid) and certain anti-seizure drugs like carbamazepine (Tegretol) of valproate (Depakote). + Patients may need very close medical supervision and blood tests while you take these. EB Additional Information+ Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is elevated during mania. Lithium acutely stimulates the NMDA receptor, increasing glutamate availability in the postsynaptic neuron. + It takes about 1 to 3 weeks for lithium to show the effects of symptoms. + Therapeutic lithium level is somewhere between 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L oe & ee AB eu Bere) ROR eet Start Complete Exam Preparation Pe eOTy ac POs Exec D> Download App Question 10 View this Question Online > Obsessive-compulsive disorder is . 1. Dissociative disorder 2. Adjustment disorder 3. Anxiety disorder 4. ~~ disorder Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 3 : Anxiety disorder Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 10 Detailed Solution Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by the occurrence of unwanted, intrusive obsessive thoughts and distressing images which are usually accompanied by compulsive behaviors. Compulsive behaviors are carried out e'ther to undo or neutralize the obsessions or to prevent the occurrence of some dreadful event. © Key Points+ Anxiety disorders are disorders that decrease the performance or social functioning of an individual due to hyper-anxiety. Anxiety disorder can be of many types such as generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, somatoform disorder, etc. * Obsessive behavior is the inability to stop thinking about a particular idea or topic. The person involved, often finds these thoughts to be unpleasant and shameful. + Compulsive behavior is the need to perform certain behaviors over and over again. Many compulsions deal with counting, ordering, checking, touching, and washing. + People affected by the obsessive-compulsive disorder are unable to control their preoccupation with specific ideas or are unable to prevent themselves from repeatedly carrying out a particular act or series of acts that affect their ability to carry out normal activities. Thus, it is concluded that Obsessi mpulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder. + Somatoform disorders refer to physical problems which have no organic basis, for example, fatigue, headaches, vague body pains, etc. The persons suffering from this disease remain preoccupied with symptoms. + Dissociative disorders describe a persistent mental state that is marked by feelings of being detached from reality, being outside of one’s own body, or experiencing memory loss + Adjustment disorders are a group of conditions that can occur when you have difficulty in coping with a stressful life event. Example'the death of a loved one, relationship issues, or being fired from work. Tee a eu parol) Start Complete Exam Preparation cy Dat ec Download App Question 11 View this Question Online > Who has developed the Theory of Emotional Development ? 4. Sigmund Freud 2. Lawrence Kohlberg 3. Erik H Erikson 4, James Fowler4 etailed Solution Below) Option 3: Erik H Erikson Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 11 Detailed Solution Erikson covered human personality development in a series of eight stages that take place from the time of birth and continue throughout an individual's complete life. Erik Erikson’s Psycho-social Theory focused on the adaptive function of the ego and the development of ego strenath. There are some reasons due to which his theory is considered as stage theory: + Personality develops in stages in a pre-determined order, from infancy to adulthood. + Each stage has a psychological crisis, which could be positive or negative + Each crisis comes with its psychological needs which conflicts with the need of society. + On completing the stage, a healthy personality comes out along with basic virtues. Hence, there are four reasons behind Erikson's theory being a stage theory. stagh Psychosocial Crisis Basic Virtue Age 1. [Trust vs. Mistrust Hope Infancy (0 to 1) 2. \Autonomy vs. Shame will Early oh 3. [Initiative vs. Guilt 4. [industry vs. inferiority School Age (6 to 11) ‘ompetency Ego identity vs. Role Adolescence (12 to 5. Confusion Fidebty 18) 6. |intimacy vs. Isolation Love Young Adult (18 to 40) 7. |Generative vs. Stagnation Care | Adulthood (40 to 65) 8. [Ego integrity vs. Despair Wisdom Maturity (65) co go mae Age (3 to 6)ee eer Parte) PS Ela mere CC) Lda) arated mara (eres ea ris Pao Cee ae ees Download App Question 12 View this Question Online > What is the difference in Regular ECT and Modified ECT? 1. Low Volt shock is provided 2. Anesthesia is given 3. Muscle relaxant is given 4. Pain killer is provided ~ ‘Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 2: Anesthesia is given Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 12 Detailed Solution Concept: + Electro convulsant therapy - used to treat mental illness such as depression + Itis used for administration of anesthesia, muscle relaxant, and seizure eliciting electrical stimulus + Direct ECT - psychiatric treatment where the direct seizures is induced to treat refractory mental disorders + Modified ECT - Administration of muscle relaxant, anesthesia, seizure eliciting electrical stimulus Explanation: Basic difference between Regular ECT and Modified ECT Note -> Use of Anesthesia+ Nursing responsibilites vary from patient preparation to after care of patient: Patient preparation © Neuroimaging prior to ECT * Pharmacotherapy « Setting up necessary equipments and emergency apparatus for procedure » Post therapy monitoring f Parameters + Voltage 70-120 volts. + Duration 0.7-1.5 seconds. + Frequency: 3 times per week or as indicated + Total number: 6 -10 up to 25 may be preferred as indicated. + Indications - severe major depressiamog bipolar disorder & Additional Information Types of ECT: Bilateral ECT Unilateral ECT —Bifrontal ECT Unilateral ECT Clantena coll Ts stimulus Rear aca) Start Complete Exam Preparation ORC DR tera PROT eed mad DO Cielney Cres eairus Exo 22 Download App Question 13 View this Question Online > Autism occurs mostly in: 1. Infants2. Adults oe 4. Oldage Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 1 : Infants Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 13 Detailed Solution Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a developmental disorder impairs the cOmmuniéation, self- regulation, and social interaction skills of an individual. Important Points Characteristics of autism include: + Autism is a “spectrum condition’ that affects people differently and to varying degrees. + Itis an early-onset disorder that is present from birth and can be diagnosed as early as 2 years of agein the developrngntel stage, + Severe impairment in basi@social skills. + Presence of repetitive of behavior. + Problems or delays in the development of communication skills. + Problems with non-verbal communication such as body language. + Trouble in developing and maintaining relationships with others + Avoiding eye contact with others. + Under or overreaction to one or more of the five senses: sight, touch, taste, smell, or hearing, Hence, Autism occurs mostly in infants. eee an Ee la Start Complete Exam Preparation Ree eR eee ions rs Shes Poster) Cresent Download App & Quizzes Question 14 View this Question Online > All of of this is seen in anorexia nervosa except2. Myocardial hypertrophy G e 3. Electrolyte imbalance oe 4. Menorrhagia ww tailed Solution Below) Option 4: Menorrhagia Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 14 Detailed Solution Concept + Anorexia nervosa: itis an eating disorder occurs most often in adolescent girls. + The problem is found as refusal of food to maintain normal body weight by reducing food intake, especially fats and carbohydrates. + Sign and symptoms: « Extreme weight loss or not making expected developmental weight gains. + Thin appearance. Abnormal blood counts. » Fatigue. Insomnia. Dizziness or fainting. Bluish discoloration of the fingers. Explanation: O e + Complication in anorexia nervosa: Osteoporosis: A condition in which bones become weak and brittle. ot + The body constantly absorbs and replaces bone tissue. With is, new bone creation doesnt keep up with old bone removal. + Many people have no symptoms until they have a x e, Myocardial hypertrophy: gq + Myocardial hypertrophy is det san in ventricular myocardial mass. \ + In clinical practice and in ar ies, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) is often assessed by measurement stolic thickness of septal and LV posterior wall and may be associated with normal or dilated LV cavity. Electrolyte imbalance: + It occurs when you have too much or not enough of certain minerals in your body. + This imbalance may be a sign of a problem like kidney disease. © Additional Information* Bulimia nervosa: Eating disorder where the person will have binge eating + Pica: Eating disorder where the child eats non nutritive substances + Geophagia : Eating mud + Trichophagia : Eating hair & India’s #1 Learning Platform Start Complete Exam Preparation ea Exerc Cee eros Download App Question 15 View this Question Online > The 4 As of schizophrenia are: 1. anxiety, ambivalence, autism and affect disturbance 2. amnesia, anxiety, autism and affect disturbance © : 3. autism, affect convulsions, anxiety and amnesia 4. autism, ambivalence, affect disturbance and associated disturbance ~% ‘Angwer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4: autism, ambivalence, affect disturbance and associated disturbance Psychology and Psychiatric Nursing Question 15 Detailed Solution Concept:- ‘Schizophrenia: * A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and behaviors. + Those with paranoid tendencies are particularly prone to delusions of persecution + Disorganized thinking may result from a breakdown in selective attention. Hallucinations are sensory experiences without sensory stimulation, most often auditory. » They expressed emotions of schizophrenia are often utterly inappropriete, split off from reality.Explanation: + Bleuler's ideas on schizophrenia have often been summarized under the rubric representing affect (flat or inappropriate), associations, autism, and a these characteristics were fundamental to his concept of “Of © Additional information Paranoid Schizophrenia + Preoccupation with 1 or more * é fre ry hallucinations; cognitive function & effect remain mainly preserved Disorganized Schizophrenia + Characterized by disorgani: or& ae Catatonic Schizophrenia + Has at least 2 of the following features: immobility, excessive or purposeless motor activity, extreme negativism, peculiarities of voluntary movement. Undifferentiated Schizophrenia + Doesnt have any of the characteristics of paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic schizophrenia Residual Schizophrenia + A continued presence of negative symptoms. More commonly known as Pronounced symptoms,