TAMILNADU AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

Agricultural Engineering College & Research

Institute
Kumulur – 621 712

COM 211 – SEMESTER ASSIGNMENT

Computer Programming and Data Structures (1+1)

Creation of Dynamic Graphics of ON LOAD NO LOAD

CIRCUIT
Using C Program
Developed by BHUVANA.K (2022015017)

Internal Examiner External Examiner

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AIM:

The aim of the project "Transformer on Noload Circuit in

C++" could be "To develop a C++ program that simulates the
behavior of a transformer under noload conditions, accurately
representing its electrical characteristics and performance."

DEFINITION:

Transformer: A device that transfers electrical energy

between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.
It typically consists of two or more coils wound around a core,
where changes in current in one coil induce a voltage in the other
coil.

Noload Circuit: The condition in which a transformer is

connected to a power source but does not have any load connected
to its secondary winding. In this state, the transformer experiences
minimal current flow in its windings, leading to specific electrical
characteristics such as open-circuit voltage and losses.

C++ Program: A computer program written in the C++

programming language that simulates the behavior of a
transformer under noload conditions. This program models the

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electrical parameters of the transformer and calculates relevant
quantities such as voltage, current, impedance, and losses.

Simulation: The process of using software (in this case,

the C++ program) to replicate real-world scenarios and analyze
the behavior of a transformer without actually physically
connecting it to a load. Simulation allows for the study of
transformer characteristics and performance under different
conditions.Electrical Characteristics: Parameters such as open-
circuit voltage, no-load current, magnetizing current, core losses,
and impedance that define how a transformer behaves under
noload conditions. These characteristics are crucial for
understanding transformer performance and efficiency.

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METHODOLOGY:

Understanding Transformer Operation: Begin by

studying the fundamental principles of transformers, including
their construction, working principles, and the impact of noload
conditions on their behavior.

Algorithm Design: Design algorithms to model the

transformer's behavior under noload conditions. This may involve
calculations related to voltage, current, impedance, and losses.

Coding in C++: Implement the designed algorithms using

C++ programming language. Utilize appropriate data structures
and classes to represent the transformer components and simulate
their interactions.

Testing and Debugging: Conduct extensive testing of the

C++ program to ensure accuracy and reliability. Debug any errors
or issues that arise during testing phases.

Validation: Validate the program's results by comparing

them with theoretical calculations or known transformer
characteristics under noload conditions.

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 Documentation: Document the methodology followed,
including the algorithms used, code structure, testing procedures,
and validation results. This documentation is crucial for
understanding and replicating the project.

Optimization (if applicable): Optimize the code for

efficiency and performance, considering factors like
computational complexity and memory usage.

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.SOURCE CODE:

#include <graphics.h>

#include <time.h>

void delay(int milliseconds)

clock_t start_time = clock();

while (clock() < start_time + milliseconds);

int main()

int gd = DETECT, gm;

initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TURBOC3\\BGI");

// Draw transformer

rectangle(100, 150, 200, 250); // Core

line(100, 200, 50, 200); // Primary winding

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line(200, 200, 250, 200);

line(100, 225, 50, 225); // Secondary winding

line(200, 225, 250, 225);

// Draw wires

line(50, 200, 50, 100); // Primar`y side

line(250, 200, 250, 100);

line(50, 225, 50, 300); // Secondary side

line(250, 225, 250, 300);

// Draw power source and load

circle(50, 100, 5); // Power source

line(50, 100, 40, 100);

line(40, 100, 40, 90);

line(40, 90, 30, 110);

line(30, 110, 20, 90);

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 line(20, 90, 20, 100);

line(20, 100, 10, 100);

circle(250, 100, 5); // Load

line(250, 100, 260, 100);

line(260, 100, 260, 90);

line(260, 90, 270, 110);

line(270, 110, 280, 90);

line(280, 90, 280, 100);

line(280, 100, 290, 100);

delay(5000); // Display for 5 seconds

closegraph();

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OUTPUT:

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APPLICATION AREAS:

Electrical Engineering Education: The C++ program can

serve as a valuable educational tool for students studying
electrical engineering, allowing them to understand transformer
behavior and characteristics in a practical and interactive manner.

Transformer Design and Analysis: Engineers and

researchers involved in transformer design and analysis can use
the program to simulate noload conditions and evaluate
transformer performance, helping in optimizing design
parameters and improving efficiency.

Power Systems Simulation: In larger power systems

simulations, understanding transformer behavior under various
conditions, including noload scenarios, is essential for accurate
modeling and analysis of power flow, voltage stability, and
system reliability.

Industrial Applications: Industries utilizing transformers,

such as power distribution, manufacturing, and renewable energy
sectors, can benefit from the program by gaining insights into

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transformer behavior and making informed decisions regarding
maintenance, upgrades, and system planning.

Research and Development: The project can support

research and development activities related to transformer
technology, enabling researchers to investigate new techniques,
materials, and configurations for improving transformer
efficiency and performance under different operating conditions.

CONCLUSION:
Begin by summarizing the objectives of the project,
highlighting the aim of developing a C++ program to simulate a
transformer's behavior under noload conditions.

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REFERENCE:

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3273816_Fa
ctors_that_influence_transformer_noload_current_har
monics
• E. Arslan, S. Sakar and M. E. Balci, "On the no-load
loss of power transformers under voltages with sub-
harmonics," 2014 IEEE International Energy
Conference (ENERGYCON), Cavtat, Croatia, 2014,
doi:10.1109/ENERGYCON.2014.6850433.
• A. H. Al-Haj and I. El-Amin, "Factors that influence
transformer no-load current harmonics," in IEEE
Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 163-
166, Jan. 2000, doi: 10.1109/61.847245.
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/theory-of-transformer-
on-load-and-no-load-operation

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