CONVEYOR SYSTE

All rights reserved. © BBA

John Li
BBA.CA
 What is conveying ?
 Conveyor – mechanized devise used to move materials
in relatively large quantities between specific locations
over a fix path.

 Materials may be unit goods, bulk, or fluids

 Unit goods – eg packages, boxes, pallets, etc
 Bulk – sands, ores, minerals, etc
 Fluids –gas, petroleum products, water, slurry, etc

 Focus of this presentation is

CONTINUOUS BULK MATERIALS HANDLING
As an engineer consider:

Different types of conveyors

Different applications

Different limits
Different types of conveyors
•Belt conveyors
•High angle belt conveyors
•Screw conveyors
•Chain conveyors
•Vibrating conveyors
•Pneumatic conveyor
 Belt Conveyor
A continuous loop of material supported by idlers.
The most common conveyor, over long distance, large capacity used in
mining, terminal and industrials.

 A belt conveyor consist

of two end pulleys,
bend pulleys, drive unit,
idlers, blet and takeup.

 Continuous moving
belt carries materials
from one place to
another.
 Belt Conveyor
FEATURES

 Distance 10~5,000m up to 50 km
 Capacity up to 10,000 t/h
 Speed up to 6m/s
 Suitable for the most bulk materials
in various industries, including
mining, manufacturing, and
transportation  Not suitable for fine, dusty or
 The most cost efficiency overly free-flowing materials
 The most energy efficiency  Consume more floor space, less
than 25 deg inclined angle
 Comparatively silent and smooth.
 Spillage issue
 Reversible movement
 Belt tracking issue
 Belt Conveyor

Corumba iron ore project – 35 km overland conveyor

 Belt Conveyor

Iron ore belt conveyor in Baffin Island

Westshore Terminal Coal Belt conveyor

Belt conveyor in open-pit mine
 High Angle Conveyors
There are several types of conveyors that achieve high angles of incline
ie. –

Flexowell belt conveyors

Sandwich conveyors
Pipe conveyors
 High Angle Belt Conveyors
- Flexowell Belt Conveyors

 Steep inclined or
vertical conveying
system using flexible
sidewalls and cleats

 A flexowell belt
conveyor consist of
pulleys, blet,
tensioning device and
drive unit.
 High Angle Conveyors
- Flexowell Belt Conveyors

FEATURES

 Lifting 10~30m up to 270m

 Capacity up to 6,000 t/h
 Inclined angle up to 90 deg
 Suitable for conveying bulk
materials at high inclines, where a
traditional belt conveyor might not
be practical.
 Reduced plan footprint
 Reduced power requirements
 Quiet running
 Reduced maintenance
 Not suitable stick materials
 Screw Conveyor
Helical screw blades rotating within a tube to move materials along
the axis.
A screw conveyor consist of shaft blades, trough, cover and drive
unit.
 Screw Conveyor
FEATURES
 Capacity up to 1000 t/h
 Distance 1~15 m up to 45m
 Rotating speed 50~150 rpm
 Inclined angle up to 25 deg
 Simple operation
 Relatively low cost
 Smaller space requirements
 Can be fully enclosed (ideal for
dusty materials)
 Suitable for sticky (shaftless
type), powders, granules, high
temperature materials and
wood chips especially in
industries like agriculture, food
processing, and wood process
plant.
 Low energy efficiency
 Not for abrasive, friable and
large lump materials
 30-45% space utilization
 Screw Conveyor

Dosing screw feeder

Baghouse dust collector screw conveyor

Silo discharge screw conveyor

 Chain Conveyor
- Apron Feeder
Apron feeders are designed to feed lumpy, abrasive, heavy, high
temperature material at a desired handling capacity to downstream
equipment. The conveyed material is on many overlapping pans attached
to chains

A apron feeder consists of

apron pan, chain, tensioning
device, sprocket and drive unit.
 Chain Conveyor
- Apron Feeder
FEATURES

 Up to 14,500 t/h
 Up to 30 m long
 0.1-0.5 m/s
 Can handle large sizes or
wet, sticky, clay-like feed
material and high
temperature materials in
mining, and heavy-industry  Severely abrasive working conditions
applications.
 High energy efficiency
 Slow motion creates minimal
wear throughout the lifetime  low operational costs
 Bear high-impact loading  Allows better control on the feed rate
 Not for powder and fine materials
 Chain Conveyor
- Apron Feeder

Crusher feeding
Wagon unloading

Hopper discharge Stockpile discharge

 Chain Conveyor
- Drag chain conveyor
Drag chain conveyors use one or multiple A drag chain conveyor
chains or cables to pull material along a comprises scrapers, chain,
trough. They are suitable for heavy-duty casing, tensioning device,
applications and can handle abrasive and and drive unit.
high-temperature materials.
 Chain Conveyor
- Drag chain conveyor
FEATURES
 Totally enclosed housing,
 Capacity up to 400 t/h inherently safe
 Distance to 50 m long  50% space utilization
 Speed 0.1-0.5 m/s  Not for friable materials
 Inclined angle up to 45 deg
 Suitable for powder,
granules, high temperature
and other bulk materials in
heavy-duty applications such
as mining, cement
manufacturing, and power
plants.
 Simple design
 Relatively low cost of
operation
 Smaller space requirements
Chain Conveyor
- Drag chain conveyor
 Chain Conveyor
- Rake conveyor
Rake conveyor is designed for conveying
biomass materials. The chain drags transverse
placed rakes on the bottom of steel trough, fixed
to the conveyor´s structure and thus carries the
conveyed material.

A rake conveyor comprises rakes, chains,

casing, tensioning device, and drive unit.
 Chain Conveyor
- Rake conveyor
FEATURES

 Capacity up to 400 t/h

 Distance up to 50 m long
 Speed 0.1-0.5 m/s
 Inclined angle up to 60 deg
 50% space utilization
 Suitable for wood chips only
 Simple design
 Relatively low cost of operation
 Smaller space requirements
 Totally enclosed housing,
inherently safe
 Vibrating Feeder/Conveyor
Vibrating feeders/conveyors use vibrations to move materials along a
trough or conveyor pan. They are suitable for applications where gentle
handling is required, such as for fragile or abrasive materials.

A vibrating feeder comprises

feeding trough, springs and
vibrating motor
 Vibrating Feeder/Conveyor
FEATURES
 High reliability and low
 Capacity up to 2,000 t/h maintenance
 Suitable sand & gravel, cement,  Small power consumption
food & most bulk materials with
 Less wears
controlled feed rates, often
used in food processing,  Not for free flow materials and
mining, and recycling. sticky materials
 Small size, light weight, simple
structure, easy installation
Lower production cost
Vibrating Feeder/Conveyor
 Pneumatic Conveyor
Pneumatic conveyors use air pressure to transport materials through pipes or
tubes. They are often used for transporting fine powders and granular
materials.

A pneumatic conveyor comprises

gas mover, feeder, charger,
pipeline and receiver.
 Pneumatic Conveyor
FEATURES  5 to 20 times the horsepower
 Dense and dilute phases required by a mechanical
 Vacuum and pressure types system for the same duty
 Capacity up to 100 t/h  High pipeline wear
 Distance up to 3,000 m  Material degradation
 Inclined angle up to 90 deg  Not suitable large lump and
 Suitable powder, granular and sticky abrasive materials
(vacuum type) materials in
industries like food processing,
pharmaceuticals, and chemical
manufacturing.
 Can be fully enclosed (ideal for
dusty materials)
 Multiple pick-up points and delivery
points (combination type)
 Routing pipe to fit the available
geometry
 Summary of Conveyors
Capacity Max. Max.
Speed Space Suitable Not Suitable Energy Cost
Type Range Length Inclined Applications
m/s Utilization Materials Materials Efficiency $/t
t/h m Angle deg
fine, dusty,
The most common conveyor,
sticky and
Belt 10~5,000 up most bulk used in mining, terminal,
up to 10,000 0.1~6 25 20-25% overly free- high low
conveyor to 65,000 materials thermal power plant, iron and
flowing
steel plant
materials
powders, Power stations, Underground
Flexowll 10~30 up to granules and mining, construction material
up to 6,000 0.1~4 90 45-50% sticky materials high high
conveyor 270 / lifting other bult industry, steel industry, silo
materials feeding, waste recycling

Sticky, powders, The most widely used

granules, high abrasive, friable conveyors in the processing
Screw 50~150 1~15, up to
up to 1000 25 30-45% temperature and large lump low high industries for very small
conveyor rpm 45
materials and materials distances conveying such as
wood chips dust collection system

large lump, wet,

Severe duties, crusher feeding
sticky, high
Apron 5~15, up to powder and fine and discharge, wagon
up to 14,500 0.1~0.5 30 temperature and high medium
feeder 30 materials unloading, hopper discharge,
other bulk
stockpile discharge
materials
powder,
granules, high Cement plant, mineral
Drag 5~30, up to
up to 400 0.1~0.5 45 45-50% temperature and friable materials medium medium processing, chemical, food
conveyor 50
other bulk process plant, power plant
materials
Rake 5~30, up to other bulk
up to 400 0.1~0.5 60 45-50% biomass only medium high Wood process plant
conveyor 51 materials
friable, high
overly free-
Vibrating 2~10, up to temperature and Mining, chemical,
2,000 0.1~0.5 -15 flowing and high high
feeder 100 other bulk pharmaceuticals process plant
sticky materials
materials
Agriculture, cement and
powder, large lump and minerals, chemical,
Pneumatic 10~300, up
1~100 1~30 90 granular, sticky abrasive low high pharmaceuticals, paint
conveyor to 3000
(vacuum type) materials manufacture, and metal
refining and processing