7 -§ Gatlicean Alpecttto : DNIT= L — 5 Fu Loge umbet BCD wing fa J Euclideau algoitm Provicls a afpucah of prodiog 66D J Lan jrositivs jntegeet cheot aut Ved ae > ban officieut one/icd of Computing cd(a,) torthout having te factouge then. jositise Neonbecd oLoeiga tion wa Lions behing Systiwalie Cohet a, & ae Loge 3 Sutlidean teoun fools CCD tg Gacetcely obhipog divizsn algection Qnty fot Example’ Lontcolt (30,42) FQ = B0xa t+) Wing ltoision algoutho , & CETA ‘ gered (30,14) = (80, 5x2 ai (atch, t) = lab) = = (anit 50x94 12 7 32) ¢ = (la, ao") = (isi, 12) [ope i alviion - ae (a6) algovitha] 46 xa) 6) =(%0)=6 [agen a apblyng (30,74) =6 Oe abject a | Scanned with CamScannerZutliean algasithn Sep ’ apo, 620 Aw focr Git Falegas 1 aygunne 0 = (8,4) = (h(t, 4) iets oe (3084, 1944) = 4° uM u Scanned with CamScannerGlalimenl’ Euclidean | adgerithn: — tie flaged ib foe ab Le toe be Z J Une divitton adgectinn a Gace: as bing wth He? eee = A to Last 707 Us obtan ay gue ene (ab) 2 4) Scanned with CamScannerforckimendal Cheon gf atlhmele / Pe ___— —3 Na Purdamentél hea of aibhorel’C Ls an Ionpstout esullt cleo” Showt tbe peloret Qu thes Ancitdling Mocks ef A? inligew- ag Lan be —5 Galiment : doug jottve flies in sotition Uniquely ah a pooctuc $ wa loth Ibe patent _faclos loti Exempt’ 240 = QxR KAKA xBxS ool = FxM x13 Lora! of ak ade au porktive Inligesd | — chor (ab)-) and albe , then ale: Gocomnpl (345) eek amd g3lyxe '* 6/42 ale Scanned with CamScannertease Common onelltps Y g Bee Ge chet is fbivivibe Df! tem: Me Ligo povbe dnlaged on, jnbgee Panalus — pestve GY , ly ase aud Ls olonotid “Y at) Zaample: [isiar] =10S ~ [ae] 2 6 ape iT Scanned with CamScanner. © he fecergnlel aciny of obithelic: faseet Zoery festive Palaget Can be ln re co Proof) kak ut wate ref ty dntadiclion am siape inlis Lek ws assume ol Some he “a perno ge a es a joodct 10, \- n J: . Such d “A hot Met ee ee puodlack y fone . a tme chen we ous “4 i colich iv poduet J Pe Can cole n=Ox!l , L597 but conbradiclion 19 Oot aiseonlt nb Compeolt om ab ash 164 [Vi On! 12660 _ 4 chich bem and om Sy sera NTT pint ° Carmo Le cotiten 04 ie mas ) gk Gn be coctlin ot rode’ => a : leer speak 7 ao oxi te 2} 2 fem QA lorliadliclon to ous aksumplivn 1) 1 Boeup penile prliger Con be expusticeh at pnb op Aeonas- ——= Scanned with CamScanner2 dang hoes fom foe Now Show he jelowsatin as Suppose there ki a petitive fntigee fol orote Ahan One prime -faetoeszation thou fiom well audigy Putnuple ne hho Ps 544 Me —) bio R Ue G ae at jatenes lots Dee C Peet Pee) Uh WO Now we have Lo Show hts Aye dy, ber te akumte = #4, then ether fy >4, 0 A 64, Lohe Py) <4, P, <% Pi < 4% oe rr = bhai fom Corolla aA A, 14,4 °° Ge =) P) fn uacing Oo a Oo QA Conbiadilion b= 4, ma b= %: Scanned with CamScannerdodeuphin go Irtguet aud ths flarat unis” 2 fom bts frndarenrtal Meow f atte c toe Krow Lot t4 pesigve Pnliges Can bt wo len cenigualy a ths pucducr gf pore femal chown 44 dard Ly cleliverins Ms ts pions povlougelin 3 lave! ametlod f fireling * ‘ dn officier if the mumbu i 4elg ‘ AA — fot Example’ puima foolsr,zalion f Srnalt guumber ' 24 AG = IKAXAXS aA ealy : pulene faclirizalion of toiye rremlet : 42233 G42933.= FKAQX AN Buk Mes Bolt het- of Livigon Scort f puferes 33,5 Lb aioe ab pine 7 3 4 adduss Ubu wx ue an offiiat sn Collud furood’ foslorigation vuguiad fa felanzation f loge inligoss ‘ i faateyzation: > dtm corto Ubed 2 No: clecimet ag Time 5° 3-4 Mb 74 youd 00 Scanned with CamScanner> famali facloei zation uo boned pn lho fottowsing Lemma * Lemena: % 9 uu an cdl fresitrve integer, len thee it a bne-lo- ud Cocucsporolauet Lebwan facto facloci gation gf m ite too fe indigo aud dbffasuew ¢ i ae an +@ 4 a& ge hoo fowls Labiger ancl chun 12 ab = bel at a 2 Gheps 4 Cony out tte onetiod of femal facliu zation: |. book fe tue Solution of tts Cguotion ns xia? “y | Ls febect Guces of we fun #7 AQ Now LO frd foclbcazabiva qn wa fe Sues ee Sguineet g 7 “a a-n, (eer on) (2 ny) iy gus oral ap bee Scanned with CamScannerfaclbrize Cort using fora _frcleization plo ltt ay Sel n= bot7 frd (eore TFT by fera)-s Nbie—=Cleai X= 4F glut ale 1274 Cleoty 77 < Veorr J 78 Lonilusee Lt Soguenct : [at yen G2 M . aud putt tur pufect Squeut in Le Seg wanes : (m+ Non = 78-boi4 = 7 Not a prfech uot (" gin = far-bott 2G Na aw fuer Guat (443) ms Got bot = 32a Nola puget Huce git Loa? = 484 22a" ppafect” Syroes (2440 ce oT 2 za Now we Can Wik nerf whet ty a fort = gre aa. (2i-22)(sH28) =) bo = 54 «1038 petone faetecizetion]. Example a! faclorige 655% luting fanat- fostéi galeor n= bss# Gil (80-4) 28) fod fesse £ 8D9 lou (80:9) +82 Clolg gh 79 x88 [pote jpaolajzetr] whe Integr F224) aut Celli Be fumal Numbeh « — 3 and all ae format numnbet aut pol —j take n=0,1° * R= 3, 47%, holt, [ye ast = 65534 ae pe Scanned with CamScannercxomple’ Conxidles dhe femal Nernbe| 3) a * Fy = Mt = at) ghoutd be csilleneds an) neg 2D 1IRz2S St = ait) = té)7) Bank 41285 F Babe ase k = ashlsa 78 . Le ese = ax et) aud poor (ii) longfobr the fomnate Neb fo = oe be Py = hagpg2aed) = 4294967294 pes nig 27% ayer = 42G49bF84 F k= 4244949298 PO pubs at Scanned with CamScannerSyn (Ae canes ed aliskret es non bine Inlaged - Jhon £07 fonet ard f, ae selabioty pews numble F,, Gromple) Ma! WR Fy Fae = $17 Ae setalively i%4 " (5,127) ara = 17, a&FF ase setotivaly iw? . [17,2897 1 Exteci se pecttenet : I. wbing Ferns fueléization pclauige a: #3 &- 77404 Cc. #102) pore: > unntantty, fara aiotin Gn (oetay, Sareffieuel ig tear dbiffssices Lehocun Ht ctor facléit iy Bay taupe Sb rolsise 0 , ) 84 x= 37 ty Wew = eP-7109 =-l40 Not a pufeet cquone Byun + gg*- 0d +38 Not a parfeut square wenn gq - 7109 2H Not a pepe squat wy uaayen = 1-707 > 3d Not a pufet Aqua wy raten ewhettog 4h Nol a pufeet Aquent vi) prey = 927-1109 ass Not a pujeet Aquart vay ureyr-n = aah -t101 + THO Not a purfect square vil) Getten = aa? -TIod = NDT Not a paper Squat ix) vesyen ast- 1709 = 1316 Not @ papi squae wean ae™- Tod = 1507 Not a popet Aquat » = 1400 ay een? av 1101 Nob a pape squat : wally fom Hw above sxample doh w= TOT aye caw umdude that Finals fartarization db hows deeppictent iw finding pAime factors, This ae decaurt Jp nd the inilial * thy above ta aumpde hau tok finding WoAL thaw {0 Maurer Maps Fo, trope © Comidie 4°73, crosly by impertion , wt baw FO 2 InT9. The dipuunct between tt farlom (2) w In donge & unde such tar, Farmale a uo 5s alton. appeal Tokin Jungting Uwalior Yn take initial x, To fadorise wn, Fumals a th ‘eit hicks (hey inegon to Uhusk thay oe pe AG UO Scanned with CamScannereo Tntiocluckion 5 _ longue: Cong tuewut coe free aleuelofoed! YY Gault « Def a ard & ae Inligee, we Cay toot | au lorgpuut Lo & modulo 2 if am) (a2). witten ab ab (modm) Example 1; 9/ aa-4 > 9g = 4 (meld) Gxample & ° 4ala+s 9/3-(4) =) gb Grod9) > de coaching Lotth CP aad at if oflia astfel Lo Linslols Mew tole Gquolites- > ulte Pottosing fucpesilion is usecl L5 Liauslols . Poperilim: of a ard & du ‘nleget, Shen 2 2th (modm) ff tte Ls on Inltgee ko huch at a= &tkm- (Ped) Gselide 6 asee(med m=) ona-O Scanned with CamScannerfom dwsibslig if” / ak. 2abe . phon A intiges go kms a aes Gikm: Cai: Conversely if Hew “a an hnltages kK, totth Yor = abo 0 bk) =) kms ak cal an | ane =) ab (nod) Exarnpla |! ae 19 =-24+34 Zi 2824 (mod 4) a= 4.4k(4) 22=44Qa4 Prpection of Conguamit: 5 guste at cali ne eg pupeticn " Li) Refleniua Puppet: A a Ue an intiget dion asta (mod ) (iy Syrrmebic, popaty: Aa 8b an Inlet Guth leet Sele (onoelm) thon , & Sa (aod ) Scanned with CamScannerCit) hautilio feopnty gt at, awl. asale (me don JOM [mod ° 0 Intagest orth ae “a ot ¢ (mod on) Mato ay eccouce clowa at wa to m, leydacl antd 00 9 Inligae a pn nlttulo m uct Cleaset / ¢ ts tat Bel of inalegendt “ Loni toviay noth ohith difpewet> lets, bach anuluadl yon” ae arralia ‘ dmg a Laan Cong sence Closes gnodulo 4 t “8 _ [mvd4 ) 12 a1 ler we age. (ome) 0, tom: cuhich ae ALP) lget aith 23 O82 b 289-2 = x pip Ys i Theown aby on cae Bo m>o 2 ab nod 7) hon () ase £2 ote [mod ) (ii) a-c & G-e Conod) (ii) ae she (aod 7) Exconnfle) : Take a2 Ak, 622 mes Gobet ale (mod 7) gas anode) F s]20 wh Cede fi) aay 2 ada (mods) Ie 5/208 fi) aay Be 2-4 (mods) Ve 5] O fii) aaa acaylmeds) be $188 -8 Scanned with CamScanner Now tak = a ita¥ tostlé cohen Lous la dictdeel tye SS De tts aloue vhuoem Silke of te Congucstne! Lonel 20 = g (mul) dake C24 Loh 2 gly (mod 6 £2 (mod é) ‘psa . fe clivizion opeation he abpue aroun Obemt- hol. 3 Ya faliowsing wou giv Q Valid s/n when both Sides of a Congatuncs Me divided ty Be Gare fnligee* 2 Tsou: of a,b, 6 and m an indges 3 m>0 dle (ern) aol ace be (med) hen ately (med md) _Exomple * nis. deae bees wai VOSte chee C 9 (Cs )-d F acs be (uc) gone Se aoxe (med! 2/6 |c (920 =) dake C- 3 is]q0 Te Now (3°) = 3 . CE pt oye asset Scanned with CamScannerSn ligad FILolen * Ob Ab, ta and am ae S mdo, ae (moclon) 4 ease om don (i) ate Sbtd (ond ™) (") at bd [owoden) (in) ac se bel (med Example Tala 8 og “oe x = 10 God ©) 30 = pe (od) als foe 272° bao 6780 O" thon pi) goteo & 1° pc (weds) 5] so-as > shee ow ps (meds) =e | 007! a eg peices ah on liked Lo ome tive ame > x2 34,1599, 3161 languaut 501 fe x= 194, af 33 3 (ato , s 1, 3303 7 Qu longest ON her fed foe} x2 3,199 ae Secorgusels + iy ate Gi towers Scanned with CamScanner aOy dheowm' of bik anol m au inlgqus Kyo ) m>o aud ase & (mod eh lot “ aks: b* (mod) then eat ao~0 (navel ©) dake k=2 ~jen aks! gk [mad 0 ) > 30° 22 10" (mod) 400 £2. (00 (mod €) = 5 | 400 - 100 = s} 200: CRAKE! Copp ascencss Gf irnuebess eohth dliffesat redali: Theowrn: of adh (mod an;) , ab (anod ™, © a ele (ance ang) loheee ajb, 9) Me Me Indegess wth nj, 7» oy, poriius hon ab (nod [orm] )s tobae [ono me) 4 ma Len 7, Qu Exomple' 28 (rrod§); 4 2 (mod2 ) am, Me 4 “be Fuod Ceer l 2,4) yg medy be t/4-e Scanned with CamScannerCow loug If ak (mod 7), as p-lmnod,) + & (mod any) Gohan ab aw , nls aut and ay Mh? mye, At selably puime ppoonlirve flags! pon ake Jarod 97, mM ) Example Boe & (ood 3 a ol & ao © [mo vas BO ae ulotively PY aT go [mod 3c) =) ones (mode) je 15 aos Lingot Copier’ ts foun Dt: a Linck of ; - ns (moe) whet A ad a ‘ (o pwuce umkwoworn —nlagee > i Bled a Lirwst 7 din Ont Wosta ble « Nore: ge aA=Ad le a Slation fe a) Congtaanee anek (mein) § ip AF 2 then an, 2 ans & (mod? & | a, uw aoa Sh lulion of te Ope a 1 Scanned with CamScannernN DEI LAL IDRL EID x aM cd Gut gnemlet of o 5 We foltow'ng |. Compal M= mm ™M™ has & bmigue Q- pe ach 42 hd A Compu ge tM = my 7B 78) ; ms Scanned with CamScanner3. fo Xi = gy" nod any using A 4 Te integet Ls E Ay fot fe) to Exomple |! each fe },2.-% dompuli 2 if by euclrondinn algeith7 au poe mm 4 Zi opiate a Solulv rd. Mt pen Cog eet “ gncelulo 1 - ; lion x mod 1 i dw anigee Solute Me ye cages x 1( meds) ae a (mods) ox 3 (mot) Scanned with CamScannerNow ) 2 md) | gs lmodla = x @) = 35! mod 3 ~ gnod 3 =X #)2 amod3 al ase-| =) Kaa %a= Ge! mod ™, 35 mod = A mod 3 Hs = ai nod & ar! made 2 6/ aix-]) z= ! moe! £ xe) ) var! mod &= ) mod S By = Ys oned om, feces | % = 1s lonad # y]isx-) n=] # = | mod Now the Solution Le Ae stir of cir A ae EF OY 4 (mod) jer = (135-8 PAA F31SH) mod (Of pep pec [OS 52 mod 106 Sw uences, Eeetin > Solon tue ston af Cong a 2b (mod) a = 13 (mod ib) ate 9 (modal) af 14 (mod ac) x AS Scanned with CamScannerSpe of dineat Cog huni : Het yoo Consider Lhe fystins of moe 7 4 gum than Bas Chee fncoloing Lbs Came / of unkmontur as Gf Congest’ opus 24 Ca ee, . have fa Gums hewn: fale a/b, ¢,d,64 ard om ba alight bith m0 3 (Am)! ghee be ad-be her that Gen of Cong euente! antty & e (wed) Catdg & $ (moclm) hes 4 cnigue Solutio qmodulo 9m pon by a 2 B (ae -bt) farod 0) q= B (et -ce) [modm lahil Zi an frrce of A medlado an - NoTE! |) Te aloue approoch Lan be tree! Lahey chet as feo Congusutes in La Sysoue Of hte er rmbt, of Corgesut joe uke onallix method Li Solve Lhe Spots of orp Scanned with CamScannerpoxentesnis seaceernemyroe - bineat Congo! Chips Le Solut Syslims G__* } Gx pues kts pees Heo Ds dm 5 an Equivalent onalax gee Ax B (mod m) — dohew Ae an A, = 4n - im b> a 414, Gn | a b,, Bn) mr ap, a 2 Crd A= eth = ad-&be check (am d=) foe WIL exit 3 find B23 GRD coher BE jrvexe A nodule 4) 4. qgnuttiby —D wth A oom Both Bolg pax 22 Ab (med m) & helen) - Dus fepeiaeel ett bap hw mets lips rele on Lonvest- it lb positive Frlisges once 5 then ™ Hj, Ty os pecols a odd fae cori falagete thot” Oe ol bis Hanan Skdpgig Scanned with CamScannerpeoreplel! Golue Lhe sya of Linea! imps gat ty 5 (wed 2) aay sy 2% (med B) Sol Reprrsent tno abpes ye in Lt for an 213 A= pl mod m) [; lke i] qnod 1 - mr -I 7 | vod 18 = * 2 fl grod 3 4 Bt gral 18 =X Ze amd 13° . 13] tx-1 axed a dhe Solution Lo Ue goer Sysen of congue x AB (med) a 13 4] [5] JIB x ame [et] ‘ and | KE (44) gare 13 2 [72 hme W +2! x2 Fs] med 13 a [ft] ed RB: a2 = 14 2 fF ood 13 ya 4 aod 13 au Solubsont Scanned with CamScannerYS SEAGER Exampls 2: Solue Les Syston of ine Cornpessaces an, 154, tba, 23 (wed 4) gaya, 2 4 (mod) 4, 1 [arsodl-1) aie — Ad x, 44,13 ole he Fguivatent analitr tA ash) fr 3 / 20 ]f 8] = [yf 1a 3 xy I A= cbtn« (0-2) ce (6-184) = -h-as tay 2-6 Am) =! . fa D adja Z = -6 lod te 4 omod jg med # = * ~ 4 |-5x-) _, . [re -3 & xe4 aly A = [- o 10 4 1 71 x 4 ned 4 4 I x Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerExompled: Solus tue System of Congerertas x1ay & 3 (moda) sary BA (ood 9) Scanned with CamScannerbebsont a aed Gunite? aa So Cong wea na 2 pos antag Sa [one 5) BR) 4ary = 5(mee'#) aray (nod 4) Scanned with CamScanner