1) (a) What eye defect is hypermetropia?

(b) 2 causes of hypermetropia?

(c) Describe with a ray diagram how this defect of vision can be corrected by using
an appropriate lens.
Or
What eye defect is myopia?
2 causes of myopia?
Describe with a ray diagram how this defect of vision can be corrected by using an
appropriate lens.
2) (a) Draw a labelled ray diagram to illustrate the dispersion of a narrow beam of
white light when it passes through a glass prism.
(b) State the colour which bends (i) the least and (ii) the most while passing
through a glass prism.
3) (a) What is Tyndall effect?
(b) Give an example of a phenomenon where Tyndall effect can be observed.
© Which phenomenon is responsible for making the path of light visible?
4) (a) When and where do we see a rainbow?
(b) How is a rainbow formed?
© Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate the formation of a rainbow.
5) Explain with help of a labelled diagram:
(a) cause of twinkling of stars
(b) blue colour of sky
(c) delayed sunrise and delayed sunset
(d) danger signals are red in color
6) How did Newton show that white light of Sun contains seven colours using two
identical glass prisms. Draw a ray diagram to show the path of light when two
identical glass prisms are arranged together in inverted position with respect to
each other and a narrow beam of white light is allowed to fall obliquely on one of
the focus of the first prism.
Or
What is meant by spectrum of white light? How can we recombine the
components of white light after a prism has separated them? Draw a
diagram to illustrate it.
7) Due to gradual weakening of ciliary muscles and diminishing flexibility of the eye
lens a certain defect of vision arises.
(a) Write the name of this defect.
 (b) Name the type of lens required by such persons to improve the
vision.
(c) Explain the structure and function of such a lens.
8) What are the values of (i) near point and (ii) far point of vision of a normal adult
person?
9) Write the function of each of the following parts of human eye:
cornea; iris; crystalline lens; ciliary muscles; pupil; retina
10) (a) Define the term power of accommodation.
(b) Write the modification in the curvature of the eye lens which enables us to
see the nearby objects clearly?
11)Draw a ray diagram to show the refraction of light through a glass prism. Mark on
it (a) the incident ray, (b) the emergent ray and (c) the angle of deviation.
12) A star appears slightly higher (above) than its actual position in the sky.
Illustrate it with the help of a labelled diagram
13) What is atmospheric refraction?
14) What is scattering of light?
15) Name the part of our eyes that helps us to focus near and distant
objects in quick succession.
16) Why do different components of white light deviate through different
angles when passing through a triangular glass prism?
17) What will be the colour of the sky, when it is observed from a place in
the absence of any atmosphere? Why?
18) A person with a myopic eye cannot see objects beyond 1.2 m directly. What
should be the type of the corrective lens used? What would be its power?
19) A myopic person having far point 80 cm uses spectacles of power –1.0 D.
How far can he see clearly?
20) A person having a myopic eye used the concave lens of focal length 50
cm. What is the power of the lens.
21) The far point distance of a short sighted person is 1.5 meters. find the
focal length, power and nature of the remedial lens?