AIRCRAFT REVISION REVISION

CUSTOMIZATION DOCTYPES TITLE

TYPES DATE NUMBER
A318 A319 A321 09-10-00-584-002-A - Towing by the Nose Landing
IYE AMM 01-May-2024 54
A320 Gear from the Front with a Towbar
TAIL NUMBER - MSN - FSN:
Print date: 2024-07-16 22:08:40

** ON A/C FSN ALL

TASK 09-10-00-584-002-A
Towing by the Nose Landing Gear from the Front with a Towbar

WARNING: OBEY THESE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING MOVEMENT OF THE AIRCRAFT (TOWING,
PUSHBACK OR TAXIING). MAKE SURE THAT:
- THE PATH OF THE AIRCRAFT IS CLEAR OF PERSONS, EQUIPMENT AND OTHER OB
STACLES.
- NO PERSONS GO NEAR THE TOW TRACTOR, TOWBAR, LANDING GEARS, ENGINE
NACELLES OR BELOW THE AIRCRAFT FUSELAGE.
- ONLY QUALIFIED PERSONS ARE ON THE TRACTOR AND NO PERSONS SIT OR STA
ND ON THE TOWBAR.
- NO PERSONS GO NEAR THE AIRCRAFT BEFORE IT IS FULLY STOPPED.
THERE IS A RISK OF INJURY OR DEATH IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE INSTRUCTIONS.

WARNING: DURING TOWING/TAXIING OPERATIONS (LOW-SPEED OPERATIONS INCLUDED), MAK

E SURE THAT EACH PERSON IN THE AIRCRAFT IS IN A SEAT AND THAT THE SEAT BELT
IS FASTENED.
IF THE SEAT BELT IS NOT FASTENED, THERE IS A RISK OF INJURY IF THE AIRCRAFT S
TOPS SUDDENLY.

CAUTION: DO NOT TOW OR MOVE THE AIRCRAFT ON THE GROUND IF THE ENGINE COWLS ARE O
PEN.
MOVEMENT OF THE AIRCRAFT WITH THE COWLS OPEN CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE CO
WLS AND THE NACELLE STRUCTURE.

CAUTION: DO THIS PROCEDURE ONLY WHEN THE AIRCRAFT WHEELS ARE ON THE TAXIWAY. IF Y
OU DO NOT OBEY THIS INSTRUCTION, DAMAGE TO THE AIRCRAFT CAN OCCUR.

1. Reason for the Job

This procedure gives the instructions to push the aircraft rearward or to tow the aircraft forward with a t
owbar.
Refer to the subtask "Towing Limitations and Conditions" to know the applicable towing limitations and c
onditions.
You must do the towing operation on an applicable ground surface only (parking or taxiway).

2. Job Set-up Information

A. Fixtures, Tools, Test and Support Equipment

QT
REFERENCE DESIGNATION
Y
No specific AR CHOCK - WHEEL(S)
No specific 1 TOWBAR
No specific 1 TRACTOR (TOWBAR TYPE)
D23156000 1 PIN-SAFETY

B. Referenced Information

© AIRBUS S.A.S. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY DOCUMENT.

 AIRCRAFT REVISION REVISION
CUSTOMIZATION DOCTYPES TITLE
TYPES DATE NUMBER
A318 A319 A321 09-10-00-584-002-A - Towing by the Nose Landing
IYE AMM 01-May-2024 54
A320 Gear from the Front with a Towbar
TAIL NUMBER - MSN - FSN:
Print date: 2024-07-16 22:08:40

REFERENCE DESIGNATION
Ref. 05-57-00-200-001-A Aircraft Stability
Ref. 09-10-00-584-005-A Towing with Tires Deflated
Ref. 10-11-00-555-015-A Procedure for the Installation of Wheel Chocks on Aircraft
Ref. 24-41-00-861-002-A Energize the Aircraft Electrical Circuits from the External Power
Ref. 24-41-00-861-002-A01 Energize the Aircraft Electrical Circuits from the APU
Ref. 24-41-00-862-002-A De-energize the Aircraft Electrical Circuits Supplied from the Ext
ernal Power
Ref. 24-41-00-862-002-A01 De-energize the Aircraft Electrical Circuits Supplied from the AP
U
Ref. 29-10-00-863-002-A Pressurize the Yellow Hydraulic System with a Hydraulic Ground
Power-Cart
Ref. 29-24-00-863-001-A Pressurize the Yellow Hydraulic System with the Electric Pump
Ref. 32-00-00-481-001-A Installation of the Safety Devices on the Landing Gears
Ref. 71-13-00-410-010-A Closing of the Fan Cowls 437AL(447AL),438AR(448AR)
Ref. 78-32-00-410-010-A Closing of the Thrust Reverser Halves
Ref. Fig. Maximum Extension of the Nose-Gear Shock Absorber during Towing
Ref. Fig. N/W-Steering Deactivation Electrical-Box
Ref. Fig. Installation of the Towbar
Ref. Fig. Towing - Hazard Area - Towbar Tractor
Ref. Fig. Maximum Towing Angle with Towbar

3. Job Set-up
SUBTASK 09-10-00-941-083-A
A. Towing Limitations and Conditions
This procedure is for the towing of the aircraft in the maintenance configuration.
It is permitted to use this procedure to disengage the aircraft from the gate area for the aircraft d
eparture, but in these conditions only:
- A pushback with one or more turns or stops and starts.
- A forward tow without turns or more than one stops or starts.
Operational towing (for example, towing of an aircraft that contains passengers, fuel or cargo) fro
m the terminal gate or parking area to a remote location is not permitted.
SUBTASK 09-10-00-481-052-A
B. Safety Precautions
(1) Make sure that the CHOCK - WHEEL(S) are in position Ref. AMM TASK 10-11-00-555-015.
(2) Make sure that the safety devices are installed on the landing gears Ref. AMM TASK 32-00-
00-481-001.

NOTE: It is optional to install the landing-gear safety devices when you tow or push the
aircraft during flight operations (to put the aircraft in position for the flight crew a
t arrival or departure).
(3) On panel 110VU, make sure that the PARK BRK control-switch is set to ON.
(4) Make sure that the aircraft is stable Ref. AMM TASK 05-57-00-200-001.

SUBTASK 09-10-00-941-074-A
C. Special Conditions for Towing with Engine(s) Removed
© AIRBUS S.A.S. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY DOCUMENT.
 AIRCRAFT REVISION REVISION
CUSTOMIZATION DOCTYPES TITLE
TYPES DATE NUMBER
A318 A319 A321 09-10-00-584-002-A - Towing by the Nose Landing
IYE AMM 01-May-2024 54
A320 Gear from the Front with a Towbar
TAIL NUMBER - MSN - FSN:
Print date: 2024-07-16 22:08:40

(1) Make sure that the fan cowls and the thrust reversers are removed from the pylon(s) of th
e removed engine(s).
(2) Make sure that applicable blanking caps are installed on the disconnected pylon lines.
When the engines are not installed, it is necessary to tow the aircraft smoothly.

SUBTASK 09-10-00-210-073-C
D. Visual Inspection
(1) Make sure that the engine cowls are closed and latched Ref. AMM TASK 71-13-00-410-010
and Ref. AMM TASK 78-32-00-410-010.
(2) Make sure that dimension "H" of the Nose Landing Gear (NLG) is not more than 300 mm
(11.81 in.) when you tow the aircraft. If you tow, you can cause damage to the cams that
make the nose gear wheels go back to the center position.
Ref. Fig. Maximum Extension of the Nose-Gear Shock Absorber during Towing

SUBTASK 09-10-00-860-092-A
E. Aircraft Maintenance Configuration
(1) Energize the aircraft electrical circuits

(a) With the tractor (if the tractor has a Ground Power Unit GPU) Ref. AMM TASK 24-41-
00-861-002 or

(b) With the APU Ref. AMM TASK 24-41-00-861-002.

(2) On N/W-steering deactivation electrical-box 5GC:

(a) Set the ground-towing control lever to the towing position.

Ref. Fig. N/W-Steering Deactivation Electrical-Box

(b) Install the PIN-SAFETY (D23156000).

(3) On the upper ECAM DU, on the MEMO page:

(a) The N.WHEEL STEERG DISC indication comes into view.

WARNING: OBEY THE HYDRAULIC SAFETY PROCEDURES.

WARNING: MAKE SURE THAT THE TRAVEL RANGES OF THE FLIGHT CONTROLS SURFAC
ES ARE CLEAR. MOVEMENT OF FLIGHT CONTROLS CAN CAUSE INJURY TO P
ERSONS AND/OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT.
(4) Hydraulic pressurization

(a) On panel 400VU, on the brake-pressure triple indicator, make sure that the top gaug
e (ACCU PRESS) indication is correct: 3000 psi (207 bar). The pointer must be in th
e green range.

(b) If necessary, pressurize the Yellow hydraulic system:

- With the electric pump Ref. AMM TASK 29-24-00-863-001 or
- With a ground power supply Ref. AMM TASK 29-10-00-863-002.

SUBTASK 09-10-00-860-079-A
F. Lighting System and Communication System
(1) Lighting system

(a) On panel 25VU:

- Set the EXT LT/NAV switch to ON.
- Set the EXT LT/LOGO switch to ON (if installed).
Refer to the local regulation.
- Set the EXT LT/BEACON switch to ON.
- Set the INT LT/DOME switch to BRT.
© AIRBUS S.A.S. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY DOCUMENT.
 AIRCRAFT REVISION REVISION
CUSTOMIZATION DOCTYPES TITLE
TYPES DATE NUMBER
A318 A319 A321 09-10-00-584-002-A - Towing by the Nose Landing
IYE AMM 01-May-2024 54
A320 Gear from the Front with a Towbar
TAIL NUMBER - MSN - FSN:
Print date: 2024-07-16 22:08:40

(2) Communication systems

(a) VHF system

If communication is necessary between the aircraft and the control tower:
- On RMP (Radio Management Panel) 11VU, push the VHF1 pushbutton switch.
- On panel 60VU, connect a boomset.

(b) Flight interphone system

- On panel 108VU, connect a boomset to the FLT INT socket. This lets you spea
k to the cockpit.

SUBTASK 09-10-00-480-060-A
G. Installation of the Towbar

CAUTION: MAKE SURE THAT THE TOWBAR HAS:

- A DAMPING SYSTEM
- A ROTATING TOWEYE
- APPLICABLE AND CALIBRATED SHEAR PIN(S).
THIS IS TO PREVENT HIGH LOADS WHICH CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE LA
NDING GEAR.
(1) Use a towbar that agrees with the SAE ARP 1915 or ISO 9667 standard.
(2) For the requirements related to towbar shear pins and towbar tractor weights, refer to AC
5-8-0.
Use a tractor with a limited drawbar pull to prevent loads above the tow-bar shear-pin cap
acity
(3) Put the TRACTOR (TOWBAR TYPE) in position in front of the NLG, aligned with the aircraft c
enterline.
(4) Install the TOWBAR on the tow fitting.
Ref. Fig. Installation of the Towbar
(5) Connect the TOWBAR to the TRACTOR (TOWBAR TYPE).
(6) Apply the TRACTOR (TOWBAR TYPE) parking brake.
(7) Remove the CHOCK - WHEEL(S) from the main and nose landing-gear wheels.
(8) On panel 110VU, set the PARK BRK control-switch to OFF.

(a) On panel 400VU, on the brake-pressure triple indicator, make sure that the left and r
ight brake pressures are released.

4. Procedure
SUBTASK 09-10-00-584-064-A
A. Towing

CAUTION: PUT THE PARK BRK CONTROL SWITCH IN THE OFF POSITION BEFORE YOU
TOW OR PUSH BACK THE AIRCRAFT.
THIS IS TO PREVENT HIGH LOADS WHICH CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE NO
SE LANDING GEAR.
(1) During the towing operations:
- One person must be in the cockpit to operate the brake pedals if necessary
- Each person in the cockpit or cabin must be on their seats and attach the seat belts
- Two persons must monitor the wing tips if necessary.
(2) During the towing operations:

(a) On panel 400VU, on the brake-pressure triple indicator, make sure that the top gaug
e (ACCU PRESS) indication is correct: 3000 psi (207 bar).
The pointer must be in the green range.
© AIRBUS S.A.S. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY DOCUMENT.
 AIRCRAFT REVISION REVISION
CUSTOMIZATION DOCTYPES TITLE
TYPES DATE NUMBER
A318 A319 A321 09-10-00-584-002-A - Towing by the Nose Landing
IYE AMM 01-May-2024 54
A320 Gear from the Front with a Towbar
TAIL NUMBER - MSN - FSN:
Print date: 2024-07-16 22:08:40

(b) If necessary, pressurize the Yellow hydraulic system Ref. AMM TASK 29-24-00-863-0
01.
(3) All persons must be at a minimum distance of 3 m (10 ft.) from the wheels and the TRACT
OR (TOWBAR TYPE) while the aircraft moves.
Ref. Fig. Towing - Hazard Area - Towbar Tractor
The shock absorber reaction can cause the aircraft to move forward and rearward when yo
u stop the wheels.
(4) Tow the aircraft smoothly and slowly:

(a) Tow the aircraft smoothly and slowly when you turn with the NLG. Sudden and fast t
urns can cause the shear pin in the TOWBAR to break.

(b) Tow the aircraft smoothly and at low speed when the cabin and/or cargo-compartme
nt floor panels are removed.

(c) Speed Limits:

1 If the passenger/crew and cargo doors are closed and locked or removed:
- For the TRACTOR (TOWBAR TYPE), a maximum speed of 25 km/h (15.5
mph) is permitted.

2 If the passenger/crew doors are fully open and locked and/or the cargo doors
are open in the vertical position:
- The maximum permitted speed is 10 km/h (6.2 mph).

3 In wind conditions, calculate the permitted towing speed before towing:

- Measure the wind speed.
- Subtract the measured wind speed from the wind speed limit shown on
the stability curve. This gives the maximum permitted towing speed.

4 If the tires are deflated, Ref. AMM TASK 09-10-00-584-005.

SUBTASK 09-10-00-584-076-A
B. Approximate Towing Loads
(1) Approximate towing forces:

TOWING CONDITIONS TOWING FORCES

BREAKAWAY 4% MRW
ROLLING 3% MRW
BREAKAWAY ON SLOPE 6% MRW +1% MRW PER 1% SLOPE
ROLLING ON SLOPE 3% MRW +1% MRW PER 1% SLOPE

NOTE: MRW = Maximum Ramp Weight.

(2) Use these coefficients for the friction between the tires of the tow tractor and the ground t
o calculate the tow tractor weight:
Dry concrete or asphalt: 0.80
Wet asphalt : 0.75
Wet concrete : 0.57
Hard snow : 0.20
Ice : 0.05

SUBTASK 09-10-00-584-066-A
C. Steering Angle (Alpha)
Ref. Fig. Maximum Towing Angle with Towbar
(1) The maximum permitted steering-angle on each side of the aircraft centerline is +/- 95 de
g.
© AIRBUS S.A.S. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY DOCUMENT.
 AIRCRAFT REVISION REVISION
CUSTOMIZATION DOCTYPES TITLE
TYPES DATE NUMBER
A318 A319 A321 09-10-00-584-002-A - Towing by the Nose Landing
IYE AMM 01-May-2024 54
A320 Gear from the Front with a Towbar
TAIL NUMBER - MSN - FSN:
Print date: 2024-07-16 22:08:40

(2) For aircraft with steering-angle marking on NLG doors or on the fuselage, the maximum to
wing angle must not be more than the angle shown.

5. Close-up
SUBTASK 09-10-00-210-058-A
A. Visual Inspection
(1) After you complete the towing operation, make sure that the nose wheels are aligned with
the aircraft centerline.

SUBTASK 09-10-00-080-067-A
B. Removal of the Towbar
(1) Apply and hold the TRACTOR (TOWBAR TYPE) service brake.
(2) On panel 110VU, set the PARK BRK control-switch to ON.

(a) On panel 400VU, on the brake-pressure triple indicator, make sure that the left and r
ight brake pressures are approximately 2100 psi (145 bar).
(3) Put the CHOCK - WHEEL(S) in position on the Main Landing Gear (MLG) Ref. AMM TASK 10
-11-00-555-015.
(4) Release the TRACTOR (TOWBAR TYPE) service brake.
(5) Remove the TOWBAR from the TRACTOR (TOWBAR TYPE).
(6) Remove the TOWBAR from the fitting of the NLG.
(7) Remove the PIN-SAFETY (D23156000) and make sure that the ground-towing lever goes t
o its initial position.
Ref. Fig. N/W-Steering Deactivation Electrical-Box
(8) On the upper ECAM DU, on the MEMO page:
- The N.WHEEL STEERG DISC indication goes out of view.
(9) Put CHOCK - WHEEL(S) in position in front of and behind the NLG wheels if necessary.

SUBTASK 09-10-00-860-088-A
C. Lighting System and Communication System
(1) Lighting system

(a) On panel 25VU:

- Set the EXT LT/NAV switch to OFF.
- Set the EXT LT/LOGO switch to OFF (if installed).
- Set the EXT LT/BEACON switch to OFF.
- Set the INT LT/DOME switch to OFF.
(2) Communication systems

(a) VHF system

- On panel 60VU, disconnect the boomset.
- Release the VHF1 pushbutton switch if there is communication between the co
ntrol tower and the cockpit.

(b) Flight interphone system

- On panel 108VU, disconnect the boomset.

SUBTASK 09-10-00-862-060-A
D. Put the Aircraft back to its Initial Configuration
(1) De-energize the aircraft electrical circuits

(a) If you energized the aircraft with the tractor (if the tractor has a GPU) Ref. AMM TAS
K 24-41-00-862-002.

© AIRBUS S.A.S. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY DOCUMENT.

 AIRCRAFT REVISION REVISION
CUSTOMIZATION DOCTYPES TITLE
TYPES DATE NUMBER
A318 A319 A321 09-10-00-584-002-A - Towing by the Nose Landing
IYE AMM 01-May-2024 54
A320 Gear from the Front with a Towbar
TAIL NUMBER - MSN - FSN:
Print date: 2024-07-16 22:08:40

(b) If the aircraft was energized with the APU Ref. AMM TASK 24-41-00-862-002.

© AIRBUS S.A.S. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY DOCUMENT.

 AIRCRAFT REVISION REVISION
CUSTOMIZATION DOCTYPES TITLE
TYPES DATE NUMBER
A318 A319 A321 09-10-00-584-002-A - Towing by the Nose Landing
IYE AMM 01-May-2024 54
A320 Gear from the Front with a Towbar
TAIL NUMBER - MSN - FSN:
Print date: 2024-07-16 22:08:40

Figure 09-10-00-991-01900-00-A (SHEET 1) - Maximum Extension of the Nose-Gear Shock Absorber during
Towing
** ON A/C FSN ALL

© AIRBUS S.A.S. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY DOCUMENT.

 AIRCRAFT REVISION REVISION
CUSTOMIZATION DOCTYPES TITLE
TYPES DATE NUMBER
A318 A319 A321 09-10-00-584-002-A - Towing by the Nose Landing
IYE AMM 01-May-2024 54
A320 Gear from the Front with a Towbar
TAIL NUMBER - MSN - FSN:
Print date: 2024-07-16 22:08:40

TOWING LEVER

NORMAL POSITION
(NOSE WHEEL STEERING
OPERATIONAL)

TOWING POSITION
(NOSE WHEEL STEERING
DEACTIVATED)

SAFETY PIN
(TOWING POSITION)

N_MM_091000_2_AGM0_01_01

Figure 09-10-00-991-00500-00-A (SHEET 1) - N/W-Steering Deactivation Electrical-Box

** ON A/C FSN ALL

© AIRBUS S.A.S. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY DOCUMENT.

 AIRCRAFT REVISION REVISION
CUSTOMIZATION DOCTYPES TITLE
TYPES DATE NUMBER
A318 A319 A321 09-10-00-584-002-A - Towing by the Nose Landing
IYE AMM 01-May-2024 54
A320 Gear from the Front with a Towbar
TAIL NUMBER - MSN - FSN:
Print date: 2024-07-16 22:08:40

Figure 09-10-00-991-02700-00-A (SHEET 1) - Installation of the Towbar

** ON A/C FSN ALL

© AIRBUS S.A.S. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY DOCUMENT.

 AIRCRAFT REVISION REVISION
CUSTOMIZATION DOCTYPES TITLE
TYPES DATE NUMBER
A318 A319 A321 09-10-00-584-002-A - Towing by the Nose Landing
IYE AMM 01-May-2024 54
A320 Gear from the Front with a Towbar
TAIL NUMBER - MSN - FSN:
Print date: 2024-07-16 22:08:40

Figure 09-10-00-991-02000-00-A (SHEET 1) - Towing - Hazard Area - Towbar Tractor

** ON A/C FSN ALL

© AIRBUS S.A.S. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY DOCUMENT.

 AIRCRAFT REVISION REVISION
CUSTOMIZATION DOCTYPES TITLE
TYPES DATE NUMBER
A318 A319 A321 09-10-00-584-002-A - Towing by the Nose Landing
IYE AMM 01-May-2024 54
A320 Gear from the Front with a Towbar
TAIL NUMBER - MSN - FSN:
Print date: 2024-07-16 22:08:40

NOTE:

" " IS THE MAXIMUM TOWING ANGLE.

N_MM_091000_2_ABM0_01_01

Figure 09-10-00-991-00200-00-A (SHEET 1) - Maximum Towing Angle with Towbar

** ON A/C FSN ALL

© AIRBUS S.A.S. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY DOCUMENT.