JPS Hebrew-English Tanakh the Traditional Hebrew Text and the New JPS Translation Second Edition the Jewish Publication Society 1985-1999

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JPS
HEBREW-
ENGLISH
TANAKH
TORAH THE FIVE BOOKS OF MOSES H^W
NEVriM THE PROPHETS fl^K''2J
KETHUVIM THE WRITINGS ^^Vn

tJ!l
JPS
HEBREW-
ENGLISH
TANAKH
THE TRADITIONAL HEBREW TEXT AND
THE NEW IPS TKANSIATION - Second Edition
THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY

Philadelphia 1999 5759
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, excep,
brief passages in connection with a critical review, without permission in writing from the publish
The Jewish Publication Society

2100 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Hebrew text, based on Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, © 1999 by The Jewish Publication Society
Translation © 1985, 1999 by The Jewish Publication Society
First Edition published 1985. Second Edition 1999
Designed by Adrianne Onderdonk Dudden and R. David E. Sulomm Stein
Composed in Hadassah (Hebrew) and Minion (English) by VARDA Graphics, Skokie, Illinois
Lead typesetter: R. Shimon Deutsch. Computer programmer: Daniel Weisman

Manufactured in the United States of America
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bible. O.T Hebrew. 2000

[Tanakh] - JPS Hebrew-English Tanakh : the traditional Hebrew text
and the new JPS translation, 2nd ed.
p. cm.
"Hebrew text based on Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia" — T.p. verso.
ISBN 0-8276-0697-4 (student)
ISBN 0-8276-0656-7 (deluxe)
I. Jewish Publication Society. II. Bible. O.T. English. Jewish
Publication Society. 2000. IIL Title. IV. Title: JPS Hebre%v-
English Tanakh.
BS895.J4 2000
221.4'4—dc2l 99-11017
CIP
note: This edition is based on the second (1999) edition of the translation and incorporates mai
revisions and additions reflecting archaeological and scholarly research since 1985. as submitted b
our readers. Corrections have been made in typography, punctuation, and in the rendering of
references to God. As in the first edition (and in Hebrew), masculine terms for God such as "He"
should be understood as gender neutral unless the imagery of their context requires otherwise.
This publication was made possible through generous grants from
THE LEONARD AND MADLYN ABRAMSON FOUNDATION
and
THE ARETE FOUNDATION

CONTENTS
Preface to the 1999 Hebrew-English

Edition IX
Preface to the 1985 English

Edition XXI
'^'''31
TORAH THE FIVE BOOKS OF MOSES
n'U7K-in
CONTENTS
The Twelve Mirwr Prophets

PREFACE TO THE 1999
HEBREW-ENGLISH EDITION
A court of law relies on witnesses to establish

the facts of a case. But for
those who seek the "facts" of the original biblical
texts, no firsthand vWt-
nesses exist. We have only the testimony of various manuscripts,
produced
hundreds of years after the Bible's books were completed. And even if we
had an autograph copy of, say, the Book of Ezra, it would not answer all
our questions, for it was created at a time (2400 years ago) when ;xTiting
was imprecise— even before the invention
of punctuation.
Through the inter^'ening centuries, scribes have
figured out how to
record the oral traditions more
At the same time, during each
precisely.
transmission of the books from person
to person, uncertainty has
grown. For schools have sometimes
disagreed on pronunciation. Hand-
wntmg has not always been legible. And every
scribe has occasionally
made mistakes in copying.
Witnesses testifying in court often disagree.
Little surprise, then, that
the Bible's textual "witnesses"-farther
removed from the origmal
"event"-differ fi-om each other m
a uade range of small wavs:
speUmg,
punctuation, layout of poetr>', and so on.
Sometimes entire verses appear
in only a few manuscripts.
So winch version ts true? This was the first question we faced in prepar-
ing our Hebrew text.
THE UNBROKEN CHAIN OF UNCERTAINTY

Accuracy has been ensured via side
documentation-part of what is called
masorahJ This gives rise to a "masoretic
text"-a Bible that accords with
the masorah. Yet the number of details has been too vast for masorah to
address all room for disagreement.
And the masoretic notes have been
neglected through the ages; vmtten in
shorthand, they are often vague,
and their own textual witnesses sometimes
disagree.
Masorah refers to eve^th^ng transm.tted

1
.-.th the bMcal text except ,ts consonants. It includes-
ouel s,gns, accent s,gns. arrangements of poetr>^ marginal notes
and endnotes, as weU as separate
trea.sesonthecop>.nganduseofmanuscnpts.M<«o™;, exists independendyof;,«/.^;,./,(raLic
aw). The early medieval masters
of Ae Wblical text who developed Ats documentation are known
" """"'" '""°^^^'°"^ "^"^ '^^^'g-^
mn transmission
traSm "Tu'"'
of the text.
' '° -'^"^ '°- - distortion
IX
—
PREFACE TO THE 1999 HEBREW-ENGLISH EDITION
Much masorah seems to have been created only after problems arose;
in such cases, it could only reinforce the torn textual fabric, not mend
the hole. Unable or unwilling to choose between variants, scribes some-
times preserved two versions of a word side by side — transmitting both.

Furthermore, by nature the Bible is not predictable. Because of its
spiritual subject matter, its choice of words must be improbable at times.
So is a given puzzling — or religious mystery?

phrase due to scribal error
When to expect the text to follow rules of grammar — and when to allow
for artistic expression?
Despite these pitfalls, Bible scholars have always refined the text as
they found it. Each expert begins with a different set of available manu-
scripts, from scribes of varying (and uncertain) reliability. They each use
different methods for resolving textual problems. So the experts come to
different conclusions as to what is the "best" Bible text.
Ironically, the result is a Bible whose text continually evolves — the

changes being justified to preserve the accuracy of tradition. Thus, an
early printed Bible edited in Italy by R. Jacob ben Hayyim Ibn-Adoniyah
( 1 525 c.E.) reconstructed the work of the Tiberian textual tradition from
six hundred years earlier. His effort was impressive enough that soon
afterward, owners of old manuscripts all across Europe altered their
parchments to match his newly authoritative book.

As mistakes were corrected, new ones appeared. R. Meir Letteris of
Austria edited a Hebrew Bible first published in 1852 c.e., based on lists
of "corrections" by experts who perceived mistakes in earlier editions. It
became the standard Hebrew text among many Jews to this day. Yet like
all prior printed Bibles, it contained hundreds of its own typographical
errors.
Meanwhile, in the modern era, certain early medieval manuscripts

safeguarded in isolated Middle Eastern communities — were brought to
the attention of Bible scholars. These have proven to be the oldest known
witnesses of the now-standard Tiberian tradition. Only recently has the
wider, evolutionary, corrective process taken these unusually reliable

texts into account. These manuscripts still contain inconsistencies and
differ slightly from each other. But on the whole, they confirm the
"received" (evolutionary European) traditions of the Bible text, espe-
cially for the Torah.
Amazingly, manuscript differences are truly minor. More than 99.9
percent of the time, the masoretic Bible's witnesses give identical ac-
counts. Rarely does the variation impact the meaning of a given verse.
Yet even this small uncertainty can vex a publisher who — for each detail
of the text — must pick one possibility over another.

If a definitive text of the Hebrew Bible does not exist, the best a
pubHsher can do is produce a defensible text that is sufficiently accurate
for the editions intended purpose. Therefore
I shall now explain our text's
history and our approach to editing
it-and let the reader judge its
soundness.
THE HISTORY OF OUR HEBREW TEXT

Since ancient times, Jews have traced
the chain of transmission of Scrip-
ture: "Moses received Torah at
Sinai and handed it on to Joshua,
Joshua
to the elders, and the elders to the
prophets. And the prophets handed
it on to the Great Assembly..." (Mishnah Avot 1:1). For the present
volume, the textual transmission history is
as follows.
Aaron ben Moses Ben-Asher (Tiberias, c. 930

c.e.)
An industrious family of masoretes once lived in
the Galilean town of
Tiberias (an ancient center of Jewish
scholarship). The last in their line
of scholars was Aaron ben Moses
Ben-Asher, who flourished circa 930
C.E.He authored a classic masoretic treatise. He is the first known scribe
tocomplete a manuscript of the entire Bible
(whose books had been pre-
served somewhat independently). An
important part of his work
included the proofreading of others'
manuscripts, which is how he
enters into our picture.^
Samuel ben Jacob (Egypt, WW c.e.)

Two generations later, a scribe in Fostat (Egypt's thriving
center of trade
and learning) spent years composing a
Bible codex.3 Noting its comple-
tion in 4770 A.M. (1010 c.e.), he
recorded that he copied from several
manuscripts into this one volume:
"Samuel ben Jacob wrote out the con-
sonants, vowels, punctuation, accents,
and annotations of this codex of
Scripture fi-om the texts checked and
corrected by the late master Aaron
ben Moses Ben-Asher; it has been checked and corrected per "*
tradition.
2 Two
centuries after Aaron Ben-Asher's
death, mastery of the nâsorah vanished
(except in the
.sola ed community of ^men), probably
degraded by continual invasions and war in
the Land of
Israel. Scribes blended different
textual traditions and copied the
masorah without understanding it
multiplying mconsistencies and errors. IronicaUy,
while Ben-Asher's authority was then
invoked to
he exclusion of other masoretes, manuscripts
that consistently reflected his teaching became rare
3 For about eight hundred years before
the invention of printmg, Jewish
books were written on
parchment in two formats, scroll or codex.
A codex was made of bound folios; it was easier to use for
study, and it could hold far more
information. In manuscripts, the entire
Bible has appeared only as
a codex, never as a scroll. Classical
Hebrew terms for a codex are n,ahzor, rmtzhaf, and
keter
*"''"^°"^"'' (^ Public servant of high
F VTI ''fZ "u^ codex for
standing among rabbinic Jews in
Egypt) had ordered this his own study. Samuel ben Jacob produced it singlehandedly-
a rare feat; usually, a masoretic Bible's three facets
(consonants, vowels/accents, and masoretic
notes) were each written by a specialist.
XI
" )
Samuel's Bible contains sixty thousand marginal notes on the text,
including more than a thousand divergences between consonantal text
(kethib) and reading tradition iqere).^
In proofreading and correcting his work, Samuel ben Jacob missed

(or let stand) hundreds of errors — which is actually an impressive result,
given the millions of characters in a Hebrew Bible. As the contemporary

scholar E.j. Revell comments, "This is a long way from perfection, but it
is close to ideal when compared to the situation in most [later] medieval
manuscripts.
Recent Editions of the Leningrad Codex

Today, Samuel ben Jacob's work is the oldest known complete Hebrew
Bible, and the oldest complete representative of the Ben-Asher tradi-
tion.^ For centuries, however, it was kept out of circulation, unknovm to
historians or Bible editors. Then in 1840 c.e., a manuscript collector an-

nounced possession of this Bible— which has since become known as the
Leningrad Codex."
Repeatedly since then, international teams of Christian and Jewish
scholars (both religious and academic) have edited this codex for mod-
ern use. The first group, led by Rudolph Kittel and Paul Kahle, made it
the base text for a critical edition, Biblia Hebraica Kittel (BHK, 1937).
After World War II, another team revised BHK, producing Biblia
Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS, 1967-1977), for which Karl Elliger, Wil-
helm Rudolph, and Gerard Weil served as lead editors. Then, at the Uni-
versity of Michigan, H. Van Dyke Parunak and Robert Eckert devised
computer-readable codes for the biblical text's characters and main fea-
tures; Parunak oversaw the transcription of BHS into three megab>'tes of

data (1982). Soon thereafter, Richard E. Whitaker of the Claremont
Graduate Schools coordinated revisions. Finally, J. Alan Groves of West-
minster Theological Seminary (Philadelphia) with Emanuel Tov of
The Hebrew University Jerusalem) ( directed a proofreading team ( 1987),
a project that JPS helped to fund.
5 The number of words accorded this trealment varies greatly among manuscripts and editions.
What the kethtb/qerc system means is not certain; it appears to contain a mix of intended correc-
tions, variant readings, and guidance for pronouncing words with odd spelling. Ultimately, even
though the i/tTf was preserved only in the margin (if written down at all), the masoretcs gave it
greater weight, for they transmitted the kctlub with consonanLs only. (Therefore, unlcs.s stated other-
wise, our translation is based on the i/t-re.
h Only for a few dozen characters is this codex not clearly legible— given some parchment stains,
llaked ink, and ambiguous pen strokes.
7 When this manuscript gained renown as the only known direct evidence ol /\aron lkn-,\.sher s
work, the city in which it was housed was called Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). There, in the Rus-
sian National I ibran', this codex is ofHcially catalogued as "Firkovich B19A."

—
The result is called the Michigan-Claremont-Westminster (MCW)

electronic BHS. It has provided JPS with a text nearly identical to the
Leningrad Codex manuscript. Each round of revision has corrected pre-
vious typographic errors and misreadings while introducing a smaller
number of other typos and mistakes. Its machine-readable text format
has nearly precluded new typos in our own production process. Mean-
while, BHS notes have provided vital supporting documentation.
To aid modern readers, its various editors have brought the codex's
outward features in line with the more familiar evolution of Bibles, by:
• adding chapter and verse numbers (invented after the codex was
written);
• changing the order of books (putting Chronicles at the end, rather

than before Psalms);
• redividing Psalms to show 150 chapters rather than the codex's 149;
• adding end-of-verse punctuation where Samuel ben Jacob had

omitted it;
• inserting typographic markers to show the codex's paragraphing;
• placing each qere entry in the text (rather than in the margin), fol-
lowing its kethib, and transferring pointing to the qere consonants
which occasionally meant inferring pointing (a dagesh or maqqef) not
in the codex;
• omitting the diacritical sign rafe (ubiquitous in the codex) in all but
six places, which most modern Bibles have dropped as superfluous
and hard to print;
• turning many marginal notes on superfluous letters (yater) into qere

entries;
• tripling the number of masoretic notes by filling in cross-references;
and
• flagging the apparent scribal errors.
EDITING THE JPS HEBREW BIBLE TEXT

This section details our editing approach, which is summarized by the
table on page xv.
Intended Audience. This is a study Bible, for readers who want to

explore the meaning of the masoretic Hebrew text. Hence, our designers
focused on reducing the work of reading. Our edition features clear type,
reader would normally pause — we bring out the poetic rhythm, reduce
reading effort, and speed the reader's recourse to the translation.'-
Verse Numbering. Numerals of the same type font in both columns

ease one's navigation through the Bible. The same goes for numbers
printed within the text — showing clearly which verse is which. (Many
editions have instead used Hebrew letters for verse numbers and placed
them in the margin.)
Division of Books. English translations usually list thirty-nine books
of the Bible. Meanwhile, Hebrew Bibles classically have presented
twenty-four books — counting the following groups as one book each:

the two parts of Samuel; the two parts of Kings; the Twelve ("Minor")
Prophets; Ezra and Nehemiah; and the two parts of Chronicles.
Some aspects of our book design presume the thirty-nine-book divi-
sion: the tables, book openings, and chapter numbers. But we ended
only the conventional twenty- four books with a closing prayer ("Hereby
completed — praise to God, creator of the cosmos!") and with the sum
total of verses.'^
Order of Books. The Leningrad Codex reflects a sequence found in
Middle Eastern and Spanish manuscripts. But the Writings are arranged
differently in most modern Bibles, following the German manuscript
tradition. We chose the modern sequence — more likely to be familiar to
our readers — for quicker navigation.
Spelling Variants (Orthography). Many words are not spelled the
same way throughout the Bible. '•*

In masoretic tradition, a marginal note
fixes a correct spelling for nearly all those words in each place they occur
(although each manuscript's set of notes is incomplete). However, in the
Ben-Asher study Bibles, when their text's spelling was contradicted by a
marginal note (written in a later pass through the manuscript), maso-

retic scribes usually let the "mistake" stand — perhaps because variant
spelling affected neither meaning nor pronunciation. We too let stand
about ninety spellings known to differ from both "received" and Yemen-
ite Torah texts. At the same time, to represent our codex's Torah accu-
rately, we took into account its marginal notes; sometimes (as BHS's edi-
tor of masoretic notes pointed out) the weight of internal evidence
favors a marginal note over the text.'' As a result we altered the spelling
12 Poetic line breaks in the two columns do not always match, due to the differing syntax of the
two languages.
13 Also, we divided the Book of Psalms into five collections, according to an ancicnl tradition lack-
ing in the Leningrad Codex.
14 when the letters alei. heh. wuw. and yvd represent certain vowel sounds rather than cons«)nants.
the same word can be spelled either with or without them.
15 Discrepancies in spelling between a manuscript's text and its marginal notes may be due not
only to errors in the text; they may reflect errors in the notes or the traditions of different sch»H)ls.
xvi
of twenty-nine words. Coincidentally, twenty-eight of them now match

the "received" and Yemenite texts.
In Prophets and Writings— regulated precisely than

historically, less
Torah — we printed the codex text regardless of marginal notes. For

those two sections, our codex's spelling is already closer to masoretic tra-
dition than that of the "received" editions (as exemplified by Letteris and
Koren).
Hymns. Song of the Sea (Exodus 15) and Song of Deborah (Judges 5)
are national anthems. We reproduced ancient graphic designs that adorn

their lyrics, following the traditionally recommended practice of setting
written gaps at syntactic pauses. Another hymn, the Song of Moses

(Deuteronomy 32), we treated differently in accord with its lesser dis-
tinctiveness in later tradition. In all three cases we enabled the reader to

correlate text with translation.
Lists. Our codex displayed many sections in a traditional list format,

which we employed only in the cases required by masorah and halakhah:
the conquered kings (Joshua 12) and Haman's sons (Esther 9).
Weekly Torah Portions. We divided the Torah into parashiyot — the
weekly portions within an annual public reading cycle according to
Babylonian Jewish tradition — because contemporary Torah study often
refers to them. We did not show the older division into smaller sections
(sedarim) per Levantine Jewish tradition, no longer in common use.
Reading Tradition Versus Writing Tradition. Previous editions set

the qere consonants in the margin, which has proven awkward in use;
pronouncing the qere has required simultaneously looking for conso-
nants in the margin while looking for vowels in the text. In contrast, our
side-by-side, in-the-text format preserves the distinctness of the two
forms while making it easy to read the qere.
This edition contains 1,322 kethib/qere instances located as per MCW

(see above, page xii note 5 and page xiii), with two cases added for clarity:
the form oi na'ara(h) in Genesis (for which we adopted the masoretic

practice in Deuteronomy), and Numbers 10:36.
Letter Size. Masoretic tradition was not consistent about writing cer-
tain letters larger or smaller than normal. The meaning of letter size is
only occasionally clear. Later manuscripts (and modern printed edi-

tions) tend to have more odd-sized letters than earlier ones. In Torah we
set odd-sized letters according to modern practice, noting our sources.
In Prophets and Writings, we went according to our codex text.
Nequdot (Extraordinary Points). Traditionally, a point that marks

uncertainty is placed atop and/or below certain letters. The number and
placement of these obscure markers varies among the sources. In Torah,
we placed these points at ten locations according to the modern editions.
xvii
7
In Prophets and Writings, we placed them at five locations according to

the Leningrad Codex.
Transcription Errors. Research in the past decade with high-resolu-

tion photographs of our codex has continued to clear up earlier mis-
readings and typos. To match revisions in recent editions of BHS (1990,
1997), we corrected MCW (1987) in several hundred places. Then,

checking selectively in a large facsimile edition ( 1998) of the codex, we
found eight more instances where BHS editors had misread the manu-
script. Further, we found seventeen MCW typos. (All told, this codex is
closer to the "received" traditions than previously thought.)
Scribal Errors. Bible scholar and editor R. Mordechai Breuer has

noted, "The Leningrad Codex ... is one of the best of the ancient manu-
scripts as far as its vocalization and accentuation are concerned. " Yet a
lack of pointing where the rules of Hebrew call for it must be a scribal
oversight. Conversely, excessive pointing must also be a mistake. Rather
than needlessly puzzle our readers, we fixed both types of errors; we

added about 150 pointing characters (and subtracted a few) as implied,
and in accord with the manuscripts and editions noted by BHS.

Other anomalies may reflect a variant reading tradition, an idiosyn-
crasy of the scribe's graphical system, a dialect — or an outright error. In
any event, we judged the codex's reading to be impossible by modern
standards — and significant enough to trip up most readers — in forty-
three words, which we changed to match the "received" masoretic texts. '^
Hebrew Footnotes. Like the medieval scribes, we culled most of our

nearly six hundred notes from the larger body of masoretic lore (roughly
two hundred thousand notes!); we do not pretend to have been exhaus-

tive. We composed such notes either in the classic Aramaic shorthand or
in Hebrew terms similar to the Letteris Bible's notes — but spelled out
and reworded for clarity. Many of these notes point out a textual anom-
aly (in spelling, vocalization, accentuation, punctuation, grammar, or
meaning), lest the reader be puzzled or think it a mistake. Other notes
relate to counting: the total number of verses in each book, halfway
point of each book, variant counting traditions, or aspects of the text that
affect the count.''' Our glossary explains the Hebrew footnotes.
16 In those forty-three words, we only moved or changed pointing, except for deleting one super-
fluous waw and changing one prefixed kaf to a bet. Probable scribal errors that we let stand typically
involve a missing ilagesh (a dot to show cither that the letter is doubled or pronounced with a stop).
Apparent errors in this codex arc well documented — in BHS, the Potan/Adi edition, and R.
Breuer's lists. Wc therefore trust that those for whom such errors matter have the wherewithal to
determine a reading that will satisfy them.
1 Where masoretic traditions give more than one verse total or halfway point, we checked the cal-
culations ourselves and noted discrepancies.
We also included notes of our own. Most of

these give variant read-
ings preferred by our translators from other Bible
manuscripts. A few
notes mark where our edition differs from its sources, either
BHS or the
Leningrad Codex itself (styled as "our manuscript").
In closing,we at the Jewish Publication Society hope that

this edition
opens up the richness of the Hebrew Bible
to our readers. "How much
better to acquire wisdom than gold;
/ To acquire understanding
is
preferable to silver" (Proverbs 16.16).
Rabbi David E. Sulomm Stein

Managing Editor
February 1, 1999
XIX
PREFACE TO THE 1985
ENGLISH EDITION
Ihis translationof Tanakh, the Holy Scriptures,

produced by the Jewish
PubHcation Society, was made directly from
the traditional Hebrew text
into the idiom of modern English.
It represents the collaboration
of aca-
demic scholars with rabbis from the three
largest branches of organized
Jewish religious life in America. Begun
in 1955, the ongoing translation
was published in three main stages: The Tomh in 1962, The Prophets
(NevVim) in 1978, and The Writings (Kethuvim) in 1982. These three
volumes, with revisions, are now brought together in a complete English
Tanakh (Torah-Nevi'im-Kethuvtni), the
latest link m the chain of Jewish
Bible translations.
ON THE HISTORY OF BIBLE TRANSLATION

Bible translation began about 2200
years ago, in the third centur)^ b.c.e.,
as the large Jewish population
of Alexandria, Egypt, came under the'
mfluence of Hellenism. When the Greek language replaced Hebrew and
Aramaic as their vernacular, and the Torah Hebrew original was no
in its
longer commonly understood, a translation intoGreek was made for the
Jewish community of Alexandria. This translation came to be known as
the Septuagint, Latin for "seventy,"
because of the legend that the com-
mittee of translators numbered
seventy-two, six elders from each of the
twelve tribes of Israel.
In the last few centuries b.c.e.,
the Jews who lived to the north and
east of Judea also found the Hebrew Bible difficult to understand, for
thdr spoken language had become largely
Aramaic. Translations into
Aramaic, first of the Torah and then
of the rest of the Bible, became
known as the Targums.
The Septuagint and the Targums are not only the oldest translations
of the Bible but also the most influential.
Down to our own day, virtually
every Christian translation has
followed the methods of the Jewish trans-
lators who created the Septuagint, and generally foUowed their renderings
of the Hebrew as well. The Christian translators also were influenced by
the interpretation of flie Hebrew text set forth in the Targums (much of
XXI
PREFACE TO THE 1985 ENGLISH EDITION
it in oral form at the time) and by the writings of the Jewish philosopher-
interpreter Philo of Alexandria (died about 45 c.e.).
The forerunners and leaders of the Renaissance and the Reformation

(fourteenth-fifteenth centuries), and especially Martin Luther and
William Tyndale (sixteenth century), made use of Latin translations of
the classic Jewish commentators Rashi, Ibn Ezra, and Kimhi (eleventh-
thirteenth centuries), whose works were imbued with the direct knowl-
edge of the Targums. Luther was greatly indebted to Nicholas of Lyre

(1270-1349), who had adopted Rashi's exegesis for his Latin Bible com-
mentary. Rashi's influence on all authorized and most unofficial English
translations of the Hebrew Bible becomes evident when Tyndale's
dependence on Luther is considered. T)Tidale is central to many subse-
quent English translations: the King James Version of 1611, the (British)
Revised Version of 1881-1885, the American Standard Version of 1901,

and especially the Revised Standard Version of 1952.
Alongside the close, literal method of Bible translation, the earliest
Jewish translators were also influenced by the widely held view that,
along with the Written Law (torah she-bikhtav), God had given Moses
on Mount Sinai an Oral Law (torah she-be'al peh) as well; so that to
comprehend God's Torah fully and correctly, it was essential to make

use of both. Thus, when a translation of the Hebrew Bible into the
Judeo-Arabic vernacular was deemed necessary for Jewry in Moslem

countries toward the end of the first millennium, the noted philolo-
gian, philosopher, and community leader Saadia Gaon (882-942) pro-
duced a version that incorporated traditional Jewish interpretation but
was not based on word-for-word translation; at the same time, it was a
model of clarity and stylistic elegance. The present version is in the
spirit of Saadia.
With the growth of Christianity in the first century, the Church
adopted the Septuagint as its Bible, and the Septuagint was translated
into the languages of the various Christian communities. As Greek began
to give way to Latin in the Roman Empire, it was only a matter of time
before a Latin translation of Scripture became the recognized Bible ot the
Church. The Church father Jerome (c. 340-420) produced the official
Latin version. Drawing on Jewish tradition and consulting Jev^sh teach-

ers, he achieved what came to be known as the Vulgate, the Bible in the
language of the common people. The Vulgate, the Bible of European
Christianity until the Reformation, is clearly the most significant Bible
translation after the Septuagint.
With the rise of Protestantism in 1 urt)pe, scholars within this move-

ment set themselves the task of making the Bible available in the various
XXII
vernaculars of the time. By 1526 the first parts of two notable transla-
tions began to appear: Martin Luther's in German and William Tyn-

dale's in English. The latter, by way of several subsequent revisions,
became the King James Version of 1611. The more modern English ver-
sions — such as The Holy Scriptures by the American rabbi Isaac Leeser
(1855), the (British) Revised Version (1881-1885), the American Stan-
dard Version ( 1901 ), the Jewish Publication Society's The Holy Scriptures
(1917), and the (American) Revised Standard Version (1952) — made
extensive use of the King James.
ON THE MAKING OF THE NEW TRANSLATION

After World War II, when the Jewish Publication Society began to con-
sider a new edition of the Bible, the idea of a modest revision of the 1917
translation met with resistance, and the concept of a completely new
translation gradually took hold. The proposed translation would repro-
duce the Hebrew idiomatically and reflect contemporary scholarship,
thus laying emphasis upon intelligibility and correctness. It would make
critical use of the early rabbinic and medieval Jewish commentators,
grammarians, and philologians and would rely on the traditional
Hebrew text, avoiding emendations. The need for this new translation
was the focus of the Jewish Publication Society's annual meeting in 1953.
Later that year the Society announced its intention to proceed with the
project, and in 1955 the committee of translators began their task.
Harry M. Orlinsky, Professor of Bible at Hebrew Union College-

Jewish Institute of Religion (New York), was asked to serve as editor-in-
chief for the new translation, along with H. L. Ginsberg, Professor of
Bible at the Jewish Theological Seminary, and Ephraim A. Speiser, Pro-
fessor of Semitic and Oriental Languages at the University of Pennsylva-

nia, as fellow editors. Associated with them were three rabbis: Max Arzt,
Bernard J. Bamberger, and Harry Freedman, representing the Conserv-
ative, Reform, and Orthodox branches of organized Jewish religious life.
Solomon Grayzel, editor of the Jewish Publication Society, served as sec-
retary of the committee.
The committee profited much from the work of previous transla-
tors; the present rendering, however, is essentially a new translation.
A few of its characteristics may be The committee undertook

noted.
to follow faithfully the traditional Hebrew text, but there were cer-
tain points at which footnotes appeared necessary: (i) where the com-
mittee had to admit that it did not understand a word or passage;
(2) where an alternative rendering was possible; (3) where an old ren-
dering, no longer retained, was so well known that it would very likely
xxni
be missed, in which case the traditional translation was given in the
name of "Others" (usually referring to the Society's version of 1917);
(4) where the understanding of a passage could be facilitated by refer-
ence to another passage elsewhere in the Bible; and (5) where impor-
tant textual variants are to be found in some of the ancient manu-
scripts or versions of the Bible.
The translators avoided obsolete words and phrases and, whenever

possible, rendered Hebrew idioms by means of their normal English
equivalents. For the second person singular, the modern "you" was used
instead of the archaic "thou," even when referring to the Deity ("You").
A further obvious difference between this translation and most of the

older ones is in the rendering of the Hebrew particle waw, which is usu-
ally translated "and." Biblical Hebrew demanded the frequent use of the
waw, but in that st\'le it had the force not only of "and" but also of "how-
ever," "but," "yet," "when," and any number of other such words and
particles, or none at all that can be translated into English. Always to ren-
der it as "and" is to misrepresent the Hebrew rather than be faithful to it.
Consequently, the committee translated the particle as the sense

required, or left it untranslated.
The chapter and verse divisions found in the printed Bible are indis-
pensable as a system of precise reference, but they do not always coincide

with the organic divisions of the text. The chapter divisions, whose ori-
gin is neither ancient nor Jewish but medieval Christian, sometimes join
or separate the wTong paragraphs, sentences, or even parts of sentences.
The verse divisions, though considerably older and of Jewish origin,
sometimes join together parts of different sentences or separate from

each other parts of the same sentence. The translation of Saadia Gaon
often does not correspond to our chapter divisions, which did not exist
in his day. More noteworthy is the readiness with which he joined sepa-
rate verses of the Hebrew text (whose authority' he did not question into )
single sentences when the sense required it. Thus, in joining Genesis 7.24
and 8.1 into a single sentence, or combining the last part of 1 Kings 6.38
with 7.1, the present translation is following the example of Saadia. The
attentive reader will discover other instances in which the translators
have followed what they considered to be the logical units of meaning
even when they did not coincide with the conventional chapters and
verses. The latter, however, are marked and numbered throughout.
The preface to the first edition of The iorah was dated September 25,
1962, Erev Rosh Ha-Shanah 5723. A second edition, incorporating some
changes by the translators, came out five years later. The committee also
produced translations of The Ttve Meîlhth and Jonah ( 1969). /s.jm/j
XXIV
(1973), and Jeremiah ( 1974). The latter two books and Jonah were incor-
porated, with some corrections and revisions, into the complete transla-
tion of The Prophets (Nevi'im). For this volume, which was published in
1978, Professor Ginsberg served as editor, in association with Professor
Orlinsky. Whereas Professor Orlinsky had initially prepared a draft

translation of the entire Torah, individual members of the committee
undertook to prepare a draft of an entire prophetic book or part of a
book; but, as in translating the Torah, everyone had an opportunity to
criticize the draft and to offer detailed suggestions at periodic committee
sessions, which were presided over by Rabbi Bamberger. Differences of
opinion were settled by majority vote.
In preparing the translation of The Prophets, the translators faced a
recurring problem that deserves special mention. The prophetic books

contain many passages whose meaning is uncertain. Thus, in order to
provide an intelligible rendering, modern scholars have resorted to
emending the Hebrew text. Some of these emendations derive from the
ancient translators, especially of the Septuagint and the Targums, who
had before them a Hebrew text that sometimes differed from today's tra-
ditional text. Where these ancient versions provide no help, some schol-
ars have made conjectural emendations of their own. Many modern
English versions contain translations of emended texts, sometimes with-
out citing any departure from the traditional Hebrew text.
Like the translation of The Torah, the present translation of the

prophetic books adheres strictly to the traditional Hebrew text; but
where the text remains obscure and an alteration provides marked clari-
fication, a footnote is offered with a rendering of the suggested emen-

dation. If the emendation is based on one or two ancient versions, they
are mentioned by name; if more than two versions agree, they are
summed up as "ancient versions. " Conjectural emendations are intro-
duced by "Emendation yields. " Sometimes, however, it was deemed
sufficient to offer only a change of vowels, and such modifications are
indicated by "Change of vocalization yields." In all cases, the emenda-
tion is given in a footnote, which may be readily disregarded by those
who reject it on either scholarly or religious grounds. The only excep-
tions involve such changes in grammatical form as those, say, from sec-
ond person to third or from singular to plural. In such rare instances,
the change is incorporated in the text, and the traditional Hebrew is
translated in a footnote.
The committee of translators for The Writings (Kethuvim), the third

part of the Hebrew Bible, was set up by the Jewish Publication Society in
1966. It consisted of Moshe Greenberg, now Professor of Bible at the
XXV
Hebrew University, lonas C. Greenfield, then Professor of Semitic Lan-
guages at the Hebrew University, and Nahum M. Sarna, then Professor
of Biblical Studies at Brandeis University, in association with Rabbis Saul
Leeman, Martin S. Rozenberg, and David Shapiro of the Conservative,

Reform, and Orthodox movements. Chaim Potok, then editor of the
Society, served as secretary of the committee.
The present English rendering of Kethuvim, like Torah and Nevi'im,

is based on the traditional Hebrew text — consonants, vowels, and
its
syntactical divisions — although the traditional accentuation occasionally

has been replaced by an alternative construction. Following the
approach of the original committee, the entire gamut of biblical inter-
pretation, ancient and modern, Jewish and non-Jewish, has been con-
sulted, and, whenever possible, the results of modern study of the lan-
guages and cultures of the ancient Near East have been brought to bear
on the biblical text. In choosing between alternatives, however, just as
antiquity was not in itself a disqualification, so modernity was not in
itself a recommendation. Divergences of the present translation from

recent renderings reflect the committee's judgment that certain innova-
tions, though interesting, are too speculative for adoption in thcîresent
state of knowledge. The as-yet-imperfect understanding of the language

of the Bible, or what appears to be some disorder in the Hebrew text,
makes sure translation of many passages impossible. This uncertainty' in
Kethuvim is indicated in a note, and, where the Hebrew text permits,
alternative renderings have been offered. However, emendations of the

text of Kethuvim — except for the five Megilloth — were not proposed, and
notes were kept to a minimum.
Some passages in Kethuvim are identical or very similar to passages in
Tomh and Nevi'im. The rendering of these passages in Kethuvim gener-
ally follows the wording in the earlier books; on occasion, however,

owing to various considerations, divergences in style and translation will
be found. For example, in the presentation of the poetr)'of the Psalms, it
was deemed fitting, because of their liturgical use, to indicate the thought
units through appropriate indentation. The text of Kethuvim frequently
presented the translators with extraordinary difficulties, for it is hardly
possible to convey in English the fullness of the Hebrew, with its ambi-
guities, its overtones, and the richness that it carries from centuries ot
use. Still, it was their goal to transmit something of the directness, the
simplicity, and the uniquely Israelite expressions of piiM\ that are so
essential to the sublimity of the Hebrew Bible.
The committee's translation of The Fsahns appeared in 1973; of The

Hook of loh, in 1 980. The two were incorporated, with revisions, into the
XXVI
complete translations of The Writings (Kethuvim), which

appeared
in 1982.
For one-volume English edition of Tanakh, the translation of

this
The Torah, published twenty years earlier, underwent more revi-

first
sion than the more recent publications of The

Prophets and The Writings.
A number of the changes had already been projected in Notes on the New
Translation of the Torah, edited by Harry M. Orlinsky and published by
the Society in 1969. Subsequent research on the text has led to further
revisions in the translation of Torah and some revisions in Nevi'im
as well.
Ephraim Speiser, of the original committee, died in

June 1965. Max
Arzt, also an active member of the original committee, died in 1975,
when work of translating the prophetic books was almost complete.
the
Since the appearance of The Prophets and The Writings,

Bernard J. Bam-
berger, Solomon Grayzel, and Harry Freedman
have also passed on.*
Their memory, and their scholarship, will be for a blessing.
The Jewish Publication Society joins the members of the committees
of translators in the hope that the results of their
labors will find favor
with God and man.
The Jewish PubUcation Society

September 15, 1985
r"D\un nwr[ vjk^ my
Deceased and lamented since 1985: H. L. Ginsberg, Harry Orlinsky, and Jonas Greenfield.
XXVll
mm
TO RAH THE FIVE BOOKS OF MOSES
GENESIS
" " ' —
n^tKis
GENESIS
w
earth —
hen God began
2the earth being
to create«
unformed and
heaven and
void,
D'^pi^n riK n'^rbK
inni \rir\ nn^n

Knn *n"'U7KnB
Y^kr}"] 2 .
ynxn nk)
a
wîth darkness over the surface of the deep and
w^ribK nni Dlnn \:i^-hv "^vj'm
a wind from^ God sweeping over the water
D"'rf'7K "i)3K''T 3 : 0^)311 'JQ-'7V nDnnp
^God said, "Let there be Hght"; and there was
hght. 4God saw that the hght was good, and God
separated the hght from the darkness. 5God
liKH ps u^ri^K '7-in:''! nlu-is nixn
called the light Day, and the darkness He called ai'^ hlK^ I wribK Kip^T 5 : T|\i;'nn i^n^
Night. And there was evening and there was "ipn-^n-'T nny-'H-'T r[bib K'^v 'T\\u'nb^
morning, a first day.^ Q nriK uv

6God said, "Let there be an expanse in the uîpri qinn y"-!?"! ^r\'> wribK i^k'^ts
midst of the water, that it may separate water
\I^Vl^7 :n^p^ D"")? ]->;!. '7"'in)3 ^n^)
from water. " ''God made the expanse, and it sep-
bi)3ri 1^5 b'i:i''_) V-'p-jn-riK ~a-'rT'7K
arated the water which was below the expanse
from the water which was above the expanse.

n\i7K n^)3n i^ni vy'fy nnnn hu/K
And it was so. ^God called the expanse Sky. And D"'il'7K Kip"! 8 :p-'rr;'T ^-''\^'i?
"^^J?
there was evening and there was morning, a sec-
ond day.
9God said, "Let the water below the sky be nnnn wipri Tip^ u->fibK ^^)2i<'>^^
gathered into one area, that the dry land may

appear." And it was so. 'OGod called the dryland
y-iK nu73='^ I n-'rT'7K Kipî h) : ip-'n;'i
Earth, and the gathering of waters He called
D-'nb'K K^^l^ w'tp-^ xnp D-'^n nippî
Seas. And God saw that this was good. • lAnd
God said, "Let the earth sprout vegetation:
y-ikn Kpin wfibK "inK^Tn :niu-"'3
seed-bearing plants, fruit trees of every kind on

earth that bear fruit with the seed in it." And : p""'rT;') y^KH-'^y n-iynt -iu/k '\!imb
it was so. i2The earth brought forth vegetation:
seed-bearing plants of every kind, and trees of

W yntn ntf;i7 k\^^° y^kri KYlni 12
ln-iy-iT "ii^K nQ niu'v yyi ini^'p^

every kind bearing fruit with the seed in it. And "'riiya :nlu-^3 nirib^ kij_) inpp'?
God saw that this was good. iÂnd there was
3 : ''\u^bp nv "ipn-'rT'T n-iy
evening and there was morning, a third day.
i4God said, "Let there be lights in the expanse ^-\i
D^'^mpn D^noij q'? Tim o v. ;.
a Others "In the beginning God created.
b Others "the spirit of.
c Others "one day.

TORAH GENESIS 1.14 BERESHIT rriu/K-in k JT'U/K"!! n-nn
of the sky to separate day from night; they shall

serve as signs for the set times — the days and
the years; i-ând they shall serve as lights in the i^Kn'7 n^^pwn y^pin nilxn^ vri'i 15
expanse of the sky to shine upon the earth." And
it was so. '^God made the two great lights, the
b'l^Ti liKJarr-riK D^y-rAn nixKin ^w
greater light to dominate the day and the lesser
light to dominate the night, and the stars. '"And

God set them in the expanse of the sky to shine
upon the earth, '''to dominate the day and the '^''i^rib nm\ur\ y^pn^ dt1'7k dhk
night, and to separate light from darkness. And
God saw that this was good. ''Ând there was
evening and there was morning, a fourth day.
"ij7'n-'n^T n-iy-'n;'). ly :niu-"'3 "•rr'^K
-•'God said, "Let the waters bring forth
swarms of living creatures, and birds that fly
U7DJ y~iU7 "')3ri lynu^"" u^tibK "ink""! 20
above the earth across the expanse of the sky."
- ' God created the great sea monsters, and all the
living creatures of every kind that creep, which *nr3nn-nK D-'n'7K K-jn^vi :Di?pwn
the waters brought forth in swarms, and all the
winged birds of every kind. And God saw that -'73 riKT nnrip^ D-'ibn i^^nu; iu/k
this was good. 22God blessed them, saying, "Be -'3 n"'n'7K K-)"."! inrn"? tqjb rjiy
fertile and increase, fill the waters in the seas,
n3 inK'7 wribi^ dhk "^^n-"!-- :mu
and let the birds increase on the earth." --Ând
there was evening and there was morning, a
fifth day.
uv -li^'n-'n"'). ^nv-'n"'} 23 :y"i.K3 -^x
-'God said, "Let the earth bring forth every
kind of living creature: cattle, creeping things, n^n \LJ^2 Vl>^n ^îri D''n'7K iipK"! 24
and wild beasts of every kind." And it was so. nrj^"? yiK-ln^ni u/)p"i."i njpnn nrn"?
25God made wild beasts of every kind and cattle y-iKH n:'n-nK n^nb^ u/V'l"!
-' :
P'^^"-}
of ever)' kind, and all kinds of creeping things -73 riNT nrp"? n?pn3n-nKi Ti'^mb
of the earth. And God saw that this was good.
•^''And God said, "Let us make man in our image,
niK nt^yj D^n'7K inK'^v^ lUiu
after our likeness. They shall rule the fish of the
sea, the birds of the sky, the cattle, the whole qiym a^n nnn^^TT'T iJrnm3 iJn'7Y3
earth, and all the creeping things that creep on -'7331 y"iKn-'733i nnn33i a^Dwri
earth." --"AndGod created man in His image, K-i3''"i-- rynNrr'î; wniri WDnn
in the image of God He created him; male and d'7Y3 la'7V3 D-jKn-riK i n"'rl'7K
female He created them. -''God blessed them

: DJIK K-13 n3p31 ~I3T IflK K-13 "'n'^K
and God said to them, "Be fertile and increase,
DH^ -ink"! wribtf. djik în-iVK
fill the earth and master it; and rule the fish of
yiKrrnK ik'??:! i3"n n3 u^fibK
the sea, the birds of the sky, and all the living
things that creep on earth."

u^)2W7i qw3i wn nn3 nm rT\:;33T
:y-),j<rT'7y riwnin n''n-'733i
riKina ' icn

TORAH GENESIS 2.9 bereshit n-'U/K-in a JTiU/Kin min
29God said, "See, I give you every seed- -riK u^b ""nnj °n;in wfihK "inKî 29
bearing plant that is upon all the earth, and

every tree that has seed-bearing fruit; they shall
be yours for food. ÔAnd to all the animals on
n='.n-'73î 30 : nb^Kb n^ri} dd^ i'll yn;
land, to all the birds of the sky, and to everything
that creeps on earth, in which there is the breath
of life, [I give] all And
the green plants for food."
it was so.God saw all that He had made,

3iAnd b-'rl'7K XT131 :lp"''rT"'T ^^'î<'^ ^^^)!
and found it very good. And there was evening

and there was morning, the sixth day.
^ The heaven and the earth were finished, and

all their array. 20n the seventh day God finished
the work that He had been doing, and He
ceased« on the seventh day from all the work
that He had done. 3And God blessed the seventh
in '3 in'K ]ijjp_^} "•V'-nii^n nl-i-nK
day and declared it God
holy, because on it
Q"'rT'7K Kn3-"iU7K iriDK^jp-Vap hnu7

ceased from all the work of creation that He had
done. 4Such is the story of heaven and earth
when they were created.
When the Lord God made earth and ni)2\LJ) y-iK n''i1'7K mn;" nwv Dl^n
— Swhen no shrub of the
:
heaven field was yet on

ynK? n^n;' anu niwn n^t;; 1
b'^^s
earth and no grasses of the field had yet
i>;
till the soil, ^but a flow would well up from the
ground and water the whole surface of the
earth — ^the Lord God formed man'' from the hay DiKn-JiK D''n'7K nin'^ ny^v
dust of the earth. He blew into his nostrils the
^"
breath of life, and man became a living being.

•.n^n u/Qj"? D"iKn "^riiy
8The Lord God planted a garden in Eden, in

the east, and placed there the man whom He
had formed. 'Ând from the ground the Lord

God caused to grow every tree that was pleasing n?pnj YV~b:2 nbiKji'l^P bTl'7K mn^
to the sight and good for food, with the tree of qlnn bi^nn yv'\ b:2i^)2b nlui nx-in^
life in the middle of the garden, and the tree of
knowledge of good and bad.
Or "rested."
Heb. 'adam.
Heh. 'adamah.
"
TORAH GENESIS 2.10 bere'shit rr-u/K-in n nÛ/Kin min
'OA river issues from Eden to water the gar-

den, and it then divides and becomes four :D''U7K-! nyîK"? n^rn tiq*' h\LJm
branches. "The name of the first is Pishon, the
riK nnDH Kin pu/"-? ipKn nu;
one that winds through the whole hind of Hav-
:nn-TrT du;—iu;k n^-'inn V'^k'^^^s
ilah, where the gold is. ('^The gold of that land
n^'inri nu; niu Kinn yiKn nnn 12
is good; bdellium is there, and lapis lazuli. '0
Gihon, the
]ln"'A 'jwn imn-nu;! 13 innyn ]nKi
'-"^The name of the second river is
nu7i I
:U7i3 V"!^"'^^ riK nnlDH Kin
one that winds through the whole land of Gush. '
'•^The name of the third river is Tigris, the one nmp "q^nn Kin bi;?-ir\ ''\v'>b\^ri -imn
that tlows east of Asshur. And the fourth river :n")Q Kin "'Vinn "imrri mu^K
is the Euphrates. inna""! niKn-riK 'rf'7K mn^ nj?"! 15
isThe Lord God took the man and placed
him in the garden of Eden, to till it and tend

I^n-yv b'3ri ijpK'? DiKn-'7V "'h'^k
it. iÂnd the Lord God commanded the man,
yni nlu nvin yvm^^ :'7?N'ri '^bx
saying, "Of every tree of the garden you are free
the tree of knowledge of good

^m)2 r\bî<. nvii "'3 ^m^l2 b^Kn Kb
to eat; '
''but as for
and bad, you must not eat of it; for as soon as -.nmn nin
you eat of it, you shall die." nvn i^v-iib D-'n'^K mn^ -ikjk^vs
•8The Lord God said, "It is not good for man :™3 "iTV i'^-nu/i/K iinV DiKn
to be alone; I will make a fitting helper for him." -73 n)3-]Kri-]p wfibK mri^ nyn i"
iÂnd the Lord God formed out of the earth

hKT
Kn^T D^pu/n c]iy-'73 ^Tii}^:! n'ln
all the wild beasts and all the birds of the sky,
°'73i l^-Knp^-na nlKi'7 DlKri-'7K
and brought them to the man to see what he
would call them; and whatever the man called
Kin nm u/a: dikh l^'i^li?:" "l^^^<:
name.
-'73'7 ni?3iy D"lKn Kjp'vo -.mp
each living creature, that would be its
2<'And the man gave names to all the cattle and

to the birds of the sky and to all the wild beasts;
but for Adam no fitting helper was found. 21S0 niKH-'^v nm"!n "'h'^k 1 nin;'"'73''i 21
the Lord God cast a deep sleep upon the man;

ntz;3 iîp'"! vnvb:^r2 nriK nj?""! iu;-"'i
and, while he slept, He took one of his ribs and
-riK I niribi<. mn^ "in"! 2: imnnn
closed up the fiesh at that spot. --And the Lord
nî<.b "]Kn-]n nj7^-iu;K vb^ri
God fashioned the rib that He had taken from
the man into a woman; and He brought her to

blKn "l)3K''1 23 : D-iNn-b'K nKn"""!
the man. 23Then the man said, nvsn hk't
"This one at last
Is bone of my bones
And flesh of my flesh. n\i;K Kij?"' nK'T"?
This one shall be called Woman,'
iDK-T-nnp'? u/'iKD ^3
For from man' was she taken."
h.im iitucnuin.

c Heb. 'ishithah.
/ Heb ush.
"
TORAH GENESIS 3.13 bere'shit niU7K-i3 A JTiU/KIl min
24Hence a man leaves his father and mother I^KTlKl TiliK-nX \:7''K~nTV^ p'^^V 24
and clings to his wife, so that they become one ; "iriK '^\P'2,h TiHT iriU7K!l V'21^
flesh.
25The two of them were naked,^the man and lnu7Ki niKn D^DTiy nri'<w vrrî^s
no shame. iNow the Dny
3 his wife, yet they felt n'^ri ii/n^nii :iu;u7'3n;' i<b) w
serpent was the shrewdest of all the wild
mn-' ntz;v -i^k niwn nîn 'VsTp ^
beasts that the Lord God had made. He said
to the woman, "Did God really say: You shall

:]Ari yv h'^-n I'^^K'n i<b n^rihii.
not eat of any tree of the garden?" ^The woman
replied to the serpent, "We may eat of the fruit
of the other trees of the garden. Ît is only about "lAn-qlnn iwx yyn nsm 3 :'73x'j ]An
fruit of the tree in the middle of the garden that lyAH i<b^ ^m72 ^'73K'n i<b u^fibi^ iwk
God said: 'You shall not eat of it or touch it, n\i7Krf'?K \ijmn iTax"! ^ : ]in7pri-]3 in
lest you die.'" -^.Ajid the serpent said to the 3 wrihii vy '3 5 :]^n7pn nl)3-k'7
woman, "You are not going to die, 'but God
3^ry inpQJi ^m)2 Q3'73k nvn
knows that as soon as you eat of it your eyes
>^"!^1 6 :
^Ji ^"1^ ^^y °"'n'7K3 nn^m
will be opened and you will be like «-di\dne be-
-niKn '31 '^^Kp'^ "i^yn'îu ^3 r[^î<ri
ings who know-'' good and bad." ^When the
woman saw that the tree was good for eating
nj^ni b'>2\ur[b yvn inmi n^ry^ i^'in
and a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was n73V nu/^K'p-DA ]nni '73K"m. v^^72
desirable as a source of wisdom, she took of its ii;-f='i DH^'JW 'ry njnpsriv :'73k=''!
fruit and ate. She also gave some to her husband, wv'^,] njKn n'^y nsri"} nrt n?3"i''y \3
and he ate. "Then the eyes of both of them were :mAn wnb
opened and they perceived that they were na-
qVnnn wribii. mp"! '7ipTiK iynu7''T8
ked; and they sewed together fig leaves and
lnu;Ki DiKn xnnn'T Di^n nn^ ip
made themselves loincloths.
^They heard the sound of the Lord God mov- :]^n yv T]iri3 u^fibii mn^ '""jSTp
ing about in the garden at the breezy time of
day; and the man and his wife hid from the Lord ]A3 ^nypu; ^^pTiK ^^^2i<h 10 : ns^K '\b
God among the trees of the garden. ^The Lord nnk^TH :K3nKi i3:k D'"T'y-^3 xtki
God called out to the man and said to him, yvn-]y2r\ nnx ui-'V ""s i\b TiAn 'p
"Where are you?" lOHe replied, "I heard the
:n'73K i373n-'73><: ^Ji^n^ ^TfiY "iu;k
sound of You in the garden, and I was afraid
because I was naked, so I hid." 1
1 Then He asked,
"Who told you that you were naked? Did you
:'73KT "I'yn-iTa ^V'njnj Kin îm
eat of the tree from which I had forbidden you nKrr[i2 hwk'p nTl'7K np^^ i?3K=''! 13
to eat?" i2The man said, "The woman You put '>2i<,wn \umri nî^n nnxni n^pv
at my side— she gave me of the tree, and I ate." '[umn-bi^ •
aTi^K nin*' "iTpk'i i^ : "tski
i3And the Lord God said to the woman, "What hw n"'u;y "'3
g Heb. 'arummim, play on 'arum "shrewd" in 3.1.
a-a Others "God, who knows.

TORAH GENESIS 3.13 bere'shit n-iu/K-ia J n"'U/K~i::i n-nn
is this you have done!" The woman replied,
"The serpent duped me, and I ate." '''Then the
Lord God said to the serpent,
"Because you did this,
More cursed shall you be

Than all cattle
And all the wild beasts:
On your belly shall you crawl n^WK I nn-iKi 's
And dirt shall you eat
All the days of your life.
151 will put enmity \:7K"i yiQiu;"' Kin

Between you and the woman,
And between your offspring and hers;
They shall strike at your head.

And you shall strike at their heel."
iÂnd to the woman He said,
"I will make most severe D"'jn "'-|'7ri nyyî
Your pangs in childbearing;
In pain shall you bear children. D : "^n-"?!^)?"! Kim

Yet your urge shall be for your husband,
And he shall rule over you."
'''To Adam He said, "Because you did as your
i3)an b'DKn
wife said and ate of the tree about which I
qninyn nniKH riy-^K

commanded you, 'You shall not eat of it,'
Gursed be the ground because of you;

By toil shall you eat of it
All the days of your life:
'^Thorns and thistles shall it sprout for you. rniwn 3tz;v"nK nb^K)
But your food shall be the grasses of the field;
i^By the sweat of your brow

nn^ b2i(n
Shall you get bread to eat.
nip-fKn-b'K ^']'2W IV
Until you return to the ground
For from it you were taken.
For dust you are.
And to dust vou shall return."
20The man named his wife Eve,*" because she •"3 mn inu/K d\:; uikti Nnp'vo
was the mother of all the living.' ^'And the
mn^ Vvi-' :"'n"'73 dk tm}'':! K^r^
Lord (iod made garments of skins for Adam
and his wife, and clothed them.
b Heb. hjwwah.
f Heb. hay.
TORAH GENESIS 4.10 bereshit nû/Knn t nit:;Knn nmn
22And the Lord God said, "Now that the man h^n b-TKH ]n n"'ri'7K mn^ i
i)?k''t 22
has become hke one of us, knowing good and
bad, what if he should stretch out his hand and
take also from the tree of life and eat, and live
forever!" 23So the Lord God banished him from

the garden of Eden, to till the soil from which
he was taken. -'iHe drove the man out, and sta-
tioned east of the garden of Eden the cherubim
and the fiery ever-turning sword, to guard the "in^-nx î2\ub n3QrTJ-i?3ri h-inn vrib
way to the tree of life.
i Now the man knew« his wife Eve, and she

conceived and bore Cain, saying, "I have
gained^ a male child with the help of the Lord."
'^nn-riK vriK-riK ni^^ ^vr\]2 •.nyi';
2She then bore his brother Abel. Abel became
ili; r[iri i^pi ]Ky ny'^ ^'^nrr-'nî
a keeper of sheep, and Cain became a tiller of
n??p Pi? Knî
n-ipi
the soil. 3ln the course of time, Cain brought yfp in^Ts :n?p-|K
an offering to the Lord from the fruit of the
K\:3n b:iri)4 -.urn^b nm?p nrziKn
soil; 4and Abel, for his part, brought the choicest vw^} *]r}:ibnm iJK'y ninb-Dp K^n-nA
of the firstlings of his flock. The Lord paid heed V.\^-~bi<>'\5 :irim?p-'7KT b^rj-bK mn^
to Abel and his offering, sbut to Cain and his 'iky;^ ]-^\?b -inî nyip iib innjp-'^xi
offering He paid no heed. Cain was much ]''\P'bi< mn'^ "upx"! e : vja iâ^T
distressed and his face fell. 6And the Lord said
to Cain,
"^b nnn n)pb^
"Why are you distressed. :^^JD ^b^^ nipb)
And why is your face fallen?

"•^Surely, if you do right, nkp
There is uplift. nip"'!! Kb DKl
But if you do not do right yn-i riKun nns^
Sin couches at the door;
Its urge is toward you,

:'\:i-b\u)2n nnK)
Yet you can be its master."
8Cain said to his brother Abel'^
ni^rrn 'ttii vhk b^n-bi< ]^p_ -inx'"!
. . . and when
they were in the :^nnn:'i vriK b^Tj-bK Dp";, nitîi
field, Cain set upon his brother i^jp.
Abel and killed him. 9The Lord said to Cain,

"Where is your brother Abel?" And he said, "I .•'pJK ^riK ~i?3'iz;n ^nvi^ kb nTOK^'i
do not know. Am I my brother's keeper?"
lOThen He said, "What have you done? Hark,
HE]-) '3 V. 4.
a Heb. yada', often in a sexual sense,

b Heb. qanithi, connected with "Cain.
c Meaning of verse uncertain.
d Ancient versions, including the Targiitn, read "Come, let us go
out into the field."
TORAH GENESIS 4.10 bereshit n-'u/N-ia T JT'U/Knn nnn
your brother's blood cries out to Me from the

ground! "Therefore, you shall be more cursed
than the ground,'' which opened mouth to
its
ir^yn •'3 i-^
:"^7.^^ T'nK ""pthk nnpb
receive your brother's blood from your hand.
V) \^ nn3"nn cipTi-K"? nrnKn-riK
iÎf you till the soil, it shall no longer yield its
strength to you. You shall become a ceaseless
wanderer on earth."
'3Cain said to the Lord, "My punishment is nniKn "'JS "^VP D"i^n ""J^'^ ^îi^°in '••
too great to bear! '-iSince You have banished me n"'ni pKn 12) yj TT'^rn iriDK ?i''J3m
this day from the soil, and I must avoid Your p^ nin^ ^b "iJpK'^'i '^ -.^nin} 'Kya-'?^
presence and become a restless wanderer on
earth —anyone who meets me may kill me!"
;lKy)3-'73 inK-ni3n ^r\b:ib niK i^p'p
'?The Lord said to him, "I promise, if anyone
kills Cain, sevenfold vengeance shall be taken
: py-nnip
on him." And the Lord put a mark on Cain,
lest anyone who met him should kill him. '^Cain
left the presence of the Lord and settled in the -riK i^rii nnni mu/K-riK i^p vxi 17
land of Nod, east of Eden. -i-ivn up K-jp"! Tiv ms ^'n^T "î^n
•'Cain knew his wife, and she conceived and I'r lyvT
"^bl ^V^T^^ bi<>^>^r[)2-nK
bore Enoch. And he then founded a city, and
I'qpb'-nK ibi bi<,p'\n'n^ "^Kif/inn-riN
named the city after his son Enoch. '*^To Enoch
nriKn up nû/j t\\u "^r^b ^b'np.''] '^
was born Irad, and Irad begot Mehujael, and

Mehujael/ begot Methusael, and Methusael
begot Lamech. •'^Lamech took to himself two : njppT brii<. 'Ap''> "'fiK n\ri Kin b2yni<.
wives: the name of the one was Adah, and the -b^ •'fiK n^n Kin b^v vriK du/vi
name of the other was Zillah. -"Adah bore Jabal; nibi Kin-DA nV^T :- : nîiyi niJiD \u^r\
he was the ancestor of those who dwell in tents pip'm u^"i.'n-'73 \uvb '7nin-nK
i^p
and amidst herds. 2 lAnd the name of his brother npyj ninK}
: ]"'i7-'7nin '^n^''
was Jubal; he was the ancestor of all who play
vvj^b "^-nb inK'''! 23
the lyre and the pipe. -Âs for Zillah, she bore
•''îp ]vi2\ij hVvi niy
Tubal-cain, who forged all implements of cop-
And the sister of Tubal-cain was
irnnK najKn "qn^ ""u;^
per and iron.
Naamah.
2-'And Lamech said to his wives,
"Adah and Zillah, hear my voice; T'p-Dj?:' "•nvû; •'3 24
wives of Lamech, give ear to my speech.

:ni;3u;i d"'V3u; "qnî
1 have slain a man for wounding me.
And a lad for bruising me.
^Îf Cain is avenged sevenfold.
Then Lamech seventv-sevenfold."
f Seei.17.
f Heb Mehijacl.
TORAH GENESIS 5.16 bere'shit n-'\yN-in n n"'\yK"in nmn
25Adam knew his wife again, and she bore a
son and named him Seth, meaning, "God has

^-provided me with -ânother offspring in place inn ""s '^nn nnri nriK yni
:];'i7
of Abel," for Cain had killed him. 26And to Seth,
in turn, a son was born, and he named him
Q : mn-" n\:;3 x-ip"? '7rnn tk \:71jk
Enosh. It was then that men began to invoke
the Lord by name.
w^ This is the record of Adam's line. When — k'-jb Di^n DHK riihm -iDp nt I I
God created man. He made him in the likeness

of God; 2male and female He created them. And
Knp"! DHK Tl-in-""! DK-jn nnpJT -I3T2
when they were created. He blessed them and
'>n'>}i D :nK-)iinni;'2iniKb)3\f7-nK
called them Man. —
^when Adam had lived 130
years, he begot a son in his likeness after his im-
im)3iii ibv) niu7 h^m u^\ub\ij nix
age, and he named him Seth. 4After the birth
of Seth, Adam lived 800 years and begot sons

and daughters. 5A11 the days that Adam lived iViJis :nmT Q"'J3 ihv) nw nx)?
came to 930 years; then he died.
6When Seth had lived 105 years, he begot nu;-'rT'T6 d in'nî mu; u^\I;b^;^
Enosh. "After the birth of Enosh, Seth lived 807
: u;lJK-nx ibv) mu; riK^pi n^ju; \ur2n
years and begot sons and daughters. Âll the
days of Seth came to 912 years; then he died.

9When Enosh had lived 90 years, he begot
u^n '^bv^ nju; nlK)3 m'nu/i dîju;
Kenan. lOAfter the birth of Kenan, Enosh lived

815 years and begot sons and daughters. iiAll
the days of Enosh came to 905 years; then he :]j"'j7-nK -[bv^ mu; u^v\ur\ \:71jk
died. IJ-ip-nx lT''7ln i-i.nK \:;1jk ""n^Tio

i2When Kenan had lived 70 years, he begot
Mahalalel. iÂfter the birth of Mahalalel, Kenan 'pT'73
\:;iJK i-in"! n :nmT d\J3 nî""!
lived 840 years and begot sons and daughters.
nj\f; niK)3 yu;rn "'iu; \:;)3n
14AU the days of Kenan came to 910 years; then
he died.
mu7 a-iyû; iJ-ip 'n"'Ti2 d :n'nî
1
5 When Mahalalel had lived 65 years, he begot "LDK iJ-ip "'nîi3 :
'7K'7'7nj3-nx iî"-)
Jared. i6After the birth of Jared, Mahalalel
:nlnT n\J3 i^lî nju; niKn niJîpT
vu;rn aîu; "it^v i^j? ')3"'"'73 14

i"'n;i'!
bkbbrir^ ^n-'}^^ d :n'jpî mu; nix??
Tl^-riK n'l'pln nnx '7K'7'7np ri"') 16
g-g Or "established for me"; Heb. shath, connected with "Seth. n'î"! mu; nlK?3 ninu/T niiu; n"'u;''7u;
TORAH GENESIS 5.16 bereshit n^tt/K-iD n rT'U/K~13 min
lived 830 years and begot sons and daughters.

I'All the days of Mahalalel came to 895 years;
then he died.
iswhen Jared had lived 162 years, he begot
-•nil 19 : -qijii-nK "iî""! nm nK?pi mu;
Enoch. I'Âfter the birth of Enoch, Jared lived
niK)3 npw "qiinTiK n"'^ln nnK t\^
800 years and begot sons and daughters. -"All
the days of Jared came to 962 years; then he died.

-'n:'-'73 iTi;'"! 20 ^.n^22^ wn lbv^ nj\^
-iWhen Enoch had lived 65 years, he begot
Methuselah. --After the birth of Methuselah, Mj-nn "qiJii •n:'}-' q :rinî nj^
Enoch walked with God 300 years; and he begot tn'pu/inn-riK ibv] nju; u^wv;}
sons and daughters. -Âll the days of Enoch nnK 'n'7KrT-nK "îjii q^nrT'i 22
came to 365 years. -Ênoch walked with God;

then he was no more, for God took him.
Îjn 'n^"'73 'n-'v? :nmi a-'jn lbv^
-5When Methuselah had lived 187 years, he
:njU7 nlKn \ub\u^ niuj d^wu/i wtin
begot Lamech. 26After the birth of Lamech, Me-
thuselah lived 782 years and begot sons and
daughters. -"All the days of Methuselah came nîy^np "n"'"! 25 q : d^h'^k inx npb
to 969 years; then he died. '^hv^ 7\;i\u riKJpi m\p a^jnu/i V2\p
28When Lamech had lived 182 years, he begot iTîn nriK n^\i;inp 'n"'}26 iTjipynK
a son. -"Ând he named him Noah, saying, "This
one will provide us relief" from our work and
^"'n=''!27 :nljnT w^^ ibv] ni\u nlKi?
from the toil of our hands, out of the very soil
mu; b^wiî vuin n'7u;in?p ''r2'>-b2
which the Lord placed under a curse." -''OAfter
-)rnT28 3 :n>3^T nju; nlK)? yu/^n
the birth of Noah, Lamech lived 595 years and
begot sons and daughters. 3iAll the days of La-
mech came to 777 years; then he died. -i>3k'7 m 1)3u;-nj;< Kip''! 2-^
:i;?
t'pi''"!
3-When Noah had lived 500 years, Noah be- -j)p ij-'iT ilny:;)pT ^Jt^VJ373 ijnnr *nT"
got Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
"•v^rn u/nn nrnK n-iîn nnK
nr"'n"'i ^2 d : nb^'i mu; niKn yniî
\J When men began to increase on earth and ''2B-bv :i^^b DiKn '^nn-'s ""nî 1
daughters were born to them, 2the divine
beings" saw how beautiful the daughters of men
were and took wives from among those that
a Connetting Noah with Heh niham 'to Lomtort": c{. 9.20 ff.
a Other) 'the jonj of God.

TORAH GENESIS 6.16 noah m 1 ITJU/Kin n-nn
pleased them. — 3The Lord said, "My breath :nri:n nu/K Van wiji hrib injîi
shall not abided' in man forever, since he too is
flesh; let the days allowed him be one hundred

— Dntf/yi HKn vTî vn) it^n Kin nw:^
and twenty years." 4it was then, and later too,
that the Nephilim appeared on earth —when
the divine beings cohabited with the daughters
of men, who bore them offspring. They were njpn Dn^ Mbi) dikh niJs-'7K
the heroes of old, the men of renown.
5The Lord saw how great was man's wicked-
ness on earth, and how every plan devised by
his mind was nothing but evil all the time. 6And
the Lord regretted that He had made man on
earth, and His heart was saddened. ^The Lord
nn)pK nin;" nnK^v :i:n^-'7K ns^vri"'!
said, "I will blot out from the earth the men
whom I created —men together with beasts,
creeping things, and birds of the sky; for I regret
that I made them." SBut Noah found favor with
the Lord.
NOAH
9This is the line of Noah. —Noah was a right-
eous man; he was blameless in his age; Noah nrî^nrirT D-'n'^Kn-riK vn'inn
walked with God. — lONoah begot three sons:
:
n'^r}
Shem, Ham, and Japheth.

nrrriK di^tik n-'n nwb^ m '^bv^ 10
iiThe earth became corrupt before God; the :na^-nK')
earth was filled with lawlessness. K'^nni a"'rT'7KrT î^b y-iKn nnii/rii n
12 when God
saw how corrupt the earth was, for all flesh had ynKH-riK n"'r1'7K Kn^.i 12 : opn pKn
corrupted its ways on earth, i3God said to Noah, "JiK "itz;3-'73 n-'nu/n-'a nnnu/j mni
"I have decided to put an end to all flesh, for n-^ribK -inKîB d :ynKn-'7i7 lan-i
the earth is filled with lawlessness because of nK>)p-^3 ''jQ> Ki htpr'?3 ^p riib
them: I am about to destroy them with the earth.
i4Make yourself an ark of ôp/ier wood; make
nrr^nif;?? -"j^rri nri-'jajp D)pn pKn
it an ark with compartments, and
nar-'yy nnn \b ^W.^^ :nKn"riK
cover it inside
and out with pitch. sThis is how you shall make
1
it: the length of the ark shall be three hundred

nu/yn iu;k nn 15 :nQ'3n yinipT n^sjp
cubits, its width fifty cubits, and its height thirty nnnn 7]-ik n)3K niKn u;'û; nnx
cubits. i6Make an opening for daylight in the n)3K D''u;''7\f7T niinn n)3K nwrin
ark, and ^-terminate it within a cubit of the top.-^^ "7x1 nnri^ ^îî^p "in'yie
1
:nn)3lp
Put the entrance to the ark in make
its side; it
nnnn nn|n n^vJP^^P ^^dji n)aK
with bottom, second, and third decks.
D''u;^tf;T D^ju; D^^rinn Qû/n rT"iya
b Meaning ofHeb. uncertain, :nt:7yn
c-c Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
11
TORAH GENESIS 6.17 noah ra 1 H'lU/Knn mm
'7*'For My part, I am about to bring the

Flood — waters upon the earth — to destroy all
flesh under the sky in which there is breath of

yiK3-iu;K 73 D^nii^n nnnn D"n
life; everything on earth shaD perish. i^But I will
establish My covenant with you, and you shall

enter the ark, with your sons, your wife, and
your sons' wives. ''Ând of all that lives, of all
flesh, you shall take two of each into the ark to

IDT T]riK n-^njih nnnn^'^K K'lnri Vdd
keep alive with you; they shall be male and fe-
male, -oprom birds of every kind, cattle of every
kind, every kind of creeping thing on earth, two : ni^nn^ ^'^k ind^ "73)3 w^w ynyîoh
ofeach shall come to you to stay alive. - For your '
"^^"np nriKVi
•^DK^ -lu/x ~'73N)?-'73?p
part, take of everything that is eaten and store
:n'7DK'7 ur\b^ -^ n-^rn "^"hi^ napKi
away, to serve as food for you and for them."
it
22Noah did so; just as God commanded him,

D''n'7K in'K 7[))i "1U7K Vdd m u/y'i"! 22
so he did.
7 Then the Lord said to Noah, "Go into the "^rT'3-'73T nnN-K'3 m'^h'in^ n^pK''! 1
ark, with all your household, for you alone have

I found righteous before Me in this generation. niinun nnnsn 1 "âjps -.r^^n nm
20f every clean animal you shall take seven
pairs, males and their mates, and of ever)' an-

W'w Kin ninu k^ "iu;k n}pri^n"])p^
imal that is not clean, two, a male and its mate;
ôf the birds of the sky also, seven pairs, male
and female, to keep seed alive upon all the earth.

•*For in seven days' time I will make it rain upon nyn\^ tw "n^^ '•'3 -i
: yiKn-'73 ">:?
the earth, fort>' days and forty nights, and I will
blot out from the earth all existence that I cre- mp"'n-'73TiK "•rr'rDpi rh-h D-iys-iK")
ated." ?And Noah did just as the Lord com-
manded him.
:mn"' imynu/K '7'33 m
^Noah was six hundred years old when the
n^n binjprn mu; niKp u;u;-]3 mi^
Flood came, waters upon the earth. ^Noah, with
his sons, his wife, and his sons' wives, went into
the ark because of the waters of the Flood. 'Ôf
the clean animals, of the animals that are not -]?pi nilnun 'nKin3n"]n ^^ :'7i3arT
clean, of the birds, and of everything that creeps qlyri-[)pi ninp ni]."'K -iu;k nDn3n
on the ground, "^two of each, male and female, D"'iu;'^ :nn~|Nn-'7V wn'-mwK ^31
came to Noah into the ark, as God had com-
n3p3i "13T n3nn-'7K nyhi< m2 u^^vj
manded Noah. '"And on the seventh day the wa-
''^^^^^ 10 : nrriN dtI'^n hiy nu-'K3
ters of the Flood came upon the earth.
12
TORAH GENESIS 7.23 noah nj T JTiU/K^n mm
11 In the six hundredth year of Noah's Hfe, in
the second month, on the seventeenth day of : yn.Krr
the month, on that day Winn nr'^'nynju; niKp-u/u; niu/n n
AU the fountains of the great deep burst apart,
And the floodgates of the sky broke open.
nin
(i2The rain fell on the earth forty days and
forty nights.) i^That same day Noah and Noah's
nin nlnn nrv'?"'^? ^î^p^J
sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth, went into the :inriQj a"'p\i7n n'snKi
ark, with Noah's wife and the three wives of his nl'i D-'ViinK ynKn-b'y nu/An "'n:'ii2
sons — i4they and all beasts of every kind, all cat- Kii n-rn nvn ayyî 13 : nb-^b n^ynnK")
tle of every kind, all creatures of every kind that
creep on the earth, and all birds of every kind,

:nnnrT-'7K nriK t'J^""'U7j n]ub\u^
every bird, every winged thing. isThey came
to Noah into the ark, two each of all flesh in
which there was breath of life. i^Thus they that

entered comprised male and female of all flesh,
-iiQY b3 inrp^ tilyn-'^Di inpp^
as God had commanded him. And the Lord nnrin-'7K m-'7K iK'nîis :iqJ?"'^3
shut him in.
i7The Flood continued forty days on the hu7:n-'73n r^'2p^^ -idt D^'Kini le -.w'^n
earth, and the waters increased and raised the
ark so that it rose above the earth. i^The waters
swelled and increased greatly upon the earth,

yiKri-'7y dv n^yiiiK b^:^)2ri ""n^Ti^
and the ark drifted upon the waters. i9When the
waters had swelled much more upon the earth,
anni nnrirrnK ^Kipî wr^n ^'^'>^
all the highest mountains everywhere under iKjp in-)""! D-'pn nspi 18 : y-iKpi bvu
the sky were covered, ôpifteen cubits higher did •.nmri \:i$-bv nnrin ']b^\^ ynKrT-'7y
the waters swell, as the mountains were cov- y-!Kri-'7V "I'Kp iKD nn,^ n^,r^r\) 19
ered. 2iAnd all flesh that stirred on earth nnnnu/K 'rrnArr b''-irTri-'73 iddî
perished — birds, cattle, beasts, and all the
hpK n"iU7i; U7)pn2o :U''T2\^ri-b2
things that swarmed upon the earth, and all
:nnnn idd;-! umn niA nb'V)?^)?
mankind. 22AII in whose nostrils was the merest
nKri-'7y ti^pnn 1 "it^3-'73 yi^''T2i
breath of life, all that was on dry land, died. 23A11
existence on earth was blotted out — man, cattle,

V-!\i7n"'733T n^nnT npniîni c]lyii
creeping things, and birds of the sky; they were nu7K "73 22 : niKH b:^-] y-^KT^-bv yiii^n
blotted out from the earth. Only Noah was left, nu/K b2'D T'QK3 D"n nn-n)p\f;j
and those with him in the ark. I mi7''rT-'73-nK n)3î23 :inn nnnnn
nnnn-ry qikw npii^n '>;i^-bv 1 ii^k
-]jp inp"! u^twn H'iV""'^! ti^^PT^V

: n3Pi3 iriK "i\^Ki nri]K "ii<\^"'i yixn
13
TORAH GENESIS 7.24 noah nj T n^WKin n-nn
24And when the waters had swelled on the

one hundred and 'God nrriK u^ribK
8 membered
earth
Noah and
fifty
all
days,
the beasts and

re-
all
riKT
-lU/K nnn:an-'73-nK'i n^nn-'73

"ispt 1
-.uv
^^
I I
the cattle that were with him in the ark, and God
y-iKH-'^v nn ""ri'^K "invi n:?n? inK
caused a wind to blow across the earth, and the
Dlnn nryp npo^v :D^)3n idu/^t
waters subsided. -The fountains of the deep and
the floodgates of the sky were stopped up, and
-]p nmn k'73'''i D"'??^n nn"i><:}
the rain from the sky was held back; ^the waters
then receded steadily from the earth. At the end D-'i^nn nYp)3 w^r^ri npn^"! niu/T qi'^n
of one hundred and fifty days the waters di- u/inii nnnn mrn.^ -.nv nxm
minished, -^so that in the seventh month, on the
seventeenth day of the month, the ark came to
mom '^'\bri vri n^Tbrris :u-i"i>f nn
rest on the mountains of Ararat. ^The waters
went on diminishing until the tenth month;

the tenth month, on the first of the month, the
in
: Dnnn wn ik"ij win"?
tops of the mountains became visible.
('At the end of forty days, Noah opened the nb\u'>)' :r[\LJV n\^K nnnn p^n-riK
window of the ark that he had made ''and sent nu;n"'-"tv niî Kiy^ ky'T n-iVrrriK
out the raven; it went to and fro until the waters
had dried up from the earth. «Then he sent out

the dove to see whether the waters had de-
-c]d''7 niJ?? nil^'H HKYn-k'pT ^ : npiKH
creased from the surface of the ground. '^But the
n"'n-'3 nnnrT-'7K vb^ 2^jn^ nÂn
dove could not find a resting place for its foot,
and returned to him to the ark, for there was

water over all the earth. So putting out his hand, Tiv "71111 10 : nnnn-'7K vbK nn'K Knn
he took it into the ark with him. "'He waited -riK nbp c^Dî DnriK um^ nvû;
another seven days, and again sent out the dove )i2vri vbK Knri"]'' :nnnn-]n n^vri
from the ark. "The dove came back to him n-'Qn iq-iu n^T-n'7y mni nnv ny"?
toward evening, and there in its bill was a
ni)3n
:y-i.Kn "717)3 i'7(7-'3 n'J V'^J^
plucked-off'olive leaf! Then Noah knew that the
hb\LJ^) "'"inK W121 ny3\^ liv '7n''^''"! 12
waters had decreased on the earth. '2He waited

:ily ii'7K-mw nQp^-K^T njl^n-riK
still another seven days and sent the dove forth;
and it did not return to him any more.
'Mn the six hundred and first year, in the first yii<r[ bv-12 Dijan uin \u'inb inKS
month, on the first of the month, the waters be- n^m KV"] nnnn npDn-riK m -ipii
gan to dry from the earth; and when Noah re- "•jwrr u/inni'-i :nmKn ""js min
moved the covering of the ark, he saw that the
nwî vînb uv nntyyT npu/n
surface of the ground was drying. ''And in the
second month, on the twenty-seventh day of the

KYI" :inK'7 nr'7K nTf'7N -inT'i'^
month, the earth was dry.
'5God spoke to Noah, saying, "^"Come out
14
TORAH GENESIS 9.5 noah m u nÛ/Kin mm
of the ark, together with your wife, your sons, ntirn-îjn '^riK-iU7K n^nn-'â 17 '.i\r[K
and your sons' wives. ^Bring out with you every

'
-'7V typ'nn t:7)pnrT-'7Dni npnîni iqiyn
Hving thing of all flesh that is with you: birds,
Ylk:! "i^l^l "n^^ ^T^'!'^ ^^^^ Yl^^
animals, and everything that creeps on earth;
v;^'2^ nrKYî is : y-iKri-'7V ^n-ji noi
and let them swarm on the earth and be fertile
-b:2 n^nn-^B 19 :inK vjn-'U/Ji '^^W)
and increase on earth." i^So Noah came out, to-
gether with his sons, his wife, and his sons'
wives. iÊvery animal, every creeping thing, and :nnrirT-])p iky^ uri^rinBp'nb
every bird, everything that stirs on earth came I

'7'3)p
njl"! nrn^b nnm m in^.vo
out of the ark by families. 'iri^sri iqiyn V:2m nninun npnnn
20Then Noah built an altar to the Lord and, nn-riK nin^ nn^î 21 : nnT)35 rib'v bvj^_
taking of every clean animal and of every clean
tqpK-K'p lil'7-'7K HIH^ "l)pK'''l hn-'^ri
bird, he offered burnt offerings on the altar.
niKH nnv? nipiKn-riK ny '7'7i7^
2iThe Lord smelled the pleasing odor, and the
Lord said to Himself: "Never again will I doom
the earth because of man, since the devisings :"'ri"'U7y n\i7K3 'n-'73-nK nian^ Tiv
of man's mind are evil from his youth; nor will ynxn ^pi'b^ 117 22
I ever again destroy every living being, as I have

done.
22So long as the earth endures,
TOT Vi?-")
Seedtime and harvest.
r^b^b) uv)
Cold and heat,
•.^mw^ Kb
Summer and winter.
Day and night
Shall not cease."
^ God blessed Noah and his sons, and said T'jn-riK'i nrriK n''rf'7X :i"in"'i w
to them, "Be fertile and increase, and fill the : yn.Kn-nK iK^ppi iniT tiq xirh nnK'î
earth. 2The fear and the dread of you shall be n''n-'73 bv^ rvyv], a3nni n3K"il)3i2
upon all the beasts of the earth and upon all the
birds of the sky —everything with which the D^n npiKn
earth is astir — and upon the of the all fish sea;
031:^3 ';\'i-'733T ^rf\r\
they are given into your hand. Êvery creature

rv^ry^, 03^ •'n-xin -iu;k V)3V'73 3 : ijrij
that lives shall be yours to eat; as with the green :V3-nK 03^ ""rinj y^v pT3 n^^px^
grasses, I give you all these. -^You must not, how-
ever, eat flesh with its life-blood in it. 5But for -73 ^m wniK b3''n'u;3J^ a3pi-nK
your own life-blood I will require a reckoning:
T'nx iir-'K \-^yi iKn tot âjpilK n^n
I will require it of every beast; of man, too, will
I require a reckoning for human life, of every
man for that of his fellow man!
15
TORAH GENESIS 9.6 noah m u nÛ/Kin n-nn
^Whoever sheds the blood of man,

By man shall his blood be shed;
For in His image
Did God make man.
'Be fertile, then, and increase; abound on the
-in~ii Q^^^l^
earth and increase on it."
Yl^^ ''^"l^ ''?"'''
"^"^P
D :nn
8And God said to Noah and to his sons with
him, 9"! now establish My covenant with you lnK VJ^'^^KT nr'^K wrib^ inKî^
and your offspring to come, '"and with every

living thing that is with you — birds, cattle, and nki 1" :np"'inK DDynrriKT d^pik
every wild beast as well — all that have come out
of the ark, every living thing on earth. "I will
maintain My covenant with you: never again

shall all tlesh be cut off by the waters of a flood,
and never again shall there be a flood to destroy
the earth."
'7inn liy n-jnTkbî b^)2n "'lap ~ilv
'-God further said, "This is the sign that I set :y"iKri nnu;^
for the covenant between Me and you, and every --IU7K hnnn-nlK riKT D"'n'7K nTpK""! 12
living creature with you, for all ages to come.

131 have set My bow in the clouds, and it shall
"nu/p-riK 1.^
^^^^ "^^^
:D'?''i^ J^"'"f'^
serve as a sign of the covenant between Me and
l^ni -"rn nnn niKb nn^ni pyn 'nnj
the earth. i-^When I bring clouds over the earth,
and the bow appears in the clouds, '-'Î will re-

-riK 'ri"iDni5 :]ji73 nu/jp.n nnxiJi
member My covenant between Me and you and
every living creature among all flesh, so that the
waters shall never again become a flood to de-
stroy all flesh. if-When the bow is in the clouds,
I will see it and remember the everlasting cov- Dîy nnn isr'p n^n^N-iT pyn nuj^n
enant between God and all living creatures, all
^^\^:l-b2^2. njn \i^^yb:2 pn^ D-'n'7K J-":!
flesh that is on earth. "That,"
' God said to Noah,
rirbK wribi^ "^W"} '"
: "r"i.i<n-'7y iwk
"shall be the sign of the covenant that I have
established between Me and all flesh that is on
3 : y-iNn"'7y iu/k itîi''73
earth."
'8The sons of Noah who came out of the ark
were Shem, Ham, and Japheth — Ham being the n\Ljb]u 1^ :

]v,p ""iiiK K^n nrn na^") nrn
father of Canaan. '^These three were the sons nY^n n^K
: y-iKn-'73 nyaj n^Kni
of Noah, and from these the whole world
:ai3 yu"! nniKH ^''k m bn^y-o
branched out.
qin^ bm''^ ibu^""! T"!n"p nu;""!-"
-"Noah, the tiller of the soil, was the first to
plant a vineyard. -'He drank of the wine and
lb
TORAH GENESIS 10.7 noah m <
n"'U;K"in mm
became drunk, and he uncovered himself
within his tent. ^2Ham, the father of Canaan,
saw his father's nakedness and told his two
brothers outside. 23But Shem and Japheth took
a cloth, placed it against both their backs and,
walking backward, they covered their father's

n-'HriK bryjQi Dn"'nK m.-iv nx
nakedness; their faces were turned the other ^rm m yi7"T 24 :ix-i k^ nn-'nK npyi
way, so that they did not see their father's na- :]Ui7rT in l^-ntz;y-iU7K nx vv}
kedness. 24When Noah woke up from his wine -ink^'i 25
and learned what his youngest son had done to

him, 25he said,
"Cursed be Canaan;
The lowest of slaves
"DGK^l 26
Shall he be to his brothers."
26And he said,
"Blessed be the Lord, up ^rib^
The God of Shem; •Ar^b inv ]i7p ri"'")
Let Canaan be a slave to them.
27May God enlarge" Japheth,
And let him dwell in the tents of Shem;

.mb i;ii; ]vp ^n""!
And let Canaan be a slave to them."
nju; niKn u/û; b'^njan nnx nrTiii 28
28Noah lived after the Flood 350 years. 29And
all the days of Noah came to 950 years; then he
yiz/Ji nr"'?3^-'73 *T'rT;'i 29 : nw n-'ii/nni
died.
10 These are the lines of Shem, Ham, and naî an u\u m-^n nib'in hbk)
Japheth, the sons of Noah: sons were born to :'7i3)2rT nnx n"'j|i urib Mbv]
them after the Flood.
'7nrn ]v^ ""ini mr2^ nm naj '^^2
2The descendants of Japheth: Gomer, Magog,
npni U2\UK nm 'jni 3 : vvn) "qiL/nT
Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. ^The
descendants of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and
Togarmah. ^The descendants of Javan: Elishah
and Tarshish, the Kittim and the Dodanim." nnnsu/p^ '\2\1jbb u/^x nny-ixii
5From these the maritime nations branched :DrT"'iAn
out. [These are the descendants of Japheth] ''

by
their lands —each with its language — their clans
npvii nnnpT n^înT knp ii/ia
and their nations.
:]"i"iT Knu; npvi 'pi ^â^^Pl
^The descendants of Ham: Cush, Mizraim,
Put, and Canaan. 'The descendants of Cush: "'rT<r n^vn noua v. 29.
a Heb. yapht, p/ay on Heb. yepheth "Japheth.
a Septuagint and 1 Chron. J.7 "Rodanim."

b Cf. w. 20 and 31.
TORAH GENESIS 10.7 noah m ^ nÛ/K-in n-nn
Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, and Sabteca. nvr[b bhn Kin I'mrriK ibi \^^2^»
The descendants ofRaamah: Sheba and Dedan. i2^b Tiv^'^^ n''n-Kin'^
-Yl}!^^ ~i^^
sCush also begot Nimrod, who was the first
•"ja^ n^y nlÂ iipja idk-' p"'7V nin-"
man of might on earth. ^He was a mighty hunter
b'2'2 "inp^p)? rrii^Ki. ""nrTiio -^yi^
by the grace of the Lord; hence the saying, "Like
-])3 1
1 : '^v:i\Ij y-iKn m"??! 13i<t -q-iKi
Nimrod a mighty hunter by the grace of the
Lord." '"The mainstays of his kingdom were
Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh^ in the land IPTnKV- :n'73-nKT -\^v nln-i-nxT
of Shinar. "From that land Asshur went forth : n'piArr n-iyn Kin nb^ ]•'2^ mrj i^n
and built Nineveh, Rehoboth-ir, Calah, i2and 'njy-nK") n"''ii'7-nK i^^ anyjpT^
Resen between Nineveh and Calah, that is the -nKT'4 :D''nnQrnKi n-inn^-nKT
great city.
um iKY^ "i\i;K D''n^p3-nKi n-ip-iriB
'Ând Mizraim begot the Ludim, the
D :nnnD3-nKT D''nu;'73
Ananiim, the Lehabim, the Naphtuhim, '-ithe
-riKT 1i33 I'T'YTIK ib^ ]yJ31 15
Pathrusim, the Casluhim, and the Caphtorim,''
whence the Philistines came forth.
riNi nnKn-nK") 'pn-'rT-nK'i '^ :rin
'^Canaan begot Sidon, his first-born, and -riKT "'i7"!vn"riK"i 'inn-riKi 17 : •'u/nîn
Heth; 'fând the lebusites, the Amorites, the n^yn-riKi niiKriTiK"! 18 :''J''pn
Girgashites, '^the Hivites, the Arkites, the nln3i:7n iysj "ipikt 'ri)pnn-nKT
Sinites, '^'the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the p-iyn 'JVJsn b^:\^ ^^^y^"^ :"'JVJ3n
Hamathites. Afterward the clans of the Canaan-
nmp n3K'3 nTV-iv nnn^ n3K'3
ites spread out. ( '^The [original] Canaanite ter-
nbK 2" v\ub-iv DpYT : r[r2ii<.) ri'i'n:;}
ritory extended from Sidon as far as Gerar, near
Gaza, and as far as Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah,

DnYiK3 DHJu;'?'? Dnn3U7)p'7 un-'n
and Zeboiim, near Lasha.) -"These are the de- D :DrT"'m
scendants of Ham, according to their clans and n3i;-'J3-^3 ^3K K^n-DA ib-^ d^'^t-'
languages, by their lands and nations.
-'Sons were also born to Shem, ancestor of D1K ini 2? n-jKT n\i733-)i") "^^ni
-•*
:
^Pl
of Japheth. 22The descendants of Shem: Elam,
ib^ i3y'7i25 :-i3V-nK i'?^ r\b\Lj^ nb\LJ
Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram. --^The de-
scendants of Aram: Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash.
n}b^2 vip^n ""S i^3 inKPT u\ij wn ""Ju;
24Arpachshad begot Shelah, and Shelah begot

Eber. 25Two sons were born to Eber: the name
of the first was Peleg, for in his days the earth '7nK-nNi Dniin-riKV- :n"i";TiK"i
was divided;'' and the name of his brother was '7Kn"'3N-nKT '73ly-nN")2« :nî7TnKT
Joktan. -f'Joktan begot Almodad, Sheleph, n'^-'in-riNT -i3iK-nK"i29 :K3i:>-nKT
Hazarmaveth, Jerah, -^Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah,
280bal, Abimael, Sheba, -"Ôphir, Havilah, and
c Heh. wc-kholnch, better vocalized wc-khullaiuh "all of them

being.
d I.e., the Crelum; mo\-ed up for the sake of clarity; cf. Amos 9.7.
e Heb. i\'tph\cf^h. play ort 'Peleg.'
18
—
TORAH GENESIS 11.10 NOAH nj K^ ITiU/Kin min
Jobab; all these were the descendants of Joktan.
30Their settlements extended from Mesha as far : ni^ri in nnap n^K'n Kji/Kip an\i7i)2
as Sephar, the hill country to the east. 3 1 These
are the descendants of Shem according to their
clans and languages, by their lands, according
to their nations.
32These are the groupings of Noah's descen-

nriK y^Kiii umn nnaj n^km urim:!
dants, according to their origins, by their na-
tions; and from these the nations branched out

over the earth after the Flood.
11 Everyone on earth had the same lan- K"!

guage and the same words. 2And as they mi- nijpn aypjn "n-'is tnnriK nnnii
grated from the east, they came upon a valley
up -ivju; yixn nyp:; iKyp^T
: UU7J'.'!
in the land of Shinar and settled there. ^They
nnVj nnn inyn-'7K \lj'>k npK^"!3
said to one another, "Come, let us make bricks
and burn them hard." — Brick served them as
stone, and bitumen served them as mortar.

nm^ unb n^n "DpnnT ]'2kb nnVri
4And they said, "Come, let us build us a city, ''7"iA)pi T'V ^j^-nnj I r\:in nDkî-i
and a tower with its top in the sky, to make a
name for ourselves; else we shall be scattered riK-)^ mn"" in"."! 5 :y-iKri-'73 ''J3"'7V
all over the world." 5The Lord came down to
look at the city and tower that man had built,

anKn
nat^T iriK dv in nin*' n)3K=î ^ :
6and the Lord said, "If, as one people with one

hnvi nlt^y^ n'^nri r^^^ nb:^b nriK
language for how they have begun to
all, this is
act, then nothing that they may propose to do

.nwvb mv i\uk b'^ unp "lyn^'-K'p
will be out of their reach. ^Let us, then, go down

Kb h\i7K nnDu; up n'7nj"i ninj nnn 7
and confound their speech there, so that they mn;' y^V-^ :^ni;n nat^ \lj'>k ^v'nvj-'
shall not understand one another's speech." ^b^w} y^KTi-b:^ ''i^^'bv QJ^^P nnx
SThus the Lord scattered them from there over "7^3 n)p\f7 Kijp ]li-bv'^ n^yn rinb
the face of the whole earth; and they stopped h\^m ynKn-'73 npp mn^ '7'73 np-^'3
building the city. ^That is why it was called
Babel," because there the Lord confounded^ the
speech of the whole earth; and from there the

Lord scattered them over the face of the whole
nju; riKp-]^ up up riibm n^K 10
earth. -iriK u^n:ip i\^D3"iK-nK lbv^
-riK i"T"''7in nriK DU7-'n'')ii : "713)30
•OThis is the line of Shem. Shem was loo ^2:1 lbv^ mu; nlK?3 ii/nn "ru;3ED"iK
years old when he begot Arpachshad, two years
a I.e., "Babylon."
b Heb. balal "confound," play on "Babel'
TORAH GENESIS 11.10 NOAH m K-- JT'U/Knn n-nn
after the Flood. "After the birth of' Arpach-

shad, Shem lived 500 years and begot sons and ^>n''^^^ .^b^j-ni<. lbv^ nju; w\ijb]u^
daughters.
'-When Arpachshad had
the
lived 35 years,
of Shelah,
he
wn ibv) nw niKn vîki w'ivj
begot Shelah. '-''After birth
r[W wiûbp "in nû/T'-f d inlni
Arpachshad lived 403 years and begot sons and
daughters.
nriK n'pw-'ni}'-^ nny-nx -[bv^
n\Vhen Shelah had lived 30 years, he begot yniKT wûj \Ljb\LJ nni/TiN iT''7in
Eber. '-''After the birth of Eber, Shelah lived 403 D :n^n^ wn ibv} mu; niKw
years and begot sons and daughters. '^bv^ r[W wvJbp^ y?-iK -inv'TT'T '^
i6\vhen Eber had lived 34 years, he begot -riK iT''pin nriK "inv""'n"'i 17 : ji^stik
Peleg. iÂfter the birth of Peleg, Eber lived 430
years and begot sons and daughters.

A'pD-in^}'.^ D :n^n^ u^n ihv)
iswhen Peleg had lived 30 years, he begot
Reu. '"Âfter the birth of Reu, Peleg lived 209
years and begot sons and daughters. u->:\u v\un iîtik iTîn nriK
-•'When Reu had lived 32 years, he begot D :nlni D-'jn iî""! nju; D-'pfopi
Serug. -'After the birth of Serug, Reu lived 207 ~[bv) r\2\LJ uwb^L;^ wnw ivi 'rT'120
years and begot sons and daughters. iT'Vin 'nriK li/n 'n^vi ::m\:;-nK
22When Serug had lived 30 years, he begot
Nahor. '-Âfter the birth of Nahor, Serug lived
200 years and begot sons and daughters.

•"n^v^ ninrriK i"?!""! riw n^vjbp
:4When Nahor had lived 29 years, he begot
Terah. --"Âfter the birth of Terah, Nahor lived

D^nKD -ilnrriK lT''7'in nriK y^î\u
119 years and begot sons and daughters. -ilnj -'nî 24 D : nini wn ibv] nw
26\vhen Terah had lived 70 years, he begot rnnn-riK ibv) nw anu/yi yu;n
Abram, Nahor, and Haran. 27Now this is the line nirrriK lT''7in nriK linj "'n-'vs
of Terah: Terah begot Abram, Nahor, and ibv] nivj nK?pT njip nntyy-ywn
Haran; and Haran begot Lot. 28Haran died in
D"'i;nur n-!n-'n"'i26 d :nini n-'jn
the lifetime of his father Terah, in his native
-riKi ninrnx niiK-riK 'ibi'>) mu;
land, Ur of the Chaldeans. '"Âbram and Nahor
i^b'\'n nnn nnn niîn nbk^ 2- y^n .
took to themselves wives, the name of Abram's

wife being Sarai and that of Nahor's wife Milcah,
]-)rn i"in-nKi linrrifs ni^K-riK
the daughter of Haran, the father of Milcah and 'jQ-'7i; pn ri'n'>y-x ^.v^b-ni<, T'7in
Iscah. ^"Now Sarai was barren, she had no child.
'
'Terah took his son Abram, his grandson lot nvj n^\u^ unb 1^m^ DinK ni?'V9
the son ofHaran, and his daughter-in-law Sarai, n^b-n -nnrnu/K nwi lyu binKTiu/K
the wife of his son Abram, and they set out to-
gether from Ur of the Chaldeans for the land
f Ltl. "After he begot. " and to throughout.
20
TORAH GENESIS 12.9 lekh lekha i? -^b n^ JT'U/Knn n-nn
of Canaan; but when they had come as far as
Haran, they settled there. 32The days of Terah n-'it^? -nxp nriK ii<y;'i in nnnx
came to 205 vears; and Terah died in Haran.
D :nnn nnn n'n^) m\z; niinKipi
-I
^ LEKH LEKHA
-L ^ The Lord said to Abram, "Go forth from
your native land and from your father's house
to the land that I will show you.
21 will make of you a great nation.
b^l^ ûb '^wvi<^ 2
And I will bless you;

I will make your name great,
And you shall be a blessing."

31 will bless those who bless you
And curse him that curses you;
And all the families of the earth

Shall bless themselves by you." •^n 13-inji
-Âbram went forth as the Lord had com-
rnniKn n"n3u;n '73
manded him, and Lot went with him. Abram
'^b''^ r[)n^, vb^ nn^ "iu/k3 ainx '^b^,} -*
was seventy-five years old when he left Haran.

D"'i73u;'i b^ju; u/pn"]^ nnnKl ul^p irix
5Abram took his wife Sarai and his brother's son
Lot, and all the wealth that they had amassed, -nKDinK nj?"!? :]"in?3 inxyn m\z;
and the persons that they had acquired in -'73-nK") i^nK-]3 ul'7-nKi iriu/K nt^
Haran; and they set out for the land of Canaan. -"iit/K u;3|ri-nKT lu/iji -iu;k um:^-]
When they arrived in the land of Canaan, ]VJ3 HY-iK n^'p^ iky;'! ]-inn wv
6Abram passed through the land as far as the
yiKn bniK iny;'! (^ : ]yj3 hyik ik3^t
site of Shechem, at the terebinth of Moreh. The
^jyjan'i nnin ]l'7x ly d3u; Dipjp ly
Canaanites were then in the land.
"The Lord appeared to Abram and said, "I
:y-iK3 m
will assign this land to your offspring." And he
'^v;^\b nuK^'T n"i3K-'7K mn^ k-j^'v
built an altar there to the Lord who had ap- nim h\ij inî riKTn ynKn-nx ]r\K
peared to him. ^From there he moved on to the

hill countr)' east of Bethel and pitched his tent, ib'riK n'^HN u='.i '7K-n''n'7 Dip.p ninn
with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east; and
he built there an altar to the Lord and invoked DinK mn^ ni^n Knp"!
yo"! '^
: nin"''?
the Lord by name. ^Then Abram journeyed by
Q :n3A|rT yipji il'7rT
stages toward the Negeb.
a I.e., a standard by which blessing is invoked; cf. v. 3 end.
21
TORAH GENESIS 12.10 lekh lekha l"? i"?
3-' rT'U/Kin min
'"There was a famine in the land, and Abram

went down to Egypt to sojourn there, tor the V^l 1
' : V"1K^ ^^l"? "f.^?""'? °^ "'''^^
famine was severe in the land. 'As he was about HTpnYD

'
-DpK'î Kin"? nni7n "iu;f<:3
to enter Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, "I know''
what a beautiful woman you are. '-If the Egyp-

\\nK iKi"'""'3 n^rni2 -.nK nK-i)3-nD">
tians see you, and think, 'She is his wife,' they
iriK inrn riK'T iriu;K nwKi DnyTpn
will kill me and let you live. '^Please say that
you are my sister, that it may go well with me
because of you, and that I may remain alive :"^^^ji3 'li/Qj nrr-rn ^"iini^n "•'^'nu"';'
thanks to you." IK"!""! njpnyn DinK Kins 'H"'"! 14
HWhen Abram entered Egypt, the Egyptians iiKD Kin nai-ia n^f/KriTiK nyian
saw how very beautiful the woman was. -''Phar-
ny-iQ ntz; nn'K
'
nn'K ib'^ri"''] w")""! 15
aoh's courtiers saw her and praised her to Phar-
aoh, and the woman was taken into Pharaoh's

"iky "i'7""'n^T nni^ys n-iyn npK'pT "^
palace. 'Ând because of her, it went well with
Abram; he acquired sheep, oxen, asses, male and njhKi nnsu/i b''lî^'! D^'i'^ni -]p2^
female slaves, she-asses, and camels.

'^But the Lord afflicted Pharaoh and his
household with mighty plagues on account of :D-inK nvJK nu; "in"i-'7y irr'n-nKi
Sarai, the wife of Abram. i**Pharaoh sent for
riK'rnip "inK^'T Dnnis"? ny-19 ^îpî 's
Abram and said, "What is this you have done

to me! Why did you not tell me that she was
nj^K") Kin ""nnK nipK nnb^y :Kin
your wife? '^Why did you say, 'She is my sister,'
so that I took her as my wife? Now, here is your
^r\b\ij^} 'i:7JK ny~)3 T''7y i;^"'i-tJ :^b)
wife; take her and begone!" 20And Pharaoh put
men in charge of him, and they sent him oflfwith
his wife and all that he possessed.
13 From Egypt, Abram went up into the ^^\\IjK^ Kin Dny?3D d-j^k '7v:'i ^
Negeb, with his wife and all that he possessed,
together with Lot. -Now Abram was very rich

îb'^^ 3 : niini C^D33 njpa3 IKP 133
in cattle, silver, and gold. ''And he proceeded by
nlp)3n-iv '7K-n"'3-"iv"! niiin vvJD-nb
stages from the Negeb as far as Bethel, to the
place where his tent had been formerly, between

nimri alp?3-'7K • -.^vri y:!^ '7K-n"'3
Bethel and Ai, •*the site of the altar that he had
built there at first; and there Abram invoked the
Lord by name. imn"" DU/n D~inK
5Lot, who went with Abram, also had flocks -]Ky 7]'>ri D13KTIN "^brin v^bb-Q^') ?
and herds and tents, ''so that the land could not yiKH DDK Ktf/rKb'V' :n"''7nKT "1i731
h Or "You"; cf. the second penon femintnc form -li in Ituig. 5.7;
ler. 2.20; Mic. 4.13. eu.

TORAH GENESIS 14.2 lekh lekha l"?
^'7 1^ TT'U/Knn n-nn
support them staying together; for their pos-

sessions were so great that they could not re-
main together. "And there was quarreUng be-

tween the herdsmen of Ab ram's cattle and those
of Lot's cattle. —The Canaanites and Perizzites
nnnp
were then dwelling thein — Âbram land. said
-'p'lL 'nn Kr'7K ui^-"?]^ nnnK
Di\:7JK-'3 ^'yh ]''nT ^y-i ]"'nT "rj^rni
to Lot, "Let there be no strife between you and
me, between my herdsmen and yours, for we ^^js^ y-iKn-^3 i<br\'^ :^Jn:]<; 'Hk
are kinsmen. Îs not the whole land before you?
Let us separate:'^ if you go north, I will go south;
and if you go south, I will go north." lOLot
\3 ni!'n n33-'73-nK ni"! T'j-'y-nK
looked about him and saw how well watered was
bip-riK nin;" nnu; '>2^b niûrp n^3
—
i
the whole plain of the Jordan, all of it this was

Dn.yp y"iK3 nin^"]A3 nn?3y-nK"i
before the Lord had destroyed Sodom and
Gomorrah — aU the way to Zoar, like the garden
-'73 riK ui"? i'7nnn=''!ii nvV ^?^^
of the Lord, like the land of Eg}^t. I'So Lot Mj^K nna^"! Dii^Kj ul^ vp""] ]if"i:'n -i33
chose for himself the whole plain of the Jordan,

and Lot journeyed eastward. Thus they parted : D'"iD-[y briK'n n33n n.yn nu;^ ul"?")
from each other; i-Abram remained in the land

of Canaan, while Lot settled in the cities of the
Plain, pitching his tents near Sodom, ^Nqw the i
inhabitants of Sodom^ were verv^ wicked sinners
against the Lord.
'Ând the Lord said to Abram, after Lot had

n3AJT nlQY u\u nnK""i^K QlpKjrr
parted from him, "Raise your eyes and look out -nu;K y"!KrT-'73-nK '>p 15 : TTB^) nnij?.]
from where you are, to the north and south, to

the east and west, i5for I give all the land that I lu/K yiKH -iQv? ^ynrriK 'Jiniî le
you see to you and your offspring forever. iÎ

ynkn "IQ^TIK niJW'7 UîK '731"'-DK
will make your offspring as the dust of the earth,
so that if one can count the dust of the earth,
'7riK;!1 18 : mjriK r(p >p ninn^T ^?1>^^
then your offspring too can be counted. ^'Up,
walk about the land, through
"IU7K xnpn 'j'7K3 ni^j'.i k3î ninx
its length and its
breadth, for I give it to you." ^Ând Abram 3 -.'nrn^b nnm u;"13;'T pinns
moved his tent, and came to dwell at the
terebinths of Mamre, which are in Hebron; and

he built an altar there to the Lord.
14 Now, when King Amraphel of Shinar,

King Arioch of Ellasar, King Chedorlaomer of
Elam, and King Tidal of Goiim -made war on -nK r[iQnbi2 w^- -.urn "q^n "^.Vl^l
a ii'f. "Please separate from me.'
23
TORAH GENESIS 14.2 lekh lekha l"?
-^h T- JT'WKin n-nn
King Bera of Sodom, King Birsha of Gomorrah, ninv "^bn ywiB-riKT did "^b-n Vnii
King Shinab of Admah, King Shemeber of
Zeboiim, and the king of Bela, which is Zoar,
âll the latter joined forces at the Valley of

: n^pian n''^ xin w^wri priiJ-bK îin
Siddim, now the Dead Sea.*^ ^Twelve years they
"iDi;'p~l"i3"nN nny nju; nnt^y n"'ri^^ *
ser\'ed Chedorlaomer, and in the thirteenth

°V3"!K3^5 :M'})2 nip n-^pv^\ubp^
year they rebelled. 51 n the fourteenth year
Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him b"'3'7)2rn ini/'p-i-iD k3 nzp nnu/v
came and defeated the Rephaim at Ashteroth- n"inu;y3 dîkditik is""! mK. -iu;n
karnaim, the Zuzim at Ham, the Emim at
Shaveh-kiriathaim, *>and the Horites in their hill D"i-inn nnn-riKi 6 :D"'nnp mm

country of Seir as far as El-paran, which is by
the wilderness. ''On their way back they came
u/ii? Kin usu/n ]"'y"'7K wnî inu/^v
to En-mishpat, which is Kadesh, and subdued
-riK hy^ 'p'7)pyn niu;-'73-nK ^2'l^
all the territon,' of the Amalekites, and also the
"^brz ky;'"! ?*
"inn fyyns niy'^n ""ibKn
Amorites who dwelt in Hazazon-tamar. ^Then
:
the king of Sodom, the king of Gomorrah, the T\bm n)p-|K "^bm nnni? "^bm niD
king of Admah, the king of Zeboiim, and the
king of Bela, which is Zoar, went forth and en-
gaged them in battle in the Valley of Siddim: DÛ '^b'12 '"^yim a'p-'y q'pn -ipyî-rB
•^King Chedorlaomer of Elam, King Tidal of
Goiim, King Amraphel of Shinar, and King
Arioch of Ellasar — four kings against those five.
K'Now the Valley of Siddim was dotted with

"inn n"iK3 n"iK3 wîun pn^) lo
bitumen pits; and the kings of Sodom and Go-

morrah, in their flight, threw themselves into -'73-nK inp'fii :^Da n"iri anKi^^m
them, while the rest escaped to the hill country. :^'2b^) D'?3K-'73-nKT ninyi DID u;3i
'
' [The invaders] seized all the wealth of Sodom 'nK-jn lu/D-j-riNT uib'-riK inpî i;
and Gomorrah and all their provisions, and

: nnpn nw'' Kin") id'?""! ann^
went their way. '^They also took Lot, the son
of Abram's brother, and his possessions, and
b:ipi<. inx n'^^NH Kn?p)? "•j'^Kn ]2\ij
departed; for he had settled in Sodom.
'Â fugitive brought the news to Abram the
iDinK-nnn •''7y3 nm -ijy "•nrfi
Hebrew, who was dwelling at the terebinths of PH) T'DK rrnu/j "'3 di3]< ynw"]!-!
Mamre the Amorite, kinsman of Eshkol and -itf/y ninw ih''3 -'Tb'' V2^2n-ni<.
Aner, these being Abram's allies. '^When p'^rT'i's TT^'l ^1^'? ^^^''
:n""'V
Abram heard that his kinsman had been taken DQi-i"! D3'i vi^VI i<^n n^"''? I DrT''7y
captive, he mustered his retainers,'' born into
his household, numbering three hundred and
eighteen, and went in pursuit as far as Dan. 'Ât
"
a Heb. 'Salt Sea.
b Meaning of Heb. hanikh uncertain.
24
TORAH GENESIS 15.2 lekh lekha i? -p iu TT'U/Knn mm
night, he and his servants deployed against them
and defeated them; and he pursued them as far -nK") nû/in-riK mi nû/n lu;3"ii
as Hobah, which is north of Damascus. i6He
:nyrT
brought back all the possessions; he also
brought back his kinsman Lot and his posses-
D"'3b')3n-nK'i "in'i;^-"i"r3-nK niarrp
sions, and the women and the rest of the people.
i7When he returned from defeating Chedor- pDV Kin n)\LJ pi2V-bK iriK nu/K
laomer and the kings with him, the king of K-iyln u^vj ^br2 p']^-^:2bm is :'q'7)3ri
Sodom came out to meet him in the Valley of •.]vbv bi<}p ]n'D Kirri ]'î)
anj?
Shaveh, which is the Valley of the King. iÂnd
King Melchizedek of Salem brought out bread ]']^bv bi<b bnnK "^nn
and wine; he was a priest of God Most High.'
i^He blessed him, saying,
]'\^bv bK 'qnni 20
"Blessed be Abram of God Most High,
Creator of heaven and earth.
20And blessed be God Most High,
Who has delivered your foes into your hand." ^b-]r) DnnK'^^K Dlp-q^p "inK^"I2i
And [Abram] gave him a tenth of everything. D^^K "i)3K'='"!22 iTi^-n;? u/sini vj^m
2 'Then the king of Sodom said to Abram, bK n"in^-'7K >ii ""ri'Tann D"rp "q^p'^^K
"Give me the persons, and take the possessions bin)p-DK23 :y-iKT uip\LJ np ]1^î;
for yourself." -2But Abram said to the king of
':i'7-"iu;K-'73p njpK-DKT '7vr'q1~!U7 "ivi
Sodom, "I swear'Uo the Lord, God Most High,
•.DnnKTiK 'nnu/yn ""jk "ipK'n kî
Creator of heaven and earth: -H will not take
so much as a thread or a sandal strap of what
p^pm anviin ^b:2K nu/K pn '•1^^324
is yours; you shall not say, 'It is I who made b:2pK hjy -"riK ^^br[ -i\^k "u/jkh
Abram rich.' 24Por me, nothing but what my D :np'7n inp"" an Knpni
servants have used up; as for the share of the
men who went with me Aner, Eshkol, and —

—
Mamre let them take their share."
15 Some time later, the word of the Lord mn nbkn nnn^n 1 npK I W
came to Abram in a vision. He said,
"Fear not, Abram,

I am a shield to you;
Your reward shall be very great."

•.iKri r[^'^rl q-iDu;
2But Abram said, "O Lord God, what can You
give me, seeing that I shall die childless, '^-and
the one in charge of my household is Dammesek Kin '>n-':ii. p^pp']:^^ nni? '^|7in 'djk'i
c Heb. El 'Elyon.
d Lit. "lift up my hand.
a-a Meaning of Heh. uncertain.
25
TORAH GENESIS 15.2 lekh lekha l"? -[b ^v nÛ/Kin n-nn
Eliezer!"-" -Âbram said further, "Since You have

granted me no offspring, my steward will be my ;-'ri'K vj^v "'rT'3-]n mm yii nnnj i(b
heir." ^The word of the Lord came to him in
reply, "That one shall not be your heir; none

: "^py!. Kin ^"'V'2'P ^7<^ '^W^ DI<""'3 HT
but your very own issue shall be your heir." 5He
Krunn nnx^'i nîrin iriK KYiîs
took him outside and said, "Look toward
heaven and count the stars, if you are able to
count them." And He added, "So shall your :Tii;-!T n->r\-> n3 i'? "iipK''"! djik iBob
offspring be." Ând because he put his trust in
'
the Lord, He reckoned it to his merit. ^Tj-'riKyin -iu/k nin"' •'Jk vbK "inK"!
''Then He said to him, "I am the Lord who
brought you out from Ur of the Chaldeans to
yiK nnn mni ""nN "ipx""! » r^np^b -.
assign this land to you as a possession." 'Ând

n'7Ai; nnp v^k "idk""! 9 hû/tk ^3
"''7
:
he said, "O Lord God, how shall I know that I
ini vjbW'D bîf.'i nu/'pwn lv^ nu/'pu/D

am to possess it?" "^He answered, "Bring Me a
-inn*''] n'pK-b'B-riK I'^'nj?;'! m -.b'^m
three-year-old heifer, a three-year-old she-
goat, a three-year-old ram, a turtledove, and a ni<.-}\?b nn^-uz-'K in"! "înn bn'K
young bird." i^'He brought Him all these and u-ivn il"."! " nnn i_) n^^yBr\-bv
other; but he did not cut up the bird. "Birds
of prey came down upon the carcasses, and
:vbv n'psj nVn;^ nDU/n ri-niK njini
Abram drove them away. ' -As the sun was about
mn;' I "ir^s yin yi^ Dnnx"? "t?^"! '-'
to set, a deep sleep fell upon Abram, and a great
dark dread descended upon him. 'Ând He said

to Abram, "Know well that your offspring shall ni^K ""iAn-nK DiT n : nju; niKp y;n-iN
be strangers in a land not theirs, and they shall U7D13 IKY"' i^-nriKT 'DJK ]"i iiny^
be enslaved and oppressed four hundred years; nnis"!'-' ^'^'^}
•''but I will execute judgment on the nation they

shall serve, and in the end they shall go free with
:nniu nn-'u/B ini^n
great wealth. 'Âs for you.
ub]u-i<b -"s mn imu;^ •'y"'n~i liii "^
You shall go to your fathers in peace;

: n3n-iy """I'DKn py
You shall be buried at a ripe old age.
"'And they shall return here in the fourth gen- nirri mn nyîî nxii "u/nwn ti;''! i"
eration, for the iniquity of the Amorites is not
yet complete." nrn-> ni3 Ninn DT'n i« : nb^n nnnn

'''When the sun set and it was very dark, there '^nnj Jivnt'? "inKb nnn D~inK-nK
appeared a smoking oven, and a flaming torch
D^YD
-"ly "inan riKTn pKn-nK
which passed between those pieces. '"On that
Tpn-nK 1^'
:n"ia—im Viah nnjn
day the Lord made a covenant with Abram, say-
"nnn-riKVti :"'Jbii7n hkt ^T:[7n-nKT
ing, "To your offspring I assign this land, from
the river of F.gypt to the great river, the river
Euphrates: '''the Kcnitcs, the Kcni/vitcs, the
26
TORAH GENESIS 16.11 LEKH LEKHA l"? -l"?
Tu IT'U/Knn n-nn
Kadmonites, 20the Hittites, the Perizzites, the -nKTsi : D^KQ-in-riKi •'•nEjri-nKi

Rephaim, 21 the Amorites, the Canaanites, the
Girgashites, and the Jebusites."
16 Sarai, Abram's wife, had borne him no 1^ nibi Kb annK n\i7K nu/i I w
children. She had an Egyptian maidservant "Dp^'riT 2 : i^n npp^ nnyn nn^p nb)
whose name was Hagar. 2And Sarai said to
nin^ ""nyi; Krnan d"i:3k-'7k n.u;
Abram, "Look, the Lord has kept me from bear-
nnK •'bm ^nn^vj-bK xrK'n ni'pp
ing. Consort with my maid; perhaps I shall have
njprT! nu7 "7117^ annx vi2\ij'>) m)a?p
i :
a son" through her." And Abram heeded Sarai's
request. ^So Sarai, Abram's wife, took her maid,

hnY?3n "i^n-riK nnnKTiu/K ntz;
Hagar the Egyptian — after Abram had dwelt in nnnx nnu/b' w^vj -it^y yj^n nnnsu;
the land of Canaan ten years — and gave her to nu/iK Dinx'? nn'K ]nni ]VJ3 n^?^^
her husband Abram as concubine. ^He cohab- K"i.rn. -inrii nAn-'7K K'nî 4 nf^b
: "ib
ited with Hagar and she conceived; and when :rT"'rvn nn-inA b^n^ nnnn ^3
she saw that she had conceived, her mistress was
"'^'^bv 'pjpn D-inK-'7K nu7 npK'rris
lowered in her esteem. Ând Sarai said to
"B KnrTi qi7"'n3 ^""nriQu; ""rinj '5jk
Abram, "The wrong done me is your fault! I my-
my maid
'>p^ mn"" U3U7^ n"'rv3 "^pKi nnnn
self put in your bosom; now that she
sees that she is pregnant, I am lowered in her
esteem. The Lord decide between you and me! ^l^^V^ niun nb-wv î^n "qririsu;
6Abram said to Sarai, "Your maid is in your

hands. Deal with her as you think right." Then
Sarai treated her harshly, and she ran away from
her.
njKT riKn n|)3"'K nu; nnnu; nin
TAn angel of the Lord found her by a spring
"DJK ""rrina nu; ^'jsn "i)3Kni ^3'7ri
of water in the wilderness, the spring on the road
:nnn'3
to Shur, 8and said, "Hagar, slave of Sarai, where
have you come from, and where are you going?" "iirinnr'^K '>:iw mn^ "qK^n n^ "i7?k^t ^
And she said, "I am running away from my mis-
tress Sarai."
9And the angel of the Lord said to her, "Go

back to your mistress, and submit to her harsh
treatment." lOAnd the angel of the Lord said
nin^ "lis"??? ^^ ^'?^'''l
'
to her,
"I will greatly increase your offspring,

And they shall be too many to count."
I'The angel of the Lord said to her further,

HK-ina ' bv -tm v. 5.
"Behold, you are with child
a Lit. "be built up," play on ben "son" and banah "build up."
27
TORAH GENESIS 16.11 LEKH LEKHA •]b
l"? Tu rfWK-in n-nn
And shall bear a son;

You shall call him Ishmael,''
For the Lord has paid heed to your suffering.

i2He shall be a wild ass of a man;
DIN N-19 r['>n'> Kim 12
His hand against ever\'one,

b'32 IT
And ever\'one's hand against him;
in b'2 T".")
He shall dwell alongside of all his kinsmen."
-.pWi T'nN"'73 'J3''7yT
'Ând she called the Lord who spoke to her,
"You Are El-roi/'-^^by which she meant, "^-"Have nnK n^'7K "inin nin-'-Diy K-jpni 13
I not gone on seeing after He saw me!"'^ nriK 'rr'N-j ubr] Din nipK ""a ""^"^.bi^
^Therefore the well was called Beer-lahai-roi;'' 'Kl 'n^ IKil -lAn^ K-IJ? ]2-bv !•» : ""Kl
it is between Kadesh and Bered. — 'SHagar bore
a son to Abram, and Abram gave the son that
-IWK lJn-D\^ DinK Kip"! 15 DinK"?
Hagar bore him the name Ishmael. 'Âbram was
-]3 DinNi 16 :'7Ki;)pU7"' "iin ni'?^
eighty-six years old when Hagar bore Ishmael
to Abram.
nin-n"7.'?3 d^ju; u/wt mu; D-'j'nu;
D :D-|3k'7 '7Ky)3U;"'"nK
17 When Abram was ninety-nine years old,
the Lord appeared to Abram and said to him, vbii "inK"! Di3K-'7N r\)n'' n-j;'! n->i\u
"I am El Shaddai." Walk in My ways and be : D-ipn mni ""ja^ "q^prrnn ""lu; '^k-'j^
blameless. Î will establish My covenant be- '>p^ •'nn;! njj;iK"i 2
înlK nn-iK-j •7q;^2'\
tween Me and you, and I will make you ex-
ceedingly numerous."
3Abram threw himself on his face; and God
spoke to him further, -^''As for Me, this is My
covenant with you: You shall be the father of -riK niy nij^tk'î? :um ppn 2i<b
a multitude of nations. 5And you shall no longer •a Dnnnis "^pw n^ni DinK "^nu;
be called Abram, but your name shall be

Abraham,'' for I make you the father of a mul-
•^12)2 D'lD'pm umb "îTinji ikr2 ixnn
titude of nations, '^l will make you exceedingly
^rni 'r^ "•nnn^nN Tinprtv iiNy^
fertile, and make nations of you; and kings shall
nb'w nnn"? un-iib "înn^ î{~iT ]"'3i
come forth from you. "I will maintain My cov-
enant between Me and you, and your offspring :"T'ini< ^yi6i D-'ri'^Kb' '"^^ niTr^
to come, as an everlasting covenant throughout y-iK I

riK T'inK '^Vl\b^ -^b' ""rinj")
the ages, to be God to you and to your offspring D'riy nmiib ]VJ3 VlJi^'^^s riK 'T'ii??
to come. "I assign the land you sojourn in to .-dtI^kV Dn"? •'n"'*'m
"
b I.e., 'God heeds.
f Apparently "God of Seeing.

d-d Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
t Apparently 'the Well of the Living One VVTio s<rj me.
"
a Traditionally rendered 'God Almighty.
b Understood as "father of a multitude.
TORAH GENESIS 17.20 lekh lekha •i?
-p V nWK'^2. n^^n
you and your offspring to come, all the land of
Canaan, as an everlasting holding. I will be their

God."
^'^n nnu^n -iu;k 'nnn nx'T 10 : uri'iib
9God further said to Abraham, "As for you,
you and your offspring to come throughout the

ages shall keep My covenant. lOSuch shall be the
covenant between Me and you and your -]ni 12 : nDîrni 'j-'s nn:a niK"? n^nT
offspring to follow which you shall keep: every "iDp'^B n^b bm'> uî2) njbu;
male among you shall be circumcised. I'You
shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin, and I hmn 13 :KMr\ ^vi-m Kb "i\^k ni)r]n
that shall be the sign of the covenant between nrr^ni ^qd? nipm ^n-'ii i^b-> bm";
Me and you. i2And throughout the generations, I '7'iy') 14 : Dîy nnî"? DDnU/nî -innn
every male among you shall be circumcised at
the age of eight days. As for the homeborn slave

•'rT'i:;i-nK n''pvn Kinn u/Djn nn-i^Ji
and the one bought from an outsider who is not
of your offspring, i^they must be circumcised,
homeborn, and purchased alike. Thus shall My "^nvJK •'lu; nrT-inK"'^>5 '°"'rf'7K n)3K='T 15
covenant be marked in your flesh as an ever- : np\i7 nntp ^s nip npuz-nK Knpri-k'7
lasting pact. i4And if any male who is uncir- nir2T2 'finj ui) nn'K m2'^2^ 16
]^ ^^
cumcised fails to circumcise the flesh of his fore-
skin, that person shall be cut off from his kin;
wm •'^'^n D'^lA^ i^P^D"! Vrij^^-inT
vjEj-"?!/ DrnnK '^'q^ti^ ,v'r['' n|)3)p

he has broken My covenant."
hjU7-nKn ]n^ri '\±b:i "ink"! pnyî
isAnd God said to Abraham, "As for your wife
1 Jpri nju; D-'yu/n-nnn nntf/'Dki ibv
Sarai, you shall not call her Sarai, but her name :
shall be Sarah. i^ i6i will bless her; indeed, I will ^b n"'n'7Kn-'7K nnn^K ijpkîis
give you a son by her. I will bless her so that D''rf'7K nnk'ii 19 : tj-'jq^ n^^n^ "^Kvipu;^
she shall give rise to nations; rulers of peoples riKnpi ]i ^'!\b nn'7"'' "^nu/K nnt|7 ^'7nK
shall issue from her." iÂbraham threw himself ''nn:n-nK 'nnprji pny'' l)pu;"nK
on his face and laughed, as he said to himself,
nnnK iynt^ nb'iv nnn^ iriK
"Can a child be born to a man a hundred years
iÂnd
'nD'15 I mn "'^mvw ^'bKm\ij''b) 20
old, or can Sarah bear a child at ninety?"
iK)p2i in'K "rr'nini ijik ""nnQni inx
Abraham said to God, "O that Ishmael might
live by Your favor!" i^God said, "Nevertheless,
Sarah your wife shall bear you a son, and you

shall name him Isaac;'^ and I wiU maintain My
covenant with him as an everlasting covenant
for his offspring to come. 20As for Ishmael, I
have heeded you. Î hereby bless him. I will make

him fertile and exceedingly numerous. He shall
be the father of twelve chieftains, and I will make
c I.e., "princess."
d Heb. Yishaq, from sahaq, "laugh.
e Heb. shema'tikha, play on "Ishmael.
29
TORAH GENESIS 17.20 lekh lekha i? -[b V IT'U/Kn:! n-nn
of him a great nation. 21 But My covenant I will
maintain with Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear to ntn '\v'\)2b n")tz; •^'7 i'7n -iu/k pny
you at this season next year." 22And when He b^^) rinnKn nm^
biî) iriK "inn"?
'-'- -.
was done speaking with him, God was gone

:DrnnK bvri n-'fibif.
from Abraham.
--'Then Abraham took his son Ishmael, and
all his homeborn slaves and all those he had
bought, every male in Abraham's household,

and he circumcised the flesh of their foreskins -iu;k3 ntn nl^n Di^v^ °^r'")V ""^^
on that very day, as God had spoken to him. n"'yu/ri"]5 nninKT u'>ribi<. inx "iî --i :
-•Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he :ln^-iy nt^n 1'7'Kjnn nw vu/rri
circumcised the flesh of his foreskin, -"ând his
son Ishmael was thirteen years old when he was
circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. -<^Thus
-b^"] '-' : 1J21 S'KVpu;"'! nn-inK bmi nrn
Abraham and his son Ishmael were circumcised
riKD riD3-njp?pT n-in i^b-> in^n -"U/jk
on that very day; -"and all his household, his
homeborn slaves and those that had been
bought from outsiders, were circumcised with
him.
1 O V'A-YERA'
J. O The Lord appeared to him by the Knnn î'7K3 n)^ vbK k-i='i I I
terebinths of Mamre; he was sitting at the iDi^n D'n3 b'ri'KrT-nns nw"' niht
entrance of the tent as the day grew hot. ""U/JK r[\ijbp n;in"i k"i^"! Vpy nw"! 2
^Looking up, he saw three men standing near

vbv D^nYJ
nnsn bnK-ip^ yy^ i<.y^_
him. As soon as he saw them, he ran from the
""jiK "ipK"!-' •n:i'î<. ^nn\lj'>^ '^n'Kn
entrance of the tent to greet them and, bowing
inyn Kr'7]< "^'rv^ in "'nKyn kj-dk
to the ground, -'he said, "My lords," if it please
you, do not go on past your servant. ''Let a little
water be brought; bathe your feet and recline nnpKT YV'? ^^^ ^^W'^"' D3^'7n
under the tree. -"-And let me fetch a morsel of niiyn "IRK 33'7 nyoT n'^-riD
bread that you may refresh yourselves; then go
on — seeing that you have come your servant's
:ri-i3i "lU^K? nU/yn
way." They replied, "Do as you have said."
n-jtp-^N ^^?^^' °i7"!?^ "'n^^l'^
Âbraham hastened into the tent to Sarah,
n'7'D n)?i7 D^KD \ubv; nnn nnNh
and said, "Quick, three seahs of choice flour!
y-] ii73n-'7KV :nlAi; û^yi "^w^b
Knead and make cakes!" ^Then Abraham ran
to the herd, took a calf, tender and choice, and ]n'>] muT "qi ~ii73-]3 ni?""! nn-iaN
gave it to a servant-boy, who hastened to pre- ni?"!" :lnK nlu/y"? "inn''"! "iv^n-'?^
pare it. "He took curds and milk and the calf
in"! nwv -iu;k "-ij73n-j3^ n'pri') nKnn
that had been prepared and set these before
"
a Or 'My Lord.
30
TORAH GENESIS 18.23 va-yera' K-i-ii n-' n''U7K"in n-nn
them; and he waited on them under the tree as
they ate.
9They said to him, "Where is your wife

Sarah?" And he repHed, "There, in the tent."
lOThen one said, "I will return to you next year,''
nnu7"i "^riu/K nnu/"? ]n-n;im njn nvs
and your wife Sarah shall have a son!" Sarah was
listening at the entrance of the tent, which was
behind him. uNow Abraham and Sarah were n''p^3 D^Kn D^jpT nnu/T DnniKi n
old, advanced in years; Sarah had stopped hav- •.u->\p^2 nn'K TTiiub nvrib ^bin
ing the periods of women. i2And Sarah laughed
to herself, saying, "Now that am withered, am

I
:]i7T "inKi nra ""^"nn^n ^^r\b:\
I to have enjoyment—with my husband so old?"
i3Then the Lord said to Abraham, "Why did
Sarah laugh, saying, 'Shall I in truth bear a child,
old as I am?' i^ls anything too wondrous for the
Lord? I will return to you at the same season :]n TTwb^ n^n nys '^'J7K mu/K
next year, and Sarah shall have a son." isSarah I -"a îî?ny i<b ijpK'? 1 nntz; ^n'2^\^ 15
lied, saying, "I did not laugh," for she was fright-
ened. But He replied, "You did laugh."
'JQ-^V ^^\P,p''^ n"'^JxrT b\i7)p ^^2^?^^ 16

i6The men out from there and looked
set
down toward Sodom, Abraham walking with

:nn'7u;'7 um qVn tin-inKi uiv
them to see them off. i^Now the Lord had said,

"Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about
njri'^, vn nnnnKi i« : nu;V "'Jk nu/K
to do, i^since Abraham is to become a great and
populous nation and all the nations of the earth

are to bless themselves by him? i^Por I have sin- ^-iT npu/T vinK in-'n-nKT t'J^tik
gled him out, that he may instruct his children K''nn ]vi2b v^pm npiy nlu/y'p nln^
and his posterity to keep the way of the Lord
:vbv nn^-"i\z;K riK rnnK-'7V nin^
by doing what is just and right, in order that
-'3 nn'ny"! did njpyT nin"' "i)3K'|12o
the Lord may bring about for Abraham what
He has promised him." -^'Then the Lord said,
"The outrage of Sodom and Gomorrah is so
great, and their sin so grave! 211 will go down

to see whether they have acted altogether ac- nmp iD^:''! nû^JKn b\i7)p ijq'''|22
cording to the outcry that has reached Me; if ^,?''"! --^ : nin"' >)^b ipv ^n^v T2r['i'2k)
not, I will take note."
22The men went on from there to Sodom,

while Abraham remained standing before the
Lord. 23Abraham came forward and said, "Will
'7 'j-y
You sweep away the innocent along with the
b Cf. Gen. 17.21; 2 Kings 4.16-17.
31
TORAH GENESIS 18.23 va-yera' K-fi w nÛ/K"!!! n-nn
guilty? 24 What if there should be fifty innocent

within the city; will You then wipe out the place
and not forgive it for the sake of the innocent
n^pn'? ntn -in^3 i nu/vn ^'7 T^bbr[ 25
fifty who are in it? -''Far be it from You to do
such a thing, to bring death upon the innocent
as well as the guilty, so that innocent and guilty
fare alike. Far be it from You! Shall not the Judge

nnpn Ky?pK-aK nhw "iuk"! ^6 : U3u;p
of all the earth deal justly?" 26And the Lord an-

swered, "If I find within the city of Sodom fifty nrnnK iv"!^' :D"!^nv? DipiprT-'?^^
innocent ones, I will forgive the whole place for
their sake." ^''Abraham spoke up, saying, "Here inpn;' ""îkss n^K) nay •'^jkt
I venture to speak to my Lord, I who am but
dust and ashes: -**What if the fifty innocent
K^p iJpkî -i"'yrT-'73-nK nii/nnn
should lack five? Will You destroy the whole city
for want of the five?" And He answered, "I will
not destroy if I find forty-five there." -^But he

•^^Qi<''^ vbK -151^ ily qp^'i ^y : r[W)2r\)
spoke to Him again, and said, "What if forty
should be found there?" And He answered, "I "'7K i)3k''f 3'> : ""V^nKn mny? nti;yK
will not do it, for the sake of the forty." ^Ând lIKYTp-" •''71K nnniKI ""nK^ ^n^, KJ
he said, "Let not my Lord be angry if I go on: "K nu/VK i\ubp uuj
What if thirty should be found there?" And He
i<>yr^^n iTpK'^vî -.u^vjbw u\lj ky^k
answered, "I will not do it it I find thirty there."
^'And he said, "I venture again to speak to my

Lord: What if twenty should be found there?"
And He answered, "I will not destroy, for the 'jik'? -in"'. K'rbK itzk")^'- :Dnu;i;i7
sake of the twenty." 32And he said, "Let not my

Lord be angry if I speak but this last time: What nnyn rT-nu/K Kb nnk^'i nivjv
if ten should be found there?" And He answered,
"I will not destroy, for the sake of the ten."
-bK ini^ n^3 "i^k? ^)'!^^ '^^''^--
33When the Lord had finished speaking to
:'\r2p)2b nu7 nni^Ki Qi7~)3K
Abraham, He departed; and Abraham returned
to his place.
19 1 he two angels arrived in Sodom in the
evening, as Lot was sitting in the gate of Sodom.

When Lot saw them, he rose to greet them and,
bowing low with his lace to the ground, -he said,
"Please, my lords, turn aside to your servant's
house to spend the night, and bathe your feet;
then you may be on your way

3inin ^3 Kb nDK'n DDan"? DnD'7m
early." But they
32
TORAH GENESIS 19.14 va-yera' K-!--! V n''U/K~in n-nn
said, "No, we will spend the night in the square." mn;""! v^K npî iKip DnnyQî 3 : ]'^b^
3But he urged them strongly, so they turned

his way and entered his house. He prepared a
feast for them and baked unleavened bread, and
n"Tp ^\u2K Tiyn ''^^^'] ^^s^"" ^d"^.P ^
they ate.
nyri-'73 ]\pr^V) "iV|P ri;'5rT-'7i7 inpj
"iThey had not yet lain down, when the towns-
people, the men of Sodom, young and old — all
i"? nuK"! bl'7-'7K iKnp'is :nyi?)p
the people to the last man —gathered about the

house. 5And they shouted to Lot and said to him, KY^l^ :DnK nVTJT W^K K^'^ln
"Where are the men who came to you tonight? nnriK n^p nb^^l^ nnnQri \j"\b urjbii
Bring them out to us, that we may be intimate
with them." ^So Lot went out to them to the
-nK"'YlK \LJ^k \v~\i-Kb n]z;K nijn •'riu;
entrance, shut the door behind him, "and said,
nip? ]rjb ^\LJV^ u'h-'bK \TjnK k3
"I beg you, my friends, do not commit such a
wrong. 8Look, I have two daughters who have

wvn-bK ^bK-n n^^îKb pi nn-'j-'i;?
not known a man. Let me bring them out to I njpK'""! ">

: "nip ^7^3 wn IS"'? V""'3 "ini
you, and you may do to them as you please; but nn^-Kii "triKH nnk"! nK'7n-m
do not do anything to these men, since they have nyQ^T uTj)2 r^b nnv ulbu; u'eju/""!
yij
come under the shelter of my roof." '^But they : nbiri inu;^ ^wy iKp bl"?? u/^Kn
said, "Stand back! The fellow," they said, "came
-riK iK^n^T DT-riK b''U7JKn inî^""! 10
here as an alien, and already he acts the ruler!

:™p nb'^n-nKi nn^nn wn'^b^ v^b
Now we will deal worse with you than with
inn nîirr nnQ—iu/k •'U/JKriTixT 'i
them." And they pressed hard against the per-
son of Lot, and moved forward to break the
KYn"? M<.b'>) b^lr-]V^ ippp nnijpn
door. lOBut the men stretched out their hands
and pulled Lot into the house with them, and "^b-m ly ul'7-'7K n"'u;jKn nnk^'"! 12
shut the door. lAnd the people who were at the

'
T'yn 3i^""iU7K "731 "7)171 jni '^'jni ^]nn ns
entrance of the house, young and old, they
struck with blinding light, so that they were
-nx bnpyy n'îria nj.rT DlpTprr-riK
helpless to find the entrance.
:nnnu;^ mn^ iJn'pi^"'"! nyn'; 'J3
i2Then the men said to Lot, "Whom else have
you here? Sons-in-law, your sons and daugh-
'>npb I T'jnn-'7K 1 inTT v\b K^n^
ters, or anyone else that you have in the n-fn Dli7)3ri-])p iky m^p ^53Kh vnj?
city —bring them out of the place. i-^For we are ppypp "rrî Tiyrr-nK mn^ n^nii/p-'n
about to destroy this place; because the outcry

against them before the Lord has become so
great that the Lord has sent us to destroy it."
i^So Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law,
who had married his daughters, and said, "Up,

get out of this place, for the Lord is about
to destroy the city." But he seemed to his
sons-in-law as one who jests.
33
TORAH GENESIS 19.15 va-yera' KT-i u-" IT'WK")!! n-nn
'
5As dawn broke, the angels urged Lot on, say-
ing, "Up, take your wife and your two remaining

daughters, lest you be swept away because of the
iniquity of the city." '^Still he delayed. So the
men seized his hand, and the hands of his wife
and his two daughters — in the Lord's mercy on
Y^^)2 inn3:'i inKYî vb:j mn^ n'pnn:;!
him —and brought him out and left him outside
the city. • ^When they had brought them outside,
one said, "Flee for your life! Do not look behind
you, nor stop anywhere in the Plain; flee to the nnnn nsan-'^Dn I'ni/n-'^KT "^niiK
hills, lest you be swept away." '*<But Lot said to
them, "Oh no, my lord! •'^You have been so gra-

^]n K^?p Krmrii9 pjtk KrbK
'ii'iiiv
cious to your servant, and have already shown
n^V n-'bv i]LJi<^ ^'ipn '7-i^n'! '^'rv^
me so much kindness in order to save my life;
'^DiK i<b ^DJKT 'u/DrriK nvnn'p
but I cannot flee to the hills, lest the disaster
overtake me and I die. ôLook, that town there

:"'npT nv-in '3p.3-|n-]3 ninn \3br2nb
is near enough to flee to; it is such a little place! rTi2p v^:b nnnp nK-Tn n^yn Krniin ^0
Let me flee there — it is such a little place —and

let my life be saved." 2iHe replied, "Very well, vbii nrpK'vi :''u;qj "'nn^ Kin "ly^n
I will grant you this favor too, and I will not
annihilate the town of which you have spoken.
nn)3 22 :n-!3"i '^\^K -I'lyn-riK ""BDn
--Hurry, flee there, for I cannot do anything un-
nn"! nwvb ^dik i<b "is n)3\i; vbrpn
til you arrive there." Hence the town came to
-iiyn-Du; K")}? ]2-b); n)3u; ^K'::i"tV
be called Zoar."
2-'As the sun rose upon the earth and Lot en-
tered Zoar, 2-ithe Lord rained upon Sodom and
Gomorrah sulfurous fire from the Lord out of -bv^ DiD-b'y T'unn nin"'V4 -.rr^^jy
heaven. 25He annihilated those cities and the en- -])2 mn'' riKD wkt nnQA niby
tire Plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities
nnyn-riK ^qQn;'} 2? w-qwh
riKT bkri :
and the vegetation of the ground. 26Lot's'' wife

nm^ n^nyn '>:i\u'^-b3 >ik"i -iz)3n-'73
looked back,' and she thereupon turned into a
"nni T'^,nK'3 inu/K u?nv^ :np~|f<:rT
pillar of salt.
-.nbri n-":^:
-''Next morning, Abraham hurried to the
place where he had stood before the Lord,
^'ând, looking down toward Sodom and Go-
morrah and all the land of the Plain, he saw the
smoke of the land rising like the smoke of a kiln.

yiKH "ivp hbv mn^ ki^t idbh
2'^Thus it was that, when God destroyed the
:
iif^33n iu'ipa
cities of the Plain and annihilated the cities
"lij^n nyTiK D^rib'K nnwn ""n^vv
II Connected with mis' jr "a little place. " v. JO.

-riKy- ]ivuni ]''T'3C v. 2X
h Lit "His."
Lit. "behind him."
34
TORAH GENESIS 20.4 va-yera' KT'T 3 nÛ/Kin n-nn
where Lot dwelt, God was mindful of Abraham

and removed Lot from the midst of the up-
heaval.
30Lot went up from Zoar and settled in the

rii^T "inn nu;",! '^vîi'n ul'? ^bv'^_) 30
hill country with his two daughters, for he was
afraid to dwell in Zoar; and he and his two
daughters lived in a cave. -^Ând the older one
n)pKriT3i -.vrin -"riu/T wn nnyjsn
said to the younger, "Our father is old, and there

is not a man on earth to consort with us in the : ynKH-ba Ti-iia ^^^b:J Kln^ ynkii ]->k
way of all the world. 32Come, let us make our mv nn3u;ji ]-'3 iJ^nK-riK nj^.urj ni"? 32
father drink wine, and let us lie with him, that -riK pi7.U7rn.33 :y-iT irnxn r[m^^
we may maintain hfe through our father."
nn-'Dnn K'nrri Kin nb^b:i ]î Wî^
33That night they made their father drink wine,
nnpu/s VX"^"?! ri''iK-nK :lp\un^
and the older one went in and lay with her fa-
-iTpkri"! 1^111)3)3 '''n;'T34 :*nnipm
ther; he did not know when she lay down or
when she rose. 34The next day the older one said u/wK 'nnp\i7-]n nn"'i7YrT-'7K n"j"'3iin
to the younger, "See, I lay with Father last night;
let us make him drink wine tonight also, and pjiju/ni 35 : y-iT iJ''nK)3 n^njT i)3V •npu;
you go and lie with him, that we may maintain
life through our father." 35That night also they
nnpi:;^ vnpk'pi 1)3V ^"^P^) ^^yv^^
made their father drink wine, and the younger
:n)pj7nT
one went and lay with him; he did not know
when she lay down or when she rose.
:]ri"'nKn uiynm ^rwu p'i.nnT36
nKl)3 m\ij K"]prT! ]i nn^'^îri ibr\] 37

36Thus the two daughters of Lot came to be
with child by their father. 37The older one bore nn''v;^m38 :DprT-iv nKDa-^nK Kin
a son and named him Moab;'^ he is the father
of the Moabites of today. -'Ând the younger also D :ni^rT-iv pJ3V"',p ""nK K^n
bore a son, and she called him Ben-ammi;^' he
is the father of the Ammonites of today.
20 Abraham journeyed from there to the

region of the Negeb and settled between Kadesh
:-i"j>n -ipi mu; i^ni u'li?"]"'^ nu/jiT
and Shur. While he was sojourning in Gerar,
nnK lriU7K TTi\u-bi< nn-jnK "Dpx'î 2
2Abraham said of Sarah his wife, "She is my sis-

nip.^'i "Tna "q^n '"^^Kj-inK nbp") Kin
ter." So King Abimelech of Gerar had Sarah
•q'7)3"'nK-'7K wribK K'nîv^ :nnu7-nK
brought to him. 3But God came to Abimelech
in a dream by night and said to him, "You are -b:j h)3 ji^n 1^7 "inK=;i r[b'>br[ Dl^nn
to die because of the woman that you have :bv:2. n'pyn Kini rinp^nu/K nfi<,ri
taken, for she is a married woman." 4Now nx -ipK^'T ri^bK nnj? tib ']bri^>'2i!^^J
d As though me-'ab "from (my) father."

e As though "son of my (paternal) kindred."
35
TORAH GENESIS 20.4 va-yera' K-fi 3 nÛ/Kin n-nn
Abimelech had not approached her. He said, "O -i)pK Kin Kbn 5 : nnn p"'iy n^ """i^n
Lord, will You slay people even though inno- "HK n-))3K Kin-nrKMT Kin TinK I'p
cent? is my sister!'
himself said to me, 'She
-''He
: HKT ""niU/y '33 TpJ^T ^3n'7-Dn3 KÛ
And she also said, 'Hemy brother.' When
is I
'>:2:ii<i DJ '7113 D-'n'7Kn t'^k nnK'n 6
did this, my heart was blameless and my hands

were clean." Ând God said to him in the dream,
PiM nWV ^^33'7-Dn3 '3 "'FlVi^
"I knew that you did this with a blameless heart,
and so kept you from sinning against Me. That

I
3u;n nnyv :rT''7K vub '^•'nnriib
was why I did not let you touch her. ^Therefore, 'r\-\v2. bbBn^>^ i<.^ri K"'3ri3 ^''Kn-nu/K
restore the man's wife — since he is a prophet, mnn nl)3-'3 yi 3^\i;)? ^j^k-dkt n-'ni
he will intercede for you— to save your life. If
:'^'7-iu;k-'73T nriK
you fail to restore her, know that you shall die,
-b^b Kip"! 1i733 '^'7)3"'3K DSU;""]
you and all that are yours."
7\bi<,r[ D"'-)3iri-'73-nK '^^'V) T'lîif
Êarly next morning, Abimelech called his
servants and told them all that had happened;

and the men were greatly frightened. ^Then rr'U^y-np i"? '^î<^^ nn-!3K'7 "^^'P'^n
Abimelech summoned Abraham and said to 'bv) ''bv nK3n-'3 "q^ TiKun-nnT ^2b
him, "What have you done to us? What wrong -iU7K b"'U;i7)p nb'-]}. nxun 'n3^n)p
have I done that you should bring so great a guilt -inKîio :"'7)3V ^TV i^Vr^*^
upon me and my kingdom? You have done to
n%y 's n''k'^ np nn-!3K-'7K 'n^n"'3K
me things that ought not to be done, '^what,
>3 DTOK hnK^Tii :n;Tn -13-in-nK
then," Abimelech demanded of Abraham, "was
Dli7?33 D''n'7K nK"!''"T'K p~] ^niDN
your purpose in doing this thing?" ""I
-nîi2 :'>r\\LJK "i3i-'7V ""Ji^^n"! rrTn
thought," said Abraham, "surely there is no fear
me because
of God in this place, and they will kill i^^1^ 1-^ .r[]UKb ^b->'^^\^ "'KJKTin
sister, my father's daughter though not my nb -ipK'i'''3K n"'3?p^D''rt'7K 'riK ivnn
mother's; and she my wife. '^So when
became -b:2 '7K n^py ""uryri iu;k ^lon ni
God made me wander from my father's house, "inK nnu; k13J "iu;k Dlp)3n
"''7-"'~inK
I said to her, 'Let this be the kindness that you
:Kin
shall do me: whatever place we come to, say
b''"l3yi ni73T ]i<'^ ^'?'?"'^^ ni?""!
i-i
there of me: He is my brother.'"
iÂbimelech took sheep and oxen, and male nntf; riK i"? :l\ljl^ nn"!3K'? IJ^Î rih^m
and female slaves, and gave them to Abraham; "YiK n^n "r|'7)3^3K "ink"")!^ :inu;K
and he restored his wife Sarah to him. 'SAnd -))3N n•^\ub^ K' :3u; ^Ty3 3iu3 ^•'jb'?
Abimelech said, "Here, my land is before you; -Kin n^n "^''Rk'? qp3 c^'^n ^nn: mn
wherever you please." 'Ând to Sarah he
settle "73 riKI "qriK -IWK S'b'? D-irV mD3 T|^
said, "I herewith give your brother a thousand
DTr'7KrT-'7K orTinK ^'Êin"") r :nn3J')
pieces of silver; this will serve you as vin-
dication" before all who are with you, and
/.If. "u cowring ol the nn . "iciimni; ol latter half of vrnc

utuertiiin.
36
TORAH GENESIS 21.13 va-yera' KT'T N3 JT'U/Kin nmn
you are cleared before everyone." i

''Abraham
then prayed to God, and God healed Abimelech
and his wife and his slave girls, so that they bore
children; i**for the Lord had closed fast every
womb of the household of Abimelech because

of Sarah, the wife of Abraham.
21 The Lord took note of Sarah

promised, and the Lord did for Sarah as
as He had
He had nnT nu/K3 rrwb mn^ \uvl^ n?pK
KD
spoken. ^Sarah conceived and bore a son to
vi\?]^ ]3 DnniK^ nnt^ n^ni "inrn. 2
Abraham in his old age, at the set time of which

Kip"! 3 : wrihK in'K "in'n-iu/K iv^^nb
God had spoken. -Âbraham gave his newborn
son, whom Sarah had borne him, the name of
Isaac. 4And when his son Isaac was eight days
old, Abraham circumcised him, as God had n\z;K3 u^-î nj'?3U;-]n lh pny^-riK
commanded him. ^Now Abraham was a hun- nKp-]3 nrnnKis :D-'rl'7K in'K n^y
dred years old when his son Isaac was born to "i)3krii6 :ij3 pny;" riK i"? i^^nn nju;
him. 6Sarah said, "God has brought me laugh- yn\ijr[-b3 n^pbK ^b ntz/y pny nntf/
ter; everyone who hears will laugh with" me."
"iTpKnv -.-^byn-^^
TAnd she added,
nri'i:iKb^bb)2 ''jp
"Who would have said to Abraham

That Sarah would suckle children!
nnu; am npij-'n
:v;i]p]b ]n 'ni'7^"'3
Yet I have borne a son in his old age."
8The child grew up and was weaned, and bnnnK u/y^.T ^7)3^^1 ib^n bj^^^s
Abraham held a great feast on the day that Isaac :pnv^-nK bmn nv:^ b'\ix nriif/p
was weaned. -nu7K nnvJan -iAri-]3-nK nnu; Knrn. 9

9Sarah saw the son whom Hagar the Egyptian
hnKniio :pny)p arnnx^ nibi
had borne to Abraham playing. I'^She said to
mn-nKT riK-m rTDi<.'r[ vj^} DnnnK'7
Abraham, "Cast out that slave-woman and her
"jn-Qi; nxTn npKrT-]3 wn" k'7 ^3
son, for the son of that slave shall not share in
'>pm n'Kjp "in"iri ynivi ipnY^-DV
the inheritance with my son Isaac." '^The mat-
ter distressed Abraham greatly, for it concerned u^fibK "DaK'T 12 : 'ijn nilK bv ^tj'^^k
a son of his. i2But God said to Abraham, "Do

not be distressed over the boy or your slave; n-itp ^''7K -ipkn "iu^K°'73 ^nnK-'7Vl
whatever Sarah tells you, do as she says, for ^'7 Knp-' pny^n '3 ^bp::i ypu;
:V^l
it is through Isaac that offspring shall be •53 i:in-'U7K -^^b n)pKri-]3-nK uy) 13
continued^ for you. i3As for the son of the

slave-woman, I will make a nation of him, too,
for he is your seed."
a Lit. "for."
b Lit. "called."
37
TORAH GENESIS 21.14 va-yera' Knî K3 rfU/Kin n-nn
'4Early next morning Abraham took some Dn^-ni?;'1 "ij^'ii? i nniîK n3\f7:'ii4
bread and a skin of water, and gave them to Ha- n'D^\u-b:; up "i^n-'7K iri"") uî2 nnrn
gar. He placed them over her shoulder, together
with the child, and sent her away. And she wan-
nnnri-iX3 umr[ i^p'i'? ivnu; iK:n
dered about in the wilderness of Beer-sheba.
:DrT'wn ipK nnn ib'^rrriK "^bu/ni
isWhen the water was gone from the skin, she
left the child under one of the bushes, 'ând

went and sat down at a distance, a bowshot
away; for she thought, "Let me not look on as
the child dies." And sitting thus afar, she burst

"^li?""! ^V3n "îpTiK n^ribK vnw^'i '^
into tears.
'"God heard the cry of the boy, and an angel -•'3 nb

'Ki''n-'7K -iin qV'-njp "iwk''"!
of God called to Hagar from heaven and said
-Kin iipKB "iv^n b'\]?-bi<, n'>rihK ypw
to her, "What troubles you, Hagar? Fear not,
''i?"'T.nrTi ly^n-riK ""ku; •'pipi« -.uvj
for God has heeded the cry of the boy where
he is. '**Come, lift up the boy and hold him by
the hand, for I will make a great nation of him." nK3 K-irii rfrvTiK n-'n'^N np.pî 19
•^Then God opened her eyes and she saw a well

of water. She went and filled the skin with water, -riK D"'r1'7K 'Hîô nyariTix p^n^
and let the boy drink. 20God was with the boy' nl-i -^ri^) "i3"|)33 3W''i biy"*) ny^n
and he grew up; he dwelt in the wilderness and
l'7-ni7n"! ]"!K3 "131)33 31^7""! 21 -.npp^
became a bowman. ^'He lived in the wilderness
Q :Dny)2 y")Kn nipK 1)3n
of Paran; and his mother got a wife for him from
the land of Egypt.
''73"'3T 'n^5?"'3K "inK''T ii.^r[T} n3;3 "'n^l22
22At that time Abimelech and Phicol, chief of DTl'7K i)pK^ Drn3K-'7K iK3V"1t^
his troops, said to Abraham, "God is with you nnyv3 :nt^y nnxnurK V33 i\m
in everything that you do. -^Therefore swear to ^b ipu/n-QK n^n n"'n'7K3 "^b ny3\i7n
me here by God that you will not deal falsely
^^m TT'tz/y-iu/K npn3 '^3j'7i ^}^lb^
with me or with my kith and kin, but will deal
nrnrnu/K ynKn-nyT ""iTpv nu;yn
with me and with the land in which you have
sojourned as loyally as I have dealt with you."
2-»And Abraham said, "I swear it." -^V q'7p"'3KTiK nn~)3K n3im 25
25Then Abraham reproached Abimelech for 'i3y ^hu "lU/K Dîan "ik3 niiK
the well of water which the servants of Abi- TWT. i<b :i'7a"'3N inx""] -'^
:":i'7n''3K
melech had seized. -^But Abimelech said, "I do -i<b nriK-DJT nrn i3iri-nN nu/v ""n
not know who did this; you did not tell me, nor
have heard of until today." ^"Abraham took
1 it
]n''"i '^p2^ ]K'y brT-i3K np.'i 2' : nvn
sheep and oxen and gave them to Abimelech,
3^:11 2« :nn3 nrrw ^n^^2'>^ ':\h'n^2i<.h
and the two of them made a pact. -^Âbraham
:]n'i3'7 ]KYrT nu;33 y3i:/-nK nnn3K
then set seven ewes of the tlock bv themselves.
38
TORAH GENESIS 22.8 va-yera' KT'i 13 n''U/K'i:n min
29and Abimelech said to Abraham, "What mean

these seven ewes which you have set apart?"
30He rephed, "You are to accept these seven n^n nipn n'ii/na ynu;-nK '3 -dok^t 30
ewes from me as proof that I dug this well."
3 'Hence that place was called Beer-sheba/ for

there the two of them swore an oath. 32When
they had concluded the pact at Beer-sheba,
: nri'>ip lynu/j n\LJ -"a yû; -iKin K^rlrl
Abimelech and Phicol, chief of his troops, de- up^l) ynu; -iKnin nnn iniD'132
parted and returned to the land of the Philis-
tines. 33 [Abraham] planted a tamarisk at "iKnn b\uK yu'i33 :D-'n\:7^Q ynK
Beer-sheba, and invoked there the name of the
Lord, the Everlasting God. 34And Abraham re-
sided in the land of the Philistines a long time.
99
^ ^ Some
' time afterward, God put Abraham
'22
to the test. He said to him, "Abraham," and he
answered, "Here I am." 2And He said, "Take
your son, your favored one, Isaac, whom you
love, and go to the land of Moriah, and offer
in'pyn'! nnjan V"!K-'7K '^b-^b^ pny^
him there as a burnt offering on one of the
heights that I will point out to you." 3So early
-i)3"K nu7K nnrin inis hv nb'vb h\u
next morning, Abraham saddled his ass and Vin;") nj^nn nnnnK 3U7:'T3 -.-^^bK
took with him two ot his servants and his son nKT iriK inyj 'Jtp-nK nj?î in'^n-riK
Isaac. He split the wood for the burnt offering, "^b^."] Di??,"! n^V 'YV Vj?:?:''! 1J3 pny-'
and he set out for the place of which God had
told him. 40n the third day Abraham looked
i^j^vriK nrrnnK Kti/î ^\ij^b\i;r[ al^n 4
up and saw the place from afar. 5Then Abraham

nnK^'is :pn"5)3 Dlpjpn-nK k-)"."!
said to his servants, "You stay here with the ass.
The boy and I will go up there; we will worship

and we will return to you."
Âbraham took the wood for the burnt
offering and put it on his son Isaac. He himself h\uh r^b'v'r[ ""Yy-nK nrrnnK ni?''!^
took the firestone" and the knife; and the two -nK") u/KH-riK li^n ni?""! ij^ pny;'"'7y
walked off together. ^Then Isaac said to his fa-
nnk^^v tnm nn-'W ^'2b1^ n^DK)3n
ther Abraham, "Father!" And he answered,
"iK "Dpk""! iîK Dri"i:nK-'7K pny^
"Yes, my son." And he said, "Here are the
firestone and the wood; but where is the sheep
for the burnt offering?" **And Abraham said,
c I.e., "well of seven" or "well of oath."
a Lit. "fire."
39
TORAH GENESIS 22.8 va-yera' K-CT ^3 IT'WNin n-nn
"God will see to the sheep for His burnt offering,

my son." And the two of them walked on to- :i^n-' nn^ju; id"?"! 'jb
gether.
•^They arrived at the place of which God had

n^mn-riK brn^K du; \'y>^ •rT'^KrT
told him. Abraham built an altar there; he laid
out the wood; he bound his son Isaac; he laid

him on the altar, on top of the wood. lOAnd
Abraham picked up the knife to slay his son. -riN ni?""! 11^'riK brnnK n'pu/"'! lo
"Then an angel of the Lord called to him from T'^pK Kip''! '
' : iJ:;i"nK unu/"? n'7DK)3ri
heaven: "Abraham! Abraham!" And he an- I nrnnK n)pK''i n'-nii/n-in mn"" "^k"?)?
swered, "Here I am." '-And he said, "Do not
raise your hand against the boy, or do anything

to him. For now know that you fear God, since
I
b"'rl'7K KT-'S ""rivi? nny i
"'3 "nryî^r^
you have not withheld your son, your favored
i^When Abraham looked up,
^Tn^TiK "^J^-JiK riîi^n iib^ nriK
one, from Me."
his eye fell upon a'' ram, caught in the thicket
by its horns. So Abraham went and took the ram mpn "^np::! TpKJ *nnK '7"'K-mm
and offered it up as a burnt offering in place of
his son. i-*And Abraham named that site -\z; Q.rnnK Knp'i i-i
:iJ3 nnn "nhvb
Adonai-yireh,' whence the present saying, "On' inKT iu;k HKn;' i mn"' Kinrr aipDn
the mount of the Lord there is vision."''
-.rîyv, mn;" "inn Dl^n
'5The angel of the Lord called to Abraham
rr-Jiy n-jiK"'^^ mn"" '^k'?)? Nnp""! '?
a second time from heaven, iând said, "By My-
self I swear, the Lord declares: Because you have
done this and have not withheld your son, your
favored one, '"I will bestow My blessing upon -•'3 17 : TjTn-'-nN "^J3-nK ri3tz;n i(b^
you and make your descendants as numerous \v'y\-n^ n3"iK nnnrn "^^nnK "qin
as the stars of heaven and the sands on the sea-
shore; and your descendants shall seize the gates
:T'3:''k lyu; riK -^v-yi ^y^ D''n
of their foes. iÂll the nations of the earth shall
npv yiKH '•'U h"^ "^VIP ^3i3jprT) is
bless themselves by your descendants, because

brnpK nu/.xv? ii'ppn nvmj "iu;k
you have obeyed My command." '"Âbraham
-iN3-'7N iin? id"?"! ^n^p^^ vy^ybif.
then returned to his servants, and they departed
together for Beer-sheba; and Abraham stayed 3 : ynu; ik;i3 ornnK 2.m y?u;
in Beer-sheba.
20Some time later, Abraham was told,
"MUcah too has borne children to your brother

1-133 yny"nK 21 : -îinK -linj"? d'':3 kih
Nahor: -' Uz the first-born, and Buz his brother,
b Reading 'chad vvifh many Hfb. m«. and anctent versions: text -nnK- IRK nvM2 v. I3.
'ahar "after."
c I.e., "the Lord will set": cf. v. 8.
d Heb. Behar Adonai yera'eh.
40
TORAH GENESIS 23.13 hayyei sarah mu; ''n :;d rriU^Klin mm
and Kemuel the father of Aram; 22and Che-

sed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel" -riKT U7"i^5-nKi itn-riKi nu;3-nKi22
23Bethuel being the father of Rebekah. These
eight Milcah bore to Nahor, Abraham's
linj"? ns'pp nn^T n'px npp npn-i
brother. --Ând his concubine, whose name was
nmi^'^ npu/T 1U7A^"'Qt 24 : nnnnK ""nK
Reumah, also bore children: Tebah, Gaham,
Tahash, and Maacah.
-nK) nnrnxi nnu-riK Nin-aa iVrii
/-\0 HAYYEI SARAH

^^ Sarah's lifetime — the span of Sarah's r\}vj HKn rtw "n vrv^^ :i:3
life —came to one hundred and twent)^-seven
years. -Sarah died in Kiriath-arba — now ]i"inn xin y:n-iK nnpn vrw n)pnT2
Hebron — in the land of Canaan; and Abraham
proceeded to mourn for Sarah and to bewail
inn 1J3 bv'n Dnnnx p^']3 :*nn"3n^')
her. 3Then Abraham rose from beside his dead,
and spoke to the Hittites, saying, 4'T am a

resident alien among you; me a burial site
sell D3?3V nnj^-n-TiiK 'h, ^\v\ Q3?3y ^^jk
among you, that I may remove my dead for
burial." 5And the Hittites replied to Abraham,
saying to him, 6"Hear us, my lord: you are the
elect of God among us. Bury your dead in the

-nx M-kn vj^K "^nnTiK inp irnnp
choicest of our burial places; none of us will
Di?,","! :^0'? "^^P^ ^^2^ n'^^^-x'? 1-inp
withhold his burial place from you for burning
:nn-^jn^ yi^n-nv'? inriwî onnnK
your dead." "Thereupon Abraham bowed low
to the people of the land, the Hittites, ând he
said to them, "If it is your wish that I remove
my dead for burial, you must agree to intercede nnyjD-nK ^'i'"]riîy :nny-]n linQyn
for me with Ephron son of Zohar. '^Let him sell initi/ nypn nu;x l'7-niz7K nb'SDTan
me the cave of Machpelah that he owns, which -n-TiiK'? DDDinn -^b mjn^ x'77p c^d33
is at the edge of his land. Let him sell it to me,
at the full price, for a burial site in your midst."
lOEphron was present among the Hittites; so
'7b'7 nn-^jn ^jmn brrnnK-nx ^nnri
Ephron the Hittite answered Abraham in the
hearing of the Hittites, all who entered the gate
of his town," saying, ii"No, my lord, hear me:
I give you the field and I give you the cave that
is in it; I give it to you in the presence of my uv 'Jq'7 Qri-jnK innu/^'i 12 :^nn inp
people. Bury your dead." i^yhen Abraham
bowed low before the people of the land, iând
41
TORAH GENESIS 23.13 hayyei sarah mu; "n 13 JTiU/KlD mm
spoke to Ephron in the hearing of the people
of the land, saying, "If only you would hear me

out! Let me pay the price of the land; accept it
from me, that I may bury my dead there." '''And
Ephron replied to Abraham, saying to him,
'"^"My lord, do hear me! A piece of land worth
— what ^DnnnK ypu;""! 16 :inp ririp-nKi Kin

four hundred shekels of silver is that be-
tween you and me? Go and bury your dead."

'Âbraham accepted Ephron's terms. Abraham V51K rin-ip 'JTKii "I3T -IU7K iqpiin
paid out to Ephron the money that he had nviXDb "iny ^V3 b\?uj niKi?
named in the hearing of the Hittites — four hun- nu7K n"???)?!! -iu;k ]1i3i; niw 1 up^\) i-
dred shekels of silver at the going merchants'

limu7K nnyKini niwn k^d)? •'js'?
rate.
'"So Ephron's land in Machpelah, near

nn-'n '>p^b r^2^?)2b ornpK^ n^no
Mamre —the field with its cave and all the trees
'» :
anywhere within the confines of that field
passed i^to Abraham as his possession, in the niu; nny^p-b'K inu/K nnw-riK arnnK
presence of the Hittites, of all who entered the
gate of his town." I'Ând then Abraham buried nny)3rii niti/n 017^120 iiyja ynxii
his wife Sarah in the cave of the field of
HKn -ing-n-triK'? ornnK"? p"^^><
Machpelah, facing Mamre — now Hebron— in
the land of Canaan. 20Xhus the field with its
cave passed from the Hittites to Abraham, as

a burial site.
24 Abraham was now old, advanced in
years, and the Lord had blessed Abraham in all DrnpK iDK"!: :b'2^ DnnnN-riK ^13
things. Ând Abraham said to the senior servant
of his household, who had charge of all that he

owned, "Put your hand under my thigh ând
-)\iiK y-iKH 'h'^ki D^Dii^n "'rf'^K "np-'n
I will make you swear by the Lord, the God of
iu;k ""iyjan hunn •'pynipK nipn-K*?
heaven and the God of the earth, that you will
"'3 4
not take a wife for my son from the daughters -bi<,) "'y")K-'7K :l3ni7^1 nU/l"' "'DJK
of the Canaanites among whom I dwell, •^but
will go to the land of my birth and get a wife nnNn-k'? '•'îk inyn vbK "inN''T?
formy son Isaac." Ând the servant said to him, nK-Tn yiKH-'^N nriN riD"?"? T]î<.n
"What if the woman does not consent to follow
me to this land, shall I then take your son back
to the land from which you came?" Âbraham
answered him, "On no account must vou take
a I.e., all his fellow towmmen.

TORAH GENESIS 24.19 hayyei sarah n^v; ''n id ITiU/Xin min
my son back there! "The Lord, theGod of

heaven,who took me from my father's house
and from my native land, who promised me on
oath, saying, 'I will assign this land to your
offspring' — He will send His angel before you,
and you wUl get a wife for my son from there.
8And if the woman does not consent to follow
^nyiwjp rr'ipji "^nnx riD'?^ n\i;Kri
you, you shall then be clear of this oath to me; nm "^

: n)3U7 2wn iib ''n-nK pn nki
but do not take my son back there." ^So the ser- vpifi nnnnx "^-it nnn i^^tin invn
vant put his hand under the thigh of his master .r[\r[ nn'in-'7V '\b v:im
Abraham and swore to him as bidden."^ ''pmn wbm nnu/y i^vn ni^^Tio
lOThen the servant took ten of his master's
u\?^^ n^3 vpK mu-'?^! q'7^1 vni<.
camels and set out, taking with him all the
ninj i^V'bi<> °^"m^ D"^^:"'?^^ ^"p".!
bounty of his master; and he made his way to
Aram-naharaim, to the city of Nahor. i^He

made the camels kneel down by the well outside :n'nK'i^rT riKY ny"? nny ny'? n^?3n
the city, at evening time, the time when women nrnpK ^lix '•'r1'7K nin^ n)pkî 1
r.
come out to draw water. i-And he said, "O uv ipn-nt^VT Dvn î^b Krnnpn
Lord, God of my master Abraham, grant me yv'bv nYj •'djk mrri-^ :DrT"inK •'jik
good fortune this day, and deal graciously with 2i<.\ub n'Ky^ n^yn 'u/jk nlnni wrpri
my master Abraham: '-"^Here I stand by the
spring as the daughters of the townsmen come
out to draw water; i-*let the maiden to whom I
say, 'Please, lower your jar that I may drink,'

îny"? nnSn nn'K np\iji< "q^Varaî
and who replies, 'Drink, and I will also water -ay iDp rT'u;y-'3 :;'ik rrn^ pn:^"'^
your camels' — let her be the one whom You

have decreed for Your ser\'ant Isaac. Thereby
shall I know that You have dealt graciously with n3'7?3-]3 '7K^nn'7 nib^ iu/k riKy^
my master."
-bv npi DrnnK mi<. "ilnj nu;K
i5He had scarcely finished speaking, when
Rebekah, who was born to Bethuel, the son of
MUcah the wife of Abraham's brother Nahor,
came out with her jar on her shoulder, i^xhe inyn yy^ 1- : b:jr[] np K^nrn. nryn
maiden was ven.- beautiful, a virgin whom no
man had known. She went down to the spring, innni ^™ nnu; nnxnTis I'q'ian
filled her jar, and came up. i"The servant ran ^priii^ :inpi:7ni nT-b'y n^3 I'in)
toward her and said, "Please, let me sip a little ly 2kvji<, ~'^^'7)3a'7 da n73K'rii '\np\ur[b
water from your jar." i8"Drink, my lord," she
said, and she quickly lowered her jar upon her
hand and let him drink. i^When she had let him
drink his fill, she said, "I will also draw for your
a Lit. "about this matter.'
43
TORAH GENESIS 24.20 hayyei sarah n-iu; "n id JT'U/K");! mm
camels, until they finish drinking." ^"Quickly n^3 '^vp^^ -in)pnT2o -.rinwb ^b'D-UK
emptying her jar into the trough, she ran back
to the well to draw, and she drew for all his
camels.
nyi^ u/nnn n"? nxnu/p w^Kni 21
-'The man, meanwhile, stood gazing at her,
'^^'[22 :i<b-UK 13-)^ mn^ n-'^ynn
silently wondering whether the Lord had made
his errand successful or not. --When the camels
b''i"'py 'JU71
had finished drinking, the man took a gold 'i'?i?^P î?5 ^t^] °l^
nose-ring weighing a half-shekel,'' and two gold nnK^l 23 : ub\?m ^ni n-yiuv riî;i~^V
bands for her arms, ten shekels in weight.
23"Pray tell me," he said, "whose daughter are -n3 v^K nnK'n"i24 :p'7^ ^^h Dip??
you? Is there room in your father's house for
us to spend the night?" --iShe replied, "I am the

-DA pn-DA Ti^K inK'n'!25 nlm'7
daughter of Bethuel the son of Milcah, whom
T'j?"! 26 : jib'p nli7?p-D5. ^mv nn kIbdd
she bore to Nahor." 25And she went on, "There
is plenty of straws" and feed at home, and also

qnn "ink^T27 -.nrn^b '\n^\p'>^ W^kn
room to spend the night." 26The man bowed
low in homage to the Lord ^"and said, "Blessed "jnj Ti~i."i3 '3JK "ijiK Dyp ^nJ2i<.^ iipn
be the Lord, the God of my master Abraham, :-'liK "'^^(: IT'S nin^
who has not withheld His steadfast faithfulness' n)3K n'>2.b lAni niy^n -^vin yini 28
from my master. For I have been guided on my

1)3\:;t hk ni7ni'7T29 in'pKn Dn^-i?
errand by the Lord, to the house of my master's
-'7K HYinn u;-'Kn-'7K i^^ yiV- ]'^^
kinsmen."
-riKT DTin-nK n'K"!3 1
"'nîô :]-^yr[
2«The maiden ran and told all this to her
mother's household. -'^Now Rebekah had a -riN li7p\z;3i 'in^^<; ''ybv "'ini^ri
brother whose name was Laban. Laban ran out "^K n3-r-n3 inK"? in'nK np3"i n.:?!
to the man at the spring — 30when he saw the •bv in'y njirT) \:;"'KrT-'7K k'3^'! \uî<^n
nose-ring and the bands on his sister's arms, and ^nn Ki3 -i)3K''T3i ipyn-'^v 0""^??^^
when he heard his sister Rebekah say, "Thus the ^n-'îa ''p'JKi yin3 imn rirph r^^^^>
man spoke to me." He went up to the man, who
"u/^Kn k'3^13: :wbmb Dî?'?'! ^""irr
was still standing beside the camels at the spring.
]3n 'VnAH
]r\'>) nnQT] nnîn
3i"Come in, O blessed of the Lord," he said,
"why do you remain outside, when I have made v%'^ Y'nib um^ d"''?)?^'? Kispm
ready the house and a place for the camels?" 32So du;t'1 D\y-'i 33 : m^ "iu;k Dû/Jfcn '''7^1
the man entered the house, and the camels were -DN IV '^^'N kb inK""! '73n'7 T'JQ'?
unloaded. The camels were given straw and :-i3T idK"! nni ">n"i3'n
feed, and water was brought to bathe his feet
and the feet of the men with him. 33But when

food was set before him, he said, "I will not eat
b Heb. beqa'.
c Heb. teben, shredded straw, which in the East is mixed with feed;
cf. V. 32.
44
TORAH GENESIS 24.47 hayyei sarah mw "n 13 JT'U/Knn n-nn
until I have told my tale." He said, "Speak, nin''T 35 03JK DnnnK iny -ipk''i34
then."
34"I am Abraham's servant," he began. 55"The n^bm^ n'riQU/i 'cnny'i nnn t|DD"i hj^nT
Lord has greatly blessed my master, and he has
become rich: He has given him sheep and cattle,
p ^JiK n\i;K nnu; n^rn.36 :nnnm
silver and gold, male and female slaves, camels
-'73-nK l^'in"! nnjpT nnx '>nKb
-i<b n')pK'7 'JiK 'jyû;:'! 37 :i'7-nu7K
and asses. ^Ând Sarah, my master's wife, bore
my master a son in her old age, and he has as- -iu;k "'jyjsn hin?p ^nb hwK njpn
signed to him everything he owns. -"^^Now my -n''n-'7K K^-nK38 :iy-!K^ :ip^ 'djk
master made me swear, saying, 'You shall not
get a wife for my son from the daughters of the '^'7n-k'7 •''7K 'J'"tK-'7K ~IJ?KT 39 :^nb
Canaanites in whose land I dwell; ^^but you shall
go to my father's house, to my kindred, and get
^TinK iDK^pn nb\LJ-> via'? ^riD'pririn
a wife for my son.' 39And I said to my master,
woman
^hb n\FK nnpî "^sit n-'5?yni
'What if the does not follow me?' ÔHe
replied to me, 'The Lord, whose ways I have r[\?m TX41 :-inK n'>^m ^nnBpi^-n
followed, will send His angel with you and make iib-UK) mn^^jn-bK Kinn ^3 ""ri^K)?
your errand successful; and you will get a wife :^n^Kn 'i?:
rr'^rii "^b \m'',
for my son from my kindred, from my father's ''>ribK'n)'n'> ijpkt l^vn-'7K uvri Knxi 42
my
house. -i'Thus only shall you be freed from
adjuration: when you come to my kindred,
if,
nYJ 'pjK njn 43 n-'^y ':\br[ 'djk -iu;k
they refuse you —only then shall you be freed
nxy'^n nTp^yri n^n)
:
n^jpri ]''V-bv
from my adjuration.'
42'T came today to the spring, and I said: O -uyjp Kr 'J"'i7\i;ri ri"'^K "'nnipxT 2k\ijb
Lord, God of my master Abraham, if You nriK-a^ ^^k n"!nxi44 I'q'isTD n^n
would indeed grant success to the errand on nii/KH Kin 3ku;k '^''bi^yb dat nnu/
which I am engaged! 43As I stand by the spring D"iu°"'JK45 :-'™-]n^ mn^ n^sn-iu/K
of water, let the young woman who comes out hKY"' npnn nini 'ii'7-'7K nni^ n^'^K
to draw and to whom I say, 'Please, let me drink nK\i7m. nryn inni nr2:i\u-bv rr'iD'i
a little water from your jar,' 44and who answers,
inlni nri?prii 46 : kj 'rpu/n ri^bK npxT
'You may drink, and I will also draw for your
^\'7nrDî nnu; "inK'ni n^bv'n n^s
camels' — let her be the wife whom the Lord has
decreed for my master's son.' ^sj had scarcely :nni7ii7n D^Vpan d^t npk) ngu/K
finished praying in my heart, when Rebekah -iTpkriT "riK ""p-nn nKJKi rrnx bi<.\i;K)'^7
came out with her jar on her shoulder, and went

down to the spring and drew. And I said to her,
'Please give me a drink.' ^t^She quickly lowered
her jar and said, 'Drink, and I will also water

your camels.' So I drank, and she also watered
the camels. ^71 inquired of her, 'Whose daugh-
ter are you?' And she said, 'The daughter of
45
ORAH GENESIS 24.47 hayyei sarah niu; "n 13 JTiU^K"):! n-nn
Bethuel, son of Nahor, whom Milcah bore to wymn) nsK-S'v btan nt^KT na'^n
him.' And I put the ring on her nose and the
bands on her arms. ^^Then I bowed low in hom-
age to the Lord and blessed the Lord, the God
-n:n-nN nnpb njpK "q-iis ^"'jnjn iwk
of my master Abraham, who led me on the right
way to get the daughter of my master's brother
for his son. -tÂnd now, if you meanto treat my
^b Mnn 'nKTiK npKi nop w^j'v
master with true kindness, tell me; and if not, Ik ]"'n^"'7V nJQKi ^b nnn k'^-nxT
tell me also, that I may turn right or left." : bi<r2v;-bv
soThen Laban and Bethuel answered, "The K^^ mn"")? nnK""! '7Kinm ]2b jv^lô
matter was decreed by the Lord; we cannot :3ip-iK vi •^'^K 1^1 "^pij i<b -inin
speak to you bad or good. 5 1 Here is Rebekah
before you; take her and go, and let her be a wife
to your master's son, as the Lord has spoken.'

nnnni-riK arnnK iny y?3U7 "iu/kb
52When Abraham's servant heard their words
he bowed low to the ground before the Lord

inyn Nyl""!?-^ -.nyi^b n:i^,t(. innu/"!
53The servant brought out objects of silver and npn-)^ ]n'>) Dnpi nnr ''731
HP?""''??
gold, and garments, and gave them to Rebekah l'73K'''154 :rT)2K^1 ^V^^ 1^^ ^^l^^?^
and he gave presents to her brother and her ^r'p^l i)3V""iU7K D'lu/JKm Kin ^nw"!
mother. 54Then he and the men with him ate
.'>pi<.b ^^nb\u "iDK"! ip,22 impî
and drank, and they spent the night. When they
niv^n -lyjn nu;n n?3KT n^riK inN"") ??
arose next morning, he said, "Give me leave to

n^K"! '^^
: q'^n "iriK iwv in d^d^ ijnx
go to my master." ssBut her brother and her
n^'7Yn mn^T ^n'K nriKn-'îs ^^b^
mother said, "Let the maiden remain with us
you may go." 56He n?pK'''T57 •.>pi<.b HD'rKT ijin"?!:; ^d-it
"/-some ten days;-'^ then said
to them, "Do not delay me, now that the Lord :rT'3-nN n'^KWJi niv^b -ivj'? K-ipJ
has made my errand successful. Give me leave '3'7rin rT''7K n^K^'i npni'? iNip"! ?*•
that I may go to my master." 5"And they said, inû;;'T5'> .'r\bK inxni nTrr uz-iNn-ny
"Let us the girl and ask for her reply." 5«They
call
-HK") nnpjn-riNT nnnK ni73-i-nK
called Rebekah and said to her, "Will you go
riK i3-|3:''! 60 : vu/jK-HKi DninK inv
with this man?" And she said, "I will." 59So they
nb nnK"! np2i
sent off their sister Rebekah and her nurse along
with Abraham's servant and his men. ôAnd
unnK
they blessed Rebekah and said to her,
"O sister! n33") "'d'^k'?
May you grow

Into thousands of myriads; -.VKiiu "lyw HK
May your offspring seize
-bv hpij-ini rriniyjT ni^î Dj^ri"! <•'
The gates of their foes."
''•Then Rebekah and her maids arose, mounted
d-d Lit. "days or ten.'

TORAH GENESIS 25.10 hayyei sarah mu; "n riD nÛ/Kin min
the camels, and followed the man. So the servant K^ni 'K'n 'n^ nxn Kinn k^ pn^'^'i 62
took Rebekah and went his way. m\ub pny;' ky;'"! 63 : n^^n ynxia ^pv
62Isaac had just come back from the vicinity
mm Knî Vj-"!; Km nny nljQ'? wiw^
of Beer-lahai-roi, for he was settled in the region
of the Negeb. 63And Isaac went out walkings in
:'7)parT bv-n b'B^\^ pny^nx K'^^\^
the field toward evening and, looking up, he saw
camels approaching. 64Raising her eyes, Re-

hr^n u/'iKH-'p "fnyn-'7K i)3KrT!65
bekah saw Isaac. She alighted from the camel

65and said to the servant, "Who is that man
walking in the field toward us?" And the servânt Dnniri-'73 nx pn^f^"? -rnyn '^^V1^ 66
said, "That is my master." So she took her veil

n^HKn pnY;" nKn^T67 -.n^jv ni^K
and covered herself. 66Xhe servant told Isaac
l^-inm. np^-i-JiK nj?"! ikik ri'w
all the things that he had done. 67isaac then
nnK pHY^ Dniî nnriK;|T n\i7K^
brought her into the tent of his mother Sarah,
a :1K1K
and he took Rebekah as his wife. Isaac loved her,
and thus found comfort after his mother's

death.
25 Abraham took another wife, whose

name was Keturah. ^She bore him Zimran, -riKT ]-ipT-nK "6 ihn] 2 : nniup nnu/T
Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah.
pn\^;'-nKi inn-nxi inpTiKT ]vj'pi
3Jokshan begot Sheba and Dedan. The descen-
-riKi Knu;-nK iî ]\up1^ 3 : niif/TiKi
dants of Dedan were the Asshurim, the
aû/iu^T uy\iJK vri ]ii -"ni xji
Letushim, and the Leummim. ^The descen-
T|"iirn_ nDvi na^v ])ii2 >n^ 4 : d'')3kî
dants of Midian were Ephah, Epher, Enoch,"
Abida, and Eldaah. All these were descendants nniup -"jn n'pK-'73 nv^'?^! yT^Ki
of Keturah. Âbraham willed all that he owned pny;"^ l^-"iU7K-'73-nK nnnnK ]ri='i 5
to Isaac; 6but to Abraham's sons by concubines
Abraham gave gifts while he was still living, and 1J3 pnyi '7V)3 uiibm njnn nnn^K
he sent them away from his son Isaac eastward,
: nip y"iK-'7K HTpip -"n i^fiyn
to the land of the East.
n-iu/K nrinriK ",n""'JU7 \)?^ hVkv
''This was the total span of Abraham's life: one
hundred and seventy- five years. Ând Abraham
IpT nniu nnû/ii arinnx n)2^^ yiris
breathed his last, dying at a good ripe age, old
and contented; and he was gathered to his kin. ih'K nnp'i.y :v?3V"'7k riDKî yntz/i
'^His sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him in the nnyp-'7K T'jn ''7KV)pu;;'"i pny^
cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron son
of Zohar the Hittite, facing Mamre, lOthe field
e Others "to meditate"; meaning of Heb. uncertain,
a Or "Hanoch."
47
TORAH GENESIS 25.10 hayyei sarah m\y ''n ns IT'U^KIQ mm
that Abraham had bought from the Hittites;
there Abraham was buried, and Sarah his wife.
"After the death of Abraham, God blessed his

son Isaac. And Isaac settled near Beer-lahai-roi.
'-This is the line of Ishmael, Abraham's son,
whom Hagar the Eg>T?tian, Sarah's slave, bore
to Abraham. '^These are the names of the sons

n-w nriQu; nny)3n lin ni"?? "i^>f
of Ishmael, by their names, in the order of their

birth: Nebaioth, the first-born of Ishmael,
Kedar, Adbeel, Mibsam, i4Mishma, Dumah,
Massa, i^Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and
Kedmah. i^These are the sons of Ishmael and
n'pKT ^^^^12^1 "lin on n'pK 16 : nnipi
these are their names by their villages and by
-)p:j-u'>w Dn'-funi annyna un'i2\i;
their encampments: twelve chieftains of as
many tribes. — i^xhese were the years of the
life of Ishmael: one hundred and thirty-seven

years; then he breathed his last and died, and :T'?3V'7K riDK""! nW^T yii^l D^JU;
was gathered to his kin. — '^They dwelt from •'J3-'7V i\ui<. mu;-iy n^""!!!)? ^jdu;""! i8
Havilah, by Shur, which is close to Egypt, all T'pK-'^D 'J3"'7V nniii/K HDKn Dnyn
the way to Asshur; they camped alongside all
a :'7Q3
their kinsmen.
TOLEDO! nnb'in
•'^This is the story of Isaac, son of Abraham.
Abraham begot Isaac. 20lsaac was forty years old pnY^

K','
^r[^'^2o :pnY^-nK
K'.
T''7ln nmnK
when he took to wife Rebekah, daughter of
Bethuel the Aramean of Paddan-aram, sister of

]'2.b niriK n-\K ]i3p "'niKn bK^n:i
Laban the Aramean. îlsaac pleaded with the
'n)TTib pfiv "iny'j"! 21 : nii/xV i"? ""^p-iKn
Lord on behalf of his wife, because she was bar-
i"? nny;!'! Kin nnj^y ^2 ln\^K hdj^
ren; and the Lord responded to his plea, and
his wife Rebekah conceived. 22But the children iYyirT'122 rinu/K ni^nn "inrTi mn^
struggled in her womb, and she said, "If so, why n-T njp"? 13"DK "i?3Kni nnnpn u^nr\
do I exist?"'' She went to inquire of the Lord, n)3K''i23 :mni-nN ^'1"]^ "^hn] 'djk
23and the Lord answered her,
"Two nations are in your womb.

Two separate peoples shall issue from your
nns"' "q"'V)3n d^tsk^ ""JV/i
body;
ynK^ DK'7n dn'tt
One people shall be mightier than the other.
And the older shall serve the younger."
:T'yy ini:: niT
24When her time to give birth was at hand, there *Dnin mm m"?"? mn-' ^K'7n''T2-«
fc Meaning of Hcb. uriccrtiiin.
48
"
TORAH GENESIS 26.5 toledot mibin ID n"'U7Knn n-nn
were twins in her womb. 25Xhe first one 1^3 "lilmK pu/K-in Ky:'i25 :njun3
emerged red, like a hairy mantle all over; so they
named him Esau.'^ -^xhen his brother emerged,
p-nnxT 26
ni7yn ntriK nî vfiK ky^
holding on to the heel of Esau; so they named
him Jacob. '^ Isaac was sixty years old when they
were born.
27When the boys grew up, Esau became a
vy w^K wv ^n-') nny^n i'7^pt27
skiUfiil hunter, a man of the outdoors; but Jacob

was a mild man who stayed in camp. 28isaac fa- T'Y-'3 itpvriK pny^ :ir[i^'',) '-» : n-^brlK
vored Esau because "^he had a taste for game;'' 1^.29 :nj7i7TnK nnn'K npnii T'QS
but Rebekah favored Jacob. 290nce when Jacob Kini nitirn-jn wv xnî i^n :ipv']
was cooking a stew, Esau came in from the open,
'JU"'V^rT 3py:'-'7K WV -|)pk=^T30 :C|ii7
famished. ôAnd Esau said to Jacob, "Give me
some of that red stuff to gulp down, for I am
famished" —which is why he was named Edom./
npy;' "ij3k;'13i rn™ inuz-K-ip ]Tb:j
3iJacob said, "First sell me your birthright."
32And Esau am at the point of death,

said, "I ''b Tjrnipb) nmb i^^ln '•p'JK mn iti/y
so of what use is my birthright to me?" 3-^But lb ''^
nvniz^n npy^ nnK'i 33 : nnbn
Jacob said, "Swear to me first." So he swore to :npy:'^ in-jbn-riK isp^'i 1^ vîi;"")
him, and sold his birthright to Jacob. 34jacob

a"'\i;"ti7 iini nn^ iti/y^ jnj npi/T] 34
then gave Esau bread and lentil stew; he ate and
riK iti/y rn^^."! "^b") np^l ^vh '7?^'""!
drank, and he rose and went away. Thus did
Esau spurn the birthright.
D : mbnn
26 There was a famine in the land — aside nynn hn^p y-iK3 hy-i 'n-'i 1^
from the previous famine that had occurred in "^b^^ nn")3K 'p"'^ yri nu/K jiu/Knrr
the days of Abraham — and Isaac went to Abi-
melech, king of the Philistines, in Gerar. 2The
Lord had appeared to him and said, "Do not
go down to Egypt; stay in the land which I point

out to you. 3Reside in this land, and I will be
^DIIKT 3l?3V yriK') riKTH yiKIl "lU 3
with you and bless you; I will assign aU these nV-jKrT"'73-nK )nK '^v^^]b^ yi^-'s
lands to you and to your heirs, fulfilling the oath "i\z;k nynii^n-riK ^"innpn"! '7Kri
that I swore to your father Abraham. 41 will 'ri"'5im4 :-înK nnnnK'? ""nv^^J
make your heirs as numerous as the stars of
^V.l]b •'nnji u^hwri \n3l33 ^^ynrriK
heaven, and assign to your heirs aU these lands,
^ynn i^nnnrn b^ri n'y"iKri-'73 riK
so that all the nations of the earth shall bless
themselves by your heirs — sinasmuch as Abra-
c Synonym of "Seir," play on Heb. se'ar "hair.'

"
d Play on Heb. 'aqeb "heel.
e-e Lit. "game was in his month.

"
f Play on Heb. 'adom "red.
49
TORAH GENESIS 26.5 toledot mi'7in 13 n''\yK~i:i n-nn
ham obeyed Me and kept My charge: My com-

mandments, My laws, and My teachings." :-'n-iini ""nlpn
^So Isaac stayed in Gerar. '"When the men of
'it/jK ^'^Ku;"!" :n"iAn pnyi nu;''.i6
the place asked him about his wife, he said, "She
"B Kin ""nriK "upK"") inu/K'? Dipjpn
is my sister," for he was afraid to say "my wife,"
thinking, "The men of the place might kill me
on account of Rebekah, for she is beautiful."
sWhen some time had passed, Abimelech king
of the Philistines, looking out of the window,

saw Isaac fondling his wife Rebekah. Âbi- :lri\i7K n\?2i riK pnyn pn:i^'' n-im
melech sent for Isaac and said, "So she is your mn "i^K ~"iDK''i piiy;''? ^'?5?"';i>< i<"Ji?''T ^
wife! Why then did you say: 'She is my sister?'" Kin 'JinK n"!)?K q-'Ki Kin "^npif.
Isaac said to him, "Because I thought I might
mnK-]3 'riinK ""a pnv V^k ijok'""!
lose my life on account of her." '"Abimelech
n'>pv nK-rnn '^'p?3"'nK "DpK'i lo : n^^y
said, "What have you done to us! One of the
people might have lain with your wife, and you "^nu/K-riN Di/n inx nSw uvp3 iJ,V
would have brought guilt upon us." "Abi- q'pjp-'nK iv:"!" :awK ^rbv nKnni
melech then charged all the people, saying, n-rn \:;''Kn yian i^K"? DyrT-'73-nK
"Anyone who molests this man or his wife shall :n?pT' nin inu/Kni
be put to death."
m\i75 K^jp""! Kinn y-iK^'pny^ yiP"! 12
'Îsaac sowed in that land and reaped a hun-

dredfold the same year. The Lord blessedTiim,
IV hi^x^ 'qi'^n i\b^,}_ w^kh '^'ipii-^
i-'and the man grew richer and richer until
he was very wealthy: I'^he acquired flocks

and herds, and a large household, so that the in'K iKJi?""! nni n^nyT -ipn mpjpT
Philistines envied him. 'SAnd the Philistines nan n\z;K nnKan-'?^') 15 :D"'riu;b'3
stopped up all the wells which his father's ser- mnnp vnK DninK 'n-'^ T-nx •'inv
vants had dug in the days of his father Abraham,
filling them with earth. 'Ând Abimelech said
to Isaac, "Go away from us, for you have become
:iKn ^m'n
far too big for us."
• ^So Isaac departed from there and encamped
nw"."! Tij-'^mn inn pny ny^n "H^^'T
'^
in the wadi of Gerar, where he settled. '**Isaac

n'-iK^-riK I isn;'"! pny^ :iw^'! "* :d^
dug anew the wells which had been dug in the vnK nninK ""•jp-'n nDn "l\z;^<: D'')3n
days of his father Abraham and which the Phil- DrrinK nm nnK d-'fiu/'ts mnno''"!
istines had stopped up after Abraham's death; Kip—iwK nn\^3 nlnu; in"?
]n)> K-jp"!
and he gave them the same names that his father
"^nn pny-n^v I'lsn"! 1^ :T'nK
had given them. ''^But when Isaac's servants,
inn^vo iD-^Ti D^n "ik2 \i;nKy)p'')
digging in the wadi, found there a well of spring
water, -"the herdsmen of Gerar quarreled with
D^jan ij"? inK"? pny •'vi-dv ii:i 'vn
Isaac's herdsmen, saying, "The water is ours."

"
TORAH GENESIS 26.33 toledot nnVin id JT'Ii'KIl min
He named that well Esek,« because they con-
tended with him. 21 And when they dug another -D3t innî nnriK ik? ^^3n:'i2i -.mv
well, they disputed over that one also; so he D\i7p pnv!! 22 : muu7 nipp Knpî u^bv
named it Sitnah.^ 22He moved from there and
dug yet another well, and they did not quarrel
^''nnrT nnv"""? "t?^"^! riinn-i n)p\z;
over it; so he called it Rehoboth, sa)^ng, "Now
at last the Lord has granted us ample space'" to
increase in the land." vbK Kn:'i24 :u-2w -iK3 um '7i;5i23
23From there he went up to Beer-sheba. ^ribK "ifjJK "i)3Kî Kinn n^;'^5 nin;"
24That night the Lord appeared to him and said,
"I am the God of your father Abraham. Fear not, mnyn ^y-irriK "rT'îni '"^^riDnnT
for I am with you, and I will bless you and in-
K-jp"! n±]i2 u\LJ ]'2i]
25 : -^-^"^v nrilîK
crease your offspring for the sake of My servânt
Abraham." 25So he built an altar there and in-
voked the Lord by name. Isaac pitched his tent

^^bii \bri 'q'7)p"'nKi 26 :-iKn pny-nny
there and his servânts started digging a well.
:lKny-nt^ Vd^'SI ini/n)? h-rnKi '^^^m
26And Abimelech came to him from Gerar, with •'bK DfiKn ynjp pnY;" bn'7K njpKî 27
Ahuzzath his councilor and Phicol chief of his

troops. 27Isaac said to them, "Why have you '"'^'BV I mn^ n^n-'3""iJ"'K"] ixn nTpK"! 28
come to me, seeing that you have been hostile

to me and have driven me away from you?"
28And they said, "We now see plainly that the
n\i;K3i "^^jy^J Kb nu;K3 nvn ^2m
Lord has been with you, and we thought: Let
there be a sworn treaty between our two parties,
Dl^\z;n ^nîâi nlu-pn ^'^bv ^rpv
between you and us. Let us make a pact with bn^ iuv^^jo .nrn'' Tjnn nny nnx
you 29that you will not do us harm, just as we imp''] ^b:î<'>^ nri\f;)p
have not molested you but have always dealt vn^b u/^x ^V2m npin i?3"'3u;:ii 31
kindly with you and sent you away in peace. :Dl'7U73 inxn id^"! pny^ onû/'''!
From now on, be you blessed of the Lord!"
pnv:' nnv î<'=i?"! ^înn Dl^n 1 "'rr'T 32
30Then he made for them a feast, and they ate
nan "iu;k nKnn nnK-'7V 1^7 nri
and drank.
nn'K Knp''l33 :D"'p iJ^.^?? i'^ nnx"!
3 1 Early in the morning, they exchanged oaths.
Isaac then bade them farewell, and they de-

parted from him in peace. 32'Fhat same day D :n-Tn uvn
Isaac's servants came and told him about the
well they had dug, and said to him, "We have
found water!" 33He named it Shibah;'' therefore
the name of the city is Beer-sheba to this day.
a I.e., "contention."
b I.e., "harassment."
c Heb. hirhib, connected with "Rehoboth."
d As though "oath.
51
oRAH GENESIS 26.34 toledot mi"?!;! 13 rriU/K"!:! mm
34When Esau was forty years old, he took to n\i7K ni?""! nju; n^yaiK-i^ wv 'nî 34
wife Judith daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and

Basemath daughter of Elon the Hittite; -^ând
they were a source of bitterness to Isaac and

Rebekah.
97
^ / When Isaac was old and his eyes were
too dim to see, he called his older son Esau and
said to him, "My son." He answered, "Here I
am." -And he said, "1 am old now, and do I not
know how soon may die. ^Take your gear, your

I
Kyi ']n\ijp_'\ 3i:'^ri ^•'^D ^.r^^ '^^Vl
-^
quiver and bow, and go out into the open and

"''7-niyyi'i :TY miy ''7 nniYT ni\^n
hunt me some game. ''Then prepare a dish for
me such as I like, and bring it to me to eat, so
that I may give you my innermost blessing be- D-iu:n 'U7QJ "il?"!.^^
ii?i(? ^^?^)
fore I die."
5Rebekah had been listening as Isaac spoke

to his son Esau. When Esau had gone out into
the open to hunt game to bring home, ^Rebekah
'i'DKb nn lpy:'-'7K nnnK ni^nni^
said to her son Jacob, "I overheard your father
wv-bi< nnnn ^'^K-nK 'nvp^ nan
speaking to your brother Esau, saying, ^'Bring
me some game and prepare a dish for me to eat,
that I may bless you, with the Lord's approval, nin"' •'jab' nDDnnKi h^dkt d'-kivud
before I die.' ^Now, my son, listen carefully as
I instruct you. ^Go to the flock and fetch me -'7K Kr^'?^ i-i^n'K myn ^jk "iwk^
two choice kids, and I will make of them a dish
"'nu n-'-Ti; '"'"i^ ^w um ''b-^\;>^ ]NYn
for your father, such as he likes. '"Then take it
-IU7K3 TinK"? "'pyu)? onK hwvkt
to your father to eat, in order that he may bless
"Jacob answered
-inyn "^DKi T"^^^ riKimn) :nnK
you before he dies." his
mother Rebekah, "But my brother Esau is a
hairy man and I am smooth-skinned. '2If my nvu; \i)î<. ^tik w:j ]n i)3K npnn-'^K
father touches me, I shall appear to him as a ""DK ^'Jwp"' ''piK 1-^ -.pbn \iJ^K 'pjN'i
trickster and bring upon myself a curse, not a ^bv ""HK^rn ynvn^s V2^V^ "'n^ni
blessing." '
^But his mother said to him, "Your ''bv 1?3K l'? nnK'ni 13 :n3-!n i<b^ n"?^]?
curse, my son, be upon me! Just do as I say and
: ''7-n|7 ^'^'i •''7p2i ynw "^N 'J3 "^n^^p
go fetch them for me."
IKJK U/VJiT! "iJ^k"? Knî nj?"! •qS'^'i
"He got them and brought them to his
njpnvs :T>3K nriK nwKS n^nyui?
mother, and his mother prepared a dish such
as his father liked. 'SRebekah then look the best
TORAH GEXESIS 27.29 toledot rrnVin t3 n"'\:7K"i:2 min
clothes of her older son Esau, which were there Tin 2p^yni< vj^bn] nîin nnx nu;K
in the house, and had her younger son Jacob 7i\u'>'^br\ D"'-tyrT "ia n'iv riKi i6
:]yi?ri
put them on; iând she covered his hands and
the hairless part of his neck with the skins of
nnu/y iu/k nn^n-nKi n"'73yu?3rT-nK
the kids. i"Then she put in the hands of her
:T\n n'i^y] T^l
son Jacob the dish and the bread that she had
prepared.
i8He went to his father and said, "Father." iîiK-'^K npy;' nTOK'"! i^ : ^n nnii "jp
And he said, "Yes, which of my sons are you?" ri-i3i ^\ui<2 ^n''iuv ^pn w:j """pjk
i9Jacob said to his father, "I am Esau, your -nni75 'i-'yjp n^Dxi r[±\i; xrmp ^bK
first-born; I have done as you told me. Pray sit

'\n-bK pny-' ~i)3K^T2o :"?]U73j ""^Dinn
up and eat of my game, that you may give me in
'B I'nK^] i<:^'i2b PTinn nrr['t2
your innermost blessing." -OJsaac said to his son,
pny-' "inx'^T 21 : inb "îribii mn^ nnpn
"How did you succeed so quickly, my son?" And
he said, "Because the Lord your God granted
nnKH 'jn î^)pNi Krnu7A npvi'-'^K
me good fortune." îlsaac said to Jacob, "Come ^pyp. ^,^"122 :K'7-aK Muy in ni
closer that I may feel you, my son whether you — '7lp^'7pri ^^12i<i^ ^nwrii) vin pnv;'"'?i;<
are really my son Esau or not." --So Jacob drew i"i^3n i<b^y^ -.wv 't nniirTi Ipv;:
close to his father Isaac, who felt him and won- n'MJiu vriK wv "-t^ vii vri-i^
dered. "The voice is the voice of Jacob, yet the
hands are the hands of Esau." --'He did not rec-

: ^;k n^pK"! it^y ^n ni nnx nTpk^'i 24
ognize him, because his hands were hairy like
"in 11^)2 n^pKT 'lb r[\LJ^r[ i)3K^T25
those of his brother Esau; and so he blessed him.
-^He asked, "Are you really my son Esau?"
And when he said, "I am," --"^he said, "Ser\ê me T-nx pnY"" vbii "i)3K''126 :^\\I;1^ ]ii ^b
me eat of my son's game that I may give

and let ^b-p]^1^ 'm='i27 oj^ ''p-npu;^ Krnm
you my innermost blessing." So he servêd him
and he ate, and he brought him wane and he 13-in 1U7K niiu nna ^n nn. nKi
drank. -^Then his father Isaac said to him,
: nrni
"Come close and kiss me, my son"; 27and he
28
wribiiri ^^b']ni']
went up and kissed him. And he smelled his
clothes and he blessed him, sa)'ing, "Ah, the

smell of my son is like the smell of the fields
that the Lord has blessed.
28"May God give you wizKb '"^b ^Minvji) inn;:?^!
Of the dew of heaven and the fat of the earth.

Abundance of new grain and wine.
^TSK ^J3 "^b ^^r\nvj1^
29Let peoples ser\T you.
And nations bow to you;
Be master over your brothers,

And let vour mother's sons bow to vou.
53
TORAH GENESIS 27.29 toledot nnVin t3 JTiU/K"!:! min
Cursed be they who curse you,

Blessed they who bless you."
-'^No sooner had Jacob left the presence of his hpyi-riK "q-in"? pn^^ n'73 iu;k3 "pt'i 30
father Isaac — after Isaac had finished blessing
Jacob — than his brother Esau came back from
U/yiVM •Mî[72 K3 TTIK IWVT Ti^K
his hunt. ^'He too prepared a dish and brought
it to his father. And he said to his father, "Let
my father sit up and eat of his son's game, so
that you ma\' give me your innermost blessing."
3'His father Isaac said to him, "Who are you?" nu/v "îb^ "^n 'JK "ink"! nnK-iQ
And he said, "I am your son, Esau, your -IV n'7ia ninn pn^^-" nin;''!"
first-born!" -^Msaac was seized with very violent
TY-TYn K^n KlQK-in ~i)3k'''1 "I'Kn
trembling. "Who was it then," he demanded,
Kinn niyin '73p '^dki •'7
Kn^T
"that hunted game and brought it to me? More-
over, I ate of it before you came, and I blessed
wv v)2Vj:) 34 : nin;' "qn^-DA inDinKi
him; now he must remain blessed!" 34When n-ini nViA npyy pyyî ti^k n.;i^-nK
Esau heard his father's words, he burst into wild jK-DJt 'Jpin V2i<.b "iTpK""! n'K)p"iv
and bitter sobbing, and said to his father, "Bless np"! npnn^ tjiiik k3 nnKîss •.•'nK
me too, Father!" ^^But he answered, "Your npyi Dbiy Kip'-'pn 1)3x^36 t-^riD-i:;!
brother came with guile and took away your np^ "'nnpn-riK D^nya ni ""npyi
named
blessing." -^^[Esau] said, "Was he, then,
-i<br\ -i^Kî ""nD-iii np^ nnv mm
Jacob that he might supplant" me these two
-Dpx'i"! pny iv?T'' :i^P15 ^"p,^^
imes? First he took away my birthright and now
"""f
t
T'tiK-'îj-nKi ^"^^ vr\i2\iJ i^na ]n w:jb

he has taken away my blessing!" And he added,
"Have you not reserved a blessing for me?"
^Îsaac answered, saying to Esau, "But I have "i)3K'''i38 PJ3 ntz/VN np KlDK n^b^
made him master over you: I have given him
all his brothers for servants, and sustained him
with grain and wine. What, then, can I still do TinK priY^ i^.v^^
vbi<, "inKî
for you, my son?" 38And Esau said to his father,
qnu/Dp mri"' V"!.Kri '<ii2VJ'i2 nin
"Have you but one blessing. Father? Bless me
:^V)3 n"')?\£^n bv'n^
too, Father!" And Esau wept aloud. -^'Ând his
father Isaac answered, saying to him,

n^nn •^n-irrVvi*-'"
"See, your abode shall ''enjoy the fat of the

earth inn "iWN? n^rn
And'' the dew of heaven above. :"îKiy '7vn ^blJ npisi
•"JYet by your sword you shall live,
And you shall serve your brother;

But when you grow restive,
You shall break his yoke from your neck."
ii //fb. 'a(|ah, cotuiectcil with "liuoh." DYiDQ^ -laon -"yn •'Knnn'7 »•. <o.
b-h Olhcn "he uway from the fat of the earth and from.
54
TORAH GENESIS 28.6 toledot nn'7in nn JTiIl/K-in nmn
4iNow Esau harbored a grudge against Jacob n3"i:^rT"'7i7 n|7i;;'-nx it^v nuu7''i4i
because of the blessing which his father had
la^:? Mbv -ijpk^'i v2k 1315 -\m
given him, and Esau said to himself, "Let but
the mourning period of my father come, and
I will kill my brother Jacob." -iswhen the words
nn itz/v nnn-riK r[p^:ii7 ipt 42 ;
-.nx
of her older son Esau were reported to Rebekah, nn h'pi7i^ >^"]i?J^l nîf/jii b'lArr
she sent for her younger son Jacob and said to ^^riK wv mn v^k -luxrii jujpri
him, "Your brother Esau is consoling himself
by planning to kill you. my son, listen
43Now,
to me. Flee at once to Jiaran, to my brother La- ""iu;k IV nnriK n^)2i mv rinu7^"i44
ban. 44Stay with him a while, until your broth-
er's hiry subsides — ^•'fiK-ciK :niU7-Ti7 45 :-?|inK nnn 2Wn
45until your brother's anger
against you subsides —and he ''r\rib\LJ) 1^ n-iury-ii^K nx nau/i i\)2i2
forgets what you
have done to him. Then I will fetch you from
there. Let me not lose you both in one day!" :nnK nv
46Rebekah said to Isaac, "I am disgusted with
my life because of the Hittite women. If Jacob niiris ^pv;: np^-DK nn mj^ \:bt2
marries a Jiittite woman like these, from among nizb Y'^krl niJinu h^K3 nn-nina
the native women, what good will life be to me?" -bi< pnyi K'^p1^ 1 : n-'^'n -'b k.— ki^
^Q
-Ô He
^So Isaac sent for Jacob
instructed him, saying,

and blessed him.
"You shall
not take a wife from
.]vi3 nm}2 n\^K npn-i<b i"? inKî
among the Canaanite
women. 2Up, go to Paddan-aram, to the house
-"IK "^Kinn nn-'-i wik nn$ ^-îb mp2
of Bethuel, your mother's father, and take a wife ]^b nlJ5)p n]^K b\i77p ^^-npi "r|)aK
there from among the daughters of Laban, your ^-i?:') "^r^K -^n^^ Wu; bK)^ :T|)3k •'Hk
mother's brother, ^May El Shaddai« bless you, ^^^jri;'14 :n''K3i7 bripb n^m '^^y_)
make you fertile and numerous, so that you be- ^riK î^nr'pi -r^b nri-inK nan-i-nK
come an assembly of peoples. 4May He grant
the blessing of Abraham to you and your
you may possess the land where
offspring, that
you are sojourning, which God assigned to

nnK njÊ) '!]b^) np^^rrix pny;' nbvj^-i 5
Abraham." npnn ^nx ^r2'^Krl ^'7Kinn-]| jn^-'7K

5Then Isaac sent Jacob and he went to
off,
Paddan-aram, to Laban the son of Bethuel the

Aramean, the brother of Rebekah, mother of
Jacob and Esau.
n^?p 1^-nnp^ nnx nj^3 inx n^û;i
-iuk'7 v^v ^^1^ inx iD-i.nn nii/K

6When Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob
ynip'-v :|i7jr3 j-,^j;^jp ^^^ nprrk^
and sent him off to Paddan-aram to take a wife
from there, charging him, as he blessed him, D-''73ipa wnvM -isb Ki^yr 7 v. 46.
a See note at 17.1.

TORAH GENESIS 28.6 toledot mi'în n3 JT'WNIQ n-nn
"You shall not take a wife from among the Ca- mi3 T|^'>-) i)3K-'7Ni t'^k-'tk Ipv:"
naanite women," "and that Jacob had obeyed ]VJ3 nijn niy~j "'d wv ki'iv :D"|i<
his father and mother and gone to Paddan- -^K wv '^b'>^^ iTi^K pny "•ryn
aram, 'Êsau reahzed that the Canaanite women
displeased his father Isaac. '^So Esau went to Ish-
i^ v]LJybv nv2^ nlnK nrniK-i^
mael and took to wife, in addition to the wives
he had, Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael son
of Abraham, sister of Nebaioth.
VA-YETSE'
'ojacob left Beer-sheba, and set out for Haran. : nj"in ^'7='."! ynuj "ik^d npi?^ ky't lo
"He came upon a certain place and stopped

there for the night, for the sun had set. Taking
one of the stones of that place, he put it under
mm ti'i'nn'- :K^nrT Dipnn nsu/"!
his head and lay down in that place. '^He had
a dream; a stairway'' was set on the ground and
its top reached to the sky, and angels of God :in DnTi W'b'v OTT^K ^dn"??? n^n)
were going up and down on it. '-Ând the Lord r[]n'> i2i<iS'i2i<'>']vb:j ^yj mn'' mm 13
was standing beside him and He said, "I am the y-iKH pny 'rr'^Ki. "^^nK njiliiK "rf'^K
Lord, the God of your father Abraham and the mjnK "^b ri-'by 2^\ij nnx "i\^k
God of Isaac: the ground on which you are hang ynKH iQy3 •^y-iT mmn :"^vit'7t
I will assign to you and to your offspring. '"iYour

nnipi nn^ nY^DT
iDinJi nsiJ") niQYT
descendants shall be as the dust of the earth; you
:^y-!nT nniKn n'n3u;p-'73 t];;
shall spread out to the west and to the east, to

-iu;k b'23. '^'niDU/i "^Tpv "'ij'JK niriT 15
the north and to the south. All the families of
the earth shall bless themselves by you and your

a nwn nipij^n-'^K q-'nnwni -^bn
descendants. •-'^Remember, I am with you: I will HK "'rr'ti^V'DN lu/K ly "^niy^ i<b
protect you wherever you go and will bring )ou :^b 'niBmu/K
back to this land. I will not leave you until I have u;"). ]3K "D^k""] injwp lpi7T yp""! if-
done what I have promised you."

:"'nvi? i<b •'3JK1 mn nipKin nin^
K'Jacob awoke from his sleep and said,
mn Dip)3ri K"ii3-n)p "ipKî k-j"!'^
"Surely the Lord is present in this place, and
I did not know it!" ' "Shaken, he said, "How awe-

np='i "ipii5 npy;- n3u;:'ii« :D^)p\i7n
some is this place! This is none other than the
abode of God, and that is the gateway to u\ij\] vnu/Kin Du;-~iiyN ]nNn-m<
heaven." "'Early in the morning, Jacob took the :nu;K"i-'7y ])2]u pY"! n^Yn nnK
stone that he had put under his head and set '7N-n"'3 Kinn Dipran-DU/TiN Kip"") '^
it up as a pillar and poured oil on the top ot it.
''^He named that site Bethel;' but previously the
name of the city had been Luz.
b Or 'ramp': othen "ladder.'
c I.e.. 'houit of God."

"
TORAH GENESIS 29.12 va-yetse' Kyi U3 TT'II/Kin min
20Jacob then made a vow, saying, "If God re-
mains with me, if He protects me on this journey "lU/K n-TH T|-1^3 ^""n.JpU/T îm D"'rT'7K
that am making, and gives me bread to eat and
I
inT '7'pK/' Dn'7 ^^"]nJi q'pln 'DJK
clothing to wear, 2 land if return safe to my fa- I
\nK ri^:i-'7K nl'7\f7n ""rinu/vi :\u':iibb
ther's house —
the Lord shall be my God. 22And
nwri pKni d^h^k^
this stone, which I have set up as a pillar, shall
22 ; ^b nin'' nim
be God's abode; and of all that You give me, I
will set aside a tithe for You."
29 Jacob "-resumed his journey" and came ny-iK q'pj^T vbri Ipy;" Km UD
to the land of the Easterners. 2There before his -niirn niti7ii n^n mm kiî 2 : nii7-"'p
eyes was a well in the open. Three flocks of sheep
were lying there beside it, for the flocks were

watered from that well. The stone on the mouth
-^73 n)3\f7-n£3pKJi ? : -iKnn "^p-bv nîA
of the well was large. ^When all the flocks were
gathered there, the stone would be rolled from

the mouth of the well and the sheep watered; jnKri-nK in-iu/ni jKYn-riK ^pvJTi)
then the stone would be put back in its place
on the mouth of the well.
4Jacob said to them, "My friends, where are

you from?" And they "We are from said,
njpK"! "linr]:? jn^-riK nriyTn
Haran." 5He said to them, "Do you know Laban
nipKî i^ Diû^n wnb "i)pK'n6 nJVI^
the son of Nahor?" And they said, "Yes, we do."
: iKYn-av HKS in^ '7nn mrri di'7U7
6He continued, "Is he well?" They answered,
"Yes, he is; and there is his daughter Rachel, t^lpKH nv-i<b 71"!^ nl=;rT hiy jn iTpKî 7
coming with the flock." ^He said, "It is still njpK'^''] « : ii7"! ^:^b^ jK^n '\p\uri njpTan
broad daylight, too early to round up the ani- D"'i']yri"'73 iQpx;' iu/k ly "'7dij Kb
mals; water the flock and take them to pasture." ij''i7U7rTi "iKnn •'3 bvy2 ]nKn-nK i^'7A1
*^But they said, "We cannot, until all the flocks
rounded up; then the stone

are is rolled off the
-ay TiK± I '7n"ii um nnip ^n^V'i
mouth of the well and we water the sheep."
9While he was still speaking with them,
Rachel came with her father's flock; for she was
a shepherdess. lOAnd when Jacob saw Rachel, ^pV.} ^,^"1 iJ3K -"nK ]2.b JKY-nKT IKJK
the daughter of his uncle^ Laban, and the flock pp^) iKsn ""3 ^^7^)3 ^]3KrT-nK b^'n
of his uncle Laban, Jacob went up and rolled
the stone off the mouth of the well, and watered ^pV.1 "ti:'1 '2 1";]!;^! iVp-riK Kti7î '7n"i^
the flock of his uncle Laban. 'Then Jacob kissed i
Rachel, and broke into tears. 12 Jacob told Rachel
fl-a Lit. "lifted up his feet.
b Lit. "his mother's brother."
57
TORAH GENESIS 29.12 va-yetse' K^T U3 rr'U/N"!^ min
that he was her father's kinsman, that he was

Rebekah's son; and she ran and told her father. ynwD^-'n-'i '3 -.n-'^Kb im) ynrri Kin
i30n hearing the news of his sister's son Jacob, yyi lnnK-]3 Ipv:" i y??W"nK jn^
Laban ran to greet him; he embraced him and
inK^n-'i ^b-pm''^ i'^-pnn-'i iriKipb
kissed him, and took him into his house. He told
nnn"irT-'73 riK ]'2bb -i5p''i in-'3-'7K
Laban all that had happened, i-ând Laban said
to him, "You are truly my bone and flesh."

When he had stayed with him a month's time,
i5Laban said to Jacob, "Just because you are a ]'2b njpK"!'^ iD^pT \LJ-in mv nu/"")
kinsman, should you serve me for nothing? Tell Djn ""jniny"! nriK •nK-'pri 2pv^b
me, what shall your wages be?" '^Now Laban •"nu; jn^'pT^ :^ri-i3u;)3-n)p ''b rînn
had two daughters; the name of the older one
mupn up^ nkb hb'i^ri up nin
was Leah, and the name of the younger was
nn;";! ''7mi ni3i hk'? 'J"'VT" I'^nn
Rachel. '"Leah had weak eyes; Rachel was
shapely and beautiful, i^ Jacob loved Rachel; so
nj^VT ^nx^v :nK"i)p no^T -iKn-n?-'
he answered, "I will serve you seven years for
your younger daughter Rachel." '^Laban said,
"Better that I give her to you than that I should ipK \iJ^Kb nn'K ""nn^p "^b nriK '>r\r\
give her to an outsider. Stay with me." -"So Ja- ynu; bm:i n'py;' inv::i 20 : TT)3i; nn\y
cob served seven years for Rachel and they nîriK D"'p^3 T'J"'V? T'H"! n-iju;
seemed to him but a few days because of his love
.nriK lnnnK3
for her.
"riu/K-riK n^ri jn'p-^K Ipi;^ "upk^'i-i
2 'Then Jacob said to Laban, "Give me my
wife, for my time is fulfilled, that I may cohabit q'DKI^V: irri^K HKUKl ^72] 1k'7)3 -"B
with her." --And Laban gathered all the people : nnwp iu^ji) Dipjpn 'iyjK-'73-nK ]2b
of the place and made a feast. 23When evening xnî inn nx'p-nK nj?"'] nnvn ir\i) 23
came, he took his daughter Leah and brought n^ )'2.b jn""! 24 : n^^K Knî vbK nn'K
her to him; and he cohabited with her. :nnQU7 inn nx'?'? innQu; n3'7T-nN
24Laban had given his maidservant Zilpah to his
nDK"! n^b Kin-mm ij^nn ^n^^-'^
daughter Leah as her maid. — ^swhen morning bm:i i<br\ "^b nû/y hKrnn ]'^b~bi<
came, there was Leah! So he said to Laban,
]2.b "inK""! 26 : ijn-'Kj-! rTt2b^ "^lipiJ '•niny
"What is this you have done to me? I was in your
service for Rachel! Why did you deceive me?"
nTyyn nn^ iJpip^^ P ^WV"'^^
2f'Laban said, "It is not the practice in our place njnjT nkT ynu; k^?3 -' .
r[y3:ir[ •'jdV
to marry off the younger before the older. inyn "iwn ninyn nKrnK'DA -]b
27Wait until the bridal week of this one is over u/V'lV'* :rii~inK nijip-yn^ liy îi2y
and we will give you that one too, provided you nKT v'^vj
'\b-]r)'') k'?)?"'"! ]3 n'pv:'
serve me another seven years." 2KJacob did so;
inn '7n-i-nK
):ib jn^v^' •'nwKb '\b
he waited out the bridal week of the one, and
then he gave him his daughter Rachel as wife.
2** Laban had given his maidservant Bilhah to his
58
TORAH GENESIS 30.6 va-yetse' KVT b nÛ/Kin 7^^^r
daughter Rachel as her maid. — 30And Jacob co- r\b innQU7 nn'p^-nK inn bn-i?
habited with Rachel also; indeed, he loved
Rachel more than Leah. And he served him an-
i1i7 i?3i7 ~iiv^^ TM^^ri '^rn/nK-QA
other seven years.
3iThe Lord saw that Leah was unloved and
nnDî r\kb nKiJt^-^s nin^ Kn^.i-î
he opened her womb; but Rachel was barren.
32Leah conceived and bore a son, and named hk'? nrTni32 -.T^-y^v b\rr\ npn-i-nK
him Reuben;"^ for she declared, "It means: 'The
Lord has seen'^ my affliction'; it also means:

'Now my husband will love me.'"*? 33She con- nTpKni "jn I'pni liy "inrri 33 : luj-^x
ceived again and bore a son, and declared, "This

is because the Lord heardi that I was unloved
-inrii 34 : pyni:/ iniz; Knpni nrnK-DA
and has given me this one also"; so she named
ni)'! nyQn nriy "i5?Kni "jn -^b^\^ nly
him Simeon. ^-Âgain she conceived and bore
son and declared, "This time my husband will
D^n rwubvj 'b 'fi-i'?^-^3 i'pk '"'u;"'k
a
become attached^ to me, for I have borne him 1b^\^ iiy nnni 3? : ^^b \mj-ir\^^ \2-bv
three sons." Therefore he was named Levi. 35She \2-bv nin^-nx niiK nysn nnx'ni \%
conceived again and bore a son, and declared, :n"[.'7)3 ibyni rfTin^ \'n\u nKii?
"This time I will praise'' the Lord." There-
fore she named him Judah. Then she stopped
bearing.
30 When Rachel saw that she had borne ^pv;''? ni'p-! iib ^3 br\•^ K-ini b
Jacob no children, she became envious of her
sister; and Rachel said to Jacob, "Give me chil-
dren, or I shall die." ^Jacob was incensed at

nnnn "i)3K^t '7n"]2i 'i'pvp_ n^""in;'i2
Rachel, and said, "Can I take the place of God,
: ]yn-n3 "qjsp yjjpnu/K ^p'jk ^rT'7x
who has denied you fruit of the womb?" -''She
said, "Here is my maid Bilhah. Consort with her,

ri^'^K K'n nn'7n ^nnx T\^ri. n)3K"rn.3
that she may bear on my knees and that through

her I too may have children." ^So she gave him n^Kb nnriQu; nn^n-riK l^-jrirn.4
her maid Bilhah as concubine, and Jacob co- I'prii nnb'n nnnis rnpy;' n-'^K Nnî
habited with her. ^Bilhah conceived and bore D^n'^K ^.3^ '^711-! nnK'ni ^ :
j5 ^'py;'^
Jacob a son. Ând Rachel said, "God has vin-
m)
nK-if; -g-bv jn '^-jri""! "''7^3 yn\i;
dicated me;'^ indeed. He has heeded my plea and
nn^vj nn'73 i^rTi nlv nnrn. ~
: jt upu;
given me a son." Therefore she named him Dan.
c Understood as "See a son."

"
d Heb. ra'ah, connected with the first part of "Reuben.
e Heb. ye'ehabani, connected with the last part of "Reuben.
f Heb. shama', connected with "Simeon."

g Heb. yillaweh, connected with "Levi."
h Heb. 'odeh, connected with "Judah."
a Heb. dananni, connected with "Dan."
59
TORAH GENESIS 30.7 va-yetse' k:îi b nÛ/Kin mm
^Rachel's maid Bilhah conceived again and bore "711-1 "i)2Kn"i« .^\>v;'h •>w ]3 "^n-!
Jacob a second son. **And Rachel said, ^"A fate-

ful contest I waged'' with my sister; yes, and I
have prevailed." So she named him Naphtali.

njpni ni^p rvrrzv ""a "nkb Kini^^
^When Leah saw that she had stopped bear-
ing, she took her maid Zilpah and gave her to
Jacob as concubine. 'OAnd when Leah's maid
Zilpah bore Jacob a son, "Leah said, "What

luck!"'' So she named him Gad. '-When Leah's ns"?! -r'rn"! '- :ni law-riK N-jpri"]
maid Zilpah bore Jacob a second son, '^Leah

declared, "What fortune!"'' meaning, "Women
will deem me fortunate." So she named him
Asher.
Kynî D"'un-"i"'Yp •nin ]niK-i '^''^ n
i-tOnce, at the time of the wheat harvest, Reu-
1J3K nN'7-'7K DHK Kl^T HIW? D^Kin
ben came upon some mandrakes in the field and
brought them to his mother Leah. Rachel said
•'Kina ^b KJ-'jn nK'7-'7K '7n-j -upKni
to Leah, "Please give me some of your son's -nx "qrinp \)vrin n^ iipKniis j-qj^
mandrakes." '?But she said to her, "Was it not

enough for you to take away my husband, that "•Kin nnn nY^T!^ "HJ^y nsu/"' p^ "711-1
you would also take my son's mandrakes?"

hii;^ ni\prT-]?3 Ipv:" K'nî "^ :~]n
Rachel replied, "I promise, he shall lie with you
Klnn ''7N "^TpKiTi inN-ip"? r[kh kyjii
tonight, in return for your son's mandrakes."
nsu/""! "'J3 'Jînn "?i"'ni3W iptz; ^2
i6When Jacob came home from the field in the
evening, Leah went out to meet him and said,

"iibK ynu/'i 17 : Kin rh'h'^ nrav
"You are to sleep with me, for I have hired you : 'u;"')pn ]n Ipv;:^ i^jit -inrii nK^-b'K
with my son's mandrakes." And he lay with her - IU7K nDtz; b"'n'7K inj hk"? "inNni is
that night. '~God heeded Leah, and she con- inu; Kipm. "^w^t^b Tinau/ ""Jijij
ceived and bore him a fifth son. ' ^Ând Leah said, -p '^bn^ nK^? ily inrri i'' :~i3\:/w"'
"God has given me my reward'" for having given "jinT nK^? inNm.20 :npi7]^ -"i:;!:;
my maid to my husband." So she named him

'j'pnT"' bvan niu inr ^riK 1 dtI'^k
Issachar. '^When Leah conceived again and
Kii7rT| D-'n nu;u7 "h Tii'p^-^s ^w^k
bore Jacob a sixth son, -"Leah said, "God has
given me a choice gift;/ this time my husband nn ni'pT inKVi i^'pni lDu;-nK
will exalt me,.*-' for I have borne him six sons." :nri nipuz-riK Kipni
So she named him Zebulun. - ' Last, she bore him n-''7K yjû/"! b'ni-riK dtI'^k -\2v^-'-
a daughter, and named her Dinah.
22Now God remembered Rachel; God heeded
b-h Heb. naphtulc ... naphtalti, connected with "Naphtali." Lit.
'A contest of God ..."

Kcthib begad; (/trqere reads ba gad "luck has come": connected
Htth "Cad.
"
d Heb. bc'oshri. connected with "Asher.
e Heb. sckhari, connected with "Issachar."
f Heb. zebadani ... lehcd.

g Heb. yizbclcni: othen 'will dwell Mth me.
60
TORAH GENESIS 30.36 va-yetse' Kyi b nÛ/Kin n-nn
her and opened her womb. 23She conceived and

bore a son, and said, "God has taken away'' my -riK wribK iqpK "upKni jn ibn)
disgrace." 24So she named him Joseph, which
i^pK"? qpv lK3u;-nK KnprT!24 :''ri3")n
is to say, "May the Lord add' another son
:"inK ]|i lb mn'' qp''
for me."
25After Rachel had borne Joseph, Jacob said
me leave to go back to my own

to Laban, "Give 'pipu-'7K nfj^Kl 'Jn'pu; 1^^"'?^ h'py;'
homeland. 26Give me my wives and my chil- "i^>5 'i^"'"nKT ""U/rnK njn 26 : •'y-ik'7T
dren, for whom I have served you, that may I

riVI^ nriK "'3 T^2bK^ jnn ^riK "rriny
go; for well you know what services I have ren- "inK^T27 :"^"'ri"ini7 •^\UK 'niny-riK
dered you." 27But Laban said to him, "If you
^'j''V3 jn TiKYu KrDK ]^b v^k
will indulge me,i I have learned by divination
"i)pK''"!28 •.'^bb).:^ mn^ ""Jîn^"! ^n\um
that the Lord has blessed me on your account."
Ti^K "iDK'î 29 : njriK") •''7V j1"!3U7 nnpj
28And he continued, "Name the wages due from
riK") ^'^"1117 "1U7K riK nvii ^^^
me, and I will pay you." 29But he said, "You
know well how I have served you and how your
livestock has fared with me. ôpor the little you mn;' "qnn^T nn^ yns""! '•'JQ^ yib wn
had before I came has grown to much, since the •'3JK-D)i nu7i7K ""nn nnyi ""^n^ xjnK
Lord has blessed you wherever I turned. And "iTpK""! np "l)pK''T3i :"'ri"'3^
"n'7"jriK
now, when shall I make provision for my own
-ntz;i7ri"DK nnikp '^-jnn-k'? hpv]
household?" -^^He said, "What shall I pay you?"
xiJK'y ny-iK n3i\^K n-tn "i3"irT ''>b
And Jacob said, "Pay me nothing! If you will
do this thing for me, I will again pasture and
npn nl^n ^jk2;-'73^ '^'î?!^^^ :i)3\f7K
keep your flocks: 32let me pass through your bin-nt^-'73'i K^b\D^ ipj i nvj-b^ uî2
whole flock today, removing from there every : n3U; niri") n"'-TV3 ipJi kiût o'litf/ss
speckled and spotted animal —every dark- Ki3n-'3 nnn nvn ^Tipiv TJ^^î^") ^^
colored sheep and every spotted and speckled ipj "liirK—i\^K ^3 '^•'Jd'? n3u;-'7V
goat. Such my wages. ^Hn the future
shall be
mjA u^m
K^r\ D^ntf/sn binT i<^^b\p^
when you go over my wages, let my honesty to-
ward you testify for me: if there are among my
:
TO"i? V ^^ ID 1?^ ""pk')"! ^^ :
'^^
D-iu/^riri-nK Kinn nl^n "id='^135
goats any that are not speckled or spotted or any
sheep that are not dark-colored, they got there b"'Tvn"'73 riKi D"'k'7urii "'"ipvri
by theft." 34And Laban said, "Very well, let it

-'731 1^ jn^nii/K "73 nK'7urTi nl^p^n
be as you say." DU7^T36 nijn-TB jri"! D"'3u;33 mn

35But that same day he removed the streaked npy;"! '2pv,'] j'lni 1J''3 wizi n\ubp "q").!
and spotted he-goats and all the speckled and :nnnl:iri jn^ J^^tik nv"i
spotted she-goats —every one that had white on
it —and all the dark-colored sheep, and left
them in the charge of his sons. 36And he put a
h Heb. 'asaph.
/ Heb. yoseph.
j Lit. "If I have found favor in your eyes.'
61
TORAH GENESIS 30.36 va-yetse' Kyi b JT'WKin mm
distance of three days' journey between himself
and Jacob, while Jacob was pasturing the rest qt:;nn nin"? ni'^YQ ]n3 b^^•'^ ]i)3-ivi
of Laban's Hock.
"DK AY"!*'^ :ni'7p^n-'7i; nu/K in^n
^^Jacob then got fresh shoots of poplar, and
of almond and plane, and peeled white stripes

nD'j> ninu;'? ]KVrT ,]Knri "^wk n-'Tari
in them, laying bare the white of the shoots.
38The rods that he had peeled he set up in front
of the goats*^ in the troughs, the water recepta- DTT[7V IKYH pbr\^ nyb'py^n-bi^ ]i<î7i
cles, that the goats came to drink from. Their
mating occurred when they came to drink, -'73') ""^^

li^V""^^ l^V-^ W^- ^P^'
^ând since the goats mated by the rods, the
goats brought forth streaked, speckled, and -"733 njnvii :]n^ iKy-"?!/ nnu; i<b^
spotted young. -^'^But Jacob dealt separately with
-riK n'pi;;' Dti/i 'niniijppn ]k2^n an^
the sheep; he made these animals face the
streaked or wholly dark-colored animals in La-
ban's flock. And so he produced special flocks
for himself, which he did not put with Laban's

flocks. •*' Moreover, when the sturdier' animals
were mating, Jacob would place the rods in the
troughs, in full view of the animals, so that they

mated by the rods; -^-but with the feebler"' an-
imals he would not place them there. Thus the

feeble ones'" went to Laban and the sturdy to
Jacob. "i-^So the man grew exceedingly prosper-
ous, and came to own large flocks, maidservants
and menservants, camels and asses.
31 Now he heard the things that Laban's

sons were saying: "Jacob has taken all that was
our father's, and from that which was our fa-
in3n-'73 DK ^y^î^b
nu;i7 ^Wis^n^
ther's
saw
he has built up all this wealth." -Jacob also
that Laban's manner toward him was not
mm \'ib 'J3-nK npy^ Kniv :nTrT
-DDK"!' ^.Xlwb'^; '7inn3 lay liirx

as it had been in the past. ^Then the Lord said
to Jacob, "Return to the land of your fathers

where you were born, and I will be with you."
'Jacob had Rachel and Leah called to the field, :iJK'y-'7K niti/n r[i<sbb^ brnb k-j;?''"!
where his flock was, %nd said to them, "I see
that your father's manner toward me is not as nK Tl'^KT U\ub^ "^briD ""Vk 13J"'K-"'3
k Lit. 'flocks."
I Or 'early-breeding.
m Or 'late-breeding."
"
TORAH GENESIS 31.19 va-yetse" K^T kV rfU/Kin n-nn
it has been in the past. But the God of my father

has been with me. f-As you know, I have sensed
your father with all my might; "but your father
has cheated me, changing my wages time and
n"3-nK8 oi)3y y-in^ n^ribi^ urij
again." God, however, would not let him do me
harm, sjf he said thus, 'The speckled
]Kyn-'7D n^;i ^-i^tp n-;n^ nîipj nuK''
shall be
your wages,' then all the flocks would drop îDtf; HM^ D"'î7i7 -Dak-" ns-nKT n-'^jp^
speckled young; and if he said thus, 'The

streaked shall be your wages,' then all the flocks
would drop streaked young. ^God has taken K-iKi ^pij Kti/KT jkyn Dn;' nvî ^fl^^ 10
away your father's livestock and given it to me.
io"Once, at the mating time of the flocks, ''-I
had a dream in which I saw-^' that the he-goats

mating with the flock were streaked, speckled,
and motfled. HAnd in the dream an angel of
God said to me, 'Jacob!' 'Here,' I answered.
i2And he said, 'Note well that all the he-goats
which are mating with the flock are streaked, 1\UK '7K-ni3''7KrT ^pJK13 :^b HU/y
]3^
speckled, and mottled; for I have noted all that DU7 ^b rriij -iu;k nn?;?? h\Li nnu7?3
Laban has been doing to you. iÎ am the God
of Bethel, where you anointed a pillar and where
:lW^ nKTH y-iKrT-]>3 ky mp nnv tij
you made a vow to Me. Now, arise and leave
this land and return to your native land.'" liyn i,b mijpkni r[kb^ bm jyni '-i
i-iThen Rachel and Leah answered him, sav-

Kl^ni? :ij"'3K n-'n-i nbm^ pbn îb
ing, "Have we still a share in the inheritance of '73k'='i ij"i3?p ^3 i^ iJ3u;nj ninpj
our father's house? i5Surely, he regards us as -|\^'i7rT-'73 -"Sie :lJ3p3-nK '7i3K-DA
outsiders, now that he has sold us and has used i<^'r[ ^2b =iJ^3Kn n^ribii "^î^n -iu;k
up our purchase price. isTruly, all the wealth n^ribi<^ npx -iu/k
""'73
nnyi '\:i\^:lb^
that God has taken away from our father be-
longs to us and to our children. Now then, do
vu/rriKi T'J3-nK Kti^"! n'py] np'jii:
just as God has told you."
i^Thereupon Jacob put his children and wives inJi7)p-'73-nK :im'ii8 :u->bmri-b:j
on camels; iSand he drove off all his livestock li^;ii7 mpp 1:73-1 nu/K W3-!-'73-nKi
and all the wealth that he had amassed, the live- pnyi-'7K Kin^ D-]K 1^33 u;3"! ni^K
stock in his possession that he had acquired in
:iyj3 ny-ix ii3k
Paddan-aram, to go to his father Isaac in the
^ri"] nj:ini Uky-riK iub -fpri j3^t 19
land of Canaan.
3JP120 :n-'3K^ ni^K Dâ-inn-iiK
I'^Meanwhile Laban had gone to shear his
sheep, and Rachel stole her father's household
a Lit. "ten times."

h-b lit. 7 raised my eyes and saw in a dream, behold.
63
TORAH GENESIS 31.19 va-yetse' KVi Kb JTiU/Kin n-nn
idols. 2ojacob 'kept Laban the Aramean in the
dark,-' not telling him that he was fleeing, 21 and

fled with all that he had. Soon he was across the
Euphrates and heading toward the hill country

nvb^ri "in t'JStik
of Gilead.
nin ^3 '^/''purri niîi ]2bb "1^122
-On the third day, Laban was told that Jacob
q'-n"!""! iny TTiK-riK nip.''i23 -.^^vi
had fled. --'So he took his kinsmen with him and
pursued him a distance of seven days, catching inn iriK pBi?"! wpi nynu; ^"ii v-inK
up with him in the hill country of Gilead. 24But miKTi ]^^"'7K nTl'7K K'nî 24 : ivb^Ti
God appeared to Laban the Aramean in a dream ^7 ~)r2wr[ i"? nipK""! nb^^ri nbn:!
by night and said to him, "Beware of attempting
anything with Jacob, good or bad." m^^ 25
-riK vpn npi;;'! npi/^-riK ]'2b
-?Laban overtook Jacob. Jacob had pitched
"inn i^riK-riK v\p_r\ ]2b^ "inn i'7nK
his tent on the Height, and Laban with his kins-
nîbv np npy:"? ]n^ "ipK""! 26 nvb^ri
men encamped in the hill country of Gilead.
•'nn-JiK binjni 'nn'7-nK nj^ni
2(>And Laban said to Jacob, "What did you mean
by keeping me in the dark and carrying off my nnn'p nxnm ni^biT :n-in nvnu/a
daughters like captives of the sword? -"Why did Tin'7U7Ki ^b rTTjn-k'7T ""riK nj^ni
you flee in secrecy and mislead me and not tell k'7128 nipm tqnn Dnu;ni nn?pu;3
me? I would have sent you off with festive music, nnv "njn^'i ^nb p\L^)b "'Jnu/uj
with timbrel and lyre. 28You did not even let me
nwvb 111 ^^^"^''-^ ^^^^ JJi'^^Dn
kiss my sons and daughters good-by! It "was a
my
npK I mi< 3"'nK ^rib^y yn U2m
foolish thing for you to do. 2*^1 have it in
power to do you harm; but the God of your fa-

ni7y;'-ni; nnip ^"7 ~\t2wr[ "irzi^b ^b^
ther said to me last night, 'Beware of attempting

anything with Jacob, good or bad.' -^"Very well, nnjA n)2b -Tj-inK n"-?^ nnappj iq'ppj
you had to leave because you were longing for : "'rT'7K-nK
your father's house; but why did you steal my •'3 TiKi^ '3 in^"? "inN"! npy^ iv.l
-^'
gods?"
:"')3VP ^•'niJB-nK '7nn-]3 TnnK
3 Jacob answered Laban, saying, "I was afraid
h^w KYnn
1
k"? ^'ri'7K-nK nu/K uii^'-

because I thought you would take your daugh-
ters from me by force. 32But anyone with whom
you find your gods shall not remain alive! In
:nri3JA bm -"s npy;" yi;''K'7i
the presence of our kinsmen, point out what I

nkb '7ni<3i I Ipy;' "^hkb ]iib f<'3î 33
have of yours and take it." Jacob, of course, did KY"! KYD k"?! nnnNH '>n\u "^riKm
not know that Rachel had stolen them. "^niT 31 : bn-) briK:i xnî hk"? briKn
^3So Laban went into Jacob's tent and Leah's '7mn -133 D)3t:;m D^Q-inn-riN nnp"?
tent and the tents of the two maidservants; but
he did not find them. Leaving Leah's tent, he
entered Rachel's tent. ^'Rachel, meanwhile, had
f-f ti». "jfo/f l/if mind of l.iihtin the Ariimaw": iimiliirly in
V. 26.
64
" «
TORAH GENESIS 31.44 va-yetse' xy^T k"? ITiU/K-in min
taken the idols and placed them in the camel

cushion and sat on them; and Laban rummaged n"'nK-'7K nnK'rii35 :Kyn K^pT '7ri'KrT
through the tent without finding them. 35Por
my lord
she said to her father, "Let not
amiss that I cannot rise before you, for the pe-
take it
K^'12 Kb) \u^w) ''b wm 'qiX''? "î^P
tD-'p-jrirT-nK
riod of women is upon me." Thus he searched,
but could not find the household idols.
36Now Jacob became incensed and took up a 'nKun np ^•'V^$"n)3 ]n^^ "iJpKî
his grievance with Laban. Jacob spoke up and '^3-^3"nK nTO)3-"'3 37 :nnK np'?"!
said to Laban, "What is my crime, what is my

guilt that you should pursue me? 37You rum-
maged through all my things; what have you
"^"''7n~i '^'BV '""DJK nw nnt^^y "ni 38
found of all your household objects? Set it here,
:"'ri^3K i<b -^JKY ^'b^K^ ^b^\ij xb "^jw
before my kinsmen and yours, and let them de-
muriK '3JK ^''pK iJiKnn-k'? nonu 39
cide between us two.
38"These twenty years I have spent in your : r[b^b 'nnjAT Dl^ ^nnB n3u;pnri n^p
service, your ewes and she-goats never miscar- r[b^b:^ n'^\?^ nin "'j'?3k Dip ''n'^^n 40
ried, nor did I feast on rams from your flock. nju; DnU/y ''^"^l
*' '•
T^P ""P^^ "^"il^"!
39That which was torn by beasts I never brought

to you; I myself made good the loss; you exacted
it of me, whether snatched by day or snatched
by night. 40Often,'^ scorching heat ravaged me
'^ n^n pHY"' lnp^ DrnnK ^ribK "•'ik
by day and frost by night; and sleep fled from
my eyes. 4iOf the twenty years that I spent in
-riKi "jyTiK 'Jnn'pu; aj7n. nriy ""3
your household, I served you fourteen years for :U7)3K nDiî n^ribK nKn "-Qa ipp
your two daughters, and six years for your ^rin niinn npvi'-'^K 1)3K=;i ]i^ ]v^"!
flocks; my wages time and

and you changed
again. ''42Had not the God of my father, the God nbkb nw^K-np -^rinb) K^'^\-^b nK""i
of Abraham and the Fear/ of Isaac, been with
:n^T iwk ]'n^nb 1k ni^n
nriv'!44
me, you would have sent me away empty-
i^jb n''m nriKi ^jk nnn nm^j n^b
handed. But God took notice of my plight
and the toil of my hands, and He gave judgment

last night."
43Then Laban spoke up and said to Jacob,

"The daughters are my daughters, the children
are my children, and the flocks are my flocks;
all that you see is mine. Yet what can I do now

about my daughters or the children they have
borne? 44Come, then, let us make a pact, you
d Lit. "I was.

e Lit. "ten times."
f Meaning of Heb. pahad uncertain. '^ Kbi2 V. 35.
65
TORAH GENESIS 31.44 va-yetse' Kyi n"? IT'U/Kin n-nn
and I, that there may be a witness between you

and me." -'-''Thereupon Jacob took a stone and ^vpb vnKb n'py^ ^dk^'V^ -.n^^t^
up as a pillar. 'f'And Jacob said to his kins-
i'73K''i brwvy\ D^J^^K inp""! d^J^k
set it
men, "Gather stones." So they took stones and

made a mound; and they partook of a meal
there by the mound. 47Laban named it Yegar-
sahadutha,j;but Jacob named it Gal-ed.'' ^Ând

]ji-bv uvn ^rni -rn ny njri '7^ri ]iib
Laban declared, "This mound is a witness be-
tween you and me this day." That is why it was

named Gal-ed; •'"ând [itwas called] Mizpah, be- "DKi "nj^-riK mvri-DK5o nny-ijp
cause he "May the Lord
said, watch' between HK") ijjpy ]u'<i<. yK "^rin-bvhivji npn
you and me, when we are out of sight of each
other. you ill-treat my daughters or take
''''If
ntn b^^ri mn :^pv,;]b ]'2.b -inK'îsi
other wives besides my daughters — though no i
one else be about, remember, God Himself will

">:]]<-]< nnY)3rT nivi nrn b^n iv?^
be witness between you and me."
?'And Laban said to Jacob, "Here is this nriK-DK") ntn 'Ân-riK ^''pK inyK-K"?
mound and here the pillar which I have set up nKT r[j,ri b^ri-m^ ibi<. inyn-K"?
between you and me: ^-this mound shall be wit- nn"i3K 'n'7K 53 : ny-1'7 nK-rn nny?3n
ness and this pillar shall be witness that am I
ri"'nK ^TibK ij-'r:? lusw"' "linj ''TibK}
not to cross to you past this mound, and that
niv) ?4 : pn v T'?i< "inp:? npy;" y^^î
you are not to cross to me past this mouhd and
~b:ii<.b vrk"? Kip"! -in:^ nnr npy;'
this pillar, with hostile intent. 53May the God
of Abraham and the god of Nahor" — their an-

nnn ^rb'>^ nn"? ^b:î<'>^ an'?
cestral deities
— "judge between us." And Jacob
swore by the Fear' of his father Isaac. s^Jacob
then offered up a sacrifice on the Height, and

invited his kinsmen to partake of the meal. After
the meal, they spent the night on the Height.
32 Early in the morning, Laban kissed his vnb p\ur^ ipii? ]2b Daif/;""! J^
sons and daughters and bade them good-by; ]^b nu/"^"! q^j'T anriK qin*'"! vnun"?!
then Laban left on his journey homeward. -Ja- in-iVAQ"! I3"i"i'7 T|'7n npi/^v :inpn'7
cob went on his way, and angels of God en-
bipVi :D"'n'7K "'Dk'?)?
~I\Z;K3 'I)3K'''T3
countered him. ^When he saw them, Jacob said,
-up Kip""! HT "tf'^n mnn ok"]
"This is God's camp." So he named that place
Mahanaim."
Aramaic for "the mound (or, stone-heap) of witness."

Heb. for "the mound (or, stone-heap) of witness," reflecting the
name Cilead, v. 2i.
Heb. yi^ph. associated with Mizpah.

Meaning of Heb, pahad uncertain.
a Connected with Heb. mjh.inch. "tamp.

TORAH GENESIS 32.18 va-yishlah nbwT n"? n''U7Kin n-nn
VA-YISHLAH
^lacob sent messengers ahead to his brother
Esau in the land of Seir, the country of Edom, OT.5 :D1"]K nip i^yiy i^^"l^ """"D^
5and instructed them as follows, ^"Thus shall
you say, 'To my lord Esau, thus says your servant

nnKT 'iîa 15^"DV ^p^l "^pv ûx n3
lacob:-^ I stayed with Laban and remained until
now; 61 have acquired cattle, asses, sheep, and

•jKy nlnni iw ^^b-^n'<}(^ -.nnv-iv
''hub T'^rib nnû/Ki nriQi:;') "tnyi
male and female slaves; and I send this message
to my lord in the hope of gaining your favor.'"
7The messengers returned to Jacob, saying, "We
came to your brother Esau; he himself is coming
to meet you, and there are four hundred men yn^l '\b "iy='."i 1^)2 npi/:" Kn^î^ :iK3V
with him." ^Jacob was greatly frightened; in his
-riKT ]Kyn-nKi lriK""i^^ nyn-nx
anxiety, he divided the people with him, and the
iTpkh^ :riljn)3 ^)\ub w^bmm npînn
flocks and herds and camels, into two camps,
^thinking, "If Esau comes to the one camp and
inani nriKn njn)3ri-'7K wv xm^-nx
attacks it, the other camp may yet escape."
: nu"''7D^ "iKU7-in mn)3n n^m
"O God of my father Abra-
lOThen Jacob said,
ham and God of my father Isaac, O Lord, who vl : : - : s
- • j-- t t ; I at ; • j- t
said to me, 'Return to your native land and I
will deal bountifully with you'! "I am unworthy -riK n"'t^y "iu^k n)pKrT-'73?3T bnonn
of aU the kindness that You have so steadfastly
shown Your servant: with my staff alone I
KJ ^^b-i^n 1- :nljn)p '>2\ub ^n^]ri nnv")

crossed this Jordan, and now I have become two
camps. '^Deliver me, I pray, from the hand of
in'K ^•'pJK Kn^-'3 itpy i".?? ""nK to
my brother, from the hand of Esau; else, I fear,
he may come and strike me down, mothers and -riK 'ri)3U7T "^m nû^x nu^n nnipx
children alike. i^Yet You have said, 'I will deal :3"1}3 "IDC)"'-k'7 IVJK n^H '7ln3 '"^Vll
bountifully with you and make your offspring K3rT-]n nj?"! xirrn r[b->b:^ up ]bi) 14
as the sands of the sea, which are too numerous

"jiKn n-'TV 15 :vnK ^pvb nnjp iT3
to count.'"
D"'57"'Ki wnKiz D-''7n-! Dnu/y aû/^ni
iÂfter spending the night there, he selected
nn''J3i nii7"'r)3 '^mi6 :nnu;i;
from what was at hand these presents for his
brother Esau: iSioo she-goats and 20 he-goats; niiuv ansT b''V3"!K nlns u^\ub\ij
200 ewes and 20 rams; 1630 milch camels with in"! 17 :n"iU7y i=i"!?Vl n^'i^V ^^^^
their colts; 40 cows and 10 buUs; 20 she-asses -"^K iriKî mb -iny -iiy inniz-Tn
and 10 he-asses. i^These he put in the charge niy P3 m'>ibn nni ^;^b mv V"ini(
of his servants, drove by drove, and he told his >3 "i)3k'7 ]1\f;i<-!rT-nK lyî is : Tiy i^ni
servants, "Go on ahead, and keep a distance be-
tween droves." i^He instructed the one in front
b-fc Or "Thus you shall say to my lord Esau, 'Thus says your servant
Jacob:...'"
67
TORAH GENESIS 32.18 va-yishlah ^b\u•>^ n"? JT'U/Knn n-nn
as follows, "When my brother Esau meets you

and asks you, 'Whose man are you? Where are :'^"',J3'7 n'pK 'nb'T q'^n njKT hriK
you going? And whose (animals] are these Kin nnjn n'pv;''? "jj^nv^ ^"!^>î '"^
ahead of you?' '''you shall answer, 'Your servant

my lord Esau; and
Kin-DA mm wvb "'JiKb' nmb\LJ
Jacob's; they are a gift sent to
riK DA -"JwrT-nK na ^^''^'~(^ :^J"'i.nK
[Jacob] himself is right behind us.'" 20He gave
similar instructions to the second one, and the
nnK D"'p'7'nri-'73-nK m ^vj-^bwri
third, and all the others who followed the -bK jnnnn n-rn -in-i3 inx'? nnii^n
droves, namely, "Thus and so shall you say to r]^n DA DrnuKT î :in'K DDK^nn ^\bv
Esau when you reach him. 2 'And you shall add, V2^ r[i^2K n^K-iB iJnnK npv' "^"^^V
'And your servant Jacob himself is right behind
us.'" For he reasoned, "If propitiate him with
I
nm)3n nnyni:: oja Kt^/i iîk vjs
presents in advance, and then face him, perhaps
:mn?33 KinrT-n^"'^3 ]b Kini t'J3"'7V
he will show me favor." --And so the gift went
on ahead, while he remained in camp that night.
23That same night he arose, and taking his two
lu/y "ipK-riKi vnnQu; 'riu;-nK"i
wives, his two maidservants, and his eleven chil-
dren, he crossed the ford of the Jabbok. --lAfter :1'7-"iu;ktik nny"} '^mn-riK Diinvi"!
taking them across the stream, he sent across IV 1)3V ^\LJî<> piN""] l"in^ Ipv;! ^^nv>^ 25
all his possessions. -SJacob was left alone. And VA""! '\Vb':ii K^ ""s K-1^1 26 nn\i7n nib'v
a man wrestled with him until the break of
dawn. 26When he saw that he had not prevailed

nn\£7rT nbv ^2 ^:inb\u laK'""!:: -Am
against him, he wrenched Jacob's hip at its
^.'>)n2^^^-UK ""S "ÎD^WK iib "i)3K''T

socket, so that the socket of his hip was strained
as he wrestled with him. -"Then he said, "Let
me go, for dawn is breaking." But he answered, 13 i^tzp hiy -iDK^ 2pvi Kb "iaN'''i 29
"I will not let you go, unless you bless me." -Dvi D-'jI'^K-av nntf;""'3 '7K"itz;"'-DK
-**Said the other, "What is your name?" He re-
"Your name
plied, "Jacob." 29Said he, shall no
bKpn m r[)pb inK^'i "^du; KrHiÂn
longer be Jacob, but Israel, for you have striven'
Ipy;" Knp'ivî .u^j in'K "i-in"'! ^pu;^
with ''beings divine and human,'' and have
h^ribti. TT'K-i-'a "^k^jb Dlp?3n d\^
prevailed." -^"Jacob asked, "Pray tell me your
name." But he said, "You must not ask my "n"!T;'T32 ou;aj by^î^ w^B'bK d''J3
name!" And he took leave of him there. îSo Ja- Kim "^NiJEj-JiK nny iu/k? wnwri ^b
cob named the place Peniel,'' meaning, "I have

seen a divine being face to face, yet my life has q"i.;'rT t^s-"?:; iu;k rwu^n mA-riK b'Kiw"'
been preserved." -^-The sun rose upon him as
he passed Penuel, limping on his hip. *' That is
"
r Heb. sarilha, connected with first part of "Israel.
dd Or "God fElohim, connected with sivdmi/ ;>iirf of 'Israel') and

"
men.
(• I'nilcrstnnd us "face ol Ciid"
TORAH GENESIS 33.14 va-yishlah n"?!:/^! ).b nÛ/Kin min
why the children of Israel to this day do not eat
the thigh muscle that is on the socket of the hip,

since Jacob's hip socket was wrenched at the
thigh muscle.
33 Looking up, Jacob saw Esau coming, ac- w:j mm Ky^ i^ry 2p^,i Km ih
companied by four hundred men. He divided -jiK ymi \i7"'K niKTp ynnis mv) xii
the children among Leah, Rachel, and the two ^nvj b}J^ '7n-i-'7V'] nK'7-'7V nn^^n
maids, 2putting the maids and their children
-riKi nlnQii/n-riK u\ul^- :nlnQ\i7rT
first, Leah and her children next, and Rachel and
^ri'>ib^) riKb-nK) nj'u;Kn jn-'ib?;'
Joseph last. ^He himself went on ahead and
:D^jnnK ripv-nxi "^nn-riK"! n^'hriK
bowed low to the ground seven times until he
was near his brother. 4Esau ran to greet him.
He embraced him and, falling on his neck, he
kissed him; and they wept. SLooking about, he -bv i-iKiy-'^y b'B'') inpnn-'T inx-jp"?
saw the women and the children. "Who," he
asked, "are these with you?" He answered, "The
children with whom God has favored your ser-
]^n-]\uK wib'>r[ "ink""! "^b nb^-''^^
vant." 6Then the maids, with their children,
nln3\::n ^jmni^^ :"^pVTiK u^ribK
came forward and bowed low; ^next Leah, with
her children, came forward and bowed low; and

-DA mnv :pinn\^n"! jn"'!^;'! n^rj
last, Joseph and Rachel came forward and

bowed low. Ând he asked, "What do you mean -'73 "7(7 "ip -i)pKî8 :^"inri\^;'i '^nni
by all this company which I have met?" He an- -Kiii^b nnk='T ""nms ii^k njn mn)3n
swered, "To gain my lord's favor." "Êsau said,
"I have enough, my brother; let what you have

npy;" "inK^'iio :T|yiu;K r^b •'n^ 'Iik
remain yours." lOBut Jacob said, "No, I pray
nnpb'i "î^v^'in ^nxyn KrDK Kr'7K
you; if you would do me this favor, accept from
n'Ki3 -^^JD ^n^xn ]^-bv -"s p^-n ^nmri
me this gift; for to see your face is like seeing
the face of God, and you have received me fa-

jiK Krnpii :"'J2^"!rT! u^ribK ^jq
vorably. 11 Please accept my present which has n-'n'7K 'J^n-'3 -^b riKnn nu/K ^•'riDns
been brought to you, for God has favored me :

ni?^! iB-ivsî b':2-^b-vj'>, '3T
and I have plenty." And when he urged him, :']'i}^b hd'pki nab'ji nypj "upkîis
he accepted.
i2And [Esau] said, "Let us start on our jour-
biprjii "^bv nl^v îF.^lTI l><'^ni Dîji
ney, and I will proceed at your pace." i-^But he
xrinyT 14 :]KVn-'73 ^nni nriK Di";
said to him, "My lord knows that the children
are frail and that the flocks and herds, which ÛK^ ^.Vn^ri^^ i^l P'^V '')^b ^pK
are nursing, are a care to me; if they are driven ^ 'H 'p 'w ' ^ bv npj v. 4.
hard a single day, all the flocks will die. i-iLet
69
TORAH GENESIS 33.14 va-yishlah nb\u^^ a"? JTiU/Kin n-nn
my lord go on ahead of his servant, while I travel
slowly, at the pace of the cattle before me and

at the pace of the children, until I come to my Dyn-])p iiipv KrnrYK wv "iJpK''"! 15
lord in Seir."
]n-KyaN nf nKj"? ink"! ""hk iu/n
'5Then Esau said, "Let me assign to you some
itz/v Kinn Dl^'n °3u;î i^ ijik ipv'2. :
of the men who are with me." But he said, "Oh

in;"! nn'ijp ypj npy;'! 17 rrvviv iaii'?
no, my lord is too kind to me!" '^So Esau started
:
back that day on his way to Seir. '''But Jacob Kî? ]3-'7V ri3p ntf/y iniipp"?! n'>^ ^b
journeyed on to Succoth, and built a house for D :ril3p DlpDH-DU;

himself and made stalls for his cattle; that is why
the place was called Succoth."
'jQ-riK ]ri'''\ D^K TiEjn iKnn ]VJ3

'^Jacob arrived safe in the city of Shechem
nwK niu/n ni7'7n-nK ]\?,^)i9 niyn
which is in the land of Canaan — having come
thus from Paddan-aram — and he encamped
U2\LJ ^nK -ilJ3n-'J3 TO i'thk bw-nuj
before the city. '^The parcel of land where he
pitched his tent he purchased from the children
of Hamor, Shechem's father, for a hundred
kesitahs.^ 20He set up an altar there, and called
it El-elohe-yisrael.*^
34 Now Dinah, the daughter whom Leah -ih

had borne to Jacob, went out to visit the daugh- :y-iKn nunn nlK-1'7 ri'pv:''? n-i'?^
ters of the land. 2Shechem son of Hamor the

K^t^j ''inn ni?pn-j^ u^w nnx i^y^ 2
Hivite, chief of the country, saw her, and took

.ri^v'') nn'K naw^T nn'K nj?""! yixn
her and lay with her by force. ^Being strongly
drawn to Dinah daughter of Jacob, and in love
nyjn :ih-hv nni"""! niv^n -lyjn-nK
with the maiden, he spoke to the maiden ten-
derly. •iSo Shechem said to his father Hamor,
"Get me this girl as a wife."
5Jacob heard that he had defiled his daughter inn nrTHK k?au ^3 vtq\lj Ipi/î?
Dinah; but since his sons were in the field with i^j-inrn nnti/n injp?3-nN vri vn^
his cattle, Jacob kept silent until they came DDÎZ-i^K -linn KY'il^ :DKn-lV ^'plf?
home. ^Then Shechem's father Hamor came
1K3 IpV: 'bv :1nK -ini"? npV?"'?^^
out to Jacob to speak to him. ^Meanwhile Ja-
Dû/JKn inYvn""! nynu;3 "n-i.ti/n-]^
cob's sons, having heard the news, came in from
the field. The men were distressed and very an-
'7K-iu;''3 ntf/y n'pnr^B ikq urib inî
gry, because he had committed an outrage in
a Meaning " nails," "huti," "boothi."

b Heb. qcsilah, a unit of unknoHm value.
c "El. God of Israel.
70
TORAH GENESIS 34.22 va-yishlah nbvj-^-] lb rriU/KHn n-nn
Israel by lying with Jacob's daughter — a thing 'jn n2\u iJpK'? DriK iDpn nnTis
not to be done. nn'K KJ ^m D^nnn Wqj ^^B^P
8And Hamor spoke with them, saying, "My
son Shechem longs for your daughter. Please
:D3^ inpn ij-injî-nKi ij^njjiri
give her to him in marriage. Întermarry with
us: give your daughters to us, and take our

daughters for yourselves: lOYou will dwell
"upK^'iH :rT|i imKni nnnpi inty
among us, and the land will be open before you; jp-KYpK ri"'nK-'7Ki ri->2K-bK bû;
settle, move about, and acquire holdings in it." :]nK •'^K nnxn "iu;ki n^-'rvî
1 iThen Shechem said to her father and brothers, mriKi ]nm nn>p hxa ^bv ii")rii2
"Do me this favor, and I will pay whatever you

tell me. i2Ask of me a bride-price ever so high,
:'r]fi<.b nny^n
as well as gifts, and I will pay what you tell me;
niun-nKT DDUz-riK npy^-'n iii7:'i 13
only give me the maiden for a wife."
i3Jacob's sons answered Shechem and his fa-
ther Hamor —speaking with guile because he ^b'2^2 Kb nri"''7K np^îH :Dn'nK
had defiled their sister Dinah — iând said to ijn'nK-riK nn^ n^ri nn"in hwvb
them, "We cannot do this thing, to give our sis- : Mb Kin n|)"!n-'3 nbi^ i^nwx \iJ''Kb
ter to a man who is uncircumcised, for that is ijbD vr\r\ DK DD^ niKJ nKm-"qK 15
a disgrace among us. isQnly on this condition
will we agree with you; that you will become like

^n\Lj1^ ^j'^'ni^j nD''nj3-nKi w^b
us in that every male among you is circumcised.
k^-nKTi7 :inK ay"? ip^m ddjik
i6Then we will give our daughters to you and
take your daughters to ourselves; and we will
dwell among you and become as one kindred.

i7But if you will not listen to us and become cir- '^yni ninn '•rys nnnni nu'i^'T is
cumcised, we will take our daughter and go." Sy^n "inK-k'7119 :-ii)pn-]n ddu;
i^Their words pleased Hamor and Hamor's Kim li^y^-nnn ypn -"b -in^n nwvb
son Shechem. iÂnd the youth lost no time in
"linn Kn^'!2o :vnK n^n Vsn niipj
doing the thing, for he wanted Jacob's daughter.
-'7K nniî an""!; '^Vp'bK in u^\Lj^
Now he was the most respected in his father's
house. 20S0 Hamor and his son Shechem went

nbkn uw^kti'-^ '^'t^Kb uyv W2k
to the "public place-" of their town and spoke Tinp^l y-iKn inu;;'") iJjiK dpi nmbuj
to their fellow townsmen, saying, 21 "These peo- ur}->i^b nn^-nnnn njin ynKni nnx
ple are our friends; let them settle in the land irnn-nKT n^\u:b ij'^'ni^j bnjn-riK
and move about in it, for the land is large ^^b iriK^ nKm-qK22 :UT)b jrij
enough for them; we will take their daughters

THK ny^ ril;'n'7 ijriK nnu/b' b-iu/jKn
to ourselves as wives and give our daughters to
:D-'Vnj an '^\UK3 ^^'2rb:2 hb '7l)3nn
them. 22But only on this condition will the men
agree with us to dwell among us and be as one
kindred: that all our males become circumcised
a-a Lit. "gate."
71
TORAH GENESIS 34.22 va-yishlah ^h)u•<^ ib n^>\î<>^^2 n-nn
as they are circumcised. 23Their cattle and sub-

stance and all their beasts will be ours, if we only
agree to their terms, so that they will settle -"73 Ik D3U7-'7K'i -i1nn-'7K wnu;''T24
among us." -•'All ''-who went out of the gate of
'KY"'-'?:) n3T-'73 '^b'-B") n"'V -ivu; "•kv"'
his town'' heeded Hamor and his son Shechem,
and all males, ''all those who went out of the
gate of his town,'' were circumcised.

D"'nK'3 anvrrn ''VJ''b\ijr[ Dvn °'^r^'!^ 25
250n the third day, when they were in pain, "riK ^'^b^ ]1i;nu; npy^'-'n-'ju; inpî
Simeon and Levi, two of Jacob's sons, brothers nun '^^l;rl-bv iKnî liiin li/^K nri
of Dinah, took each his sword, came upon the DW-riKi "ilnn-riKi 26 nnr'â mnîi
city unmolested, and slew all the males. 26They n"'3p nj-ii-riK inp""] nnn-'S^ inn iin
put Hamor and his son Shechem to the sword,
-b:; 1K21 Ipv? 'J3 27 .M<,î) DDu;
took Dinah out of Shechem's house, and went
1K)3U "iu;k -i^vn in^T w^bbm
away. -'"The other sons of Jacob came upon the
-riKi DipnTiKi njK'y-nK2« :nnlnK
slain and plundered the town, because their sis-
ter had been defiled. -^They seized their flocks -iu;K-nKi -i-iyn-iu/K dki annnn
and herds and asses, all that was inside the town -73-11^1 D'7-'n-'73-nKi2y •.^^pb niw?
and outside; 29all their wealth, all their children, -73 riKi inî 13U7 Dn"'u;rnKi ubv
and their wives, all that was in the houses, they :n"'33 "iu;k
took as captives and booty.
-^"Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, "You have
y~iKn 3iy'"'3 ''Ju;"'Knn'7 ''riK Dri-i3y
brought trouble on me, making me -odious
ispp ""nn ^JKi '•nsnT 'Ji[J33
among the inhabitants of the land, the Canaan-
ites and the Perizzites; my men are few in num-
ber, so that if they unite against me and attack -riK niuv;] *nilT3n n^k^VM .•>n->2'\
me, I and my house will be destroyed." îfiut 3 :ijnlnK

they answered, "Should our sister be treated like
a whore?"
35 God said to Jacob, "Arise, go up to Bethel u^p 3py^-'7K o^n'7K "i^k^'i I I ^

and remain there; and build an altar there to
the God who appeared to you when you were wv 'J3P "^ninn '^'^k nK-i^n 'bi<b
fleeing from your brother Esau." 'So Jacob said -"73 '7K"! 'in''3-'7K npy: nnK^v :"^''ni<
to his household and to all who were with him,
~iu;k h33n 'rib'K-nN npn irav "iu/k
"Rid yourselves of the alien gods in your midst,
purify yourselves, and change your clothes.
:u:iT\b-niu i3^'7nrn nnpm nnnhn
^Come, let us go up to Bethel, and I will build
DW-nu/^KT '7N-n-'3 n'7i;jT nn^pjv*
an altar there to the God who answered me ^n""! in"!^ D1">3 tik njvn '7k'7 nim
when I was in distress and who has been with -Vk ijrr'i-' :"'n3^n •^\^K "qnin ->irpv
hb I.e.. all hii fellow townsmen. Dnyuy'7 mnnn •"qV •na-! t > w.
72
'
TORAH GENESIS 35.15 va-yishlah n'7u;iT nb n'>\UK1'A min
me wherever I have gone." 4They gave to Jacob DTn "iu;k hDiiri 'n'7K-'73 riK npy;;
all the alien gods that they had, and the rings bn'K jjpu^T nn^JTKn -iu;k D"'nTiirT-nK'i
that were in their ears, and Jacob buried them
under the terebinth that was near Shechem. Âs
they set out, a terror from God fell on the cities
in nnK ^hl'^ kî n''nin"':3p hu/K
round about, so that they did not pursue the
: npi/T
sons of Jacob.
^Thus Jacob came to Luz — that is. Bethel — in Kin ]yj3 ynKî hu;x nn"? npy;" K'nî 6
the land of Canaan, he and all the people who

were with him. ^There he built an altar and JB '7K"ri"'3 bK nip)3^ i<"lP^T nlTp biz;
named the site El-bethel,« for it was there that

God had revealed Himself to him when he was
•.vni<.
fleeing from his brother.
nnpni npn-i ripj"")? nn'm n)2n^J
^Deborah, Rebekah's nurse, died, and was
was
Knp^l jiVkh nnn '7K-rT'n'7 nnrip
buried under the oak below Bethel; so it
named Allon-bacuth.^
Q :mD3 ]l^K mvj
9God appeared again to Jacob on his arrival ]i3n iK'nin Hi; h"pVT'7K Din'7K k^;!! 9
from Paddan-aram, and He blessed him. lOGod "ri^K i^-"i)3K=;T 10 : ijiK "qnn^T nnx
said to him, ripv^ j1>3\z;
"You whose name is Jacob,

npv"' ili7 -^pu; Knp-'-K'p
You shall be called Jacob no more.
But Israel shall be your name."
Thus He named him Israel.
UAnd God said to him,
"I am El Shaddai.c
^1^7 bK ''JK
Be fertile and increase;
A nation, yea an assembly of nations,

Shall descend from you.
Kings shall issue from your loins.
i2The land that I assigned to Abraham and

nnnnK^ '<r\n; "iu;k ynKn-nK") 12
Isaac
I assign to you;
And to your offspring to come

Will I assign the land."
i3God parted from him at the spot where He :y"iKri-nK jriK

had spoken to him; iând Jacob set up a pillar nn^-nii/K nlp)3ii u^ribK vb:;y2 '7^5'! 13
at the site where He had spoken to him, a

pillar of stone, and he offered a libation on it
Tipj ^ri'^bv •qt?:'! inK nnyn iriK nsT
and poured oil upon it. is Jacob gave the site.
nu;-nK npy;" Kip"! is : ]'nuj "ri^bv pV"!
a "The God of Bethel."

b Understood as "the oak of the weeping.
c Cf 17.1.
73
TORAH GENESIS 35.15 va-yishlah ^b\u^^ n"? TT'U/K'nn mm
where God had spoken to him, the name of n-^ribK uxu iriK lii nu/K mpjpn
Bethel.
'f'They set out from Bethel; but when they

were still some distance short of Ephrath,
Rachel was in childbirth, and she had hard la-

nm^n nnu/pnn 'rT"'ii' innn'rn
bor. '7When her labor was at its hardest, the
midwife said to her, "Have no fear, for it is
another boy for you." 'f'But as she breathed nnn -"S 'nu;DJ riKY^ 1'^'!^ is : ];|i -rfy nr
her last — for she was dying — she named him

Ben-oni;''but his father called him Benjamin. '"
••^Thus Rachel died. She was buried on the road npy;: ^s^l'V" :Dn'7 rrin Kin nniDK
to Ephrath — now Bethlehem. 20Over her grave
Jacob set up a pillar; the pillar at Rachel's
it is
T^bni(. u"."! bK'^\u'> yD""] 21 : Dl^'n-iy bm
grave to this day. 21 Israel journeyed on, and
:
-ifV-'îAn'p HK'prT)? l'7nN
pitched his tent beyond Migdal-eder.
'2While Israel stayed in that land, Reuben 'r\b''^ i<.^r\'^l y-iK3 'b'Kiu;"' pu/n ^'rl'>^'~2
went and lay with Bilhah, his father's concu- vnK \u^b^^ nrib^-nK nisu/î ]31k-i
bine; and Israel found out. D *bi<,'W'> vr^m

Now the sons of Jacob were twelve in num- nkb ""jn 23 : -it^v u\w ^py;]-''p t-h""!
ber. 23The sons of Leah: Reuben — Jacob's

n'r\r[''} ->)b) ^]ivnu;i ];iik"! n'pi;;' il3n
first-born —Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and
: ]p^Jm t^vv bm '>n 24 : ]i^nn "iDU/ti/î
Zebulun. 24The sons of Rachel: Joseph and Ben-
:^'7nDJi ]T '7n-i nn^vj nn'7n '3^25
jamin. 25The sons of Bilhah, Rachel's maid: Dan
and Naphtali. -Ând the sons of Zilpah, Leah's
nbK -1U7K"] lA r[i<.b nriQu; n^b] \n^ 26
maid: Gad and Asher. These are the sons of Ja- :nnK ]â5 i'p"i}'? "iF>< ^'pi^? ""J?
cob who were born to him in Paddan-aram.

KiTpn vnK pny-'7K hpi^^ Knn27
2''And Jacob came to his father Isaac at Di;z;-"ir"iU7K jinnn Kin vniKn nnp
Mamre, at Kiriath-arba — now Hebron — where nK?3 pnyi ""pi vn'^.']-^
^PPX""! °!71^^
Abraham and had sojourned, ^sisaac was
a
Isaac
hundred and eighty years old 29\vhen he

npn pny-' vm 29 : uw u•>p\u^ uw
breathed his last and died. He/ was gathered to
his kin in ripe old age; and he was buried by a :vn npv:") wv iriK
his sons Esau and Jacob.
36 rhis is the line of Esau — that is, Edom. : DiiK Kin wv niiVn h^kt I ^
2Esau took his wives from among the Ca- -riN ]VJ3 ninp vu^rnK npb wy^
naanite women — Adah daughter of Elon the n?pn"''7nK"nKi ""nnn ]i'7"'K-n3 niy
Hittite, and Oholibamah daughter of Anah
nau/n-riKi* :"'inrT jivnynn njy'nn
d Understood as 'son of my suffering {or, strength).'
" vynxa xpcD 'Kanvt^'ri .pics r|ic 'Knrnn'? v. .v.
e "son of the right hand, " or "son of the south.
I.e.,
piDD
/ Lit. "Isaac."
TORAH GENESIS 36.17 va-yishlah n'^wi ^b n"'\yK~in nmn
daughter of Zibeon the Hivite« — ând also niv "f^l!T!^ '^V"^^ ^V^ bKV'nx^'i-n^
Basemath daughter of Ishmael and sister of -riK nib) nnu7nT T|"''7K-nK wvb
Nebaioth. Âdah bore to Esau Eliphaz;
Basemath bore Reuel; Sand Oholibamah bore

Jeush, Jalam, and Korah. Those were the sons
of Esau, who were born to him in the land of
Canaan.
6Esau took his wives, his sons and daughters, inJi7)3-nK') "ln"'5 nlU7Qr'73-nKfT'nj3
and all the members of his household, his cattle -iu;k lJ^Jp"'73 hKT inpnn-'73-nK")
and all his livestock, and all the property that J^n Vn.K-'7K ^b^^_ IVJ? yiKS U73-1
he had acquired in the land of Canaan, and went n3wn nn n\pi3i n;'n-'3 7 vriK
: ^pv"!,
to another land because of his brother Jacob.
ni^pb bnniAp ynx ub^^ i(b) nn;:
7For their possessions were too many for them
-irT3 it^v ^^.".l 8 : DrT"'Jp>p 'JSp nnx
to dwell together, and the land where they so-
journed could not support them because of

:nliK wn itz;y '^îJp
their livestock. ^So Esau settled in the hill coun-

try of Seir —Esau being Edom.
9This, then, is the line of Esau, the ancestor
of the Edomites, in the hill country of Seir. :wv nu/K nnu73-]3 b^v^ iti/y nu;K
•oThese are the names of Esau's sons: Eliphaz,
1QY inlK ]'n'^r] td^'^k ""js vri^^n
the son of Esau's wife Adah; Reuel, the son of
Esau's wife Basemath. I'The sons of Eliphaz

-riK ^p'^biib "["pri"! iti^V"15 tq"''7x|7
were Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz.
i2Timna was a concubine of Esau's son Eliphaz; hbk) 13 wv n\uK niy nbk pbm
:
ij3
she bore Amalek to Eliphaz. Those were the de- nbK njpT r^Bp mn nm bk^:;^ i)^
scendants of Esau's wife Adah. i-Ând these were vri nbK) 14 '.wv nu/x npu/n 'J3 vn
the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, n\z;K ]ii73y-n3 mv-nn n)pn"''7nK 'J3
and Mizzah. Those were the descendants of
Esau's wife Basemath. iÂnd these were the sons
:nii7-nK'i d'pv:!
of Esau's wife Oholibamah, daughter of Anah
"1133 \3"'^K \n \U7i;"^,P 'QI^K hVk 15
daughter of Zibeon: she bore to Esau Jeush,
lay ^^bK -i)piK c^^^K )i2^ri qi^x iti^V
Jalam, and Korah.
isThese are the clans of the children of Esau. nriVA ^^bii nni7-iqi'pK 16 :np ^^bK
The descendants of Esau's first-born Eliphaz: y-!K3 TQ-i^K 'QI^K hVk pbl^V ^^bK
the clans Teman, Omar, Zepho, Kenaz, i^Ko- '7X1171 'jn nbk) 17 : niy -"Jii hVk dIik
rah, Gatam, and Amalek; these are the clans of TTBVJ ^^bK nnf c]1^k nnj tqi^K iti/y"]3
Eliphaz in the land of Edom. Those are the de-
y"!K3 '"^Kî^l 'S^^^^ n^K nm ^^b^
scendants of Adah. iTAnd these are the descen-
:wv nuJK nnvjii ^2:1 nbk dIik
dants of Esau's son Reuel: the clans Nahath,
Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah; these are the
clans of Reuel in the land of Edom. Those
a Cf. V. 20, "Horite."
75
TORAH GENESIS 36.17 va-yishlah nb\^^^ ^b TT'U/Knn min
are the descendants of Esau's wife Basemath. qi^K iti/y nu7K nTpni'pnK •'jn ^lbk^ i»
"*And these are the descendants of Esau's wife n'7K nn'p iqi'pK ubv"! ^^bi^ u/iv-"
Ohohbamah: the clans Jeush, Jalam, and Korah; .wv n\f7K njy-nn nnn'-'rnK ^rn^^K
these are the clans of Esau's wife Oholibamah,
Kin nn-'Di'^K r\bi<.) lu/y-i^n n'pK 19
the daughter of Anah. '"^Those were the sons of

D DinK
Esau — that is, Edom — and those are their clans.
:
n^K2o
-"These were the sons of Seir the Horite, who yiKH •nu/"' '"inn t'v^"'.;)^
were settled in the land: Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, -i^KT pu/i") 21 : mi/T liv^yT '^niu/T lyi"?
Anah, 2iDishon, Ezer, and Dishan. Those are

the clans of the Horites, the descendants of Seir,
in the land of Edom. niriKT o)3"'ni nn lyib'-'p vn='i22

--The sons of Lotan were Hori and Hemam; \]bv b'2W ""js n^K^s :vjnn jOiV
and Lotan's sister was Timna. 23The sons of
-'>n n^K"!24 :D3iKi iau; Vn-ivi nmni
Shobal were these: Alvan, Manahath, Ebal,
K_y)p "iu;k nJi7 Kin miî n^Ki ]iv;iy
Shepho, and Onam. 24The sons of Zibeon were
these: Aiah^ and Anah — that was the Anah who nnbnn-riK ihyin "ini)33 b^Din-riK
discovered the hot springs' in the wilderness ]U7i my-'n n^KT25 :pnK pv^V^
while pasturing the asses of his father Zibeon. lipn ""jn n'pKi 26 : my-nn nnn^'^nKi
25The children of Anah were these: Dishon and -'jn n^K27 ^,•Q2^ pn-'i ]iiu/ki n^pn
Anah's daughter Oholibamah. 267he sons of ]\p"'1-'n n^K 28 pyTi ]n'73 i^k
:
]i7i7-!
Dishon'' were these: Hemdan, Eshban, Ithran,

:]-lKl Y^v
and Cheran. 27Xhe sons of Ezer were these:
tqiVK )v'\b c]i'7K nnn ""piVK n'7K29
Bilhan, Zaavan, and Akan. -**And the sons of
rji'pK-ô :njy r^^bK py:?V ^"^^k bp]ij
Dishan were these: Uz and Aran.
-^These are the clans of the Horites: the clans ^p^bK nbK ]}p''i ^^b^ -i^k rji'^x 1"^"^
Lotan, Shobal, Zibeon, Anah, ôDishon, Ezer, a n-iyu; yiKî dhid'^k'? nnn
and Dishan. Those are the clans of the Horites, yiKH ^:ib'n nwK D^D^ân n'pkv'
clan by clan, in the land of Seir.
"These are the kings who reigned in the land

DliKn
i-fy u\u^ ~iiyn-]3 y'pn ^':?n''i 32
of Edom before any king reigned over the Is-
nni'' vnnn 'q'^p''"! y^n n^î] 33 : nnnji
raelites. 32Bela son of Beor reigned in Edom, and
Tj'pn''"! nnv n^p.34 :niy3?3 n-)T-]n
the name of his city was Dinhabah. 33When Bela
died, Jobab son of Zerah, from Bozrah, suc- nip';] 35 :"'j)p-'nn yiNn nu/n rnnn
ceeded him as king. 34When Jobab died, n3?3n "Tin-i^ iin vnnn Tj'7n''"i awn
Hushamofthe land oftheTemanites succeeded : npy li'iy du/t nxin nit:;^ pm-nx
him as king. 3?When Husham died, Hadad son n'^ntz; vrinn q'^D^'i Tin nn'jve
of Bedad, who defeated the Midianites in the
country of Moab, succeeded him as king; the
name of his citv was Avith. ^'^When Hadad died,
b Hfb. "uriJ/VKi/i."
4' Meaning of Heb. ycmim uncertain.
ii ilcb. Dishan; hut cf. w. 21, 25. 2H. and 30, and I Chron. 1.41.
TORAH GENESIS 37.8 va-yeshev 2v;^^ t"? ITiU/Kin min
Samlah of Masrekah succeeded him as king. vjinn '^b'l2''^ ^^72^17 n)2'>^ 37 .•

nj^-i.u;)?)?
37When Samlah died, Saul^ of Rehoboth-on- bM<s\u nip'îss :nn3rT nlnnn)? bm\ij
the-river succeeded him
died, Baal-hanan son of Achbor succeeded
as king. 38When Saul
him
:nl3pv"15 W ^^^ vnnn -rj^^pî
as king. 39And when Baal-hanan son of Achbor

^^n^T "ni3pv"l^ ^^^ W rDpî 39
ln\z;K Du/i ^VB ^yv um nnn vnnn

died, Hadar succeeded him as king; the name
of his city was Pau, and his wife's name was
Mehetabel daughter of Matred daughter of nn$u;)p^ wv ""QiVk nDau; n'7Kf4o
Me-zahab. iqi^K yjpn ci^Vk nn')3\f;:a annpjp^
40These are the names of the clans of Esau, npni^riK qiVK4i :nri"' cîVk ni'pv
each with its families and locality, name by t^l'7K42 :pi3 iqi^K n'pK C]1^K
ni7
name: the clans Timna, Alvah, Jetheth,
hK'>im tqi^K 43 :-|y:2)3 tril'pK ])2'>n C^l^K
4iOholibamah, Elah, Pinon, 42Kenaz, Teman,
mix -"QiVk I hVk uyv ^^bK
Mibzar, ^sMagdiel, and Iram. Those are the
^2K itpv Kin nn-tnx
clans of Edom — that is, of Esau, father of the
y-iK:^ bnnu/'nV
Edomites —by their settlements in the land 3 : nnx

which they hold.
Q^ VA-YESHEV
w' / Now Jacob was settled in the land where vîi ni:\}3 y-iKS npy;: nu/î ib
his father had sojourned, the land of Canaan. npy:" nMh'Fi 1 n'pK 2 -.
lyja y-iKî
2This, then, is the line of Jacob:
nv"i n^n nju; nnu7^"vnu;-]:n cipl"'
At seventeen years of age, Joseph tended the
nn^n ""JiiTiK "lyj Kim ]Kyii i-tiktik
flocks with his brothers, as a helper to the sons
tqpi"' Knî vnK ""U/j ns^T 'Jn-nKi
of his father's wives Bilhah and Zilpah. And Jo-
seph brought bad reports of them to their father.
'7K"iU7;'']3 :nriinK-'7K nvn Drin"i-nK
3Now Israel loved Joseph best of all his sons, for ti'iJiprj^""'? vJin'^^sp n^vTiK nriK
he was the child of his old age; and he had made iK"!î4 :D-'DQ nj'n3 1^ n\u}j) I'p wn
him an ornamented tunic." 4And when his
brothers saw that their father loved him more

than any of his brothers, they hated him so that
ispiî vuKb iPT u'\br\ ^rjpv nbm_ 5
they could not speak a friendly word to him.
-^V)2\u n"''7K nnk""! ^ : in'K kju; tiv
50nce Joseph had a dream which he told to
his brothers; and they hated him even more. ^He

mm 7 :"'riJ3^n nu/x njn Di'pnn kj
said to them, "Hear this dream which I have

dreamed: ^There we were binding sheaves in the mni niiyrn^") "'nja^x nnj? mrri
field, when suddenly my sheaf stood up and re- : ^nt^b^b pinnu/rn. DD"'ri')3'7K nripn
mained upright; then your sheaves gathered M-^bv ^Ti'7?pri Tj'7Dn vriK 1^7 n?pKî8
around and bowed low to my sheaf" ^His
e Or "Shaul."
a Or "a coat of many colors"; meaning of Heb. uncertain.
77
TORAH GENESIS 37.8 va-yeshev 31^1 T*? TT'WKin n-iin
brothers answered, "Do you mean to reign over

us? Do you mean to rule over us?" And they
hated him even more for his talk about his in'K "iQpii "iriK ni'7n Sly d'^n"!*^
dreams.
"rlj; bl"?!! "'Fi?p'?n nin nnKî vni<.b
'He dreamed another dream and told to his
brothers, saying, "Look, I have had another

it
'^313 ntz/y itiKT n"i.;'rn u;n\i7n mm
-b^KT ^'nK-'^K -iQDî'" -^^ n->)r\r\\ij)2
dream: And this time, the sun, the moon, and
eleven stars were bowing dow^n to me." 'OAnd nn i"? ink''") i^nK In-ivî""! vriK
when he told it to his father and brothers, his
father berated him. "What," he said to him, "is : ny"iK "^b n^nn\I;^^b "^"'nKi "^^kt ^3k
this dream you have dreamed? Are we to come, -fiK npw vnK"! vnK in-iKjp-'i i
and your mother and your brothers, and bow

1
:nn^n
low to you to the ground?" "So his brothers
were wrought up at him, and his father kept the

Kl'^n c]pi"'-'7i< bk'-W'>, i)3k''T '3 :n3w:;i
matter in mind.
'-One time, when his brothers had gone to
pasture their father's flock at Shechem, 'Msrael HK-i Ki-ii"? i"? njpk''"! '4 -.inn '\b ink""!
said to Joseph, "Your brothers are pasturing at ]i<^'r[ Dl'7u;-nKi ^^"'Iik Dlbûz-riK
Shechem. Come, I will send you to them." He pnnn pnv)? innû/""! -in^ ""nu/ni
answered, am ready." '-lAnd he said to him,
"I
mm \ij''k inKyp"! 1-=^
:n)33u; knî
"Go and see how your brothers ar^ and how the
inx'7 U7"'Kn in'7KW''"! niwii nvn
flocks are faring, and bring me back word." So
'3JK ^nKTiK -ink^'i "^ :U7i7nn-n?3
he sent him from the valley of Hebron.
When he reached Shechem, 'Sa man came
'"
upon him wandering in the fields. The man ^nvp^ ""S n-m ivpj w^'kh "ink""!
asked him, "What are you looking for?" '^He "ipK ^^vv •^'p""! nj^m HD^j Dnn'N
answered, "I am looking for my brothers. Could :]ni3 DKyn""! prk
you tell me where they are pasturing?" •''The un'>bi(. n~!p" bnum pnin in'K iki"*! '«
man said, "They have gone from here, for I

\i;->i<. nnk""! '^ :lri"'nn^ in'K i'73jn''i
heard them say: Let us go to Dothan." So Joseph
: K3 nT^n nln'^nn bv:^ mn t'Dk-'^k
followed his brothers and found them at Do-
thk:;! inD'7\:;ji inj-imi ^2b 1 nrivi -^
than.
"<They saw him from atar, and before became inn'7DK nv") n^n mnxi nn'nn
close to them they conspired to kill him. '''They ypu/iT:! :Tinn'7n Tin^-nn hki^t
said to one another, "Here comes that dreamer! 1J13J i<b "ink"-) mm in"?!^"! ]31n"i
20Come now, let us kill him and throw him into -^K piKi I unbK. nnk^v^' :WQJ
one of the pits; and we can say, 'A savage beast
n-Tn ni3rT'7K "ihk i3"''7U7n bi-iDBurn
devoured him.' We shall see what comes of his
]Vn'? l3-in'7u;n-'7K tt "inms -iu/k
dreams!" -'But when Reuben heard it, he tried
to save him trom them. He said, "Let us not take n 'K '7V Tip: V. /i.
his life." --And Reuben went on, "Shed no
78
—
TORAH GENESIS 37.36 va-yeshev 2VJ>^ lb n'^\UK'^^ n-nn
blood! Cast him into that pit out in the wilder-
ness, but do not touch him yourselves" iuiu7q:!1 T'Hk-'^k iqpl"' Kn-nu;K3 'n;') 23
intending to save him from them and restore
"'DEjri njna-riK lrijri3-nK ^cipv-riK
him to his father. 23When Joseph came up to
T'^'i'^ri in'K ^'2h\u'!) innjpî 24 : vbv iu/k
his brothers, they stripped Joseph of his tunic,
: n-iip in pK pn nlnni
the ornamented tunic that he was wearing,
24and took him and cast him into the pit. The
brfry iKt^î 'bn'7-'73K^ î^^::"!25
pit was empty; there was no water in it.
25Then they sat down to a meal. Looking up, \3b) n^T hxbj n'>km u7i^bi2X] "^vbm
they saw a caravan of Ishmaelites coming from
Gilead, their camels bearing gum, balm, and -riK nm '3 wn-nn vpik-'^k niin-'
ladanum to be taken to Egypt. 26Then Judah said
in?)pji 13^27 :im-nK irpni iphk
to his brothers, "What do we gain by killing our
brother and covering up his blood? 27Come, let
irnK-is li-'nn-'7K im ni'^KyTpu/"'?
us sell him to the Ishmaelites, but let us not do
n3i7;ii28 n-ipK ^V)2\u'>'\ wn iJim
away with him ourselves. After all, he is our ^b:J^^ bu/p^T ann'p nijnn u^wik
brother, our own flesh." His brothers agreed. tipl''-nK nspî ~ii3n-j)p ^cipv-riK
28When Midianite traders passed by, they -riK iK-'nî qp3 antf/y^ n^^Kypu/"^
pulled Joseph up out of the pit. They sold Joseph rnnnyp iqpl''
for twenty pieces of silver to the Ishmaelites,

i:ip1''-]''K mni "iliin-'^K piKi 3u;='î 29
who brought Joseph to Egypt.
T'pK-b'K 2\ul^ 30 niTOTiK y-ip'i ni33
29When Reuben returned to the pit and saw
"'JK njN 'JKi liirK ibjri "ipKî
that Joseph was not in the pit, he rent his clothes.
30Returning to his brothers, he said, "The boy

iunu7^T iqpl"' nlns-riK inp''i3i :K3
is gone! Now, what am I to do?" îThen they :D"i3 ninsn-riK i^npî n^-ti; '^^vp
took Joseph's tunic, slaughtered a kid, and -'7K iK-ifiî n-'psn njns-riK ^r[bvj'!}i2
dipped the tunic in the blood. 32They had the

ornamented tunic taken to their father, and they
said, "We found this. Please examine it; is it your
inn'73K ny-) nin ""k nlns hnxî
son's tunic or not?" 33He recognized it, and said,
vnb'np 3pv:! vnp""! 34 : tqpv iqiu qhp
"My son's tunic! A savage beast devoured him!
Joseph was torn by a beast!" 34jacob rent his
U'>y2i iJB-'^y '^SKn^'T T'jri}33 pp um
clothes, put sackcloth on his loins, and observed vn2:rh'2'\ vh-b:^ °i>3pî35 iD-'^n
mourning for his son many days. 35A11 his sons inK-is ~\)2kh njnn'7 \KJp;'i 1?bnj^
and daughters sought to comfort him; but he -.viK in'K jinj'T n^Ku; '73K 'J3-'7k
refused to be comforted, saying, "No, I will go Dny)3-'7K in'K npjp D"'h?3m36

down mourning to my son in Sheol." Thus his
D :n''n3un"it:7ni7n3D''nDnQ''ulQ'7
father bewailed him.
36The Midianites,'' meanwhile, sold him in

Egypt to Potiphar, a courtier of Pharaoh and
his chief steward.
b Heb. "Medanites.'
79
TORAH GENESIS 38.1 va-yeshev nwi nh n^WKin n-nn
38 About that time ludah left his brothers M^. 117

and camped near a certain Aduliamite whose
name was Hirah. -There Judah saw the daughter ijyjB w-'N-riB nnin"" duz-x-i;'"! ^ : n^n
of a certain Canaanite whose name was Shua,
and he married her and cohabited with her. -"^She
-inn"! 4 nv iû/tik Kip""! ]3 i^ni
conceived and bore a son, and he named him
Er. -iShe conceived again and bore a son, and
named him Onan. 'Once again she bore a son, i»u;-nK Kipni ]i ^^bn^ ily ^^dn^ 3
and named him Shelah; he was at Chezib when

she bore him. ni2m 1-1133 ^vb nu7K nT\n'> niPî^
^Judah got a wife for Er his first-born; her "•py^ yn rijin^ "ii33 "iv "n-'v npn
name was Tamar. "But Er, Judah's first-born,
niin"' n)pKî« -.nyi'' innpî mn-"
was displeasing to the Lord, and the Lord took
nn'K onî '^'riK nwx-'^K k3 ]j1k^
his hfe. J^Then Judah said to Onan, "Join with
i<b ""D ]J1N y"7='i9 :"q"'nK'7 yiT Dpni
your brother's wife and do your duty by her as
a brother-in-law,'' and provide offspring for
nu7K-'7K K^-DK n^ni ynTn n'^ji'^ i"?
your brother." ^But Onan, knowing that the y-iT-]ri3 ''r\b:ib hy-ik nn\î vr\K
seed would not count as his, let it go to waste'' nU/v -IU7K nin"" •>pv:i vi'i i" : vr\Kb
whenever he joined with his brother's wife, so -Dpn"? 'niin'' -DpK'in :lriK-Da nn=ii
as not to provide offspring for .his brother.
lOWhat he did was displeasing to the Lord, and

He took his life also. "Then Judah said to his
: n-i^K rr-n nu/ni -inn q^ni t'Pk:?
daughter-in-law Tamar, "Stay as a widow in
-nu7x viu/Tin nnni wib^ri i3"!î 1^
your father's house until my son Shelah grows
up" — for he thought, "He too might die like his IJKY 'Tir'^v bv^) njiTT' nnpi niin"'
brothers." So Tamar went to live in her father's :nnj7pn "'pîvn inyn n^vn^ Kin
house.
'
-A long time afterward, Shua's daughter, the ""lAn ipnii^ :1jKy n^ nnjDn
wife of Judah, died. When f-his period of iq^y Yn D^ni rri^yn nrnj?p^]<
q y'ynrii
mourning was over,' Judah went up to Timnah
"Hl^r'^V "iî< D''J"'V nnQ3 3u;ni
to his sheepshearers, together with his friend
Kirn r[b\u biy^2 nnx-i ""S nnjnn
Hirah the Aduliamite. '-'And Tamar was told,
"Your father-in-law is coming up to Timnah for

the sheepshearing." '-^So she took off her wid-
ow's garb, covered her face with a veil, and,
wrapping herself up, sat down at the entrance
to Enaim,'' which is on the road to Timnah; for
.; C/. DfM». -?5.5.

"
/' Lit. "spoil on the ground.
"
c-c Lit. "he was comforted.
1/ Cf. Enam. Josh. 15.}4. Others "in an open place" or "at the
"
crossroad.
80
TORAH GENESIS 38.26 va-yeshev :l\u>^ n"? JT'U/Kin nmn
she saw that Shelah was grown up, yet she had
not been given to him as wife, '^when Judah uiiTie iH-'js nn^D:? '>3 n^b ri-^pwy
saw her, he took her for a harlot; for she had
KinK Krnnn nnKî T|-|-irT-'7K ri-''7K
covered her face. i^So he turned aside to her by
SjpkJFT! Kin in^D ""s vii k^ 'b ii^^k
the road and said, "Here, let me sleep with
:^bK Kinn
you" — for he did not know that she was his
"i)pk^li7 ""s •''7-]nri-n)a
-ijpkrii jkYrT-jjp ^•tv""'!^ nVu;K ""pJK

daughter-in-law. "What," she asked, "will you
pay for sleeping with me?" '''He replied, "I will np nnkî is •.']nb\u ly jinny JI^J^'dk
send a kid from my flock." But she said, "You '^'nnn n)3krii "qV-jriK -iu;k pn-jyn
must leave a pledge until you have sent it." knî n^^-jriî "qTS '^pK ^juni "^^""riQi
isAnd he said, "What pledge shall I give you?" nprii ^^rii np^n^J9 n'p nnni ri\^K
She replied, "Your seal and cord, and the staff
: nnun'pK 'ijin u/n^rii n^^yn hq-'v^
which you carry." So he gave them to her and
T-i a-'lvn nrriK nnirr^ nû;''i2o
slept with her, and she conceived by him. i^Then
i^-n Jinnyn nrij;^ ''T^biyri invi.
she went on her way. She took off her veil and
again put on her widow's garb.
"U/jK-nx '7KU7''i2i -.riKî'D Kb) nwKn
-OJudah sent the kid by his friend the n"'j"'vn Kin nu/ipn n^x idk"? ^T\'Dp'>2
AduUamite, to redeem the pledge from the : n\LJi^ ntn nn^n-k'? npk'ji ij'i.'iri-'?^
woman; but he could not find her. 2iHe in- n-'nKyp i<b nrak"'! niin-'-'^K hu/h 22
quired of the people of that town, "Where is the

nn^rT-k'7 npK bipipn ""u/jk nil
r[];2
cult prostitute, the one at Enaim, by the road?"
j|j rib-npn hiin*' "i)3k''i23 -.-nxLJip
But they said, "There has been no prostitute
here." -2So he returned to Judah and said, "I
nriKi n-jn '>i^r[^'>nnb]u mn mb n^m
:nnKy)3 iib
could not find her; moreover, the townspeople
said: There has been no prostitute here." 23ju- r[y\r[^b "rpi n^vjin \ub\ij't23 1 ''nî24
dah said, "Let her keep them, lest we become mn DAI "^n^s inn nnjT HjqkJ?
a laughingstock. I did send her this kid, but you niK^vin niin'' "upkî d^jut"? nnn
did not find her." rinbuj K"'ni n^^m Kin 25 :i:Ti.t£7rii
24About three months later, Judah was told,

1^ nVK-"-iU7K û/^K^ inKb n"')pn-'7K
"Your daughter-in-law Tamar has played the
njpnhn 'p^ Kr"i3n h)3kjni nyi ""ajK
harlot; in fact, she is with child by harlotry."
niin"' "13:11 26 : nVKn nujsni "'^'riEini
"Bring her out," said Judah, "and let her be
burned." 25As she was being brought out, she
n^nnrk"? j3-'7y-"'3 '3)3)3 nj?!^ '"DpKî
sent this message to her father-in-law, "I am

with child by the man to whom these belong."
And she added, "Examine these: whose seal and
cord and staff are these?" 26judah recognized
them, and said, "She is more in the right than
I, inasmuch as I did not give her to my son
Shelah." And he was not intimate with her
again.
TORAH GENESIS 38.27 va-yeshev :lw•'^ nb nÛ/Kna min
-"When the time came for her to give birth,
there were twins in her womb! -'^While she was nj^n"! ivin"! nrn'^n 'n^v^ :n2unn
in labor, one ot them put out his hand, and the HT ^w
~ir2i<.b n^"'7V ~i'î?JT) JTt.'pl'^n
midwife tied a crimson thread on that hand, to
signify: This one came out first. -^But just then
he drew back his hand, and out came his

brother; and she said, "What a breach'' you have
made for yourselfl" So he was named Perez. ipw Knp"") 'pu^n lT-'7y iwk ttik
30Afterward his brother came out, on whose D :n-iT
hand was the crimson thread; he was named

ZerahJ
39 When Joseph was taken down to Egypt, imp"-) nnnyp iiin iqpT'i vb
a certain Egyptian, Potiphar, a courtier of Phar- u/îK b'Tinun ip ny-iE) onp °"i3"'ui9
aoh and his chief steward, bought him from the
IshmaeHtes who had brought him there. 2The
Lord was with Joseph, and he was a successful
man; and he stayed in the house of his Egyptian
master. Ând when his master saw that the Lord
was with him and that the Lord lent success to
everything he undertook, "^he took a liking to lri"'?-'7v ^nipD;''! iriK nnw"'"] vpv:i
Joseph. He made him his personal attendant 'T'pQn°TKp ""mis :iT3 ]n^ '\b-\uyb2'\
and put him in charge of his household, placing
in his hands all that he owned. Ând from the
n^T n?''"' ^^^^ """i^^n rrin-nN mn-"
time that the Egyptian put him in charge of his
household and of all that he owned, the Lord
blessed his house for Joseph's sake, so that the
blessing of the Lord was upon everything that
he owned, in the house and outside. ^He left all iK'n-na'' ^t)V 'n*'"! '73IK K^n-iiy^^
that he had in Joseph's hands and, with him :nK-in nQ-iT
there, he paid attention to nothing save the -nu/K Kti^m n^NH Dnnin iriK ^^[^^
food that he ate. Now Joseph was well built and n:i2VJ nnKni vpt<.
^P''''"'^^ n"'J"'V'.nN
handsome.
vpi^ nu/K-'^K npK'H t
lK)p"'"!» :"'pv
"After a time, his master's wife cast her eyes
upon Joseph and said, "Lie with me." '^But he

refused. He said to his master's wife, "Look, with
me here, my master gives no thought to any-
thing in this house, and all that he owns he has nu/i/N "TINT inu/K-nx "iu;n3 "qniK-DK
placed in my hands. '^He wields no more au-
thority in this house than I, and he has withheld
f Hf/i, pcrcs
I.e.. "bhghtnesi," perhaps ultuJiiiji to the irimson ihrcuJ.
/
82
TORAH GENESIS 39.23 va-yeshev iu;^T u"? JTiU/Kin n-nn
nothing from me except yourself, since you are : ^''n'^Kj? TiKuni riKTrr nVixn nvyi
his wife. How then could I do this most wicked -Kb) uv I ni"' iqp'i"'"'^^ ^'}^1^ ''n:'i lo
thing, and sin before God?" lOAnd much as she

: rT)3V nvr[b n'7VK nsu;'? ri^bK i;p\^
coaxed Joseph day after day, he did not yield
nlu/y"? nn^^n K'nî n-fn Di^na ^^'^\'>^ n
to her request to lie beside her, to be with her.
iiQne such day, he came into the house to
do his work. None of the household being there nnDu; i^x"? nnn inu/Brirri 12 •.w^^
inside, i2she caught hold of him by his garment : nyinn ky;'! dj"^! htî n:in nTyi'i ii3V
and said, "Lie with me!" But he left his garment DPI njiii liAii ntvia nnlx-iB ^nî 13
in her hand and got away and fled outside. inK'ni nn^n "'U/jk'? Knpni 14 :nyinn
i3When she saw that he had left it in her hand
and had fled outside, i^she called out to her ser-
Kni7K"i -'TBV nsu;^ ^^^k Kin iJii pn^b
vants and said to them, "Look, he had to bring
us a Hebrew to dally with us! This one came
to lie with me; but I screamed loud. i5And when
K2^:'l DJ"^! •''7YK 11^^ n'Ti/;'] K^pKI ""Îp
he heard me screaming at the top of my voice,

he left his garment with me and got away and
fled outside." i^She kept his garment beside her, ni^yn "rnyn ""^k-k;! -iiz^b nVKn
until his master came home. i^Then she told 'ri;'"ii8 :''n pny^ ij"? nKnri-iu/K
him the same story, saying, "The Hebrew slave
''h^K l"i:in n'Ty^T KnpKi 'îp "'pnna
whom you brought into our house came to me
:nYinrT dj^^t
to dally with me; '^but when I screamed at the
Ijiu/K nn"i-nK vjik y)3u;3 °->r\i) 19
top of my voice, he left his garment with me
and fled outside."
nbkri Dnn^3 'ii^Kb v^k nn^-i ivjk
i9When his master heard the story that his •'™°np'''!2o :i3K '^w^ -^py ^b nti/y
wife told him, namely, "Thus and so your slave
did to me," he was furious. 20S0 Joseph's master "'rT'T nniDK '^b'Bri ^yvK mDK-"i\i;K
had him put in prison, where the king's pris-
cipl^-riK mn;" ""11^121 nrirDri n^nn Dtp
oners were confined. But even while he was
nu; ""rva lin jriî ion vbi<. u"."]
there in prison, 2ithe Lord was with Joseph: He

"T^s hrTDn-n"'5 -lu; ]n'!) 22 : -inDn-n-'n
extended kindness to him and disposed the
chief jailer favorably toward him. 22Xhe chief
iri'DrT nm -ii^k nTpKn-'73 nx cipl''
jailer put in Joseph's charge all the prisoners : nt^V n-'n mh nu; b''t;;V "itf^K-'73 nxi
who were in that prison, and he was the one to -'73-nK nK""i -inon-n-'n lu; 1
PK23
carry out everything that was done there. 23The "iu;xT iriK H'ln"' nu;x3 li^n hdikd
chief jailer did not supervise anything that D : n'''?:^^ mn"" niu'v mh
was in Joseph's" charge, because the Lord was
with him, and whatever he did the Lord made
successful.
a li'f. "/lis."
83
TORAn GENESIS 40.1 va-yeshev :^\l;•<^ n n"'U/K~i:i n~nn
40 Some time later, the cupbearer and the iKun n'pKH nnnin -iriK •^n-'] iJi
baker of the king of Egypt gave oftense to their
lord the king of Egypt. 2Pharaoh was angry with
his two courtiers, the chief cupbearer and the
chief baker, -ând put them in custody, in the
house of the chief steward, in the same prison

house where Joseph was confined. -^The chief
t^pv ~iu;k Dipn "in'Dn n^^-'^K D-innun
steward assigned Joseph to them, and he -riK D"'nûn "itz; ipQ^vi :n\u noK
attended them.
When they had been in custody for some
time, H")oth of them — the cupbearer and the
baker of the king of Eg\'pt, who were confined
in the prison —dreamed in the same night, each
his own dream and each dream with its own
Ki;".! ii7'3ii ^vv UT}^bi<. k'^;""!'^ nrivn
meaning. ^When Joseph came to them in the
morning, he saw that they were distraught. ''He
"•pnp-nx bkp'')^ -.wpv^ D|m djik
asked Pharaoh's courtiers, who were with him vpK JTin ipu/pn iriK '^\^K nynD
in custody in his master's house, saying, "Why nnK'i 8 uvr[ : n"'y-i d^-ij? ynjp inx"?
do you appear downcast today?" **And they said -ink^'i in'K j^k nn'Qi iJp^n ni^n v^k
to him, "We had dreams, and there is no one "inns b^n'7K'7 Ki'7n t^bv ufibK
to interpret them." So Joseph said to them,
:^b Nrnsp
"Surely God can interpret! Tell me [your
v^vvb inb'n-nK w'^pi^ri-îu "i3p:'v^
dreams]."
^Then the chief cupbearer told his dream to
Joseph. He said to him, "In my dream, there was "nniDD K-irn up^\u r[\ub\u iDpi 'o
a vine in front of me. 'OQn the vine were three

branches. It had barely budded, when out came "'nji/n-riK ni^KT n^n nV~i3 didt'
its blossoms and its clusters ripened into grapes. -riK ]riK"! n'y-iB Di3-b'K nnK unt:;^]
'
'Pharaoh's cup was in my hand, and I took the rjpiT \b "inK^T'^ :nVi3 ^j^'bv Dl3ri
grapes, pressed them into Pharaoh's cup, and
D^?3^ n\ub\ij D"'nti7rT hvjbp ijnnEJ nr
placed the cup in Pharaoh's hand." '^Joseph
nyna ku;"' wrii n\ub\ij 1 liyn '•' :nn
said to him, "This is its interpretation: The three
branches are three days. În three days Pharaoh'
-DID nnjT '^2,3-bv "^nû/ni -Tiu/K-rnK
will pardon you" and restore you to your post;
you will place Pharaoh's cup in his hand, as was nu;K3 "^nx •jrinDT-DK ""S'-* :inp\:;n
your custom formerly when you were his cup- '"jnisTm ipn njpy Krrr'wyi ^^ nu"
bearer. ''But think of me when all is well with
:n;TrT n:'nn-"in ""jnKylm n'ins-'^K
you again, and do me the kindness of mention-
ing me to Pharaoh, so as to free me from this
ii I.it. "lift up your hcuj."
84
TORAH GENESIS 41.6 mikkets ypn xn rT'U/Knn n-nn
place. '5For in truth, I was kidnapped from the ns-Dî Qnnyn y"iK?p "'nna^ Ijiri^ 15
land of the Hebrews; nor have I done amihing

here that they should have put me in the
dungeon."
n\ubp mni "'??l'7nn "'Jk-cik iqpl"'-'7K
i6\vhen the chief baker saw how favorably he
had interpreted, he said to Joseph, "In my
^'2)2 ii"''7vrT b^3^ 17 .>\pi<i-b]j nn ''70
dream, similarly, there were three openwork

b^K tqiyni HDK nt^yw nVna bî^T^
baskets^ on my head. i"In the uppermost basket

were all kinds of food for Pharaoh that a baker n\ub\u w^vn n\ubvj ij'nris ni "it^k^t
prepares; and the birds were eating it out of the Ntlî wr^] n]ijbp I ilyni9 -.uri W'ni
basket above my head." isjoseph ans\vered, ^niK nbn) ^^>^""i'.nK nVi?
"^"'pv'?
"This is its interpretation: The three baskets are
:'?l"''7yn ^"itf;n-nx tîyn b3K^ yv'^V
three days. I'În three days Pharaoh will lift off
your head and impale you upon a pole; and the

birds will pick off your flesh."
20On the third day — his birthday — Pharaoh

made a banquet for all his officials, and he sin- nt^-riK nu7jii2i iinny -qinn u^ûti
gled out^' his chief cupbearer and his chief baker ^3-bv Dlan iri"! ^T^\?,m-bv a"'i7U7)3n
from among his officials. 2iHe restored the chief
cupbearer to his cupbearing, and he placed the :C]pr nn'p nnsi
cup in Pharaoh's hand; 22but the chief baker
rjpv-riK Dî7u;)3rTnu7 -i5t-x^T23
he impaled — just as Joseph had interpreted to
3 iinnau/^'i
them.
23Yet the chief cupbearer did not think of
Joseph; he forgot him.
A n MIKKETS
^tX After two years' time, Pharaoh dreamed
that he was standing by the Nile, 2when out of :iK;'n-'7V ipy mrri n'7n nViai
the Nile there came up seven cows, handsome nlD"" nli3 ynu; ^rhv ii<^n-]?p mm 2
and sturdy, and they grazed in the reed grass.

:inxn m-'i/'ini nt^n nKnni r\Kyi
3But presently, seven other cows came up from
']nnnK niVV ni-inx nina V2.^ r^'in) 3
the Nile close behind them, ugly and gaunt, and
"iu;:n nipii hk")?? nii;"i iK^n-jjp
stood beside the cows on the bank of the Nile;
land the ugly gaunt cows ate up the seven : ii<:'n n^^-bv nl"i3n "^^k nn'pyj"î
handsome sturdy cows. And Pharaoh awoke. n'pii nK-!?3n niy-i niisn m^ppKni 4
5He fell asleep and dreamed a second time:
Seven ears of grain, solid and healthy, grew on :nV"!a yp.""! n'KnnrT"!
a single stalk. ^But close behind them sprouted
seven ears, thin and scorched bv the east wind.
mm 6 : nilui nlKns ihk njps niVy
b Others "baskets with white bread" or "white baskets"; meaning
ofHeb. hori uncertain,
"
c Lit. "lifted the head of.
TORAH GENESIS 41.7 mikkets ypn Kn IT'U/Kin rnin
''And the thin ears swallowed up the seven soHd

and full ears. Then Pharaoh awoke: it was a n"''73\i7n njv^^^p :l!7"'"^ni< rilnn^^
dream! niKn-in n"''7^wn yniy jik mpin
**Next morning, his spirit was agitated, and
:nl'p'n mni nViB y\P^"'^ niK^'Dni
he sent tor all the magicians of Egypt, and all
^^^p""! n'7u;''T inn nvGrri Spin tit! »
its wise men; and Pharaoh told them his dreams,
but none could interpret them for Pharaoh.
rT')pDn-'73-nK'i onyn •')3V>in-'73-nK
^The chief cupbearer then spoke up and said -inis-j^Ki i)b''7n-nK urib nVi? isp'''!
to Pharaoh, "I must make mention today of my :nV~iQ'7 nniK

offenses. '"Once Pharaoh was angry with his
servants, and placed me in custody in the house nVns 1" -nvri "fsm ""jn 'Nun-nK
of the chief steward, together with the chief
w"!! "inu/jpn •'fiK ]n1^ T'iny-b'v c^yj?
baker. ' 'We had dreams the same night, he and
I, each of us a dream with a moaning of its own.
Kin") ""pK nriK n'p^/'n nl"?!! nip^mi i'
'-A Hebrew youth was there with us, a servant
of the chief steward; and when we told him our ijriK uuj) 1^ :iJ)3'7n inb'n jiinQs \uî<
dreams, he interpreted them for us, telling each i'7-iQp3i Tiiiun ipb -[2V nny "ly^
of the meaning of his dream. '-''And as he in- mbn:2 w-iK ijifin'^n-nK ij'7-inQ''-|
terpreted for us, so it came to pass: was restored

I
n^n ]3 ij'7""in3 "iu^ks •'nî 13 iinQ
to my post, and the other was impaled."
'•^Thereupon Pharaoh sent for Joseph, and he
inyn"""! iqpi-'-nK K-jp''! nViQ n'û;"'! 14
was rushed from the dungeon. He had his hair

K'n^l vnbr2iu ^bn^) n'ppi "linn-jn
cut and changed his clothes, and he appeared
cipl"'-'7K nV-i5 "i)3k"'ti3 :ny-i3-'7K
before Pharaoh. '-''And Pharaoh said to Joseph,
"I have had a dream, but no one can interpret •'JKI in'K j-iK -in'Qi ""riip^n Di'^n
it. Now I have heard it said of you that for you "in^b nl"?!! vnpn "I'jbKyTj-'^v ""Jiv??^
to hear a dream is to tell its meaning." '^Joseph iUK"? nViSTiK qpl"' IV""!
"^ :'iri><
answered Pharaoh, saying, "Not I! God will see :nV"i3 i'7u;-nK njy^ "'n'^K ny'^n
to Pharaoh's welfare." ''
"jjrr ^n'7nn iqpv"'7K nVi? "inTI
''Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, "In my
iK;'rT-]p mni '« :iK^rT n^p-bv inV
dream, I was standing on the bank of the Nile,
"<when out of the Nile came up seven sturdy

iK'n riQ-'i -itf/n nlK^n nins ynw riVv
and well-formed cows and grazed in the reed
nl"|3-vnu/ mni 1^ :^nK3 nrvini
grass. '^Presently there followed them seven iK'n niy-iT ni^"i jnnnK ni'^V nnriN
other cows, scrawny, ill-formed, and emaci- -733 mnp tt'k-i-k'? "1U73 mpii ikd
ated — never had I seen their likes for ugliness nliQn nj'^DKni v^b nnyn y-iK -^"
:
in the land of Egypt! ÔAnd the seven lean

all
nnQH ynu; hk nlynrn nip-in
and ugly cows ate up the first seven cows, the
-'7K mKnnvi :n'Kn3rT nij^Kin
sturdy ones; -'but when they had consumed
nj3ip-'7K iKn-^3 yiu k"?! nnnp
them, one could not tell that they had consumed
them, for thev looked just as bad as before. And :yi7"'K"i r['7nnn i\:^k3 y~i ]n''Knm
86
TORAH GENESIS 41.37 mikkets Yp-n KM TT'U/Knn nmn
I awoke. 22in my other dream, I saw seven ears
of grain, full and healthy, growing on a single hani 23 : nlnui ni<.bT2 -tpik Tîp^:i riVy
stalk; 23but right behind them sprouted seven nnj? nlQ"ru7 nij?^ nijpjy W'^^\u vnu;
ears, shriveled, thin, and scorched by the east
n-i^^nu/n ]]v'?nrTi24 :nnnnK ninpy
wind. 24And the thin ears swallowed the seven
n)3KT nlnun n^'pnu/ri ynu; nx np^n
healthy ears. I have told my magicians, but none
has an explanation for me."
25And Joseph said to Pharaoh, "Pharaoh's n'i7-i3 al'pq n'i7i3-'7K ^qpv ~inK''T25
dreams are one and the same: God has told T'An nu/V ""jl^Kn -iu;k nx k^h thk
Pharaoh what He is about to do. 26The seven h^ûj ynu; nnun nns v:ivj 26 : riv^^b
healthy cows are seven years, and the seven
healthy ears are seven years; it is the same dream.
ninQH v^yj) 27 : i^^ri inK Dib^n n|rT
27The seven lean and ugly cows that followed
ynu7 ]nnnK nb'vri nynni nip.ri
are seven years, as are also the seven empty ears
nlpnn b^'pû/n ynu/i nzri h->w
scorched by the east wind; they are seven years
of famine. 28It is just as I have told Pharaoh: God :ni7"i \2\1j ynu; vri-^ D^li?n nlQiu;
has revealed to Pharaoh what He is about to do. nViEj-b'K 'rini'i nu/K "in"in Kin 28
29Immediately ahead are seven years of great : nViQ-riK HKnri nu/V DTr1'7KrT '^\UK
abundance in all the land of Egypt. ÔAfter them '^liA yiu; nlxnu^w ynip njrT29
will come seven years of famine, and all the
bi/n 'ju; ynu; mpiô nnyp ynK-'7D3 :
abundance in the land of Egypt will be forgot-

nnyn ynxn V2wri-b3 nai^JT ]nnnK
ten. As the land is ravaged by famine, ^^no trace
yii^-k'pvM :y-iKri-nK nv-in n'7pi
of the abundance will be left in the land because
of the famine thereafter, for it will be very severe.
-nnx K^nri 2vyi \i$i2 ynxn v^wri
32As for Pharaoh having had the same dream niJiFn bvîi ni^r: Kin "rn^-â p
twice, it means that the matter has been deter- nn^n x\^y'>'ii W'^^vb Ti}j^,$-bK nl^nn
mined by God, and that God will soon carry : "iriiuvb u^ribKn "inn?3T n"'rT'7KrT um
it out.
DDni ]lnj \u'>i<, riij^^ kt hriyi33
^^"Accordingly, let Pharaoh find a man of dis- nt7i7V34 :DnY?3 v~!K-^v inn"'U7"'i
cernment and wisdom, and set him over the
Wiani ynKn-'7V onpa npD;'! ny-iQ
land of Egypt. 34And let Pharaoh take steps to
appoint overseers over the land, and organize"

:ynti7ri ^w ynu/B nnyp viktik
the land of Egypt in the seven years of plenty. nnun W)\LJri ^b;ik-b:2-ni< lynp^^s
35Let all the food of these good years that are nV"!3-nT nnn nn-n^yTi nb^ri nKiin
coming be gathered, and let the grain be col- b^KTi r[^n)ib :^"i^^1 °"'1V5 ^^^
lected under Pharaoh's authority as food to be ~iU7iS nynn •'ju; v:i\ub yi^kb inj??^
stored in the cities. 36Let that food be a reserve
for the land for the seven years of famine which

: ny-)^
will come upon the land of Egypt, so that the
-^3 ^pv:i^ nVis 'J"'V3 nn^n nuî 37
land may not perish in the famine."
37The plan pleased Pharaoh and all his court-
T'Tny-'7K nV"i3 nnK='T38 nnnv
« Others "take a fifth part of"; meaning of Heb. uncertain.
87
TORAH GENESIS 41.37 mikkets ypn Kn n"'U7K"in n-nn
iers. •'SAnd Pharaoh said to his courtiers, "Could : in Dirr'^K nn iu/k u/^k nn Kynjn
we find another like him, a man in whom is the
spirit of God?" •^''So Pharaoh said to Joseph,

]inr]''K nKT-'73-nK -^niK d^h'^k
"Since God has made all this known to you,
there is none so discerning and wise as you.
•*OYou shall be in charge of my court, and by your

command shall all my people be directed;'' only
with respect to the throne shall I be superior to "ip^'!42 :nny)p vik""?:) bv "înK mni
you." -I'Pharaoh further said to Joseph, "See, I nn'K ]r)'>) in^ bvT2 inyny-riK n'y-ia
put you in charge of all the land of Egypt." -^Ând

removing his signet ring from his hand, Phar- in'K n3-i:'vi3 n-iKiy-"?:; nnin im
aoh put it on Joseph's hand; and he had him
v^^b iKip'i I'^'iu/K nju/Kjn nn3-i)33
dressed in robes of fine linen, and put a gold
innyn V"!K-'73 b:; lnK ]lnjT Tj-iinK
chain about his neck. ^-''He had him ride in the
chariot of his second-in-command, and they

cried before him, "Abrek!"'^^Thus he placed him
over all the land of Egypt.
''•ipharaoh said to Joseph, "I am Pharaoh; yet nJpK-riK lyiri""] njvQ njpy c^pp-Du;
without you, no one shall lift up hand or foot t^pi"' Kv:''! n\i7K^ ]K ]n3 v")Q 'piQ-nn
in all the land of Egypt." -i^Pharaoh then gave
u^pb\ij-]:i 'c]p'i">'i46 lonv^ V"!K"'7V
Joseph the name Zaphenath-paneah;'' and he
gave him for a wife Asenath daughter of
y'iK-'733 inv!!! n'v-ia "'jp'^n t^pv ky""!
Poti-phera, priest of On. Thus Joseph emerged
in charge of the land of Egypt. — 46joseph was
thirty years old when he entered the service of
Pharaoh king of Egypt. — Leaving Pharaoh's ynw I '73'K-'73-nK yip"! 48 .wy'D^^b

presence, Joseph traveled through all the land b:2K-]Pi'>^ nn.yp yixn vri "iu;k w^w
of Egypt. rT-'nn"'np "iu;k Tiyn-nifu/ b2i<. any:?
•^'During the seven years of plenty, the land
D^n 'îna nn ^'pv nnyi 49 : nnlnn jdj
produced in abundance. ^SAnd he gathered all
the grain of '"-the seven years that the land of

:-l3P?3
Egypt was enjoying,-'^ and stored the grain in the
cities; he put in each city the grain of the fields
around it. '»9So Joseph collected produce in very

large quantity, like the sands of the sea, until
he ceased to measure it, for it could not be

measured.
Others "order ihetmetves" or "pay homage": meaning of Heb.

yishshaq uncertain.
Othen "Bow the knee," as though from Heb. barakh "to kneel";
perhaps from an Egyptian word of unknown meaning.
Egyptian for "God speaks: he lives," or "creator of life."
Lit. "the seven years that were in the land of Egypt."
88
" —
TORAH GENESIS 42.5 mikkets ypn m n"'U7K"i:n n-nn
soBefore the years of famine came, Joseph be- Klnri D"iu2i ''jn i:vj ih^ ^5'^''^^^°
came the father of two sons, whom Asenath -nn nipK ^^-nib^ "iu/k nynn n^v)
daughter of Poti-phera, priest of On, bore to
-riK qpi-' K-ipî 51 : ]iK ]n3 ynQ ûla
him. sijoseph named the first-born Manasseh,
meaning, "God has made me forget/completely

my hardship and my parental home." 52And the
second he named Ephraim, meaning, "God has
made me fertilcc? in the land of my affliction."
53The seven years of abundance that the land
of Egypt enjoyed came to an end, 54and the "ju; ynu; m"'^nrT!54 :nny)3 y"!K3
seven years of famine set in, just as Joseph had ^'i^/'
:iV1 "Tfl np'^"' "^P^ '^W^^ ^VIC^
foretold. There was famine in all lands, but
n^n nnvp v"!K-'73:2T nly-iKri-'7D3
throughout the land of Egypt there was bread.
55And when all the land of Egypt felt the hunger,
the people cried out to Pharaoh for bread; and
ny-iQ iT2i<h_ nn^b riv^^-b^ nvn
Pharaoh said to all the Egyptians, "Go to Jo-
npK^-i\^K cipl''-'7K 13^ bn.y?p-'7Db
'j3-'73 ^7^ n^n nyirTi56 -.wijn dd^
seph; whatever he tells you, you shall do."
56Accordingly, when the famine became severe bnn ^bv nnQî y-iKn
"i\z;K-'73-nK
in the land of Egypt, Joseph laid open all that ynK3 nvnn pjn;'! an.yp^ i':?^"!
was within, and rationed out grain to the Egyp-
nipnyu mn 57
y-iKrT-'73i :D"'"jy)?
tians. The famine, however, spread over the
whole world. 57So all the world came to Joseph
: yn.Kn
in Egypt to procure rations, for the farnine had
become severe throughout the world.
42 When Jacob saw that there were food nn

rations to be had in Egypt, he« said to his sons, nr^b vhb bpy;" njpK'""! Dny>33
"Why do you keep looking at one another? -\ij'> -13 T\vii2\ij mn "1)0x^2 :iK"!riri
2Now hear," he went on, "that there are rations
I
to be had in Egypt. Go down and procure ra-

c]pl-'-"'nK My,) 3 : nmi kî n^nji u]^n
tions for us there, that we may live and not die."
3So ten of Joseph's brothers went down to get
grain rations in Egypt; 4for Jacob did not send

'3 vriK-nx npy;' n'7u;-k'7 ^vv ''uk
Joseph's brother Benjamin with his brothers, n 1K3^15 :ppK îlK-jp^-JS I^K
since he feared that he might meet with disaster. n-'H-^s a"'K3ri "qlnn inu/^ bk'^p^
5Thus the sons of Israel were among those who :]VJ3 V1K3 nynn
came to procure rations, for the famine ex-
tended to the land of Canaan.
/ Heb. nashshani, connected with "Manasseh" (Menashsheh).

g Heb. hiphrani, connected with "Ephraim.
a Lit. "Jacob."
89
TORAH GENESIS 42.6 mikkets Ypn an JTiU/Kl^ n-nn
^Now Joseph was the vizier of the land; it was Kin y").kn"'7V v^h>wri K^^ ^vv)(>
he who dispensed rations to all the people of
the land. And Joseph's brothers came and
Ky_)~ :ny"iK d^qk i'7-nnn\z;'''i ^vv
bowed low to him, with their faces to the
DH^'^K n^jnî n-i3:'i vfiK-riK ripi""
ground. "When Joseph saw his brothers, he rec-
I^KJ? on'^^ "I'P^^'""! ^"iî? DJî< iî;*!
ognized them; but he acted like a stranger to-
ward them and spoke harshly to them. He asked : '73K-in\f;'7 ]VJ3 V"!K)3 nJpK'^l DriK^
them, "Where do you come from?" And they :in-i3n i<b Dm TiriK-riK ^qv ^^3'^^»
said, "From the land of Canaan, to procure
food." 8For though Joseph recognized his niK-i"? nnK D"''7n)3 nn'7K ipK""! nn^
brothers, they did not recognize him. '^Recalling
the dreams that he had dreamed about them, :

'73K-in\f/'7 1K3 "?i"'i.nyi ->pi<. i<b
Joseph said to them, "You are spies, you have
ijmK ''J3 ijm ~rnK-\:;"'K 'J3 ij^3 h
come to see the land in its nakedness." lOBut
they said to him, "No, my lord! Truly, your ser- uribi<. -Dpx""! 12 :D"''7A-!n "^n^v vri'iib
vants have come to procure food. nWe are all :nlK-)^ uni<.'2 y~!Kn miv""'? i<b
of us sons of the same man; we are honest men;

your servants have never been spies!" '-And he JV.J3 V~!K3 nnK-u/iK 'J3 ijnjK
said to them, "No, you have come to see the land nnxni Di^n iJîK-riK ]ui?n mm
in its nakedness!" iÂnd they replied, "We your "i\i;k Kin qp'!"' DnS'K -inKîH :^zpi<
servants were twelve brothers, sons of a certain
:nnK n"''7na -i'dk'? 03*7^ ""nini
man in the land of Canaan; the youngest, how-
n-m iKYri-DK nV~)D "ti ijnnn riKm 15
ever, is now with our father, and one is no
more." '-iBut Joseph said to them, "It is just as
.n:ir\ p^n DD^nK Kln^-DK "'3
I have told you: You are spies! ^By this you ' shall b3"'nKTiK nj?""") îHN D3n mbv; i^
be put to the test: unless your youngest brother n)3Nn D3"'i3"i ijns"'! noxn anKT
comes here, by Pharaoh, you shall not depart D^^nn ^s ni;-iD ^n K'7-dnt D3ni<
from this place! '^Let one of you go and bring n\iJhv; '^'^2]Ij•^ybK dhk '"
:DnK
npi^""!
your brother, while the rest of you remain
confined, that your words may be put to the test
riKT 'W"''7U7n l''3 cipl"" nn'^K "iTpK""! is
whether there is truth in you. Else, by Pharaoh,
you are nothing but spies!" I'And he confined

DK 19 :KT ""JK D"'n''7Kn-nN VH} w:j,
them in the guardhouse for three days.

n^nî npK;' in^ U2^ni<. ariK d^j?
i*On the third day Joseph said to them, "Do ]l3i;-! n3u; m-inn ^2b briKi D3"i)?u;p
this and you shall live, for I am a God-fearing IK^nn p^n 3''nK"nKT:" :D3T13
man. '''If you are honest men, let one of you -^\I;v'>^ ^nmn i<b^ n3nm ^jdn^t ''^n
brothers be held in your place of detention,
while the rest of you go and take home rations
for your starving households; -"but you must

bring me your youngest brother, that your
words may be verified and that you may not
90
TORAH GENESIS 42.34 mikkets ypn nn JT'U/K'in min
die." And they did accordingly. 21 They said to ~'7nK VriK'^^K U7"'K npK''"!2i :p
one another, "Alas, we are being punished on
account of our brother, because we looked on
at his anguish, yet paid no heed as he pleaded
V-l ^2 '•
^^'I"^ '^l^'^ ^^""^^ ^^^ ]^~^V

with us. That is why this distress has come upon
'rripK \^br\ 'ii2i<b dhk jiiKi
us." 22Then Reuben spoke up and said to them,
"Did I not tell you, 'Do no wrong to the boy'?
But you paid no heed. Now comes the reckon- iib briT 23 : \ijj^^ njin i)p"i"Dî Drii;)?^;
ing for his blood." 23They did not know that Jo-
seph understood, for there was an interpreter '^^'v^ hnbK :im '^:l^^ un^bv'n nD^'i 24
between him and them. 24He turned away from
them and wept. But he came back to them and
riK iK^n"''! ^bv \Yî 25 : nri'>2ivb inK
spoke to them; and he took Simeon from among
them and had him bound before their eyes.
25Then Joseph gave orders to fill their bags with

unb \l;vi) 'r\'i;ib nny unb nn^T ipu;
grain, return each one's money to his sack, and nrin')3n-'7y nnnuz-riK iKt^''i26 :|3
give them provisions for the journey; and this
was done for them. 26So they loaded their asses KiQpn nn^ ipw-riK hikh nnQ'''!27
with the rations and departed from there. Kin-mrr") l3p3-nK ki:'i 11^)35 ran^
27As one of them was opening his sack to give
nu7in vnK-'7K ijok^vs nrinripK •'Qii
feed to his ass at the night encampment, he saw
his money right there at the mouth of his bag.
riK-rnn "iiQKb vni<.-bK \i;'>k ^^'^n^^
28And he said to his brothers, "My money has
been returned! It is here in my bag! " Their hearts
'.Mb wribi^. ripv
sank; and, trembling, they turned to one an- ]v;3 ny-iK nn"'nK :ipyp_-bK 1x3^129
other, saying, "What is this that God has done n)2i<,b nn'K n""!prT-'73 nx '\b n-'jn
to us?" niiz/j? ijjiK y-iKH 'nK u/^kh nn^ 30
29When they came to their father Jacob in the :y"iKrT-nK n^'^nns ijn'K ]rin
land of Canaan, they told him all that had be-
ir^n i<b ijmK 'J3 vbK ~inK3T3i
fallen them, saying, 30"The man who is lord of
'J3 wnK ijmx 'iU7i;-n"'j\^ 32 : qiI?^^
the land spoke harshly to us and accused us of
spying on the land. 3iWe said to him, 'We are

-riK al^n juj^ni iiii"'K inKn ij^nx
honest men; we have never been spies! 32There '^'>K'n iJ-''7K '^riK") 33 : ]i7j3 y-iKn irnK
were twelve of us brothers, sons by the same fa- nriK n-'j? 'S vik nxn yi.Kn 'jik
ther; but one is no more, and the youngest is jinyn-nKT inK ^n'>jlî iriKri n^-^ni^.
now with our father in the land of Canaan.' DDTiK-riK m''nrif34 n^Jpi inp 3"'n3
33But the man who is lord of the land said to
unK h^brii2 i<b ""a nviK) ""'^k pjpn
us, 'By this I shall know that you are honest men:
leave one of your brothers with me, and take
something for your starving households and be
off. 34And bring your youngest brother to me.
91
TORAH GENESIS 42.34 mikkets ypn nn TTiU/Klin n-nn
that 1 may know that you are not spies but hon-
est men. I will then restore your brother to you,
and you shall be tree to move about in the land."
'^\s they were emptying their sacks, there, in
each one's sack, was his money-bag! When they

and their father saw their money-bags, they
were dismayed. •'''^Their father Jacob said to
them, "It is always me that you bereave: Joseph
is no more and Simeon is no more, and now

you would take away Benjamin. These things
always happen to me!" ^^Then Reuben said to •JKT ''"i^-'^v "iri^^ mn ^"'^n iJK-'nN
his father, "You may kill my two sons if I do
not bring him back to you. Put him in my care,
'^km m"? xim nh vrk-'b dd^v
and I will return him to you." 'f^But he said, "My
ni-iD'7ri -iU7K ^^'V]/! ]1dk inKipi
son must not go down with you, for his brother
is dead and he alone is left. If he meets with dis-
aster on the journey you are taking, you will
send my white head down to Sheol in grief."
43 But the famine in the land was severe.

-And when they had eaten up the rations which
they had brought from Egypt, their father said ^•yp nn^nK bn"''7K nnK^'i an^Y^Dn
to them, "Go again and procure some food for
us." -^But Judah said to him, "The man warned

"
us, 'Do not let me see your faces-" unless your
:n3riK D^^riK 'n'73 •'JQ iKin-k"?
brother is with you.' -ilf you will let our brother
go with us, we will go down and procure food
for you; 5but if you will not let him go, we will nVu;p T]JiK-DKT3 :'73'K "^ TiyiMJy]
not go down, for the man said to us, "'Do not

let me see your faces" unless your brother is
iDk^'if :D3nK 3"'nK ^rhi ""is
with you.'" ''And Israel said, "Why did you serve ^^kb ^^^'}.7^b -h nnynn ny^b bk''W^.
me so ill man that you had another
as to tell the
brother?" ''They replied, "But the man kept ask-

-bi^yj b\i^^ rynk'^y mx W2b ilvn
ing about us and our family, saying,

nlyn inK'7 ijni'pln'pT Mb uz-iKn
'Is your fa-
ther still living? Have you another brother?' And ^^-bv l'7-ijii nk DD^ u/^n ^n D^^nK
we answered him accordingly. How were we to
know that he would say, 'Bring your brother :D3^nK-nN nmn
here'?"
^Then Judah said to his father Israel, "Send
a-a Lit. "Do not see my face."
92
TORAH GENESIS 43.21 mikkets Yp-12 m n''\z;K~in min
the boy in my care, and let us be on our way, kV") n:jflJl HD^^JT HTpipJl TIK "lyjrT
that we may hve and not die —you and we and :iJ5U-DA nnK-DA i^mK-QA nm2
our children. Î myself will be surety for him;
you may hold me responsible: if I do not bring
him back to you and set him before you, I shall
ijn?prT?pnn i<.b^b '310 : n-'pi'ri-'?? "^b
stand guilt)' before you forever. 'Opor we could
have been there and back twice if we had not
dawdled." I j3"Qi< nnînx bi<.'W^, ^t^^ ""P^^'^l
11
iiThen their father Israel said to them, "If it VlKH nnjp-m liip ^wy riKT "kIsk
must be so, do this: take some of the choice ny uyn nnjp \u^Kb nnlm D^'^pn
products of the land in your baggage, and carry TlKbJ \JVm
:D"'7i7U7T D"'JU3 \jb) ]IJil,
them down as a gift for the man— some balm ciDBn-riKi a3Tn inp ri2\ur: rjDî 12
and some honey, gum, ladanum, pistachio nuts,

Q31^n '\2wr[ h^-^rinnpK 'an nu/iTan
and almonds. i2And take with you double the
money, carrying back with you the money that
inj; 3''nK-nKi 13 -.K^n nmri ''b'\K
]rn iû; "^K") H :\u'>i<.r[-bK ^:lw m^p']

was replaced in the mouths of your bags; per-
haps it was a mistake. i^Take your brother too; D3^ nVu/T u/^KH ^^3^7 D^nrn. D3^
and go back at once to the man. •'Ând may El
Shaddai dispose the man to mercy toward you, :"'ri^3U; '^^3^7 n\^K3
that he may release to you your other brother, nwri nm73ri-nK bû/jxri inpîT 15
as well as Benjamin. As for me, if I am to be

]P^j3-nKT Dip inp^ c^D3-nju;m
bereaved, I shall be bereaved."
: ripl"' \2^b nnyiT cinyp ^-[y^ m\?/!]
' -''So the men took that gift, and they took with
them double the money, as well as Benjamin.
They made their way down to Eg\^t, where they D^tz/JKn-riK K3n in^n-'^y -iu;k^
presented themselves to Joseph. 'HVhen Joseph i^3k't ^jik ^3 ]3rn nny nnyi nn^nri
saw Benjamin with them, he said to his house "i\z;k3 u/^kn \uv'>^ i" : nn^rtYp aû/jxri
steward, "Take the men into the house; slaugh- aÛ/JKHTlK U/^KH K3^T qpl^ "DDK
ter and prepare an animal, for the men wiU dine
^K3in p Dû^JKH wn^T 18 : v^vv nnî^
with me at noon." i"The man did as Joseph said,
3\i7rT ^ripsn "ini-'^v t^pk""! "^vv n^n
and he brought the men into Joseph's house.
i^But the men were frightened at being brought
D"'K3^n ijmK n^nri3 ^j^nnnpKn
into Joseph's house. "It must be," they thought, J^Dip./'i M-'b^ '73jnrT^T 'ii^bv ^V^nn^
"because of the money replaced in our bags the im='Ti9 :ijn'?3n-nKi nnny^ ^jjik
first time that we have been brought inside, as nnTT qDl-' n\3-'7y iu;k \ijîir[-bi<>
a pretext to attack us and seize us as slaves, with ipK ^s n)pK''T2o :n"'3rT nn| T''7K
our pack animals." 1*^80 they went up to Joseph's
'fi^}2i :'73K-n3U/^ n'^nnn ^nyi I'v
house steward and spoke to him at the entrance
of the house. 20'Tf you please, my lord," they
said, "we came down once before to procure
food. 2iBut when we arrived at the night en-
93
TORAH GENESIS 43.21 mikkets ypn m JT'U/K'^n n-nn
campment and opened our bags, there was each

one's money in the mouth of his bag, our money in'K nw3i i'îû/nn ijqds innn^^K
in full.'' So we have brought it back with us.
22And we have brought down with us other

money to procure food. We do not know who
money in our bags." 23He replied, "All
put the
is well with you; do not be afraid. Your God,
u;ib jnj DD^nK "'ri'7Ki niv'^K iK^n
the God of your father, must have put treasure
in your bags for you. I got your payment." And
he brought out Simeon to them. cipp nn-'^ n-'^JKri-riK u/^kh Knî^^
2*»Then the man brought the men into Jo- KlQpn ]n''^ un^b},'] lYn-i'T n"')p-]ri''i
seph's house; he gave them water to bathe their
feet, and he provided feed for their asses. ^SThey
laid out their gifts to await Joseph's arrival at
:Dnb' ^b2i<^
noon, for they had heard that they were to dine
there.
-riK i^ *iK"'nî nn-iiin r]pl"' k3^126
26When Joseph came home, they presented

to him the gifts that they had brought with them ink'"'! Dl'7u;'7 hrib '^kw^'V^ :nY-iK
into the house, bowing low before him to the
ground. -"He greeted them, and he said, "How

is your aged father of whom you spoke? Is he
still in good health?" ^sjhey replied, "It is well
with your servant our father; he is still in good

health." And they bowed and made obeisance.
"iu;k pi^n QDTiK nrn lakî 1^k-]3
2'^Looking about, he saw his brother Benja- :'>n T]jn^ D''rf'7K -iDk"! ^bi< nrnnx
min, his mother's son, and asked, "Is this your T'nK-'7K vjprn. nKj^râ ^tv ^^r]'t2^>^ 30
youngest brother of whom you spoke to me?" : nrau; p^T n"jinrT kiî nian'? vjy^^'')
And he went on, "May God be gracious to you, 1WU7 "ink"! pSKnî ky"! t'jq ynnî 31
my boy." ôwith that, Joseph hurried out, for

u-i:ib u^[b^ m'? '\b mw^)^'- :Dn^
he was overcome with feeling toward his
t<b °i3 Din"? iJiK ''^DKn DnY^î
brother and was on the verge of tears; he went
nnnv!7"riK '7bK^ D''"^^^n ]^b^2V
into a room and wept there. 3' Then he washed
his face, reappeared, and — now in control of uu7''T33 iDnYD^ Kin nnyln-^D nn^
himself —gave the order, "Serve the meal." iniVYD i^VYm irnbns nbnn vi^b
32They served him by himself, and them by
themselves, and the Egyptians who ate with him
by themselves; for the Egyptians could not dine
with the Hebrews, since that would be abhor-
rent to the Egyptians. -''''As they were seated by
his direction, from the oldest in the order of his
b Lit. "by iti weight. 7WM-\ K V. 26.
94
TORAH GENESIS 44.12 mikkets ypn -1)3 n"'U7K~in mm
seniority to the youngest in the order of his
youth, the men looked at one another in as-
tonishment. 3-iportions were served them from

niT \1jy2n ub2 nxU7)2?3 ]'n^n riKU/n
his table; but Benjamin's portion was several'^'
times that of anyone else. And they drank their

fill with him.
dd
^r^r Then he instructed his house steward
as follows, "Fill the men's bags with food, as nu7K3 b^k wp^Kn n'nn?3X-nK K'bn
much as they can carr)', and put each one's ipn \z;"'i<-c]p3 u^VJ^ nxU; ]^b^v
money in the mouth of his bag. 2Put my silver
c]D|)n y-inA •'y^nî-nxi : :lnnnpK
goblet in the mouth of the bag of the youngest
rjDs nx") p[?rT nnn?3K "'sn b"'U;n
one, together with his money for the rations."
:-i3T 1U7K r|plT in~|3 tz;v!i innu;
And he did as loseph told him.
3With the first light of morning, the men were ntprj ^nb\LJ D-'u/axm -lix ni?'3n3
sent off wath their pack animals. -^They had just
left the city and had not gone far, when Joseph mp ln^5"'7y -lU/xy-inK riDl"'Vip''nin
said to his steward, "Up, go after the men! And ^\l)2i<.^ nn^tirni d^'U/jkh nnx ^1^^
when you overtake them, say to them, 'Why did
:nnlu nnn ny-i uni^bp n't^b dh'tk
you repay good with e\^l? ?It is the ver)- one from
Kim in ''jiK nnu;^ ii^n ni; Kl'rns
which my master drinks and which he uses for
: nrrju/y nu;N anVnrr in iz/nr v)nz
divination. It was a wicked thing for you to do!'"
6He overtook them and spoke those words to
nnn^n-riK uribK "inî D;\t£7::i6
them. Ând they said to him, "Why does my lord ^™ inT HTpb' T'^K njpK'v .-n^Kn
say such things? Far be it from your sen.'ants to nitf;i;n "^'"inv^ '^^''^C n^xri nnn^?
do anything of the kind! ^Here we brought back "Qn iJKYJp nu;K rioi) ]n .-^
: mn in"i3
to you from the land of Canaan the money that
]VJ3 V"iKn '^•'bK inû/n irnnn^DK
we found in the mouths of our bags. How then
:nrTT Ik t^pn "^^jik n^nja nj;ij :]^k"]
could we have stolen any silver or gold from
your master's house! "^Whichever of your ser-
-DAI nm ^nnyp iriN xYTa^ "iîS^
vants it is found with shall die; the rest of us,

-iKJK^lio iDnny^ 'iiK^ rijrii ijhjk
moreover, shall become slaves to my lord." lOHe Ky)3^ nu7K K^n-]3 DDnnTn nny-DA
replied, "Although what you are proposing :uip2 vrin anis"] 'V"n;;rT' inx
is
^^V
right, only the one with whom it is found shall innnaK-nK u;î< ni1='i nnnîn
be my slave; but the rest of you shall go free."
u/snî 1: :1nnnnx ii/^k inriQ"! hyik
11 So each one hastened to lower his bag to
y^nArr ky^p^t n^n fupni btin '7l"iAn
the ground, and each one opened his bag. i2He
searched, beginning with the oldest and ending
with the youngest; and the goblet turned up in
c Lit. "five."
95
TORAH GENESIS 44.12 mikkets ypn -m TTiU/K")!! min
Benjamin's bag. '-Ât this they rent their clothes.
Each reloaded his pack animal, and they re-
turned to the city.

Kim qpi"" nrrin vnK^ n-rin-" knî n
'••When Judah and his brothers reentered the
house of Joseph, who was still there, they threw
-IU7K n-rn nu/yân-nip ^'ov urjb
themselves on the ground before him. '-^Joseph
said to them, "What is this deed that you have
done? Do you not know that a man like me prac- -nn niin^ nnK""! i6 : ""Jwd "iu;k u/^k
tices divination?" '^Judah replied, "What can

we say to my lord? How can we plead, how can ^^n "^nni; pV'HK K^n D-'n'7Kn
we prove our innocence? God has uncovered
the crime of your servants. Here we are, then,
slaves of my lord, the rest of us as much as he

Kin ii^î v"'n3>rT K^pj iu/k u/^kh nkT
in whose possession the goblet was found."
-'7K Dl'7U;'7 i^y nriKi ini; "''^-n^nT
'7But he replied, "Far be it from me to act thus!
D :DD"':iK
Only he in whose possession the goblet was
found shall be my slave; the rest of you go back
in peace to your father."
VA-YIGGASH
i^Then Judah wen^ up to him and said,
"Please, my lord, let your servant appeal to my nn;'.-'7K"i •'j'TK "'JTKn in-j "^"inv xri^T
lord, and do not be impatient with your servant,
you who are the equal of Pharaoh. >'^My lord
nK U2b-\LJ-','n "ii^Kb iîny-riK bk\u
asked his servants, 'Have you a father or another
nK \:ib-\U'>, 'nK-'7K '-|)pK3T20 :nK-lK
brother?' 20We told my lord, 'We have an old
father, and there is a child of his old age, the
nni"! nn ttikt ]vp^ D^jpT ibj) jj?t
youngest; his full brother is dead, so that he "inK'nvi :innK vnxT 1)2k^ mb Kin
alone is left of his mother, and his father dotes •ry njp-'u/KT ''7K innnin Tjnny-'^K
on him.' -'Then you said to your servants, -lV|n '73T'-k'7 "'JlK-'7r< ~n}3K3'] 22 :Vbv
'Bring him down to me, that I may set eyes on •.nr?) TinxTiK nTyi TinxTiK niy^
him.' 22We said to my lord, 'The boy cannot
D3''nK ly, K^'DK ^'inv-'7N hnKni 23
leave his father; if he were to leave him, his father
I'ljs riiK-1'7 ]iDDn i<b D3nN pi^n
would die.' 23But you said to your servants, 'Un-
I'^-iAii ""nx 'î3v'?K ir'^y ^3 'n-'i -1
less your youngest brother comes dovm with
you, do not let me see your faces.' 24When we i^j'iK n3T nx
came back to your servant my father, we re-
ported my lord's words to him. Vî-DK mn'? "7313 i<b ^nKl^2^ :b3K
'5"Later our father said, 'Go back and procure
some food for us.' 2^We answered, 'We cannot

go down; only if our youngest brother is with
96
TORAH GENESIS 45.4 va-yiggash u/pi nn n"'\:;Kin n-nn
us can we go down, for we may not "-show our 751^ ky*'? ij^nî \2r\K fujprr ijtik
faces to the man-" unless our youngest brother
is with us.' 27Your servant my father said to us,
'As you know, my wife bore me two sons. 28But
KîlT 28 : ^r\pK ''yri'fpi D^ju; •'s Dn VT
one is gone from me, and I said: Alas, he was
K^l qiu c^nu -^K n)?Ki >r\Ki3 nnxn
torn by a beast! And I have not seen him since.
29If you take this one from me, too, and he meets
nT-riK-na nnripb^29 :mn-iv T'rr'K")
with disaster, you will send my white head down

to Sheol in sorrow.'
30"Now, if I come to your servant my father ny^H"! 'î< îny-'7K ^'k'^3 nriy"i3o
and the boy is not with us — since his own life
:i\f7Dn njwup iu/qjt ijnx i3J"'x
is so bound up with his — îwhen he sees that
npT -ivin i^K--"? inK-13 n^nisi
the boy is not with us, he will die, and your ser-
vants will send the white head of your servant

irnK •jj'inv nn"'i;7-nK "^nny nnim
our father down to Sheol in grief. 32]s[ovv? your
servant has pledged himself for the boy to my
father, saying, 'If I do not bring him back to you,
I shall stand guilty before my father forever.' nK^ inv "ivln rinri '-^^nv i<r^^,^
33Therefore, please let your servant remain as n'7i7K 'ii''K"'3 34 cvn^-nv hv} ivini
a slave to my lord instead of the boy, and let
the boy go back with his brothers. 34Por how

can I go back to my father unless the boy is
with me? Let me not be witness to the woe that

would overtake my father!"
45 Joseph could no longer control himself

before all his attendants, and he cried out, "Have
nn
everyone withdraw from me!" So there was no
one else about when Joseph made himself
IVpp"} •'333 iVp-riK ]ri^12 :T'nK-'7K
known to his brothers. 2His sobs were so loud
that the Egyptians could hear, and so the news

reached Pharaoh's palace.
"rlyn ^vv "ipK i"'nK-'7K ripv '^)2i(^^ 3
3Joseph said to his brothers, "I am Joseph. Is

s in'K nîv^ vriK i^s^-k'pi \n ^3x
my father still well?" But his brothers could not
answer him, so dumfounded were they on ac-
count of him. nri"!3p—IU7K D3"'nK t^vv •'Jk ijok'"!
4Then Joseph said to his brothers, "Come for-
'K nun V. 29.
ward to me." And when they came forward, he
said, "I am your brother Joseph, he whom you
a-a Lit. "see the man's face."
97
TORAH GENESIS 45.4 va-yiggash u/Pi nn n''U;K~i:i n-nn
sold into Egypt. -''Now, do not be distressed or li^yn-'^K I

nnvv^ :nnn2^)3 tin
reproach yourselves because you sold me
hither; it was to save life that God sent me ahead -13 6 :D3"'jq'7 dt1'7k înbvj n^np"? ""s
of you. Ît is now two years that there has been

u/nn tly") y-)Kn n-i.j73 nynn dtju; ht
famine in the land, and there are still five years
to come in which there shall be no yield from

tilling. "God has sent me ahead of you to ensure
your survival on earth, and to save your lives •.r]b'i^ r^v^b^b wi^b nvr\^b^ yn^n
in an extraordinary deliverance. **So, it was not ""B mn TiK nnnW dfin-k'? nnvi '^
you who sent me here, but God; and He has ]^~î<•b^ riv^^b nx"? 'Jn^'U^'î Tl'^Kn
made me a father to Pharaoh, lord of all his •.W'}y)2 yiK-'7D3 b\u'm irii3-'7D'7
household, and ruler over the whole land of
n'3 vbK Dn-i)pKi '''nK-S'K iîri nnp^
Eg)T?t.
'^"Now, hurr)' back to my father and say to

:n>3yn-'7K •'^k ni"i Dnyn-'?^'?
him: Thus says your son Joseph, 'God has made
me lord of all Egypt; come down to me without ^bK mij? n^m ]m-y"i.i<n nnwî kj
delay. 'OYou will dwell in the region of Goshen,
where you will be near me —you and your chil- -'3 DU/'^ri'K ^n'73'7Dl " :-i'7-"1U;N-'731
dren and your grandchildren, your flocks and

herds, and all that is yours. 'There I will provide
•
DD-'py njini'2 : ii'p-iWK-'^D'i ^rr'ni

for —
you for there are yet five years of famine
ininn 'p-'s pj^^n ""Hk ""rvT nlki
to come — that you and your household and all
^'nln3-'73-nK îiKb ur}l^7l^ '-^ :n3-''7K
that is yours may not suffer want.' '-You can
see for yourselves, and my brother Benjamin for
himself, that it is indeed who am speaking to
I
you. 'Ând you must tell my father everything
about my high station in Egypt and all that you "^S^ piyj;'1'5 :T'~)Kiy"'7V n33 ]P^J31
have seen; and bring my father here with all vnK nsT 13 nrtNT Dn'î; '^'y>^ rriK
speed."
:1nK
'4With that he embraced" his brother Ben-
jamin around the neck and wept, and Benjamin
"PVîT nv"|3 ""rys 3t)""'i ^vv "•hn
wept on his neck. '-''He kissed all his brothers
and wept upon them; only then were his broth-
ers able to talk to him. D3"i''y3-nK ijyu wv riKi "^•'nK-'^K
"'The news reached Pharaoh's palace: "Jo- -JIN inpT."* :iyJ3 nyiK W'3-13'71
seph's brothers have come." Pharaoh and his
courtiers were pleased. ''And Pharaoh said to

Joseph, "Say to your brothers, 'Do as follows:
load up your beasts and go at once to the land

of Canaan. '«Take your father and your house-
a Lit. "fell on."
98
J
TORAH GENESIS 46.3 va-yiggash \l;v^ in JTÛ/Kin n-nn
holds and come to me; I will give you the best

of the land of Egypt and you shall live off the -jiK i^pKi Dn.yjp y-iK hiu-nx u-hb
of the land.' iÂnd you are bidden
fat [to add],
w^ nkT r[n^);:;f nriKi 19 : ynxn n'rn
'Do as follows: take from the land of Egypt wag-
h2B\pb n'\b:xv nnyjp y"iK)3°Q3^-inj7
ons for your children and your wives, and bring
your father here. 20And never mind your be-
longings, for the best of all the land of Egypt
shall be yours.'" :Mn U2b Dnyn Vl^""^?
2iThe sons of Israel did so; Joseph gave them ^vv urib ]riî bk-ip-> 'Jii p-it:7i7iT2i
wagons as Pharaoh had commanded, and he niy urib ]n'') nVna ^^-bv ni^^y
supplied them with provisions for the journey. nlD^n vj'>i<,b jnj 0^3^22 :"^-i^'7
22To each of them, moreover, he gave a change
r]D3 niKn \i;b\ij )n2 ]^n'>nb^ ribi^p
of clothing; but to Benjamin he gave three hun-
nb\LJ vnK'7T23 :nbT2\u ri^bn \u12n)
dred pieces of silver and several'' changes of
clothing. 23And to his father he sent the follow-
mup "'KU/j Dnbn niiuv hKT3
ing: ten he-asses laden with the best things of nnj7i in nam n'iriK -îuv^ nn^^JP
Egypt, and ten she-asses laden with grain, bread, T'fiK-nK nbp'>^'~^ :TO^ t'?>^^ PI^p^
and provisions for his father on the journey. r^lI'lS 1TA-)rT'7K nri'?K n?3K'')1 is^^:'"!
24As he sent his brothers off on their way, he -bK ]i7j3 *y"iK iK'n^T Dny)3)p i^y^T 25
told them, "Do not be quarrelsome on the way." ily 'ir^Kb ^b ni''i26 :aninK npy;:
25They went up from Egypt and came to their
Dnyp y"iK-'733 bp')2 mti-^^) ti ^vv
father Jacob in the land of Canaan. 26And they
n3Ti27 :QrT^ ppKH-K'? ""a '\ib
:,î)
told him, "Joseph is still alive; yes, he is ruler
over the whole land of Egypt." His heart went

nn'7K nsT '^\ui<. ^^vv n.n^-'73 nx vbK
numb, for he did not believe them. 27But when ^vv nb\u-^\uK nl'7î7n-nK ki:ii
they recounted all that Joseph had said to them, :Dri-'3K npi;? nn "rujii in'K riKu;^
and when he saw the wagons that Joseph had n ""n iqpv-Tly nn bk'W'> h)pK^'!28
sent to transport him, the spirit of their father :m)3K n-|U3 13K"IKT n3'7K
Jacob revived. 28"Enough!" said Israel. "My son
Joseph is still alive! I must go and see him before
I die."
46 So Israel set out with all that was his, K'3^1 l'7-lU;K-'73l''7K"lt^'' VD^'l I I
and he came to Beer-sheba, where he offered i\3K ''TibKb nm] n3T='i ynjz^ nnxn
sacrifices to the God of his father Isaac. 2God
^'7K'iU7"'^ I a"'n'7K "i)pK'''!2 :pny;'
called to Israel in a vision by night: "Jacob! Ja-
ni^y^ I
n'pi/T ~i)3k;'1 "nbibri ri'K"!)?^!
cob!" He answered, "Here." Ând He said, "I
•'rf^K '7Kri 122K "l)pK"^13 t-ij-in "l)pK"^1
am God, the God of your father. Fear not to go
down "'lA^-'s njpn.yp niin K-i""ri-'7K '^•'3k
to Egypt, for I wiU make you there into
"ny-iK" j-'vvm in-inD v. 25.

b Lit. "five"; cf. 43.34.
99
TORAH GENESIS 46.3 va-yiggash \ypi in JT'U/Klin niin
a great nation. •»! Myself will go down with you
to Egypt, and I Myself will also bring you back;

and Joseph's hand shall close your eyes."
5So Jacob set out from Beer-sheba. The sons
-i,n iku/"") ynu; iKnn ^pv"! up^)^
of Israel put their father Jacob and their children
and their wives in the wagons that Pharaoh had
sent to transport him; <ând they took along their
livestock and the wealth that they had amassed

in the land of Canaan. Thus Jacob and all his
offspring with him came to Egypt: ^he brought

with him to Egypt his sons and grandsons, 1i;~ir'^3") vjii nUnT vrin inK vn "'jni
his daughters and granddaughters — all his
offspring.
WK'iri '7K"iti;''-"'n nlnu7 nVkTs
*^These are the names of the Israelites, Jacob
and his descendants, who came to Egypt.
Tiun piK"! ""jniy :iniK-i npi?;' iD3
Jacob's first-born Reuben; "^Reuben's sons:
Enoch," Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi. '"Simeon's ]ii;au7 •'nuo :'')p-!3i li^^m k^'^dt
sons: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and bm\u-] "in'yi yî") in'K"! '7KinT
ypi)
SauH' the son of a Ganaanite woman. "Levi's nnp p^-ia 'jnTii : n-iJi/j^rT-in
''fp
sons: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. i^judah's r[b\ij) ]JlKT ny niin*' \n^^2 :"'i™
sons: Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez, and Zerah —but ]V^3 V"]^? l^"!^") "^V ri?p^"! nin y-iDT
Er and Onan had died in the land of Canaan;
^pT 13 -.bmm ]l"iYn V73""'J:;i i^nî
and Perez's sons were Hezron and Hamul. iÎs-
sachar's sons: Tola, Puvah, lob, and Shimron.

"pi 14 : ]^•^)2\IJ^ :iv-] m3T ijbm ~i3U7\^t
i^Zebulun's sons: Sered, Elon, and Jahleel.

' ^Those were the sons whom Leah bore to Jacob riK") niK j"!?^ '^pV.^b nibi '^^ji^ r[kb
in Paddan-aram, in addition to his daughter
Dinah. Persons in all, male and female: 33.' : \ub\^^
"'Gad's sons: Ziphion, Haggi, Shuni, Ezbon,
Eri, Arodi, and Areli. '''Asher's sons: Imnah,

Ishvah, Ishvi, and Beriah, and their sister Serah.
Beriah's sons: Heber and Malchiel. '^Thesewere

nvn:; ipi onnK nnu/i nynni "'iw^t
the descendants of Zilpah, whom Laban had nu7K ns^T 'J21 n^Ki« :'7K"'3^nT "inn
given to his daughter Leah. These she bore to n'pK-nK i^ni inn nK'7'7 i^^ ]n;
Jacob — 16 persons. :u;qj nnwi; u/u; ^'py;''?
'"^The sons of Jacob's wife Rachel were Joseph : ]^n122^ qpp Ipv,"! riu/K '7n-i 'J3 1-^
and Benjamin. 207© Joseph were born in the

-n"i'7T -lu/Kb-'-iyn ynK3 rjov'? I'î"*! :!<>
land of Egypt Manasseh and Ephraim, whom njDN \b

-riK ]K ]n'3 y-)Q ""uiSTin
Asenath daughter of Poti-phera priest of On
bore to him. -'Benjamin's sons: Bela, Becher,
u (Jr "Hanocli."
b Or Shaul.
c Imtticling Jacob.
100
—
TORAH GENESIS 46.34 va-yiggash VJr^ in TT'WKin nmn
Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim,

Huppim, and Ard. 22These were the descen- '7n"i -"jn n^K22 i^-iKT n-'Brri n-'sn
dants of Rachel who were born to Jacob — 14 nt^y nviiilK u;Qr'73 :^pv,']b ib^ iu/k
persons in all.
bii^ni '/'nQJ ""^124 :D"'u;n ]X''J?^23
23Dan's son:^ Hushim. 24Naphtali's sons:
Jahzeel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem. 25These were
whom Laban had
n^K-riK n^ni inn '7n-i'7 ]^b jnrnu/K
the descendants of Bilhah,
given to his daughter Rachel. These she bore to :r[v:i\u \u^yb'^ ^"i?i!-^
Jacob — 7 persons in all.
26A11 the persons belonging to Jacob who

came to Egypf — his own issue, aside from the '\b-'lb''-\\lJK ClpV 'JnT27 ;\lj]jj'[ u'>\ijp
wives of Jacob's sons — all these persons num-
bered 66. 27And Joseph's sons who were born
to him in Egypt were two in number. Thus the
total of Jacob's household who came to Egypt
was seventy persons./ c]pl''-'7K vi^b nbuj nnin^-nKT 28
:]m nY-)K iK'n^T n^m v}^b nnin^

28He had sent Judah ahead of him to Joseph, -nKnp'7 bv'>}_ innann ^c]pii ipK;''!29
to point the way before him to Goshen. So when ^'73='l V^K Ky,) njm T'DK bK'W';
they came to the region of Goshen, 29joseph
ordered^ his chariot and went to Goshen to
ny|n nrnwK np'""'"'^^
bi<,'ip'' "DpKî 30
meet his father Israel; he presented himself to
him and, embracing him around the neck, he
wept on his neck a good while. -ôThen Israel said

to Joseph, "Now I can die, having seen for myself "pK vbi< nnp'KT riv^^b n-fAK) n^^VK
that you are still alive."
3iThen Joseph said to his brothers and to his Vri mj?)3 'U7JK'"'3 ]KY ly-l "'U/JKni 32
father's household, "I will go up and tell the iiK-inri UTjb ^^\Lji<.-b2^ n'^p2^ njK'y'!
news to Pharaoh, and say to him, 'My brothers
-nn "ipKT nviE! dd^ i<"]p"'""'3 n^ni 33
and my father's household, who were in the land

of Canaan, have come to me. 32The men are
ijmK-DA nnv'fVl ^^'^.î^^P t1^^
shepherds; they have always been breeders of
livestock, and they have brought with them ]\u'i ynKS \nu;ri "nnvn ijînnx-na
their flocks and herds and all that is theirs.' 33So
when Pharaoh summons you and asks, 'What

is your occupation?' 34you shall answer, 'Your
servants have been breeders of livestock from
the start until now, both we and our fathers'
so that you may stay in the region of Goshen.
For aU shepherds are abhorrent to Egyptians."
d Heb. "sons."
e Not including Joseph and Joseph 's two sons.
f Induding Jacob and Joseph.

101 g Lit. "hitched."
TORAH GENESIS 47.1 va-yiggash \ui^'^ m n"'U/K"l3 min
47
Pharaoh, saying,
Then Joseph came and reported
"My father and my brothers,
to m
with their flocks and herds and all that is theirs,
:]m y"!K3 Djni ]yj3 V"!KJ? w3
have come from the land of Canaan and are now
n-'U/JK nwpn n\?b vhk n^pmi
in the region of Goshen." Ând selecting a few"
of his brothers, he presented them to Pharaoh.

-'Pharaoh said to his brothers, "What is your oc-
cupation?" They answered Pharaoh, "We your :irriinK-DA ijnjK-Di ^'-iny ]ky nyn
servants are shepherds, as were also our fathers. iJKn v~i.K3 "lu'p ni;~!Q"'7K nnRî-i
''We have come," they told Pharaoh, "to sojourn -•'3 ^'"i.ny^ -iu/K ]i<^b ny-i)3 T'k-'s
in this land, for there is no pasture for your ser- Krinu;-' nrivi IV.p Yî^"^ ^vnn iid
vants' flocks, the famine being severe in the land
-bK nyiQ nnxîs .]m ynxn "^'pi;
of Canaan. Pray, then, let your servants stay in
the region of Goshen." ''Then Pharaoh said to
Joseph, "As regards your father and your broth-

pKH nu^pn Kin T'JQ'^ nn.YD yiK (^
y-iKînu;;' ^\nK"riKi ^'nK-riK 3\z;in

ers who have come to you, ^the land of Egypt
is open before you: settle your father and your
brothers in the best part of the land; let them
stay in the region of Goshen. And if you know
any capable men among them, put them in :ni;-!3-nK n'pv: ^"i3''i n'y-iQ î^b
charge of my livestock."
n)33 nV"!?
^)p '>r2'> :i\pv.i'bi<, n)pK''"!«
'"Joseph then brought his father Jacob and
lip ^'>)2-!
Tiv^B-bK npi/;' idk^t^ :"^"',:;n
presented him to Pharaoh; and Jacob greeted
Pharaoh. *<Pharaoh asked Jacob, "How many
are the years of your life?" Ând Jacob answered 'JU7 ')3;'TiK ^rikr^ kî '>^n 'ju; "'W"' vn
Pharaoh, "The years of my sojourn [on earth]
are one hundred and thirty. Few and hard have :n'y"iD ""JQ^^^ KY"") ny-iB-HK
been the years of my life, nor do they come up
to the life spans of my fathers during their so-
y")Kri nvpii nny?? yiKS niiiK on^
journs." '"Then Jacob bade Pharaoh farewell,
:ny-!D my iu;kd DpTavn yiK^
and left Pharaoh's presence.
'
' So Joseph settled his father and his brothers,
giving them holdings in the choicest part of the
:t\vn ->^b Dn"? pnK n''3-'73
land of Egypt, in the region of Rameses, as Phar-

aoh had commanded. '-Joseph sustained his fa- nynn inD-ia ynKn-'7D3 yi< nn'^T 13
ther, and his brothers, and all his father's house- "-jQa ]VJ3 V"iKT bnyp yiK n^ni n'K??
hold with bread, down to the little ones.
'3Now there was no bread in all the world,
for the famine was very severe; both the land
a Lit. "five."
102
TORAH GENESIS 47.23 va-yiggash m-iT m n''\:7K~in n-nn
of Egypt and the land of Canaan languished be-

cause of the famine. i4joseph gathered in all the
money that was to be found in the land of Egypt -JiK cipv k;i^"! nnnu/ dh-iu/k nn\i75
and in the land of Canaan, as payment for the
c]D|)rT nrr'iis inVna nn''^ tquan
rations that were being procured, and Joseph
brought the money into Pharaoh's palace.
isAnd when the money gave out in the land of
Egypt and in the land of Canaan, all the Egyp- -inkî 16 : iqD3 DQK ""S -^ÂJ m?pj n^b)
tians came to Joseph and said, "Give us bread, Dp''j|7)pii DD^ njriK") n3"'Ji7p inn ^^vv
lest we die before your very eyes; for the money Dri''Ji?n-nx iK''nîi7 itqoa dsk-dk
is gone!" i6And Joseph said, "Bring your live- QipiDn an^ qpv DH^ jri"! 'cipi"'-'7K
stock, and I will sell to you against your live-
Dn')3nnT ipnn njppni ]KVri njpnni
stock, if the money is gone." i^So they brought
m\i75 rijj7)3-'73n bn'pn n'7nj''i
their livestock to Joseph, and Joseph gave them
bread in exchange for the horses, for the stocks
of sheep and cattle, and the asses; thus he pro-
vided them with bread that year in exchange for n)pn:nri njppi iqparT nrrDK ""b ""inKp
all their livestock. isAnd when that year was 'ri'pn ""hK ''JQ^ Sku/j i<b ''pK-bi<,
ended, they came to him the next year and said

to him, "We cannot hide from my lord that,
with all money and animal stocks consigned
the
ijmK rvni) nnVn ijnmK-riK'i
to my lord, nothing is left at my lord's disposal
n:imi vnrini ny-15^ nniiy iJri)?"[Ki
save our persons and our farmland. i^Let us not
perish before your eyes, both we and our land.
Take us and our land in exchange for bread, and bnyjp n)?iK-'73-nK ^bv ]i7'T2o
we with our land will be serfs to Pharaoh; pro- ^nl\L; vj'>k bn.^p n3)p""'3 nv"iQ^
vide the seed, that we may live and not die, and ynxn "irim nynn nribv p'TrT"'3
that the land may not become a waste." in'K "fnyn Dyn-nApi :ny'iD^
20S0 Joseph gained possession of all the farm
:^nyi7nvi nnvp'^^^n^ nyi7jp nny^
land of Egypt for Pharaoh, every Egyptian hav-
pn "'3 njj? Kb "'Jrtan nrîK pi 22
ing sold his field because the famine was too
bj?n-nK i^pKi ny-jQ nx)? ''jna^
much for them; thus the land passed over to
Pharaoh. 21 And he removed the population
npjp K^ ]^-bv ny"|5 hvtb ]nj nu/K
town by town,^ from one end of Egypt's border
to the other. 220nly the land of the priests he n^riK 'rr'ip^jri nV'7"'7K ^^qv -DDkî 23
did not take over, for the priests had an allot-

ment from Pharaoh, and they lived off the al-
lotment which Pharaoh had made to them;

therefore they did not sell their land.
23Then Joseph said to the people, "Whereas

I have this day acquired you and your land for
b Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
103
TORAH GENESIS 47.23 va-yiggash v;v^ m n"'U7K~i:i n-nn
Pharaoh, here is seed for you to sow the land.
^•*And when har\'est comes, you shall give ny-iD"? JT'u/^nn nrinji nxinnn
one-fifth to Pharaoh, and four-fifths shall be
niWn vîb 'u2b n'^p'^ ni^n vn-iKT
yours as seed for the fields and as food for you
and those in your households, and as nourish-
]n-Ky)p3 ^JJ?''nn T-inx'-v^ :dd3u'7
ment for your children." -?And they said, "You
have saved our lives! We are grateful to my lord,
and we shall be serfs to Pharaoh." -Ând Joseph n-tn l^'n-iv Vnb ^tv nn'K Du^^ve
made it into a land law in Egypt, which is still pi \ut2nb nyiQb nn^^ rDpiN-"?:;
valid, that a fifth should be Pharaoh's; only the
land of the priests did not become Pharaoh's.
-~Thus Israel settled in the country of Egypt,
]m ynKB nnyp yiKn '7k-)U/"' nu;".! 27
in the region of Goshen; they acquired holdings
:1'K)3 inn^T 1"IQ''T HD ITHK^T
in it, and were fertile and increased greatly.
VA-YEHI
-^lacob lived seventeen years in the land of
Egypt, so that the span of Jacob's Hfe came to
one hundred and forty-seven years. -Ând when

the time approached for Israel to die, he sum-
moned his son Joseph and said to him, "Do me
this favor, place your hand under my thigh as
a pledge of your steadfast loyalty: please do not

bur\' me in Eg\'pt. -ôwhen my
I lie down with
fathers, take me up from Egypt and bury me in 'jrinnpi 'iy^>3 "'jnKWJi ""nnN
their burial-place." He replied, "I will do as you
have spoken." 3'And he said, "Swear to me."

And he swore to him. Then Israel bowed at the
Q iHUKjn \ui<'^-b:J '7N"iw->
head of the bed.
48 Some time afterward, Joseph was told,
"Your father is ill." So he took with him his two nj?""! nb'n '^'nK mn r|pi"'^ inx''"!
sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. -When Jacob was

told, "Your son Joseph has come to see you,"
Israel summoned his strength and sat up in bed.

3And Jacob said to Joseph, "El Shaddai ap-
:nu)3n-'7i;
peared to me at Luz in the land of Canaan, and
He blessed me, ând said to me, 'I will make you

fertile and numerous, making of you a com- :''nK Ti-in""! jyp y"iK3 n'^n '<bs
munity of peoples; and I will assign this land
104
— " —
TORAH GENESIS 48.16 va-yehi 'n>^ nw nÛ/KIl min
to your offspring to come for an everlasting pos- ynKH-riK 'nnii u^)p:j bnpb ^'rinji
session.' 5Now, your two sons, who were born :n^lv riTiiK "^nnK -^vyb riKTri
to you in the land of Egypt before I came to you
in Egypt, shall be mine; Ephraim and Manasseh
shall be mine no less than Reuben and Simeon.
6But progeny born to you after them shall be
: ''b'vw jivjpu;"] iniK"i3 n^^m bnDK
yours; they shall be recorded instead" of their
brothers in their inheritance. ^J [do this be- :ariVnj:n "i^^li?^ Qn''nK d\^ by vrr'
cause], when I was returning from Paddan, ynx:? ^76-1 ^bv^nnri j-iQp 'K'ns 1
^m^ 7
Rachel died, to my sorrow, while I was jour- K'n^ y-iK-mna niy-i iin-in jyb
neying in the land of Canaan, when some
still
Kin nnsK -^"iin h\^ n^.^pKl ^K^'}^^
distance short of Ephrath; and I buried her there
on the road to Ephrath" —now Bethlehem.
^Noticing Joseph's sons, Israel asked, "Who
are these?" Ând Joseph said to his father, "They nn ""jn T'nK-'7K 'r|pv nTpKîy -.nbK
are my sons, whom God has given me here." -nnj? -iTpK'î nrn n^rib^ ^b-]nr^\pi<.
"Bring them up to me," he said, "that I may bless
them." lONow Israel's eyes were dim with age; vbK bn'K w) nlK"!^ bpv i<b jp-m
he could not see. So [Joseph] brought them ^'7Knu;i "iQK^T 11 : nn^ p^n-') urjb p\i7î
close to him, and he kissed them and embraced
nim 'n^^^Q i<b -^-î^ nxi cipi"'-'7K
them. 1 'And Israel said to Joseph, "I never ex-
:'î;-!rnK n^ n"'nf'7K ""nK riKirj
pected to see you again, and here God has let
me see your children as well."

^nrwu"} V3-15 nv)^ djik ^pv kyI"! 12
i2Joseph then removed them from his knees,

brfJip-riK ^c^pv nj^^Tis :ny"iK i\qk^
and bowed low with his face to the ground. '7K"ltf7'' bK)2\LJri ^lJ"'?pi^ DnQK-riK
i3Joseph took the two of them, Ephraim with \up_) b^yp-^ ]'>)2m l^K)3u;n niFJjp-nKT
his right hand — to Israel's left —and Manasseh n\u^^ l^jp^-riK bk'^p^°nb\^'>îi '.vbi<,
with his left hand — to Israel's —and
right
-riK-i "I'ly^n Kini bnsK vJKybv
brought them close to him. i4But Israel
VT-riK 'b:2p r[my2 vJKybi; l^Kbt^
stretched out his right hand and laid it on
Ephraim's head, though he was the younger,
c]pi^-nK "qinîis niDsn nii^jjp ^3
and his left hand on Manasseh's head — thus

crossing his hands —although Manasseh was vi^b -"nnK iD^nj;in nu/K n"'rT'7Kri
the first-born. isAnd he blessed Joseph, saying, pnyT) Drr-jnK

"The God in whose ways my fathers Abraham ni^n-iv n'i^'? ""^^ ^}!'^'? bv^^Kn
and Isaac walked.
:n;TrT
The God who has been my shepherd from my
yn-'73)3 ^nx '7K:in "'^K'pjsn 16
birth to this day
i6The Angel who has redeemed me from all
harm
Bless the lads.
a Lit. "under the name.
105
TORAH GENESIS 48.16 va-yehi ^n•>^ nn JT'U/Ki:! n-nn
In them may my name be recalled,

And the names of my fathers Abraham and
Isaac,
And may they be teeming multitudes upon

the earth."
'"When Joseph saw that his father was placing

his right hand on Ephraim's head, he thought
it wrong; so he took hold of his father's hand
to move it from Ephraim's head to Manasseh's.
i8"Not so, Father," Joseph said to his father, "for
the other is the first-born; place your right hand

on his head." '^But his father objected, saying,
ly-in ^^^3)2 b'lP vrk dîxt 'îr
]'ui?n
"I know, my son, I know. He too shall become
a people, and he too shall be great. Yet his
^?pu;T inx'? bK'^\u'' "iin^ -în ninK'?
younger brother shall be greater than he, and
his offspring shall be plentiful enough for na-
-riK Diy'^T n\i7Jp3T Dn.QKD ^n'7K
tions." 20S0 he blessed them that day, saying,
"By you shall Israel invoke blessings, saying: nn 'D'JK mn rjpv-'^K '^k-ju/"' n)3K'''i2i
God make you like Ephraim and Manasseh." -'7K n^riK 2ipT]'] DDjpv QTi'?^ n"irn
Thus he put Ephraim before Manasseh. n?\^ •'nnj "'Ski 22 :a3"'nnK yiK
j1^
-'Then Israel said to Joseph, "I am about to
nj3Kn i".)? ^'nnpV "iU7]< T]''nK-'7V irk
die; but God will be with you and bring you back
to the land of your fathers. 22And now, I assign
to you one portion'' more than to your brothers,

which I wrested from the Amorites with my
sword and bow."
49 And
"Come
Jacob called his sons and said,
together that I may tell you what is to
un
befall you in days to come. :n"'p^rT nnnK3 o^riN
Âssemble and hearken, O sons of Jacob;
Hearken to Israel your father:
^Reuben, you are my first-born.
My might and first fruit of my vigor.

nnK -"iDn imKi 3
Exceeding in rank
And exceeding in honor.
'Unstable as water, you shall excel no longer;
For when you mounted your father's bed,
You brought disgrace — my couch he

mounted!
D inb'v lyiy n'7'7n tn
/' Mciining of Heb. shckhcm unccriain; olhcrt "mounluin ilopc.

«
TORAH GENESIS 49.14 va-yehi n-'i un TT'U/Knn nmn
sSimeon and Levi are a pair;
Their weapons are tools of lawlessness. tDrfnnDTp onn '>h2

6Let not my person be included in their
council,
nn:? ^^rl-'7K n^nps
Let not my being be counted in their assem-
bly.
For when angry they slay men,

And when pleased they maim oxen.
^Cursed be their anger so fierce.
And their wrath so relentless.
I wUl divide them in Jacob,
Scatter them in Israel.
^•'iiK ^nv nnx niin"'

8You, O Judah, your brothers shall praise;
Your hand shall be on the nape of your foes;
Your father's sons shall bow low to you.
9Judah is a lion's whelp;
On prey, my son, have you grown.

He crouches, lies down like a lion.
Like "-the king of beasts-" —who dare rouse

him?
lOJhe scepter shall not depart from Judah,
Nor the ruler's staff from between his feet;
So that tribute shall come to him''

l'7-'u; n'?-'^; K3^-'3 iv
And the homage of peoples be his.
11 He tethers his ass to a vine,

in^V n-i^y )mb npKii
His ass's foal to a choice vine;
He washes his garment in wine,
His robe in blood of grapes.

i2i^-His eyes are darker than wine;
:irnD nmo D''n3y-ni3^
His teeth are whiter than milk.-^ ]'!l'n u^pv '^^'?3n 1^
£3 :3^n)3 D^Ê^-in^T
i^Zebulun shall dwell by the seashore;
He shall be a haven for ships. pu/i n^)3'] ^^nb ]^^nT 13
And his flank shall rest on Sidon.

rihii cîn"? K^m
D -.iy^-bv in3-!î
I'ilssachar is a strong-boned ass.
Crouching among the sheepfolds.

Di^ inn ~i3U7tF"' 14
a-a Heb. labi, another word for "lion."

:Din3U7?3rT ]"'3 y3'l
b Shiloh, understood as shai loh "tribute to him," following
Midrash; cf. ha. 18.7. Meaning of Heb. uncertain; lit. "Until he
comes to Shiloh."
c-c Or "His eyes are dark from wine.
107 And his teeth are white from milk."

..)KAH GENESIS 49.15 va-yehi •<w^ UJ3 IT'U/KI^ n-nn
'-''VVhen he saw how good was security,
And how pleasant was the country.

He bent his shoulder to the burden, b'±vb m^p u"!
And became a toiling serf.
"f'Dan shall govern his people.
As one of the tribes of Israel.

:'7K-iU7-' •'unu; inK3
•'"Dan shall be a serpent by the road,
A viper by the path.
That bites the horse's heels
So that his rider is thrown backward.

mnK ln3'-i '^'S"")
i**I wait for Your deliverance, O Lord!
'^Gad shall be raided by raiders,

But he shall raid at their heels.
D :3i7.V IP Kim
-iÂsher's bread shall be rich.
And he shall yield royal dainties.

M2nb njnu; "iwk)? 20
D :'q^p-'ni7)? ]r\'! Kim

-'Naphtali is a hind let loose,
Which yields lovely fawns.
D :-iQu;-npK ipjin
--''-Joseph is a wild ass,
A wild ass by a spring

—Wild colts on a hillside.''
-Ârchers bitterly assailed him; :-]W-'>b:j, nnyy niJ3

They shot at him and harried him.
2*»Yet his bow stayed taut, in-)"! inniip""! 23
And his arms'' were made firm

By the hands of the Mighty One of Jacob- '\h\up_ irriK^ 3u;ni :>
There, the Shepherd, the Rock of Israel

vji •ynT ITSÎ
-""The God of your father who helps you.
IpV? Ti^K ""T^
And Shaddai who blesses you
ib'Kiu;'' ]nK nyi uwtz
With blessings of heaven above.
Blessings of the deep that couches below,
Blessings of the breast and womb. ^Din^T '>i\u riKi
b];)2 u^riw n3-i3

dtt Othen "loieph is a fruitful bough,
A fruitful bough by a spring,
"
nnn n;<ni mnn nDin
Its branches run ovtr a wall.
e Hcb. "the arms of his hands. :Dn"n u^^\u nsin
108
TORAH GENESIS 50.4 va-yehi •'n-'T J rrÛ/Kin n-nn
26 /The blessings of your father ^'IK nb-1^126

Surpass the blessings of my ancestors, nin n3nn-'7V nn^
To the utmost bounds of the eternal hills.-/
May they rest on the head of Joseph,

On the brow of the elect of his brothers.
3 :T'nK -i^n ipii?^^
27Benjamin is a ravenous wolf;
In the morning he consumes the foe,^

iqnUT IKT pp^Jn 27
And in the evening he divides the spoil."
:bb\ij ph>n^ ^")i^^1

28A11 these were the tribes of Israel, twelve in
number, and this is what their father said to
nu/y D-iJii; î<.'W^ "'unu; nVK-'73 28
them as he bade them farewell, addressing to
each a parting word appropriate to him.
29Then he instructed them, saying to them,
"Iam about to be gathered to my kin. Bury me C]DKJ '^JK bri'7K ~l)3K^1 nnlK 1^^129
with my fathers in the cave which is in the field

of Ephron the Hittite, ôthe cave which is in the :"'rinri jinDi; nit^n nu/K nnyjan
field of Machpelah, facing Mamre, in the land
of Canaan, the field that Abraham bought from nip nu7K ]i7J3 ynK3 Kn)3)3-'j$-'7V
Ephron the Hittite for a burial site — -''ithere
"nnn ppy riKn nitz^n-riK nrnnK
Abraham and his wife Sarah were buried; there
and
nnnKTiK nni? nypxij 31 nii^-n-rnK^
Isaac his wife Rebekah were buried; and
there I buried Leah — 32the field and the cave
pny^-jiK nni? nr3\u inu/K nnu; nKi
in it, bought from the Hittites." 33When Jacob -riK ""riini? n)3\z;i inu;K r[\?2'^ riKT
finished his instructions to his sons, he drew his i^nu/K niy?3rii nnwri mpp 32 : hk"?
feet into the bed and, breathing his last, he was -riK niy^ npy;" '73^133 :nn-'j:3 nxn
gathered to his people.
50 Joseph flung himself upon his father's ;inj'.i vnx ^)B-bv tqpl"' b'^'>] J
face and wept over him and kissed him. 2Then Viny-riK ^x?v ^^k'>^2 :'\bym vbv
Joseph ordered the physicians in his service to
embalm his father, and the physicians em-
H'7-iK^)p='i 3 : '7K-lU7^-nK o'lKDnn
balmed Israel. 3It required forty days, for such
is the full period of embalming. The Egyptians
bewailed him seventy days; ând when the wail-
ing period was over, Joseph spoke to Pharaoh's
court, saying, "Do me this favor, and lay this -n:ai DD^ryin'in "riKyip ^rnis "•'p^'?
/-/ Meaning of Heb. uncertain.

g Meaning of Heb. uncertain; others "booty."
109
TORAH GENESIS 50.4 va-yehi •>n•'^ J JT'U/Kin n-nn
appeal before Pharaoh: ^'My father made me 'jy"'nu;n "ifiK ? : i^K"? nviD ""Jik^ kj
swear, saying, "I am about to die. Be sure to bury
me in the grave which I made ready for myself
nnv*! '"^
""^l^pJ^ n)3\f; iv^3 Yl^^
in the land of Canaan." Now, therefore, let me
;nni\i7Ki ""nKTiN nnnpKT Krn'?:;^
go up and bury my father; then I shall return.'"
^"nK-riK inpT n'^y nV-i3 -inK'î'^
Ând Pharaoh said, "Go up and bury your fa-
ther, as he made you promise on oath."
''So Joseph went up to bury his father; and

with him went up all the officials of Pharaoh,
the senior members of his court, and all of n^n^ priKT ^vv n^n Vdi *<
: nnYn-y-iK
Egv^pt's dignitaries, ^together with all of Joseph's
household, his brothers, and his father's house-
"nî Dûz-jEj-DA :i3n-n^ Day '^v".'!
'^
:
1^'^
hold; only their children, their flocks, and their
:TKn 153 njn?3n
herds were left in the region of Goshen. '^'Char-
iots, too, and horsemen went up with him; it

pniirT nnynhu/K '^vi<sri nriv iKiî 10
was a very large troop.

\uvl^ 1^)2 inpT bM^ iQpn u;-n5p='"]
lowhen they came to Goren" ha-Atad, which '•2\ijv KniiTii iwizi nynu; "7^^ v^k"?
is beyond the Jordan, they held there a very great
and solemn lamentation; and he observed a
mourning period of seven days

"And when the Canaanite inhabitants of the
for his father.
nny3 ~iu;k nnvP ^^^^ ^W ^li?
land saw the mourning at Goren ha-Atad, they

nnp^l ]yj3 ny"iK vjn in'K ixu/n i<
said, "This is a solemn mourning on the part

of the Egyptians." That is why it was named
Abel-mizraim,'' which is beyond the Jordan. nK)3 inp-n-TriK^ niti^n-riK nn-inK
i2Thus his sons did for him as he had instructed t\x)v 3u;î !•'
:K"iD)p "'ja"'7y ^nnn pay
them. '^His sons carried him to the land of Ca- lnN D"''7'i;n-'7Di i^hnt kih nnnyn
naan, and buried him in the cave of the field
of Machpelah, the field near Mamre, which

Abraham had bought for a burial site from
nn^nK nn-'D n^"''"'P^ ''^"!''"! '-^
Ephron the Hittite. ''After burying his father,

Joseph returned to Egypt, he and his brothers
and all who had gone up with him to bury his i^VI 1^ : in'K ^2bm -i\^k nvnn-'â nK
father. inin 'JQ^ niy T'nK inK*? cip^-Vk
Kp i<,2i<. ^tvb nnK'n-n'Di" linK^?
i^Whcn Joseph's brothers saw that their fa-
ther was dead, they said, "What if Joseph still
bears a grudge against us and pays us back for
all the wrong that we did him!" '^So they sent

this message to Joseph, "Before his death your
a ( >r "the thrcihitij; lioor i>i.
h Interpreted at "the mourning of the Egyptians.'

TORAH GENESIS 50.26 va-yehi •>n•'^ 1 IT'U/Kin nmn
father left this instruction: i^So shall you say

to Joseph, 'Forgive, I urge you, the offense "T'nK 'r1'7K nnv vp^b kj ku; nnv)
and guilt of your brothers who treated you so
harshly.' Therefore, please forgive the offense
n?3k='i v;i^b i'^q^'t TifiK-na ^^b'',)^^
of the servants of the God of your father." And
Joseph was in tears as they spoke to him.
^yv nnbii "idkî i^ : nnny^ ^^ mn
i^His brothers went to him themselves, flung
:''JK wribK nnnn ->p M<^yr\-bi<.
themselves before him, and said, "We are pre- b''rt'7K nyn >bv nnnu/n nriK'i2o
pared to be your slaves." i9But Joseph said to njn ni^3 ntf/y ]vi2b nnu"? niu/n
them, "Have no fear! Am I a substitute for God? iKn''ri-'7K nriyvi :nn-DV Ti^nrib
20Besides, although you intended me harm,
God intended it for good, so as to bring about
rD^yb^y -13T1 DniK
the present result — the survival of many people.
2iAnd so, fear not. I will sustain you and your
children." Thus he reassured them, speaking
vnK n^'^2'^ Kin nnyp^ qpl"" niy='i22
kindly to them. Kn='.123 :U^^\LJ liUV) r[KT2 ^vv mi]
22So Joseph and his father's household re- "i^KÎ 24 : c^pi'' '313-^v n\£7j>p-i3
^'fp•>
mained in Egypt. Joseph lived one hundred and
ten years. 23joseph lived to see children of the
ynKri-])3 b^nx rjbv'n) n5nK ipji^
third generation of Ephraim; the children of
Machir son of Manasseh were likewise born

"n-riK r^pv v:ipi'\'-^ -^[^V.lb) pnî^b
upon Joseph's knees. 24At length, Joseph said to
his brothers, "I am about to die. God will surely DDHK uiribK ipî npQ 'i'giib b^-wi
take notice of you and bring you up from this :nTn ™yy-nK nn^ym
land to the land that He promised on oath to iujn:'i D"'JU7 '^^JV^ nxn-jn qpl'' nwî 26
Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob." 25So Joseph *:Dnyjp3 ]1-|K3 DU;"'".! iriK
made the sons of Israel swear, saying, "When
God has taken notice of you, you shall carry up
my bones from here."
26Joseph died at the age of one hundred and
ten years; and he was embalmed and placed in
a coffin in Egypt.
d'7117 Kmn b^b nb-'Tin ub\u:^ on
onyuv^ mnnn ^sb •'nm 'd v. 23.
vym 1,534 -iDDH bvj D^piDDn m3D 'Nnjnn'7 V. 26.
Ill
mat
EXODUS
1SHEMOT
These are the names of the sons of Israel who
came to Egypt with Jacob, each coming with his :iKn irfni u/^k npy;; nx nnnyjp
K
household: 2Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah;
3Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin; ^Dan and
Naphtali, Gad and Asher. sThe total number of
persons that were of Jacob's issue came to
seventy, Joseph being already in Egypt. ^Joseph
died, and all his brothers, and all that
generation. ^But the Israelites were fertile and
prolific; they multiplied and increased very Q :DnK ynxn ^b'Bn] ixn
greatly, so that the land was filled with them.
8A new king arose over Egypt who did not
ny nhri i'py-b'K ^-\72k'>^ 9 : qpv-nx vt
know Joseph. Ând he said to his people, "Look,
the Israehte people are much too numerous for
us. lOLet us deal shrewdly with them, so that they

nJK'i.i?ri"'3 n^m nin^-js 1^ nnannj
may not increase; otherwise in the event of war ij''KJt:;-'7V xin-nA qpUT nnn'7)3
they may join our enemies in fighting against in-'u/îii :y"iKn-]?p nbv^ m-Dn'7Ji
us and "rise from the ground."" ^So they set Dri'7npn ln3v ]:jpb D^Dip nti/ vbv
taskmasters over them to oppress them with DhQ-nx riij^^b hiJ3pn n.y jn^T
forced labor; and they built garrison cities^ for
Pharaoh: Pithom and Rameses. i2But the more
•'n ""jQjp ^:i^1^ yns"' ]3i nnn;'
they were oppressed, the more they increased
: bK-)\lJ'>
and spread out, so that the [Egyptians] came
to dread the Israehtes.
:'^nE)n bK")^^ 'J^-HK DnYp nny^T 13
i3The Egyptians ruthlessly imposed upon the

Israelites i^c-the various labors that they made
them perform. Ruthlessly'^ they made life bitter :"q-iQn Dnn nny—iu;k nn"]ni7-'73
for them with harsh labor at mortar and bricks nnnyn m^:i)p^ any? "^^p "iJpKî 15
and with all sorts of tasks in the field.

nijwn nu7T nnou; nnxn nu; nu/K
1
5The king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew mid-
wives, one of whom was named Shiphrah and
a-a Meaning perhaps from their wretched condition, cf. Hos. 2.2;
or "gain ascendancy over the country. " Others "get them up
out of the land."
"
h Others "store cities.
c-c Brought up from the end of the verse for clarity.
113
TORAH EXODUS 1.15 SHEMOT n^•o^^ k mDU/ min
the other Puah, '^saying, "When you deHver the

Hebrew women, look at the birthstooh'' if it is
innni Kin i;n-aK n^nKn-'^v iri^K-n
a boy, kill him; if it is a girl, let her live." I'The
midwives, fearing God, did not do as the king

nujK? Mbv k"?! n"'n'7Kn-nK m'p^jprT
of Egypt had told them; they let the boys live.
-riK p^j.nrT! nn^vp "^^9 ]i}''^^ "i.?"!
' f^So the king of Egypt summoned the midwives
"Why have you done this riib'^'nh bnyp-q^p Kip"'] i« :n"'-|^"'n
and said to them,
thing, letting the boys live?" '^The midwives

said to Pharaoh, "Because the Hebrew women p)3Kn"ii'> :D-'"i'7"'rT-nK î^nni nTn
are not like the Egyptian women: they are vig-
orous. Before the midwife can come to them, D"iuî n^ri nvn-'B nnnyn nn^)3n
they have given birth." 20And God dealt well
ny^Tô ^.Mb'>^ nib'>_'nr[ ]nbi^ xlnn
with the midwives; and the people multiplied
and increased greatly. 2iAnd because the mid-
wives feared God, He established households''
for them. --Then Pharaoh charged all his peo-
ple, saying, "Every boy that is born you shall n"iK;'n "ri'^^n ]3n-'73 inK"? m)j-b:ib
throw into the Nile, but let every girl live."
2A certain man of the house of Levi went -n^-riK nip.^T ^)b n^n?? \u^k •qb'^'i ^
and married a Levite woman. -The woman con- iriK K-ini ]n '^br^^ hu/kh '^rl^\^ : : "'i'?
ceived and bore a son; and when she saw how -.wny ri\Ljbp injQYn} Kin niu-iD
beautiful he was, she hid him for three months.
nnri i'7-ni7ri'i Ij^dypt -riy n'7D^-k'7T ^
nVhen she could hide him no longer, she got
him and caulked with bi-

nil nu/ni nani "ijpnn n-i?3nrT) Km
a wicker basket for it
nKîn rip\u-bv fqiD? atf/rn. I'p^n-riK

tumen and pitch. She put the child into it and
placed it among the reeds by the bank of the nu/y-nu
^^'
nvib p'n-i)3 innK nynni •>
Nile. *»And his sister stationed herself at a dis- -Ab
tance, to learn what would befall him. iK:'n-'7y yn-!"? ny-iQ-nn "inni?
5The daughter of Pharaoh came down to Kini iK^n lybv h2br[ rr'n-ii/Ji
bathe in the Nile, while her maidens walked
-riK nb\ur\) riion "qlnn nnnn-riK
along the Nile. She spied the basket among the
-jiK inKini nnQni'^ ^C^Di?^^"! ^^"Q^
reeds and sent her slave girl to fetch it. ^When
vbv Vwnni hd^ -ivrn^m I'p^n
she opened it, she saw that it was a child, a boy
crying. She took pity on it and said, "This must
he a Hebrew child." ''Then his sister said to Phar- "^b ""nK-ji?! q'^KH ni;"i3-n5-'7K innK
aoh's daughter, "Shall I go and get you a Hebrew
nurse to suckle the child for you?" '*And '>2b ny-i3Ti3 n'7-inKnv^ :i'7''n-nK
J More exiictly, tlicbruk or slonc mpporti uitii by Egyptian women

during childbirth.
e Meuninn of hleb. hatim tincertuin.
w
"
TORAH EXODUS 2.21 SHEMOT mjQU; n ^\^'^2\U n-nn
Pharaoh's daughter answered, "Yes." So the girl :i^':n tiK-nK xnpnT rîbbvri ^"q^rn.
went and called the child's mother. 9And Phar- -jiK ^3^'7Ti ny-i?-n3 nb ^ni<n)9
aoh's daughter said to her, "Take this child and
-nK ]inK •'JKi -lb ini7J"'ni niri ibîn
nurse it for me, and I will pay your wages." So
the woman took the child and nursed it. lOWhen
-'n-'T nyis-nny^nKnrri I'pjn b^_p^ 10
the child grew up, she brought him to Pharaoh's
daughter, who made him her son. She named

him Moses," explaining, 'T drew him out of the
water."
KY^'i nu7'?3 '7^pi Dnn ^?p;'? \ tt^th

iiSome time after that, when Moses had
grown up, he went out to his kinsfolk and wit-
nessed their labors. He saw an Eg\'ptian beating

nY?3n-nK -i"!
u;^k ]^k 's Kn^.i
a Hebrew, one of his kinsmen. i-He turned this
way and that and, seeing no one about, he struck

mm ^mn Dl^n ky"! 13 :înii imnu^T
do\vn the Egv'ptian and hid him in the sand.

i-HVhen he went out the next day, he found two \LJî<.b ^73\i7 ""n nnxWH :^yn nan 7113)?
Hebrews fighting; so he said to the offender, nn'K nnx "^j^-in'7n ^rbv v^\u'] nU;
"Why do vou strike your fellow?" i-*He retorted, nvJ'y2 Ki^^'i nynn-nK nnn iu/k?
"Who made you chief and ruler over us? Do you
mean to kill me as you killed the Eg)'ptian?" Mo-
nu7U-nK i'^r\b \z;|7nî n-in in^n-nx
ses was frightened, and thought: Then the mat-
-yiK3 2^j''^ nv"!? ^jsn nu/b ninî
ter is knownl ^-''When Pharaoh learned of the
matter, he sought to kill Moses; but Moses tied
from Pharaoh. He arrived^' in the land of Mid-

ian, and sat down beside a well. mKini nm ynu; pin in37Ti6
Dûnnn-nx njx'p?pm. m'p-rnT
16K0W the priest of Midian had seven daugh- D-'ynn ^xnî i' : ir^nx ]ky n^px^rib
They came draw water, and
ters. to filled the
nK p\ij''^ ]Wv) h\i7b up^'>^ mu;"ipi
troughs to water their father's flock; I'but shep-
[mnK '7Kiym'7K mKnniis iDJky
herds came and drove them off. Moses rose to
their defense, and he watered their flock.

inl^n K3 irnnn ynn ^t^^^'Î
iswhen they returned to their father Reuel, he mn ij'7^Yn nyn \u^k j-i)3Km. 19
said, "How is it that you have come back so soon -nx ppi) ^}b nbi rib^m') n"'y-in
today?" i^They answered, "An Eg^-ptian rescued n-T nipb VK^ T'mn-'^x ~^^^'''\ -"
l^V"^ :
us from the shepherds; he even drew water for :Dn^ b'jK'''] 1^7 ]Kni7 \u''kr\-ni<, ]n:i]V
us and watered the flock." -'-'He said to his
in"! ii/'Jisn-nK nnu;^ nu/b bi<.v^^-i
daughters, "Where is he then? Why did you
leave the man? Ask him in to break bread."
21 Moses consented to stay with the man, and
a Heb.Mosheh from Egyptian for "bom of; here associated with

mashah "draw out.
"
b Lit. "sat" or "settled.
115
TORAH EXODUS 2.21 SHEMOT mnu; n ^\^t2\U min
he gave Moses his daughter Zipporah as wife.

--She bore a son whom he named Gershom,' in^n nil -i??k ""B nwnj in\:;TiK K^p"")
for he said, "I have been a stranger in a foreign
land."
-^b-D nr2)^ ann D-iiiiri a-'pp "'rci 23

--Â long time after that, the king of Egypt
died. The Israelites were groaning under the
bondage and cried out; and their cry for help -]i2 D"'n'7Kn-'?K unvw bvn) ^pvp^
from the bondage rose up to God. -4God heard ni^KrnK DTib'K yipu/îM rnpvn
their moaning, and God remembered His cov- arrinKTiK inn^-riK DTl'7i< iapi
enant with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob. 25God
looked upon the Israelites, and God took notice
of them.
w^ Now Moses, tending the flock of his fa-
ther-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian, drove "iil)3n inx ]KyrT-nK :inpi yin ]n3
the tlock into the wilderness, and came to Ho-
reb, the mountain of God. Ân angel of the Lord
men "qinn u/K-n^b'n vbK nin^ "qK"?)?
appeared to him in a blazing fire out of a bush.
i^rK mpni u/xn nyn njon mni k")î
He gazed, and there was a bush all aflame, yet
nK"!K"i KrnnpK n\i;b "idk''T3 :'73k
the bush was not consumed. -''Moses said, "I
must turn aside to look at this marvelous sight; "iVî^"^'^ iî^^ HTH b'l^ri HN-ian-riK
why doesn't the bush burn up?" ^When the K-ji?"! niK-1'7 "ID
""3 mn;" ki".! » : mDn
Lord saw that he had turned aside to look, God nu;'n "DpK""! njpn "qlnn n-'n'7K v^k
called to him out of the bush: "Moses! Moses!" nnpn-'^K "idk;'!? :"'33n "idk""! n\^')2
He answered, "Here I am." 5And He said, "Do

Dlp)3n •>2 Tji^n bvr? ^'^^bvybw ubr}
not come closer. Remove your sandals from
: Kin u;ip-nmK vbv nply nriK -lu/fc
your feet, for the place on which you stand is
God of your
DHl^K 'ri'7K "qînK 'rl'7K ^DJK "inK^T (>
holy ground. Î am," He said, "the
God of Abraham, the

father, the God of Isaac, nu/b "ino;'! npy^ tI'^kt pny^ ^ribi<i
and the God of Jacob." And Moses hid his face,
for he was afraid to look at God. "i^v ""JV-HK "n-'K-i HK") r[}r[i nnK"")
"And the Lord continued, "I have marked

well the plight of My people in Egypt and have :T'3K3)p-nK ^nVl^ ""S vuj^: ^J3n
heeded their outcry because of their taskmas-
^lri'7yn'7T anyn "cd 1 i'^^'YrT'? iiki «
ters; yes, I am mindful of their sufferings. Î have

nnnn ^2^v Y~\i<''bK K^^^^[ y-iNn-]^
come down to rescue them from the Egyptians
good
mpD-b'K u/nn n^^n naj n^"*^^
and to bring them out of that land to a
and spacious land, a land flowing with milk and înrn '•t-)$rTi nnKni TinriT ""'JVPn
honey, the region of the Canaanites, the Hit- '7j<~!u;-'-'J3 npv¥ nîn nnvi " :''P^:i"'rn
c Aiiocialed with gcr sham, "a stranger there.

"
TORAH EXODUS 3.18 SHEMOT mnu; j m)2U7 nmn
tites, the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, nu7K yn^n-riK ^rfk-j-Di-i "''7K hkb
and the Jebusites. ^Now the cry of the Israehtes rri^b nnvT lo : nn'K n^^rib nn.Yjp
has reached Me; moreover, I have seen how the -'jn ')3y-nK KYini nV-iQ-'7K ^nb'u/Ki
Egyptians oppress them. lOCome, therefore, I
:Dny)3?p bK-W"!
will send you to Pharaoh, and you shall free My
people, the Israelites, from Egypt."
I'But Moses said to God, "Who am I that I
should go to Pharaoh and free the Israelites
from Egypt?" i2And He said, "I will be with you;

that shall be your sign that it was I who sent you. înnyri nny)3)p byn-riK -^K^Yinn
And when you have freed the people from :n;TrT inn "7:7 D-'rt'^Kn-nK
Egypt, you shall worship God at this mountain."
'pJK mn u^fibKn-bK nu^b inK^'iis
i-^Moses said to God, "When I come to the
^ribK nn^ "'JÎTpkt "'^^"it;^'' "'J?"'?^ "kn
Israelites and say to them, 'The God of your fa-
thers has sent me to you,' and they ask me,

'What is His name?' what shall I say to them?"
b"'r1'7K "inkn. 14 : nri'7K ijpk np in^z;
i4And God said to Moses, "Ehyeh-Asher- n3 npKî n^riK nu/K n^nK nu;b-'7K
Ehyeh."" He continued, "Thus shall you say to "jnû; ninK bk')\i;'> ^nb huK'n
the Israelites, 'Ehyeh'' sent me to you.'" iSAnd nu/b-'^K n^ribK niy "-ipkî 15 : dd^'pk
God said further to Moses, "Thus shall you ''rf'7K nin^ "bi<.'ip^ ^.^^""^^ n^K'n-ns
speak to the Israelites: The Lord,"^ the God of
pnv ''rT'7K DnnnK ^rT'7K ^"'n'nK
your God of Abraham, the
fathers, the of God
Dr)"''7K ""Jnû; n'i^y^ ""ribK}
Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you:
ub'ijb ""nw-nT
This shall be My name forever,
This My appellation for all eternity. :i'i "iib npT nn
i6"Go and assemble the elders of Israel and ni)?KT bk'lp'' 'Ji?T-riK riDpKT "qjîe
say to them: the Lord, the God of your fathers, ^K nK"iJ bD^niK ^ribK r\)T:'> brT'7K
the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, has ap- npa ibx'? npy:"! pny nnnnK >Tibi<,
peared to me and said, 'I have taken note of you

and of what is being done to you in Egypt, i-'and
"jy)? ~D3riK ribvK mqk)^^ :D"'"i2f)p:n
I have declared: I will take you out of the misery
of Egypt to the land of the Canaanites, the Hit-
n)3Km 'nnrTi^"'Ji7j3rT y-ijs:-'7Kbnyp
tites, the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Hivites,
and the Jebusites, to a land flowing with milk ^nnK JiKni ^'^p'p ivp\fî i« :^;?~[t ^'^n
and honey.' '^They will listen to you; then you nriiJpK"! Dî^P l'?P"'^^ bkiiu'^ ""ipn
shall go with the elders of Israel to the king of ^rbv nnpj b-'nni/ri •'r1'7K r[)ni vbK
Egypt and you shall say to him, 'The Lord, the
b^)p^ riU7''7U7 "qnT KrnD^j njiyi
God of the Hebrews, manifested Himself to us.
a Meaning ofHeb. uncertain; variously translated: "I Am That I

Am"; "I Am Who I Am"; "I Will Be What I Will Be"; etc.
"
b Others "I Am" or "I Will Be.
c The name YHWH (traditionally read Adonai "the Lord" ) is
here associated with the root hayah "to be.
117
TORAH EXODUS 3.18 SHEMOT mnu; J T^^'DW mm
Now therefore, let us go a distance of three days •'jKli'^ :iJ"'n'7K mn-'b nnnni nil)??
into the wilderness to sacrifice to the Lord our
God.' '"^Yet I know that the king of Egypt will
let you go only because of a greater might. 20S0

I will stretch out My hand and smite Egypt with
various wonders which I will work upon them;
you go. 2 'And dispose
nTn-Dyn ip-riK ""nnjpi :n3riK
after that he shall let I will
the Egyptians favorably toward this people, so
that when you go, you will not go away empty-

handed. 22Each woman shall borrow from her nb'l2\u^ nnr ^b'2^ ^02-ib3 nrr'in
neighbor and the lodger in her house objects

of silver and gold, and clothing, and you shall
put these on your sons and daughters, thus
stripping the Egyptians."
^t But Moses spoke up and said, "What if they
do not believe me and do not listen to me, but HK-irk'p nTpK';" ""3 ""ypn lynw^ Kb) '>b
say: The Lord did not appear to you?" ^The

Lord said to him, "What is that in your hand?"
And he i-eplied, "A rod." ^He said, "Cast it on
the ground." He cast it on the ground and it
became a snake; and Moses recoiled from it.
*Then the Lord said to Moses, "Put out your

hand and grasp it by the tail" —he put out his lyp'ps :i35B nu??'7 'HTi in pm"."! it
hand and seized it, and it became a rod in his 'r1'7K mn'' '^'J7K nK-ir-is iJ^'pN^
hand — ?"that they may believe that the Lord, ''ribK'], pny '>r\bK nrnpK "^Tib^ nn'3K
the God of their fathers, the God of Abraham,
the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, did ap-
^^T KrKnn Tii; )b nin*' n)pK''i6
pear to you."
6The Lord said to him further, "Put your
hand into your bosom." He put his hand into
-bK ^Tim nu/n inK'î " : a^ws nvny^
his bosom; and when he took it out, his hand Ip-inn nKyi""] 'ip''n-'7K it 2\|j'>^ -]p'>n
was encrusted with snowy scales!" Ând He said, k'^-DK mm« :l"!tf;n3 nnifz-mm
"Put your hand back into your bosom." — He n'Kn yi?"?
^v-Dpi i<b'\ ']b irnK;"
put his hand back into his bosom; and when :]lnnKn riKn Vp"? irwKrn ]iu;N-)n
he took it out of his bosom, there it was again
nlnKH irnK;" k'7-nK n^m9
like the rest of his body. — ^"And if they do not
"îivjb'n^
nnp'pT ']bpb]'\vr2\L;'> i<b^ h^kh

"'P'')?^
believe you or pay heed to the first sign, they
will believe the second. ''And if they are not con-
fl Cf. Lev. 13.2-X
118
"
TORAH EXODUS 4.21 SHEMOT mnu; i nm\u n-nn
vinced by both these signs and still do not heed

you, take some water from the Nile and pour
it on the dry ground, and it —the water that you k'? "'>pK -"n nin"'-'7K nu;b "ink^î lo
take from the Nile — will turn to blood on the

dry ground."
^p '!\'i2V-bi<. "rpp.-! TKn DA u\ub]LJr2
lOBut Moses said to the Lord, "Please, O
Lord, I have never been a man of words, either
n}pK='iii :''3JK ]wb nnpT ns-in^
in times past or now that You have spoken to
Your servant; I am slow of speech and slow of "'DJK k^n niv Ik niPS Ik u/nn Ik d^k
tongue." iiAnd the Lord "Who
said to him, qiQ-nv n^HK ^pJKT "q"? nriyi 12 : nrri';
gives man speech? Who makes him dumb or \pii in nnk^'T 13 npin -i\z;k ^rinim
deaf, seeing or blind? Is it not I, the Lord? i-Now
nin^ ciK""in;'"i 14 inû/n-Tn Krnû;
go, and I will be with you as you speak and will
î^n '^•nK pHK i<br\ "inkî n\i;b3
instruct you what to say." i^But he said, "Please,
O Lord, make someone else Your agent."'' i^The Kin-mn dat kih nî^ ^^l""'? ""^vi?
Lord became angry with Moses, and He said,

•Apbp npu/T ^K-ji ^nK-jpb? KY'T
"There is your brother Aaron the Levite. He, I ^Qn Dnnin-riK ripu/T v^k nisi"! 15
know, speaks readily. Even now he is setting out "nnini V$"dv n";nK '5jki
in-'^-nv")
to meet you, and he will be happy to see you. Kiri"i3-|ii6 :]wvn -iu;k riK D3nK
i5You shall speak to him and put the words in
HD^ ^'^ni^n;' Kin n^m t]yn-'7K ^'7
his mouth — I will be with you and with him as
nu)3rT-nKT i^ : ^rl'^K'? l^-n;'nn nriKl
you speak, and tell both of you what to
do — iând he shall speak for you to the people.
-riK ln-nti7i7ri -i\i;K "^tii nj?n njn
Thus he shall serve as your spokesman, with you Q : nnKH

playing the role of God^ to him, i"and take with nnkî ijn'n in2"'7K 1 ^\^^^ n\u'r2 "îb^,)
is
you this rod, with which you shall perform the -"iu;k "'nK-'7K nniii/KT Ki npbK \b
signs." nnk^T a^^n Diiyrr hk-ikt nnynn
i^Moses went back to his father-in-law :ai'7u;'7 -^b r[)LJ')2b inrr'
Jether'^ and said to him, "Let me go back to my nu7 q'7 ihpn n\^'n-'7K nin^ î^^^^ ^^
kinsmen in Egypt and see how they are faring."''

Dû/pn^pn D"'\i7JKj7-'73 inu-'3 d^^^
And Jethro said to Moses, "Go in peace."
i9The Lord said to Moses in Midian, "Go

iriu/KTiK nm nip^vo :';]u;QrnK
back to Eg\^t, for all the men who sought to ny-iK n\f7'ji n>bnn-'7ybn3-i:'"! T'JrnK'i
kill you are dead." -OSo Moses took his wife and n''ri'7Kri nuTp-riK nu/b ni?^! nn^yp
sons, mounted them on an ass, and went back
to the land of Egypt; and Moses took the rod 2Wb \r\2b::i "n]u'n-bK 'n)n^ ^^pk"! 21
of God with him.

'n)3'i:7—iu;k bTi3')3n-'73 nk-i nun^w
2iAnd the Lord said to Moses, "When you
return to Egypt, see that you perform before
b Lit. "send through whomever You will send."

c Cf. 7.1.
d I.e., Jethro.
e Lit. "whether they are still alive.
119
TORAH EXODUS 4.21 SHEMOT ni?3«/ 1 mDU; n-nn
Pharaoh all the man'els that I have put within

your power. I, however, will stiffen his heart so
that he will not let the people go. 22Then you

shall say to Pharaoh, 'Thus says the Lord: Israel
My first-born
is son. -M have said to you, "Let
My son go, that he may worship Me," yet you

nn ""pJN mn '\r\b\LJb iKipni ""Jinv.lT
refuse to let him go. Now I will slay your

first-born son.'"
mn;" ihu/aq""! p'pKJ^ Tiip ^rT'124
-'*At a night encampment on the way, the ni nnsY ni?riv5 lirrinn wpn-""!
Lord encountered him and sought to kill him. vbrh van"! nn n'p-iv-riK n"iprii
--VSo Zipporah took a flint and cut off her son's
foreskin, and touched his legs with it, saying,
"You are truly a bridegroom of blood to me!"

26And when He let him alone, she added, "A
bridegroom of blood because of the circumci-
sion." "inn inu;A3''T '^b''^ r[iîi2r[ nui'n
pHK^ hu;b lan 28 : '\h-pw^) wribi^n

-"The Lord said to Aaron, "Go to meet Moses riKT '\nbp -iu;k mn"" nn^-'^B nx
in the wilderness." He went and met him at the
np-n "q^^.^y :imY iu/k nnKn-b'D
mountain of God, and he kissed him. -**Moses
:'7i<-ii:;i in 'jpT-'73-nK iDpiS".! nnxi
told Aaron about all the things that the Lord
had committed to him and all the signs about
which He had instructed him. 29Xhen Moses

ipvb nnKH ^V1^ n)u)2-bi<, mn^ iiii
and Aaron went and assembled all the elders of

the Israelites. ÔAaron repeated all the words D^jy-riK HN-) 1-2) bk'iwi ""n-riK r[)r[i
that the Lord had spoken to Moses, and he per-

formed the signs in the sight of the people, -^'and
the people were convinced. When they heard
that the Lord had taken note of the Israelites
and that He had seen their plight, they bowed

low in homage.
%J
to
Afterward Moses and Aaron went and said
Pharaoh, "Thus says the Lord, the God of
n
bi<,-i\L;i Tl'^K hp"' iJ3K-n'3 ny")9''7K
Israel: Let My people go that they may celebrate -inN''T 2 :"i3"|)3n lb ^^^^''^ ""jiiVTiK hb]u
a festival for Me in the wilderness." ^But Phar-
^b^jb '\b'p3. ynu/K -iu;k nin"" 172 nvi?
aoh said, "Who is the Lord that should heed I
DAT nin^-HK ^Tiyi'' i<b bsiiui-nK

Him and let Israel go? I do not know the Lord,
/ Meaning ofw. 25-26 uncertain.
120
TORAH EXODUS 5.15 SHEMOT mwu; n mnu; n-nn
nor will I let Israel go." ^They answered, "The

God of the Hebrews has manifested Himself to 'q-iT k| r[^bj ^j\^y Kipj onnvn
us. Let us go, we pray, a distance of three days
nrnib nnsni iii"t?3n umi nujbp
into the wilderness to sacrifice to the Lord our
:n-inn Ik nn'in 13V^Q"'-]Q ^rribK
God, lest He strike us with pestilence or sword."
iBut the king of Eg\^t said to them, "Moses and
Aaron, why do you distract the people from 13^ i\tz;i7?3n nyrrriK ^ynsn f"inKT
their tasks? Get to your labors!" SAnd Pharaoh D"'n-i-]n nyns nnK""!? :n3iri'7np^
continued, "-"The people of the land are already Dn"x annu/ni n^n uv nnv
so numerous, -'^ and you would have them cease
from their labors!"^ D"'MrT-nK K^nn uv^ nvis ^.6
^That same day Pharaoh charged the task-
*p3pKn i<b' :ibK'7 inu'iiz-riKi nv2.
masters and foremen of the people, sapng,
7"You shall no longer provide the people with
straw for making bricks as heretofore; let them
:]nri DH^ W]lj'p^ ^:2b} on u\ub]ij
go and gather straw for themselves. ^But impose D^wV nn i\ui<. n^nbri njbnn-nKT §
upon them the same quota of bricks as they have ly-i^n i<b ur^bv mîun uûbp bûn
been making heretofore; do not reduce it, for D''pi7Y an ]TbiJ an D^3ir''3 imtp
they are shirkers; that is why they cry, 'Let us inpn^ :ijin'7K^ nnnn n^^j i^x'?
go and sacrifice to our God!' ^Let heavier work
be laid upon the men; let them keep at it and
not pay attention to deceitful promises."
-b'K nnK"! vyjuj) nyn ""ti/îj ikyi't 10
lOSo the taskmasters and foremen of the peo-
ple went out and said to the people, "Thus says
]rij '^rK nyn3 idk ri3 "it^Kb uvri
Pharaoh: I wiU not give you any straw. nYou ]nn b3^ ^np ^^b nnKn :inn dd^
must go and get the straw yourselves wherever DDJiinyn yn;j ]m '3 iKy?pn ^wkt2
you can find it; but there shall be no decrease nyn ynK-'733 nvn y^^'y- :nnT
whatever in your work." -Then the people scat- i
a^YK D''marn 13 :]nri/' \up_ \uppb

tered throughout the land of Egypt to gather
i?3V3 vnn'i DD^t^yn i^? 1''?^^
stubble for straw, i Ând the taskmasters pressed
^n 'î\j]ij lij;"!!-! :inrin nvrrs "i^k3
them, saying, "You must complete the same
nyns \tz;;j uribv miu'^VJK bkiiu'',
work assignment each day as when you had
straw." iÂnd the foremen of the Israelites,
p'?^ n3pn nrT''73 'lib VTi)p iDK"?
whom Pharaoh's taskmasters had set over them, :ni''n-nA 'îDrrDJ rivjb\ij '7l73n3
were beaten. "Why," they were asked, "did you '7K Ipyy"! '^KHU/i 1J3 nu'U; 1K3^T 1?
not complete the prescribed amount of bricks, I'^'i'iny'? ri2 nt^yn nrpb iJpK'? ny"i3
either yesterday or today, as you did before?"
isThen the foremen of the Israelites came to
Pharaoh and cried: "Why do you deal thus with
(j-fl Samaritan "Even now they are more numerous than the people
of the land," i.e., than the native population (cf. Gen. 23.7).
b See 1.5-11.
121
TORAH EXODUS 5.15 SHEMOT mnu; n ^^'^2\U n-nn
your servants? '^No straw is issued to your ser- nnn'K u'^nb^ "^nnv^ irij ]->i<. ]nn '6
vants, yet they demand of us: Make bricks! Thus

your servants are being beaten, when the fault '"
]3-'7V D""?"!^ DJ^liS D"'3")J ^T?^'"! :'^'3V
is with your own people." ''He replied, "You
:mn"''7 nnîn hd^j ann'K dfik
are shirkers, shirkers! That is why you say, 'Let
us go and sacrifice to the Lord.' '**Be off now

to your work! No straw shall be issued to you,
but you must produce your quota of bricks!"
•^Now the foremen of the Israelites found
themselves in trouble because of the order, pn^-riKT n\i7'n-nK i^jq^vo n^Tin

"You must not reduce your daily quantity of :nV"iQ riKQ DJiKyn nnKip'? °"'?^^
bricks." ÔAs they left Pharaoh's presence, they
came upon Moses and Aaron standing in their
path, -'and they said to them, "May the Lord

look upon you and punish you for making us
DTn n-in-nn'p viny 'rvni nV~i3
loathsome to Pharaoh and his courtiers
putting a sword in their hands to slay us." HT njp"? n-fn oy^ nnvin n-nb -"jik
--Then Moses returned to the Lord and said,
"O Lord, why did You bring harm upon this riV^n-k'7 '7ym nTn uvb y-in "^du/s
people? Why did You send me? 23Ever since I
came to Pharaoh to speak in Your name, he has

dealt worse with this people; and still You have
not delivered Your people."
vJ Then the Lord said to Moses, "You shall
soon see what I will do to Pharaoh: he shall let
them go because of a greater might; indeed, be-

cause of a greater might he shall drive them from
his land."
VA-'ERA'
2God spoke to Moses and said to him, "I am

the Lord. 'I appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and i7ny;'-'7K nrnnx-'^K k^k") 3 :
n-pi -"jn
Jacob as El Shaddai, but I did not make Myself i(b nin"" 'DU/i "7x3
'"lu; Ipvi'-'^Ki
known to them by My name mn\" *! also es-
tablished My covenant with them, to give them

yiK ni< ]yj3 \'-!i<TiK dhV nn^ nnN
the land of Canaan, the land in which they lived
as sojourners. ?I have now heard the moaning

"JK I DAT? :nn nriwK nnnjiD
of the Israelites because the Egyptians are hold- -n:7K '^Knu/"' -"jn npKJ-riK Tiynu;
u This divine name ii traditionally not pronounced: instead.

Adonai, '(the) Loud," is regularly substituted for it.
122
"
TORAH EXODUS 6.18 VA-'ERA" KnxT T T^^)2\^ n-nn
ing them in bondage, and I have remembered

My covenant. ^Say, therefore, to the IsraeHte
people: I am the Lord. I will free you from the
nnVP rib'np hnnp niriK "'nxyim
labors of the Egyptians and deliver you from
their bondage. I will redeem you with an out-
^rinpî " :a'''7iA nûQu/nT n'liuj yintn
stretched arm and through extraordinary chas-
tisements. 7And I will take you to be My people,
and I will be your God. And you shall know that
I, the Lord, am your God who freed you from 'nK^m 8 anyp ni^np nnrip ainK
:
the labors of the Eg)'ptians. Î wiU bring you into "T-riK ^'nKtbj "IU7K ynKri-'7x bsriK
the land which I swore^ to give to Abraham,
Isaac, and Jacob, and I will give it to you for a
possession, I the Lord." ^But when Moses told

i<b^ bii-wi "'Jn-'?^ ]3 n\u')2 ^^^T^J
this to the IsraeUtes, they would not hsten to
Moses, their spirits crushed by cruel bondage.
Ti-pvm nn nypn n]b''n-bK '^ypu;
lOThe Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ii"Go
and tell Pharaoh king of Egypt to let the Isra-

elites depart from his land." i^But Moses ap- -HK nb\Lj^} nn^yp -^br^ riv^$-bi< nil
pealed to the Lord, saying, "The Israelites 'Jd'7 nu/'n ~i5TV- -"^^li^^ '7K"iu;"'"'jn
would not listen to me; how then should Phar-
aoh heed me, a man of impeded speech!" i^So
b^v '>)K^ nviD "'JV'?^"' T'>^"!
^bK
the Lord spoke to both Moses and Aaron in re-
r[]u')2-bK mn"" nnTl'-^ s :a"'nQU7
gard to the Israelites and Pharaoh king of Eg\^t,
instructing them to deliver the Israelites from
-bi^."] bk'ip-> ^jn-'7K m.yî pnK"'7K"!
the land of Eg\^t. -'n-nK K^Yln^ Dp.^P "^b-D nV"!3

D :Dny)3 y-ixD bii'W'^
i-^The following are the heads of their respec-

tive clans.
The sons of Reuben, Israel's first-born:

Ki^QT "îjn bk'îu^, nbn ]niK-i •'is
Enoch^^ and Pallu, Hezron and Carmi; those are
:]niKn ririBp'n nbK ^n-iî pnyn
the families of Reuben. isThe sons of Simeon:
]"'3ii iriKi ]''pî bkm'' pvJû; 'jm 15
Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and SauL^
the son of a Canaanite woman; those are the n'n3U7?3 nbK n-'jypn-]! bM<.\u) nnYT
families of Simeon. i^These are the names of Le- DmVny"'i'?-"'J3 nijpu; ribk) 16 : ilvpu/
vi's sons by their lineage: Gershon, Kohath, and ynu; '>]b "'.n '"'ju/t nnpT nnpi ]w^^
Merari; and the span of Levi's Ufe was 137 years. '>nb xwp'^^ 'J3 17 : mu7 nxpT "'^^''û/t
I'The sons of Gershon: Libni and Shimei, by
nnTpy nnp 'ni is : nnnsu/n'p ""ypu/i
their famiUes. i^The sons of Kohath: Amram,
nnp ".n ^j\z;^ '7Knyi iinnni "ihy^t
Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel; and the span of
b Lit. "raised My hand.

c Or "Hanoch"; cf. on Gen. 46.9.
d Or "Shaul"; cf. on Gen. 46.10.
123
TORAH EXODUS 6.18 VA-ERA' K1K1 1 m73\:/ n-nn
Kohath's life was 133 years. '^The sons of Merari:

Mahli and Mushi. These are the families of the >)bri n'nQu/p n^K ""U/im ""^np nnn
Levites by their lineage.
-OAmram took to wife his father's sister Jo-
chebed, and she bore him Aaron and Moses;

^''W^ nu/b-riKi I'lriK-nK i"? I'priT
and the span of Amram's life was 137 years.
-'The sons of Izhar: Korah, Nepheg, and Zichri.

22The sons of Uzziel: Mishael, Elzaphan, and 'j;n22 :nDTi iQj") nip "inv ''n^2l
Sithri. --Âaron took to wife Elisheba, daughter np''^2^ :"'")riDT is^'^kt "^KU/ip '7K*'-Ti;
of Amminadab and sister of Nahshon, and niriK nirpy-nii ynu/^'pK-nK pn^

she bore him Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and
Ithamar. --^The sons of Korah: Assir, Elkanah,
nprr'N-riK') -iiv'^K-nK kitok-hki
and Abiasaph. Those are the families of the
r[bi<. ^\DK^:ii^) nJi7'7Ki "i^dk nip •'jni 24
Korahites. -"Ând Aaron's son Eleazar took to
pni<-]3 nTy'7Ki25 :in-!i?n n'n$\:;)p
wife one of Putiel's daughters, and she bore him
Phinehas. Those are the heads of the fathers'
ibr\) nii/K"? i^'^K^'uis nunn ^b-npb
houses of the Levites by their families. w^bn ninK 'Wk-j nbk vm^B-nK i"?
Mt is the same Aaron and Moses to whom

the Lord said, "Bring forth the Israelites from mn^ "DDK ~iu/K nu/bi prjK Kin 26
the land of Eg)'pt, troop by troop." -''It was they y-iKU bK'iiu'' 'n-riK wîn unb
who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt to free the
bnninn DrT27 :nnKny-'7V Dnyn
Israelites from the Egyptians; these are the same
-riK K^yin^ DnY)3-^'7)p ny~i3-'7N
Moses and Aaron. 28For when the Lord spoke
to Moses in the land of Egypt 29and the Lord ipHKi nu/n Kin nn^yn^ '7k-iw^-',j:?
said to Moses, "I am the Lord; speak to Pharaoh ynKn nu7')3-'7K mn"" -iî nv:! "•n-''! 28
king of Egypt all that I will tell you," -ôMoses r[\p')2-bK mn^ n3i:'i29 3 :Dnyp
appealed to the Lord, saying, "See, I am of "^b-g Wv-iE)-'7K -i5"i nin^ ""Jk iwK^
impeded speech; how then should Pharaoh

heed me!"
b'}V ^""JK ]n mn-" •'jq'? r[p')2 nTpK""] 30
7 The Lord replied to Moses, "See, I place ^•nnj HK") nu/')3"'7K nin"" iipK'''] I
you in the role of God to Pharaoh, with your n-'.nT "^'nK priK") nyiQ"? D"'n'7K
brother Aaron as your prophet." ^You shall re-
^^VK "lU'K-'?:) HK nnin nnx 2 :'^K"'n^
peat all that I command you, and your brother
n^wi ni;"|5-'7K ^ni'' ^'hk prfNT
Aaron shall speak to Pharaoh to let the Israelites
nwpK "'JKV' :iy-iKn b'K-juz-'-'n-nK
depart from his land. -^Rut I will harden Phar-
aoh's heart, that I may multiply My signs and
-riKT "'nn'KTiK "•rr'n-im nVi? n'7-nK
marvels in the land of Eg)j»t. 'When Pharaoh ynw^-K'pvi :ony)p ynK3 ""npin
<j Cf.4.16.
124
TORAH EXODUS 7.18 VA-ERA- x-iKT T ^[^t2\U n-nn
does not heed you, I will lay My hand upon Dn2f)p3 n^-riK 'Jinji nyng b^^K
Egypt and deliver My ranks, My people the Is-
raelites, from the land of Egypt with extraor-
: Wb^ D"'pDli^n DnyjD Vîi^T? bi^^'pi
dinary chastisements. 5And the Egyptians shall
know that I am the Lord, when I stretch out
My hand over Egypt and bring out the Israel-

ites from their midst." ^This Moses and Aaron
did; as the Lord commanded them, so they
did. ^Moses was eighty years old and Aaron

eighty-three, when they made their demand on
Pharaoh.
8The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, 9"When
"iriKb nVns d'^k 'î'v
'13 9 inK^
:
Pharaoh speaks to you and says, 'Produce your

nj? priK-'7K rinnKi n^m U2b ^m
marveL' you shall say to Aaron, 'Take your rod
and cast it down before Pharaoh.' It shall turn
into a serpent." loSo Moses and Aaron came be-
fore Pharaoh and did just as the Lord had com- inuTp-riK pnx '^^p'>_] mn;' niy "iu^k?
manded: Aaron cast down his rod in the pres- :]''iiri'7 'n''! inny -"jq^t ny-iQ 'jq^
ence of Pharaoh and his courtiers, and it turned n-'ptirDp^l "'p^nb ny"!3-DA Kip"! 11
into a serpent. ^Then Pharaoh, for his part,

nrfurr^n nnyp "'Jauin dh-d^ ^^v^^
summoned the wise men and the sorcerers; and
the Egyptian magicians, in turn, did the same
pm^^T 13 : Dnu?p-nK prrx-nun y'pnî
with their spells; i2each cast down his rod, and
they turned into serpents. But Aaron's rod swal-
inT "1U7K3 Dri'7K ypu; Kb) ni/nQ 3J7
lowed their rods. '^Yet Pharaoh's heart stiffened
and he did not heed them, as the Lord had said. nvis :ib 133 n]b'i2-bK h)n'', "rpK^"! '^
i4And the Lord said to Moses, "Pharaoh is

ni733 ny-iEj-b'K "^b 15 : Dyn nû;^ -[K)?
stubborn; he refuses to let the people go. isGo -bv iriKip^ Ji^V^l n)p^?3n KY'i mn
to Pharaoh in the morning, as he is coming out
\ijn:ib "qBrrrnii/K nuTan'i ix^n npu;
to the water, and station yourself before him at
^ribi<. mn*' vbK n-iTpKiis -.'^yîi njpn
the edge of the Nile, taking with you the rod
that turned into a snake. iÂnd say to him, 'The
-riK nb]Li ibx'? ^•^^'px ""jnû; bniyn
Lord, the God of the Hebrews, sent me to you n:jTl2]u-i<b mni "i3i)33 ''Jpv?.'! ""^PV
to say, "Let My people go that they may worship "s yin nKT3 nin^ npK nsi^ :n3-iv
Me in the wilderness." But you have paid no nu?33 nsn '3jk nin mn;' ""pK
I
heed until now. i^Thus says the Lord, "By this ^33riJi -iK"'3 nu;K u->T3'r[-bv 'i^3-iu;K
you shall know that am I the Lord." See, I shall
U7K31 mnn -i'k"'3—i\^k nnni is : Di^
strike the water in the Nile with the rod that is
in my hand, and it will be turned into blood;

i**and the fish in the Nile will die. The Nile will
125
TORAH EXODUS 7.18 VA-ERA- KiKi T niDU; rnin
stink so that the Eg)T?tians will find it impossible
to drink the water of the Nile.'"
'"Ând the Lord said to Moses, "Say to Aaron:

Take your rod and hold out your arm over the
n^ni ai-Tin^T nrr'Tp-'n mpn-'â bvi
waters of Egypt — its rivers, its canals, its ponds,
D^nKni u-'yv:i^ D''i^P ynK-'^Dî hi
all its bodies of water — that they may turn to
:
blood; there shall be blood throughout the land
of Egypt, even in vessels of wood and stone." -i\^K b"'5an-nK "^^ nu)3n uy^ nin^
20Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord com- iDDn""! vi'2V Tv'^T n'i7-iQ ^:^vb iK^n
manded: he lifted up the rod and struck the wa- nji"im2i -.wf? iK"'3-~iiyK D"')an-'73
ter in the Nile in the sight of Pharaoh and his

and the water in the Nile was
courtiers, all
win ^r\->) iK^n-ip wp ninu;^ n^VP
turned into blood -'and the fish in the Nile died.
"Tsunn p-iu;v=!i22 :DnvP Vlj^''^^'^
The Nile stank so that the Egyptians could not
-Kb) ny-iQ-n'? pmîi Dn-iu^n nn^p
drink water from the Nile; and there was blood
throughout the land of Egypt. --But when the
Eg)'ptian magicians did the same with their -u^ îib n\u-i<b^ lrT'n-'7K ki^t ny-iB
spells, Pharaoh's heart stiffened and he did not nn^np Dnyp-'^D n3n:'i24 :nK6
heed them — as the Lord had spoken. 23phar- rinpb \b^2 Kb ""a ninu;'? wr? iN-in
aoh turned and went into his palace, paying no :iK"'rT mmr^
regard even to this. 24And all the Egyptians had
mn"'-ni3n nriN 'n^ nyni:; k'7J3''1 23
to dig round about the Nile for drinking water,
nu7')3-'7K nin;' "inK"! 26 q : -iK^n-nK
because they could not drink the water of the
Nile.
"ipN n'3 vbK ni^KT ni7iQ"'7K k'^
2?When seven days had passed after the Lord -DX'127 :"'J73V,"ll "'PV.nK n'û/ mn^
struck the Nile, 26the Lord said to Moses, "Go -riK ^p 'pJK mn nVii/^ nriK iKip
to Pharaoh and say to him, 'Thus says the Lord:

Let My people go that they may worship Me.
27If you refuse to let them go, then will plague
^Taym ^^"'iny n^nm
I
^riun-'7i;i ^:i3ii^n
your whole country with frogs. 2«The Nile shall
*nDnT29 : •^'nl-iKU/Qm ^n.^jnî
swarm with frogs, and they shall come up and
enter your palace, your bedchamber and your
bed, the houses of your courtiers and your peo-
ple, and your ovens and your kneading bowls.

2'^The frogs shall come up on you and on your
people and on all your courtiers."
8 \nd the LoKusaid to Moses, "Say to Aaron:
Hold out your arm with the rod over the rivers,
n -\->r\'' V. 29.
TORAH EXODUS 8.15 VA-'ERA' KixT n m?3U^ mm
the canals, and the ponds, and bring up the frogs
on the land oi Egypt." -Aaron held out his arm
over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs came up
^bv^\^ nn^yn ^12^12 bv li^^^ PHiS
and covered the land of Egypt. ^But the magi-
:Dny)p V")j;<'J^>< oprri viis^^n
cians did the same with their spells, and brought
^bv^^^ nnû^n "'Kjuinn ]3-itz;v^"!3
frogs upon the land of Egypt.
4Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron

and said, "Plead with the Lord to remove the ink^'i pnK'?i nu/b"? nyn? Kip''i4
frogs from me and my people, and I will let the
people go to sacrifice to the Lord." SAnd Moses
said to Pharaoh, "You may have this triumph
over me: for what time shall I plead in behalf
of you and your courtiers and your people, that
the frogs be cut off from you and your houses,
nnK"! irDp"? "iTpKî^^ :miK\i7ri iK;'^
to remain only in the Nile?" 6"For tomorrow,"
he replied. And [Moses] said, "As you say — that
you may know that there is none like the Lord Tj-'nnTpT "^â^p n^viis^n noi 7 : î^rjbK
our God; ^the frogs shall retreat from you and :m"iK^Jn "I'i^""? p"i ^?3yj3T "^'"Tn^'?^
your courtiers and your people; they shall re-
main only in the Nile." ^Then Moses and Aaron ^yîSYn nin^-'^K "nu/n
'^:lTbv
left Pharaoh's presence, and Moses cried out to
nn"|3 mn^ iuvi^j T\:^l^b Dif7—iu/k
the Lord in the matter of the frogs which He
had inflicted upon Pharaoh. Ând the Lord did
as Moses asked; the frogs died out in the houses,
nn'K nny='iio : nitFri-]nT mynn
the courtyards, and the fields. lOAnd they piled K-]y\n :y-iKn u/Knni an?pn nnjpn
them up in heaps, till the land stank, i
iBut when iii'^-riK hn^m nnpn nn^n "^3 nvia
Pharaoh saw that there was relief, he became D : mn"" -in^ iu;k3 uribi<. vn^j Kb)
stubborn and would not heed them, as the Lord f\'r\K-bi<, n'DK 'h\LJ'r:-bi< nin^ "itok"! 12
had spoken.
i2Then the Lord said to Moses, "Say to
Aaron: Hold out your rod and strike the dust
of the earth, and it shall turn to lice throughout
the land of Egypt." iÂnd they did so. Aaron
-'73 npnnni nnxn apn "nni yi^kn
held out his arm with the rod and struck the : nn^yp y-iK-^33 d^;id n^n ynxn "iQy
dust of the earth, and vermin came upon man

and beast; all the dust of the earth turned to lice bn '^r\r\^ ^b:^] k^t nîiarT-nK
throughout the land of Egypt. I'^The magicians n^pK^Tis inpnnni aixs
b?3U"!nrT
did the like with their spells to produce lice, but
prn^T Kin WTibi<. ynyx n'yns-'?^
they could not. The vermin remained upon man
and beast; isand the magicians said to Pharaoh,
"This is the finger of God!" But Pharaoh's heart
127
TORAH EXODUS 8.15 VA-ERA' K"iKT n m)3\z; mm
stiffened and he would not heed them, as the
Lord had spoken.

'fÂnd the Lord said to Moses, "Early in the
morning present yourself to Pharaoh, as he is
coming out to the water, and say to him, 'Thus

'WV nVu; nin^ npK na v^k n"i)?Ki
says the Lord: Let My people go that they may
•'3 17
^ravriK n'?U7?p"'"^j"'K-DK :"'nnv,'!T
worship Me. '"For if you do not let My people
go, I will let loose "swarms of insects" against
you and your courtiers and your people and bnY)3 ""nil ^kbm l-iyrrriK T'nnm
your houses; the houses of the Egyptians, and
the very ground they stand on, shall be filled
]m V~!K"riK Kinn nv:i ''rT''7Qm i«
with swarms of insects. '^But on that day I will
set apart the region of Goshen, where My people

n"i.j7.n mn^ ^jk -"s ynn ]vr?b niy
dwell, so that no swarms of insects shall be there,
^Tsy ]"'nT ^Kjy ]^5 niQ ^nnu/T i^ : yi.Kn
that you may know that I the Lord am in the
midst of the land. •'Ând I will make a dis-

h"inT wyn^" :n;Tn n>;ri n^rii inn^
tinction'' between My people and your people. *n"'ni riv^^ nrr'n nia nny n^^t i?
Tomorrow this sign shall come to pass.'" -OAnd yiKH nnii^n Dnv>3 y-iK-'r^^T vyiv
the Lord did so. Heavy swarms of insects
invaded Pharaoh's palace and the houses of

his courtiers; throughout the country of Egypt
-i)pK''"!22 :ynKii ddtI'^k'? innr ^'Db
the land was ruined because of the swarms of
nnyin -"b ]3 nlu;y^ ]13J Kb nii/b
insects.
2iThen Pharaoh summoned Moses and

"Aaron and said, "Go and sacrifice to your God K^l Dri''j"'y^ Qî^P nnyirrnx
within the land." 22But Moses replied, "It would -i3"[Ki5 "Tibi whi nuibp -q-i.-i 23 : ij^pp""
not be right to do this, for what we sacrifice to -ink"' iu;k3 iJ"'rf'7K mn'''? iJnnjT
the Lord our God is untouchable to the Egyp- hWk 'DJk ny-iQ -ink""! 24 :^}•>bi<.
tians. If we sacrifice that which is untouchable

arinnn bDHK
iii"i^5 d;?"'!!'^^ mn"''?
to the Egyptians before their very eyes, will they
n-'piyn riDb^ ip-'n-in-k'? pn-)n pn
not stone us! 23So we must go a distance of three
Kyi"" 'pJK nin n\i;>3 "ipk'V? :iii73
days into the wilderness and sacrifice to the
Lord our God as He may command us."
nnyn idt hih^-'^k ^ninyni Vinyn
^'iPharaoh said, "I will let you go to sacrifice to t|p-'-'7K inn inyni vinyn n'y-isn
pi
the Lord your God in the wilderness; but do nnT"? Dyn-HK n'pu; ^n'?^'? bnn n'y"i$
not go very far. Plead, then, for me." -"Ând Mo-
ses said, "When I leave your presence, I will
plead with the Lord that the swarms of insects

depart tomorrow from Pharaoh and his court-
iers and his people; but let not Pharaoh again
ij-<i Olhen "wiUI heails." -rfzzr j-'vum inâo

h Meaning of pedulh uncertain.
TORAH EXODUS 9.10 VA-ERA- X-IK1 u nM^MJ min
act deceitfully, not letting the people go to

sacrifice to the Lord." Sp^T r[yj')2 -ini3 nin^ ^V^.l"' :nin"'
-6So Moses left Pharaoh's presence and
"ix\^j K^ 17317)31 innyn n'y"!Q?3 nnyn
pleaded with the Lord. 27And the Lord did as
Moses asked: He removed the swarms of insects
from Pharaoh, from his courtiers, and from his
people; not one remained. -^But Pharaoh be-
came stubborn this time also, and would not

let the people go.
^ The Lord said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh -'7K k'3 n^j')2-bi<, mn^, "iJ3k='i w
and say to him, 'Thus says the Lord, the God ^rf'^K n)'r\-' n?3K-n3 v^k rriiiTi nVl?
of the Hebrews: Let My people go to worship
r3 2 :''j'inv,'!i "'KJVTiK nbvj nnnyn
Me. 2For if you refuse to let them go, and con-
: Dii p^Tnjp jiTivi nbpb nnx ikw-qk
tinue to hold them, ^then the hand of the Lord
njin mn-'-T niri
will strike your livestock in the fields — the
nntzîi "IU7K '^JpTpn 3
and the
]KYnT "ipnii D"''7)3^3 bn'>3nn n^p^Dn
horses, the asses, the camels, the cattle,
sheep —with a very severe pestilence. -^But the mpp ^B mn^ n'7Qm4 n^-n "in3 "i3T
Lord will make a distinction between the live- nmi i<b) nnY)3 mp^p i^ni bk-W";
stock of Israel and the livestock of the Eg)^tians, nyc umj :-inT bi<.'i\iJ-> '>nb-b3'i2
so that nothing shall die of all that belongs to -in^ri mn'' ntpv;; -inip inx'? ivm
the Israelites. ^The Lord has fixed the time: to-
morrow the Lord will do this thing in the
mp?373i Dny?3 njp?3 Vs n?3î nniiTpp
land.'" ^-Vnd the Lord did so the next day: all
the livestock of the Eg}^tians died, but of the
livestock of the Israelites not a beast died. inx-iv '7k-iu;t ^).\^^^ rip-^b nini
AVhen Pharaoh inquired, he found that not a -riK nViz; kî nynEj 2b isdî
head of the livestock of Israel had died; yet Phar-
aoh remained stubborn, and he would not let
the people go.

SThen the Lord said to Moses and Aaron,
"Each of you take handfuls of soot from the kiln,
n"'ni9 :n'v-i3 -'pvb nnîpii^n nm
'bv n^ni nnyp vik"'?^ b^ pnK^
and let Moses throw it toward the sky in the sight
of Pharaoh. "Ît shall become a fine dust all over
the land of Eg)'pt, and cause an inflammation inp^Tio :Qn^P y-!K-'7D3 nV^v^K
breaking out in boils on man and beast through- ni;"!D ""JD^ i"TPV!l l^^sn n^'S-nx
out the land of Eg)^t." loso they took soot of pnu7 •'nî n'n'>72^jr[ nu^n in'K p'lPi
the kiln and appeared before Pharaoh; Moses
threw it toward the sky, and it caused an
inflammation breaking out in boils on man and
129
TORAH EXODUS 9.10 VA-ERA' KiNi u m)3\y n-nn
beast. ' 'The magicians were unable to confront

Moses because of the inflammation, for the "jsn nu/b 'jd'7 "rby"? Diâuinn ^b21
inflammation afflicted the magicians as well as DTpuinn pnii/n n^ri-'D i"'nwn
-b:i2^
all the other Egyptians. '^But the Lord stiffened
nyis ^"P'-nK mn"" pTn''"!'2 :nnyn
the heart of Pharaoh, and he would not heed
them, just as the Lord had told Moses.
D : nu/b-'^K
'The Lord said to Moses, "Early in the
morning present yourself to Pharaoh and say

to him. Thus says the Lord, the God of the He-
brews: Let My people go to worship Me. '^For "pv-riK nb\u Dnnyn ^ribK nin-" "ipx
this time I will send all My plagues upon your nû; "jiK riKTH nvsi? 1
'3''» :"'Jpv;:i
person, and your courtiers, and your people, in

'^m:^^ ^"'I^V^t ^^^"'Î?^ ''n'Dan-'73-nK
order that you may know that there is none like
:y-i.Kn-'733 ""Jipa pK ->3 ynn mnv?
Me in all the world. 'Î could have stretched
^niK "qK") """i^TiK ''r\nb\u nnv "? '=
forth My hand and stricken you and your people
with pestilence, and you would have been
:y-iKri-]D nnsni nnp ^)3V"riKi
effaced from the earth. '^Nevertheless I have nny? "Ti-iri-inyri riKT mnyii d^wi '6
spared you for this purpose: in order to show

you My power, and in order that My fame may ^nb:ib 'py^ '^'înpn ^liy' :y~i.i<n
resound throughout the world. '^Yet you con- -i-i:i nnn nys T'unn "'JJH'h -.unbû
tinue to thwart" My people, and do not let them
n.Ynn innD n-'n-k'? -iu/k ikd ins
go! '^'This time tomorrow I will rain down a very
nriw^ :nnv-ivi nipin Di''n-]p'7
heavy hail, such as has not been in Egypt from
the day it was founded until now. 'Therefore,
"^b iu^K-'73 riK") '^;p?p-nK Vyn nb\i)
order your livestock and everything you have

in the open brought under shelter; every man urtbv THî nr\'':iiri cipK:-. i<b^ niti/n
and beast that is found outside, not having been n)rT> inTnx K"i.^n:<' •.^nr2^ iiiin
brought indoors, shall perish when the hail -riKT viny-riK cjri nV"i3 ""inyTp
comes down upon them!'" 2oxhose among
in"? u\u-i<b "1U7KT 21 : "'niin-'^K imp??
Pharaoh's courtiers who feared the Lord's
word brought their slaves and livestock in-
doors to safety; -'but those who paid no regard

to the word of the Lord left their slaves and
livestock in the open. "nyn y-iK-'733 "113 ^rfT u^r^wu-b:;
--The Lord said to Moses, "Hold out your 3U;v-'73 '7y"i n)prT3n-'7Vl DiNn-b'v
arm toward the sky that hail may fall on all the -HK n\i7"D u'i"! 23 : Dn^n y"|K3 n-T\^n
land of Egypt, upon man and beast and all the
1131 hVp ]r\2 mn"'i b"'n\^rT-'7y"inun
grasses of the field in the land of Egypt." --^So
113 mn'' lun""! nyiK u;k "^'pnni
Moses held out his rod toward the sky, and the
Lord sent thunder and hail, and fire streamed
a Others 'exalt younclf over.'
130
TORAH EXODUS 10.1 BO- Kn > n^^n\u n-nn
down to the ground, as the Lord rained down vjk) inn 'rT''i24 :nny)p ynK-'?!;
hail upon the land of Egypt. 24The hail was very "iu;k iKp ina innn "qlnin nriip.^nn
heavy — fire flashing in the midst of the
hail —such as had not fallen on the land of Egypt
y")K-'73ii iiiiri '^^125 oiji^ nn^n
since it had become a nation. 25Throughout the
land of Egypt the hail struck down all that were
in the open, both man and beast; the hail also
"tnnn nan niti^n ntî;-'73 nxi n}2n2.
struck down all the grasses of the field and shat- ynKn p-!26 nnu; nntFn yi;-'73-nKi
tered all the trees of the field. 260nly in the re-
gion of Goshen, where the Israelites were, there pHK^T n\ij')2b Knp"! nviQ n'ru/"'! 27
was no hail.
nin;" DV|n ^riKun t:rT'7K "dgkî
27Thereupon Pharaoh sent for Moses and
n"'jnvn28 :D"'i7\z;"!rT m:;) ""jki p'^'h^^n
Aaron and said to them, "I stand guilty this time.
innT W'Tib^ rib'p ri'>r\)2 nni nin^-'^K
The Lord is in the right, and I and my people
are in the wrong, ^spiead with the Lord that
there may be an end of God's thunder and of TiVriTiK '""nKya nu;n vbK n)3Kî29
hail. I will let you go; you need stay no longer."

29Moses said to him, "As I go out of the city, I
shall spread out my hands to the Lord; the '^Vl? T]iinyi nnxT-ô •Y^^'^ ^""^
thunder will cease and the hail will fall no more, :D''rT'7x mn;' 'jsp ^î^yn anu ""a
so that you may know that the earth is the
Lord's. ÔBut know that you and your court-

I
iers do not yet fear the Lord God." -''iNow the — nunrTi32 :'7yn^ nnu/Qni ^--ik
flax and barley were ruined, for the barley was

xy:'! 33 : n^rr rib^^K '>3
13J i<b ri)pD3m
in the ear and the flax was in bud; 32but the

ii|j3 m'lp^"] i-ivn-nK ny-jQ dv)? nu/n
wheat and the emmer^ were not hurt, for they -lUUT "fisni h^b'pri ^bim mnT'7K
ripen late. — ^^Leaving Pharaoh, Moses went '7"in-'3 ny-13 ki='.T34 :nYiK qnrK'7
outside the city and spread out his hands to the Kun"? c]D^T ri^pn") i^3n"i -iu)2n
i33='i
Lord: the thunder and the hail ceased, and no
K^T ny"!3 3^7 pTn:j135 :T'13yi Kin 13^
rain came pouring down upon the earth. 34But
mn:" n3"i nu/K? b^'^p-' 'J3-nK nîij
when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and
Q : n\:;w-T'3
the thunder had ceased, he became stubborn
and reverted to his guilty ways, as did his court-
iers. 35So Pharaoh's heart stiffened and he

would not let the Israelites go, just as the Lord
had foretold through Moses.
BO' X3
10 Then the Lord said to Moses, "Go to ny-iQ-'7K K3 n\i;b-'7K nin^ "upK""!
Pharaoh. For I have hardened his heart and the v'i:iv 3'7-nKi 13'7-nK im33n 'jk-''3
b A kind of wheat.
131
TORAH EXODUS 10.1 BO- KH •>
nm\U n-nn
hearts of his courtiers, in order that I may

display these My signs among them, -and that
you may recount in the hearing of your sons nu/K •'nriK-nKT Dn.2/nn ''n'7'pynn
and of your sons' sons how I made a mockery
of the Egyptians and how I displayed My signs
among them — in order that you may know that
"nw-rv D''i^V!7 "'^'^^ •^F"' ""^^'^^
I am the Lord." -^So Moses and Aaron went to
Pharaoh and said to him, "Thus says the Lord, t^nnv.il ""Jpy nbuj 'jqw mvb nJKn
the God of the Hebrews, 'How long will you
refuse to humble yourself before Me? Let My -riK nDpi-^ :'^'7nAn nniK "ina K^nn
people go that they may worship Me. ^For if you y-iKn-HK nKi'7 b^v Kb) n^-? T^
refuse to let My people go, tomorrow I will bring
locusts on your territory. -"^They shall cover the

nmri yvri-bTnK ^b'2K'\ nnnrT-]p
surface of the land, so that no one will be able
to see the land. They shall devour the surviving
remnant that was left to you after the hail; and -i<b '^WK bny)p-'7D -"nnT •^n.ni7"'7D
they shall eat away all your trees that grow in Dnvn Di^p "T'n:ii< ^""^^l TO^^ "^^l
the field. ^Moreover, they shall fill your palaces Ky='i la"! HTn uvr\ iv nrnKn-"?!;
and the houses of all your courtiers and of all
:nV"i3 ay)p
the Egyptians — something that neither your
fathers nor fathers' fathers have seen from the
DÛ/JKHTIK hbp \Up'\T2b \]h HT
day they appeared on earth to this day.'" With
that he turned and left Pharaoh's presence.
"Pharaoh's courtiers said to him, "How long
shall this one be a snare to us? Let the men go Dri'7K "inK""! ni7"i3-'7K pHK-nKi
to worship the Lord their God! Are you not yet "'D") 'jp Q3''rl'7K mn^-JiK nny id"?
aware that Egypt is lost?" ^So Moses and Aaron

were brought back to Pharaoh and he said to 1JJKY3 ijninm irin3 i\b2 i^Jprm
them, "Go, worship the Lord your God! Who
are the ones to go?" ^Moses replied, "We will
nb\ui<, "iu;k3 d3)3V nin"" ]3 '>f['> DrT'7K
all go, young and old: we will go with our sons
and daughters, our flocks and herds; for we
must observe the Lord's festival." 'ORut he said nnvT bnnan ^^y^pb ]3 k^ 1
1 : d3"'J3
to them, "The Lord be with you the same as I

u/npi Dû/pna dpik nn'K "'3 mn^-JiK
mean to let your children go with you! Clearly, Q :nV-i3 ""JD nxn DnK
you are bent on mischief. "No! You menfolk 'bv T^l nuj nibwb'N nirr" inK'î 1:
go and worship the Lord, since that is what you

want." And they were expelled from Pharaoh's
presence.
i-Then the Lord said to Moses, "Hold out
your arm over the land of Egypt for the locusts.
132
TORAH EXODUS 10.24 bo' K3 > mwu; n-nn
that they may come upon the land of Egypt and

eat up all the grasses in the land, whatever the nu7b u^'TB :'Tn3rT "i"'Ku;n nu^K-'73
hail has leit." ^^So Moses held out his rod over
the land of Egypt, and the Lord drove an east
wind over the land all that day and all night;
and when morning came, the east wind had

brought the locusts. '^Locusts invaded all the
land of Egypt and settled within all the territory 113 onyp "7^3^ '7'33 njî an.^n ynx
of Egypt in a thick mass; never before had there inn3 n3-iK ]3 n^n-K"? v:^Y n'Kp
been so many, nor will there ever be so many pvriK 03^"! 15 :i3-n;;n;' i<binnxi
again. 'SThey hid aU the land from view, and -j-iK '73Kî V"i.Kn T|U7nrn_ Y"!.i<n-'73
the land was darkened; and they ate up all the
grasses of the field and all the fruit of the trees

yy3 piv"^? "inlJ-k"?! innn "I'-riln
which the hail had left, so that nothing green
was
tnnyp y")K-'733 nnti/n 3ti7i;3i
left, of tree or grass of the field, in all the
land of Egypt. nrrx^T r[\LJ')2b Kipb ny"i3 "in)?:'ii6
i^Pharaoh hurriedly summoned Moses and :n3î Q3-'ri'7K np-'^ ^n^yn "inKî
Aaron and said, "I stand guilty before the Lord
your God and before you. '^Forgive my offense
just this once, and plead with the Lord your ny-is nyn ky"! is :n;Tn ni.jpn-riK
God that He but remove this death from me."
b^-ni") r^rri'' T|Dnî i*^ :mn''-'7K "iny;;'!
i^So he left Pharaoh's presence and pleaded
with the Lord. i^The Lord caused a shift to a
733 nriK n3-!K hxipj k^ qio ni3i
very strong west wind, which lifted the locusts
and hurled them into the Sea of Reeds;'' not a 3'7-nx mn"' p'Tn'''!2o inny^p "713^
single locust remained in all the territory of Q :'7K"itz;;' ''J3-nK nbp iib) Tiv'^B
Egypt. 20But the Lord stiffened Pharaoh's heart, -hv ^"^11 npj nu;'?3-'7x nin"" "i)pk''i 21
and he would not let the Israelites go.

2iThen the Lord said to Moses, "Hold out
u^,j2\^r[-by iTTiK nj^b Uj'i22 :t^\^'n
your arm toward the sky that there may be dark-
ness upon the land of Egypt, a darkness that can
vriKTiK u/'iK iK"i-k'7 23 -.wrii n\i;b\u
be touched." 22Moses held out his arm toward
the sky and thick darkness descended upon all u^pl n\ub\i; vnnnjp \LJî<. ûi^-k"?!
the land of Egypt for three days. 23People could : nn3u;iw3 nlK n^n '7K"itî "',;;^"'?3^t
not see one another, and for three days no one \::b nnk^T n\i7b-'7K ny-ia Kni7''T24
could get up from where he was; but all the Is-
raelites enjoyed light in their dwellings.

24Pharaoh then summoned Moses and said,
"Go, worship the Lord! Only your flocks and

your herds shall be left behind; even your chil-
fl Traditionally, but incorrectly, "Red Sea."
133
TORAH EXODUS 10.24 bo' KD " mnw min
dren may go with you." '-^But Moses said, "You

yourself must provide us with sacrifices and ni^yi "'nnt in^n ]nr\ nriK'n^
burnt offerings to otfer up to the Lord our God; "qV;: ijjpjp-a;! 26 : ^^•^^r\bii nyi^b ij-'tyyi
-'ôur own hvestock, too, shall go along with
us — not a hoof shall remain behind: for we must

i/irK"? ijmxi ^rribK mni-nx iny"?
select from it for the worship of the Lord our
God; and we shall not know with what we are
^.n•l2^J iJK'n-iv mn^-riK invrnp
to worship the Lord until we arrive there." nnK K^T nviEj n'7-nK mn*' p:Tn-'i27
27But the Lord stiffened Pharaoh's heart and -'bvr] Ti"? ny")Q i^nnx^'i 28 :DnV\i;'7
he would not agree to let them go. 2i<Pharaoh Dl"'^ 13 njQ rilK"i ^c]Dn-'7K 'i\b ^riW'n
said to him, "Be gone from me! Take care not
to see me again, for the moment you look upon
my face you shall die." -''And Moses replied,
"You have spoken rightly. I shall not sec your

face again!"
11 And the Lord said to Moses, "I will bring
but one more plague upon Pharaoh and upon

Eg)'pt; after that he shall let you go from here;
n^3 ln'7U73 nm DDnx nbu)-' P""'inK
indeed, when he lets you go, he will drive you
•'JTK3 KJn^l - : HTTP D^riK \:/n.P uîJ
out of here one and all. -Tell the people to bor-
nii7Kl ^nyn nxn 1 u/^k ^bK\u^^ uvri
row, each man from his neighbor and each
woman from hers, objects of silver and gold."
]r\'>î :nriT ''731 HP?""''?? nn^v~) nxn
-^The Lord disposed the Egyptians favorably to- I DA nnyp •'rv3 Dvn ip-riK mn"'
ward the people. Moreover, Moses himself was Dn.ya y"iK3 iKa "711^ nu/n u;"'i<n
much esteemed in the land of Egypt, among

Pharaoh's courtiers and among the people. n'yn? mn^ -i)pK n'3 nu;b "nnK"!-*
^Moses said, "Thus says the Lord: Toward
npi3 :DnYn Tl1n3 KYl^ iJK n'7^'7rT
midnight I will go forth among the Egyptians,
nyns "1133a bnyn ynK3 ni33-'73
5and every first-born in the land of Egypt shall
lu/K nnpî/n 1133 ly iKp3-'7V 3\:;'^n
die, from the first-born of Pharaoh who sits on
his throne to the first-born of the slave girl who nn^m nnns ^ : -1133 "^bi a:'nin inis
is behind the millstones; and all the first-born Dnyn y-)K-'733

"iu;k nV~i;i ^RV^
of the cattle. Ând there shall be a loud cry in :C]pn k"? inn3T nn^nj k'? ^n?33
all the land of Egypt, such as has never been or iju/"? bVs-yiri"' k"? '7K-!t:7-' ^2:1 1 b'b'î
will ever be again; ''but not a dog shall snarl"

hu/K i^yin ]VJp'7 n)pn3-nvT u/^Kp"?
at any of the Israelites, at man cir beast — in order
that you may know that the Lord makes a dis-
tinction between Egypt and Israel.

134
—
TORAH EXODUS 12.10 BO Kn ! n^'f2VJ n-nn
8"Then all these courtiers of yours shall come

down to me and bow low to me, saying, 'Depart,
you and all the people \vho follow you!' After
that I will depart." And he left Pharaoh's pres-

ence in hot anger.
9Now the Lord had said to Moses, "Pharaoh
will not heed you, in order that My marvels may
ynxn ^nQi)3 nin-i ]]jy2b nvis U2^bi<.
be multipUed in the land of Eg)7)t." 'OMoses and

Aaron had performed all these mar\êls before nin^ pTn^T nvio ^Js'?
'^^^k^ D''riQ>3n
Pharaoh, but the Lord had stiffened the heart
of Pharaoh so that he would not let the Israelites
2 :1y~IK?3
go from his land.
12 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in
the land of Egypt: 2This month shall mark for 3^ mn Winn 2 -.'ir^Kb nn.yn y-iK-i
you the beginning of the months; it shall be the
first of the months of the year for you. -''Speak
^bi^.'W'^ jTTy-'73-'7x n3T3 -.-nwri
to the whole communit}- of Israel and say that
nfjb inpî n^r\ MJinb nwvn i?3i<^
on the tenth of this month each of them shall
take a lamb" to a family, a lamb to a household.

-DKT 4 : n^n"? nw n'nx-iT'n^ ntp u/^k
^But if the household is too small for a lamb, K^n ^pb^ "nw'12 ri'^rii^ n^nn vyni
let him share one with a neighbor who dwells
nearby, in proportion to the number of persons: nvj'^ :nti7n-'7V iDbn i'^dx ^^b u/^x
you shall contribute for the lamb according to
what each household will eat. ^Your lamb shall
be without blemish, a yearling male; you may

take it from the sheep or from the goats. ^You
shall keep \\atch over it until the fourteenth day
of this month; and all the assembled congre- ^jriJl D^rT-]?3 inp^v :n^|iivn r,5
gation of the Israelites shall slaughter it at twi- bv_^ ^'ippTpri-b^'] n\-]mn ''np-biJ
light. "They shall take some of the blood and ^^DNTS :Dn3 IJIK l^'Dk"'—IU7K D-'n^n
put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the
houses in which they are to eat it. ^^They shall
eat the flesh that same night; they shall eat it

^k-^b:!-UK ^3 D^?33 b]LJ2)2 bp2'\ KJ
roasted over the fire, with unleavened bread and
-k'?! 10 :i3ii7-'7i;i vy"i3-'7V Iu/ki
with bitter herbs. ^Do not eat any of it raw, or
cooked in any way with water, but roasted

head, legs, and entrails — over the fire. ii^You
shall not leave anv of it over until morning;
a Or "kid." Heb. seh means either "sheep" or "goat"; cf. v. 5.
135
TORAH EXODUS 12.10 BO' Kn ai T^^}2\U mm
if any of it is left until morning, you shall
burn it. DDTS DD'î^DT nD-i^nn b3"''7yj

"This is how you shall eat it: your loins -.nrn^b Kin nps ptQnn iriK dfi'pdki
girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staff
n-TPT nb'i'^n ^Dn;f?p-y-iKn 'rinnvi 12
in your hand; and you shall eat it hurriedly: it

n"TK)p an.yjp yiKii ni33-'73 "rr'arn
is a passover offering'' to the Lord. '-For that
night I will go through the land of Egypt and
nu;^K Dn.v)? 'ri'7K-'7DnT nprin-nv")
strike down ever)' first-born in the land of D3^ D^n 'n^ni 13 -.nyn'^ ""Jn dûqu;
Egypt, both man and beast; and I will mete out ''n"'K"iT n\u upiK -iu;k n^nnn bv rikb
punishments to all the gods of Egypt, I the Lord. DDn n^rrTK'pi w^bv ""nnDDT Din-nK
'•'And the blood on the houses where you are :Dny)p y^Kî 'nanii n''n\i;r2b ^qij
staying shall be a sign for you: when see the
I
Dmni ilnsT"? h^b n^ri nvri n^m h
blood I will pass over you, so that no plague will
D'7iv nj?n nb^nni'? Trrn^b An in'K
destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.
i4This day shall be to you one of remem-

I'^DK'n niyjp h^)2i nynu/i? :imnn
brance: you shall celebrate it as a festival to the
iKti7 in^nu/n ]l\i7Knn uv2 ^k
Lord throughout the ages; you shall celebrate nn-iDJ") yjbn '73k-'73 i ^3 D.^^nnn
it as an institution for all time. i^Seven days you IWKin Dvn '7Klu;''?p Kinn w^^ri
shall eat unleavened bread; on the very first day :''i;n\i7n Dv-nv
you shall remove leaven from your houses, for
bl^ni \:7"Tp-Knpn pwKnn Dl^ni 16
whoever eats leavened bread from the first day -73 U2b n";nT \:;7p-K-ip)2 ""V'^^n
to the seventh day, that person shall be cut off
nu/K "qK Dnn r[\!J)j'>-i^'n \u^yb2b "^dk^
first day, and a sacred occasion on the seventh byyn '3"hl2f)3n-nKbn"i?p\^T i" -.n^b
day; no work at all shall be done on them; only D3''rilK3y-nK "'nK^fin nfn uvri
what every person is to eat, that alone may be Dl^n-nK nninu/T d"""]^^ Yl^"^
prepared for you. ^You ' shall observe the [Feast ]u;k-i3 18 :Dîv nj?n DD-inin"? nT.n
of] Unleavened Bread, for on this very day I
uv
I'^pK'n nn.yn "u/in"? -iti/y nysiKn
brought your ranks out of the land of Egypt; you
înb ant^yi nnKn Dl'' iv nV?
shall obser\'e this day throughout the ages as an
K2^?3'' i<b n'Ktz; wrii nynu/i^ :3nyn
institution for all time, 'în the first month,
from the fourteenth day of the month at eve-
nn-i3Ji nynn?? '?3k-'73 i ""s D3''ri33
ning, you shall eat unleavened bread until the niTKni nA3 bk-^p-' nnyp Kinn u/sjn
twenty-first day of the month at evening. '"^No bbn i'73Kn kb n^nn)p-'73:o :y-iKn
leaven shall be found in your houses for seven Q :ni2^D ^b2i<pi ajj^nnu/ia
days. For whoever eats what is leavened, that
person shall be cut off from the community of
Israel, whether he is a stranger or a citizen of
the country. 20Y0U shall eat nothing leavened;
b Or "protective (êring": Heb. pesah.
13b
TORAH EXODUS 12.31 BO' Kn n-i r\M^\U nmn
in all your settlements you shall eat unleavened

bread. ]K'y D3^ inpT ^5u;n nn^K
2iMoses then summoned all the elders of Is-
nnnp^T 22 npsn ûnu/T DD^nnQu/Tp^
:
rael and said to them, "Go, pick out lambs for
your families, and slaughter the passover offer-
ing. 22Take a bunch of hyssop, dip it in the
blood that is in the basin, and apply some of

iK^ri Kb anKi rjon nu/K n"irT-])p
the blood that is in the basin to the lintel and mn"" nnvT 23 ni^'n-ny in^3-nn3?3 vj^k
to the two doorposts. None of you shall go out- -bij D^n-nK riKyi bn.yn-riK ^îb
side the door of his house until morning. 23Por nin^ npDT nniTsn "niz; bv^ ^'\\:>\u)^n
when the Lord goes through to smite the Eg)^- -bi< x'n^ n^nu7?3n ]ri^ i<.b^ nnsri-'?^
tians, He will see the blood on the lintel and the
two doorposts, and the Lord will pass oven the
door and not let the Destroyer enter and smite
^^-pn^ nm nn^n-riK Dn"!)3u;i24
your home.
-bi< mnn-^3 n^m25 :D|7li;-ti7 ^''n^T
24"You shall observê this as an institution for

all time, for you and for your descendants. n5m26 :nK-Tri ninyn-riK Dnnawi
25And when you enter the land that the Lord
will give you, as He has promised, you shall ob- Kin npsj-nnT DriinKT27 :D3'7 nK-in
serve this rite. 26And when your children ask ^b'K-jti/^-ijn ^n:^-bv nps ii^k r[)n^b
you, 'What do you mean by this rite?' 2"you shall
say, 'It is the passover sacrifice to the Lord, be-
bi^Ti
cause He passed over the houses of the Israelites
in Egypt when He smote the Eg)^tians, but
^n wvy] i3'7='i2s :iinnu;;'T ayn ipn
saved our houses.'" nu/n-nx mn^ my ni^K? bi^-w"!
The people then bowed low in homage. 28And

the Israelites went and did so; just as the Lord
had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did. -b:2 n^ri n^n^y rib^bri ^ynn 1 ti^t 29
niy'^'H nvia n33?p bn.^;?? ynxn nl33

29In the middle of the night the Lord struck
n"'33 -IU7K îwri -il33 iv ii<p3-'7y
dowTi all the first-born in the land of Egypt,
ni;"!3 npjpo :n)pri3 "1I33 b'^) linn
from the first-born of Pharaoh who sat on the
throne to the first-born of the captive who was ^r\r\] nnyn-'^î inni;-'73i Kin n^^^
in the dungeon, and all the first-born of the cat- -IU7K nî i^K-^3 "'1^)33 nbi). npyy
tle. 30And Pharaoh arose in the night, with all pHKî nu/n'p Kip"!-^! :np Du;"rK
his courtiers and all the Egyptians —because
there was a loud cry' in Egypt; for there was no
house where there was not someone dead. -^'He
summoned Moses and Aaron in the night and

said, "Up, depart from among my people, you
c Or "protect"; cf. v. 11, note b.
137
TORAH EXODUS 12.31 BO' Kii n-i m?3U7 n-nn
and the Israelites with you! Go, worship the -riK nnv ^2b^ î^'^P'' ""^^'^^ QJ^^S
Lord as you said! -'-Take also your flocks and D-1J73-DA D33K'y-DJ '- : D3"i:ni3 mn""
your herds, as you said, and begone! And may
you bring a blessing upon me also!"
:''nK
-'-''The Egyptians urged the people on, impa-
tient to have them leave the country, for they
said, "We shall all be dead." ^^So the people took : wnri ij'73 npK •'3 y-)KrT-]n urib\ub
their dough before it was leavened, their knead-

ing bowls wrapped in their cloaks upon their : ny22]ij-bv Dri'7pu;3 ni-iy DniKwn
shoulders. ^^The Israelites had done Moses' bid- I'^NU/'i nu/b "in"|3 lu/y '7i<-jti/i-'nT 35
ding and borrowed from the Egyptians objects •.rib'nm 3nT ''731 ^9.?"'''?? D"'"lV'3p
of silver and gold, and clothing. 'Ând the Lord
nnyjp "ipv^. nvn in-riK ]nj n'jn"'i36
had disposed the Eg\7)tians favorably toward
the people, and they let them have their request;
thus they stripped the Egyptians.
nnsp Dp?pviJ3 '7K"iu;-'-"'jn ivp'''!37
-''The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to i^b nnnAH '^n ^bi< nikn-u;u73
Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on ]K'yT DJiK nbv 31 nny-DAi-'s :tû)p
foot, aside from children. ^sMoreover, a mixed "riK iDk''V''^ :nKn 133 njpp -ij^ni
multitude went up with them, and very much

livestock, both flocks and herds. -'Ând they
\b2i i<b^ nnynj^ ii:;i>-'3 ypn i<b ^3
baked unleavened cakes of the dough that they
-.urib wv'Kb niy-Dii npnjpnn^
had taken out of Eg\^t, for it was not leavened,
nn^yn3 i3u;^ nu/K bk-^p^ ""js 3u;im -lo
since they had been driven out of Egypt and

could not delay; nor had they prepared any pro-
"•ryi 41 : nju; nlKn y3"iKi niu; u^wbp
visions for themselves. mu; niKn vsikt nju; w^pb^j Vi?)p
40The length of time that the Israelites lived nlKîyVs iK^"; n-tn uvn byv3 •'n;'"!
in Eg)ipt was four hundred and thirty years; "iiat Kin anjau; '?"''? 42 : nnyp y-iKW mn-"
the end of the four hundred and thirtieth year, Kin nnyn V")Kn nx^'vin'? nin"''?
to the very day, all the ranks of the Lord de-
•'^J3-'73'7 an)3u; nin"""? h-rn rib^bri
parted from the land of Egypt. 42That was for
a :Dn"ii'p '^K-jtf^:'
the Lord a night of vigil to bring them out of
the land of Egypt; that same night is the Lord's,
one of vigil for all the children of Israel through- riKT pHK"! nu^b-'7K nin"" n)pK''T43
out the ages. :13 '73k'"'-k'7 -i3r]3-'73 npsH nfpn

in'K nn'^jpT c^p3-njpn u/îs i3y-'73T 44
'*3The Lord said to Moses and Aaron: This -'73K"'-k'7 'T'3U7'1 3U;in 4? : 13 b2i<^ TN
is the law of the passover offering: No foreigner K"'y1n-k'7 '73k:' "inK n''33 46 :13
shall eat of it. •'^But any slave a man has bought
kb DYVT nyin -itf;3n-]n n-isn-in
may eat of it once he has been circumcised. *^\o
bound or hired laborer shall eat of it. ^ftit shall
be eaten in one house: you shall not take any
138
TORAH EXODUS 13.8 BO- Ni r mnii; n-nn
of the flesh outside the house; nor shall you

break a bone of it. 4"The whole community of
Israel shall offer it. "iÎf a stranger who dwells
with you would offer the passover to the Lord,
all his males must be circumcised; then he shall
be admitted to offer it; he shall then be as a cit-

nnjK^ n^.n"' nnx nnln 49 :
^ Vsk'-'-k^
izen of the country. But no uncircumcised per-
son may eat of it. "i^xhere shall be one law for np^ n^v "i^K3 bKip^, ^^Tb:2 wv^^ 50
the citizen and for the stranger who dwells D :wv ]3 prrK-nKT nu/b-riK
among you.
soAnd all the Israelites did so; as the Lord had -"717 nn.y?p yiKn '7K-it?;'' "jn-riK
commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.
5iThat very day the Lord freed the Israelites
from the land of Egypt, troop by troop.
13 The Lord spoke further to Moses, saying,

^'^
2"Consecrate to Me man and
every first-born; 'nn bnV'73 -lua "ii3n-'73 ^b-]ij'ip_ 2
beast, the first issue of every womb among the
:Kin "j^ HTprrnni d"tk3 bk-w"!
Israelites is Mine."
ayri-'7K nu;n n)pK''i3
-Ând Moses said to the people,
DfiK^"' nu7K n-TH ni^n-nx -ii5t
"Remember this day, on which you went free
from Egypt, the house of bondage, how the Tj pT'nn '3 nnny rfnTp bn.Y)3?p
Lord freed you from it with a mighty hand: no 73x1 iib) nj.n 3riK mn;" k^yih
leavened bread shall be eaten. ^You go free on u;-i'n3 D-'isv'-' ^î^ Dl;'n4 :ynn
this day, in the month" of Abib. 5So, when the y")K-'7K nin;" 'jik''3''-''3 n-'m 5 : i^î^ri
Lord has brought you into the land of the Ca- "'pin"'rn înm n^^Km "'nnrn ^jyj3n
naanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Hivites,
nnr y-iK -^b nn Vo^^^ ^?^^
/> ""^^
and the Jebusites, which He swore to your fa-
riNTri n-rni/n-riK nini/T u/niT nb'n
thers to give you, a land flowing with milk and
:n;Tn \LJ'ir\2.
honey, you shall observe in this month the fol-
lowing practice: bvnT ny)p b2i<n wpi nv:ip6
^"Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, riK '73k:' •Hl^^p 7 : urn^b An "'V^'î^ri
and on the seventh day there shall be a festival -i<b^ ybn "^b ^[kyi<b^ n"'n;'n nynu;
of the Lord. ^Throughout the seven days un- niAnv^ :'q'73r'733 nxU; "^b hkt
leavened bread shall be eaten; no leavened bread
nu;y -ni mni^n -irîib i^^riri Di^n -qn^
shall be found with you, and no leaven shall be
found in all your territory. *Ând you shall ex-
plain to your son on that day, Tt is because of
a Or "on the new moon."
139
TORAH EXODUS 13.8 BO' K3 y> m)3U/ min
what the Lord did for me when I went free from

Egypt.' >3 ^""ps npT niin nMn ]vrib ^"'j-'V
^"And this shall sen'e you as a sign on your :Dny?3?3 mn"' "^kyih Tn
niîn
hand and as a reminder on your forehead'' — in
order that the Teaching of the Lord may be in
your mouth — that with a mighty hand the Lord

freed you from Egypt. 'OYou shall keep this in-
stitution at its set time from year to year. ."rib njJiJT •î^nnK^'T -^b ynu/j ~\vjk2
""And when the Lord has brought you into -b:^^ r[^p^b Dnyny3-'7D ninyrn r-
the land of the Canaanites, as He swore to you

and to your fathers, and has given it to you, nti/n nian inn "iuq-'^di 13 -.r^ynib
i-you shall set apart for the Lord every first issue
D-TK 11341 Vs") inQivi niQn k^-dkt
of the womb: ever)' male firstling that your cattle
jIP t|^ku7''-'3 n^mn :nian ^'nn
drop shall be the Lord's. '^But every firstling
pfns v^K rnwKT riKrnn nbK"? -inn
ass you shall redeem with a sheep; if you do not
redeem it, you must break its neck. And you
must redeem ever)' first-born male among your Ain:'T '^^ribpb nViQ nu;pn-'3 '>t\'''\
'5
children. iÂnd when, in time to come, your son DiK i33)p nnyn yiKn ii33-'73 nin-'
asks you, saying, 'What does this mean?' you nin""^ nn'T ''iK°]3-'7V r^'l2T\:l i133-ivt
shall say to him, 'It was with a mighty hand that
"^n 1133-'73T Qn3TrT Dnn "IU3-'73
the Lord brought us out from Eg)'pt, the house
of bondage. '5When Pharaoh stubbornly re-
T"? n'Quiu'71 *n3T-'7V nlK"? n-'ni 16
fused to let us go, the Lord slew every first-born
in the land of Egypt, the first-born of both man
and beast. Therefore I sacrifice to the Lord
every first male issue of the womb, but redeem
every first-born among my sons.'
^6"And so it shall be as a sign upon your hand

and as a symbol on your forehead that with a
mighty hand the Lord freed us from Egypt."
BE-SHALLAH n'7u;3
'''Now when Pharaoh let the people go, God Dnrk'^VbvrT-nK nvis nû;3 'n"'i 17
did not lead them by way of the land of the Phil- i<^n 31-1J7 -"s n^'riw'^Q y~)K ?|"ii D-'ri'^K
istines, although it was nearer; for God said,

nK-13 nyn nnr'is wrib^ "inx ' ^3
"The people may have a change of heart when
I W'ribii no;""! i**
: nnnyn ^2\u^ r^rpnbn
they see war, and return to Egypt." '^So God
^^v-u'>_ -i3-i?3rT îii nyn-riK
led the people roundabout, by way of the wil-
derness at the Sea of Reeds.
b Lit. "between your eyet.
c Othen 'frontlet."
140
TORAH EXODUS 14.9 BE-SHALLAH nVu/n -[•'
mJ3U7 nmn
Now the Israelites went up armed'' out of the

land of Egypt. I'Ând Moses took with him the "'3 Day cipv mayy-riK nm ni?"! 19
bones of Joseph, who had exacted an oath from

the children of Israel, saying, "God will be sure
to take notice of you: then you shall carry up
my bones from here with you."
:aDnK nm ^nbYy-nx
20They set out from Succoth, and encamped
at Etham, at the edge of the wilderness. -^The
Lord went before them in a pillar of cloud by imv:ii rlb^b^ ^-iin urimb py imv:!
day, to guide them along the way, and in a pillar '.r[b''b) ur2V hd'?^ ur\b "i^kh"? ^k
of fire by night, to give them light, that they imv) uhv ~]ji7n imv ^/''p^-k'p 22
might travel day and night. -^The pillar of cloud

Q :nvn ^:^b n'7-'7 u/kh
by day and the pillar of fire by night did not de-
part from before the people.
14 The Lord said to Moses: ^Tell the Is- :ijpK'7 n\u')2-bi<. nin^ nniî I
raelites to turn back and encamp before ''Jd'7 ^hw) ^nu7î "'7K"j\^'' •'J3-'7k nni2
Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea, be-
^y? ^jab' D^n pni b'lm ]"'3 nn-'nn ^b
fore Baal-zephon; you shall encamp facing it,
ny"i5 nnKi-^ ÎTi'bv ijnn in^j fny
by the sea. ^Pharaoh will say of the Israelites,
"i^p ynxn nn n^pnj bk-i\u^ ^nb
"They are astray in the land; the wilderness has
nyns-n'^-riK ^riprni 4 :i3i72rT an"''?^
closed in on them." ^Then I will stiffen Phar-
aoh's heart and he will pursue them, that I may
gain glorv' through Pharaoh and all his host; and
the Egyptians shall know that I am the Lord.
And they did so.

'ilQrr'fDyn nnn '3 nny?3 q^n'? hA;"! 5
5When the king of Egypt was told that the
npK""! DVC^'^^K innvT nVi? nn^
people had fled, Pharaoh and his courtiers had
"^Kntz/^-riK ijn'7U7-'3 ^ribv nxrnp
a change of heart about the people and said,
iKJvriKi i33"i-nK ipKÎ^ :iJi3V)a
"What is this we have done, releasing Israel from
our service?" ^He ordered" his chariot and took
his men with him; "he took six hundred of his :i^3-'7V n]ub\u) Dnyn nan b'^']
picked chariots, and the rest of the chariots of n_y^3 T|^)3 ny-)Q n^riK nin^ p-tnîs
Egypt, with officers'' in all of them. ''^The Lord bk'W^ ^jm bi<.']iu^ "ijn nnx r]'"i"iî
stiffened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and Dny)3 iQ^n'T^ :n?3"i tb n-'Ky"'
he gave chase to the Israelites. As the Israelites
were departing defiantly,'' ^the Eg\'ptians gave
d Meaning of Heb. hamushim uncertain.
a See on Gen. 46.29.

b Heb. shalish; originally "third man on royal chariot"; hence
"adjutant," "officer."
"
c Lit. "with upraised hand.
141
TORAH EXODUS 14.9 BE-SHALLAH nbv;^ T" ^[^'^2\U n-nn
chase to them, and all the chariot horses of Phar- u^n-bv w^p bniK w^^''^ nn''nnK
aoh, his horsemen, and his warriors overtook ^^^-by '\b^m pw^qt rivi^ nDibiD-Vs
them encamped by the sea, near Pi-hahiroth,
:]Qy bv:i ^jq"? ni-inn
before Baal-zephon.
-riK b'knw-'-'jn^Ku;''"! nnpn nV-iQi lo
iÂs Pharaoh drew near, the Israelites caught
DnnnK ypj i nnyn mm Drfrv
sight of the Egyptians advancing upon them.
Greatly frightened, the Israelites cried out to the
Lord. "And they said to Moses, "Was it for "I^K ''^nnn nu;>3-'7K nipK""! 1
1 : mn^
want of graves in Egypt that you brought us to
die in the wilderness? What have you done to : anv^P i3N"'yln'7 i:^ rr-u/y nK'rmp
us, taking us out of Egypt? '-Is this not the very •^•''^K iniiT '-i\z;n inin nT-k'7n 12
thing we told you in Egypt, saying, 'Let us be,

riK n-tnv,j") 13)2P 'în inx"? bnynn
and we will serve the Egyptians, for it is better
nni^p-riK ini; hb niu -"a anyn
for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the
wilderness'?" '-''But Moses said to the people,
"Have no fear! Stand by, and witness the de- nyiuz-'-nK ik-it inîrin ^Kn^n-'7K
liverance which the Lord will work for you to- nu7K '3 ni^n wîb nu/y^—iu/k r[)r[-^
day; for the Egyptians whom you see today you iD-'pn i<b Di^'H nny)p-nK nn-'Ni
will never see again. '''The Lord will battle for Dp^"' mm '4 :Dîy-iv -riy nK-1'7
you; you hold your peace!"
Q :]i\:;-inn nnxi D3^
'-"^Then the Lord said to Moses, "Why do you
''bK pyyn-n)p r[pi2-bi< r[)r[^ "inK^T 1?
cry out to Me? Tell the Israelites to go forward.

iÂnd you lift up your rod and hold out your
arm over the sea and split it, so that the Israelites ÎT^'bv 'ii'iynK nujT "ûn-riK Din
may march into the sea on dry ground. '''And
I will stiffen the hearts of the Egyptians so that nb-riK p-mp ijjn ""Jki'^ :nu;ii:'3
they go in after them; and I will gain glory ny~iD3 n-rn3KT nnnriK iK'nî nny?3
through Pharaoh and all his warriors, his char-
iots and his horsemen. '^Let the Egyptians know

ni7"!D3 """Tnann mn*' "'Jk-'? nnyn
that I am Lord, when I gain glory through Phar-
aoh, his chariots, and his horsemen."

^jd"? ^'^br[r:[ D^n'^Kn ~\i<.b)2 yo""! '**
'•^The angel who had been going

of God,
ahead of the Israelite army, now moved and fol- yD"! Dnn.riK)? tiît bk'^\u^> mnp
lowed behind them; and the pillar of cloud : nnnriKP ibyîi nrr'JBn ']jyn imv
shifted from in front of them and took up a place mnn y2^ nni^n njn?p 1 y:i xnî :o
behind them, -"and it came between the army -riK -IK';"! T]u;nni pyn 'rrTi '^kiu/"'
of the Egyptians and the army of IsraeL Thus
: n'7'''?n-'73 nrbif, n: 2.^p-i<.b^ nS'-i'^n
there was the cloud with the darkness, and it
cast a spell'' upon the night, so that the one could

not come near the other all through the night.
"
<i From root 'rr, "cast a spell" or "cunt. " Others "and it lit up.
14:
'
TORAH EXODUS 14.31 BE-SHALLAH n'7U7n T- n^^^2\U n-nn
2iThen Moses held out his arm over the sea

and the Lord drove back the sea with a strong
east wdnd all that night, and turned the sea into
iwizri lypn"'! nnnn^ RÎO'-Hk niul^
dry ground. The waters were split, 22and the Is-
raelites went into the sea on dr}' ground, the wa-

: D'7K?3WpT ClJ"')3^p HTpn Urib D"')3rTl
ters forming a wall for them on their right and
Dip ^3 DPinnK ix'n^T bn.y)p iqî='T23
on their left. 23The Egyptians came in pursuit
after them into the sea, all of Pharaoh's horses, ^'rT"'T 24 : D-iri 'qirT'7K vu/nsT inp"! ny"i3
chariots, and horsemen. 24At the morning

watch, the Lord looked down upon the Egyp-
tian army from a pillar of fire and cloud, and i^nna-in ]qk hk "10^125 :DnY)p
threw the Egyptian army into panic. 25He
HDiJK nn^Jp *'T?i<'''T rinnpn imnri
locked'' the wheels of their chariots so that they
urib Dn'7j r[)r[^ ""s bk'w^ ""jbtp
moved forward with difficulty. And the Egyp-
tians said, "Let us flee from the Israelites, for
the Lord is fighting for them against Egypt."
26Then the Lord said to Moses, "Hold out -^7:7 Dnyn-^y b-')3n ^:lp1^ niri-bv
your arm over the sea, that the waters may come iT-riK nu;b u"! 27 :T'\^-i3-'7V1 inp")
back upon the Egyptians and upon their char- ijrr'K^ nj7'ii nlJQ'7 n^n 3u;î n^n-'^v
iots and upon their horsemen." 27Moses held "HK mn^ nyri iriK-jp^ n^pj "nyni
out his arm over the sea, and at daybreak the
ippT) D^?3n ^:l\Lj)^ --><
:n=jn "qinn Dny?3
sea returned to its normal state, and the Egyp-
'7"'n V^b D-'U/nsn-riKi bDnn-nx
tians fled at its approach. But the Lord hurled
the Egyptians into the sea. 28The waters turned
back and covered the chariots and the horse- ^^bn bK'W'' 'nT29 nnx-ny nnn
men —Pharaoh's entire army that followed nnn nn^ u^T^ri) D^n "qlnii nu;3:i3
them into the sea; not one of them remained.

29But the Israelites had marched through the sea bK'^\u^-ni<. i<,'\r[n nv:^ mn"" vu;1='i3o
on dry ground, the waters forming a wall for
them on their right and on their left.

i^riTiK bkyiJ"! x"iî3i -.n^n nQ\:7-'7V
30Thus the Lord delivered Israel that day
iK-i""! Dn.ypp nin^ nu/y iu^k nbi^ri
from the Eg^'ptians. Israel saw the Eg)'ptians
dead on the shore of the sea. -"^lAnd when Israel
saw the wondrous power which the Lord had Q : nny

wielded against the Egyptians, the people feared
the Lord; they had faith in the Lord and His
servant Moses.
e From root "sr, with ie\'eral ancient versions. Others "took u^<^^^ iwV ]iy'jm in'^no v. 25.
off.
143
^^^'l2i<'>^ nin-"^ nwrr n-i-'ii^n-riK '^kiw^ ""bT nu;b-i"'\^^ tk I w
DID HK^ nKr">3 nin""^ iTl"'î< *"i''?i<'?
'^-'rT') n^ n-inTi '•Ty 2 : n^^n nw") inp'Ti
"innpi np ni^ i^-'m ny"!3 nn3-in •»

:i)3W
D-inn riîK^ ninv :3i1k yv'^n mn^
1^-1)33 n^j D-in in-)i;j '"^--SK
-ipK9 :D,r^^^ nmn iKQi? n"'^p
nDU7jio :-'iT inu/nln ""inn pnK 'u/qj
p nin'' b'^Kn *n3')33"'p 11 :Dn-'ii<
ni^V ri^nn k"i1j u/iiJii -i"ikj *n3'a3
"^n iiin^ n'-pv ^VP!f^ "'*

''^V'^Pr
•'Dl'^K l'7n3J TK 15 :^^'?3 '?^"' THK
unj ivi iwjnKT 3Kln ^'7"'k dIik
nnp"'K urjibv b'ân if> '?^'"' ^'^

:1V,P
"TV ]3K3 ipi^ j]yi-iT Vn^n inQi
iray iny^-iv mn^ "^12^ iny^
]13D -rin^m nnn i)3i;urii i?3]<3n 17 :n-'jj7
1JJ13 'Jiff; u/ipp mn"" ri^vs ^n3u;b'
:"iy") ab'y^ :j'7p"' 1 mnî« i^"-!^
na'yna K"'m ,ij'7u/ T-n ana •dV n-cu/n miy > /
141
—— —
TORAH EXODUS 15.18 BE-SHALLAH
15 Then Moses and the Israelites sang this song to the Lord. They said:
I will sing to the Lord, for He has triumphed gloriously;
Horse and driver He has hurled into the sea.
2The Lord" is my strength and might;''
He is my deliverance.
become
This my God and will enshrine*^ Him;
is I
The God of my father, and I will exalt Him.

3The Lord, the Warrior
Lord is His name!
^Pharaoh's chariots and his army
He has cast into the sea;
And the pick of his officers
Are drowned in the Sea of Reeds.
5The deeps covered them;
They went down into the depths like a stone.
6Your right hand, O Lord, glorious in power,
Your right hand, O Lord, shatters the foe!
7In Your great triumph You break Your opponents;
You send forth Your fury, it consumes them like straw.
8At the blast of Your nostrils the waters piled up,
The floods stood straight like a wall;
The deeps froze in the heart of the sea.
9The foe said,
"I will pursue, I will overtake,
I will divide the spoil;
My desire shall have its fill of them.
I will bare my sword
My hand shall subdue them."
lOYou made Your wind blow, the sea covered them;
They sank like lead in the majestic waters.
iiWho You, O Lord, among the celestials;''
is like
Who You, majestic in holiness,
is like
Awesome in splendor, working wonders!
i2You put out Your right hand.
The earth swallowed them.
i3In Your love You lead the people You redeemed;
In Your strength You guide them to Your holy abode.
i^The peoples hear, they tremble;
Agony grips the dwellers in Philistia.
isNow are the clans of Edom dismayed;
The tribes of Moab trembling grips them; —
All the dwellers in Canaan are aghast.
i6Terror and dread descend upon them;
Through the might of Your arm they are still as stone
Till Your people cross over, O Lord,
Till Your people cross whom You have ransomed.

iTYou will bring them and plant them in Your own mountain.
The place You made to dwell in, O Lord,
The sanctuary, O Lord, which Your hands established.
i^The Lord will reign for ever and ever!
145 a Hel). Yah. h Others "song." c Others "glorify." d Others "mighty."

TORAH EXODUS 15.19 BE-SHALLAH nh\i;:i iu n^'n\U min
•'^For the horses of Pharaoh, with his chariots D^3 vu/nQni 1331^1 ny-iE> did k3 ""a 19
and horsemen, went into the sea; and the Lord

turned back on them the waters of the sea; but
iD^n
E3 :D=jrT "linn nu/n^n '7k~)u;"'
the Israelites marched on dr\' ground in the
midst of the sea.

pHK nlfiK HK-'n^n nnn 'ni?rn.2o
20Then Miriam the prophetess, Aaron's sis-
ter, took a timbrel in her hand, and all the UT}b ]yrivi:ri'7npm D^snn nnriK
women went out after her in dance with tim-
brels. -'And Miriam chanted for them:
Sing to the Lord, for He has triumphed glo-

:np nnn in^-n did
D
riously;
Horse and driver He has hurled into the sea.

IKY"! iqiD"a:'>p''7K"!U7"'-nK np'n vd"! 2:
22Then Moses caused Israel to set out from

the Sea of Reeds. They went on into the wil-
derness of Shur; they traveled three days in the nnip ""a rrvpri b"")? rinpb ^bî i<b^
wilderness and found no water. --^They came to Dvn îb'!^ 2a -.

nijp n?pu;-K-ii7 ]2-bv nn
Marah, but they could not drink the water of pyyîss :nn\^rn)3 inx^ npi^-b:;
Marah because it was bitter; that is why it was
-bK ^'^b\L;'>^ yv nin^ innl='"! nin"'-'?^
named Marah.'' 24And the people grumbled
against Moses, saying, "What shall we drink?"
25So he cried out to the Lord, and the Lord iiHDJ u\u) U3u;ni pn ^b Dtp du;
showed him a piece of wood; he threw it into nyn"! 1 "71^^ ynu/ri i7in\f;-Dx°"iKiK'''!26
the water and the water became sweet. njTKni nti/vn rry^ ^^^j'>^^ "^"'n'^N
There He made for them a fixed rule, and 7\bn)pr[-b3 vi?n-'73 niau/i vni^^n"?
there He put them to the test. -("He said, "If you
will heed the Lord your God diligently, doing

what is upright in His sight, giving ear to His
commandments and keeping all His laws, then
I will not bring upon you any of the diseases
-bv nu7-ijn:iT nnnn n-iyni:;! d^d
:D''?3n
that I brought upon the Egyptians, for I the
Lord am your healer."
2"And they came to Elim, where there were

twelve springs of water and seventy palm trees;
and they encamped there beside the water.
e I.e., "biner."
146
TORAH EXODUS 16.10 BE-SHALLAH nVu/n Tu mJDW nmn
16 Setting out from Elim, the whole IsraeHte

community came to the wilderness of Sin,
which is between Elim and Sinai, on the

fifteenth day of the second month after their
departure from the land of Egypt. 2in the

r[\LJ'r2-bv hK'ip'^-in niv-b^ iJl'?"!
wilderness, the whole Israelite community
grumbled against Moses and Aaron. ^The
"js nn'7K nipK'"!-^ nniâ^ pnx'î'l
Israelites said to them, "If only we had died by ynxn nirr:'-T:i ^:nm ]n^-^)2 bk'W'>
the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt, when ij'^pKn "iti/nrr '^^>v-bv \:in:ip:i nnyjp
we sat by the fleshpots, when we ate our fill of
bread! For you have brought us out into this njn ^rTi7ri-'73-nK n-inn^ nkn nniTpn
wilderness to star\'e this whole congregation to
death."
4And the Lord said to Moses, "I will rain
down bread for you from the sky, and the people
shall go out and gather each day that day's n-iln^ \'7:'n ihdjk ]vr2b l?bl^3 Wi]
portion — that I may thus test them, to see

whether they will foUow My instructions or not.
5But on the sixth day, when they apportion what f"nr;Ki nu/b n?px^T6 d -.nv \ uv
they have brought in, it shall prove to be double
mn;' ''3
nnvi^"! ÎV "^^1^;^^ 'jr'73-'7K
the amount they gather each day." ^So Moses
-i|7'fn7 :nny)3 ynKn o^nx x^yin
and Aaron said to all the Israelites, "By evening
you shall know it was the Lord who brought

you out from the land of Egypt; ând in the
morning you shall behold the Presence" of the "mn"' nnn nm -upKîj :^r^y ij^^n
Lord, because He has heard your grumblings if^nn nnb) h'iîib nwn nnva U2b
against the Lord. For who are we that you
should grumble against us? ^Since it is the
Lord," Moses continued, "who will give you
flesh to eat in the evening and bread in the
morning to the full, because the Lord has heard
mn*' 'js'p ^nip bi^'^P^ "'J^ niv
the grumblings you utter against Him, what is
our part? Your grumbling is not against us, but

•^^'[3 'n-'Tio : D3-'n':i'7ri nx ur2\u '3
against the Lord!" ^JD''! '7K"1U;"'""'J3 n"iy-'73-'7K pHK

9Then Moses said to Aaron, "Say to the whole HKnj nin*' nl33 nam nm)3n-'7K
Israelite community: Advance toward the
Lord, He has heard your grumbling." lOAnd
for
as Aaron spoke to the whole Israelite commu-

nity, they turned toward the wilderness, and
a Others "glory."
147
TORAH EXODUS 16.10 BE-SH ALLAH n'7u;n tu niDW n-nn
there, in a cloud, appeared the Presence of the

Lord. nil îH^']^'' ''^^ mi'^nTiK "Tiypu; '2
'
'The Lord spoke to Moses: '-"I have heard
the grumbUng of the Israelites. Speak to them
and say: By evening you shall eat flesh, and in
:npTl'7K mn''
the morning you shall have your fill of bread;
-jiK DDni i^ti/n bvn) niyn "n^"! 13
and you shall know that I the Lord am your
God."
n-ino b\Dri nnpu; hrriri "ijînT mroan
'Mn the evening quail appeared and covered n|ni bvri nnD\:; bvn)^^ ^^.^C^"?
the camp; in the morning there was a fall of dew iQ33 p"! DQonn pT ini)3n 'J3"'7y
about the camp. '^When the fall of dew lifted,
there, over the surface of the wilderness, lay a

^V11 i<h "ip Kin ]'n Vfik-'tk u/"'k
fine and
ground. ''^When the
flaky substance, as fine as frost
Israelites saw it,

on the
they said
Dn'pri Kin Dn'7K hm nnKî Kin-nn
to one another, "What is it?"'' — for they did not
know what And Moses said to them,

it was.
"q"? u/^k 13)3)3 ^v^?b nin*" my i\ui<.
"That is the bread which the Lord has given you
to eat. "^This is what the Lord has commanded: :ini7n i^HK^ "l\i^K^ ^'K
Gather as much of it as each of you requires to nn-iTsn lup"?"). bi<.'y{u'> '>n p'û^V""! '^
eat, an omer to a person for as many of you as

^ci-i-ivn i<b) "^^^^ raî'*' :U"'y)3)3rTi
there are; each of you shall fetch for those in -ip^ iij-'K T'pnn Kb uiy^P^pni nn~i)3n
his tent."
'"The Israelites did so, some gathering much,

iy)3U7-k'7V() :npn"ii7 ijinp nnp-'7K
some little. "<But when they measured it by the
onier, he who had gathered much had no excess,
and he who had gathered little had no Dri'7i7 ri'^p'T u/Nn^'i D''y^"in Ull^
deficiency: they had gathered as much as they :nw)3
needed to eat. 'Ând Moses said to them, "Let •"Qa uz-iK "ipii3 np33 in'K lup'^'vi
no one leave any of it over until morning." ôRut Dl^n :D)3J1 l^^nwn Drn i'7DK
I
'iT'l-^^
they paid no attention to Moses; some of them
-inyn ""ju; nju/?3 nn^ lup^ -"li/ii/n
left of it until morning, and it became infested
with maggots and stank. And Moses was angry

131 "iu;k Kin Dn'?><: inK"! 23 : nu/b^
with them.
-'So they gathered it every morning, each as
much as he needed to eat; for when the sun grew

hot, it would melt. --On the sixth day they gath-
ered double the amount of food, two omers for
each; and when all the chieftains of the com-

munity came and told Moses, -'he said to them,
"This is what the Lord meant: Tomorrow is a
h //W). man hu; others "It is manna.'
148
TORAH EXODUS 16.36 be-shallah n'^wn Tu nMQ\u n-nn
day of rest, a holy sabbath of the Lord. Bake

what you would bake and boil what you would
boil; and all that is left put aside to be kept until
-"fV in'K in"'3:'"!24 :-ij7'3n-ii7 n-inu;)p^
morning." 24So they put it aside until morning,
as Moses had ordered; and it did not turn foul,

and there were no maggots in it. 25Then Moses
h\u')2 "i)3k'^125 :^ nn^n-iib njp"!")
said, "Eat it today, for today is a sabbath of the

uvri n)wb nvri mu;-'3 al% in^SK
Lord; you wUl not find it today on the plain. u^'n] n\ij\ij 26 :n'i.ti75 inKynn k^
26Sixdays you shall gather it; on the seventh day,
the sabbath, there will be none." :ln
2"Yet some of the people went out on the sev-
enth day to gather, but they found nothing.
nin^ "i)pK''i28 D :iK^)p iib) v^bb
28And the Lord said to Moses, "How long will
niyp 'i'Dpb ariJKp njK-iy nu;")3-'7K
you men refuse to obey My commandments
My hsii^n D^^ ]nj nin^-'3 iki 29 ; inhlni
and teachings? 29Mark that the Lord has
given you the sabbath; therefore He gives you Dn'7 "'Wri ni"? n^b' ]nj Kin ]3-bv
two days' food on the sixth day. Let everyone ]Lj^K KYv'7K vnrir\ \u^k I
^'2^j u^'t2V
remain where he is: let no one leave his place uvn ^nîf/'po :
'i7''3\f7n nv^ lJp'pJ3?p
on the seventh day." 30So the people remained :"'yn\i7rT uv:^

inactive on the seventh day.
Kim i)3U7-nK '7K-it^^-n"'n
])2 'o^î.p'!] 31
31 The house of Israel named it manna;'ît was
:\:;niii nn^^y? iJpvyi ]^b ia y-)T3
like coriander seed, white, and it tasted like
nin^ niY n\^K hn^rr ni r[\u'i2 '^l2i<''^ 32
wafers'' in honey. 32Moses said, "This is what
the Lord has commanded: Let one omer of it
D3"'n'nn'7 n'^)2^j)2b iii)2?p n^pyn k^d
be kept throughout the ages, in order that they 'n^pKn "IU7K nn^n-riK ik-i;' i \vr2b
may see the bread that I fed you in the wilderness

when I brought you out from the land of Egypt." np_ pnK-'7K nm n)3K'''i33 :D"'"iy)p
33And Moses said to Aaron, "Take a jar, put one nnx rijyjy
]p -i)p'i7n-K'7jp nTpuz-ini
omer of manna in it, and place it before the
n-iTpu/jp^ n)^^ 'jab' ln"K mrri
Lord, to be kept throughout the ages." ^Âs the
nu7b-'7K mn'' ni2f "iu;k3 34 : n3''n'ii^
Lord had commanded Moses, Aaron placed it
: n"i.)p\;;)p^ nivTi ^)^b I'lriK inn"'$:ii

before the Pact,^ to be kept. ^SAnd the Israelites
ate manna forty years, until they came to a set-
D-'j/nnx i?3n-nK iV3k bk'W'> \n^ 35
tled land; they ate the manna until they came ^]?3n-nK rinu;ij ynx-b^N nKnnv nju;
to the border of the land of Canaan. -^^The omer :]VJ3 y"iK nyp-'7K nk:riv i'73k
is a tenth of an ephah. 3 :Kin r[^'>i<,r[ n^^\uv '^)2vr^î6
c Heb. man.
d Meaning of Heb. sappihith uncertain.
e Others "Testimony."
149
lORAH EXODUS 17.1 BE-SHALLAH nVu/n f ^\^'n\U n-nn
17 From the wilderness of Sin the whole
Israelite community continued by stages as the
Lord would command. They encamped at

: Dyn nn\LJb n^n i^kt d''TQ"i3 ^2n'>^
Rephidim, and there was no water for the people
^2b-^2n nnK"! nu/n-DV bvn 2.'v^'-
to drink. -The people quarreled with Moses.
"HW nu/n U7}b ink''"! T^n^J2^ D^n
"Give us water to drink," they said; and Moses
replied to them, "Why do you quarrel with me?
Why do you tr>' the Lord?" ^But the people
thirsted there for water; and the people
grumbled against Moses and said, "Why did
you bring us up from Egypt, to kill us and our
children and livestock with thirst?" ''Moses nn

uyp liv n|.ri uvb ntz/VK -ir^Kb
cried out to the Lord, saying, "What shall I do
with this people? Before long they will be
stoning me!" -"^Then the Lord said to Moses,
"Pass before the people; take with you some of

the elders of Israel, and take along the rod with -bv I Dii7 ^'js'? lay ""jjn ^ : n2b^[^
which you struck the Nile, and set out. Î will i3)3?p wy^T myn rr'sni binî myn
be standing there before you on the rock at "PV^ '^^^ 1? ^V!*! D„V'7 '^^V^') °"'P
Horeb. Strike the rock and water will issue from nop Dlpjpn aii/ Knpî : Vk-ju/"" ""Ji^T
it, and the people will drink." And Moses did

nnnni
n'DJ bi;^ bkyu-> -"jn i nn-b'v
so in the sight of the elders of Israel. ''The place
was named Massah" and Meribah,'' because the

Israelites quarreled and because they tried the
Lord, saying, "Is the Lord present among us
or not?" '7K"iti;"'-ni; Dn"?""! pb'DV Knî«

~inn yu/in-'-b'N n\^n "ink''"! ^ m^Qia
:
«Amalek came and fought with Israel at ^^nn pjpjpyn nn^n k:^t dû/jk Mb
Rephidim. ''Moses said to Joshua, "Pick some
m'en for us, and go out and do battle with Am-
"iiyK3 vu/in'' u/v"."!'" :''l?^ Tl'^Nn
alek. Tomorrow I will station myself on the top
my
niybi p'^jpy^ Dp^nb' nwb i'7-iaK
of the hill, with the rod of God in hand."
'ojoshua did as Moses told him and fought with
Amalek, while Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up '7kiu;t nnjiT n^ nwb nn^ ~ii^k3
to the top of the hill. "Then, whenever Moses n\^')3 'T.''i 1^ : pbuv ~i3Ji"! n^ n-'r lU'Kp'i
held up his hand, Israel prevailed; but whenever 3iy''.1 rnnn in^w^T i3K-inp''"! D''~r33
he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed. '-But -rriK HTTP T'ii3 ^3nn "i^ni pri^!^"^ ^^b:;
Moses' hands grew heavy; so they took a stone
and put it under him and he sat on it, while
a I.e., "Tnal."
h I.e.. "(Jtuirrel.'
»
TORAH EXODUS 18.8 YITRO '^^^n^' n-' m?2U7 min
Aaron and Hur, one on each side, supported his K3-1V mi)3K VII V^- "fO^ •î^'l
hands; thus his hands remained steady until the

sun set. i3And Joshua overwhelmed the people
of Amalek"^ with the sword.
jlnsT riKT Ins n\i;b-'7x nin-' "ink'*"! h
i4Then the Lord said to Moses, "Inscribe this
nnn-ia vu/in^ -"jiKn uîp) -laon
in a document as a reminder, and read it aloud
to Joshua: I will utterly blot out the memory of :n'>'n\uri nnnn p^r2V "i^ttik nnuK
Amalek from under heaven! " Ând Moses built i I
npT mp K-ji?'! nnm n\^b ]n='ii5
an altar and named it Adonai-nissi.'^ i^He said,
"It means, 'Hand upon the throne^'of the Lord!' Q :i"i niJ3 p'^nys mn-''?
The Lord will be at war with Amalek through-
out the ages."
-I Q YITRO
XO Jethro priest of Midian, Moses' father- ]ri"n )i'i'n jnb inn*' iJhp"} I I
in-law, heard all that God had done for Moses r[\LJ')2b h^ribK niuv "iu;k-'73 nK nî/b
and for Israel His people, how the Lord had
-riK mn^ K"'yln-'3 mv bK'ivj-'b^
brought Israel out from Egypt. ^So Jethro,
nu7b jnn 1-iri"' nj?"'] 2 : nn^^sp bK'iii;';
Moses' father-in-law, took Zipporah, Moses'
:rT^niVu7 -ipK nu;')3 n\uK ni^y-riK
wife, after she had been sent home, ând her
two sons — of whom one was named Gershom, h]Lj^} "friKn up -i\i7K rfn ^:ip n^) 3
that is to say, "I have been a stranger" in a up"] ^ :
nii22 ynxn 'n-'^ri ia -ddk "^3
foreign land"; 4and the other was named njva ""nK "'rt'7K-'3 "iTv'pK ^^KÎ
Eliezer,^ meaning, "The God of my father was ]nn inn;' kS^ts :n'y"!3 nnn)? ''2b^{'^^
my help, and He delivered me from the sword "iiT)3ri-'7K nu7n-'7K ln\^Ki vn^ nu/b
of Pharaoh." 5jethro, Moses' father-in-law,
:a''nVKn nn n\u nin Kirrnu/K
brought Moses' sons and wife to him in the
wilderness, where he was encamped at the
mountain of God. ^He sent word to Moses, "I,
your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you,

'\by\u'>) innu;"! ijn'n riK'ii?'? nu;b
with your wife and her two sons." ''Moses went ikn^l u)b\LJb ^nv-)b-\i)-'K i^ku/"!
out to meet his father-in-law; he bowed low and : n^nxn

kissed him; each asked after the other's welfare, nu7V -i\i;K-'73 nK ijn'n^ h\u'T2 -i3p;'i
and they went into the tent.

'7K"ii:7^ nilK ^7^ ny?p'7T nyi3^ hin"'
8Moses then recounted to his father-in-law
'iin'is DnKY?3 -iu;k nK^nrT-'73 riK
everything that the Lord had done to Pharaoh
and to the Egyptians for Israel's sake, all the
c Lit. "Amalek and his people."
d I.e., "The Lord is my banner."

e Meaning ofHeb. kes uncertain.
a Heb. ger.
"
b Lit. "(My) God is help.
151
TORAH EXODUS 18.8 YITRO ^^^^\•' n-" mDW nmn
hardships that had befallen them on the way, nniun-"?!) b:j inn"' in='"! -* -.
mn"' a'py"!
and how the Lord had delivered them. Ând
the kindness that the
Jethro rejoiced over all
7[)TT> "^nn 'lirr' "17?^'''"! 1" tan^^n Tn
Lord had shown Israel when He delivered them i^m nnyp i".?? n,3rii< b''^r\ -)\ui<.
from the Egyptians. io"Blessed be the Lord,"

nnnrp nyn-riK Vyn '^v)i< nVl?
Jethro said, "who delivered you from the Eg\'p-
nyn-i '7iir"'3 "'n vi? nnv i
: nnvP'i?
and from Pharaoh, and who delivered the
'
tians
people from under the hand of the Eg\T7tians.

11 Now know that
I the Lord is greater than all nb'v nu7b jnn iin;' nj?"!'- :DrT"''7y
gods, '-yes, by the result of their ven*- schemes

against [the people]."' '-And Jethro, Moses'
father-in-law, brought a burnt otYering and lU^ribii^n

sacrifices for God; and Aaron came with all the
elders of Israel to partake of the meal before God

-riN vB\ub nu/D nu/'i nnnrap ^nî '3
with Moses' father-in-law.
-ii7'3n-]p n'^'T2-bv byrr lav:"! uvn
i-'Next day, Moses sat as magistrate among -b:2 n>; nu;b jnn ki:'"!'-' i^nyn-ii;
the people, while the people stood about Moses

from morning until evening. i-*But when Mo- nriK VTi)? Dv^ nU/y nriK -i^;k n^n
ses' father-in-law saw how much he had to do ^^''"'
-ii7'3-])p q"'^y n^j °i'0"'^^l TO^
for the people, he said, "WTiat is this thing that
you are doing to the people? Why do you act''

nnrn-13 16 :D"'n'7N \i^''Mb ayn •''^k
alone, while all the people stand about you from
morning until evening?" '

-'•Moses replied to his
father-in-law, "It is because the people come to "HKi ^n'7Nn 'iP.rrnK ""nviini inyn
me to inquire of God. '^When they have a dis- : vn^^^n
'"
pute, it comes before me, and I decide between -in"nn "iîu-k'? vbi<, nvj'n ]nn "inK'-i
one person and another, and I make known the nnN-DJ "^'iin Vnji^ :nwy nn^ nu/K
laws and teachings of God."
-]y2'n in3""'3 "qiav ~i\^k nT.n nvrr-DA
i"But Moses' father-in-law said to him, "The
nnv'^ :'înb' intz/v '^Din-K'r inin
thingyou are doing is not right; i^you will surely
wear yourself out, and these people as well. For
the task is too heavy for you; you cannot do it

riKnrii D"'n'7Ki7 bm uijb nn]< n'>n
alone. '^Now listen to me. I will give you coun- : av'^Kri-'^K nnnirT"nN nriK
sel, and God be with you! You represent the peo- -HNT D-'i^nrTTiK DrTDK nrnntm :o
ple before God: you bring the disputes before ^2b^', -]-nrT-nK nn"? nyiim nnnn
God, -<Jand enjoin upon them the laws and the nriKi-i :]û/v? "i^f^ nu/yrarrnKT nn
teachings, and make known to them the way
they are to go and the practices they are to fol-
low. -'You shall also seek out from among all
Sieamng of Heb. uni:eTtatn.
Lit. 'ill" ai magiitratr. cf. v. I}.
152
TORAH EXODUS 19.6 YITRO nn-' V miau; nmn
the people capable men who fear God, trust- nntz/T yyn î<.i\u npK w2k n^ribK
worthy men who spurn ill-gotten gain. Set these n.u; niK)3 nt:; b^Q^x n.U7 nrjhv
over them as chiefs of thousands, hundreds,
-riK iuQu;i22 :n'"itz;v ntî a"'\i7j3n
fifties, and tens, and --let them judge the people
at all times. Have them bring every major dis-
pute to you, but let them decide every minor

dispute themselves. Make it easier for yourself
-riK DK23 -.r^nK IKU/JT ^^'pyp ^î?m
by letting them share the burden with you. 23if
you do this —and God so commands you —you

will be able to bear up; and all these people too :ni'pu7n
will go home unwearied." 73 vjvh unn 'îp'? nm i7J3U7'i24
24Moses heeded his father-in-law and did just
as he had said. 25Moses chose capable men out
'ov'n-bv D"'\f7Kn ariK inî bK'W'>-b3'i2
of all Israel, and appointed them heads over the
people — chiefs of thousands, hundreds, fifties,
and tens; 26and they judged the people at all
times: the difficult matters they would bring to
Moses, and all the minor matters they would nûr-ii 27 : DPI luiQu/T ]ui?ri nn'irT-'73'i
decide themselves. 27Xhen Moses bade his fa-
ther-in-law farewell, and he went his way to his
own land.
19 On the third new moon after the Isra- -^J3 riKY"? ^^^b\ijr\ \u~(n:i w
elites had gone forth from the land of Egypt, on ik;3 n-TH uv:^ Q'^'nVP V"!K)3 bi<-i\ui
that very day, they entered the wilderness of Si-
nai. 2Having journeyed from Rephidim, they

entered the wilderness of Sinai and encamped
-bK r[bv nyj'mi :"inn i^^ bi<np';
in the wilderness. Israel encamped there in front
of the mountain, ând Moses went up to God.
'^'r[7i-]'n mn^ vb^ Knp'i DTi'^Kri
The Lord called to him from the mountain, say- ^nb TiAJii npy;" n^nyn)3xh ns inK"?
ing, "Thus shall you say to the house of lacob 'ri"'u;y nu/K nn^K"! ^î^^ î^']^^''
and declare to the children of Israel: 'I'You have

seen what I did to the Egyptians, how I bore you
on eagles' wings and brought you to Me. SNow
then, if you will obey Me faithfully and keep My
1^-13 Dinvn-b'Bjp y^b^V "lb an^m
covenant, you shall be My treasured possession
nD"?)??? ^'î^nii nnKT^ :y"iKC'"'^?
among all the peoples. Indeed, all the earth is
Mine, ^but you shall be to Me a kingdom of

priests and a holy nation.' These are the words : bi<.-]\u'> 'jn-'^K nmn
that you shall speak to the children of Israel."
153
TORAH EXODUS 19.7 YITRO 1-irT' u-" mniz; n-nn
7Moses came and summoned the elders of the Dtz;;;i Di/n '':p'\b Kip""! n^p'u K'nîv
people and put before them all that the Lord

had commanded him. ^Âll the people answered
as one, saying, "All that the Lord has spoken

:i\ui) nu;yj mn^ nni-iu/K Vd n^K""!
we will do!" And Moses brought back the peo-
-inK''i y : nin;'-'7K nvn nni-riK nu/b
ple's words to the Lord. 'Ând the Lord said to
Moses, "I will come to you in a thick cloud, in

nvn^^-'^K K3 •'pJK nin nii'i^-bK n)'n->
order that the people may hear when I speak qiiiV "'l^lî DV"? ^^^' "nî^5 ]jyn
with you and so trust you ever after." Then Mo- -riK r[\LJ)2 laî n'riy'? irpK^ ^3-dat
ses reported the people's words to the Lord,
•Oand the Lord said to Moses, "Go to the people nvn unpip"] uijri-bK "^b n\u)2-bi<,
and warn them to stay pure" today and tomor-
row. Let them wash their clothes. "Let them be
ready for the third day; for on the third day the
:"'j''p -Mi-b]j Dvn-'7D '>rijb mn""
Lord will come down, in the sight of all the peo-
ple, on Mount Sinai. '2You shall set bounds for
the people round about, saying, 'Beware of go-
ing up the mountain or touching the border of in y^n-kb' i^ :nr2V nin nnn yiJirT-'73
it. Whoever touches the mountain shall be put

to death: i-'^no hand shall touch him, but he shall
be either stoned or shot; beast or man, he shall
:-irTn ^bv': n^pn
not live.' When the ram's horn ''sounds a long
blast,-'' they may go up on the mountain."
'"iMoses came down from the mountain to nnkhi? -.unbriip ^P^d^t ayn-riK
the people and warned the people to stay pure, -'7K wpi n\iJb]i;b D'-pj vn QV'7"'7n
and they washed their clothes. '5And he said to :n\pK-'7K wm
the people, "Be ready for the third day: do not
go near a woman."
"•'n^l -ii7nrT n"'nn û/"'^wn Dl^n ^^^^''^ if'
b\P) nnn-'7V hns pyi D-'pnm rib'p

'Ôn the third day, as morning dawned, there
-i\^K nvrT-'73 Tin;'i ikw prn iqu;
was thunder, and lightning, and a dense cloud
upo.n the mountain, and a very loud blast of the
nyn-HK nu/b Kî""!'' :njn)3n
horn; and all the people who were in the camp

trembled. ''Moses led the people out of the
camp toward God, and they took their places
T'Vv ~f1? "i^>^ '^sn ^b3 ]pv ^pv "ini i«
at the foot of the mountain.

]u/n3n ]\iJV2 iJtf/:y '7V,''."!
^><3 mn""
Mount Sinai was all
'**Now in smoke, for the
-iQiwn '7ii7^"'rT-''i i'^ :iK)p inn-'73 n.mi
Lord had come down upon it in fire; the smoke
rose like the smoke of a kiln, and the whole
a C/ V. 15.
b-b Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
154
TORAH EXODUS 20.7 yitro nni D m)3U7 min
mountaiiT^ trembled violently. i9Xhe blare of D''rl'7KrTi %'r> nu/b iky: pjm 'qb'in
the horn grew louder and louder. As Moses ^pv '\ri-bv npi "T"!;'.i2o ^^"2 mvi
spoke,God answered him in thunder. ôThe -bK r[p'y2b mn;" Kip^T -inn u;k"-i-'7k
Lord came down upon Mount Sinai, on the top
mn;" nnKî2i :nu7n bv"}, nrrn u;xn
of the mountain, and the Lord called Moses to
the top of the mountain and Moses went up.
2iThe Lord said to Moses, "Go down, warn the
ur\22 :n-) ^m)2 bp}) n^k'^b mn^
people not to break through to the Lord to gaze, -]Q lu/^pri;" n"in:'-'7K nûÂ^n D''jn'3rT
lest many of them perish. 22The priests also, who -bK nu/n "i)3Kî23 -.nrn^ uri:^ pD;"
come near the Lord, must stay pure, lest the \rv irr'^K ribvb avn '75T'-k'7 nrni
Lord break out against them." 23But Moses said -riK b^y^ri 'ihi^.b \ii nmyn nnK""?
to the Lord, "The people cannot come up to
-^b nin^ vbK -i)pKî24 nnuz-ipT inn
Mount Sinai, for You warned us saying, 'Set
bounds about the mountain and sanctify it.'"
-]3 n'in:'-^K Tibvb toih^^'^k ayni
24So the Lord said to him, "Go down, and come
back together with Aaron; but let not the priests nnK"! nvrT-'7K nu;b inî 25 : azi-y-ia;'
or the people break through to come up to the D : Dn'7K

Lord, lest He break out against them." 25And
Moses went down to the people and spoke to
them.
20 God spoke all these words," saying:

21 the Lord am your God who brought you
out of the land of Egypt, the house of bondage:
3You shall have no other gods besides Me.
n;'n''-K'7*3 D'''jny rrinp nnyp y"iK)p
4You shall not make for yourself a sculptured
:''jQ-'7y DnriK r2'>ribK "^b
image, or any likeness of what is in the heavens
above, or on the earth below, or in the waters
-iu;x niinri-'73i ^"703 j]^-nti;i7n Kb 4
under the earth. sYou shall not bow down to nnrip ynxn hu/kt b:;ik}2 h'<i2\u^
them or serve them. For I the Lord your God

am an impassioned God, visiting the guilt of the ''pJK ''3 ninyri Kb) nn^ mnriu/ri
parents upon the children, upon the third and n3K pi7 -rj73 Kî? ^7^ Vn'^K mn^
upon the fourth generations of those who reject n^'U/'puz-'^v
D"'i;3"i-'7Vi d"'P^~'^V
Me, 6but showing kindness to the thousandth
innK^ i:i''3^K^ ion niu'v)^ -.''Kiiub
generation of those who love Me and keep My
D :^niy)3 ''^)2\Ljb^
commandments. -
TYou shall not ''-swear falsely by-'' the name Kwb ^"'n'7K mnTDi^-nK Kti/ri iib
,-'K3-ivn'7 Kim nnb-n ]^nnn uvv dqij w. 2-1 6.

c Some Hebrew manufcripti and the Greek read "all the people";
cf. V. 16.
nD:i piDD 3u;nj K.h •'KDnvn'? v. 3.
a Tradition varies as to the division of the Commandments in
vv. 2-14, and as to the numbering of the verses from 13 on.

"
b-b Others "take in vain.
155
TORAH EXODUS 20.7 yitro nn'' 3 m)3U/ mm
of the Lord your God; for the Lord will not
clear one who swears falsely by His name.

f'Remember the sabbath day and keep it holy.
nu/iy^ •.W^,p_i n^wn dv-hk niDp
•^Six days you shall labor and do all your work,
bl""") II)
:'^n3K'7)p-'73 n^wv) I'nyn D''?p^
'"but the seventh day is a sabbath of the Lord
your God: you shall not do any work —you,
your son or daughter, your male or female slave,
or your cattle, or the stranger who is within your
riK nini nti/y ')3^tiu;\z; •311
settlements. "For in sbc days the Lord made
heaven and earth and sea, and all that is in them,
and He rested on the seventh day; therefore the 11^3 ]^-bv 'V"'3\i7ri UV2 nj"^! nimu/K
Lord blessed the sabbath day and hallowed it.
n3wn Di^-riK mn^
D :inu7'ii7''}
I
-Honor your father and your mother, that
]Vi2b '^)3KTIK1 ^^3K-nK 133 '2
you may long endure on the land that the Lord

your God is assigning to you.
mn^-iWK nmKn bv "^•a^ 113-ik-'
D :^b ]n'3 '^''TibK

'^You shall not murder.
You shall not commit adultery. D ny-in t<b*ii
You shall not steal.
You shall not bear false witness against your D 3'JAn i<b
neighbor.
'^You shall not covet your neighbor's house: n
nu7K "i')Gnn-K'7 ^vn rT'3 innn i<b
you shall not covet your neighbor's wife, or his
'731 in^ni ^-^W^ ln?pKi 113^1 "^j;"!.
male or female slave, or his ox or his ass, or
anything that is your neighbor's.
15A11 the people witnessed the thunder and -riK") ri'riipri-nK d-'ki byn-'73")i5
lightning, the blare of the horn and the moun- ]'pv inriTiKi "iDi^n "7117 >int Qi"'Q'?n
tain smoking; and when the people saw it, they :pn-i)p TTpv;'.1 lyjî byn n-i"."!
fell back and stood at a distance. '^"You speak

to us," they said to Moses, "and we will obey;
-]B n^nbi<. iJ)3V -i3i^-'7K"i nyjpu/Ji
but let not God speak to us, lest we die." ' ''Moses
-bi<. uvri-bi<> uxp'n nak""! i" -.nm;
answered the people, "Be not afraid; for God
has come only in order to test you, and in order K3 3nK niDJ ~m3V3^ ""ij M<.yn
that the fear of Him may be ever with you, so -bv iriK")^ Tj;>nn inyî 'n'7Kn
that you do not go astray." '**So the people re- nyn "r'ny"") i'"
:^^vnJ^ '^';^^'^ n^îja
mained at a distance, while Moses approached du7-~iu;k '7a-!i;n-'7K u/aj r[\u'm pniD
the thick cloud where God was.
'^The Lord said to Moses:
Thus shall you say to the Israelites: You your-

DTT'N-l DFIK bi<.'^\U^ ^^'A'b^ IWK'n n3
selves saw that 1 spoke to you from the very
156
"
TORAH EXODUS 21.9 MISHPATIM QioQU/n K3 nm\U n-nn
heavens: 20With Me, therefore, you shall not iih'-o :DD?3V ^n-131 n^?3\i7rT-[)3 '>3
make any gods of silver, nor shall you make for

yourselves any gods of gold. 21 Make for Me an
altar of earth and sacrifice on it your burnt
"^lâ^w-nK") '^'nVynK vbv nnnn
offerings and your sacrifices of well-being,cyour
sheep and your oxen; in every place where I
cause My name to be mentioned I wall come to

you and bless you. 22And if you make for Me
an altar of stones, do not build it of hewn stones; rT\^y npjn ^n-in ^2 nm ]rinK mnn
for by wielding your tool upon them you have -^7^ ri^ym n'7yn-K'7i23 -.ribbrin)
profaned them. 23Do not ascend My altar by 3 : vbv ^ripy n'7An-K'p ^^}UK "'nnm
steps, that your nakedness may not be exposed
upon it.
^ -1 MISHPATIM
^ ±. These are the rules that you shall set
before them:
2When you acquire a Hebrew slave, he shall
ini7T n^jii7 \LJp nnv iny hjpn '3 2
serve six years; in the seventh year he shall go

I3)i3-DK3 :D|n ^t^^spi^ KY^ nv:?^?^
free, without payment. -''If he came single, he
HKY]! K^n n\i7K '7yn"DK ky;' iajin xn^
shall leave single; if he had a \vife, his wife shall
leave with him. -ilf his master gave him a wife,
and she has borne him children, the wife and
her children shall belong to the master, and he "DKi 5 : i3n ky;' K^ni H^nN^ T^^rin
shall leave alone. ^But if the slave declares, "I "jiK-nx "'nnriK "rnyn ijgk'"' nnx
love my master, and my wife and children: I do :"'u;Dn KYK i<b ''J:n"nxi ^nu/KTix
not wish to go free," ^his master shall take him -'^Klu/i^m D^n'7Kn-'7K TiJiK i\:;iAm6
before God.« He shall be brought to the door
-riK vp^ yyii nnT?3ri-'7K Ik nbiri
or the doorpost, and his master shall pierce his
D :D'7V^ nnyi yy~!)35 IJTK
ear with an awl; and he shall then remain his
slave for life.
i<b r[]2i<.b inn-nx u;^k n3p"'-'pv
AVhen a man sells his daughter as a slave, she ^pV2 ny"i"DK8 :n''"ini7n nxya kyji
shall not be freed as male slaves are. Îf she
proves to be displeasing to her master, who des- :nn-nA3n n^^-nb b\iJT2^-i<b npj
ignated her for himself, he must let her be re-
nunn U9u;n3 njny" m'7-nKT^
deemed; he shall not have the right to sell her
to outsiders, since he broke faith with her. 'Ând
if he designated her for his son, he shall deal with
c Others "peace-offering." Xleaiiing o/shelamin uncertain,
a Others "to the judges.
157
TORAH EXODUS 21.9 MISHPATIM D-iuau/n K3 m)3U/ n-nn
her as is the practice with free maidens, loif he
marries another, he must not withhold from

this one her food, her clothing, or her conjugal
rights.'' '
I
If he fails her in these three ways, she
D :C1D3
shall go free, without payment.
nuJKI'-^ ^^pi"" ^^^ ^^) ^""^ !^.?^''
'-He who fatally strikes a man shall be put
to death. 'Mf he did not do it by design, but it
came about by an act of God, I will assign you

a place to which he can flee. n)p-iyn ^y^^rlb ^^\:^T^v w^k ir-"'3i i'
HWhen a man schemes against another and D -.nmb liini^n TinTn dvw
kills him treacherously, you shall take him from .ri)2v nin 1?3ki v:ik n^m^^
My very altar to be put to death.
'
?He who strikes his father or his mother shall
be put to death.
D innv nln Iwki vnK bbi?m '"
'^He who kidnaps a — whether he has

man
sold him or is still holding him — be put shall
to death.
'"He who insults' his father or his mother
shall be put to death.

'''^When men quarrel and one strikes the other D :K3"l"' kQii
with stone or and he does not die but has
hst,
innK-riK Ik my-nK u/^k n3:'-'3V"
to take to his bed — ' 'îf he then gets up and walks
M] nnn nm
tik:i :npr D"pJ un\i;n
outdoors upon his staff, the assailant shall go
ispD ^3 DpT Kb iny^ D^pl"' Ik di^-dk
unpunished, except that he must pay for his
idleness and his cure.
-"When a man strikes his slave, male or fe- n-jn nwK îi^^ uw;k iyr-'3i22
male, with a rod, and he dies there and then,'' \z;jyT U7ijy ]1dk rr'n^ i<b^ n"'i'p"' iky^t
he must be avenged. -'But if he survives a day ]nl^ n\i7Kn bv^ vbv n^pi "iu/k3
or two, he is not to be avenged, since he is the
other's property.
nnn
]\u îv rinn ]^v.-'' -^^^ nnn
]\ij
--When men fight, and one of them pushes
nnn nîa 25 "7^ nnn bn 1^ nnn t
:
a pregnant woman and a miscarriage results,
but no other damage ensues, the one responsi-
ble'' shall be fined according as the woman's

husband may exact from him, the payment to
be based on reckoning.' --^But if other damage

ensues, the penalty shall be life for life, --êye for
eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot,
"
Or "ointments.
Or 'rexitei.
Lit. "under hts hand.
Heh. "he."
"
Olhen "iii the )iidgei determine.
58
—
TORAH EXODUS 22.1 MISHPATIM QiuDu/n 3D nmVJ min
25burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for nnn niiinn i;y| nnn vye) nî3
bruise.
26When a man strikes the eye of his slave, male

or female, and destroys it, he shall let him go
nnn liinû/'^ "'U/Qn^ ^J?D^1 lO'?^ V-^
free on account of his eye. 27if he knocks out
injpK ij^'iK l"ini; iu/'dki -' d : lj''y
the tooth of his slave, male or female, he shall
£D -.^w nnn liinû;^ "'^ô!? '^\5-
let him go
28When an ox
free on account of his
gores a man or a
tooth.
woman to nwKTiK Ik u/'iK-nK ™ np-^Dps

death, the ox shall be stoned and its flesh shall -nK ''75K:' kî nl\i7n '7170-' '7lpD nm
not be eaten, but the owner of the ox is not to nb niu; uk^ 29 .-
ipj '^wrl b:;2'\ inti;^
be punished. 29if, however, that ox has been in kb) v^ynn TV^nT nujbv; b'rinr^ Kin
the habit of goring, and its owner, though
hi\^rT nji7K ik i^/^k n^pm i™^;^
warned, has failed to guard it, and it kills a man
nxLJv nQS'DK 30 nT2V vbv:i-ur\
or a woman —the ox shall be stoned and its
: b'pxD'>
n\pv-^WK b''2'2 W^2 ]]!$ )ni'] vbv

owner, too, shall be put to death. 30If ransom
is laid upon him, he must pay whatever is laid
u|ju;)33 np nn-lK nr ]n-lK3i :vbv
upon him to redeem his life. 3iSo, too, if it gores Ik nl\i7n nr "iny-DK 32 1^ nt^y;' njn :
a minor, male or female, [the owner] shall be TijiK^ )n'> W'bpy uwbp C1D3 npK I
dealt with according to the same rule. 32But if D :b\?,\^^, "il^ni

the ox gores a slave, male or female, he shall pay
uj-'i^ np''""'? 'ii<° "I'i^ ^'iS nnEj''-'3i 33
thirty shekels of silver to the master, and the ox

mpn 1K '^w n)2UJ-b^2') iudd;' kb) nn
shall be stoned.
i^^yn"? n-'U/T tiD3 ub\u'> hinn biJ^ 34
33When a man opens a pit, or digs a pit and
does not cover it, and an ox or an ass falls into
D :i^"n^rTT npni
it, 34the one responsible for the pit must make npT inyn niu^'nK u/^K-nlu; 'qp"''?'! 35
restitution; he shall pay the price to the owner, i3p3-nK lyni ^•'nn nl\i7n-nK npni
but shall keep the dead animal. Tiu; 13 yiu iK3b :]iym npn-nK mi
35When a man's ox injures his neighbor's ox ijinpi^'i kb^ u\ub\ij bmr\)2 kin n^j
and it dies, they shall sell the live ox and divide
nliirn nnn hlu; aû/-- nb]LJ vb:;:^
its price; they shall also divide the dead animal.
V :l'7-n;'n;' npm
^Îf, however, it is known that the ox was in the
Ik innpT nti7"lK '^w ^''K-njr "'337
habit of goring, and its owner has failed to guard
it, he must restore ox for ox, but shall keep the -il\£7n nnn hbvj-' ni73 nii/pn in^jp
dead animal.
37gWhen a man steals an ox or a sheep, and
"DK
nsm
1 :nti7n
:i^^^ri
nnn
KYp''
iKy-ynnKi
nnnn)33
^^
^^
slaughters it or sells it, he shall pay five oxen for U7pwn nn"!rnK2 -.n^m lb pK npi
^^ the ox, and four sheep for the sheep.
f tf t Uf the thief is seized while tunneling,"
and he is beaten to death, there is no bloodguilt
g This constitutes chap. 22. 1 in some editions,
a I.e, iiniier a wall for househreiiking.
159
TORAH EXODUS 22.1 MISHPATIM DiuQu;j3 3D m?3W n-nn
in his case. -If the sun has risen on him, there

is bloodguilt in that case. — He'' must make res- lip K2<)3ri KV)3n-aK 3 :irinm ~i3)pJi
titution; if he lacks the means, he shall be sold

for his theft. ''But if what he stole — whether ox
or ass or sheep — is found alive in his possession,
he shall pay double.

-When a man lets his livestock loose to graze
nvn -inK nnu/n ivni in"*:;? n-r-vn-riK
and so allows a or a vine- D : ubuj'>, in-ia nu''pi initp
in another's land, field
yard to be grazed bare, he must make restitution \i;->i^ b'DKJi b^vp nK^jpT Mjk Kyn-ia 5
for the impairment' of that field or vineyard. -ly^Tan a'pu;"' n^w nntirn ik nTpj^n Ik
•"^When a fire is started and spreads to thorns, D : n-iynrrriK
so that stacked, standing, or growing'' grain is
n^'7D-iK r]D3 invn-'^K w^k "]rT'""'3 ^
consumed, he who started the fire must make
restitution.
^When a man gives money or goods to an-

3"ij7Ji nkn K^^Ts;" K'7-nK - -.
d^j\z; dW^
other for safekeeping, and they are stolen from
nb]u k^"DK n"'n'7Kn-'7K n^rrbyii
the man's house — if the thief is caught, he shall VU73—inT'73-'7i7 « iinyn nDK'7nn n^
pay double; ~if the thief is not caught, the owner
of the house shall depose before God"^ that he IV HT Kin-'3 "ijpk"' n\^>f ninK-'73-'7V
has not laid hands on the other's property. ''In
]V'>py_ "iWK nri'ij^^nnT k3^ n"'n'7Kn
all charges of misappropriation —pertaining to
an ox, an ass, a sheep, a garment, or any other

11U7-1K "libn ini;i.-'7K \u^k °]n^""'3 ^
loss, whereof one party alleges, "This — is it" the
-i3u;riK npi ijpu;'? nnn3-'73i nu7"iK
case of both parties shall come before God: he
whom God declares guilty shall pay double to n)r[^ nv2\ij 10 : nk-i i^k nnu/riK
the other. IT nb\p kV-dk dh-'Ju; ps n^nn
9When a man gives to another an ass, an ox, : nb\LJ'> kb"] vbv'2. npî invi. nsK'^nn
a sheep or any other animal to guard, and it dies -.vbv'^b uhw'>, 1)3i;)3 3jr njrDKin
or is injured or is carried off, with no witness
kb nQ"i.un iv inKn"" qiu'' ci'iu-dn 12
about, '"an oath before the Lord shall decide

3 :ub\iJ-»
between the two of them that the one has not
'^:l\u2^ invn Dvn u/îk '7ku;^-'3t 13
laid hands on the property of the other; the
owner must acquiesce, and no restitution shall
be made. "But if [the animal] was stolen from

him, he shall make restitution to its owner. ^^{
it was torn by beasts, he shall bring it as evidence;
he need not replace what has been torn by
beasts.
'-^When a man borrows [an animal] froman-
b I.e. the thief of 2 IJ7.

I Lit. "excellence."
d Lit. 'field"
e See note on 21.6.
160
TORAH EXODUS 22.29 mishpatim QiUDU/To ID m?3U7 min
other and it dies or is injured, its owner not be-

ing with it, he must make restitution, iîf its
owner was with it, no restitution need be made;

D :in;5u;î xn Kin
but if it was hired, he is entitled to the hire.
-i<b 1U7K njînn u/^k nnQT''3i is
i5If a man seduces a virgin for whom the
1^ n|nn?3;' inn npv npiî nu/iK
bride-price has not been paid,/and hes with her,
he must make her his wife by payment of a
bride-price, iîf her father refuses to give her D :ri/'in3ri "iribD b'p\u^ r|p3 i^
to him, he must still weigh out silver in accord-

ance with the bride-price for virgins. D -.nr^v nip npnn-Dy :i2\ij-b2 is
i^You not tolerates a sorceress.

shall
mn''^ ""n^n nnm
"^ D-'n'7K^ nnTi9
isWhoever lies with a beast shall be put to ^^
:rr2b
death.
i^Whoever sacrifices to a god other than the

Lord alone shall be proscribed. ''
20Y0U shall not wrong a stranger or oppress -DK22 :]i-ii7ri iib nln^T nj?3'7K"'73 2i
him, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt. ^bK pvî pVy-DK ""B in'K njvri njii?
21 You shall not ill-treat any widow or orphan. QK nnnv-^ nnj^vY vpu/K y'pu;
22If you do mistreat them, heed their out-
I will DDû/j vri) nnnn ddhk inriri)
cry as soon as they cry out to Me, 23and My anger 3 :D''>p'rT' 3"'Jm nlJjp^K
shall blaze forth and 1 will put you to the sword,
'•'j^n-riK 'Jby-JiK n^bn 1 r|D3-aK24
and your own wives shall become widows and
]i>3"'U7ri-K'7 nt^j3 1^ n^'Hrrk'? "qjav
your children orphans.
24If you lend money to My people, to the poor
nr2b\u Vsnri Vnn-aK25 :"^\^j vb:^
'3 26 m"'i^n u/pti/n i<Tiv
among you, do not act toward them as a cred- ^'[b "^vi.
itor; exact no interest from them. 25if you take '\nb)2\u Kin rr^n^ imup nmoD K^r\
your neighbor's garment in pledge, you must ">% pyy:'""'3 n^ni nzju;-' nm nv^
return it to him before the sun sets; 26it is his
D :"'JK ]13n-'3 ^PiV'n\LJ)
only clothing, the sole covering for his skin. In
Kb Tjjayn K'p2^ '7^î7ri i<b D-'n'7K*27
what else shall he sleep? Therefore, if he cries
:iKn
out to Me, I will pay heed, for I am compas-
'^'jn ni33 inxri i<b ^yniT 'jiriK'^n 28
sionate.
27You shall not revile God, nor put a curse

upon a chieftain among your people.
28You shall not 'put off the skimming of the
first yield of your vats.-' You shall give Me the
first-born among your sons. 29You shall do the
same with your cattle and your flocks: seven
/ So that she is unmarried; cf. Deut. 20.7; 22.23 ff. DVioan laon '^/n Kmva'? v. 27.
"
g Lit. "let live.
h See Lev. 27.29.

i-i Meaning ofHeb. uncertain.
TORAH EXODUS 22.29 mishpatim D-iUDU/n nD m)3U/ nmn
days it' shall remain with its mother; on the -"rTp^pn DV3 iKJK-DV n^.H"' ''n^ nVIÛ;
eighth day you shall give it to Me. : ''^"'ijnri
•Wou shall be holy people to Me: you must niti73 "lU/ni ''b "[Vrin U/lp-^WJKT '"
not eat flesh torn by beasts in the field; you shall

i^nSu/n n'^sV l'7J3Kn iib ISIU
cast it to the dogs.
D :inK
23 You must not carry false rumors; you nu7rT'7K KW ynw Kti/n k^ ^^
shall not join hands with the guilty to act as a -lib 2 D : Dpn IV ri'^rib v^pyuv qi";
malicious witness: -You shall neither side with myn-k"?! h);ib D^n-i-nnK n-'.nn
the mighty" to —you do wrong shall not give
bi"] 3 : nun'7 D"'n"! nnx rivjh :i'i-bi}
perverse testimony dispute so in a as to pervert
favor of the mighty" — ^nor

D :1nn:n ~\inn k'?
it in shall you show
deference to a poor man in his dispute.
nvn i-i>3n Ik "^n^'K -\w v|Dri ^3^
^When you encounter your enemy's ox or ass D -Ab mî^n niyn

wandering, you must take it back to him. nnn Vni "^kju; "lir^n nKnn"'3 5
-"•When you see the ass of your enemy lying

under its burden and would refrain from D :1?3y
raising'' you must nevertheless raise it with
it,
nn"n)p " : Innn "^rnx usu/n nun k"? -^
him.
•a A'lnn-'^K p^'ivi 'pji pnnn -ipw
6You shall not subvert the rights of your
"a njpn k^ nnyi^ :yu;"i p-'"iyi<-k'7
needy in their disputes. ^Keep far from a false
charge; do not bring death on those who are in-

: D"'i7"'iy nnT qj7p"'i wnpB i-i.vHnwn
nocent and in the right, for I will not acquit the u/QrriK bnvT onKi yn^n k"? "i;ii
'^
wrongdoer. **Do not take bribes, for bribes blind :D-'"iyn yiKii nn^n Dnr-iB n^n
the clear-sighted and upset the pleas of those riDpKi T]y-iN-nK yirn d-'Ju; \up) "»
who are in the right. n^ppu/n nv"';i\i'n"i 1

1 :nnKi3n"nK
^You shall not oppress a stranger, for you
ann^l "^j^v 'J''';if< 'i'^^ki nnu/uî
know the feelings of the stranger, having your-
'i\'n-]2b ntî;n-]3 nnwn n^n '73kn
selves been strangers in the land of Egypt.
'oSix years you shall sow your land and gather
in its yield; "but in the seventh you shall let it
rest and lie fallow. Let the needy among your

people eat of it, and what they leave let the wild
beasts eat. You shall do the same with your vine-

yards and your olive groves.
'-Six days you shall do your work, but on the
seventh day you shall cease from labor, in order
j I.e., the malefint-born.
a Others "mullitude."
h For ihii use of lite verb "zb, cf. Neh. 3.8, 34. For the whole verse
«•«• [)ei4l. 22.4.
TORAH EXODUS 23.25 mishpatim ci-iuQ\yn J3 m)3\l7 niin
that your ox and your ass may rest, and that your
bondman and the stranger may be refreshed.
i^Be on guard concerning all that I have told
you. Make no mention of the names of other
gods; they shall not be heard on your lips.
i^Three times a year you shall hold a festival

Ap-riK 15 : miirii ''7
inn "'^n v;b\LJ h
for Me: i5You shall observe the Feast of Un-
leavened Bread — eating unleavened bread for b-Diin °umi nv:i\LJ "'inpn nls^Kjn
seven days as I have commanded you — at the n^nKH u;"i'n ivmb "^n^^^ "^W^^ ^""^^
set time in the month'ôf Abib, for in it you went 'J3 mni'-k'?! nnyâp nxy^ 1n-'3
forth from Egypt; and none shall appear before '^\UK '^wm niB^TYiPri :\n") le tOi?"'").
Me empty-handed; i6and the Feast of the Har-

nj\i7rT riKYin 'tipKn :ini nnt^? yim
vest, of the first fruits of your work, of what you
\ub\ui7 :r[i\Ljr[-]p "^wjp-nK ^qok^
sow in the field; and the Feast of Ingathering
\i$-bK '^-iiDT-'^s HK-j:' m\i75 n"'J3V5
at the end of the year, when you gather in the
results of your work from the field, i^xhree
times a year all your males shall appear before p'7^-k'7"i 'nnraT ypn-bv nnm-k'p is
the Sovereign, the Lord. :"ii7'n-"tv \^n-n^n

18Y0U shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice
with anything leavened; and the fat of My festal
'^'^ribK urn'!
offering shall not be left lying until morning.
D :i)3K n'^nn nA b\^:in-ib'D nb\u 'DJk nhri 20
bring to the house of the Lord your God.
You shall not boil a kid in its mother's milk.
nu/K nli7)3rT-'7K "^K^nnbi iito
201 am sending an angel before you to guard l^'pn ypu/i V2B)2 njpii^n:] :'>ripr\
you on the way and to bring you to the place ^3 ddvu/q'? kti/T i<b -"B 13 n)3ri-'7K
that I have made ready. 21 Pay heed to him and yjpu/n yl)pu;-nK "'322 :i3"ip3 ir^p
obey him. Do not defy him, for he will not par- ^n3:'K"i n3"iK lyjK b':) nw^"] l'7p3
don your offenses, since My Name is in him;
:'^n."iy-nK 'ri-iYi ^'3'''K-nK
22but if you obey him and do all that I say, I
-'7K qK''3ni 23
will be an enemy to your enemies and a foe to
V^?^ '?^^'?P 'n!?r''3
your foes.
"inn 'jyjsrTi ^^n^n) ^nnm nbKri
23When My angel goes before you and brings mnriu/n-k'p 24 n-'ninprr-i ""013^01
you to the Amorites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, niuvn Kb) ni3yn kî brfri'pK'?
the Canaanites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, n3U7n -i3\î Dpnnnbnn ^3 nn-'iyi/p^
and I annihilate them, 24you shall not bow down mn"' riK Drn3yi25 : arfm^^jp
to their gods in worship or follow their prac-
tices, but shall tear them down and smash their
pillars to bits. 25You shall serve the Lord your

God, and He will bless your bread and your wa-
c See note at 13.4.
163
TORAH EXODUS 23.25 mishpatim lUQiyn A3 r\M2\U n-nn
ter. And 1 will remove sickness from your midst.

2(>No woman in your land shall miscarry or be ^•n^ nBpn-riK "îyikî nnj^vi n'73u;n
barren. I will let you enjoy the full count of your
days.
-jiK TiJarn '^'>:^b nbwK ^nn-iK-nK 27
271 will send forth My terror before you, and

-jiK ^nnj") DHii K'nri nu/K ^^^'^^
I will throw into panic all the people among
whom you come, and I will make all your en-
emies turn tail'' before you. -^l will send a -riK 'inn-riK n^J^^^ "^'jq'? nvnyn
plague^ ahead of you, and it shall drive out be-
fore you the Hivites, the Canaanites, and the n^nn-]!? nriK nw:! "^1^^ iû/âk
Hittites. 291 will not drive them out before you -.Tiiiuri n^n "^"^bv rriyi nwnu; yiNn
in a single year, lest the land become desolate
and the wild beasts multiply to your hurt. "^"I

-riK ''rwuv^ :y-iKn-nK ri^mi nnpn
will drive them out before you little by little, un-
til you have increased and possess the land. -""I
will set your borders from the Sea of Reeds to

n5n;'ii ]nK 1
'3 nmnny "iînm
the Sea of Philistia, and from the wilderness to
the Euphrates; for I will deliver the inhabitants :nn3 Dn-'n'pK'?") urib n'-i3n-k'7 32
of the land into your hands, and you will drive ^b TiriK iK"'un]"]Ej "^yiKB îiMJ-', Kb 33
them out before you. 52You shall make no cov-
^^ n"'ni-'3 rfrf^N-riK inyn ^3
enant with them and their gods. •'^-''They shall not
remain in your land, lest they cause you to sin
against Me; for you will serve their gods — and
it will prove a snare to you.
24 Then He said to Moses, "Come up to mn''-'7K nbv inK n\i;?3-'7Ki I ^

the Lord, with Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and
seventy elders of Israel, and bow low from afar.
2Moses alone shall come near the Lord; but the

i(b um mu'^-bK \i^b nu/b \iJh)-
others shall not come near, nor shall the people
come up with him."
3Moses went and repeated to the people all
nn^-'73 riK by^ nQp""! nu/n knî 3
the commands of the Lord and all the rules; and DyrT'73 ]V!l ''U3u;)3rT'73 nxT n'jn"'
all the people answered with one voice, saying, -i31-"iu;k nn3^n-'73 nnk"! irk b^p
"All the things that the Lord has commanded n3"i"'73 HK nu/b nnp"") > : niz/i^j mn^
we will do!" -iMoses then wrote down all the
commands of the Lord. •^^\^[ nnn nnin p"! ii7'33 D3\f;''i

Early in the morning, he set up an altar at the
nu3u; i\uv u'>:\i)b n32^)3 'niu;y dtiu/t
foot of the mountain, with twelve pillars for the
d Lit. "back."
e Others "hornet": meuiting of Hcb. uncertain.
164
TORAH EXODUS 24.18 mishpatim n-iuawn id n^y2\U n-nn
twelve tribes of Israel. ^He designated some bk-yiu^ \n "'"i.i'rnK n^pi^îs tb'K-ju;-'
young men among the Israelites, and they nrn^b D^pû; D"'nnT innrî rib'v ^b)J_^^
offered burnt offerings and sacrificed bulls as
Dtz;=|i wiTi ""Yn nu7'n n^.îe :Q"'-i5
offerings ofwell-beingto the Lord. 6Moses took
: r!^TJ3n-'7i; pnt win 'Ym njAxn
one part of the blood and put it in basins, and
nyn ""jmn Knp"! nnîn iQp nip^y
the other part of the blood he dashed against
the altar. 'Then he took the record of the cov-
enant and read it aloud to the people. And they pnj"'! D"iri-nK nu;b nj^îs :yjpU7Ji
said, "All that the Lord has spoken "we will

faithfully do!"-" ^Moses took the blood and
dashed it on the people and said, "This is the
blood of the covenant that the Lord now makes
with you concerning all these commands."
^Then Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu,
and seventy elders of Israel ascended; lOand they
njnyntî7)p3 vbri nnni bK-yiiji >ribi!i
saw the God of Israel: under His feet there was

-b'Kiii -.^rivb "'?3ti^rT dyv?^ "fQDn
the likeness of a pavement of sapphire, like the ^fn;") liT nb\u k^ b^'^p-^ ""Jii ^b^'î<-
vev)' sky for purit)^ "Yet He did not raise His

hand against the leaders^' of the Israelites; they
beheld God, and they ate and drank.

]nKn nnV-riK "^b niriKT auz-n^nT
i-The Lord said to Moses, "Come up to Me
: n'nln'7 ""nnni) -i\^k niYâm hnlnm
on the mountain and wait there, and I will give
you the stone tablets with the teachings and

commandments which have inscribed to
n?3K 'jp-TrT-'?^") H iQ-'nb'KrT ^ri-bii
I in-
struct them." '3So Moses and his attendant DD^^K mu;rnu7K ly nb ij'7-in\z7
Joshua arose, and Moses ascended the moun- onnT bv^-'>ri ni^pv nni firiK n^ni
tain of God. i-iTo the elders he had said, "Wait :Dn'7K m''
here for us until we return to you. You have -riK ]jyn dd""! nnn-VK np'n bv"}, i?
Aaron and Hur with you; let anyone who has

"rp '^rl-b^ 'mn^-i1n3 pu/^v^ nnri
a legal matter approach them."
-bi< Kip'i u^rî n\iJ\LJ ]^vri mpDî
i5When Moses had ascended the mountain,
the cloud covered the mountain, i^xhe Pres-
ence of the Lord abode on Mount Sinai, and U7Kn3 n^DK U7K3 nin^ una nxini i"
the cloud hid it for six days. On the seventh day nu/n Knî is : '7K-itz;"' 'n "rv'? "inn
He called to Moses from the midst of the cloud. h\u'i2 -"rTî "inn-^x b'V'il l^VO "^î^^
'"Now the Presence of the Lord appeared in the 3 : nb^b n^vniKi dI'^ n^y^nK nnn
sight of the Israelites as a consuming fire on the
top of the mountain. i^Moses went inside the
cloud and ascended the mountain; and Moses
remained on the mountain forty days and forty
nights.
fl-a Lif. "tve iW// Wo anrf obey."

b ^4eanmg of Heb. 'asilim uncertain.
165
TORAH EXODUS 25.1 TERUMAH nm-in n3 r\M2\U niin
^ r TERUMAH
Aj^ The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2Tell : inK^ nu;b-'7K mn"" in-ci I I ^
the IsraeHte people to bring Me gifts; you shall nnnn ''?"inp"'i bk-w"^, ^)^'^^ "i?"! -
accept gifts for Me from every person whose

heart so moves him. -"Ând these are the gifts that
"lU/K nnnnn nkn^ :iri)pnn-n]s;
you shall accept from them: gold, silver, and
:nu7iiJT qpD") nnt nriKD inpn
copper; -^blue, purple, and crimson yarns, fine
w\^^ '>w nv'?irii im-ixi n'pprn-i
linen, goats' hair; stanned ram skins," dolphin''
skins, and acacia wood; ô\\ for lighting, spices
^r\v^ D^pixn d^^k niVi? :D^-TyT
for the anointing oil and for the aromatic -IKTp'p IpU/'' :D"'UW ""YVT "'U/nn
incense; "lapis lazuli' and other stones for
setting, for the ephod and for the breastpiece. "kVp 'jnisi onw-'jnN ' :n"')3DrT
8And let them make Me a sanctuary that may I
dwell among them. Êxactly as show you I —the

pattern of the Tabernacle and the pattern of all
i\^3-'73 n-'Jin riKi ]3\f^)3n rr'nn riK
its furnishings — so shall you make it.
i^^They shall make an ark of acacia wood, two

D -.wvn ]31
and a half cubits long, a cubit and a half wide, •'yni D''n)3K n-iuu; ^y:v ]1"ik wv^ 'o
and a cubit and a half high. "Overlay it with "ypi n)3Ki lirrj ^"'vni n)3Ki iii-iN
pure gold —overlay it inside and out — and n''3)p ninu nnj in'K rr'SYV :'iriJ?'p
make upon it a gold molding round about. : 3"'3D nni "IT v'7y n"'t:;y"i i3Qyn înn^
i2Cast four gold rings for it, to be attached to
its four feet, two rings on one of its side walls
and two on the other. '^Make poles of acacia

wood and overlay them with gold; i^then insert
:n"'Jiyn ^vbî-bv nyny ^""nu/T ^nxn
the poles into the rings on the side walls of the
ark, for carrying the ark. isjhe poles shall re- "^V n'V3U3 b"'i3nTiK n^nni i-i
: nnr
main in the rings of the ark: they shall not be :Dri3 pKH-HK HKu;^ ]"iKn nv'7y
removed from it. 'Ând deposit in the Ark [the
tablets of] the Pact which I will give you.

~iu;k riiyn riK nNrr'^K nny\ "^ :i3)3n
iTYou shall make a cover of pure gold, two
and a half cubits long and a cubit and a half wide.
liny nnt nis? rr'U^y'i 17
'8Make two cherubim of gold — make them of ^•'YriT ci:'n)3K
hammered work — at the two ends of the cover.

rr'ti/viis :ri3n") •yn") n)3Ki n3-)K
''^Make one cherub at one end and the other DJiK nti/yn nif/pn nnr "'313 w^w
cherub at -the other end; of one piece with the iriK 3n3 nu;yf 1^'
:ri"i;33n niyp •'J\i'n
cover shall you make the cherubim at its two HTD n^pp TnK-m-i3T nm nypn
ends. 2()The cherubim shall have their wings
'ju;-'7V D-inisn-riK ^^vn nissn-]??
spread out above, shielding the cover with their
a Others 'rams' skins dyed red."

b Or "dugong": mearting of Hebrew tdhash uncertain.
c Cf.Gen. 2.12 and note.
166
TORAH EXODUS 25.35 terumah nmin n^ mnu; n-nn
wings. They shall confront each other, the faces
of the cherubim being turned toward the cover. i^ri"' n"i;33n-'7K t'iik-'^k u/^k nrr^jQi
21 Place the cover on top of the Ark, after de-
-bv n-iQ^n-nK nnjvi m-'n-isri ijs
positing inside the Ark the Pact that I will give
-riK \t\t\ pKH-'^Ki r\bvribri fnKn
you. 22There I will meet with you, and I will im-
you —from above the 'ri-TVlJi22 -.-^-hK ]riK -WK nivn
part to cover, from be-
nnQan bvr\ \r\K ^rn;2rr\ bu; ^^
tween the two cherubim that are on top of the
Ark of the Pact — all that I will command you
concerning the Israelite people. ^y:fbK ^niK m.YK "lU^K-'â nx
23You shall make a table of acacia wood, two
cubits long, one cubit wide, and a cubit and a 'l3"iK D;'n)3K Dw •'Yi7 \vh^ nwv") 23
half high. 240verlay it with pure gold, and make
n-'syi 24 :in)pp 'YnT n^pKi \irn njpKi
a gold molding around it. 25Make a rim of a
: n^no njiT nr 1^ T).-'^^^ ninu r^nt iriK
hand's breadth around it, and make a gold
r\wv^ n^no ns'u n-iApn 1^ r\wv'\2s
molding for its rim round about. 26]VIake four
gold rings for it, and attach the rings to the four
corners at its four legs. 27The rings shall be next

to the rim, as holders for poles to carry the table.
28Make the poles of acacia wood, and overlay n'ynuri p'^.nri nniipTarT nj3i;^27
them with gold; by these the table shall be car-
:]n^\i7rT-nK T\iwh W''h:ib ''nn'7
ried. 29Make its bowls, ladles, jars and jugs with
nisyi Q-iuu; ^yv b"'iiiri-nK rr't^vi -'^
which to offer libations; make them of pure

gold. 30And on the table you shall set the bread
-.'[vhw'^-m^ nn-Kti/j") nnt anx
of display, to be before Me always.
vniu/pT vn3?i vrnv'p^ n"'U7y"i29
3iYou shall make a lampstand of pure gold; nlnu nriT ]n2i "qp;' -iu;k vn^jpjjpi
the lampstand shall be made of hammered

work; its base and its shaft, its cups, calyxes, and
petals shall be of one piece. 32Six branches shall
issue from its sides; three branches from one

side of the lampstand and three branches from
n^'Ji? nii7\^"!32 :vr}'' '^^]^'^ '7^D"1?''
the other side of the lampstand. 330n one
rriyn -"jp 1 r\vjb\]j n^'ii^p ""KV'"'
branch there shall be three cups shaped like
almond-blossoms, each with calyx and petals,

niyp rrii'n "'Jp nu7''7u;i "inKn n^yn
and on the next branch there shall be three cups njj?? D"'%U'p t]"'V=i^° nu;"'7ii; 33 : ^wr}
shaped like almond-blossoms, each with calyx D^v;!^ nu7''7U7T hnQ") nriQ? ~"fnKrT
and petals; so for all six branches issuing from ]3 n-i|3i inQ3 "fnxn nji^n a^-iipu/p
the lampstand. 34And on the lampstand itself
n";j?3n-])p "'Ky^n nu/u/^
: n-'Jipn
there shall be four cups shaped like almond-
Dni7u;n ""yn; nviinK nnj)3nT34
blossoms, each with calyx and petals: 35a calyx,
of one piece with
î\u nnn "inspi 35 : ri'innQT nnnaa
it, under a pair of branches;
and a calyx, of one piece with it, under the sec-
b'lJi^rT -"jw nnn HnQî mjan D-'Ji^n
167
TORAH EXODUS 25.35 terumah nmin n3 m?3U7 min
ond pair of branches, and a calyx, of one piece

with it, under the last pair of branches; so for
all six branches issuing from the lampstand.

-'^Their calyxes and their stems shall be of one
piece with it, the whole of it a single hammered
TiKni n-'nirriK n^yni nv:ip
piece of pure gold. -^'Make its seven lamps — the ^"'^"iJ
lamps shall be so mounted as to give the light
on its front side — ^Sand its tongs and fire pans nn'K nwv:' "linu nni "i.33 39 ; -linu nnr
of pure gold. -'''Ît shall be made, with all these
furnishings, out of a talent of pure gold. **oNote
well, and follow the patterns for them that are
being shown you on the mountain.
26 As for the Tabernacle," make it of ten

strips of cloth; make these of fine twisted linen, •'JU7 nv'?'rii innKi n^,3ni "itu/n \i;p
ofblue, purple, and crimson yarns, with a design
of cherubim worked into them. ^The length of

bnt^/yT npp nriKn nyn;":! 1
"qi>?^
each cloth shall be twenty-eight cubits, and the
nyn^n nipKn yniK nnSi n)3N3
width of each cloth shall be four cubits, all the
cloths to have the same measurements. ^Five of

u/pn 3 -.hv^yri-b^b nriK nitp nnxn
the cloths shall be joined to one another, and nnnK-'7K n\^K n'nln Y^nn nvniirT
the other five cloths shall be joined to one an- : nnnK-'^K nwK nnln nVn"' u/nni
other. •'xVIake loops ofblue wool on the edge of nyn^n np\u bv n'pnn ri^bb nwv^ •>
the outermost cloth of the one set; and do like-

nQu;3 nu;yn pT n-ilnn ni^j^p nnNri
wise on the edge of the outermost cloth of the
:n''3iyn nnnnjan nilY^pn nyn^n
other set: -"^make fifty loops on the one cloth, and
"nnKn nvn"'? nu;yn rikbb uwr^n'^
fifty loops on the edge of the end cloth of the
other set, the loops to be opposite one another.
6And make fifty gold clasps, and couple the

rii^^Vn n'^'i^p?? n^Jt^n ninnTpii "iu/n
cloths to one another with the clasps, so that
the Tabernacle becomes one whole. -bi< nii/K n'y'T'n-nK ninm nni
"You shall then make cloths of goats' hair for D : inK ]3u/)3n H'lm D^pipn nnnK
a tent over the Tabernacle; make the cloths
]3U7)3rT-'7V briiib d-'TV nyn*' nwv') 7
eleven in number. f'The length of each cloth

:Dn'K nt^vn nvn"" ni.U/2;""'^^V
shall be thirty cubits, and the width of each cloth
n?2K3 b'lw'û; nriKH nyn^n 1
"liKs
shall be four cubits, the eleven cloths to have
the same measurements. '^Join five of the cloths
nin nnNH nyi-i^n nipKn vb-in nnii
by themselves, and the other six cloths by them- rrinni^ :riV"'T niu/y ''nûvb nriK
selves; and fold over the sixth cloth at the front i^/uz-riNT 12b nyTin u/nn-nx
a Here the lowcî </ tin- icn-ers of the Taheniacle.
168
TORAH EXODUS 26.25 terumah nmnn id m?DU7 min
of the tent. lOMake fifty loops on the edge of

the outermost cloth of the one set, and fifty
loops on the edge of the cloth of the other set.

nriKH nyn^n nsju; bv rikbb D"'w?3n
1 iMake fifty copper clasps, and fit the clasps into
'^y Pikbb "'wnni n~innn my^pn
the loops, and couple the tent together so that
it becomes one whole. '-As for the overlapping

nû/y-) 11 :n"'Jiyri rinnnn nyn^n npw
excess of the cloths of the tent, the extra
-jiK nKnni n-'ii^Tpn n\u'n2 y^p_
half-cloth shall overlap the back of the Taber- brii<.ri-ni<. ninni nx'p'pn a^pijpri
nacle, 13 while the extra cubit at either end of nVnîi c]iVn m.Dii; :"TnK n"'m
each length of tent cloth shall hang down to the nipn nQiyn nynin ^yu briKri
bottom of the two sides of the Tabernacle and n-m n?3Krni? :]3U^?3n nhK bv
cover it. iÂnd make for the tent a covering of
bTii<^r[ nyn^ "q-ixn qiVn n-m njaKm
tanned ram skins, and a covering of dolphin
n-TpT nm ]3U7?3n ^jybv nno n^n^
skins above.
nny brikb nopn rr'ti^yi u : inoD^
isYou shall make the planks for the Taber-
nacle of acacia wood, upright. i^The length of
each plank shall be ten cubits and the width of 3 .r[bv)2b}2
each plank a cubit and a half. i~Each plank shall

have two tenons, parallel^' to each other; do the
same with all the planks of the Tabernacle. iÔf
the planks of the Tabernacle, make twenty
planks on the south'^ side: i^making
n'^K ri'iibp'n inKnvJi^b niT mp i^
fort)^ silver
sockets under the twenty planks, two sockets
under the one plank for its two tenons and two
]^p^b nû/ipn-riK nwi is
:i3U7?3n
sockets under each following plank for its two :m)p"'n n3;\j nxQ"? u;-i.i7 anU/y
tenons; 20and for the other side wall of the Tab- nnn nti/yn r^D^-^JiK n^v^liSl ^^
ernacle, on the north side, twent)' planks, -'with \:7-ij7ri-nnn whi^. "'iu/ li^lifn nnt^v
their forty silver sockets, two sockets under the -nnn "nK 'jwi vnT" ^npb iriKn
one plank and two sockets under each following
y^y'pTô :T'm;' mvjb "rnxn u^nj^n
plank. 22And for the rear of the Tabernacle, to
Dnu/y ]i3y ni<^b n^mri isi^Kjn
the west, make six planks; 23and make two
'>l\U C]D3 ari'iJlK "Vn-lK") 21 :U;-|j7
planks for the corners of the Tabernacle at the
rear. 24(^-xhey shall match at the bottom, and wnK •'JU7T "rnKH u;"i.i?,ri nnn n^JiK
terminate alike at the top inside one ring;-'' thus 13u;)2n in3~!i^T2; nn^n ^li^n nnn
shall it be with both of them: they shall form •'JU7123 :D"'U7-ip n\LJw nyj^n nipi
the two corners. 25Xhus there shall be eight
planks with their sockets of silver: sixteen sock-

hunVp D-ipK'n T'n;'T24 :D^n3-i:'3
ets, two sockets under the first plank, and two
sockets under each of the other planks.
nVyp^n 'ju;^ nn^JU^'? n-'.n-' ]3 nnxn
b Meaning of Heb. meshullaboth uncertain, Dn^JiKT D"'u;"ip r[:ir2\LJ vn^y=' -.vn^
"
c Heb. uses two terms for "south.
169
TORAH EXODUS 26.26 terumah nmin i3 m?3U/ n-nn
26You shall make bars of acacia wood: five for
the planks of the one side wall of the Tabernacle,

27five bars for the planks of the other side wall
of the Tabernacle, and five bars for the planks

of the wall of the Tabernacle at the rear to the
n\i7nm 27 nriKn ]3u;73ri-y'7Y w'^\?b
west. -«The center bar halfway up the planks
shall run from end to end. -"Ôverlay the planks
with gold, and make their rings of gold, as ]3U7)3n v'py "'U/ii?'? nnnn nii^nni
holders for the bars; and overlay the bars with
gold. -^"Then set up the Tabernacle according :nYi7n-'7K nyi7rT-])3 niinn D^wipn
to the manner of it that you were shown on the -riKi nnr riB'^n D-iwipn-nKi 29
mountain.
nnnn^ D"'n3 nnr npvn bn^'nyiiy
nni7m 3" :nnT Dminn-riK rTiByi

-''lYou shall make a curtain of blue, purple,
n^Kin ii^K lu3U7)p3 i3\z;73n-nK
and crimson yarns, and fine twisted linen; it
D :"irT3
shall have a design of cherubim worked into it.
-^-Hang it upon four posts of acacia wood over-
laid with gold and having hooks of gold, [set) ny'7ini ipnKT n'ppn nnis r\'>pv^ 31
in four sockets of silver. 33Hang the curtain unnn'K nt^v? ipn nt^y)? ntu/jp \u\^^ "iju;
der the clasps, and carry the Ark of the Pact

there, behind the curtain, so that the curtain
nnr Dnîi nnt n''3y?p nûu; ^'1^'I2V
shall serve you as a partition between the Holy
-riK nnnji33 :qD3-"'nK nvinK'^^V
and the Holy of Holies. -"^-^Place the cover upon
the Ark of the Pact in the Holy of Holies.
nrîij nKnni "''p-iii'rT nnn n^-isn
35Place the table outside the curtain, and the

lampstand by the south wall of the Tabernacle
opposite the table, which is to be placed by the ]1"!K "7^ niEjan-riK 'rinî 34 : uwi'^n
north wall. -jiK rinu;"!35 :D"'U7"ri7n u/ips niyn
36You shall make a screen for the entrance of
the Tent, of blue, purple, and crimson yarns,

and fine twisted linen, done in embroidery.
-^^Make five posts of acacia wood for the screen
and overlay them with gold — their hooks being n^pn hrikri nna'p ^T|D)p rT't:;yT36
of gold — and cast for them five sockets of
copper. îmv nwnn •qDJp'p n-'u/yv^- iDp'i
nnt DH-'i") nni bn'K rriQ^T u^W
170
TORAH EXODUS 27.16 terumah nm-in n m)3U/ nmn
97
^ / You shall make the altar of acacia wood, TD
five cubits long and five cubits wide —the altar
is to be square —and three cubits high. 2Make :lri)pp ni?3K \ub\u'\ nimn ^rr^rii
its horns on the four corners, the horns to be
Mi)3r2 vn'ns yn-iK ^7^ vnnp_ rr't^yi 2
of one piece with it; and overlay it with copper.
.n\LJ'm in'K rr'svi vnr\p_ y^.rin
3Make the pails for removing its ashes, as well
vrip-imT vv1^ îwib Vnn-'D n^p^J) 3
as its scrapers, basins, flesh hooks, and fire
pans — make all its utensils of copper. ^Make for niuvn t''73-'7d'7 TijinnTpT vm'pmi
it a grating of meshwork in copper; and on the
mesh make four copper rings at its four corners.
5Set the mesh below, under the ledge of the altar, nn'K nnnjT 5 : vniyp y^nK bv np'h;
so that it extends to the middle of the altar. 6And
rin^ri) nun^jp nismrT nsn? nnri
make poles for the altar, poles of acacia wood,
and overlay them with copper. ''The poles shall
be inserted into the rings, so that the poles re-

nn'K rrisyi o'luu; ""yv i^n nimb
main on the two sides of the altar when it is car- vm nVny^ T'ln-riK Kninv -.nvj'm
ried. SMake it hollow, of boards. As you were riKt^^ nnran nV'7y ''np-bv D^'iiin
shown on the mountain, so shall they be made. ~iU7K3 iriK nu7vn n'n'7 mnjs nriK
"^You shall make the enclosure of the Taber-
nacle:
]3U7)2rT lYn nx n^Pv"]^
On the south side," a hundred cubits of hang-
ings of fine twisted linen for the length of the
enclosure on that side — lOwith its twenty posts

and their twenty sockets of copper, the hooks nnU/y Dn-inKi nntiî; vitpv) 10
and bands of the posts to be of silver. :C1D3 nrfiû/ni anâvn ^)) riu/'m
1 'Again a hundred cubits of hangings for its nK)3 "'y^p îks ]l3y riKDb' pi"
length along the north side —with its twenty
posts and their twenty sockets of copper, the
nn"'i7\f7ni D"'"i33vn ^^^ n\^m bni?;?;
hooks and bands of the posts to be of silver.
'-For the width of the enclosure, on the west

side, fifty cubits of hangings, with their ten posts
and their ten sockets.
'3For the width of the enclosure on the front, nrnjn njpnp. nti^b nynn iinni's
or east side, fifty cubits: '^fifteen cubits of hang- n)3K niti/v mm '-4 : niax n^wipn
ings on the one flank, with their three posts and
their three sockets; '5fifteen cubits of hangings
nipv \ur2n mhwri 'cinabi '5 : npbp
on the other flank, with their three posts and
their three sockets; 'ând for the gate of the en-
a Cf. note at 26.18.
171
TORAH EXODUS 27.16 terumah nmin n r\M2\U min
closure, a screen of twenty cubits, of blue, pur-
ple, and crimson yarns, and fine twisted linen,
done in embroidery, with their four posts and

their four sockets.
'"All the posts round the enclosure shall be

banded with silver and their hooks shall be of
:nu;'nj n''nK"! ^V2 nr}'>'])
silver; their sockets shall be of copper.
inn'-ii n)3K;? nka °"i:vnn ^-ik «
'8The length of the enclosure shall be a hun- I
dred cubits, and the width fifty throughout; and niKJK vjr^n nnpi D-'ii/nnn D''\Fpn
the height five cubits — [with hangings] of fine ''73 '7D^ i^>
:n\U'm Dn"'J~|Kl ITU/Jp \IJ\IJ
twisted linen. The sockets shall be of copper:

t: yr ••: t: at-: ^-r It:--
iâll the utensils of the Tabernacle,'' for all its
D '.n]i;'n2 -i2^nn mn"'
service, as well as all its pegs and all the pegs
of the court, shall be of copper.
TETSAWEH
20Y0U shall further instruct the Israelites to inp^T bk']\u'> ^J^riK I myn nnKi2o
bring you clear oil of beaten olives for lighting,
for kindling lamps regularly. 21 Aaron and his
n^na^ pnnnvin '7riK^2i :T'pn ij
sons shall set them up in the Tent of Meeting,
outside the curtain which is over [the Ark of]
b^ly npn np^ 'Jd'? "ij^'in-ii; niyn
the Pact, [to burn] from evening to morning
before the Lord. It shall be a due from the Is-
raelites for all time, throughout the ages.
28 You shall bring forward your brother pHK-HK ""^'^K nnpn nnxT I I mmJ
Aaron, with his sons, from among the Israelites, bK-w-> 'J3 "qinp iriK T'jn-nKT ^'hK
to serve Me as priests: Aaron, Nadab and Abihu,
Eleazar and Ithamar, the sons of Aaron. -Make
t:7"T'i7-'in n'>pv) 2 : pHK "'n npn''N'i
sacral vestments for your brother Aaron, for
nnKi 3 : n-iKpn"?! nlnn^ ^'Hn i'^r\i<,b
dignity and adornment. ^Next you shall instruct
T-riK^p iu;k n'7-')ppn-'73-'7K -i3in
all who are "skillful, whom have endowed with I
the gift of skill," to make Aaron's vestments, wi\?b prtK '~i:i3-nK wv^ njpDn nn
for consecrating him to serve Me as priest. wy>_ "1U7K DnA^rr n'pNVi :"''7njn5^
''These are the vestments they are to make: a riQjya ynu/n njriDi '7-'yDT Hqnt ]\u'n
breastpiece, an ephod, a robe, a fringed'' tunic,
a headdress, 'and a sash. They shall make those
h I.e., of the Tabernacle enclosure: the furnishingi inside were of

gold.
a-a Lit. "wise of heart, whom I have fitted with a ipirit of wisiloni.
"
h Others "checkered.
^
TORAH EXODUS 28.20 tetsavveh myn n^ m?3U; nmn
sacral vestments for your brother Aaron and his

sons, for priestly service to Me; sthey, therefore, ny'?ln-nKT innxn-nKi n'p^rin-nKi
shall receive the gold, the blue, purple, and
crimson yarns, and the fine linen.
]m")Ki nb^pi nnf iQKn-riK wv) e
6They shall make the ephod of gold, of blue,
:n\iyn n)uv)2 ntu/n u/u/t '')\u nvb'\r\
purple, and crimson yarns, and of fine twisted
linen, worked into designs. Ît shall have two
'JU7-^K i^"n;!rT;: nnn'n nanp ^npy
shoulder-pieces attached; they shall be attached v^v -iu;k in^QK nu;ni « :niin"! vnlyp
at its two ends. Ând the decorated band that l^nKT n'ppn nriT r[;>,r\^, ^m-n inu;i7)?3
is upon it shall be made like it, of one piece with -riK nn^pb)^ nwi2 u/u/i iw ny'7ln'i
it: of gold, of blue, purple, and crimson yarns, nm\i; wn^bv. ^\nn^^ wri^j-inK ''np
and of fine twisted linen. ^Then take two lazuli
stones and engrave on them the names of the

nnniJiri htoh nlnuz-nxi ripKn
sons of Israel: lOsix of their names on the one
nu;y)pn tnm'plnB n\j\iyri ]nKri-'7i;
stone, and the names of the remaining six on
the other stone, in the order of their birth.
^nu;-nK hnan nnn \rnn3"]nKû;in
iiQn the two stones you shall make seal n'3p5p '^Kl^'' ""i^^
n)2Vj-bv u^^'^kti
engravings — the work of a lapidary —of the ny2mn :nnK nu/vn nnr niynu/n
names of the sons of Israel. Having bordered
them with frames of gold, i2attach the two -jiK prjK ^nb
K\i7Ji '7K-it:7^ fnar
stones to the shoulder-pieces of the ephod, as
TiDnp ^r\\ij-bv npT ]z^b nnlnip
stones for remembrance of the Israelite people,
D : n3T^
whose names Aaron shall carry upon his two
shoulder-pieces for remembrance before the
Lord. npvi2 uriK npvn nb:im -linu nnt
i3Then make frames of gold iând two chains -bv nnnyn nnu/nuz-riK nnnji n'li?
of pure gold; braid these like corded work, and

fasten the corded chains to the frames.
isYou shall make a breastpiece of decision,
worked into a design; make it in the style of the

:lnK nt^yri "iT\^)p \L^p) '')\u nvl^lni
ephod: make it of gold, of blue, purple, and
nnn lanx nnr "7^33 niji'^, vinnie
crimson yarns, and of fine twisted linen, iît
shall be square and doubled, a span in length

ny3"!K ]3K riKVpin nK^pi 17 :i:nn"i
and a span in width. i^Set in it mounted stones, mun npnni nnuQ dhk mu ]3k aniu
in four rows of stones. The first row shall be a : tj'prrî "i^sp Tjaj -"jit/rT niuriT is : tnKri
row of '^carnelian, chrysolite, and emerald; i^the :n)p^nK") inu; nu;'? w^b\Nr\ -nun) 19
second row: a turquoise, a sapphire, and an am- nu/T niunpo

u;"'\îri 'V''3in
ethyst; '9the third row: a jacinth, an agate, and
a crystal; 20and the fourth row: a beryl, a lapis
lazuli, and a jasper. They shall be framed with
c See V. 30 below; others "judgment."

d The identity of several of these twelve stones is uncertain.
173
TORAH EXODUS 28.20 tetsavveh myn n3 m?3U/ n-nn
gold in their mountings. 2iThe stones shall cor-

respond [in number] to the names of the sons bnin TnnQ urinw-bv nntyy u^dm)
of Israel: twelve, corresponding to their names. : unu; '^\uv '>^\ub p^^nn '\r2\u-bv u/^k
They shall be engraved like seals, each with its
n'pnA n\u-\p ]u;'nn-'7V ri"'t^V")'^
name, for the twelve tribes.
--On the breastpiece make braided chains of

-'7V •TT'tiy V"! '- '
"'i'7V ^171 ^^^ ^pV.^
corded work in pure gold. ^'*Make two rings of
gold on the breastpiece, and fasten the two rings nnnjT î : ]\u'nn n^'iip ^:iû~bv mi; -lun
at the two ends of the breastpiece, 24attaching n'ynun "'nu;"'7y nnin nnny 'nuz-riK
the two golden cords to the two rings at the ends ^n\u hl2^p 'nu; nxi 2? : ]u;nrT nwp-'^K
of the breastpiece. 25Then fasten the two ends nl^3u;)3n "'nu;-'?:; ]nn nnnyn
of the cords to the two frames, which you shall
:VJE) '7in-'7K "T'QKri nlDJiD-'^y nnnji
attach to the shoulder-pieces of the ephod, at
Dn'K n?pu;i nnr niyny '>n\u rriu/V") ^^
the front. ^^Make two rings of gold and attach
1U7K mîu-b:; ]u;nn niYp ^:i\ij'bv
them to the two ends of the breastpiece, at its
inner edge, which faces the ephod. -Ând make inu; h-'u/y-) ^- -.
nn^n iQKii '^'^V'bK
two other rings of gold and fasten them on the Nnu7-'7V DHK nnnjT nni nlynu
front of the ephod, low on the two shoulder- V2B bmr2 nun^n "fi3><n mbnp
pieces, close to its seam above the decorated :Ti3Kn nwn"? bvipfz irrinnn ny?)jb
band. ^sThe breastpiece shall be held in place vnynun iny::un ]U7nn-nK iD3"i"'i28
by a cord of blue from its rings to the rings of
ni;'rT'7 n'pin b^n^:i laxn nVnu-'^K
the ephod, so that the breastpiece rests on the
bvri ]u;nn nr-k'p") TiaKn nu/p-'^y
decorated band and does not come loose from
-''n nlnu;-nK prtK Kt^JT 29 : tidkh
the ephod. ^Âaron shall carry the names of the
sons of Israel on the breastpiece of decision over iKnn ^b-b)j u|u/?3rT ]\^'n3 bk-]^-'
his heart, when he enters the sanctuary, for re- :T'7pri mn-'-'jQV psr^ wiipn-'^K
membrance before the Lord at all times, -''oin- brnKH-riK vB\uy2ri ]u;n-'7K nriJT3o
side the breastpiece of decision you shall place iK'n^ pHK n'7-'7V vr[^ umnrl-ni<,^
the Urim and Thummim,'' so that they are over
-1J3 usu/p-nx pHK Ktf7Ji mn"" "'jp'?
Aaron's heart when he comes before the Lord.

D :T')pn mn"' '>}Bb '\:2.b-bv bi^']p'>
Thus Aaron shall carry the instrument of de-
: n^Dn '7-''73 TiDKn '7"'i7?p-nK n'^pv'] -^
cision for the Israelites over his heart before the
Lord at all times.

T'Ejyn^n;' natf/ I3inn iif/Ki-'Q niji) 32
"You shall make the robe of the ephod of

pure blue.'^^xhe opening for the head shall be ^'m'^ T'îu;-'7V n^'wyv^.^ :y-ij7T k"?
in the middle ofit; the opening shall have a bind-

ing of woven work round about — it shall be like
the opening of a coat of mail — so that it does

not tear. ^Ôn its hem make pomegranates of
«r Meaning of these two wonli iinccrtiiin. Tlicy iloigtuite u kind
of oracle; cf. Num. 27.21.
f Otheti "all of blue.
174
TORAH EXODUS 29.1 TETSAVVEH myn U3 m?3U7 n-nn
blue, purple, and crimson yarns, all around the

hem, with bells of gold between them all
around: 34a golden bell and a pomegranate, a

''bwbv ]i)3-ii nriT ]bi73 pja"!") hni
golden bell and a pomegranate, all around the
n'}\Ljb pHK"'?:; niri) 35 : n-'no '7"'i;)2n
hem of the robe. 35Aaron shall wear it while
mn'' ""JQ^ U7"Tpn-'7K iknn '\b'\p ijp\i;i)
officiating, so that the sound of it is heard when
he comes into the sanctuary before the Lord
and when he goes out — that he may not die. vbv nnriQ^ nlnu nnt y2f nwv)^^
36You shall make a frontlet of pure gold and in'K rintî3' '^'P^^ ^li? °^ri "'pin?
engrave on it the seal inscription: "Holy to the -bK nQJY>3rT-'7V n-'Hi nîn b^r\B-bv
Lord." 37Suspend it on a cord of blue, so that
-bv "^TTim 38 : nin"' nQjyran-'jQ bm
it may remain on the headdress; it shall remain
]"ii;-nK prtK Kti/Ji priK nvp
on the front of the headdress, ^ît shall be on
Aaron's forehead, that Aaron may take away any
sin arising from the holy things that the Isra-
elites consecrate, from any of their sacred do- :TT\r['' ÎBb Djl^ ]mb
nations; it shall be on his forehead at all times, \i;\ij nj'nan nyniî 39
to win acceptance for them before the Lord.

39You shall make the fringed tunic of fine :np ntz/izp ntz/yn unKi
linen.
Dn^ p-'U/yi njriD nujvn Y"inN 'jnî 40
You shall make the headdress of fine linen.
You shall make the sash of embroidered

pnK-nx bn'K nu7ii'7m4i :n-iKQri'7T
work.
40And for Aaron's sons also you shall make
tunics, and make sashes for them, and make tur- ijnpi ariK nu/ipi dttik riK^?pi
bans for them, for dignity and adornment. 4 1 Put

these on your brother Aaron and on his sons -iu;3 nipD^ nn-'pJDu hrib nu;i7'!42
as well; anoint them, and ordain thems and con- VrTi43 iîrf ^DT-nvi D"'Jri?3p mi^
secrate them to serve Me as priests.
42You shall also make for them linen breeches

to cover their nakedness; they shall extend from
the hips to the thighs. -i^They shall be worn by
D57ly njp.n mp) fiy inu;:'-k'71 u;ij?5
Aaron and his sons when they enter the Tent D :innK iyn^T ^b
of Meeting or when they approach the altar to

officiate in the sanctuary, so that they do not
incur punishment and die. It shall be a law for
all time for him and for his offspring to come.
29 This is what you shall do to them in con-

secrating them to serve Me as priests: Take a ipK '^B np/-" >b ]r['2b nnx u/'i.p^
g Lit. "and fill their hands."
175
TORAH EXODUS 29.1 TETSAVVEH myn UD maw nmn
young bull of the herd and two rams without

blemish; -also unleavened bread, unleavened •'p-'piT inwn ri'7i'72i n'YD ri'^rn nlyn
cakes with oil mixed in, and unleavened wafers nt^yn 'un nb'v ]?3W5 a"'nu;p niyn
spread with oil — make these of choice wheat ifiK '^p-'^v bniK nn^v -.nriK
tlour. 'Place these in one basket and present
>)\ij DKi "lariTiKi "^pn nn'K nnnprn
them in the basket, along with the bull and the
two rams. ^Lead Aaron and his sons up to the
entrance of the Tent of Meeting, and wash them nn'K n^fn-ji ivm briK nns-'^K
with water. '^Then take the vestments, and
clothe Aaron with the tunic, the robe of the "[qkh b''V'n riKi ninsn-riK pnK-riN
ephod, the ephod, and the breastpiece, and gird
him with the decorated band of the ephod. '^Put
the headdress on his head, and place the holy

nnp^v :najY?3n-'7i; u/ii^n iTrriK
diadem upon the headdress. ^Take the anoint-
ing oil and pour it on his head and anoint him.
•'^Then bring his sons forward; clothe them with
tunics "ând wind turbans upon them. And gird unK DJiK ri"iAniy :njn3 nnm'pm
both Aaron and his sons with sashes. And so
they shall have priesthood as their right for all D^îy nipn"? njna nn^
time.
nnipm 1" :T'j:3-tt prrK-T n^bm
You shall then ordain Aaron and his sons.
]-inK "ippi ivm briK 'jab nan-riK
lOLead the bull up to the front of the Tent of
nan \ui<-^-b:; Dnn.:'-nK vn^
Meeting, and let Aaron and his sons lay their
hands upon the head of the bull. "Slaughter the

nn|) mn^ ^:^b "isn-riK nunu/in
bull before the Lord, at the entrance of the Tent nnriJi nsn nin nripb) i^ :iyla brii<.
of Meeting, iând take some of the bull's blood -'73-nK'i "^VB^Kn n3T)3n njii7-'7V
and put it on the horns of the altar with your jinp'pi 13 :n3T)3rT iiD"'-'7K -\ii\ijr\ nin
finger; then pour out the rest of the blood at
nki n-i.ipn-riK npDnn 3'7nn-'73-nK
the base of the altar. ^Take all the fat that covers
'
the entrails, the protuberance on the liver, and

n-iupni ]n"''7y nu/K nb^nn-riKi
the two kidneys with the fat on them, and turn
liy-riKT Ssn -iW3-nKi 14 innnmn
them into smoke upon the altar. I'The rest of
the flesh of the bull, its hide, and its dung shall
mn)3^ y^r^•l2 u/k^ ^"^^^^ w^^B-nK^
be put to the fire outside the camp; it is a sin :Kin riNun

offering. pHK lanpT npn inxn '7iKrT-nKT is
'5Next take the one ram, and let Aaron and :'7-'Kn iz/Ki-'^y DrfT-JiK vni
his sons lay their hands upon the ram's head.
"'Slaughter the ram, and take its blood and dash
it against all sides of the altar, '"(ût up the ram
viJ-]2^ i3")p nyniT vnnjb' nnan
into sections, wash its entrails and legs, and put
them with its quarters and its head. '^ Turn all
niupm i« :lu;K'T'7yT vnnrb'y nnji
TORAH EXODUS 29.28 tetsavveh myn ud mniy n-nn
of the ram into smoke upon the altar. It is a nrn^b Kin nb'v nnimri^b-'kn-bTnK
burnt offering to the Lord, a pleasing odor, an
offering by fire to the Lord.
]inK 'quDi 'Ji^n '^"'Kn hk r\n\pb']i9
i^Then take the other ram, and let Aaron and
:'7''KrT \iji<ybv rT"'T-nK vni
his sons lay their hands upon the ram's head.
20Slaughter the ram, and take some of its blood
imp J^npî 'îKH-riK riunu;i2o
and put it on the ridge" of Aaron's right ear and

on the ridges of his sons' right ears, and on the n"'j?p^rT hii ]ri:i-bv) n^jjp^n vn ]t"k
thumbs of their right hands, and on the big toes

of their right feet; and dash the rest of the blood n"in-])p rini?î2i :n^nD nsmrT-'?^
against every side of the altar round about.
2iTake some of the blood that is on the altar and
''l^n-'î/T VJin'^^Vl T'"1A^"'7V1 pHK-'^y
some of the anointing oil and sprinkle upon
npT vn^ T'ip'i ^"1!^ ^î?! 'iJîiS T'J;i
Aaron and his vestments, and also upon his sons
and his sons' vestments. Thus shall he and his
:lnx vn
vestments be holy, as well as his sons and his n^^Km n^nn '7:'Kri-])3 rini7b''!22
sons' vestments. nk) nnln-riK noDpn i n^nn-nKi

22You shall take from the ram the fat -riKT n'i^Bn ""riu; i riKi inan nnn'''
parts — the broad tail, the fat that covers the en- 3 T'Tp^n pw nxi ]r}bv -i\i7k n'pnrr
trails, the protuberance on the liver, the two kid-
nriK n'p ~i3DT23 :Kin n^K^n b'>K
neys with the fat on them —and the right thigh;
npK
for this is a ram of ordination. 23Add one flat
^b\Dy2 iriK p'>\?^) ]W
Ô"? ^^^}
Van ri)3U7"i24 inin;' 'jq^ -iu/k nlyjan
loaf of bread, one cake of oil bread, and one
wafer, from the basket of unleavened bread uriK riQjrr") vn '33 "7:71 priK 'S? "7^
that is before the Lord. 24piace all these on the DTP briK rini?^'] 25 mn^ ^)^b nsn^ri :
palms of Aaron and his sons, and offer them nn> n^yri-'7i; nnsTpn n")y|?rT"i
as an elevation offering before the Lord. 25Take '.nrn^b Kin nwi<. nin^ \:i^b n'in"'J
them from their hands and turn them into b''K'?)3n '7"'K)3 ntnn-riK nnp'î 26
K/
smoke upon the altar with the burnt offering,
""JD^ naijn iriK najni f\r\i<.b -iu/k
as a pleasing odor before the Lord; it is an
I nx nîi?i27 ',r];i)2b "nb n-'ni mn^
offering by fire to the Lord.
26Then take the breast of Aaron's ram of or-

"IU7K nnnnn pw hki nEJijnn ntn
dination and offer it as an elevation offering be- "lU/Kp n"'K'7)3n''7"'K)? DTH II^KI tqJIH
fore the Lord; it shall be your portion. 27You pHK^ n^ni 28 : vnb "lU/Kpi nriK^
shall consecrate the breast that was offered as ''3 nKp D^lypn^ lib"?!
bk'^^;'' ""js
an elevation offering and the thigh that was ">n nxp n-'H"' nDnni *Kin nwnn
offered as a gift offering from the ram of
ordination — from that which was Aaron's and
from that which was his sons' — 28and those
parts shall be a due for all time from the Israelites
fl Or "lobe." "K-in" iivum in-iaD v. 28.
177
TORAH EXODUS 29.28 tetsavveh myn U3 ^^^)2\U nmn
to Aaron and his descendants. For they are a

gift; and so shall they be a gift from the Israelites,
their gift to the Lord out of their sacrifices of
well-being.
-'^The sacral vestments of Aaron shall pass on

to his sons after him, for them to be anointed
and ordained in. -'ORe among his sons who be-

comes priest in his stead, who enters the Tent
of Meeting to officiate within the sanctuary, -riK nb^J:l^ npn D"'K'7)3n b'-'K nKiî
shall wear them seven days. TijnT priK "^DKi i2 : u/ij? Dpaî ntpn
^'You shall take the ram of ordination and
boil its flesh in the sacred precinct; -^-ând Aaron
-lU/K bn'K i^3K'i33 :ivm "^HK nns
and his sons shall eat the flesh of the ram, and
the bread that is in the basket, at the entrance
of the Tent of Meeting. -^-''These things shall be
eaten only by those for whom expiation was "ii7nn-iv Dn'prT-]^ "'K'^^n "iwâ
made with them when they were ordained and

-•'3 '^DK^ K^ U7K3 -inliiri-nK nîm
consecrated; they may not be eaten by a layman,
for they are holy. ^Ând if any of the flesh of -"lU/K "733 n33 vnh^ nnK^ r\'>\b:j'\ 35
ordination, or any of the bread, is left until

:a"r^ K'pnn D^n^ nvnu; ^^n'K ''n'>^;:i
morning, you shall put what is left to the fire;

nQ3ri-'7V hvb nu/yn nKun idi 36
it shall not be eaten, for it is holy.
nnu;jpT vb:; "^"i??^ nimri-bv JiKum
-^5Thus you shall do to Aaron and his sons,
just as I have commanded you. You shall ordain -^V "is^ri wiî ny3u;37 -.wipb m'K
them through seven days, 36and each day you

shall prepare a bull as a sin offering for expia- D :uîi?:' r!^T)33 yA:in-'73 wvji^?
tion; you shall purge the altar by performing D"'tz;33 nniKin-'^y nti/yn nu/K nn38
purification upon it, and you shall anoint it to -nK3y rTpn nvb n-'ju; njuz-ija
consecrate it. 37Seven days you shall perform
t:;n3rT hxi -ij7'33 nU/yri inxn u/nsn
purification for the altar to consecrate it, and
p\i7yi4o :n"'3-ivn ]'''^ nt^vJ^ ""J^n
the altar shall become most holy; whatever
qoiiiivn ynn h^ns ])3\^3 'î'^^ nVb
touches the altar shall become consecrated.
38Now this is what you shall offer upon the
nKi4i :inKn W'^^b ]'^,i
yriri jrivn-i
altar: two yearling lambs each day, regularly. nnj)33 D^nivn I'ln nu/yn 'jit^n ti/nsn
^''You shall offer the one lamb in the morning,

and you shall offer the other lamb at twilight.
'•"There shall be a tenth of a measure of choice
flour with a quarter ot a hin of beaten oil mixed
in, and a libation ot a quarter ///// of wine for
one lamb; "and you shall offer the other lamb
at twilight, repeating with it the meal offering
TORAH EXODUS 30.9 tetsavveh myn b TWmj nmn
of the morning with its Hbation —an offering D"'n'in^ Turi n'7y42 -.nrri^b n^K
by fire for a pleasing odor to the Lord, 42a reg-
ular burnt offering throughout the generations,

: nu; "^^^K nni^ n)3U; dd^ iv^k iu/k
at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting before
the Lord.
For there I will meet with you, and there

-riKI lyin '^HK-riK mp^p) 44 :i-|b32
I
will speak with you, 43and there I will meet with

the Israelites, and it shall be sanctified by My
Presence. 441 will sanctify the Tent of Meeting •JK ^2 ii;Ti46 :wr\bi<.b wnb 'n^m
and the altar, and I will consecrate Aaron and
his sons to serve Me as priests. 45i will abide
nrn'> îk npin:; "'PV^^ n^'l^JP pJi^P
among the Israelites, and I will be their God.
46And they shall know that I the Lord am their
God, who brought them out from the land of

Egypt that I might abide among them, I the
Lord their God.
30 You shall make an altar for burning in- ''^v nnup lupp nnrp n->\ij:j'\ b
cense; make it of acacia wood. 2It shall be a cubit n)3Kl 'i31>^ n)3K2 :iriK nu/yn dw
long and a cubit wide — it shall be square — and iii)2?p injpp ''n)3Ki r[^r\'> y^nn iiann
two cubits high, its horns of one piece with it.
iHTiK liny nni ijik rrisyi 3 tTiJiJij?
Ôverlay it with pure gold: its top, its sides
rr't^yi T'mp-nKi n^no vn'-i-'p-nK')
round about, and its horns; and make a gold
molding for it round about. 4And make two nnt n'yû ^''np^ 4 : n-inu nni nt 1^
gold rings for it under its molding; make them '>np bv liT^ nnnn 1 iV-nu/i^ri
on its two side walls, on opposite" sides. They n^n-) v-iy ^;ip~bi; niuvn iw^y
shall serve as holders for poles with which to tnnnii in'K nKph w^'ib wn'ib
carry it. sMake the poles of acacia wood, and
overlay them with gold.
:3rTT Dn'K
6Place it in front of the curtain that is over
the Ark of the Pact — in front of the cover that
is over the Pact —where I will meet with you.

''On it Aaron shall burn aromatic incense: he vbv Tiupriv :n)3U; ^^ ivik -iu;k
shall burn it every morning when he tends the in-'p-'ri:? '^\?±^ ij^'nn uîpv niyj; priK
lamps, Sand Aaron shall burn it at twilight when fnrjK ri'7i7rT:?i8 rmTUj?;! nnîrT-nK
he lights the lamps — a regular incense offering
before the Lord throughout the ages. ^You shall

^bvn-i<b9 :DD-'nni^ nin^ '>)^b Tpn
not offer alien incense on it, or a burnt offering
Kb t|d|i nnjwT nVvi nnt nnyp vj?:?
or a meal offering; neither shall you pour a
a Lit. "its two."
179
TORAH EXODUS 30.9 tetsavveh m2fn b mKJU; min
libation on it. 'OQnce a year Aaron shall perform

purification upon its horns with blood of the
sin offering of purification; purification shall be
-\:7-F'j7 DD^n'ii'? rhv "iqd-" njwn
performed upon it once a year throughout the
Q -.Twrvh Kin dû/ip
ages. It is most holy to the Lord.
KI TISSA' KU/n ""D
"The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: '^When

you take a census of the Israelite people accord- "nnnj^Q^ ^'?k-iw''-'J3 u/K'n-riK Kti/n
ing to their enrollment, each shall pay the Lord
DHK ipQn mn"'^ iu/DJ "IQ3 \u'>K liinii
a ransom for himself on being enrolled, that no
I nil' :nnK ipQ3 qij ann h-'h^'-k'?!
plague may come upon them through their be-
ing enrolled. '•''This is what everyone who is en-
tered in the records shall pay: a half-shekel by '7i7\i7n nna nnu/y ^l|?n "îû/î bpWTi
the sanctuary' weight — twenty gerahs to the 73 14 : ^[yn^b nmm b\?]^r[ n"'2fn)p
shekel — a half-shekel as an offering to the Lord. mip Dntz/v ]3p nnpQn-'^y "inVn
''Even.'one who is entered in the records, from -iiu;i7ni5 ;'r[vi'' nnnn ]n^ n^yjpi
the age of twenty years up, shall give the Lord's
n-'^rDsp vvri'! i
: n3''n"U73rî7
giving the Lord's offering as expiation for your
persons. i^You shall take the expiation money lriK nnjT bk-]\u'> ^n n^-n nnssn
from the Israelites and assign it to the service •'hb "n^ni ii;l?3 briK npy-'^y
of the Tent of Meeting; it shall serve the Israelites -b); -iQ3^ r[)rT> 'JD'7 P"i3T^ bi<-i\u->
as a reminder before the Lord, as expiation for £3 : n3''nU73J

your persons.
n-iu/yi '8 :i)pK^ ni^b-^K mn"' '^^'v^ '^
•''The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: '^Make

rinj") nyn")^ riu;'nj ipi n\u'm ni^s
a laver of copper and a stand of copper for it,
nnjT nimri pni lyin '7n'K-]''3 inx

for washing; and place it between the Tent of
Meeting and the altar. Put water in it, •'ând let
^m12 Tijni ]-inK iyhit^ -.wi^ njaw
Aaron and his sons wash their hands and feet -bK DK33 2" : DrT"''7n-nKi Dnn-'-nK
[ in water drawn from ] it. ôwhen they enter the 1K inpT iib) D^p-iyn-)"' lyin briK,
Terjt of Meeting they shall wash with water, that T'up'n'7 niirnn-'^K nnu^p
niif;'?
they may not die; or when they approach the
Drf'7nT DH"'!"' lYniTî : mn^^ nU7K
altar to serve, to turn into smoke an offering by
'\b D'7iv-pn Drr"? n^\•>^l^ inp^ i<b^
fire to the Lord, -'they shall wash their hands
3 : uri'iib iy-iT"?!
and feet, that they may not die. It shall be a
law for all time for them — for him and his
offspring — throughout the ages.
180
TORAH EXODUS 30.38 ki tissa' Kwn ID b T^^'^2]U n-nn
22The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 23Next nriKT23 :i)pK'7 nu7n-'7K mn;' n^Tpi
take choice spices: five hundred weight of
soUdified^ myrrh, half as much — two hundred
and fifty —of fragrant cinnamon, two hundred
:D;'nK)pi D-'\i7nn nt^n-mjî ^^P^J?^
and fifty of aromatic cane, 24five hundred —by niKU
the sanctuary weight — of cassia, and a hin of ol-
])3U7i u/ni^ri '7i7U7n \ijy2n n'lp'i 24
ive oil. 25Make of this a sacred anointing oil, a
compound of ingredients expertly blended, to

serve as sacred anointing oil. 26With it anoint -jiK in nn\i7)3T26 innn;' u/np-nnu/p
the Tent of Meeting, the Ark of the Pact, 27the -nKi27 '.nivri p-iK nxi ivm briif,
table and all its utensils, the lampstand and all

-nKi nnj)?rT-nKi T'^3-'73-nK'i in^î^n
its fittings, the altar of incense, 28the altar of
nnTn-riKi 28 : nnuipn nntn nxi ri\^3
burnt offering and all its utensils, and the laver
-nKi iân-riK") T'573-'73-nK'i nb'vn
and its stand. 29Thus you shall consecrate them
so that they may be most holy; whatever touches
nwi^? u/i'p vm nriK nu/^p^g nâ
them shall be consecrated. 30You shall also -riKi prrKTiKi 30 :

\:7-ij7i nn^ vjun-b^
anoint Aaron and his sons, consecrating them
to serve Me as priests. ])pu;° inK^? inin bK'yiu'' ^n-bK^^
3 'And speak to the Israelite people, as follows: :n3''n'iT^ ^b nr tt'TI'' u/np-nnu/n
This shall be an anointing oil sacred to Me
throughout the ages. 32it must not be rubbed
: n^b njri'' u/np K^r] u;np inba itpyri
on any person's body, and you must not make
^m'D ]pi'! nu/KT inn3 np"!"' iwk u/^k 33
anything like it in the same proportions; it is
sacred, to be held sacred by you. 33VVhoever D :T')3y)3 nnpji -ir'7V
compounds its like, or puts any of it on a lay-

n-ijap ^^"np nu/b-'?^ mn^ nuK""! 34
man, shall be cut off from his kin. nsTmb^T D-i^jp nj^^ni n^nu/'i quj 1
34And the Lord said to Moses: Take the herbs niup nn'K n^pv)^^ in^ri^ 133 13
stacte, onycha, and galbanum — these herbs to- :\u-i^ -ilnu n^^jpp npli npv)2 nph
gether with pure frankincense; let there be an
\^^b mKjp nrinjypin m)3n ripnu/i 36
equal part of each. 35ivlake them into incense,
n?3u; 3]^ lym iu/k ivln "^riK^ n-iyn
a compound expertly blended, refined, pure,
sacred. 36Beat some of it into powder, and put

niuprrp^ ',u2b n™ Q"'U7"ip u;ip
some before the Pact in the Tent of Meeting, itf/i/n xb' nri;i3j;i)?4i nti/yn -iu;k
where I will meet with you; it shall be most holy u/'iKss :nin''^ 3i^ n^riJi u/ip np^
to you. 3''But when you make this incense, you n'i3Ji n3 nnn^ nijps ntî7r"i^>f
must not make any in the same proportions for
yourselves; it shall be held by you sacred to the
Lord, s^whoever makes any like it, to smell of
it, shall be cut off from his kin.
fc Others "flowing."
181
TORAH EXODUS 31.1 KI TISSA' ••D k"? mX3U; nmn
31 rhe Lord spoke to Moses: -See, I have :i?pK'7 npn-bK mn^ -iiîî i> <
singled out by name Bezalel son of Uri son of
Hur, of the tribe of Judah. H have endowed him

nn iriK k'ptpkt niin:" nun"? mn-]!
3 :
with a divine spirit of skill, ability, and knowl-

-"^Dm nvi:;n njnnm n?pDnn n^rib^
edge in every kind of craft; "^to make designs for
nwijb h:l^jm -^wnb ^ .T]2i<.b)2
work in gold, silver, and copper, -"^to cut stones
for setting and to carve wood — to work in every

]nK nu/'innv^ :nu;nnT ^'022'\ nnn
kind of craft. '^Moreover, I have assigned to him -"^Dn niu/v'? yv riu;inni mib-nh
Oholiab son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan; jiK inx Tirij mn -"jKif^ :nDi<^?p
and I have also granted skill to all who are skill- n'7nT ii-nyjpb' :inD"'nK-]3 :^k^br]i<,
ful, that they may make everything that I have

commanded you: 'the Tent of Meeting, the Ark
briK riK" :'^riiiy ^^^""^3
-ri;1?3 1
for the Pact and the cover upon it, and all the
nu/K n-iQsn-nKi nny^ pNn-riKi
furnishings of the Tent; ^^the table and its uten-
\n'7\i;n-nKi « : ^riKn ''?3''73 nxi vb:;
sils, the pure lampstand" and all its fittings, and
the altar of incense; ^the altar of burnt offering -riKi ninun niJian-riK") vâ-riKi
and all its utensils, and the laver and its stand; -riKT^ :ri"ibpn n^m nxi ri^b3-b:^
'"the service'' vestments, the sacral vestments -il='3rT-nK"i T''73-'73-nKi nbvn nnrn
of Aaron the priest and the vestments of his n>3-nNl Titian "'1J3 HKT 10 :i-13-nKT
sons, for their service as priests; "as well as the Tijn •'"T^n-riK'i ]n3n pr^^b u/npn
anointing oil and the aromatic incense for the
riKT nnu7)3rT ])2p riNTu :in3'7
sanctuary. Just as I have commanded you, they
Tiri"'iy-iU7K "^bs \u-i;^b D-i^jDn nnup
shall do.
i2And the Lord said to Moses: •-'Speak to the

Israelite people and say: Nevertheless, you must
keep My sabbaths, for this is a sign between Me -riK ^K iaK"? bK'^\u^ ^.^^'bi<> "151
and you throughout the ages, that you may 'rn Kin nik """a nbu/n 'n'nnu;
know that I the Lord have consecrated you. mn*' '3K IS nvi^ D3"'n-i"r^ n3"'J"'?i
'•You shall keep the sabbath, for it is holy for •3 niwn-DK nn-i)pwT4 :D3u;ipn
you. He who profanes it shall be put to death:
"ij rDJn^ nin Y\'>bbnn d3^ Kin ]uip
whoever does work on it, that person shall be
Mj^^^ri nn-!3JT n3K^)p nn nt^"yn-'73
cut off from among his kin. ' ^Six days may work
be done, but on the seventh day there shall be ntz/y'' n"'J3T n\ij]u ^^ :n"')3V iili^T^ Kinn
a sabbath of complete rest, holy to the Lord; ]ln3u/ n3\y 'V"'=i^n nvni h3K^n
wheever does work on the sabbath day shall he UV2 n^Kâ nu;Vn-'73 rrp^b u/ip
put to death. '^The Israelite people shall keep '7K-ity-'J3 ^^^'l2^j^\ 1'^ .n'nv nin nnii^n
the sabbath, observing the sabbath throughout
Dniib nî^n-JiK nwijb n^wri-nK.
the ages as a covenant for time: shall be
all '''it
mK bK-^vj'> •J3 i^ni 'j"'3 ! : D'ply nn3
a sign for all time between Me and the people
u Or "lampstand of pure golil.

h Othen "plaited."
1«2
"
TORAH EXODUS 32.8 ki tissa' Ku;n >2 2b mnu/ n-nn
of Israel. For in six days the Lord made heaven mn'' ntpy wib] nu/uz-'a n^^v^ Kin
and earth, and on the seventh day He ceased
from work and was refreshed.
i8\Yhen He finished speaking with him on

Mount Sinai, He gave Moses the two tablets of
the Pact, stone tablets inscribed with the finger
n^nri3 ]2k rinb riivn n'n^ \y\ij 'rp
of God. :D^rTb'K yn^fXB
32 When the people saw that Moses was

so long in coming down from the mountain,
the people gathered against Aaron and said to
him, "Come, make us a god who shall go before

us, for that man Moses, who brought us from
ij^yn nu7x w^kn r^m i nT-'3 m^b
n^n-n)p kb nn^p yixn
the land of Egypt —
we do not know what has
lib' iJV"I^
happened to him." 2Aaron said to them, "Take

nn-Tn \?3n ip-ii pnK bn^K i)3K'"!2
off the gold rings that are on the ears of your Difl'jnT Q3''J3 n2^\Ul ^JTK3 Su/K
wives, your sons, and your daughters, and bring -riK DV"?"^? ipi3ri''i3 :i^K iK-inm
them to me." -Ând all the people took off the -bK iK-'nî n"'JTK3 ni^K nn-Tn •'wn
gold rings that were in their ears and brought
u~in3 Inx ny'ii ni^n ni^^v rprrN
them to Aaron. -^This he took from them and
']'>riî<. r^bK n?px''T n3p?p b^y inu/y:'i
"-cast in a mold,-" and made it into a molten
calf And they exclaimed, ''"This is your god,-^
K-ij7'i V2^b n3T7p ]n='.i prrK K-i'iis
O Israel, who brought you out of the land of
Egypt!" 5When Aaron saw this, he built an altar in^3U7:'T6 :-injp rirnib :in nipK""! pnK
before it; and Aaron announced: "Tomorrow nu7='.l u^r:bp wp^ rib'v ^bv"]) nnniaa
shall be a festival of the Lord!" Êarly next day, 2 : pny^ iTDpî inu;-) '73k'7 uvn
the people offered up burnt offerings and nnu7 '3 TT'H^ nu7b-'7K mni nni"'! 7
brought sacrifices of well-being; they sat down np 8 : '"lyp y-)K?3 rr'^yn '^\UK i\i2V
to eat and drink, and then rose to dance.
nrib iu/y arrîy iwi<. 'q"i."in-]?p -in)?
^The Lord spoke to Moses, "Hurrv' down, for
your people, whom you brought out of the land

of Egypt, have acted basely. SThey have been
"^^bvn nu;K bk'^w^, ']''Tibi< r[bi<, nipK^T
quick to turn aside from the way that I enjoined :nny?p Yl^^
upon them. They have made themselves a mol-
ten calf and bowed low to it and sacrificed to
it, saying: 'This is your god, O Israel, who

brought you out of the land of Egypt!'"
a-a Cf.Zech. iJ.J3(bethhayyoser, "foundry"); others "fashioned

it with a graving tool."
b-b Others "These are your gods.
83
TORAH EXODUS 32.9 ki tissa' KUTi '3 aV m)3U/ mm
^The Lord further said to Moses, "I see that nvn-riK "n^'k-) nu;'n"'7K nin'> "inKî ^
this is a stiffnecked people. 'ONow, let Me be, nnvT '" :i<^n ^'iv-'nvjp-nv mm nrn
that My anger may blaze forth against them and
that may destroy them, and make of you a great
I
nwb '7n"'"! 1
' : '7l"i3i ""li^ -^nlK hU/vkt
nation." "But Moses implored the Lord his
h)n'> nn^ "i)?k^"! ^^^'7K mn"' "'JQtik
God, saying, "Let not Your anger, O Lord, blaze
forth against Your people, whom You delivered
from the land of Egypt with great power and 'Tit^b^^ .•n\?]r\ npi bM} n'D3 nnyn
with a mighty hand. '-Let not the Egyptians say, DK-'Yin nynn n^bK^? nnyn nnK^
'It was with evil intent that He delivered them, •JB bvr2 nrib^bi nnn Dnx nrr'p
only to kill them off in the mountains and an- -b:j nnam-^qk pnn)? "^w npiKn
nihilate them from the face of the earth.' Turn
pny"''? DnnnK^ i5Ti3 -."^mb ny-in
from Your blazing anger, and renounce the plan
^B^nn^ nv:^\u) -iu/k T'iny bk^y^J^>b^
to punish Your people. '-^Remember Your ser-
••nDl^s DDy-irriK nniK nrT'7K nnini
vants, Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, how You
swore to them by Your Self and said to them:
I will make your offspring as numerous as the nmni-) :DVy^ ^"711:1 ddvit'p ]nK
stars of heaven, and I will give to your offspring nlti/y^ "ini "iu;k nynri-'7V mn""
this whole land of which I spoke, to possess for- Q -.mvb
ever." •''And the Lord renounced the punish-
ment He had planned to bring upon His people.

Dnnni; ^2^12 b"'nri3 n'ri^ n^n niyn
i5Thereupon Moses turned and went down
from the mountain bearing the two tablets of
npvp rinbn) "^ :n^nri3 an htdt nm
the Pact, tablets inscribed on both their surfaces:
they were inscribed on the one side and on the yu7in"' V'n^j'!^ 17 :rinbr[-bv mnn Kin
other. '^The tablets were God's work, and the -'7K "inK'T ly-i.n ny-i:i Dvn 'îpTiK
writing was God's writing, incised upon the tab- nnk^T'^ :n^nm nnn'^n Vip nu;n
lets. '"When Joshua heard the sound of the nninj nuy b^p yi<,
people in its boisterousness, he said to Moses,

nwi'^n nijv "7117 pKi
"There is a cry of war in the camp." '**But he
:yp'U7 '3JK niiy b'\p
answered,
^T1 ^Jn)3rT-^K n-!j7 "iu^nd ''mii9
"It is not the sound of the tune of triumph,
Or the sound of the tune of defeat;
'^b^j'!^ nu;b tqKnn^'T hb'nm "^^yn-nN
It is the sound of song that I hear!" nnn nn'K '^^\u'>) nnbri-nKvy^n n^?3
'Âs soon as Moses came near the camp and û/y iu;k "ÂyrrriN nj?"-!:*' -.'^nn
saw the calf and the dancing, he became en- "IT"! "t.V inu"! \ijk^
P1"">^^? n"*^"")
raged; and he hurled the tablets from his hands
and shattered them at the foot of the mountain.
20He took the calf that they had made and
burned it; he ground it to powder and strewed
184
"
TORAH EXODUS 32.34 ki tissa' Kû^n •'3 n"? n^'l2\u mm

it upon the water and so made the IsraeHtes
drink it.
2iMoses said to Aaron, "What did this people

do to you that you have brought such great sin
npK=;i 23 : Kin ynn \3 dvC'tik nvji
upon them?" 22Aaron said, "Let not my lord be
enraged. You know that this people is bent on
m^b ^^b''. "iJF^: ^^t^bK ij'7-niyi7 ^b
evil. 23They said to me, 'Make us a god to lead

us; for that man Moses, who brought us from nuKT 24 :
1^7 HM-nn 1JVX i<b an^îp
the land of Egypt — we do not know what has

happened to him. 24So I said to them, 'Whoever
'
:n;TrT b:xvr\ k2^:'1 u/ki inp'pu/Ki
has gold, take it offl' They gave it to me and I
Kin y-iQ ''a nyn-riK nwn x-i'ips
hurled into the fire and out came this calf!"
it
:an'')3i7n n^Wb pni^ nVnQ-^3
25Moses saw that the people were out of
nin)3n "ivi^n hu/b "rbv^T 26
control — since Aaron had let them get out of
^r2 "i)3kî
control — so that they were a menace^^ to any

:-')'7 ^)Tb:2 vbK iDDK^'i ""J^K nrn^b
who might oppose them. 26Moses stood up in

the gate of the camp and said, "Whoever is for
the Lord, come here! " And all the Levites rallied -\u^K uiri) njn)3|i hvi^^ "iV^>P ^^w)
to him. 27He said to them, "Thus says the Lord,
the God of Israel: Each of you put sword on
b^'>^ npn "inia '>'}b-''n 2^ il~ip
wv.'^) :
thigh, go back and forth from gate to gate

Q^K ri\ub\i;:2 Mrin nv;^ QVC^'l^P
throughout the camp, and slay brother, neigh-
bl^n DDfT ^kb^ n\ij')2 "i)3K'|"!29 :u;"'k
bor, and kin." 287he Levites did as Moses had
bidden; and some three thousand of the people
fell that day. 29And Moses said, "Dedicate :nD-in nvri n2^b)j_
yourselves*^ to the Lord this day — for each of vn-'^K hu/b "ink'''!
îO'pp ''rT:''!3o
you has been against son and brother — that He nbvK hnv) nbiy. nKun nnKun ariK
may bestow a blessing upon you today."
30The next day Moses said to the people, "You
Kun Kix nnk"! nin^-'7K nu;'?3 nu/jji 31
have been guilty of a great sin. Yet I will now

'ri'^K Dji^ lu/v'iT nbi). nKun nrri uvn
go up to the Lord; perhaps I may win forgive-
ness for your sin." 3i Moses went back to the

"DKl Qpûn Kti^ri-QK nrii;"!32 innr
Lord and said, "Alas, this people is guilty of a

:nnn3 "i\z;k ^"iQDn kj ^jnip j^k
great sin in making for themselves a god of gold. "Kun -iu;k m nu;n-'7K mn^ nnk^"! 33
32Now, if You will forgive their sin [well and nnj I

'q'7 nnvv^ :"'"!SDn innnK ^b
good]; but if not, erase me from the record *njirT "^b ^'rinin-ii^K bK ayn-riK
which You have written!" ^-''But the Lord said
to Moses, "He who has sinned against Me, him

only will I erase from My record. 34Go now, lead
the people where I told you. See, My angel shall
c Others "an object of derision." "njm" ]-<mm in'^no v. 34.
d Lit. "fill your hands.
185
TORAH EXODUS 32.34 ki tissa' Ku;n •3 nV m)3U; n-nn
go before you. But when I make an accounting, ^v\'rp^s\ •'ipB Dvni ^•'jq'7 •q'7"'
'DK'^n
I will bring them to account for their sins." :DnKun xirhv
-^?Then the Lord sent a plague upon the peo-
ple, '-for what they did with the calf that Aaron
D : priK rwv "w^ b\vr\-r\v.
made.-''
^ ^ Then the Lord said to Moses, Set out
from here, you and the people that you have yiKD rybvr\ ~iu;k nyrn r\v\)^ nra
brought up from the land of Egypt, to the land
of which I swore to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob,
i^K"? npy^"?! V^t"^ nnn^Kb
saying, 'To your offspring will I give it' — -I will
^y-il'?
inu;"i;\.l 'hn'?)? '^}^ "'i^n'pu/T ^ : najnx

send an angel before you, and I will drive out
"inn '•n3riy''nnni nnKn'^jyjsn-nK
the Canaanites, the Amorites, the Hittites, the
Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites — â
land flowing with milk and honey. But I will not
go in your midst, since you are a stiffnecked peo-

ple, lest I destroy you on the way."
4When the people heard this harsh word, they
went into mourning, and none put on his finery.
-''The Lord said to Moses, "Say to the Israelite
people, 'You are a stifThecked people. If I were

ipN yn riny-nu/p-ny nriK ^'^kiu/^
to go in your midst for one moment, I would \'^v "riln nnyi "^''rr'^pT "îinpn n'7yK
destroy you. Now, then, leave off your finery,
and I will consider what to do to you.'" ^So the :nnin ~irin nny-riK '7K-ju;"'-"'n
Israelites remained stripped of the finery from

Mount Horeb on.
yinn i 'i'p'nuj') '7nKn-nK nj?"'°ni^'?3i
briv. "b K"!i7T njn)2n-]?3 pnnn rviny^_

^Now Moses would take the Tent and pitch
-^K K^T vSp?, u/j^np-b'D n^rn nyin
it outside the camp, at some distance from the
was Tent of Meeting, and

nini « : r\}xyr^b yinn nu/K lyin briv.
camp. It called the
whoever sought the Lord would go out to the Dyn-'73 i)3ip^ brikrybv. ^rwy^ riKâ
Tent of Meeting that was outside the camp. nnK lu^'ini i^hk nnsj u/^k uyi")
^Whenever Moses went out to the Tent, all the
people would rise and stand, each at the en- iDV") "f^^V "1"^."'
^'?^'^^^^ '^^^
l^Vr^
trance of his tent, and gaze after Moses until he
HKiT 1" inwwDV ^3"n briv^T} nns
had entered the Tent. 'Ând when Moses entered
nns ip'y ]jvn n?3y-nK bvn-'^D
the Tent, the pillar of cloud would descend and
stand at the entrance ofthe Tent, while He spoke
with Moses. '^'When all the people saw the pillar
of cloud poised at the entrance of the Tent, all
Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
186
" "
TORAH EXODUS 33.23 ki tissa' KU;n ID :h XWYW min
the people would rise and bow low, each at the
entrance of his tent. ^The Lord would speak D-'jQ hu;')3-'7K mn-i "inii h I'pnK nn|!
:
to Moses face to face, as one man speaks to an-

other. And he would then return to the camp;
but his attendant, Joshua son of Nun, a youth,
would not stir out of the Tent.
i^Moses said to the Lord, "See, You say to -inK nnK hk-T nin"'-'7K nu;^ ~i)gk='1 12
me, 'Lead this people forward,' but You have Kb nnxT n-TH Dvn-riK bvx} ^-hK
not made known to me whom You will send

with me. Further, You have said, 'I have singled ]n nKYn-DAi aibn fi"'nvT ^"i^^
you out by name, and you have, indeed, gained VrDK
\n 'riKyn nnvv-^ ^TV^
My favor.' i3Now, if I have truly gained Your
favor, pray let me know Your ways, that I may
know You and continue in Your favor. Con-
sider, too, that this nation is Your people." 'n'njni ^^b^, ""jq "ipK''i h : mn 'Un
i4And He said, "-"I will go in the lead and will" DipVn ^'T'JQ pK-DK vbK "inK;""! 15 \^
lighten your burden." iSAnd he said to Him,
"Unless You go in the lead, do not make us leave
this place. i^Forhow shall it be known that Your
people have gained Your favor unless You go
with us, so that we may be distinguished, Your
people and L from every people on the face of
the earth?"
i7And the Lord said to Moses, "I will also do KJ 'JKnn "inK^T is :du73 î[iKi ""ryn
this thing that you have asked; for you have truly ''niu-'73 "I'lnvK 'JK nnKî 19 :';ip3-nK
gained My favor and I have singled you out by
name." i^He said, "Oh, let me behold Your Pres-
ence!" i9And He answered, "I will make all My -riK riK")^ '^Din Kb iuk^t 20 nnnK :
goodness pass before you, and I will proclaim

before you the name Lord, ''and the grace that
m2fn-'7y rin^ji •'nx nip)? njin mn^
I grant and the compassion that I show. -^ 20But,"
He said, "you cannot see My face, for man may
not see Me and live." 2iAnd the Lord said, "See, pn^vny "^"bv '3D "'riau/i 'r\'^r}
there is a place near Me. Station yourself on the

rock 22and, as My Presence passes by, I will put D :1KT' iib 'JQT
you in a cleft of the rock and shield you with
My hand until have passed by. I 23Then I will
take My hand away and you will see My back;

but My face must not be seen."
a-a Lit. "My face will go and I will.
b-b Lit. "and I will grant the grace that I will grant and show the
compassion that I will show.
187
TORAH EXODUS 34.1 KI TISSA' K\i;n o lb mwu; n-nn
34 The Lord said to Moses: "Carve two "^b-bvB nu7'n-'7K niH"' "ink""! -lb
tablets of stone like the first, and I will inscribe -bv Tinn^T Q^ju/Kis "'nx hnb">w
upon the tablets the words that were on the first
rinbri-bv vn -iu;k nnnin-riK rinbn
tablets, which you shattered. -Be ready by
]13J n^nv :n~inu; "iu;k D-'JWKiri
morning, and in the morning come up to
n:iYJi 'j-'p "irr'^K ni7'iin n^b:;) ^^^?^b
Mount Sinai and present yourself there to Me,
nbvyiib W-iki ' :-inri ]iJi<i-b^ u\u ""^
on the top of the mountain. ^No one else shall
come up with you, and no one else shall be seen

any\vhere on the mountain; neither shall the "inn '7iJ3-'7i< iy~!"'"'7K "ij^nm ]i<^r[
flocks and the herds graze at the foot of this
mountain." D''j'\i;K-i3 n^JnK rinb-^w bb^^^-i

••So Moses carved two tablets of stone, like the "pp irT-'7K bvî] ipiin nu;"n dbw^'"!
first, and early in the morning he went up on
iji^ iiîi ni?""! in'K nrn'> my iu^k?
Mount Sinai, as the Lord had commanded him,
nYlTi^l ]Ji;3 nin"' ly,} 3 : d^jik nn^
taking the two stone tablets with him. -"^The
Lord came down in a cloud; He stood with him invi'l^ -.nrni Du;n Kni?""! nw 1)3:;
there, and proclaimed the name Lord. ^The ^K nin;" 1 mn^ Knp"") t'JQ-'^v i mn-'
Lord passed before him "and proclaimed: : nnKT ipn-nii q^qk iîk ]^zn'\ mn-i
"The Lord! the Lord!" a God compassionate
and gracious, slow to anger, abounding in kind- nliK ]iy I ipB nji^r i<b hpjT riKurn
ness and faithfulness, "extending kindness to
the thousandth generation, forgiving iniquity,
transgression, and sin; yet He does not remit

all punishment, but visits the iniquity of parents
upon children and children's children, upon the
•i™ V^"'Vî ID 'riK^jp KrDK "inK''"!'^
third and fourth generations." -nu;p-DV ""3 iJ^npn ^pK KJ-q'p"'
'^Moses hastened to bow low to the ground ijriNun^T iJJiv^ nnb'pi Kin iqni;
in homage, "ând said, "If I have gained Your fa- •.^mb^:]^

vor, O Lord, pray, let the Lord go in our midst, lAJ nn^ ni3 'djk mn nwK'î '«
even though this is a stiffnecked people. Pardon

our iniquity and our sin, and take us for Your
uvri-b-j nK-ji niiarT-'7D3i y-iKn-'?^^
own!"
"^•He said: I hereby make a covenant. Before "B nin") nu;y?p-nK liiipn nnKnwK
all your people I will work such wonders as have nnw 1
1 :
Ti73y nu/y •'jk nu/K Kin kiu
not been wrought on all the earth or in any na- U7i> 'pjn Di'in ^lyn 'djk -iwk dk "^b
tion; and all the people ''who are with you''
shall see how awesome are the Lord's deeds
which I will perform for you. "Mark well what
li-fl Or "flfi<i f^f Lord proclaimed: The Lord', a Cod compassion- c'ymp'^ cncij ^sh Tim -j v. 7.
ate," etc: cf. Num. 14.17-18.

h-b Lit. "in whose midst you are."
188
TORAH EXODUS 34.23 ki tissa' Ku;n -ID -lb mJ3U7 min
I command you this day. I will drive out before

you the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Hittites, "^1^ "i)?\i^ni2 ppn^'m 'inni •'hEjni
the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites.
nriK -i\^K yi.kn nu/v'? nnî nnpri-[3
i2Beware of making a covenant with the inhab-
•'3 13 :'^;n"!p5 u;i7l)3^ îr^"""!^ CT\^V ^^
itants of the land against which you are advanc-
nnn2^)3-nK) ]iynri bn'nnm-riK
ing, lest they be a snare in your midst. i^No, you
must down their altars, smash their pillars,
tear
i(b ""a 14 : ]iri'iDri T'nwK-nK'i iTiû/ri
and cut down their sacred posts; i^for you must inif; Kjp n)r[i -^3 *1nK ^k^ ninriu/n
not worship any other god, because the Lord, nu7l-''7 nnn n'"i3n-]3 15 :Kin kij? bi<,
whose name is Impassioned, is an impassioned

God. i5You must not make a covenant with the
:inn-T)p nbîi) nriTl^K^
-^b KniPi
inhabitants of the land, for they will lust after
nnx vriz:^ ijn ']\nb vrini^ Jinpî 16
their gods and sacrifice to their gods and invite
: irT''rf'7K niiK T'JSTiK ^jTrTi in-irf^K
you, and you will eat of their sacrifices. iÂnd
when you
^b-nujvn Kb HDon 'r1'7Ki7
take wives from among their daugh-
ters for your sons, their daughters will lust after u^Tfî nij:ip "-i'n\ur\ rily)3n Ap-riK is
their gods and will cause your sons to lust after u;in iyl?3^ "^ri^^^ "iu^k niYjp b'pKJi
their gods. nKYT ^''ii^'O Î'n:? "'3 ^\?>^n
i^You shall not make molten gods for your- : nny)3)p
selves.
-lus nSm '^jp)p-'73i ^b ann 'iu|j-'73 19
18Y0U shall observe the Feast of Unleavened

nti;3 n"iQn hinn "1011120 :nu;i niu;
Bread — eating unleavened bread for seven days,
^qm nlD3 Vb inanvT rripn i<b-UK)
as I have commanded you — at the set time of
the monthi^^ of Abib, for in the month of Abib
you went forth from Egypt.
iÊvery first issue of the womb is Mine, from lyinii/n Dl='ni nnyn b^jp^ nu7U7 2i
all your livestock that drop a male'' as firstling, '.ri::ipr\ '^^>'^[^'2^ u/nns nsu/ri
whether cattle or sheep. 20But the firstling of an -fyj? ni33 "^b niuvn hVn\^ :ini22
ass
redeem
you shall
it,
redeem with
you must break
a sheep; if you
its neck.
do not
And you
:m\i7rT nmpn ^"^VKri \n-] wm
^liDr'73 UKy, nj\i72i D-'pVQ \L;b\LJ 23
must redeem every first-born among your sons.
None shall appear before Me empty-handed.
2 'Six days you shall work, but on the seventh
day you shall cease from labor; you shall cease
from labor even at plowing time and harvest

time.
22Y0U shall observe the Feast of Weeks, of the

first fruits of the wheat harvest; and the Feast
of Ingathering at the turn of the year. 23Three
times a year all your males shall appear before
c See note at 13.4. n^'b1^D^2 D-inDi: -i^b Tim -i i'. 14.
d Heb. tizEakhar, form uncertain.
189
TORAH EXODUS 34.23 ki tissa' Ku;n -"s i"? m?3U7 n-nn
the Sovereign Lord, the God of Israel. '*! will
drive out nations from your path and enlarge

your territory; no one will covet your land when ^'ri'^K mn^ ""JStik nlK-j"? '^ri'pyn
you go up to appear before the Lord your God
:nj\i73 nmv^ \ub\u
three times a year.
-k'?! ""nnT-n"! ynn-bv unu;ri-k'p25
--''You shall not offer the blood of My sacrifice
with anything leavened; and the sacrifice of the
: npQH An nnr -ij7'ii'7 1^^?^
Feast of Passover shall not be left lying until
morning. •în'7K mn"'

-f'The choice first fruits of your soil you shall Q :i?3K ^"71111 nA byj^n-iib
bring to the house of the Lord your God. -riK ^'?"nn3 n\u)2-bK ^n)TT> nnK""! 2?

nn:i"irT i ''p-hv •'3 ribi^ri nnn^n
-''And the Lord said to Moses: Write down :
'7K")t;;''-nKi nnn j]nK ""nns nbkn
these commandments, for in accordance with
these commandments I make a covenant with

hv "'V^-iK nini-nv Du;-'niT28
you and with Israel.

i<b Q^pT b-hif, k"? Dn'7 r[b^b d^vîki
-iÂnd he was there with the Lord forty days nnnn nni nx rihbri-b:; ^'ripîi nn\u
and forty nights; he ate no bread and drank no iDnnin nnti/i;
water; and he wrote down on the tablets the
terms of the covenant, the Ten Command- n'n^ ""iî/T "irp -inn nu/b ninn ''w^ 29
ments.
npm "inn-]?p im-13 nii/n-ii-n nnyn
:lriK I"i3"r3 v^B niy p.j? ^3 vi^'K"?
29So Moses came down from Mount Sinai.
And as Moses came down from the mountain

bearing the two tablets of the Pact, Moses was : vbK nmr2 î<.y'^^ vip "Tiv inj? mni
not aware that the skin of his face was radiant, I'lDK vbi<, n)z;î nvj'n nri'7K Kip^V'
since he had spoken with Him. ôAaron and all : dpt'^k nu/b nni"''! niyn D''Kt:73n-'73T
the Israelites saw that the skin of Moses' face DiY'-i bK'^VJ'^ ^^'^'b:2 iu;aj ]3-nnKT32
was radiant; and they shrank from coming near
: ^ru -inn inK mn^ inn -iu7n-'73 nx
h i m. -^
' But Moses called to them, and Aaron and
all the chieftains in the assembly returned to
: nipn
him, and Moses spoke to them. -"^-Afterward all
the Israelites came near, and he instructed them

T'pT InK -ini"? h)rT> -"jdV nu/b N'nnT 34
concerning all that the Lord had imparted to 'jn-'^N nnm k^^t inKY-ny mp)3n-nK
him on Mount Sinai. ^Ând when Moses had
finished speaking with them, he put a veil over
his face.
34Whenever Moses went in before the Lord

to speak with Him, he would leave the veil off
until he came out; and when he came out and

told the Israelites what ho had been com-
190
—
TORAH EXODUS 35.16 va-yakhel b^p^^ nb m)3U7 mm
manded, ^sthe Israelites would see how radiant >:$ Tiy fip^ '3 nii/b ""JQ-riK ^bK'ip'>
the skin of Moses' face was. Moses would then

put the veil back over his face until he went in
to speak with Him.
O n VA-YAKHEL
w^ w/ Moses then convoked the whole Israelite
community and said to them:
•j^ nii;-'73-nK nu/b
nn'7K
'7rij7:i'! n^
i)3k=;t '7K")u;''
These are the things that the Lord has com-
manded you to do: 20n six days work may be
done, but on the seventh day you shall have a
miz; u/nj? dd^ njn^ "'V^'^^n Di'??^
sabbath of complete rest, holy to the Lord; who-
ever does any work on it shall be put to death.
HDK^p in ntz;yn-'73 ^['m'h iinni^
3You shall kindle no fire throughout your set- nD^nnu/n '7311 mjk Tiynri-K'73 -.r^nv
tlements on the sabbath day. Q :nn\z^n nl^n

4Moses said further to the whole community '7K"!U7''"'jn n'}V-b'2-bK nu/n "i)3i<'''i4
of Israelites:
This is what the Lord has commanded: STake

inp5 -.^-n^b Tiy,-' my-iu/K nn^n nr
from among you gifts to the Lord; everyone
'\'kb nnj "73 nin-"^ nm'^n annKp
whose heart so moves him shall bring them
tqDDTnnr np^ npnn riK nK^n;'
gifts for the Lord: gold, silver, and copper;
6«blue, purple, and crimson yarns, fine linen,

^w ny'pim iJpnKl ri^prne :nu;'mT
and goats' hair; ^tanned ram skins, dolphin p^K^p n^"'K nnVv :di-tvi ^^^
skins, and acacia wood; ôil for lighting, spices
for the anointing oil and for the aromatic in-
cense; 9lapis lazuli and other stones for setting,

'xVp ""nKl n\i;"'JnKT 9 :D"'?3DrT
for the ephod and the breastpiece.
:]U7'n^l llDK^
'OAnd let all among you who are skilled come
riK ^^v;'^ iK'n^ Dpn nb'-DDn-^DT 10
and make all that the Lord has commanded:
lithe Tabernacle, its tent and its covering, its
-riK ]3u;?3rT-nK n :mn^ my "iu7K-^3
clasps and its planks, its bars, its posts, and its
-nKi VD-jp-riK mppp-nKi i^nx
sockets; i2the ark and its poles, the cover, and
the curtain for the screen; i^the table, and its -JIK V'ln-nKl pKHTlK 12 :T'J"TK-nK'l
poles and all its utensils; and the bread of dis- -nKi3 :'qD?3n nnnQ nxi n~iQ3n
play; i4the lampstand for lighting, its furnish-
riKi T'^^3-'73-nKT v^nTiKT ip^^n
ings and its lamps, and the oil for lighting; isthe
-riKi ~ilK)3n nnjjp-riK") h a^jsn nn'7
:
altar of incense and its poles; the anointing oil
and the aromatic incense; and the entrance

:"ilK)3n ])3u; riKT n^nnrnKi ri\^3
screen for the entrance of the Tabernacle; i^the hKT T'"i3-nK'i n-iupn nnTjp-riKi 15
a See 25.4 ff. and the notes there.
191
TORAH EXODUS 35.16 va-yakhel br[p^^ nb mnu; min
altar of burnt offering, its copper grating, its -riK") D-'japn niup jikt nnwran ])pu;
poles, and all its furnishings; the laver and its I riK if^ :13^>3n nnpb nnQn T|p)p
stand; '''the hangings of the enclosure, its posts
and its sockets, and the screen for the gate of
the court; '^the pegs for the Tabernacle, the pegs

viTavriK -lynn '>}jbp_ riK •' :i^3TiKi
for the enclosure, and their cords; ''^the service
vestments for officiating in the sanctuary, the

nynn nv^ 'r\'g'i2 riKi rr'nK-nKi
sacral vestments of Aaron the priest and the

vestments of his sons for priestly service. -[-jwrr ^"TA^TiK 19 : nnn-ipTiK")
20S0 the whole community of the Israelites
left Moses' presence. 2iAnd everyone v^^ho ex-
celled in ability and ever)'one whose spirit

niir-'73 iky^vo
''Jd'7>P '7k-iu;"'-''J3
moved him came, bringing to the Lord his
13^ iKtprnu/K U7"'K-'73 iK'nîî •.r[vj''n
oftering for the work of the Tent of Meeting and
-nx iK-inn in'K Inn nnij nu;K b'^J^
for all its service and for the sacral vestments.
22Men and women, all whose hearts moved hyin '^n'K ddk'^d'? nin^ n?3nn
them, all who would make an elevation offering mn^v- :U^"i'pn n.p'?! ln-i'3y-'7D'7T
of gold to the Lord, came bringing brooches,

earrings, rings, and pendants^ —gold objects of nriT '^3"'73 miDT nynuT dtjt nn
all kinds. --'And everyone who had in his pos-
: nrri^b nni np^2^\ iT'jri "i\^k \:;"'k-'73'i
session blue, purple, and crimson yarns, fine
linen, goats' hair, tanned ram skins, and dol-

n%i "'•TVT U7U/T ^^\u nv'7lm ]nnKi
phin skins, brought them; --leveryone who
would make gifts of silver or copper brought
:W3n O'lu/nn nnVT n^p^Kp dJ^^k
them as gifts for the Lord; and everyone who iK-iiri n\L;n2^ ^qoi) nwnri nip-'^s 24
had in his possession acacia wood for any work inK K:ynj°"i\i7K 73') mn^ npnn jik
of the service brought that. 25And all the skilled
women spun with their own hands, and ^^v n^^^ nynnnn n\i7K-'73T23
brought what they had spun, in blue, purple,
]m"iKn"riKT n'pDnn-riK niun iK^nî
and crimson yarns, and in fine linen. ^f-And all
-731 > :u;\i7n-nKi ij^^n nv'?in-nK
the women who excelled in that skill spun the
n?p3n3 njJiK ]3^ i^m û;^(; Dû/an
goats' hair. -~And the chieftains brought lapis
lazuli and other stones for setting, for the ephod riK ^K-iin DKU73m '-' -.
n-'-ivn-riK ^^\p
and for the breastpiece; 28and spices and oil for
lighting, for the anointing oil, and for the ar- inwn-riNT nu/^n-nKT ^H .]P^^b^
omatic incense. -''Thus the Israelites, all the men
and women whose hearts moved them to bring
nij nu/K nî^K") u;"'K-'73 2'j tD^WDn
an)lhing for the work that the Lord, through
nu/K n3K^)3rT'73'7 K^nn'? nn'K w^b
Moses, had commanded to be done, brought
iK''3n nu/'n-TS nwvb mn-' my
it as a freewill oft'ering to the Lord.
D :^^r^''b n3nj '7ki\:;-'-'33
b Meaning of Heb. V.um37 uncertain.
19:
TORAH EXODUS 36.7 va-yakhel bT^p^^ ^b nm\U min
30And Moses said to the Israelites: See, the

Lord has singled out by name Bezalel, son of -nn-]n niK-]3 '7Kbyn up:i nin;'
Uri son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah. 3iHe has
'rf'7N nn inx x'^n^T 31 : niin*' nu)?^
endowed him with a divine spirit of skill, ability,
: n3Kb')p-'73ni nv"i:?T njinnn npDnn
and knowledge in every kind of craft 32and c-has
inspired him "^
to make designs for work in gold,
c]D3nT nnn n'tî;^ ^'^^Dp n\f7nî 32
silver, and copper, -''^to cut stones for setting and nk^)?^ ]^K n\i7'"!nnT33 :nu;'nni
to carve wood — work to in every kind of de-
signer's craft — 34and to give directions. He and Kin 13^3 ]nj n'"iln^T34 :nnu;n)p
Ohohab son of Ahisamach of the tribe of Dan :n-nu?2^ ^DD^nK-in ^K-'^nKi
35have been endowed with the skill to do any -'73 riltz/i;^ n'7-n)33n nnx K^p35
work —of the carver, the designer, the embroi-
n^prin Dp") "hp'm 1 u/nn nDK'7?p
derer in blue, purple, crimson yarns, and in fine
linen, and of the weaver — as workers in all crafts

:nnu;np n3K^n-'73
O /^ and makers of designs.
""û/'ni ^îij'i;
w'U Bezalel
as
and Oholiab and all

^Let, then,
the skilled
I b'^) 'AK-'briK) '7K^yn "ntf/yi 1
^ L
persons whom the Lord has endowed with skill mn;" ]ni nu/K n'7-D5n u/^k I ^
and ability to perform expertly all the tasks con- ri^vb nyi^ TTniri-^ njinm rrnpn
nected with the service of the sanctuary carry Vsb' U7-T'i7ri niiv n:î<.b)2-b:^-nK
out all that the Lord has commanded.
2Moses then called Bezalel and Oholiab, and
every skilled person whom the Lord had en-
mn^ ]m iu/k n'7-n3n \u^K-b^ ^bK)
dowed with skill, everyone who excelled in abil-
ity, to undertake the task and carry it out. 3They nn"i|7^ in"? iKifrj njz/K Va ^b:\ nippn
took over from Moses all the gifts that the Is- inp''i3 :nnK riiuvb ri^Kbi^ri-bK
raelites had brought, to carry out the tasks con- "IU7K n)pnriri-'73 nx nu;b ""JQ^p
nected with the service of the sanctuary. But nini7 jidk'^p'? bk'^\u'> 'jn iK"'nri
when these continued to bring fi-eewill offerings vbK m-'in anf nn'K rivjvb vî^n
to him morning after morning, 4all the artisans
-b'3 \Kn;'i4 :"ii7'33 ni7'3ii nnij nly
who were engaged in the tasks of the sanctuary
u;"]'i?n n3K'7^-'73 nx nû/yn o'lp^nn
came, each from the task upon which he was
engaged, Sand said to Moses, "The people are
npnnu/K iripK^ân \uî<.-\u^K
•.wip'v
bringing more than is needed for the tasks en- nvn n""?"))? inxV n]z;b-'7K nnk^Ts
tailed in the Lord has com-
work that the my-nu/K n^Kbi^b n-rnyn •''ip x-'nn^
manded to be done." ^Moses thereupon had this n^ny:"! nu/n iy;"! & : nnx riiuvb nin;'
proclamation made throughout the camp: "Let -'7K n\pxi \u'>K HnK'7 njnp3 b'\p^
no man or woman make further effort toward

U7"]i7ri npnn^ i^?K^p -rly-û/v;'
gifts for the sanctuary!" So the people stopped
nn'^'n nDK^pm 7 : K'lnrip nyn k'73''t
bringing: ^their efforts had been more than
enough for all the tasks to be done.
D :nnlm
c-c Moved up from v. 34 for clarity.
193
TORAH EXODUS 36.8 va-yakhel br^p^^ ^b nm\U n-nn
«Then all the skilled among those engaged in
the work made the Tabernacle of ten strips ot
cloth, which they made of fine twisted linen, D-in-is "iju; ny'plrii n'pDm
i?pni<i
blue, purple, and crimson yarns; into these they
nv"'i;'n "Tîk ^ : nn'K ntf/y 2pn nu/yn
worked a design of cherubim. "^The length of
each cloth was twenty-eight cubits, and the
width of each cloth was four cubits, all cloths
n-in nnKH nvn^n n)3Kii v^-ik
having the same measurements. "'They joined u/nn-riK nnnî npK

i" : n'vTri-'?^'?
tive of the cloths to one another, and they joined hVn;' u;pn"i nnK-'7K nriK nyn^n
the other five cloths to one another. 'iThey riKbb tz;vh " :nnK-'7K nnK inn
made loops of blue wool on the edge of the out- nî^n nriKn nvn-'n naif; b}; nbîin
ermost cloth of the one set, and did the same nyn'in nsU;^ h\uv ]3 rinnn?3?
on the edge of the outermost cloth of the other
""wnni^ iD^Jti^n nniin?3n njlyprr
set: i-they made fifty loops on the one cloth, and
Dî^/nrn. rinKn nvn^n nu/y ri'k'p'?
they made fifty loops on the edge of the end
cloth of the other set, the loops being opposite
lu/K nyn^n nypn nt^y J^'^^^r'
one another. '-Ând they made fifty gold clasps npK n'K^'pri n'7''3p)3 n-'Jiyn ninnia^
and coupled the units" to one another with the nriT 'pnp nîi^pn \u);^_)\} .•nnx-'^K
clasps, so that the Tabernacle became one nnK-'7K npK ny"i"'rT-nK innî
whole.
i-iThey made cloths of goats' hair for a tent
]:2\u)2'r\-bv bri^b w^y ny-i"' wy'"! i-t
over the Tabernacle; they made the cloths eleven

^nk 1? :DnK ntpy nyn"" nnu/y-^nu/y
in number. i^The length ofeach cloth was thirty
cubits, and the width of each cloth was four cu-
yiniKi njpKn hwb\u nnxn nyn-'ri
bits, the eleven cloths having the same mea- nriK nip nnKn nyn^n nni ni?3K
surements. i6Xhey joined five of the cloths by -nx "innîi^ inyn^ niu/y ^rwuijb
themselves, and the other six cloths by them- nynM iz/iy-nKT nn"? nyi^n \u12n
selves. '"They made fifty loops on the edge of nsu; '^y D-'î/nn ri^bb u/yî' n^b
the outermost cloth of the one set, and they
uw'i2m n-i3n)3:a ni^^^'pn nyn^n
made fifty loops on the edge of the end cloth
nnnnn nyn^n np\u-b:j htz/y rikbb
of the other '**They made fifty copper clasps
to
set.
couple the Tent together so that it might be-

wmn nu/'nj •'p-ij? wv."!'*' iiriJiyrT
come one whole. ''Ând they made a covering
of tanned ram skins for the tent, and a covering n-ip-iKD D'''7N nny brikb npD>3
of dolphin skins above. D -.nbvrzby^ Dû/nn n'iy nppni
-"They made the planks for the Tabernacle
of acacia wood, upright. 2iThe length of each TjiK nb]< witzv

h)3Ki u;-i.i7n "ii?;y -' :
plank was ten cubits, the width of each plank

"inp ^^ : nriKn w"i.i?.n nn'~i n)3i<rT '^ni
a cubit and a half. --Each plank had two tenons,
-"^K nnK nnVii/n -rnxn u/ip"? ni")
parallel'' to each other; they did the same with
11 Lit. "strip of cloth," here used collectively,
b See note at 26. 1 7.
194
TORAH EXODUS 36.37 va-yakhel Vnp-'i 1=7 nM2\U min
all the planks of the Tabernacle. 230f the planks
of the Tabernacle, they made twenty planks for
the south side/24niaking forty silver sockets un-

b^V^-iKi 24 : n^-nm n^j nKQ"? wî^p
der the twenty planks, two sockets under one
uwi^ri nnt^y nnri nu/y qpi-'JiK
plank for its two tenons and two sockets under
^nu;'7 iriKri u/nipn-nnn u^hK î\z;
each following plank for its two tenons; 25and
for the other side wall of the Tabernacle, the
north side, twenty planks, 26with their forty sil- n-ijiyrT ]3U^)3rT vb^b^^s -.vrii^ ^nu;^
ver sockets, two sockets under one plank and :DÛ7"ij7 nnu/y nwy pay nxa^
two sockets under each following plank. 2"And ^j"rK iju; t|D3 ri"'nK n''i;inKT26
for the rear of the Tabernacle, to the west, they
nnn D"'™ ""Ju/i "fnKn uî.i^n nnn
made six planks; 28and they made two planks
n)3T ]pp)2ri ^n^'i'jb) 27 : nnxn u^"j.i?n
for the corners of the Tabernacle at the rear.
29^-Xhey matched at the bottom, but terminated

b"'u;~ip W'^ :°T1P '^W^ '^JPV
as one at the top into one ring; '' they did so with
both of them at the two corners. ôThus there D'-jan vn^, Tin^VhuTp'^n b>3Kln vri'] 29
were eight planks with their sockets of silver:
sixteen sockets, two under each plank. npvj vn'i 30 : nyYp?3ri ^wb amju/^
3iThey made bars of acacia wood, five for the n"'j"ix "itpv nwu7 r|D3 n"'j-tN"! wvj^p
planks of the one side wall of the Tabernacle,
-^2five bars for the planks of the other side wall
:inKn
of the Tabernacle, and five bars for the planks
""p^pb n\Ni2r\ Dûu; "'yi? ^nnn iuv'>^ 31
of the wall of the Tabernacle at the rear, to the
west; 35they made the center bar to run, halfway
Dfinn n\i7)pnT32 mnKn ]3u;?2ri-y^y
up the planks, from end to end. ^^They overlaid nwizm n-iwri ]2\uy2r[-vb^ ^^11?'?
the planks with gold, and made their rings of •.71)3] D^nD-i;''? ]:h]i;-nri ^^^\?b annn
gold, as holders for the bars; and they overlaid Tjinn rii'^b pmri nnnn-riK ii;yp_33
the bars with gold. -nKT34 :nyi7rT-'7K nYi7rT-[73 u^vjipri
35They made the curtain of blue, purple, and
crimson yarns, and fine twisted linen, working
into it a design of cherubim. 36They made for
:nriT
it four posts of acacia wood and overlaid them
with gold, with their hooks of gold; and they ])pnKi ri^pri nDnQn-riK W;ii35
cast for them four silver sockets.
3^They made the screen for the entrance of nyn-iK ^b ti/v.l -^^^
:
d^?"i3 nnx niuy
the Tent, of blue, purple, and crimson yarns, p'yn. nriT Dnîi nnr 3Y"'i u^W ""^.^^V
and fine twisted linen, done in embroidery;
c See note at 26.18.

n^pn brikn nns"? ~iD?p tyv!"!^^
d-d See note at 26.24.
195
TORAH EXODUS 36.38 va-yakhel br}p'^ ^h m?3U7 nmn
-^8and five posts for it with their hooks. They

overlaid their tops and their bands with gold;
but the five sockets were of copper.
^7
w' / Bezalel made the ark of acacia wood, two T^
and a half cubits long, a cubit and a half wide, 'vnT HKiK") lij-iK 'Sfni "'nraK wvp
and a cubit and a half high. 2He overlaid it with
nriT in|jy;'T2 :iri)?'p ""vni nisKi iim
pure gold, inside and out; and he made a gold
nni IT "h u/v."! Y^n'l2^ rrin)? ninu
molding for it round about. 'He cast four gold
rings for it, for its four feet: two rings on one
of its side walls and two rings on the other. ^He
made poles of acacia wood, overlaid them with :rT'JiyrT ']vby-bi; nlyû ''nu;^ nnKn
gold, -'•and inserted the poles into the rings on : nriT DHK iqvi wv^j i^v "'"nn U/y"."! ^
the side walls of the ark for carrying the ark. nV'7V bv nynyn bînn-riK kiîs
^He made a cover of pure gold, two and a half :]'-iKri-nK riKu;^ fnKn
cubits long and a cubit and a half wide. ''He
made two cherubim of gold; he made them of

'>)\L) wvi"]' :nnn-! •'ypi nnisi hdik
hammered work, at the two ends of the cover:
jî/p Dn'K ntz/y nu/pp nnr D^nip
«one cherub at one end and the other cherub
at the other end; he made the cherubim of one nip nypn ipK-nna niaan ni^p
» :
piece with the cover, at its two ends. '^The cher- niE)3rT-])p nj.p nypn nnK-^nDi
ubim had their wings spread out above, shield- :T'nlYp irmyp '>:iw'd a"'n"i3n-nK nu/y
ing the cover with their wings. They faced each
other; the faces of the cherubim were turned to-
ward the cover.
"^He made the table of acacia wood, two cu-

bits long, one cubit wide, and a cubit and a half
high; "he overlaid it with pure gold and made

D^nipK w^p 'yy ]nî^ri-nK ti/v!"."! '^
a gold molding around it. '2He made a rim of :in?p'p 'ym n)3KT liin-i n73KT is'^k
a hand's breadth around it and made a gold nnr it i"? tz/yii ilnu nni in'K i^yî
molding for its rim round about. '-'He cast four

gold rings for it and attached the rings to the
four corners at its four legs. •''The rings were

ni/nun-riK inî nnt nVnu vniK i"?
next to the rim, as holders for the poles to carry

:T'^n v?"!K^ "lU/K nkan vniK '7V.
the table. '^He made the poles of acacia wood
n^nn nynun vn nniDDn npy"? n
for carrying the table, and overlaid them with
gold. '^The utensils that were to be upon the -riK u/vi I ^ : in'7\:;n-nK riKiy'p D-iin^
table — its bowls, ladles, jugs, and jars with
which to offer libations — he made of pure gold. "lU/K I D"'573rT"nK u^vî 1^ :in'7u;n-nK
TORAH EXODUS 37.29 va-yakhel br^p'^ t"? nm\u nmn
i-'He made the lampstand of pure gold. He Vn33-nKi vnnyp-riK ]hb]u'n-bv

made the lampstand — its base and its shaft —of
hammered work; its cups, calyxes, and petals
Q :nlny nnr ]n:n
were of one piece with it. i^^Six branches issued
nujpr: ninu nnr nnjâriTiK u/y'iii^
from its sides: three branches from one side of
the lampstand, and three branches from the
other side of the lampstand. i^xhere were three

HTOTis -.vri mrajp ri"'n"iEn nnriM
cups shaped like almond-blossoms, each with nijTp 'jp I r[\[jb\ij n-'-i.Yjp d^ky'' a^jj?
cahof and petals, on one branch; and there were

three cups shaped like almond-blossoms, each
with cal)^ and petals, on the next branch; so for D^yn; nu/Vu/T "hnDT nnas ^"inxn
all six branches issuing from the lampstand.
]3 niDT nnD3 nnx njpn nnp^f/n
-OOn the lampstand itself there were four cups
shaped like almond-blossoms, each with cahoc

and petals: -â cah^c, of one piece with it, under
npu/p Q"'yn; nvnnx nnj?3nT2o
a pair of branches; and a cah'x, of one piece with •'i\i7 nnri insDvi :rT-'n-iaT nnnaa
it, under the second pair of branches; and a ca- "jpn "iju; nnri Sna?! nmri u^2^n
lyx, of one piece with it, under the last pair of nmr; n-'jpn 'juj-nnn inQDT miap
branches; so for all six branches issuing from '.nm'D D-'KY^n n-'ipn n\u\ijb
22Their calyxes and their stems were of one
it.
nVa vri nmr: nnjpT nrT''-i.nD3 22
piece \\ith it, the whole of it a single hammered
piece of pure gold. --''He made its seven lamps,
its tongs, and its fire pans of pure gold. 24He
riKi nn'K nt^v nlnu nnt n33 24 : ninu
made it and all its furnishings out of a talent
of pure gold.
-5He made the incense altar of acacia wood, nyvj ""yy niupn nnrp-riK u/yjll^s
a cubit long and a cubit wide —square— and

two cubits high; its horns were of one piece with in'K qy"'"!26 :iinj-!p vn ^mr: innp
it. -6He overlaid it with pure gold: its top, its
nînD vn'T'p-nK') iarriK -ilnu nnr
sides round about, and its horns; and he made
:n^nD nriT -it 1^ ti/j;''*! vn^np-riKi
a gold molding for it round about. -"He made
two gold rings for it under its molding, on its
nnnp 1 I'^-nu/y nnt nvny "'nu;^ 27
two walls —on opposite sides — as holders for
the poles with which to carry it. 28He made the :arT3 in'K nKt:;^ n^l^'p "nn^
poles of acacia wood, and overlaid them with
gold. -"^He prepared the sacred anointing oil and nnu7?arT l)?u;-nK u;v^t29 i^riT nn'K
the pure aromatic incense, expertly blended.
nt^v)? "liny wi^rDri niyp-nK") u/ip
Q : npi
197
TORAH EXODUS 38.1 VA-YAKHEL br^v^^ nb n^^n\U min
38 He made the altar for burnt offering of n"?

acacia wood, five cubits long and five cubits m)3K"^5?ni 13"-1K n"i)3K wnn uyw
wide —square—and three cubits high. -He
wv.i- :iri)pp ni)3K vfb]^) vin~j i2n"i
made horns for it on its four corners, the horns
vri ^m-n vn:\^ yniK b:; vn:iip_
being of one piece with it; and he overlaid it
-riK wv^v^ :ri\z;iiJ ln'K tqyTi rnnp
with copper. ^He made all the utensils of the
altar — the pails, the scrapers, the basins, the
flesh hooks, and the fire pans; he made all these -nxi m^T)3n-nK npiTTan-nNi
utensils of copper. -^He made for the altar a u;yivt •.n\u'm ntpy t''73-'73 n'nn?3n
grating of meshwork in copper, extending nnn nu7'n;i n\^n nu/yp -iin^n hi]}3b
below, under its ledge, to its middle. sHe cast y^lK py^Ts :ryn-nv nup^p i33-i3
four rings, at the four corners of the copper
nu/'nîn "inDJ^"? niypn ynnxn nVny
grating, as holders for the poles. ^He made the
•yy D^"i3n-nK ti^y^.v^ :dî3^ '•nn
poles of acacia wood and overlaid them with
-jiK Kn^v -.nvj'm nriK iqv^l Q"'u^
copper; ând he inserted the poles into the rings
on the side walls of the altar, to carry it by them. niimn nV^v "^V. nynuii "'^nn
He made it hollow, of boards. nu/y rinb mnj nnn in'K riKw"?
8He made the laver of copper and its stand D : iriK
of copper, from the mirrors of the women who nu;nj i33 nxT n\^nj "il='3n riK u/yî
performed tasks" at the entrance of the Tent of briK nriQ ikny n\^K nknyn nK-in3
Meeting.
D :iylD
^He made the enclosure:
"lynn-riK u;y=ii9
On the south'' side, a hundred cubits of hang-
\ij\u n;<nri '>vbp njn^n 3>j i riKQ"?
ings of fine twisted linen for the enclosure
'"with their twenty posts and their twenty sock- nnu;y DnniJay 'o :n^K3 hkip "iTu;n
ets of copper, the hooks and bands of the posts

being silver. :r|D3 nnipif/m
"On the north side, a hundred cubits —with Djiniây n)3K3 nxn pny nKs"?!"
their twenty posts and their twenty sockets of
"IT nu/'m antz/y nn^JiNi "•"itz^V
copper, the hooks and bands of the posts being
:riD3 nn-'pu/m "'nâyn
silver.
n)3K3 D"'\i7)2n b^y^p ^ni<3'7T i:
'-On the west side, fifty cubits of hangings
with their ten posts and their ten sockets, the
"1") niU/y DpfjiKT niti/y Dn^'nay
hooks and bands of the posts being silver. :riD3 Dn^piu/ni Dn)3yn
I
Ând on the front side, to the east, fifty cubits: :n)3K D-'wnn nnnm nnip riKQ"?! '3
''fifteen cubits of hangings on the one flank, tqnsrr'^K n)3K nnt^y-ii/pn n^ybp '•«
with their three posts and their three sockets,

'5and fifteen cubits of hangings on the other
d Meaning of Heb. uncertain,

b Cf. note al 26.18.
198
TORAH EXODUS 38.26 pekudei mpQ nb nM2\U min
flank —on each side of the gate of the enclo-
sure^ —with their three posts and their three
sockets.
16A11 the hangings around the enclosure were

nTU7jp \u\LJ n-ino "lynri ^vbp_-^:2i6
of fine twisted linen. i^The sockets for the posts
DniTayri 'iV'nu/nj Dnjpylp QînKni 17
were of copper, the hooks and bands of the posts
were of silver, the overlay of their tops was of
c]D3 nn-'iiyK-) '>^m tqoa bri"'i7i\:7m
silver; all the posts of the enclosure were banded

with silver.- — i^The screen of the gate of the en-
closure, done in embroidery, was of blue, pur-
ple, and crimson yarns, and fine twisted linen. \LJi2n bn""n3 niplpi "îk nipK nntyyi
It was twenty cubits long. ''-Its height — or
width —was five cubits, like that of'' the hang-
Dnîi nu/'nj nynnK nn"'nK"i nvn-iK
ings of the enclosure. i9Xhe posts were four;
:tqD3 nn"'j7U7ni DrT"'U7K"l 'IBY"! C1D3
their four sockets were of copper, their hooks
n'lnD '^^nb^ ]^vj'i2b mn:'n-'73T 20
of silver; and the overlay of their tops was of
silver, as were also their bands. — 20AII the pegs
of the Tabernacle and of the enclosure round
about were of copper.
PEKUDEI mpD
2iThese are the records of the Tabernacle, the nu7K niyn ]3\^p pu/jpn ""-ripQ n^x 21
Tabernacle of the Pact, which were drawn up T3 D^l^n niny nvj'n '>p-bv ipa
at Moses' bidding —the work of the Levites un-
-]3 ^7x^^31 22 : |ri'3ri nnK-13 "ibrr-K
der the direction of Ithamar son of Aaron the
riK nu/y ^J^^'' nt))p^ "i^n'l^ 'î>^
priest. 22N0W Bezalel, son of Uri son of Hur,
lriKi23 :ni^n-nK mn"' my-nu;K-'73
of the tribe of ludah, had made all that the Lord
had commanded Moses; his side was
u/nn ]i-nu)p^ 'q)3D"'nK-]3 3K"'^nK
23at
Oholiab son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan, nv'?lri3T im-!K3i n'pins Dpi 2p'm
carver and designer, and embroiderer in blue, D :TO3^ 'jî^n
purple, and crimson yarns and in fine linen. V33 n3K^)3^ ^'Û^VD 3riTrT-'73 24
2'iAll the gold that was used for the work, in yu/ri nQiJJin nnr 1
-"nî u^tpn ri3K'7)3
all the work of the sanctuary —the elevation
b\?)LJ n''\ubp^ niK)3 y3\^T "133 bnu/vi
offering of gold — came to 29 talents'^ and 730
nivn nips
shekels by the sanctuary weight. 25The silver of
nV.?"!'-^ ^^li?-^ ^W"^
n\z;)pni n^k)2 V3\î "i^^kt 133 nK)p
those of the community who were recorded
came to 100 talents and 1,775 shekels by the sanc- yp3 26 :u;ii?ri '7pu;3 b^p W'V^p)
tuary weight: 263 half-shekel/ a head, half a u/ipn '7p]^3 "^piFn rriynn nVii'rA^
shekel by the sanctuary weight, for each one
c Wiiich accounts for the remaining 20 cubits; cf. v. 18.
d-d Meaning of Heb. uncertain,

e A talent here equals 3,000 shekels,
f Heb. beqa'.
199
TORAH EXODUS 38.26 pekudei mpD n"? mDW n-nn
who was entered in the records, from the age

of twenty years up, 603,550 men. ^''The 100 tal- iniv? :D">\i7nn"! nlKD u/nrri d^d^k
ents ot silver were for casting the sockets of the u/ipn •'nK riK nj^Y^ r|D3ri -i33 riKp
sanctuary and the sockets for the curtain, 100
sockets to the 100 talents, a talent a socket. -^Ând
yn\yT t^^Kn-nKT 2s iTik"? 133 n33n
of the 1,775 shekels he made hooks for the posts,
w)) ntz/v D"'V3U7i nii^nriT hiKian
overlay for their tops, and bands around them.
-^The copper from the elevation offering

came to 70 talents and 2,400 shekels. 3''Of it he D^B^Ki 133 D'-ynu; nsijnn nu/hJi 2^
made the sockets for the entrance of the Tent
of Meeting; the copper altar and its copper grat- nnm riKi ivm bni<. nnsi '""nN
ing and all the utensils of the altar; ^'the sockets
"iy-iu/K nu/n^n "i33?p-nKi nu;njn
of the enclosure round about and the sockets
"nK-DKVM innmn ^^3-'73 riKi
of the gate of the enclosure; and all the pegs of
the Tabernacle and all the pegs of the enclosure
round about. i^nri n-Fn^-'73-nKi ]3\:7)3n n"]ri"'-'73
:n"'3D
39 Of
they also"
the blue, purple,
made
and crimson yarns
the service vestments for offi-
vb
ciating in the sanctuary; they made Aaron's sa-
cral
Moses.
vestments— as the Lord had commanded
D : nu;>3-nK mn"' m "ii?^k3
IpnK"! n^pn nnr iQKn-riK wv".!-

2The ephod was made'' of gold, blue, purple,
and crimson yarns, and fine twisted linen. ^They
hammered out sheets of gold and cut threads
to be worked into designs among the blue, the nv'?ln "înnT imiKn înni nînn
purple, and the crimson yarns, and the fine n'Qri3 1 : nu;n nu/yn \ijwr\ "qinni ^wn
linen. ^They made for it attaching shoulder- Tinl^^p innyp 'JU^"'7V riînn i^'^wv
pieces; they were attached at its two ends. ^The
13KJP vbiJ iu;k iniQK û/rn? nnn
decorated band that was upon it was made like
])pnKi nb'pn nnj inu/yns Kin
it, of one piece with it; of gold, blue, purple, and
crimson yarns, and fine twisted linen — as the
Lord had commanded Moses. :ni^>3TiK mn""
''They bordered the lazuli stones with frames nVnwp n'3pn Dn\i7n "•jnN-riKiwv?)''
of gold, engraved with seal engravings of the n'\r2p-bv Dnin •'rnna nnnsp nni
names of the sons of Israel. "They were set on nQn3 "7^ DHK DU/^V :'7K-|W '33
the shoulder-pieces of the ephod, as stones of
See 36.8.
Here and elsewhere in thii chapter the singular active verb (tit.
'he made") is used impersonally.
200
»
TORAH EXODUS 39.22 pekudei mpD u'7 n^'n\U n-nn
remembrance for the Israelites — as the Lord -ijz/KB '^KnwT '>nb ]ln3T -"pK iDKn
had commanded Moses. Q :nu7b-nK mn"" mi:
8The breastpiece was made in the style of the
ntz7i7'P3 ^^'n nu/yn ]U7'nrT-nK \uvi)
ephod: of gold, blue, purple, and crimson yarns,
and fine twisted linen. Ît was square; they made
the breastpiece doubled — a span in length and
w]j b^p3 mn y^:i"i9 :iTU7?p u/u/i
: ^7153 I2in-i nnT.i i3")K n-iT ]u;'nri-nK

a span in width, doubled. '^They set in it four
rows of stones. The first row was a row of ^car- DiK mu ]nK niu nynnx in-ix'???;'"! lo
nelian, chrysolite, and emerald; nthe second mum 11 :inKn mun rii7nnT nips
row: a turquoise, a sapphire, and an amethyst; "numi2 :D'7m"! -i^3p îdj ^mri
i2the third row: a jacinth, an agate, and a crystal; '"numi3 :nn'7nKi ini^ u\ijb "'U7"'^wri
'3and the fourth row: a beryl, a lapis lazuli, and
n'3OT)3 npu/î urip \L^''\p~)n 'V"'?1i7
a jasper. They were encircled in their mountings
nrnKmn :nn'K^?p3 nnt nlyiiu;)p
with frames of gold. i^The stones corresponded
nnt^y D-'nu; narT '^Knu/^-'j^ rir^p-bv
[in number] to the names of the sons of Israel:
twelve, corresponding to their names; engraved l)3U7-'7V u/îK bnn ""rnriQ nri)2\ij-bv
like seals, each with its name, for the twelve
tribes. nb:i^ ri'w^û ]\u'nr[-bv wv'lî5

i50n the breastpiece they made braided ^nu; iti/y^Ti^ :-iinu nriT ri'^y npvi2
chains of corded work in pure gold, i^xhey
^m'>^ nni nVny ^np^ nnr n'Y3u;?p
made two frames of gold and two rings of gold,
: ]u;'nn nlYp ^w'bv n'i/nun ^nw-riK
and fastened the two rings at the two ends of
'nu;-'7V nn-Tn nnnvn ^n\^ iJi^^v^
the breastpiece, 'âttaching the two golden
cords to the two rings at the ends of the
breastpiece. i^They then fastened the two ends ^pip-bv ijrij nnnvn ^np niyp
of the cords to the two frames, attaching them -'7K iQKH ri^n^-bv um"} n'ynu/Tan
to the shoulder-pieces of the ephod, at the front. nnr nVny ^^np iwvi'ti^ :V2B bm
i9They made two rings of gold and attached ^h^p-bv ]pnri niyi? îp-bv ij^-'u/î
them to the two ends of the breastpiece, at its

'^wv/^y-o :nn:'ii iQKn '^'^V'bK -ij|;k
inner edge, which faced the ephod. 20They made
two other rings of gold and fastened them
on the front of the ephod, low on the two
shoulder-pieces, close to its seam above the dec- ipsi^vi :nDKri nu^n^ '7V)3jp innnnn
orated band. 2 'The breastpiece was held in place nQKH nv3u-'7K "i-inVnup lu/nn-riK
by a cord of blue from its rings to the rings of iDKH nu/p-'rv mn'7 n'pin '7"'riQ3
the ephod, so that the breastpiece rested on the my '^pK3 ibKn '7i7n ]u;nn nr-k'p'i
decorated band and did not come loose from
:nu;n-nK mn''
the ephod — as the Lord had commanded
Moses.
22The robe for the ephod was made of woven
201
TORAH EXODUS 39.22 pekudei mpD \jb ^\^)2VJ n-nn
'7-''73
work, of pure blue.*^ -^The opening of the robe, •'33 iDinn '^'VJ^n-'Qi 2.^ :ri'7Dn
in the middle of it, was Uke the opening of a

:yni7"' k"? n^np v^b hqw Knnn
coat of mail, with a binding around the opening, n'pDn "ilKJ"! h''vr2r\ -^bw-bi; iwv:')24
so that it would not tear. 240n the hem of the
iti/^vs nw'D '')]LJ nv'?'im ])?nKi
robe they made pomegranates of blue, purple,
and crimson yarns, twisted. -^They also made

bells of pure gold, and attached the bells be-
n-iio ^'7"'V)3n ^bw'bv u^îmn "qinn
around the hem of ]>3"ii fny? ])2l^ fny? 26 n-'j'Tann T|in3

tween the pomegranates, all
:
the robe, between the pomegranates: 26a bell i\^K3 n'lVJb n^no b^vf^n •>b^\i;-bv
and a pomegranate, a bell and a pomegranate,

all around the hem of the robe for officiating n'K ntz;vn u/u; njri3n-nK w^.'iy^
in — as the Lord had commanded Moses. \ij\u nsj^Dn nKi28 -.vnb^ P'Q^^
'"They made the tunics of fine linen, of woven
•'pJ3)p-nKi vj\!j nyn^ân nKQ-riKi
work, for Aaron and his sons; 28and the head-
vjp ubKrT-nKT29 :"iTu;n u/u; inn
dress of fine linen, and the decorated turbans
i2]Lj nv|?lri"i imiK") n'pprn ntii/n
of fine linen, and the linen breeches of fine
twisted linen; ^ând sashes of fine twisted linen, -riK nyi] my -iu;k3 u^?•^ nu/i^n
blue, purple, and crimson yarns, done in D : np'n

embroidery — as the Lord had commanded
Moses. u;"T'j7 Dnin '>mr\B bri3)3 vbv nn3''"i
-''OThey made the frontlet for the holy diadem
nn^ nb-jn b^nB vbiJ ^2n'>^ 31 -.nrn^b
of pure gold, and incised upon it the seal in-
scription: "Holy to the Lord." 3iThey attached

nyii my iu/k? n^v,^^^ n3J^?3n-'7V
to it a cord of blue to fix it upon the headdress
above — as the Lord had commanded Moses.

lyiD briK ]3U7n ni3i7-^3 b'2r\î2
''^Thus was completed all the work of the Tab- mn"' n^y nu/K b'î bk'W'^ ""jn ^tz/i;"}
ernacle of the Tent of Meeting. The Israelites Q -.wv ]3 nu/wriK

did so; just as the Lord had commanded Moses, ]3U7>3n-nK 1x^3^133
-riK nu;n-'7K
so they did.
innn vij^]? vp-ip T''73-'?3-nKi briKri
-^-^Then they brought the Tabernacle to Mo-
ses, with the Tent and all its furnishings: its
n63n-nK134 -.vpK) vlr2V^ vnn3
clasps, its planks, its bars, its posts, and its sock-
np3?3-nKi D'-mKnn nbî<,ri nhly
ets; '''the covering of tanned ram skins, the cov- :^p?3rT n3-i3 riKT Diu;nnn niV
ering of dolphin skins, and the curtain for the riKi vi^-riKT niyri ]"iK"nK35
screen; ^^the Ark of the Pact and its poles, and T'^3-'73-nN in'^wn-riN 36 : niBsrr
the cover; 36the table and all its utensils, and the nij?3rT-nK 37 :n"'J3n nn'? nxi
bread of display; ^"the pure lampstand,'' its
TIKI n3-iy)3n nnj n^'jinrriK ninun
kimps — lamps in due order — and all its fittings,
and the oil for lighting; 3«the altar of gold, the
J See note at 2S.M.

c See note at U.S.
TORAH EXODUS 40.11 PEKUDEI mpD n n^Y2\U ^^1^n
oil for anointing, the aromatic incense, and the
screen for the entrance of the Tent; ^^the copper :'7ri'xrT nn|j ^p)3 nxi nîsDn niup
altar with copper grating, poles and
its its all its
"in3?p-nKi nu/n^n nnm i
nK39
utensils, and the laver and its stand; 40the hang-
T'Jâ-'ra-nK'i v^n-riK l'7-nu;K nu/n^n
ings of the enclosure, its posts and its sockets,
nynn 'v^p nK4o :i-i3-riK"i n'ân-riK
the screen for the gate of the enclosure, its cords
and its pegs — all the furnishings for the service
'TiDTpn-nKi n^'JiKTiK'! nnjay-riK
of the Tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting; 4ithe

service vestments for officiating in the sanctu- :ii;1)2 briKb ]^\u)3ri nnnv "''?3"'73
ary, the sacral vestments of Aaron the priest, and -riK u/i'i?!! n')\Ljb -["wn '}A3-nK4i
the vestments of his sons for priestly service. vn 'i:^3-nK'i ]n3ri fnnKyiiJ-TprT nîi
42Just as the Lord had commanded Moses, so
nj^b-riK n'ln"' my-iu/K b'22 42 : ]nD^
the Israelites had done all the work. 'i3And when
Moses saw that they had performed all the
•.ri'pvri-h'^ nK bk'W'> ^n wv ]3
tasks — as the Lord had commanded, so they

mm n5K^)3ri-'73-nK nm Kih43
had done —Moses blessed them. w:; ]3 mn;" mi: "iu^kb nn'K wv
Q :nu7')3 DJiK qnn;'!
40 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: n>pK^ nu;)3-'7K mn^ nniî i-J
20n the first day of the first month you shall \u^nb inK3 liu/x-in u/inri-Dl"'^ 2
set up the Tabernacle of the Tent of Meeting. nl2\uî :ivm briK ]3u;p-nK w'pn
3Place there the Ark of the Pact, and screen off
i-\i<^7i-bv n'3pi rinyn ilnx nx ni;
the ark with the curtain. 4Bring in the table and
]nbw'r[-nK nK3m4 :n3n3rT-nK
lay out its due setting; bring in the lampstand
and light its lamps; ând place the gold altar of
nnj)2ri-nK nxnm l3"ii;-nK ri3-ii7T
incense before the Ark of the Pact. Then put up nntp-riK nrinjT 5 : n^nnrriK rr'^^ym
the screen for the entrance of the Tabernacle.
6You shall place the altar of burnt offering be- :]2p'i3b nnsn '^p)p-nK
fore the entrance of the Tabernacle of the Tent nnQ 'Jq'7 T^bvri niiTu nx nnnjie
of Meeting. ^Place the laver between the Tent -]"'3 i''3n-nK nnji ' : ii;l?3-b'n'K ]3u;)p
of Meeting and the altar, and put water in it.
: n^jp up nnjT nnmn ]^3i ivm briK
8Set up the enclosure round about, and put in
•qpTpTiK rinJT n^np "lYnn-riK njptîs
place the screen for the gate of the enclosure.
'^You shall take the anointing oil and anoint nynn ^vp
the Tabernacle and all that is in it to consecrate nn\uJ2'\ nnmri ])?u;-nK .nni7b'i9
it and all its furnishings, so that it shall be holy. nu/^pl i3-n\i7K-'73-nKT ]3U7)3n-nK
lOThen anoint the altar of burnt offering and rTir['\ vb3-b3-ni<,) iJiK
:U7"i'i7
all its utensils to consecrate the altar, so that the
altar shall be most holy. "And anoint the laver

n3T?3n n'lm niiTjan-riK n\ulv^ vb^
and its stand to consecrate it.
203
TORAH EXODUS 40.12 pekudei mpa n fllDW nmn
'-You shall bring Aaron and his sons forward

to the entrance of the Tent of Meeting and wash
them with the water. i^Put the sacral vestments
nn3-'7K Tik-riKi pHK-riK nnnpni '2
on Aaron, and anoint him and consecrate him,

^.um:^ dhk nyn-ji ivm brii<.
that he may serve Me as priest. ''Then bring his
u;ij?n '1A21 riK pnK-riK n\yii'7rTi 13
sons forward, put tunics on them, '-"ând anoint
-.lb ]npT in'K ni^îpT In'K nnu/ni
them as you have anointed their father, that they
may serve Me as priests. This their anointing
shall serve them for everlasting priesthood

throughout the ages. UT)b riinb nnirii^b ijhdt Drr'^K-riK
i^This Moses did; just as the Lord had com-
manded him, so he did.
iHK mn"' n;iy -iu/k b'22 nu/b '6
iuvl^
D -.niuv ]3
'"In the first month of the second year, on
the first of the month, the Tabernacle was set
up. 'SMoses set up the Tabernacle, placing its

n-ijiyn mm pii/Kin win? ttt)'^
sockets, setting up its planks, inserting its bars, Di7^1''* :13^J3ri Dp.in \u'ir\b iriKn
and erecting its posts. ''He spread the tent over ^^^\'^. vjiKTiK ]n'i i3if;)3n-nK nu/b
the Tabernacle, placing the covering of the tent -riK U\?,''^ vnnBTiK in'i vu/ip-nK
on top of it — just as the Lord had commanded -bv ^brikrf-nK U/iq"") '"^ nîiiTî;
Moses.
vbv briKT] np3?p-nK nU/î ]2\ur2ri
-"He took the Pact and placed it in the ark;
riK nyii n\y "iî<? nb'yip'pn
he fixed the poles to the ark, placed the cover
on top of the ark, -'and brought the ark in-
D : nwb
side the Tabernacle. Then he put up the curtain ^^^^'l pKrr'^K niVHTiK ]^\'!^ nj?"! 20
for screening, and screened off the Ark of m'ssn-riK in"! pKn-"?:; D-'^nn-nK
the Pact — just as the Lord had commanded pKH-HN Kn^l-' :r[bvr2b)2 pi<.ri-bv
Moses.
22He placed the table in the Tent of Meeting,
-riK mn"" niy ni^xa nnyn ]i-iK bv
outside the curtain, on the north side of the Tab-
ernacle. --''Upon it he laid out the setting of bread

bv
before the Lord — as the Lord had commanded "ni"!.
lyitt brii<,3. ]nbwri-ni<. in"! 22
Moses. 24He placed the lampstand in the Tent qhy^v-^ :n3'"i3'7 yinn nlD^ ]3^^n
of Meeting opposite the table, on the south side "IU/K3 mn"" 'jd'? an"? -\iu vbv
of the Tabernacle. -Ând he lit the lamps before -fiK t^'il--' D :nu;D-nK n^'n''^ my
the Lord — as the Lord had commanded Mo- bv ]rib\i)r[ hdj nylw brii<,:i h-iJTpn
ses. -^He placed the altar of gold in the Tent of
•>2^b nhan "^V"."]-' :n3ij ]:d\ljT27i
jî
Meeting, before the curtain. -''On he burned
it
D rnwn-riK mn"' my ~iu^k3 mn""
aromatic incense — as the Lord had com-
iyln '^HK^ iHTH n:iTn-nK niy^v^
manded Moses.
204
TORAH EXODUS 40.38 pekudei mpa J3 m)3\i7 n-nn
28Then he put up the screen for the entrance

of the Tabernacle. 29At the entrance of the Tab-
ernacle of the Tent of Meeting he placed the altar
nK") 29 : ]:2\ij't2b nnsri "npip-nK uiul^ 28
of burnt offering. On it he offered up the burnt

-briK ]3u;?3 nns u\u r^b'uri nntp
offering and the meal offering — as the Lord had
-riKi nVyn-riK v^y bv^) iptz
commanded Moses. -ÔHe placed the laver be-
tween the Tent of Meeting and the altar, and

D : nu/b-riK mn^ my "i\^k3 nm)an
put water in it for washing. -'' i
From it Moses and
Aaron and his sons would wash their hands and :n;^n"i'7 u^p riizuj ]nî n^Tjan
feet; 32they washed when they entered the Tent
of Meeting and when they approached the '7ri'K-'7K DKns32 nn^^n-riKi nnn"'
:
altar — as the Lord had commanded Moses.

33And he set up the enclosure around the Tab-
ernacle and the altar, and put up the screen for
the gate of the enclosure.
When Moses had finished the work, ^^the

"lYnn '^vp 'qpjp-riK
cloud covered the Tent of Meeting, and the

Presence of the Lord filled the Tabernacle. i^biz n)r[^ TinDT nv'i^ "Ô^"^^ l^VO
35Moses could not enter the Tent of Meeting,
because the cloud had settled upon it and the ilnpT ]Ji7ri vbv pur-iB iv^t^ ^hk-'^k
Presence of the Lord filled the Tabernacle.
nl'7i7nni36 :]3u;j3n-nK kû mn-i
36When the cloud lifted from the Tabernacle,
'7b5 bK'W'' ^n lyp^ I3u;)3n b^ri ]jyri
the Israelites would set out, on their various
journeys; -''^but if the cloud did not lift, they

iib) ];yri n^y^ KyaK')37 :nn"'VP'?
would not set out until such time as it did lift.
mn^ ]2V """a 38 : iri'7yri uv-iv ivp""
38For over the Tabernacle a cloud of the Lord 13 n^")^ mnn u;ki uiqv )^\ijy2r[-b^
rested by day, and fire would appear in it" by

night, in the view of all the house of Israel
throughout their journeys.
nîy Kmn b'K^ n^"'nn 0^71:7^1 on
a I.e., in the cloud. vym 1,209 laon "ru; nvioan mô •'Nmvn'?
205
'
Klt5'1
LEVITICUS
1VA-YIKRA'
The Lord called to
from the Tent of Meeting,

Moses and spoke
saying: ^Speak to the
to him v^K nin^
'jn-'7K -13^2
nni^T Tj)u'n-bi<. *i<ip''T
:-lbK'7 IVm
K
VriKQ
Israelite people, and say to them:
nnbi<^ n"!)3xi ^bK-w"!
When any of you presents an offering of cattle
to the Lord, "he shall choose his-" offering from
the herd or from the flock.
Îf his offering is a burnt offering from the :D3n-!i7-nK
herd, he shall make his offering a male without u^pn -IDT -li^nri-])? mil? n'7'i7-DK3
blemish. He shall bring it to the entrance of the in'K nnpThi7l?3 briK nn3-'7K ^nnp;"
Tent of Meeting, for acceptance in his behalf \:7K'n bv It "iiJ3Di4 :ninT i:^b '\p']b
before the Lord. ^He shall lay his hand upon unu7i5 :vbv -is^V 1^ ny-iJi r\bvri
the head of the burnt offering, that it may be 'ill nnpnf nin^ ^)^b -ijpnn iin-nx
acceptable in his behalf, in expiation for him.
-riK ipnn a"iriTiK "'Jn'sn f-inx
5The bull shall be slaughtered before the Lord;
and Aaron's sons, the priests, shall offer the
b7ii< nn3-"iu;K i^^nD hiiT)3rT-'7V win
blood, dashing the blood against all sides of the
nn'K nriJi n'7'i;rT-nK u'li^DrTie nv'\)2
altar which is at the entrance of the Tent of \!ji<, insrr pnK 'iii ijnjv :n^nnj^
Meeting. 6The burnt offering shall be flayed and :u;KrT-by D^yy iD-iyi nnmn-^v
cut up into sections. ''The sons of Aaron the D^'finin riK D^'insn priK \n idivt «
priest shall put fire on the altar and lay out wood "IU7K ^yvn"'7i7 -i-[|iri-nK'i ii/Kin-riK
upon the fire; ând Aaron's sons, the priests,
l^-ipi^ :nnmri-'7y -iu;k \ukn-by
shall lay out the sections, with the head and the
-riK ]rT3rT Tiupni Q^ran ynn^ i"'ppi
suet, on the wood that is on the fire upon the
altar. Îts entrails and legs shall be washed with

nlnTrin n\iji< nbv nnnran V'3'n
water, and the priest shall turn the whole into

smoke on the altar as a burnt offering, an Ik n"'nu;3rT-])p in-ij; ixyn-i^p-DK") lo
offering by fire of pleasing odor to the Lord. :mnp:' •'?pri idt nVy^ '•Tvri-]p
loif his offering for a burnt offering is from •'jQ^ njQY n?mn -qx b}j iriK \3r1\1j) n
the flock, of sheep or of goats, he shall make his
in-i-HK n-'jnsn prrK'^jn ipin mn^
offering a male without blemish, uit shall be
slaughtered before the Lord on the north side
of the altar, and Aaron's sons, the priests, shall
dash its blood against all sides of the altar.
a-a Lit. "you shall offer your.
207
TORAH LEVITICUS 1.12 VA-YIKRA K-^p•>^ K K^lp^'T nmn
'2When it has been cut up into sections, the n'K \ri2ri tj-ivt niQ-nNT l\:;K'-i-nKT
priest shall lay them out, with the head and the
suet, on the wood that is on the fire upon the
altar. ' 'The entrails and the legs shall be washed

with water; the priest shall offer up and turn the
nrrij nn. nwK Kin rib'v nnimn
whole into smoke on the altar. It is a burnt
offering, an offering by fire, of pleasing odor to
the Lord.
'Îfhis offering to the Lord is a burnt offering njlTi ""Jin-in Ik Dnnn-]n nnpni
of birds, he shall choose his offering from tur- niT)3rT-'7K iri'Bnlnnipm i? :m-)i7-nK
tledoves or pigeons. '5The priest shall bring it
nnnmn "iûpni iu/k'-i-hk pbm
to the altar, pinch off head, and turn into
its it
i-'pni K^ : nsmn -i^p bv Dbi nypji
smoke on the altar; and its blood shall be
'7yK nn'K '^''b\u^\^ nm'n iriKnn-riK
drained out against the side of the altar. i^He
shall remove its crop with its contents,'' and cast

VW) '^
n^^"^ D'ipP"'^^^ nmp nnmn
it into the place of the ashes, at the east side of
in'K "Tippni b^^î Kb Tispn in'N
the altar. '^The priest shall tear it open by its -bv n\^K w^vn-bv nnimn ]ri3n
v^ngs, without severing it, and turn it into n'rr'j nn, ni^K Kin r\bv wkh
smoke on the altar, upon the wood that is on D : r^^^[^b
the fire. It is a burnt offering, an offering by fire,

of pleasing odor to the Lord.
A^ When a person presents an offering of meal

to the Lord, his offering shall be of choice flour;
he shall pour oil upon it, lay frankincense on
it, -and present it to Aaron's sons, the priests.
nri^pp iiipi? K^p DU7)p ypj?! 'jnan
The priest shall scoop out of it a handful of its
'\ti'2;r\ T'ppni nnp'7-'73 bv njnii/m
choice flour and oil, as well as all of its frank-
incense; and this token portion he shall turn

nn"'j xv^^ rwK nniimn nnnsTK-nK
into smoke on the altar, as an offering by fire, fnnK'7 nnj?3n-]p h-inianv' -.rv^rvb
of pleasing odor to the Lord. -'And the remain- D imn"" 'U^Kn n"'U7"|i7 u;ip vjnî
der of the meal offering shall be for Aaron and '^'\lr\ rTQKjp nnjn inij? nnpn ^3^^
his sons, a most holy portion from the Lord's 'j?."'^-)! ])p\i73 vb'b'i n^n nl^n nVu
offerings by fire.
myn
D :]n\i;3 D^nu/J^
•JWhen you present an offering of meal baked
n'7b "^J.3-ii7 nnrDan-"?:; nnjn-DNp
in the oven, (it shall be of] choice flour: un-
leavened cakes with oil mixed in, or unleavened
wafers spread with oil.
5If your offering is a meal offering on a grid-
dle, it shall be of choice fiour with oil mixed in,
"
h Olhen "feathery
— «
TORAH LEVITICUS 3.2 va-yikra' K-ip''i J K'^)p'>^ n-nn
unleavened. 6Break it into bits and pour oil on nlri3 6 '.n^rin ny?? ]u\i7n nh^b:l
it; it is a meal offering. nnjp ])2p n\î7 J?pV?l Q""^? ^J?'^
7If your offering is a meal offering in a pan,
D :KirT
it shall be made of choice flour in oil.
8When you present to the Lord a meal

offering that is made in any of these ways, it shall
be brought to the priest who shall take it up to
n^K}? nt/y;' iu/k nmjpn-nK nKnm
the altar. ^The priest shall remove the token por- -bK nu/Ârri ]n3rT-'7K nnnprri nrn^b
tion from the meal offering and turn it into -riK nnj?2rT-])3 in'an nnni 9 nnmn
:
smoke on the altar as an offering by fire, of pleas- nn nwK nnnTTan "fupni nnnsm
ing odor to the Lord. lOAnd the remainder of nm)3n-])p nnniiiri'i 10 -.nrn^b rim
the meal offering shall be for Aaron and his sons,
a most holy portion from the Lord's offerings
by fire.
1 iNo meal offering that you offer to the Lord

i<b nin-'^ ^^npn -iu;k nm?3rT-'73n
shall be made with leaven, for no leaven or -Kb vj'h.Tb:^') Sku7-'73 '3 ypn nu/yn
honey may be turned into smoke as an offering ]3"!i7
12 : nrn-'b nwK ^m)2 n-'upn
by fire to the Lord. i2You may bring them to
the Lord as an offering of choice products;^ but -'73113 tn'mj w^b ^bvyi<b nsmri
they shall not be offered up on the altar for a
pleasing odor. i-^You shall season your every
b^ "^pnjp bvr) nnn n^n
"^""ribK
offering of meal with salt; you shall not omit
D -.nbri nnpn 3iJ3"!i7-'73
from your meal offering the salt of your cove-
nant with God; with all your offerings you must
mn-'^ Dni33 nmp 3npn-nKii4
offer salt. nnpn blb'^^ u/ha wk3 ^^bp^ 3''nx
i4If you bring a meal offering of first fruits n-ibv nnJii? :^"'li33 nmp nx
to the Lord, you shall bring new ears parched ^.K^r^ nnjip npb r^^bv nntî ]y2^j
with fire, grits of the fresh grain, as your meal nti7i^)p nnnsTK-fiK ]n3ri Tiuprri 16
offering of first fruits. 'SYou shall add oil to it

n^K v\npb-b^ bv n^)2]^m
and lay frankincense on it; it is a meal offering.
3 -.mn^b
i6And the priest shall turn a token portion of
it into smoke: some of the grits and oil, with
all of the frankincense, as an offering by fire to
the Lord.
^ If his offering is a sacrifice of well-being« 1J3-1I7 n^)2bp nnT-DK") lA

If he offers of the herd, whether a male or a -DK ^"i3rnK nnpp Kin hf^nrr-p dk
female, he shall bring before the Lord one with-
out blemish. 2He shall lay his hand upon the
a Exact meaning of Heb. uncertain.
a Others "peace offering. " Exact meaning o/shelamim uncertain.
209
TORAH LEVITICUS 3.2 va-yikra K-ip-"! 1 K"lp''1 min
head of his offering and slaughter it at the en-
trance of the Tent of Meeting; and Aaron's sons, -riK D-'jn'sn ]inK -"js ip-in -ti;l)3
the priests, shall dash the blood against all sides
of the altar. -^He shall then present from the

sacrifice of well-being, as an offering by fire to
i\z;k n^nrT-'73 nKi nnjpn-nK ncDan
the Lord, the fat that covers the entrails and all
the fat that is about the entrails; ^the two kidneys

and the fat that is on them, that is at the loins; wbv:i'n-bv iu/k ]'ribv "iu;k n'^nn
and the protuberance on the liver, which he nvb:2ri-bv inarr-"?!/ n-in'^n-riKi
shall remove with the kidneys. 5Aaron's sons pHK-'jn in'K TTipprn? :n3~i.''D"'
shall turn these into smoke on the altar, with n^^^ri-bv "lU/K nb'i^ri-bv nnnrjan
the burnt offering which is upon the wood that
nn-'j nn, n\i/K w^ri-bv -i\z;k
is on the fire, as an offering by fire, of pleasing
odor to the Lord.
Dîp'pu; nnT"? ijîj? ]K':^rT-]?p-DKV>
6And if his offering for a sacrifice of well-being
to the Lord is from the flock, whether a male
or a female, he shall offer one without blemish. lJii-ii7-nK nnpQ-Kin ntz;3-DK 7
"If he presents a sheep as his offering, he shall iT-riK "qipDi 8 : nrn'' 'jej^ inx nnpni
bring it before the Lord ^'and lay his hand upon '7ri'K 'jp'7 iriK un\i7i linii?
î^T^V
the head of his offering. It shall be slaughtered
-bv in-i-riK ]-inK ^n ip-iif -ryln
before the Tent of Meeting, and Aaron's sons
shall dash its blood against all sides of the altar.
rM3^r;in r['>bi<.r[ l:a^n nin^^ nwx
^He shall then present, as an offering by fire to
the Lord, the fat from the sacrifice of well-

n'pnriTiKi ri^y^'' nyyn nr2:jb
being: the whole broad tail, which shall be re- "IU7K n^nn-'73 nxi nnpn-riK noDnn
moved close to the backbone; the fat that covers TIKI n'''^3ri '>n\i; hki 10 : n"i.i?n-'7y
the entrails and all the fat that is about the en- wbxD^n-b:; nu/K ]ribv nu/K h'7nn
trails; 'f'the two kidneys and the fat that is on n^b3r[-bi^ insn-'rv n"i.n''rT-nKT
them, that at the loins; and the protuberance
is
Dn"? nnnmn ]ri:ir[ iT'Uprn '
' : n^yv^
on the liver, which he shall remove with the kid-
3 -.nyi'^b n\i7K
neys. "The priest shall turn these into smoke
on the altar as food, an offering by fire to the
Lord. in'K vn\LJ) Wi<']-b^ '^'^1'^^ ^^V") '-^
'-And if his offering is a goat, he shall bring -riK pHK 'in ip-in' lyin b'n'K ^jq"?
it before the Lord ''and lay his hand upon its i3)3n nnpm" :n''3D n^mn-'^y ^m
head. It shall be slaughtered before the Tent of no^nrr h'pnn-nK nyn'^b nwif. iJ3"ip
Meeting, and Aaron's sons shall dash its blood
-bv nu;K n'pnn-bs riKi n-iprrnK
against all sides of the altar. '•'He shall then pre-
n'7nn-nKT n^'73n twj hki '^ :3-ii?n
sent as his offering trom it, as an offering by tire
to the Lord, the fat that covers the entrails and

all the fat that is about the entrails; ''•the two
210
—
TORAH LEVITICUS 4.10 va-yikra' K-ip-'T T X"lp''T n-iin
kidneys and the fat that is on them, that is at -jiKi wibv^n-bv i\i7K ]ri^y iu/k
the loins; and the protuberance on the hver,
which he shall remove with the kidneys. '^The n\£7K nn"? nnnTTan ]ri3ri nn-'uprri i6
priest shall turn these into smoke on the altar
as food, an offering by fire, of pleasing odor.

All fat is the Lord's. i^'It is a law for all time
throughout the ages, in all your settlements: you
must not eat any fat or any blood.
^t The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2Speak
to the Israelite people thus:
When a person unwittingly incurs guilt in re-

gard to any of the Lord's commandments
nnxn nibv] nrti/yn Kb -iu;k mn^
about things not to be done, and does one of
them
3If it is the anointed priest who has incurred
ni;ri npu/K^ Kun^ n"'u;)art ]ri'3r[ uk 3
guilt, so that blame falls upon the people, he

"13 Kun "iu;k "iriKun bv nnpm
shall offer for the sin of which he is guilty a bull K''nm4 :nKun'7 mn^"? u^pn '^\?^3r]3.
of the herd without blemish as a sin offering" mn^ '>)^b ivm briK nn|!-'7K "issn-riK
to the Lord. ^He shall bring the bull to the en- -riK un\f7i i3ri \ui<yb:j ii^'njs: qpD'i
trance of the Tent of Meeting, before the Lord,
n"'u;)3n ]ri:iri npVi 3 : mn;' \i^b -i|)n
and lay his hand upon the head of the bull. The
:'Tj;in briK-bK in'K K-'nri'i nsn nyiz
bull shall be slaughtered before the Lord, 5and
n-fm wr^ ivnyK-riK ]ri::i'n "^nuTe
the anointed priest shall take some of the bull's
blood and bring it into the Tent of Meeting.
6The priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and in-p ]ri3n "]njv .\u'ijpri riDnEs
sprinkle of the blood seven times before the •'jq'7 n"'?3Dri nn'up niim niJ-ii7-'7V
Lord, in front of the curtain of the Shrine. "The ni-b3 I riKi iv^Tz briK3. -iu;k r[)r[''
put some of the blood on the horns

priest shall
--wuK nb'vri nnm hiD:'-'?^ ^7{b\lj^ isn
of the altar of aromatic incense, which is in the
-13 n^n-'73-nKis nv'\)2 briK nns
Tent of Meeting, before the Lord; and all the
HD^nn h^nn-nK nn^ rixunn
i:i53n
rest of the bull's blood he shall pour out at the
-bv "iu;k n'7nn-'73 hxi nnj^ri-'?!?
base of the altar of burnt offering, which is at
the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. ^He shall b'^nn-riK") ri^b^n ^np hxT 9 nnjpn :
remove all the fat from the bull of sin offering: -riKT D"''7D3ri-'7V "1U7K ]'n^b)j, lyjK
the fat that covers the entrails and all the fat that : r[n;'rD'> nvb3ri-b:j li^ri-bv nnn^n
is about the entrails; ^the two kidneys and the u^)2b\ijn nni '^wn n-iv -iu;k3 10
fat that is on them, that is at the loins; and the
protuberance on the liver, which he shall re-
move with the kidneys — lojust as it is removed
a So traditionally: more precisely "offering of purgation.'
211
TORAH LEVITICUS 4.10 va-yikra K-ip-'i 1 K^np""! min
from the ox of the sacrifice of well-being. The
priest shall turn them into smoke on the altar
of burnt offering. '

' But the hide of the bull, and
all its flesh, as well as its head and legs, its entrails
and its dung — '-all the rest of the bull — he shall
carry to a clean place outside the camp, to the
ash heap, and burn it up in a wood fire; it shall
be burned on the ash heap.

'Mf it is the whole community of Israel that "pyji '\w-> bK'W^, ri-ii7-'73 dki 13
has erred and the matter escapes the notice of -73^ niiK wvi br\^n ^pv)2 -ifiT
the congregation, so that they do any of the :inu;KT nru/yn'K'? ~iu7k mn"' niyj^
things which by the Lord's commandments iKun riKunn nvilJT m
ri^bv "iu;k
ought not to be done, and they realize their
nKun"? ns innpm
guilt — Hwhen the sin through which they in-
ni?:?-]^ '7ni7n
^^Dof 1? :ivin brii<, "'JQ^ in'K wnrn

curred guilt becomes known, the congregation
shall offer a bull of the herd as a sin offering,
nan \ui(']-bv nrr'T-nK riivri -"ipT
and bring it before the Tent of Meeting. i-^The :

mpi ""js^ "isn'HK unipi nrn"^ •'ja^
elders of the communit)' shall lay their hands -bK nan nip n-'U/Tpn ]ri2ri Kînm i<^
upon the head of the bull before the Lord, and -]P ivinYK ]ri:)r[ b2v^^' :nyi)3 briK
the bull shall be slaughtered before the Lord. riK mn'! b^pva ynu; win
•'ja'p nfrri
i^The anointed priest shall bring some of the
n'3-i|7"'7V I ]rT' Qin-iTpi « :ria'-iarT ">)$
blood of the bull into the Tent of Meeting, '"and
b'riK:^ '^pi<. nin"" ""ja^ Su;k nnmn
the priest shall dip his finger in the blood and
iiD:'-'7K ^^^\ij^ n"in-'73 riKi lyiD
sprinkle of it seven times before the Lord, in
front of the curtain. '^Some of the blood he shall nvm briK nna-i\^K r^b'i^ri niii?3
put on the horns of the altar which is before the
Lord in the Tent of Meeting, and all the rest
of the blood he shall pour out at the base of the Dn'7i7 -I331 i^"nU;vT ]p nKunn -la'p
altar of burnt offering, which is at the entrance

"lan-riK K^yimî -.urib ribv)) irr'an
of the Tent of Meeting. ''^He shall remove all
iwKa in'K qntp") n^nr^b yinn-'7K
its fat from it and turn it into smoke on the altar.
'7rTi7n riKun ]iu;K"in nan dk cîtf/
20He shall do with this bull just as is done with
do the D -.Mn
the [priest's] bull of sin offering; he shall
same with it. Thus the priest shall make expi- -b2'i2 npK ntpyi Kum k-'u/j "iu^k;:
ation for them, and they shall be forgiven. -'He nj"'u;yjTK'7 n\:7K vfibi<. mn"- n'lyn
shall carry the bull outside the camp and burn
it as he burned the first bull; it is the sin offering
of the congregation.
22In case it is a chieftain who incurs guilt by
doing unwittingly any of the things which by

the commandment of the Lord his Ciod ought
21.
TORAH LEVITICUS 4.33 va-yikra' NipiT 1 K1p''1 n-nn
not to be done, and he realizes his guilt — 23or iriKun vbK y"[ln-lK 23 : nii/KT nnu;n
the sin of which he is guilty is brought to his
knowledge —he shall bring as his offering a male

\ui<ybv \i) "^pDi 24 : nipn -i3t q-'-tv
goat without blemish. -'^He shall lay his hand
Dnu;;'-iipK aii^pB IriK unu;i T'l/ti^n
upon the goat's head, and it shall be slaughtered
:Kin nxun mn-' ^:^b nb'vri-nK
at the spot where the burnt offering is
slaughtered^' before the Lord; it is a sin offering.

iynyxn nKunn ui)2 inari ni7^'i25
25The priest shall take with his finger some of in^-nxi nb'vri nnm nnp_-b:j injT
the blood of the sin offering and put it on the -â-riKi 26 : nb'vri nîjp "f1d^-'7k ti3U7i
horns of the altar of burnt offering; and the rest nnt n^ns nn^ran ^yp'i in'pn
of its blood he shall pour out at the base of the iriKunn ]n'3ri vbv wr^b^ju
"ispi
altar of burnt offering. 26A11 its fat he shall turn
D -Ab n'pDJi
into smoke on the altar, like the fat of the
nyn mm:! xunri nriK \:;Drni<i27
sacrifice of well-being. Thus the priest shall
make expiation on his behalf for his sin, and he

~]\UK mn;' niy?3p niiK nn'ti/yn pKn
shall be forgiven. vbK yim Ik 28 iDU/Ki mwvn-iib
2"Ifanyperson from among the populace'ûn- riTVu; Ijnnp K'lnrTi xyn -iu/k iriKun
wittingly incurs guilt by doing any of the things
which by the Lord's commandments ought not nKunn
to be done, and he —
u/kt bij i^?"'^^ T?V") '^ '•
^W
realizes his guilt 28or the
•Tibvri nlppn nxunn-nK unu/i
sin of which he is guilty is brought to his
-bv ]nJT ivnyKn nmr: ]n3ri npî 30
knowledge —he shall bring a female goat with-
^'su/T n)3'i-'73-nKi r[bvri nnm nnp
out blemish as his offering for the sin of which
T'p^ nii'pn-bs-nKi 31 : nnTian nlD:'-'7K
he is guilty. 29He shall lay his hand upon the
head of the sin offering, and the sin offering shall "'u^)2b\ijri nnt bvri b'pn -ip^n "iu/k?
be slaughtered at the place of the burnt offering. nn^j nn"? nnnTjpn \ri2ri "i"'upm
30The priest shall take with his finger some of 2 : '\b n'^DJi ]ri:2r[ vbv nQDT mn"'^
its blood and put it on the horns of the altar nnpa nKun'7 iJinij? K^n^ u/ns-QKl^^
of burnt offering; and all the rest of its blood
7^ iir^^^ "H'??'!-'-'
:!^|^"'?"' n7p''nri
he shall pour out at the base of the altar. 3iHe
riKun^ njiK unii/i nKunn u/x'i
shall remove all its fat, just as the fat is removed
ni?^134 rn^yn-nK unu;"' -iu/k Dipnn
from the sacrifice of well-being; and the priest
shall turn it into smoke on the altar, for a pleas-
ing odor to the Lord. Thus the priest shall make

expiation for him, and he shall be forgiven.
32If the offering he brings as a sin offering is
a sheep, he shall bring a female without blemish.
33He shall lay his hand upon the head of the sin
offering, and it shall be slaughtered as a sin

offering at the spot where the burnt offering is
b Cf. 1. 11.
c Lit. "people of the country.'
213
TORAH LEVITICUS 4.33 va-yikra' K^p^'^ 1 K~lp"'T n-nn
slaughtered. -^''The priest shall take with his
finger some of the blood of the sin offering and q'sw'' n?p'i-'73-nNT nVyn nnrn n'np
put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering,
and all the rest of its blood he shall pour out

h-'nbvjri nn;T?p nu;3rT-n^n idt' -i\i;K3
at the base of the altar. -^Ând all its fat he shall
Wi<. bv nn^Tpn dhk ]n3ri "fpi^n")
remove just as the fat of the sheep of the sacrifice --
iu;k inKun-'^v IpDrT vb:; "i33i mn;'
of well-being is removed; and this the priest
shall turn into smoke on the altar, over the 3 nb r\bv}^ Kun
Lord's offering by fire. Thus the priest shall
make expiation on his behalf for the sin of which

he is guilty, and he shall be forgiven.
w/ If a
When
person incurs
he has heard
guilt
a public imprecation"
n
and — although able to testify as one who has
either seen or learned of the matter — he does K)pu -in^-b'Sii vm ~i\i7K u;DJ iK 2
not give information, so that he is subject to

hb^n nknu n^n n^nn °1k
iK
punishment;
-Or when a person touches any unclean
Kpu y\\u n^nj3 ik nknu npnin
thing —be it the carcass of an unclean beast :niyKi Knu Kini ijjap d'?v^1
or the carcass of unclean cattle or the carcass iriKnu '73^ niK riKpun vp ^p 1k 3
of an unclean creeping thing —and the fact VII Kim ^m)2 a'?VJ"! ^^ >^??V^ "^^^
has escaped him, and then, being unclean, he
realizes his guilt;
D^nQU/n Kun"? ynipn ^3 wqj 1k ^
Ôr when he touches human unclean-

Kun^ "IU7K '^by n"'U''nV Ik v^rib
ness —any such uncleanness whereby one
vi^-K^m nynu/n dikh
i
becomes unclean —and, though he has

^m'l2 nbvi']
in'pKp nriK^ du/kt

known it, the fact has escaped him, but later
he realizes his guilt; n"i"!rini n'pK)? niiK^ awK^-iD mn*)?

•'Or when a person utters^ an oath to bad ini^KTiK K^nrn^^ -^^bv Kun nu/K
or good purpose —whatever man may utter
a nnpj Kun -iu;k iriKun bv nin"''?
in an oath — and, though he has known it, the

wiv nyv\u-'\i<. nnwD ]KYn-]n
fact has escaped him, but later he realizes his
:iriKunn ]n:ir[ vbv "imi riKun^
guilt in any of these matters
^when he realizes his guilt in any of these mat-
ters, he shall confess that wherein he has sinned.
<'And he shall bring as his penalty to the Lord,
for the sin of which he is guilty, a female from

the flock, sheep or goat, as a sin offering; and
a Namely, against one who withholds testimony,

b Lit. "utters with his lips.
TORAH LEVITICUS 5.16 va-yikra' N-ipî n KIp^T n-nn
the priest shall make expiation on his behalf for

his sin. ij^^-lK Dnn "irwu xun nu/K inu/x
''But if his means do not suffice for a sheep,
ifiKi riKun^ IRK nyi^b njl-'-^n
he shall bring to the Lord, as his penalty for that
nnpni insn-'^K bn"K K-'ini « : nb'vh
of which he is guilty, two turtledoves or two pi-
-riK pbm njlU7Ki nxunV nu/x-riK
geons, one for a sin offering and the other for
a burnt offering. ^He shall bring them to the

n\r\)9 :b^^:i''_ iib^ iQ-iy bmr: wk'^
priest, who shall offer first the one for the sin
offering, pinching its head at the nape without : wn riKun nnran nlD^"'7K nY)3T n^n
severing it. '^He shall sprinkle some of the blood
of the sin offering on the side of the altar, and n^pJT Kun-iu/K iriKun)? \ri2n vbv
what remains of the blood shall be drained out
at the base of the altar; it is a sin offering. 'OAnd
the second he shall prepare as a burnt offering,
-i\^K ljn-ii7-nK K-inni 'hji''-'n ""ju;^
according to regulation. Thus the priest shall
make expiation on his behalf for the sin of which -i<b nKun'7 nbv nQKn nypv Kun
he is guilty, and he shall be forgiven. nhb h'^bv ]n'!-Kb'] ]T2f ri^bv wib^
1 lAnd if his means do not suffice for two tur- "]n3rT"'7K HK-inmi^ :K^n riKun ""a
tledoves or two pigeons, he shall bring as his "HK lypip K'\b')2 T]m)2 I ]ri3ri ypj?!
offering for that of which he is guilty a tenth
mn'' '>\^K bv nnimri T'upni nnnaiK
of an ephah of choice flour for a sin offering;
-bv ]n3rT Ti^y °-i3pi 13 :Kin riKun
he shall not add oil to it or lay frankincense on
n'^pj") n^K'? rinKp Kunnu/K inKun
it, for it is a sin offering. ^-He shall bring it to
the priest, and the priest shall scoop out of it

D :nm)23 ]ri3^ nn^rri ib
a handful as a token portion of it and turn it
into smoke on the altar, with the Lord's : i)pKV nm-bK mn"' "inn^T 14
offerings by fire; it is a sin offering. '-''Thus the
priest shall make expiation on his behalf for
whichever of these sins he is guilty, and he shall

-Iqp3 ^31V^ lKyrT-])p D^pn '7''K
be forgiven. It shall belong to the priest, like the
riKi 16 : nu;K^ vJi;p'n-b\p,\LJ:2. W'bp^p
meal offering.
i4And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: \ri3b in'K vbv ^vv inii/iTpn
]nji
iswhen a person commits a trespass, being n'^pJi n\pKn '7"'K3 vbv ^^^'2'> ^narii
unwittingly remiss about any of the Lord's sa-
' ^^^ ^
\ 'Ab
cred things, he shall bring as his penalty to the
Lord a ram without blemish from the flock,
convertible into payment in silver by the sanc-

tuary weight, as a guilt offering. i^^He shall make
restitution for that wherein he was remiss about
the sacred things, and he shall add a fifth part
215
TORAH LEVITICUS 5.16 va-yikra n.^^p^>^ n Kip"'! n-nn
to it and give it to the priest. The priest shall
make expiation on his behalf with the ram of

the guilt offering, and he shall be forgiven. b^K K^nnf i« : î^v ku/jt du/kt yT^-K'7T
I'And when a person, without knowing it,
sins in regard to
ments about things not

any of the Lord's command-
to be done, and then
:i>u;n\^K mw bv inan T'^vnsDi
Kin nu/K 1^'
-Ab n'ppji vx'n'? niht
realizes his guilt, he shall be subject to punish-
ment. i^He shall bring to the priest a ram with-
D -.nyn^b dwk dwk
out blemish from the flock, or the equivalent,' U7QJ21 :i)3K'7 np)2-bi<. niH"" "121"''!20
The make Kunn '3

as a guilt offering. priest shall expi- \ynpl mn-'n b^j-n r^bv^}2^
ation on his behalf for the error that he com-

mitted unwittingly, and he shall be forgiven. 'Ît
npK Kyjp-iK 22 : in-ini/TiK pu;y 1k
is a guilt offering; he has incurred guilt before
nnK"'?V "^W^^ i^^^J") ^? Ôpi
the Lord.
:mri;i Kvnb aiKn np^y^yJif^ Van
20The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 21 When
-riK niu/ni bu/KT Kuni-is n^nps
a person sins and commits a trespass against the
Lord by dealing deceitfully with his fellow in -i\z;k pu;yn-nK Ik "7^ "i\^k nbnn
the matter of a deposit or a pledge,'' or through inK ipQn iu;k ]inpQn-nK Ik p\f;y
robbery, or by defrauding his fellow, 22or by Van iK24 :KY)p "i\^K ni^Kn-riK 1k
finding something lost and lying about it; if he
\riK nb^j^ np^^ ^vbv ynw^nu/K
swears falsely regarding any one of the various
Kin ')\ui<.b vbv qp''' TiJiu/pn"! lu/Kin
things that one may do and sin thereby
1nu;K-nK"i25 :lri)pu;K uv:i i^jji^ ^b
23when one has thus sinned and, realizing his
which he got through

^3"!i;3 iKYn-]p u^pn bii<. nin"'^ i^^'21
guilt, would restore that
robbery or fraud, or the deposit that was en- ]ri:2r[ vbv "i33"i26 :]n'3n-'7K du/k^
trusted to him, or the lost thing that he found, 73)3 nnK'Vy i^ n'?pJi mn-" ^;^b
2-ior anything else about which he swore falsely, Q :nn rTD\iJi<,b nu/ynu/K
he shall repay the principal amount and add a
fifth part to it. He shall pay it to its owner when

he realizes his guilt. 25Then he shall bring to the
priest, as his penalty to the Lord, a ram without
blemish from the flock, or the equivalent, ' as
a guilt offering. 26The priest shall make expia-
tion on his behalf before the Lord, and he shall
be forgiven for whatever he may have done to
draw blame thereby.
c I.e., in currency; cf. v. 15.
d Meaning of Heb. uncertain.

e I.e., in currency; cf. v. 15.
TORAH LEVITICUS 6.13 tsav ly 1 K"lp''T n-nn
6 TSAV
The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
2Command Aaron and his sons thus:
This is the ritual of the burnt offering: The n'pyn K^r\ nnln
°'7i7 nb'ijri riKT
burnt offering itself shall remain where it is
-TV nb^^n-b:^ n5T)3n-'7V *n"ipln
burned upon the altar all night until morning,
u/n^p :'in ipm nnTârr \uk) "li^'in
while the fire on the altar is kept going on it.
-bv \u^b'! "'i^-'oppT nn l^p ]ii2ri

3The priest shall dress in linen raiment, with
linen breeches next to his body; and he shall take

up the ashes to which the fire has reduced the '7yK I)3tf7i nnT)3rT-'7y nb'Vn-nK u/kh
burnt offering on the altar and place them be- n-'iA!? vj'^.b'] vin-nK uu;ej^ 4 : n;nmrT
side the altar. 4He shall then take off his vest-
ments and put on other vestments, and carry
-bv u^KHis :"ilnu nij7)3-'7K r[2n)2b
the ashes outside the camp to a clean place. ^The
riibv "ivî n|pn k^ impin nnmn
fire on the altar shall be kept burning, not to
go out: every morning the priest shall feed wood n"'^V '^"IVI î?^^ "'i??^ °^7^V inari
to it, lay out the burnt offering on it, and turn :D"')p^\i7rT •'n'pn n\^y nûpm nb'vri
into smoke the fat parts of the offerings of iib nnmn-'^v 'fp^^ '^^P^ ^^f^
well-being. Â perpetual fire shall be kept burn- nnpn u ••
ing on the altar, not to go out. -''J3 nn'K ni.pn "unmri nnin nkrv
''And this the ritual of the meal offering:
is
:nnT)3n îB-bK mn^ î^b ]'^'r\K
Aaron's sons shall present before the Lord,
it
nm)3ri n^Dp li^Pi?^ "^m-n nnms
in front of the altar. Â handful of the choice
-bv nu/K np^rT-'73 nKT m?p\i7)pT
flour and oil of the meal offering shall be taken
from it, with all the frankincense that is on the
n'n"'j nn nnTjan 'T'Dprn nnjian
meal offering, and this token portion shall be m)3n nnnliiriiy •.n'p''b nnnBTK
turned into smoke on the altar as a pleasing odor mpTpn ^"^^Kn niyi? vn^ I'nriK i^pk"'
to the Lord. "^What is left of it shall be eaten kîo :rn'p3K'"' ii;l)3-'7nK "lyn? u/'ij?
by Aaron and his sons; it shall be eaten as un- 'ji^K'? nn'K 'nnj ni^^n yhn nDKn
leavened cakes, in the sacred precinct; they shall
:nu7K3i riKuns Kin h'>\u'i2 u/ij?
eat it in the enclosure of the Tent of Meeting,
loit shall not be baked with leaven; I have given
it as their portion from My offerings by fire; it
is most holy, like the sin offering and the guilt
offering. I'Only the males among Aaron's de- nTi3 :"i')pK^ n\LJ')2-bK npT "i;nT1i2
scendants may eat of it, as their due for all time nin-"^ mnpriipK t'J:?^ pnK "l^lp
throughout the ages from the Lord's offerings
by fire. Anything that touches these shall be-
come holy.
•2The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: '^This is
the offering that Aaron and his sons shall offer njnn" i^yum in-iaD v. 8.
217
TORAH LEVITICUS 6.13 tsav ^y ^ Kip"*! mm
to the Lord on the occasion of his" anointment:

a tenth of an ephah of choice flour as a regular nrriynpT ip'iiin nrriynp i^pn nnjn
meal offering, half of it in the morning and half
nu;yn ixjiy^ nnnip-'^y''! iîyn
of it in the evening, '^shall be prepared with oil
o'lJiQ nnjn mKân riD^-in
""rDn
on a griddle. You shall bring it well soaked, and
inam's -.•nyi^bnn^rnn nnpn
offer it as a meal offering of baked slices,'' of
-pn nn'K nwy^ pjnp vnnn n-'\i;^n
pleasing odor to the Lord. '-"Ând so shall the
priest, anointed from among his sons to succeed nnj?p-'7DT "^:^ypn '^"''^d mm'? n^ly
him, prepare it; it is the Lord's — a law for all
time — to be turned entirely into smoke. '^So,

too, every meal offering of a priest shall be a n5"i'« :~ibKV nu7n-'7K mn"' i^TI'^
whole offering: it shall not be eaten.
pnK"'?^
nnin riKT inK'? T'J3"'7ki
nb'VTi vn\ur] °i\ijk nlpnin nKunn

'''The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: i**Speak
Dû/np vjip nin^ î^b riKunri unii/n
to Aaron and his sons thus: This is the ritual
of the sin offering: the sin offering shall be

m'^DK"' nn'K Kunnn ipsn 'y :K^r[
slaughtered before the Lord, at the spot'" where : lyiKj '7ri'K -lynn b2i<.n Vip Dipnn
the burnt offering is slaughtered: it is most holy. n-n -iii/KT MJip^ nnu/nn yr-iu;K b'3 20
'^The priest who offers it as a sin offering shall D"iDn n-'b:; nv n\^K i:xin-bv "nn-jn
eat of it; it shall be eaten in the sacred precinct, -b\u:ir\ nu7K u;nn-''73T ^1 :u;'-Fp Dipnn
in the enclosure of the Tent of Meeting. 20Any-
thing that touches its flesh shall become holy;
and if any of its blood is spattered upon a gar-

nK\pn-b2)2i :Kiri W'pi^? u/ip nn'K
ment, you shall wash the bespattered part in the
sacred precinct. -'An earthen vessel in which it

^^^2b i}jm briK-bK îh'i'n Niv nu/K
was boiled shall be broken; if it was boiled in
a copper vessel, the vessel [ ] shall be scoured and

rinsed with water. --Only the males in the
priestly line may eat of it: it is most holy. --^But
no sin offering may be eaten from which any
blood is brought into the Tent of Meeting for

expiation in the sanctuary; any such shall be
consumed in fire.
7 his is the ritual of the guilt offering: it is : Kin 'U/'iP u;ip nu/KH nnm nxn T
most holy. ^The guilt offering shall be slaugh-
tered at the spot where the burnt offering is
slaughtered, and the blood shall be dashed on

all sides of the altar. Âll its fat shall be offered:
a Or "their.
h Meaning of Heb. tuphinc uncertain.
c Cf. I. II.
218
TORAH LEVITICUS 7.16 tsav iy T K"lp"'T n-nn
the broad tail; the fat that covers the entrails; :ni,i?.rT-nK noDpn n^nn-nK'i r[^bi<.n
4the two kidneys and the fat that is on them at
the loins; and the protuberance on the liver,

nnn^n-riKi n-'^poBn-'^v nu/K ]ri'''7V
which shall be removed with the kidneys. SThe
priest shall turn them into smoke on the altar
\z;k r[yr[^b r[^K nnimri )ri'2r[ nnx
as an offering by fire to the Lord; it is a guilt
nipjpn ^2hî<^ D^Jn's? l?!''^? ^ ^^\^
Ônly the males in the priestly line may
-
offering.
eat of it; it shall be eaten in the sacred precinct: : Kin D"'U;"Ti7 U/lp "^DK^ ^\IJM\?
it is most holy. \ri2ri wnb nnx nnin ciu^ks riKuna 7
''The guilt offering is like the sin offering. The

same rule apphes to both: it shall belong to the nnpn "iu;k nVyn "ily \LJ''i<^ riVy-riK
priest who makes expiation thereby. ^So, too,
the priest who offers a man's burnt offering shall
nnn}?-'?^'! nu7n-i?33 nt^yr'^DT iânn
keep the skin of the burnt offering that he
-'7D1 10 : ri^r^n ^b nn"K nnpân ]n3^
offered. ^Further, any meal offering that is
baked in an oven, and any that is prepared in

a pan or on a griddle, shall belong to the priest D :T'nK3 \u^K n^nn pnK
who offers it. lOBut every other meal offering,
with oil mixed in or dry, shall go to the sons nnp:" nu7K 'pîtrn nnt nnin nxn n
of Aaron all alike.
: T^r^^b
-bv I nnpm innp:" n-iln-'7i7 dk 12

iiThis is the ritual of the sacrifice of well-
])p\i73 rib^b::! nl2^?3 ni^n niinn nnr
being that one may offer to the Lord:
'2If he offers it for thanksgiving, he shall offer
together with the sacrifice of thanksgiving un- n'^n-'^y 13 : ipwn nb^b':l ribn riDnnw
leavened cakes with oil mixed in, unleavened niln nnT-'7V ij^nj; nnp:" yjbn n'7
wafers spread with oil, and cakes of choice flour ]ii"ii7-'73n hnx ^m-n nnpm h : v)2b\u
with oil mixed in, well soaked, i^xhis offering, n^-riK pyn ]ti'2b rirn^b n^pnn
with cakes of leavened bread added, he shall
niin nnr^ nti/ni 15 : n^riT ^b a^p^î^n
offer along with his thanksgiving sacrifice of
^mr2 n''p.~i<b bîi^ iJ^nj; dv3 vi^bp
well-being. i40ut of this he shall offer one of
each kind" as a gift to the Lord; it shall go to
the priest who dashes the blood of the offering
uv^. iJ3"!i7 n3T^ nnij Ik i "inraK") '^
of well-being. iSAnd the flesh of his thanksgiv- nnn73)3i '73K"' innr-riK innpn
ing sacrifice of well-being shall be eaten on the
day that it is offered; none of it shall be set aside
until morning.
i6If, however, the sacrifice he offers is a votive
or a freewill offering, it shall be eaten on the day

that he offers his sacrifice, and what is left of it
a Lit. "offering."
219
TORAH LEVITICUS 7.16 tsav i2f T K"lp''T n-nn
shall be eaten on the morrow. 'AVhat is then -ityiin inl3rni7 :'73K"' ^m'n "inliim
left of the flesh of the sacrifice shall be consumed DK1 1« :ci"i.w"' u/Kin 'u;'''7\i;n bl^n nn^n
in fire on the third day. i«If any of the flesh of
ni^n vi2b\ij nnriU;:ap "^dk^' ^^^^
his sacrifice of well-being is eaten on the third
day, it shall not be acceptable; it shall not count

for him who offered it. It is an offensive thing,
and the person who eats of it shall bear his guilt.
''^Flesh that touches anything unclean shaU b-^K} Kb KTpu-b'D:! yr—iu;k "iwnni i^
not be eaten; it shall be consumed in fire. As

for other flesh, only he who is clean may eat such
flesh. -"But the person who, in a state of un- vbv iriKpuT r^rn^b -iu;k b^nî^^n
cleanness, eats flesh from the Lord's sacrifices
u/Qjiii :n-')3y)3 Kinn u/ajn nnnDJi
of well-being, that person shall be cut off from
I biK nxpun K)3u-'73n yari-'3
iK
his kin. -'When a person touches anything un-
^pKl xbu yi7U7-b'3n IK nK)3U npnnn
clean, be it human uncleanness or an unclean
animal or any unclean creature,'' and eats flesh
mn"'^ "lU/K u^ribvjri nnrnt^na
from the Lord's sacrifices of well-being, that Q :n'')3V)3 K^^l^l u;a^n nnip:i
person shall be cut off" from his kin.
-in'i23 -.-i-nKb nu7b-'7K mn"" ~i;it'!22

'-And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
'^W 2^n-'73 iipK"? '7K"iu;"' "'Jn-'^K
-3Speak to the Israelite people thus: You shall
n^nj :ibm24 :i^3Kri k^ ryi :3U;dt
eat no fat' of ox or sheep or goat. 24Pat from
Vdkt nDK^n-'7D^ nu/y;' nanu n'prn
animals that died or were torn by beasts may
-]n n'pn '7pK-'73 "'s^s :^n|7pKn i<b
be put to any use, but you must not eat it. 25lf
anyone eats the fat of animals from which nrn'^b nii^K nmrz nnp? "lu;^ n)prT3n
offerings by fire may be made to the Lord, the -b2'\ 26 : n-iDyn n^DKn \:;a^rT nrn^JT
person who eats it shall be cut off from his kin. qiy"? D''rinu;i)3 "^bn ^b^Kn i<b ui
26And you must not consume any blood, either -b'D "^pkn-nu/K U7Qr'73 27 tnnn^'pi
of bird or of animal, in any of your settlements.
^''Anyone who eats blood shall be cut off^ from
his kin.
13129 ni2Kb np-n-bK mn-" na~i:'"i28
2«And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: nnrriK nnpjsn inK"? b^'ip'! 'J3-'7k
^'^Speak to the Israelite people thus: The offering r[]nib iJ3"ii7-nK K^n^ r[)r['>b vobw
to the Lord from a sacrifice of well-being must •WK DK n^K^nn vii m> -.
VDb\u n^m
be presented by him who offers his sacrifice of riN i3K-'n'i nTnn-'7y n'pnn-riK mn""
well-being to the Lord: '"his own hands shall
-.n'p'' "'jd'7 npijn in'K ^''^rib ninn
present the Lord's offerings by fire. He shall
present the fat with the breast, the breast to be

elevated as an elevation offiering before the
h lieb. shcqcN. lit. "abomination"; icwriil "l^^ iinit iiri,i,-tit

"
ventons read shcrcs 'iwarming things.
c I.e., hard, coane fat (suet); cf. J.J-5.
220
TORAH LEVITICUS 8.5 tsav iy n K~lp"'T min
Lord; 3ithe priest shall turn the fat into smoke nnnTJ^n n^nn-riK ]ri2'ri -i"'uprTi3i
on the altar, and the breast shall go to Aaron pw nKi32 'Vnb^ I'lO^"? ^Wi) '^?'71
and his sons. 32And the right thigh from your
sacrifices of well-being you shall present to the
wpb]^^ n'l-nK nnp)3n33 mp^jpû;
priest as a gift; 33he from among Aaron's sons
p'WLJ njnn i^ prjK 'Jsp n^nn-nKi
who offers the blood and the fat of the offering
ns^jrin nTn-nK°i3 34 •.n^'Db pp^n
of well-being shall get the right thigh as his por-
tion. 34For I have taken the breast of elevation riK)? ^''nnpb nTpnnn pw \ nxi
offering and the thigh of gift offering from the
Israelites, from their sacrifices of well-being, riKp n^ly-pn'7 V22b^ inari pnK^
and given them to Aaron the priest and to his
sons as their due from the Israelites for time.

all
•lirK)? vn nnu/jpi 'prtK nnu/Tp riKT 35
35Those shall be the perquisites'' of Aaron and
the perquisites of his sons from the Lord's
offerings by fire, once they have been inducted^
Inu7)p hv:i wnb nn^ mn;" mY°iu;K 36
to serve the Lord as priests; 36these the Lord

commanded to be given them, once they had
been anointed, as a due from the Israelites for
all time throughout the ages. nKun"?! nnmb n^y^ niinn nxT 37
37Such are the rituals of the burnt offering,

'rp nnn nu/'n-nx mn^ niy "iu^k38
the meal offering, the sin offering, the guilt
^""^pn^ bk'iiu^ ^n-nK iniy uv'2.
offering, the offering of ordination, and the
Q 'j-'p ~i|i-r?p3 nrn-'b Dn""jnii7-nK
sacrifice of well-being, 38with which the Lord :
charged Moses on Mount Sinai, when He com-

manded that the Israelites present their offer-
ings to the Lord, in the wilderness of Sinai.
8 The Lord
Aaron along with
spoke to Moses, saying: 2Take
his sons, and the vestments,
np2 :i)2K^ n\u')2-bK mn"" -ibti n
the anointing oil, the bull of sin offering, the
riKunn "iq i riKT nni^jan ]nu7 riKi
two rams, and the basket of unleavened bread;
3and assemble the whole community at the en-
brlK nnB-bi<, bnpn nnyrr-'â riKV
trance of the Tent of Meeting. ^Moses did as the
Lord commanded him. And when the com-

mn^ niY nu;K3 n\u'r2 u/y^T-i :nyin
munity was assembled at the entrance of the : ivm briK nn|!-'7K riivubripn) inx
Tent of Meeting, SMoses said to the community,
"This is what the Lord has commanded to be :nlt:;i;'7 ^\^TT> my
done."
d Lit. "anointment," i.e., accruing from anointment,

e Lit. "brought forward."
221
TORAH LEVITICUS 8.6 tsav 1^ n K^p""! n-nn
^Then Moses brought Aaron and his sons for-

ward and washed them with water. 'He put the njri3n-nK v^y in^v .wrp'^ nn'K
tunic on him, girded him with the sash, clothed
riK iriK îj^b"]) unxn iriK iin:"!
him with the robe, and put the ephod on him,
girding him with the decorated band with which
vbv u\ui'\*» :i^ 1^ "f'SKill "I'Q^^n nwrin
he tied it to him. ''He put the breastpiece on him,
and put into the breastpiece the Urim and
Dnmn-riK ]wnn-'7x in"! ]u;'nrT-nK
Thummim.'^ 'Ând he set the headdress on his -bv nQ3Y)3n-nK aU/^p iD^jann-riKT
head; and on the headdress, in front, he put the Tijs '7in-'7K n3Jy)3n"'7y nu/î iu/Ki
gold frontlet, the holy diadem — as the Lord had
commanded Moses. :nu;b-nK np^
"^Moses took the anointing oil and anointed
the Tabernacle and all that was in it, thus con-
\Ij~]p_^^ i3-nu;K-'73-nNT ]3u;)3n-nK
secrating them. '
I
He sprinkled some of it on the
vnu; nnmrT-'7V ^m-D pt " :Qn'K
altar seven times, anointing the altar, all its
utensils, and the laver with its stand, to conse-
crate them. '-He poured some of the anointing iDU/ii?"? "i^^-nKi n='3ri-nKi v^3
oil upon Aaron's head and anointed him, to inriK u;k'"i bv nnurjan ]'nwr2 py'>^ 12
consecrate him. '-'Moses then brought Aaron's n\i;b '\p'^.\?b in'K nu/n""!
nipi'i'-'
sons forward, clothed them in tunics, girded
them with sashes, and wound turbans upon
them, as the Lord had commanded Moses.
'•^He led forward the bull of sin offering.
Aaron and his sons laid their hands upon the
pHK '^>3p'i riKunn "13 hk \Ijb^ 14
head of the bull of sin offering, isand it was : nKunn "is \L;t<ybv dh^'ttik vni
slaughtered. Moses took the blood and with his ]r\'!i n"in-nK nu/n nj?"! uiiu/""! 15
finger put some on each of the horns of the altar, Nun"""! 1i;iiyN3 n^no n^TJan ninp-'^v
cleansing the altar; then he poured out the blood
ilp^-'7K py^ Din-riNT n^mn-riK
at the base of the altar. Thus he consecrated it
:vbv -iBD^ ^niyip:'} n-^mu
in order to make expiation upon it.
"^"^p.^'by lu^K 3^nrT-'73-nK ni?"")
16
'^Moses then took all the fat that was about
the entrails, and the protuberance of the liver,
n"'^3n 'nuz-riK') insn nnn'"' nxi
and the two kidneys and their fat, and turned :nn3T)3n nyj'-n iyp:'i irrs'rn-nKi
them into smoke on the altar. '"The rest of the TINT nw^-riNT iiyriKT -isn-nKi '
bull, its hide, its flesh, and its dung, he put to "ii^K3 nJnia^ yinn u;k3 ^"liv w^b
the fire outside the camp) — as the Lord had :n\:;>3-nK r\]r[^ my
commanded Moses.
I'lrtK '\2'nv'>} T^b'vri b^K nx nip"*! '«
"*Then he brought forward the ram of burnt

offering. Aaron and his sons laid their hands
-bv Din-fiK nu;n piPi unu/'i i-^
upon the ram's head, '''and it was slaughtered.
nîpiDDa minn 'yn v. 8.

a See note on Exoii. 28.30.
222
—
TORAH LEVITICUS 8.30 tsav iy n K"lp"'T min
Moses dashed the blood against all sides of the nrij '7;'Kn-nK"i 20 :i'^;iv n^mn
altar. 20Xhe ram was cut up into sections and
Moses turned the head, the sections, and the n"!.i7n-nKT2i n-rBn-riKi "'nn^n
suet into smoke on the altar;
the entrails and the legs with water and turned

21 Moses washed
nm nupn n^)3? ynn D-'i/nan-nKi
-nn'7 Kin n^y nniTjan '7:'Kri-'73-nK
all of the ram into smoke. That was a burnt
offering for a pleasing odor, an offering by fire
nin^ n^y -ijz;k3 nyi'^b Kin r\^K nw^
to the Lord — as the Lord had commanded : n\z;'?3-nK
Moses. D'lK^^pri ^7^^; 'iiLyri '7-'Kn-nK bnpi'T 22
22He brought forward the second ram, the WKybv Dn''T-nK vn^ fnriK iSppî
ram of ordination. Aaron and his sons laid their iri^T imp nu7')3 nj?""! un\^î23 :'7;'KrT1
hands upon the ram's head, 23and it was slaugh-

\i1 ]ri'2.-bv) rT'j)3''ri prjK'iTK îjrT'7i;
tered. Moses took some of its blood and put it
on the ridge^ of Aaron's right ear, and on the

-bv b"irT-]n nii/n inî priK "'n-riK
thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of
his right foot. 24Moses then brought forward the hii iri'n-'7V"! ri''ii)p^ri djtk qijn
sons of Aaron, and put some of the blood on pnTî rfjip-'n '7^-1 ]'ri:i-bv'\ n'>^t2'>r[
the ridges of their right ears, and on the thumbs in-'iD nnT)3n-'7V nin-riK nu;b
of their right hands, and on the big toes of their TIKI n^^Kn-riKT n^nn-riK nj|n25
right feet; and the rest of the blood Moses n-in'"' hKi nu/K n'pnn-'73
b"i.i?n-'7y
dashed against every side of the altar. 25He took
inn^rrriKi n";''73rT 'nuz-nKT "rnan
the fat —the broad tail, all the fat about the en-
I ~iU7K niY)3rT bvm 26 ; pp^n pw riKi
trails, the protuberance of the liver, and the two
kidneys and their fat — and the right thigh.
n^ri) nriK n^)p n^n npb" n)n-> ^2Bb
26From the basket of unleavened bread that was -bv h\IJ\^ "inK p'^p-]) nriK ])2yj nn'7
before the Lord, he took one cake of unleavened -riK in"! 27 :pjp^ri pw bv) W'ibnn
bread, one cake of oil bread, and one wafer, and vn ^p2 b}J^ f^riK '33 bv b'h'n
placed them on the fat parts and on the right nip^vs tnp"' 'js'? nQijn nn'K cipt
thigh. 27He placed all these on the palms of
nn3T)3ri nupi'i nn-'Q? bv)2 bn'K nu;b
Aaron and on the palms of his sons, and elevated
rim w^b bn d^kû r[bvr[-bv
them as an elevation offering before the Lord.
-riK nu7>3 niP''T29 -.mn-'b K^•r\ nwx
28Then Moses took them from their hands and
turned them into smoke on the altar with the '7''K)3 mn"' 'jq'7 nDijn ins^ri ninn
burnt offering. This was an ordination offering niy 1U7K3 njjpb n^n nvj'r^b wkbi^ri
for a pleasing odor; it was an offering by fire to :nu;)3-nK mn^
the Lord. 29Moses took the breast and elevated ~nin-ipT nnu7J2n ]D\i7p n\z;b nj^^po
it as an elevation offering before the Lord; it
T'"]A3-'7V pn>^-'7y n n5T'3n-'7V nu/K
was Moses' portion of the ram of ordination
as the Lord had commanded Moses.
30And Moses took some of the anointing oil
and some of the blood that was on the altar and
h Or "lobe."
223
TORAH LEVITICUS 8.30 tsav ly n K'lp"'! min
sprinkled it upon Aaron and upon his vest-
ments, and also upon his sons and upon their "lin-riKT vj^-riKi inAB-nN priK-riK
vestments. Thus he consecrated Aaron and his :lnK vjn
vestments, and also his sons and their vest-
^bw^. vn-bi<s^ priK-b'K nyJ'n "DpK'''! 31
ments.
I'^pkn bu;Vhyln brii<. nn3"nu;:;inTiK
-'iMoses said to Aaron and his sons: Boil the
D"'K'7)an bx?:i "iu/k an^riTiKT inx
flesh at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting and
eat it there with the bread that is in the basket : in^pK"' Vni pHK IDkV TT'iy "IWKD
of ordination — as 1 commanded:' Aaron and :iQitz;n VJi<,:i ^nb^^ "it^:?? irn3ni32

his sons shall eat it; ^-and what is left over of nynw ixyn ip^ nv:ip
the Tent of Meeting for seven days, until the
isd'p riiuvb mn;" niy n|.ri ni^n ntz;y
day that your period of ordination is completed.
u)2V inu/n fvln '7nK'nnQT 33 -.wj^b:;^
For your ordination will require seven days.
.MEverything done today, the Lord has com-

manded to be done [seven days], to make ex- : ^n'');^ ]2"'3 ^î^^l2n i<b^ n]ni ninu/p
piation for you. 35You shall remain at the Dnnin-'73 fik vn^ pnK t:;v''.i36
entrance of the Tent of Meeting day and night

for seven days, keeping the Lord's charge — that
you may not die — for so I have been com-

manded.
-^Ând Aaron and his sons did all the things
that the Lord had commanded through Moses.
9SHEMINI
his sons,
On the eighth day
and the
Moses
elders of Israel.
called Aaron and
^He said to
u
n^K"!- :'7K-iU;"' ''),p]b^ vnb^ I'lriN^
Aaron: "Take a calf of the herd for a sin offering
nKun"? "ipn-]^ bî! "^^'np phk-Vk
and a ram for a burnt offering, without blemish,
: nin;" •'jd^ ^").i?n"i )?"'pn r[b'vb '^'ki
and bring them before the Lord. 3And speak
to the Israelites, saying: Take a he-goat for a sin
inp ibN'? n^nn bK')\u^ ^n-b:<.'\}
offering; a calf and a lamb, yearlings without -'J3 tz/npT bî^) riKun^ DiTy-Tivt^
blemish, for a burnt offering; -tand an ox and b-ik) niu/i-t :n^y'7 nn^nn mw
a ram for an offering of well-being to sacrifice ^[b^b:l nmm nin"" 'js'? nsTb n^ribvjb
before the Lord; and a meal offering with oil
:DD-''7K nK"iJ mn"" Di^n ""b ]ni^3
mixed in. For today the Lord will appear to
you."
5They brought to the front of the Tent of
Meeting the things that Moses had com-
c Or, voca/izin^ suwwcthi, "7 have befti lommtimletl": cj. below,

w. 35 and 10.13.
TORAH LEVITICUS 9.18 shemini Tuu; u KHp^l nmn
manded, and the whole community came for-
ward and stood before the Lord. ^Moses said:
"This what the Lord has commanded that

is
niT)3rT-'7K nip pHK-'^K Tim n)?k='i 7
you do, that the Presence of the Lord may ap-
pear to you." 7Then Moses said to Aaron:
byn ]5"!i7-nK n\uv) nyri nyni î-ji/n
"Come forward to the altar and sacrifice your
sin offering and your burnt offering, making ex-
piation for yourself and for the people; and riK vnm nnT)2n-'7K fnriK nnpîs
sacrifice the people's offering and make expia- ^h nnp^f"? :1'7-iu;k nxunn b:x};
tion for them, as the Lord has commanded."

SAaron came forward to the altar and slaugh-
py^ a^n-nKi nnTJ^n n'inp-'7V ]r\'>^
tered his calf of sin offering. Âaron's sons

-riKi n'pnn-nKiio :nnT)3ri iiD:'-'7K
brought the blood to him; he dipped his finger
-]i2 hn3ri-])p nnn'^n-nxT ri^b^ri
in the blood and put it on the horns of the altar;
and he poured out the rest of the blood at the
my -iu;k3 nnnT)2n nûpn riKunrr
base of the altar. lOThe fat, the kidneys, and the -nxT "imn-nKT 11 :nu7>3-nK mn*'
protuberance of the liver from the sin offering :mn)3^ yinp wAn ^yu nivn
he turned into smoke on the altar — as the Lord prtK 'in ^Ky?p='f nVyn-riK unu/î 12
had commanded Moses; 'and the i

flesh and the nnT)2rT-'7V inpiTî D^n-riK vb^
skin were consumed in fire outside the camp.
vbK m-'yTan n^yn-nKiB :n''nD
i2Then he slaughtered the burnt offering. Aar-
: nnT)3rT-'7V "ipp:"! u/K-in-nKT n-innj^
on's sons passed the blood to him, and he
"lupl'T n^ynsn-riKi nnpn-riK yny^ h
dashed it against all sides of the altar. i^They
passed the burnt offering to him in sections, as

:nnnmn nj7Vn-'7V
well as the head, and he turned it into smoke n-iyuz-riK npî nyn i^-ip nx nnp^'i 15
on the altar. i^He washed the entrails and the
legs, and turned them into smoke on the altar ^bvri-nK nnp^'i 16 ]iU7Ki3
^W^.".} :
with the burnt offering. Kb)2^} hnjjan-nK bnp:'! 17 :uiQU/J33

i5Next he brought forward the people's
nVy "fn'pp nnmn-b'y nup^'i n373?p 133
offering. He took the goat for the people's sin
and slaughtered and presented

offering,
as a sin offering like the previous one.

it, it
'^He
h iKypi'f DV^ nu7K umbpri nni
brought forward the burnt offering and -bv inp-iPT vbK bin-riK nnx
sacrificed it according to regulation. '''He then
brought forward the meal offering and, taking
a handful of it, he turned it into smoke on the
altar — in addition to the burnt offering of the

morning." i^He slaughtered the ox and the ram,
the people's sacrifice of well-being. Aaron's sons
passed the blood to him —which he dashed
a See Exod. 29.38-46.
225
TORAH LEVITICUS 9.18 shemini Tnu/ u Kip""! min
against every side of the altar — '"ând the fat -])p n''n^nri-nKi 19 :3"'nD nnmn
parts of the ox and the ram: the broad tail, the npDDrn n^'^'^Kn "^-iKn-im ^^Wrl
covering [fat], the kidneys, and the protuber- "HK iwt^î^f :in3n nnn'^T n^'psrn
ances of the Hvers. -"They laid these fat parts
n-'n^nn -lupi'i nirnri-b'V D^;i^nn
over the breasts; and Aaron'' turned the fat parts
pp^n pw nK") nitnn riKi 21 : nnnmn
into smoke on the altar, -'and elevated the
breasts and the right thighs as an elevation

offering before the Lord — as Moses had com- :nu;>3 my
manded.
--Aaron lifted his hands toward the people n'^Vni riKunn nti/yip Tf] npin-'T
and blessed them; and he stepped dow^n after -bK priK'i nu;b Kn^vs :umb\^'ri']
offering the sin offering, the burnt offering, and
K-y,) nV'7"^^ ''^1.^''} ^^V!'"! "^V'i'2 briif,
the offering of well-being. --^Moses and Aaron

Û7K Kyrii24 : Dvn-'^B-'^K mn^-iinD
then went inside the Tent of Meeting. When
-riK n5mn-'7y ^b:î<p^^ nhri^ 'jQ'^n
they came out, they blessed the people; and the
Presence of the Lord appeared to all the people.
24Fire came forth from before the Lord and :ur['>:iB-bu ^bB'>^ in^T
consumed the burnt offering and the fat parts
on the altar. And all the people saw, and
shouted, and fell on their faces.
10 Now Aaron's sons Nadab and Abihu

each took his fire pan, put fire in it, and laid
incense on it; and they offered before the Lord

which He had not enjoined upon
alien fire,
np-' •'jQ^p VJK K2<ni 2 : DriK my i<b
them. 2And fire came forth from the Lord and
"ink='i 3 : nini •'jq'? inpî nniK b2i<n'\
consumed them; thus they died "at the instance
of" the Lord. -^Then Moses said to Aaron, "This
I mn^ -ii"i"iu;K Kin pnK"'7K nu;b
is what the Lord meant when He said:
Through those near to Me show Myself holy, I
And gain glory before all the people."
And Aaron was silent.

'•Moses called Mishael and Elzaphan, sons of
Uzziel the uncle of Aaron, and said to them,

*in-)p dh'^k ^^r2i<^^ pHK ii '^k-'TV ''n
"Come forward and carry your kinsmen away
from the front of the sanctuary to a place outside
the camp." ^They came forward and carried
them out of the camp by their tunics, as Moses .r[\u')2 "13T "1U/N3 njri)?^ yinn-b'K
l< Thii word moved up from v. 21 for cUinty.
a-a Others "before."
226
"
TORAH LEVITICUS 10.15 shemini •'j''nu/ > i<.'^p^>^ n-nn
had ordered. Ând Moses said to Aaron and to
his sons Eleazar and Ithamar, "Do not ^bare

your heads'' and do not rend your clothes, lest
bv"] in)pn Kb) m-i^n-iib ni^nni
you die and anger strike the whole community.
bk'ip^ rT'5-'73 DD^riK"! c^'yp^ n'jvri-b^
But your kinsmen, all the house of Israel, shall
:mn^ tqntp nu/x na-i.ti/n-riK lan")
bewail the burning that the Lord has wrought.
TAnd so do not go outside the entrance of the in^ri-]Ei iK^n Kb ivm briKun^m 7
Tent of Meeting, lest you die, for the Lord's

anointing oil is upon you." And they did as Q :nu;b nn"|3
Moses had bidden. ]''19 :i?pK'7 pnK-'7K nin-' "inTi.s
8And the Lord spoke to Aaron, saying: qjiK ^'jni I nriK 1 nu;ri-'7K idu/t
9Drink no wine or other intoxicant, you or your
np.n inpn Kb) ivDd '7n'K-'7K D^K'nin
sons, when you enter the Tent of Meeting, that
U7ni?rT ]'';i bi-i:ir[b) 10 : n^-'n'-in^ n^'ply
you may not die. This is a law for all time
throughout the ages, lofor you must distinguish
:-ilnuri ]^;^^ Kpun i^ni Vnn ]^ni
-73 riN '^Klt^:' 'J^-riK nnln"?! n

between the sacred and the profane, and be-
tween the unclean and the clean; 1
1 and you must
teach the Israelites all the laws which the Lord Q : n\i7')3
has imparted to them through Moses.
'2Moses spoke to Aaron and to his remaining

-riK inp bnnl^n '^vn \ 'M2n^k-bK)
sons, Eleazar and Ithamar: Take the meal
m^DKi nin"' ^\^kt2 n-ini^n nm)3n
offering that is left over from the Lord's
offerings by fire and eat it unleavened beside the
: K^r\ uwi^\p \ijip^ ""s n;amn '7yK niyjp
altar, for it is most holy. '^You shall eat it in the
sacred precinct, inasmuch as it is your due, and : ^rriiy ip-ia mn"' '>\^k'd K^r^ ^^'h-pn'i
that of your children, from the Lord's offerings njpnnn p)vj 1 riKi nQijnn nrn nxi h
by fire; for so I have been commanded. i^But ^"nnT ^''jnT nriK ninu nipnî i'7pKn
the breast of elevation offering and the thigh
'ni-m linj '^'b-pni 'jipn""'3 "qriK
of gift offering you, and your sons and daugh-
ntnT njpnrin pit:; 15 : bKyu'> ^n ''pbp
ters with you, may eat in any clean place, for
rj-'jn'p iK''i^ b''3^nri 'Ie^k bv na^jjjin
they have been assigned as a due to you and
your children from the Israelites' sacrifices of '^riK "T'j:?^^ "^^ n^ni mn^ ^)pb naijri
well-being, isxogether with the fat of fire :mn-' my n\:;K3 n'7lv-pn'7
offering, they must present the thigh of gift
offering and the breast of elevation offering,
which are to be elevated as an elevation offering

before the Lord, and which are to be your due
and that of your children with you for all
time — as the Lord has commanded.
b-b Or "dishevel your hair.
227
TORAH LEVITICUS 10.16 shemini •'j-'nu/ • Kip""! n-nn
'f'Then Moses inquired about the goat of sin nu/b \uyi *u;'Ti nKUfin "i''Vt^ i
riKi if'
offering, and it had already been burned! He was

angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron's re-
maining sons, and said, '""Why did you not eat

nKUfirrriK nn^DK-k"? yi^)p 17
the sin offering in the sacred area? For it is most

Kin u^\pi[P u;i|7 ""B u/npn Dippn
holy, and He has given it to you to remove the
guilt of the community and to make expiation
nivn I'lVTiN riKiy^ wiib ]nj 1 nn'Ki
for them before the Lord. '^Since its blood was Knin-K'? ]ri '« .-
mn-" 'jd'? uri^by iB^b
not brought inside the sanctuary,' you should '713K r[ri'>;iB vj'i^ri-bK nm-JiK
certainly have eaten it in the sanctuary, as I com- :-'ri''iY "iu^K3 u/iiPî nn'K I'ppK'n
manded." 'Ând Aaron spoke to Moses, "See, ^:l^>^^\?rl nv'n]T\ nu/b-'?^ prrx -î'V) ly
this day they brought their sin offering and their

mn"" "'Jd'? bnVy-riKi nnKun-riK
burnt offering before the Lord, and such things
riKun ""ri^pK"! r[bi<s-2 tik n^Kipni
have befallen me! Had I eaten sin offering today,
uyj'ri ypu;"! 20 : nrn'' ""ryin ny^n Di^n
would the Lord have approved?" 20And when
3 :vr:j:i nu-""!
Moses heard this, he approved.
11 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, K''

saying to them: -Speak to the Israelite people bK'W'', ''n-bi<, ninî i'J2k'7
-î)^^
thus:
These are the creatures that you may eat from

n)pri:nrT-'73n i'73K'n "i\^k n^nn nxT
among all the land animals: âny animal that
nD~)3 riDn.Qjp i b':^^ :y"iKn-'7V "iu;k
has true hoofs, with clefts through the hoofs,
and that chews" the cud —such you may eat.

nprrnii n-iî T^bvr2 nuna vviij nvx?'\u^
^The following, however, of those that either i'7DKri i<b TirnK T)K-t :i'73Kn nn'K
chew the cud or have true hoofs, you shall not -riK npiQn -"DnDipnT r{^^r[ '^"^ynp
eat: the camel — although it chews the cud, it has iJi^K nD"!3T Kin nnA n'pyn-'s bmri
no true hoofs: it is unclean for you; ^the ]Dii7n-nKi5 :n3^ Kin Kpy DnQ?p
daman —although it chews the cud, it has no
ona;' k^ npnsi Kin n-]y n'pyp-'a
true hoofs: it is unclean for you; ^the hare
-'3 nnnKn-nK"if :DD^ Kin kjgu
although it chews the cud, it has no true hoofs:
it is unclean for you; ''and the swine
npnan i<b npiQi Kin hij n'^yn
-^3 n-iTrin-nKi- :D3^ Kin nK)pu
ahhough it has true hoofs, with the hoofs cleft
through, it does not chew the cud: it is unclean npi3 vpu; vv\Ij^ Kin npn? onsD
for you. **You shall not eat of their flesh or touch :D3^ Kin Knu iA"'-k'7 nnj Kim
their carcasses; they are unclean for you. lyan k"? Dn^3J3i i'73Kn k'? DiU/nn
'^These you may eat of all that live in water:
:D3'7 Dn •'KnU
anything in water, whether in the seas or in the
^3 wt3:i lu/K '73D i'73kn nr-nK^
c As is done in ihc cmc of the moit wlemn offfrings; see 4.^-21;
16.11-17.
nwib tm -um um-3 v b^n K'-n naK
a Lit. "briiigi up.
228
TORAH LEVITICUS 11.27 shemini Tnu; K'' K"lp"'T n-nn
streams, that has fins and scales —these you may

eat. lOBut anything in the seas or in the streams "iu;k "'^D") 10 :i'7pKn DHK ''7mnT
that has no fins and scales, among all the swarm-
ing things of the water and among all the other
ninn \:7DJ h'^m umri yiW '^^^
living creatures that are in the water —they are
vrj'' yi7U7"i 11 •.u'jb an 'm nu;K
y^pyj
an abomination for you iând an abomination
for you they shall remain: you shall not eat of
their flesh and you shall abominate their car- T'SJO i^TK nu7K '7"3i2 :iyi7\z;n
casses. i2Everything in water that has no fins and :U2b i<,^^[ yjû; 0^)25 niu\^,\up^
scales shall be an abomination for you. i'7DXT Kb iqii;ri-]jp lypu/n n^K-nxi 13
i^The following^ you shall abominate among nxi D-iarrnKi Su/^n-riK an yjû;
the birds —they shall not be eaten, they are an
n^'Kn-nKi HK^n-nKi 14 : n^JTvn
abomination: the eagle, the vulture, and the
hxTie -A^mb nnvâ riKis tnrp^
black vulture; i ^the kite, falcons of every variety;
cinii/n-nKT D)pnnrT-nK") njy^'n nn
i5all varieties of raven; '^the ostrich, the night-
hawk, the sea gull; hawks of every variety; I'the
-riKT Dlan-riKi 1' :^nr)3'7 yan-riK")
little owl, the cormorant, and the great owl; nwu/jjirr-riKi 18 : r|:iu;pn-nKT "^b^^n
i^the white owl, the pelican, and the bustard; nK"ii9 :Dnnn-nKi riKirri-nxi
i^the stork; herons of everv^ variety; the hoopoe, nQ"'pTin-nKi nr^^"? najxri ni"'pnn
and the bat.
20A11 winged swarming things that walk on

fours shall be an abomination for you. 21 But
these you may eat among all the winged swarm-
i'7Dkri nrriK "qK2i d :D3^ wn
-^\UK yn"iK-'7V "q^nn qiyn y"iu;^'73?p
ing things that walk on fours: all that have, above
their feet, jointed legs to leap with on the ]rTii ^r)}b T'^n'7 b'VTPp b^y-jD 1^ Kb
ground — 22of these you may eat the following:^ ^b'2i<^\ bri)? n^K-nK22 :i/-iKrT-'7V
locusts of every variety; all varieties of bald lo- ^"nprib ay'^pn-riKT irp"? niiiKi7"riK
cust; crickets of every variety; and all varieties
nAnri-riKi ^nrn"? '7nnri-nK'i
of grasshopper. 23But all other winged swarm-
ing things that have four legs shall be an abom-
ination for you.
'.w^b Kin YW °"'I?^"l î?")^
Dn^nîi VAiin-Vs ^K)2uri n'pK^T24
24And the following shall make you un-
clean —whoever touches their carcasses shall be anb'nap Ku;'iiri-'73i 25 :n-iyri-iv Kpu""
unclean until evening, 25and whoever carries

-'73'7 26 :n"iyn-"TV KpUT V1^3. Dn?^
the carcasses of any of them shall wash his I ypU7T nons noiDn Kin iu/k nm^n
clothes and be unclean until evening— 26every n''K)?u n^y)3 narK niAi nvv\u n^:"'^
animal that has true hoofs but without clefts
I ^31 27 : Kpu"' anil v;i3ri-'73 d3^ nn
through the hoofs, or that does not chew the
-b:; n^bnri n^nri-b^:! vi^^-bv "qVln
cud. They are unclean for you; whoever touches
them shall be unclean. 27Also all animals that
b A number of these cannot be identified with certainty.
229
TORAH LEVITICUS 11.27 shemini 'j-'KJU; K-- K"1P"'T min
walk on paws, among those that walk on fours,
are unclean for you; whoever touches their car- kt^jnvH :n-iyn-iv kwu"" nn'pan
casses shall be unclean until evening. -"Ând n"iyn-"rv kdut rin d^?'' nn'pnrnK
anyone who carries their carcasses shall wash
his clothes and remain unclean until evening.
-bv ynWn ynii^n i<.r2]Dri dd^ nn29
They are unclean for you.
you
:inj"'p'7 nyrn "iiiDvni i^nn yiNn
-'^The following'' shall be unclean for
from among the things that swarm on the earth: unnm nKU^ni nam ni7JKrTi3o
the mole, the mouse, and great lizards of every -b'^'2 D3^ D^Kpun n'7K-'i :n)2u;jnrn
variet)'; -^"the gecko, the land crocodile, the liz- Knu^ nnnn nnn vnri-b-2 yiW'^
ard, the sand lizard, and the chameleon. ^ 'Those
are for you the unclean among all the swarming nnbn
-IK ^;^n iK \v-'>h2-b3T2 kdu""
things; whoever touches them when they are
HDK^n nu;y:'-nu7K •''73"'73 pib Ik nly
dead shall be unclean until evening. -'-And any-
:-inun n-iyn-iy kdut KnT" d^ts? nnn
thing on which one of them falls when dead
shall be unclean: be it any article of wood, or
-'7K DHQ ^Q'^nU/K U;nn"''73-'731 -'-'
a cloth, or a skin, or a sack —any such article in'K"! Kuu^ I3ln3 "lU/K Va pin
that can be put to use shall be dipped in water, 1\i;K "^DK^ "lU^K '73krT'73)p 34 :n'3U/n
and it shall remain unclean until evening; then -lU/K hi7U7)?-'73') KpV D"")? vb^J Kln^
it shall be clean. -'''And if any of those falls into
'73"'-|U7K '7"3f 35 : KnU"" '^3-'733 nri\i7^
an earthen vessel, everything inside it shall be
yn" "'T31 -njn"K)pu''~T'^v i nnVn^D
unclean and [the vessel] itself you shall break.
T1K3(^ :n3^ Vn^ D^K^pT Djl D^KDU
-"'-'As to any food that may be eaten, it shall be-
came
vj}) -ilriu njp-; um-n^pn -ilm pyp
come unclean if it in contact with water;'
as to any liquid that may be drunk, it shall nn^33)3 Vqt '3'! 37 :KpuT Dn'pnj3
become unclean if it was inside any vessel.'' : Kin ilnu yn-p iu;k vnr virb^-bv
^5Everything on which the carcass of any of unb:im b^}^ vi^'by hm-]n-' '3T38
them falls shall be unclean: an oven or stove shall D :a3^ Kin Kpu vbv
be smashed. They are unclean and unclean they
n^b K^rrnu/K nnn3rT-]D mn^ '3T ^'^
shall remain for you. 3f>However, a spring or cis-

: nnyn-ny k^v nn^3J3 yi'^rr n'73K'7
tern in which water is collected shall be clean,
KpUT VlAB D33"' nn^33?3 'b3KrT"l 40
but whoever touches such a carcass in it shall
be unclean. '''If such a carcass falls upon seed 033;" nn^3rnK KU/'^rn n-ii/n-iy
grain that is to be sown, it is clean; ^sbut if water
is put on the seed and any part of a carcass falls
upon it, it shall be unclean for you.

'''If an animal that you may eat has died, any-
one who touches its carcass shall be unclean un-
til evening; -"'anyone who eats of its carcass shall

wash his clothes and remain unclean until
f I.e.. if the food then ciimc inconlticl Willi iheiiinaiiofunyiiiiimat

named in w. 29-.W.
d I.e., II vessel that had become contaminated by iuch contact.
230
TORAH LEVITICUS 12.5 tazria' yntn n-- Knp"'! min
evening; and anyone who carries its carcass yj7\z; y"!Kn-'7V yiii/n yniirn-'^Di 41
shall wash his clothes and remain unclean until *]1nr'7V ^'7'in ""â 42 :h;iK^, Kb wn
evening.
n5-i)p-'73 IV v±'iK-bv q'în 1 Vdt
41A1I the things that swarm upon the earth are
i(b ynxri"'?!? piirn Y^W'^'b:2b wbr\
an abomination; they shall not be eaten. 42You
shall not eat, among all things that swarm upon
\:{^\ur\-bK4i :nri Vjû;"^? m^pKh
the earth, anything that crawls on its belly, or
i<b^ yi\i7n y-iî^n-b'Dn dD^nwsrriK
anything that walks on fours, or anything that pK "'3 44 :Dii *nn)3p:i nri3 iK?2uri
has many legs; for they are an abomination. nn^n-i briu;ij7Jirn bD-'ri'pK '^mn'i
'i^You shall not draw abomination upon your- -riK w)3un i<b^ -"jk u/iii? 'b D"'U^'"tp
selves through anything that swarms; you shall
-bv u/pnn y"i\i7ri-'7D3 nD^nWQj
not make yourselves unclean therewith and
b^riK nbvi^ri nin^ 'px 1
^3 45 :
"f
-ikh
thus become unclean. 44For I the Lord am your
D-'n'7K'7 03^ n->r\b nnY>D y-iK)?
God: you shall sanctify yourselves and be holy,
for I am holy. You shall not make yourselves

:ijK u;ni7 '3 "'U/ip nn^ni
unclean through any swarming thing that \up: ^b':i^ tqiyrn nTpnnn nnin nxT 46
moves upon the earth, ^spor I the Lord am He \:73r'73'7T D^)33 riu/phn n^nn
who brought you up from the land of Egypt to ]"'3 b-^'i'Arib 4' -.yi.K'n-bvnynWn
be your God: you shall be holy, for I am holy. n'73K3n n^nn y:i^ inun y2^ Kpun
46These are the instructions concerning an-
3 : ^73X0 Kb ~)\IJK H^nn p31
imals, birds, all living creatures that move in
water, and all creatures that swarm on earth,
47for distinguishing between the unclean and

the clean, between the living things that may
be eaten and the living things that may not be
eaten.
-1
^ TAZRIA'
A^^ The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: :i)pK^ npn-bK mnT nniî mJi
2Speak to the Israelite people thus: When a "snwK "ir^Kb ^bK']\u^ ^.^^~bK n|"i2
woman at childbirth" bears a male, she shall be
ynm
uî nv3U7 nKpui "i3t nlb'>^
unclean seven days; she shall be unclean as at
the time of her menstrual infirmity. — Ôn the

eighth day the flesh of his foreskin shall be
hv D''U/''7\^T4 :1ri^1i7 nt^3 '7l)3"'
circumcised. — 4She shall remain in a state of

-'733 nyiv ^p"i3 3U7n D^jpT n\ub\Ij^
blood purification'' for thirty-three days: she x'3n iib ^vj^^pi^ri-bK) vin-iib u/ip
shall not touch any consecrated thing, nor enter i^^n n3i7rnKT 5 : nnny ''p-' nk^p-nv
the sanctuary until her period of purification is
mTiwa n-nnn ':;n x-in miDnn .'nn ^^ v. 42.
completed, sif she bears a female, she shall be
K -ion V. 43.
a Heb. tazria', lit. "brings forth seed."

231
TORAH LEVITICUS 12.5 tazria vnin n-- N~lp"'T nmn
unclean two weeks as during her menstruation, hv u'>\lj\Ij^ nniJ3 d''V?^ nKpuT
and she shall remain in a state of blood
purification'' for sixty-six days.
<Ôn the completion of her period of puri-
fication, for either son or daughter, she shall

ii;i?3-'7ri'K nn|i-'7K riNunb -innx
bring to the priest, at the entrance of the Tent
lamb year for a burnt
-iQDT mn^ "'jq'? innpnv :]n'3n-'7K
of Meeting, a in its first
offering, and a pigeon or a turtledove for a sin

hnln riKT n^pT "i'p?3)3 ninuT n^^y
offering.' ^He shall offer it before the Lord and
make expiation on her behalf; she shall then be
clean from her flow of blood. Such are the rituals iriKT rib'vb inK niv •'js '>:p ik
concerning her who bears a child, male or fe-
Q : n-^nv) ]n'3rT n''57y "iqdt riKun^
male. **If, however, her means do not suffice for
a sheep, she shall take two turtledoves or two
pigeons, one for a burnt offering and the other
for a sin offering. The priest shall make expia-
tion on her behalf, and she shall be clean.
:\''
13 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron,
saying:
-When a person has on the skin of his body -1K riKU; ntf/n-iiyn n^rf-'s dik^
a swelling, a rash, or a discoloration, and it de-
v:^:b nti/B-Tii;:; nnsp
n-'m nnnn ik
velops into a scaly affection on the skin of his
-'7K Ik inan pnK-'7K kiiht nyny
body, it shall be reported" to Aaron the priest
-riK inan hk-ji 3 'jnbn vjnn iriK
:
or to one of his sons, the priests. ^The priest shall
examine the affection on the skin of his body: I

"ipn Vih nywi lu/nn-nlyn vijn
if hair in the affected patch has turned white and Vij inu/n niyn p'ny u^ri hki^t ]^b
the affection appears to be deeper than the skin :lriK K?3UT insn ^rî<.r\ Kin nyiY
of his body, it is a leprous affection;'' when the ntz;3 niyii Kin unb nnnn-DKi-t
priest sees it, he shall pronounce him unclean. ilyn-p nK-i)p-]^K pnyi
-i<b ^[^^v\u^
•'But if it is a white discoloration on the skin of
nvnu; VA^n-nK ]n'3n "iÂpm ]n^ -iDn
his body which does not appear to be deeper
nj;nV'"'V"';iii'n 01=15 ]n'3n inK-ji ? :
Dîp^
than the skin and the hair in it has not turned
white, the priest shall isolate the affected person

ilyn v^n nwa-K*? vrv^ i)?y VA|ri
for seven days. SQn the seventh day the priest iri'iju; Dîn^ nvû; ]n'3n i~i"'iDm
shall examine him, and if the affection has re-
mained unchanged in color and the disease has
c See note at 4.3.

"
,1 Or "he shall be brought.
Hfb. sara'ath is used for a variety of diseases. Where a human
hang is declared unclean by reason o/âra'ath, the traditwnal
translation "leprosy" has been retained without regard to modern
medical terminology.
TORAH LEVITICUS 13.20 tazria' y-iTn ^> K~lp"'T n-nn
not spread on the skin, the priest shall isolate "n-'ju; ^V=i^n uv:i in'K ]rT3n nKni e
him for another seven days. Ôn the seventh day ily^ VAjn nu/rj-K"?"! i;3i|n nn? n^n")
the priest shall examine him again: if the
affection has faded and has not spread on the

nriQpâri nu/sn nti/Q-nxv nnui
skin, the priest shall pronounce him clean. It
in-inui^ ]ri3ri-'7K in'Knn nnx niya
is a rash; he shall wash his clothes, and he shall
insn nK-iTf^ :]ri3n-'7K n\Jiy nKnji
be clean. ''But if the rash should spread on the
skin after he has presented himself to the priest
and been pronounced clean, he shall present 3 :Kin nvnY ]ri'2n
himself again to the priest. Ând if the priest sees Knini U1K2. n'>r\n \3 nvi:^ vaj9
that the rash has spread on the skin, the priest -nxu; mrn ]n3n hk")! 10 :]ri3ri-'7K
shall pronounce him unclean; it is leprosy.
ninipT ]'2b -lyu; n^^n K-'ni -ilyn nn"?
^When a person has a scaly affection, it shall
kin njU7lJ nvi:^" :-nKU73 ^n nt^n
be reported^ to the priest, loif the priest finds
"-s ^^n^'o^^ i<b ]rt3n IxjauT l-itf/s nlvii
on the skin a white swelling which has turned
some hair white, with â patch of undiscolored nvii^n nnsn nlis-DKl 1- : Kin Kpu
flesh -'^ in the swelling, nit is chronic leprosy on
the skin of his body, and the priest shall pro-
nounce him unclean; he need not isolate him, nnpp nim ]n3rT nK"jii3 :irT'3ri
for he is unclean, i^lf the eruption spreads out y^jn-riK inui inu73-'73-nK nyn^n
over the skin so that it covers all the skin of the
DlbTH :Kin "ilnu ]'2.b "qpn 1^3
affected person from head to foot, wherever the
— ]n3n HKni 15 : KTpp^ 'n ~itf73 13 nlK-in
priest can see iîf the priest sees that the erup-
tion has covered the whole body —he shall pro-

Kpy '.nn "it^3rT lK?3pi ""nn "it^nn-nx
nounce the affected person clean; he is clean, -itf73rT :iWi \3 Ik 1^ :Kin nvny wn
for he has turned all white. i^But as soon as un- :]n3n-'7K K3T ]3^^ "^Qmi 'nn
discolored flesh appears in it, he shall be un- in"?"? v^n ^3nj mni ]n3n ink-ii 17
clean; iSwhen the priest sees the undiscolored Q : K^^ -ilnu y^|n-nK ]n'3rT inpi
flesh, he shall pronounce him unclean. The un-
: K31J1 ]''np iiyTl? JÎ^"""^? "i^?^ ^^
discolored flesh is unclean; it is leprosy. i6But

Ik nhb n^p ^pnii/n Dii7p3 n^m 19
if the undiscolored flesh again turns white, he

: ]ri3ri-'7K HKiJi nw^TpiK m3^ nnn?
shall come to the priest, iând the priest shall
examine him: if the affection has turned white,

-]?p bpvj nK"i)3 mm ]ri3ri nK-jpo
the priest shall pronounce the affected person
clean; he is clean.
iswhen an inflammation appears on the skin

of one's body and it heals, iând a white swelling
or a white discoloration streaked with red de-
velops where the inflammation was, he shall
present himself to the priest. -Ojf the priest finds
c See Mofe a or 13.2.

d-d Others "quick raw flesh."
233
TORAH LEVITICUS 13.20 tazria' yiTn J'' K~lp"'T rnin
that it appears lower than the rest of the skin

and that the hair in it has turned white, the priest I DKVi :!T7"13 pnW^ Kin nVj^'VJiJ
shall pronounce him unclean; it is a leprous
]'2b lyu; nn-]"'K mm ]fi:iri mK-i"'
affection that has broken out in the inflam-
nn? K-'m niyrrin n^rK nb^m
mation. -'But if the priest finds that there is no
-nKV2 iD^pi nynu; ]Ti2n i"!"'apm
white hair in it and it is not lower than the rest
VAJ in'K insn KpuT ilvn nu/sn riiuB
of the skin, and it is faded, the priest shall isolate
him for seven days. --If it should spread in the i<b niniin ibyn n^nnn-DKi 23 : Kin
skin, the priest shall pronounce him unclean; linuT Kin ]"'nwn nnny nn\z;D
it is an affection. --"^But if the discoloration re-
mains stationary, not having spread, it is the scar u/KTipp inyn mm-is -iu;n 1x24
of the inflammation; the priest shall pronounce
niiib nnnn np?3n irinn nrrim
him clean.
]ri:2'ri nn'K hk-j") 23 : nnb Ik nninnK
-•When the skin of one's body sustains a burn
by fire, and the patch from the burn is a dis-
^Tikim n-inii5 ]'2h nytz; ^"qQnj mm
coloration, either white streaked with red, or
nnis mp?3ii Kin nyi^ "livn-iD pay
white, -5the priest shall examine it. If some hair :Kin nv"i^ vaj ]n3ri iriK Kjaui
has turned white in the discoloration, which it- n'in33-]"'K mn"! inan mK-i^ 1 dki 26
self appears to go deeper than the skin, it is lep- Kim ilyn-in mj^K nb^MJ^ ]'h.b -lyw
rosy that has broken out in the burn. The priest in^ôm nriD
.umi nv:i\ij ]n3ri
shall pronounce him unclean; it is a leprous
nu;5-DK 'vntz^n l''^ ]ri:2r[ inKi'i 27
affection. -^But if the priest finds that there is
nvi^ y^J iri"K in'sn k)3ui -iiyn nt^sn
no white hair in the discoloration, and that it
is not lower than the rest of the skin, and it is

nnnnn "rnyn "rrinnn-nKi 28 -.i^^-]:!
faded, the priest shall isolate him for seven days. riKt^ nriD Kini hiyn nn\:;D-k'7
-"On the seventh day the priest shall examine

him: if it has spread in the skin, the priest shall Q :Kin mpDH
pronounce him unclean; it is a leprous affection. u;k'-i3 yjij In m.rT'-"'3 nwi<. Ik \u^k) 29
2«But if the discoloration has remained station-

mm yA^n-riK ]n3rT nk-y] 30 : -[j^n Ik
ary, not having spread on the skin, and it is
pi nn^ nyiy ini niyn-])? pbv ^r[k^^^2
faded, it is the swelling from the burn. The priest
shall pronounce him clean, for it is the scar of
MJi<yi nyny Kin pm ^nan in'K k)3U1
the burn.
-riK \ri2ri nky^'D)^^ :Kin iprn ik
-''If a man or a woman has an affection on -]T2 p'nv inK-in-i^K mni pnin yij
the head or in the beard, -^"the priest shall ex- ]n'3n 'T'AprTi is i'ik inu; nyiyi "liyn
amine the affection. If it appears to go deeper
than the skin and there is thin yellow hair in
it, the priest shall pronounce him unclean; it is
a scall, a scaly eruption in the hair or beard. -^' But

if the priest finds that the scall affection does
not appear to go deeper than the skin, yet there
234
TORAH LEVITICUS 13.44 tazria' ynm p K"lp''T n-nn
is no black hair in it, the priest shall isolate the nK"ii32 :u'>)2i nynu; pnin v^rriK
person with the scall affection for seven days. mni """Vî^n Dl^n y^^n-riK ]n'3ri
320n the seventh day the priest shall examine nn^ ^^vp in n^n-k'?') pn^n ntf/Q-k'?
the affection. If the scall has not spread and no
:niyri-i)p pt2^ i^k pniin nKnni
yellow hair has appeared in it, and the scall does
nbv i<b pnin-riKi *nÂnm33
not appear to go deeper than the skin, ^^the per-
son with the scall shall shave himself, but with-
umi nvnu; pnjn-riK ]ri:2r[ ~i"'Apm
out shaving the scall; the priest shall isolate him uv:i pnJn-riK insn "hk-i") 34 : n-ijiz;
for another seven days. -^Ôn the seventh day -ilyn pn^n nu/D-k'? mnf ^v^'^wn
the priest shall examine the scall. If the scall has in'K -inpi "ilyn-ip pny larx inx-ini
not spread on the skin, and does not appear to nu/3-DKi35 :nnui in^n onni insn
go deeper than the skin, the priest shall pro-
:lri-inu nnK -iiyn pn^n nu/s"'
nounce him clean; he shall wash his clothes, and
niyn pn|ri ntpQ mrn innn inkni 36
he shall be clean. 35if, however, the scall should
: if^^n KDU :iri^'n ^vv^b innn ni7.n:'-k^
spread on the skin after he has been pronounced
clean, 36the priest shall examine him. If the scall
i'n\i7 nytî pn^ri im "vrv^'D^Sl ^7
has spread on the skin, the priest need not look i"inui Kin "ilnu pnjn kq-ij in-n)?y
for yellow hair: he is unclean. 37But if the scaU c : innn

has remained unchanged in color, and black nnwn—ilyn n^n^-'B n\£rx-iK 'u;''ki 38
hair has grown in it, the scall is healed; he is

mrr") ]ri:2ri nx-ji 39 : rinb rinnn nnnn
clean. The priest shall pronounce him clean.
pri:! rinb nln? nnnn nnu/nmyn
38If a man or a woman has the skin of the body
D : Kin ninu nlyn nns mh
streaked with white discolorations, 39and the
"linu K^n nnp Wk'^ unip"' '3 U7''K"| 40
priest sees that the discolorations on the skin
of the body are of a dull white, it is a tetter broken WKI Un?3T V2B nxQp bK'141 :Kin
out on the skin; he is clean. n'^n;'"'3i42 :K^n ninu x^n nna

40If a man loses the hair of his head and be- D^niK ]^2b y^j nnnn hnnpn ik
comes bald, he is clean. 4 1 If he loses the hair :lnniin ii< inm.pn Kin hni'Q nyny
on the front part of his head and becomes bald
VAan-riKu; mni ]ri'3n in'K nKi']43
at the forehead, he is clean. 42But if a white
innn^n Ik inrn.pn njpiniK nn^
affection streaked with red appears on the bald
yny-\z;"'K44 :nu7ii nly nvny hk"))??
part in the front or at the back of the head, it
is a scaly eruption that is spreading over the bald

]rT3n i:iK?3U^ k53u Kin Kpu i<.^rl
part in the front or at the back of the head. 43The :lyAJ lu;k"i3
priest shall examine him: if the swollen affection
on the bald part in the front or at the back of
his head is white streaked with red, like the lep-
rosy of body skin in appearance, 44the man is
leprous; he is unclean. The priest shall pro-
nounce him unclean; he has the affection on

his head. D-'Vnva D-'noiJ •sb •'nm 'x v. 33.
235
TORAH LEVITICUS 13.45 tazria' ynrn j-" Kip"'! n-nn
45As for the person with a leprous affection,
his clothes shall be rent, his head shall be left
bare,'' and he shall cover over his upper lip; and

he shall call out, "Unclean! Unclean!" '*'^He shall
Y^n^n niy"" lis Kin kwu Kipu^ in y^jn
be unclean as long as the disease is on him. Being
D :1n\z;1n rf^nr^b
unclean, he shall dwell apart; his dwelling shall
be outside the camp.

inn nvi^ VAJ in n;;n^-^3 i>3rii47
''''When an eruptive affection occurs in a cloth Ik ^'nwn Ik !« : d-'jiu/b i^nn Ik nip:^
of wool or linen fabric, ''^în the warp or in the Ik myn Ik "ijp;^'?i dtiu/s"? nivn
woof of the linen or the wool, or in a skin or I
pIpT i^^^n n'jm49 niy nnK'7n-'7nn
in anything made of skin; •^'îf the affection in "nwn-iK nivn lk i^nn niniK Ik
the cloth or the skin, in the warp or the woof,
nv"i^ v^J "iiy-"''7n-'7nn ik nnyn-iK
or in any article of skin, is streaky green/or red,
]ri:2ri nK-iiso iinnn-nK nKnrn K^n
it is an eruptive affection. It shall be shown to
nv:i\ij yA^n-riK "i^^pm y^jn-riK
the priest; "^"and the priest, after examining the
lyinwn l^'n VAiirrriK nK"ii?i -.nmi
affection, shall isolate the affected article for
seven days. siQn the seventh day he shall ex- hn.vn-lK •'nwn-lK i^nn Vîrr ntf/D-'n
amine the affection: if the affection has spread ilyn nt^y^nu/K b':^^ nli/n Ik
in the cloth —whether in the warp or the woof, Kpu v>|n nnKpp nyi^ rr^Kb-nb
or in the skin, for whatever purpose the skin may I 'n\i7n-nK Ik n^nn-nK rjitpi ?^ : Kin
be used — the affection is a malignant eruption;
Ik D^riu;3n Ik nnyn nnyn-nK Ik
it is unclean. 5-The cloth — whether warp or v^ri in nin"'nu;K -iivn ''73-'73-nK
woof in wool or linen, or any of skin —
article in
:tqnti7n i:;Kn K^r\ n-iK?p)p nyi^""'?
which the affection is found, shall be burned,
for it is a malignant eruption; it shall be con- yîn nti7Q-K'7 nam innn hkh-'^dki 53
sumed in fire. ?-^But if the priest sees that the -'^3-'7nn Ik nnvn Ik ""nu/n Ik TAnn
affection in the cloth — whether warp or in in lnnu/K nK lunni innn ni^T?-t :~iii7
woof, or in any article of skin — has not spread, :n^2]u D"'p^-nynu; l~!"'^pn"i yji^n
S'lthe priest shall order the affected article
yAin-riK unnn 1 nriK innn nKiiss
washed, and he shall isolate it for another seven
v^ji) irvriK VAîn ^Qn-K'p n^rii
days. 55And if, after the affected article has been
washed, the priest sees that the affection has not
ijiplt^/n u;Kn t<,^r[ kdu nti/n-k'?
changed color and that it has not spread, it is

"dkt 56 : innnp Ik innnpn Kin nnn3
unclean. It shall be consumed in fire; it is a fret,i' onnn nnK v^ri nnnh^m'innn nKi
whether on its inner side or on its outer side. "ili;n-]n 1K iAnn-]n ijik v^_\?^ ihk
56But if the priest sees that the affected part, after -DKV" :n-i.yn-]n Ik "ny^n-p Ik
has been washed, faded, he shall tear out
it is it
Ik hivn-lK Tiwn-lK i:inn niv nkin
from the cloth or skin, whether in the warp or
in the woof; 57and if it occurs again in the
e See note at 10.6.
f Or 'yellow.
g Meaning of Heb. pehethcth unccriaw.
23t>
TORAH LEVITICUS 14.10 metsora' y-iyn -!•• Kip"'! min
cloth —whether in warp or in woof —or in any i3Q"it^n 1:7X21 Kin nnn3 "ili7-»^3-^3n
article of skin, it is a wild growth; the affected "ni^n-iK T^nmss :i7A|n innu/K nx
article shall be consumed in fire. -'''Îf, however,
the affection disappears from the cloth —warp nnui n^2\u d3di va^h Driu npi
or woof —or from any article of skin that has
Ik I njp^^n "rA3 nvi:^"V^J nnln nxf 59
been washed, it shall be washed again, and it
-73 Ik 3-iyn Ik 'Tiiz^n Ik D^nu/sn
shall be clean.
59Such is the procedure for eruptive affec- 2 rlKrau"? Ik nnu'? -iii;-''73
tions of cloth, woolen or linen, in warp or in
woof, or of any article of skin, for pronouncing

it clean or unclean.
-I A METSORA'
X jt The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: -This n'DK^ nu7>3-'7K mn^ ^ni^T T'
shall be the ritual for a leper at the time that ijiinu Dvi^ y"i"2^??jri nnin nirin riKT 2
he is to be cleansed.
y^np-'^K ]n3ri K^î 3 : ]n3ri-'7K Knini
When it has been reported" to the priest, ^the
priest shall go outside the camp. If the priest sees
-y^j KQ-ij mm ]n3rT nKni mnra"?
that the leper has been healed of his scaly

n^pb) insn niî ^ : ynyn-in nvni^ri
affection, -^the priest shall order two live clean
birds, cedar wood, crimson stuff, and hyssop to ]n3n m^yT3 :3'tkt nyîn -îm hk
be brought for him who is to be cleansed. sThe \:7"in-'^3-'7K nnKPi -lisyri-nK vn^j^
priest shall order one of the birds slaughtered np"" n^nn iQyn-nK^ :n"n a^??-"?!;
over fresh water in an earthen vessel; ând he nv'rinn ""JU/'nKi hkh fvnKi nn'K
shall take the live bird, along with the cedar
iSYH I riKT nnlK biv) n'TKn-riKi
wood, the crimson stuff, and the hyssop, and
nîan ^7:7 nun\Fn -isyh b~r3 n^nn
dip them together with the live bird in the blood
nv"i:^n-])3 nnyTan bv ntni " : n-'^'rirr
of the bird that was slaughtered over the fresh
water. ^He shall then sprinkle it seven times on n'QYn-nK nbp) innuT u^mB ynu;
him who is to be cleansed of the eruption and -inuKjn D331 8 : HWH ^^B'bv miin
cleanse him; and he shall set the live bird free yri'T] l"ii7U7-b'3-nK nÂT vmn-nK
in the open country. ^The one to be cleansed njn)3n-'7K Kin^ iriKi "inuT b^)33
shall wash his clothes, shave off all his hair, and mm 9 :D^)pT nynu; i^hk^ yinp nu/î
bathe in water; then he shall be clean. After that
-jiK iii7ti7-b'3-nK n^p ''V"'=i^lI Qi'?
he may enter the camp, but he must remain out-
-nKT i^hy n"3A hki upT-nKi 1u;k'"i
side his tent seven days. "Ôn the seventh day
he shall shave off all his hair —of head, beard,
yn"!"i vmn-JiK d33"i nVr nvtzz-'^s
and eyebrows. When he has shaved off all his ^2^)2\ijn i='m 10 nnui a^?33 iiu/3-nK
hair, he shall wash his clothes and bathe his body

in water; then he shall be clean. lOQn the eighth
a Cf. note a at 13.2.
237
TORAH LEVITICUS 14.10 metsora' viyn T" K~lp''1 n-nn
day he shall take two male lambs without blem-

ish, one ewe lamb in its first year without blem- D^ntyv r[\ijbvj^ ny2^nr\ nnju;-n3
ish, three-tenths of a measure of choice flour : ]nu; TpK ih^ inii^n n'7i'7n nnjn nb'v
with oil mixed in for a meal offering, and one
uz-'KH DK "inupn inbn "fîfni i •
log of oil. "These shall be presented before the

^n'K nna nin:" 'jd'? nriK) iri\3i3r[
Lord, with the man to be cleansed, at the en-
trance of the Tent of Meeting, by the priest who

performs the cleansing.
'2The priest shall take one of the male lambs Dn'K q^JHT ])pwn A'p'riKi du/k'? iriK
and offer it with the log oi oil as a guilt offering,

and he shall elevate them as an elevation offering -riKi nKunrrriK unu/"" n\i;K nlpps"
before the Lord. i^The lamb shall be slaugh-
u/KH JiKun? •'ij wi'i^n alppn rib'vn
tered at the spot in the sacred area where the
ni^^l 14 :Kin D"'u;"ii7 Wip ]n3^ Kin
sin offering and the burnt offering are
-bv ]n3n )n2^ "nu/Kn di)3 in'Drr
slaughtered.'' For the guilt offering, like the sin
most holy. '^The in'3-'7VT rr'jn^n "iny^n ]t'k -qijn

offering, goes to the priest; it is
priest shall take some of the blood of the guilt
offering, and the priest shall put it on the ridge ^ji'bv pî"] ])3\i;n ib}2 ]ri'Dri n\?b)i^
of the right ear of him who is being cleansed, -riK ]n3ri b;ivv^ : n-'b'Kntfrri inan
and on the thumb of his right hand, and on the
i33-'7V iit/K ]n\i7rT-])3 n^jjp-'n Ivsyk
big toe of his right foot. i5The priest shall then
lynYKB ]n\^rT-]n n-fm n^'7Knwn
take some of the log of oil and pour it into the
]n\i7ri "injni i' :
mnT 'jq'7 n"'ny3 vnu;
palm of his own left hand. 'Ând the priest shall
]iK '^^'!in-bv \Ti::)'r[ ]n^ 133-^V "i^><;
dip his right finger in the oil that is in the palm
of his left hand and sprinkle some of the oil with n-'in-'H n^ in'n-'^vi ri''J?pin "inunn
his finger seven times before the Lord. •''Some :t]\f7Kri wi bv n-'jn-'n \by\ \ri•2rbv^
of the oil left in his palm shall be put by the priest iri"" ]n3rT ^"^-bv i\^k ]niy3 ini:irn is
on the ridge of the right ear of the one being 'jq'7 \ri:i^ri vbv nsDT inujan wi<-^-bv
cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and
riKunn-riK însn nu/VT imn^
"I3DT 1^
on the big toe of his right foot —over the blood

of the guilt offering. '*^The rest of the oil in his
-riKi nVyn-riK '{ri'^r} r\bvm ô : nVvn
palm the priest shall put on the head of the one
being cleansed. Thus the priest shall make ex-
\'ri:ir} vbv iqdt nnniârr nnj)3n
piation for him before the Lord. '^The priest D :"inUT
shall then offer the sin offering and make ex-
piation for the one being cleansed of his un-
cleanness. Last, the burnt offering shall be

slaughtered, ôgnd the priest shall offer the
burnt offeringand the meal offering on the altar,

and the priest shall make expiation for him.
Then he shall be clean.
b See 1.11:4.24.
238
TORAH LEVITICUS 14.32 metsora' viyw i-> K'^p1^ min
2ilf, however, he is poor and his means are np^f ri>t£7)3 ~n^ i^kt kih b?"i-aK') 21
insufficient, he shall take one male lamb for a vbv 133^ nQijn'p DUJK "rnx ti/na
guilt offering, to be elevated in expiation for
nn^p^ ]n\Fn b^b-^ nnx nVo inti/y'i
him, one-tenth of a measure of choice flour with
njl^ in '-<^\u 1K nn'n ^nm 22 jnu; -.
:)[ /-i
oil mixed in for a meal offering, and a /ogof oU;
22and two turtledoves or two pigeons, depend-

ing on his means, the one to be the sin offering
ipWri Di^n njiK K''nrii23 :nVv
and the other the burnt offering. 230n the eighth -ii;l)3-'7ri'K nriQ-'^K ]rT3ri-'7K innnu^
day of his cleansing he shall bring them to the ti/na-riK ijian ni7^')24 -.rirn-' ^^pb
priest at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, ]Ti2ri DJiK r|iini ])3\i7ri a^tikt du/kpt
before the Lord. 24The priest shall take the lamb r[y[i ija^ T\^^m
u/na-riK unu/i 25 :
of guilt offering and the log of oil, and elevate

them as an elevation offering before the Lord.
]n:n-'7yi rrijip^n -irit))3rT-]fK 'îJrT'7V
25When the lamb of guilt offering has been
slaughtered, the priest shall take some of the
:n"'j)p^ri l^n ]n'n-^vi ri-'in-'n It
iri3n ^ji-bv p'y-' ]n\i7rT-])pi 26
blood of the guilt offering and put it on the ridge ]ii:2r[
of the right ear of the one being cleansed, on ii/n^Kn ]ri'3ri n;Tni27 :n-''7K?pti7ri
the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe l33-'7y -iu;k ])3\i7n-])p ri"'i)p''rT
of his right foot. 26The priest shall then pour

some of the oil into the palm of his own left
^B^-bv "lU/K I ]^\irn-])3 ]ri3n ]nJi28
hand, 27and with the finger of his right hand the
]n'ii-'7Vl rfjjp^rr "inujan ]tk 'îjri-'7V
priest shall sprinkle some of the oil that is in
the palm of his left hand seven times before the

Lord. 28Some of the oil in his palm shall be put l)3U7rT-])p nnijinvy :au7Kn ui nipp
by the priest on the ridge of the right ear of the iriip)3n \uKybv ]n-> ]ri'2ri qs-'?!? hu/K
one being cleansed, on the thumb of his right -riK nu7i7T3o :mnT 'JQ^ vbv -)^:?b
hand, and on the big toe of his right foot, over njl^n 'J^'iP iK nn.nn-]p "rriKii
the same places as the blood of the guilt offering;
IT ptii/ri-ni^K nK3i :1t Pii/n nu/Kn
29and what is left of the oil in his palm the priest
-b^ nbu nnKn-nKT riKun nnKn-riK
shall put on the head of the one being cleansed,
'JD^ nnu?3ri bv \n2r1 niDT nnjân
to make expiation for him before the Lord.
30He shall then offer one of the turtledoves or
nv^^ v;j in—iu;k nnin nxT 32 : nyi-;
pigeons, depending on his means — -î^hich-
ever he can afford —the one as a sin offering
and the other as a burnt offering, together

with the meal offering. Thus the priest shall
make expiation before the Lord for the one
being cleansed. 32Such is the ritual for him who
has a scaly affection and whose means for his
cleansing are limited.
239
TORAH LEVITICUS 14.33 metsora' viyn -[•'
K1p''^ min
33The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron,

saying:
34When you enter the land of Canaan that I
give you as a possession, and I inflict an eruptive

plague upon a house in the land you possess,
n'>in I'pnu/K xniss :D3nTnK yiK
^Hhe owner of the house shall come and tell the
"Something like a plague has ap-

: n-inn ''?
hkij y>b inKb \ri2b T»^r\)
priest, saying,
peared upon my house." 36The priest shall order

the house cleared before the priest enters to ex-
-73 i<.'i2\p^ i<b) vAln-riK niK-1'7 ]n3ri
amine the plague, so that nothing in the house nlK-1'7 ]ri:ir[ K'n^ ]3 inKT n^n? -iu/k
may become unclean; after that the priest shall mni viin-riK nK-ii37 rn^sn-riK
enter to examine the house. -^"If, when he ex-
v^^[
ripipi"" n'-inyi7W nîiri n'T'pii
amines the plague, the plague in the walls of the
:T'i7n-[n "75^ in^Knni n')3"iniK Ik
house is found to consist of greenish"^ or reddish
ri^nn nna-'^K n^3n-]?p ]n'3n Kyî38
streaks'' that appear to go deep into the wall,
38the priest shall come out of the house to the

:i\u) 39 : w'Di nv3U7 n^nn-riN ~i"'Apni
entrance of the house, and close up the house nws njini hkii "'V^'nif^n uv^ ]n'3n
for seven days. ^Ôn the seventh day the priest ly^ni ]n3n n^v"! ^° : ^"I^T^ ^TP^ ^^^
shall return. If he sees that the plague has spread ^2^b\l;r^^ v^ri inn -^\^K D"'33Kn-nK
on the walls of the house, -ôthe priest shall order :Knu aipn-'7K Tii;^ yin)3-'7K înnK
the stones with the plague in them to be pulled
i3Qu;t 3^30 n^3a yypi n^3n-nKi-ii
out and cast outside the city into an unclean
-\ii;b yin?p-'7K lypn -iu/k nsyn-riK
place. -I'The house shall be scraped inside all
nlnriK n-i^K inp^l42 :KnU DlpJp"'7K
around, and the coating^that is scraped off shall
be dumped outside the city in an unclean place. nriK -iQVT n''p3Kn nnn-'7K w^^ri)
•i-They shall take other stones and replace those :n''3n-nj;< nuT njpi
stones with them, and take other coating and y^n iriK rT'33 hidt vy^n :l^]uyuK^ -»3
plaster the house. rT'3ri-nK ni^pn nnKT D-inNn-riN

43If the plague again breaks out in the house,
mni nK"i"i insn k3t 44 : niun nriKi
after the stones have been pulled out and after
Kin ri"iK)pn nvi^ ri'is? y^^.ri npB
the house has been scraped and replastered,
n"'3rTnK ynJi-t^ :Nin K)?t) n^ss
'^''the priest shall come to examine: if the plague
malignant erup- ipi7"'73 riKT ryy-riKi ~T'j3K-nK
has spread in the house, it is a
tion in the house; it is unclean. ^^The house shall Dlpn-'^K T'v'p yin?3-'7K K'lyim n'^^ri
be torn down — its stones and timber and all the :K)3U
coating on the house —and taken to an unclean
place outside the city.
'f-Whoever enters the house while it is closed
up shall be unclean until evening. •'"Whoever
"
c Or "yelloHtih.
d Meaning of Heb. shcqa'aruroth uncertain.

e Lit. "dust," "mud."
240
—
TORAH LEVITICUS 15.4 metsora' viyn iu Klpîl nmn
sleeps in the house must wash his clothes, and DSD"" JT'sn npti^ni 47 : n-ivn-iy Kpu""
whoever eats in the house must wash his clothes.
iÎf, however, the priest comes and sees that -i<b n;inf nxnT insn xi^ k'ih-dkvs
the plague has not spread in the house after the
n^nn-riK nun nnK n'-in V).^n ntf/Q
house was replastered, the priest shall pro-
: v).^r[ K3-I3 ^3 nîn-nx ]n'3n nnui
nounce the house clean, for the plague has
healed. 49To purge the house, he shall take two

ansy ""riiz; n^nn-riK Kun^ np.^T-jg
birds, cedar wood, crimson stuff, and hyssop. unu7i5o :nTKT ny'pln 'ju;t hk yv)
50He shall slaughter the one bird over fresh wa- wrz-bv \u-]n-^b2-bi< nriKn i3yn-nK
ter in an earthen vessel. 51 He shall take the cedar iTKn-nKi nKn-yy-nx npbyî in^n
wood, the hyssop, the crimson stuff, and the live h^nn i3Yn riKT nv'?lnn ^)\ij i hki
bird, and dip them in the blood of the slaugh-
D^?3nT nuin\i7n iQ^n bns nnx b'ûi
tered bird and the fresh water, and sprinkle on
lO'ipyQ ynu; ni^n^'^K n-im D"';'.nn
the house seven times. 52Having purged the
^)3nT nisyn bn3 nîin-nx Kurri 52
house with the blood of the bird, the fresh water,
the live bird, the cedar wood, the hyssop, and
iTKiT TnKn yv^T njnn is^/ni D^nn
the crimson stuff, 53he shall set the live bird free is^n-nx nbpyî :ny^lnn ""Ji^ni
outside the cit)' in the open country. Thus he nnti/n •'J3-'7k -\^vb y^n?3-'7N nj'nn
shaU make expiation for the house, and it shall nnyi n^3n-'7y nspi
be clean.
:
pni^l nyi.s^n v^yb^b nninn nxT 54
54Such is the ritual for every eruptive
affection — for scalls, 55for an eruption on a

cloth or a house, 56for swellings, for rashes, or
Dl-jn nninb>57 mnnnbi nnQD'p'i
for discolorations — 57to determine when they 'irw^n nv'2^ Kpun

are unclean and when they are clean. D :nynyn niln hk't
Such is the ritual concerning eruptions.
15 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, prtK'b'K") r[VJ'rybi<. nin^ '^^^v^ lU
saying: 2Speak to the Israelite people and say to nnpNi bk'^\IJ^ ^:^^'bi< nni ^ : "iriKb
them: nn'pK
When any man has a discharge issuing from
Kpu iniT liti;3)3 ni r['>n^, ^3 \u'>k u/^k
his member," he is unclean. 3The uncleanness
"in iniT3 inKDu n^jin nK'ns iKin
from his discharge shall mean the following
inl-in l"iU73 D^nnn-lK inlT-nx nti73
whether his member runs with the discharge or
is stopped up so that there is no discharge, his nsu/i n\i7K 33u;)2n-'73 4 .i<^^^\ inxjpu
uncleanness means this: 4Any bedding on which nu/'inu/K "''73n-'73T Knu'' 3Tn vbv
the one with the discharge lies shall be unclean,
and every object on which he sits shall be un-
a Lit. "flesh."
241
TORAH LEVITICUS 15.5 metsora- y-iyn lu Kip""! rmn
clean. -''Anyone who touches his bedding shall

wash his clothes, bathe in water, and remain un- IV Nwui D"'K33 yn~)T riin unDi
clean until evening. ^Whoever sits on an object
on which the one with the discharge has sat shall

Knu") U'>'ip2 yn-ji iîn d;^?"' nin vbv
wash his clothes, bathe in water, and remain un-
Ds?:' îri "lU/nn vxan'i*" :n-iyn-nv
clean until evening. "Whoever touches the body
:n")vn-iv Kipu") D""^? yniT piis
of the one with the discharge shall wash his
clothes, bathe in water, and remain unclean un- yn-j"! viy:i d^dt ilnun n^n Pir""?"!
*
til evening. Îf one with a discharge spits on one nairDH-'^Dv :n"i.V0""'V ^JPVi D^jas
who is clean, the latter shall wash his clothes, yj":irT-'73i '<' : K)pu'' iTH vbv n?-)"' "iwn
bathe in water, and remain unclean until eve-
ning. 'Âny means for riding that one with a dis- wip^ nnlK Kt^lani
yn"ii riAii D53"'
charge has mounted shall be unclean; i*>who-
n-jn l2-vr "iu;k Vii " nivn-iv ropui
:
ever touches anything that was under him shall

yni'i vi^:i D|3"i wrp"^ quu/'k'? vji)
be unclean until evening; and whoever carries
such things shall wash his clothes, bathe in wa- iu^n-'>b2^r. :n"iyri-iy kqut d'')??
ter, and remain unclean until evening, nif one
with a discharge, \sithout haWng rinsed his
hands in water, touches another person, that nynu; \b -iDpi ini^D bfn "inu"'-'3"! 13
person shall wash his clothes, bathe in water,

i-itpn yn")i vix2. d33"i in"jnyV wpi
and remain unclean until evening. '-An earthen
vessel that one with a discharge touches shall
be broken; and any wooden implement shall be

rinsed with water.
ivm briK nns-'^K n^n-' ^;^b 1 Kni
• AVhen one with a discharge becomes clean inan dhk nt^vi'? :]n3n-'7K njnji
of his discharge, he shall count off seven days vb:; -I33T n'7y "iriKrn nxun inx
for his cleansing, wash his clothes, and bathe his D :i3iT?p mn^ 'jd^ ]n3n
body in fresh water; then he shall be clean. ••On yrn.T yirnnpu; ^mn Kvn"''3 ^"'N") '^
the eighth day he shall take two turtledoves or
two pigeons and come before the Lord at the

T''?V n''n"'nu;K -ily-'73i n^3"'73T i"
entrance of the Tent of Meeting and give them

-iV K)3UT D^jpn D33T y")T-n33iz;
to the priest. '^The priest shall offer them, the
u/'iK nsu;"" -iWK nii/KT^-* a :3~iyn
one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt
offiering. Thus the priest shall make expiation iKDUT D^Dn ^ynii v~)T-nn3u; nn"K
on his behalf, for his discharge, before the Lord. :3-iyn"Ty
'HVhen a man has an emission of semen, he
shall bathe his whole body in water and remain
unclean until evening. '"All cloth or leather on
which semen falls shall be washed in water
and remain unclean until evening. '"And if a
man has carnal relations with a woman, thev DipiDsa iDcn '2fn v. 7.
24:
TORAH LEVITICUS 15.30 metsora' viyn lu X"lp"'T n-nn
shall bathe in water and remain unclean until

evening. nrrin n^rrn b^jp^ nvnu; niu;n2i
i9When a woman has a discharge, her dis- "Vdô :n-iyri-"ti7 Kpp-' nii y;\arT-'73i
charge being blood from her body, she shall re-
'731 Kpu;" rrn^jii vb:; :^^ppi "iu^k
main in her impurity seven days; whoever
y;i3ri-'7D"!2i :K)puT vbv nu;ri-iu;K
touches her shall be unclean until evening.
20Anything that she lies on during her impurity
Kpui "'^5 ynni vi^:i on?"' nnau/ipn
shall be unclean; and anything that she sits on n\^K ''pr'^Dii yiiirT-'73T 22 :nnyrT-"FV
shall be unclean. 2iAnyone who touches her KpuT n"")?? yn-ji vi^:ii on^^ vbv nu/n
bedding shall wash his clothes, bathe in water, Ik K'in n3U7j3n-'7y K123 :n-iyrT-iv
and remain unclean until evening; 22and any- -ly^js v'py-nnu;'"' Kinnu/K ''?3ri-'7y
one who touches any object on which she has niiu/T n3\f7 DK')24 :n"iyrmy Kjpp;' in
sat shall wash his clothes, bathe in water, and
KpuT vbv nn^j ^rin^ nn'K \u^k
remain unclean until evening. 23Be it the bed-
n3U7^—IU7K :i3u;>3n-'73T D^p^ nynu;
ding or be it the object on which she has sat,
on touching it he shall be unclean untU evening. 3 :K?3U"' vbv

24And if a man lies with her, her impurity is com- wii u^pi nm nit 'mT^-^3 nwK'!25
municated to him; he shall be unclean seven nnirbv nitn-^D ik nn^rny Kb^.
days, and any bedding on which he lies shall Hjinn nn^j ^p^:i nnK)3U nir "'^'-'73
become unclean. i3u;n-"iu;K n3U7?3ri-V3 26 :Kin r[i<riv
25When a woman has had a discharge of
'niri^, nn^j n3u;?p3 nniT ''y^^'b^ vbv
blood for many days, not at the time of her im-
Kpu vbv nu;ri n\^K ^Van-VDi nb
purity, or when she has a discharge beyond her
period of impurit)', she shall be unclean, as
an vj'\hr[-b2) 27 :nmj riKpuB njn''
though at the time of her impurity, as long as Kpyi D^pii yn-]) viaî 0331 Kpu""
her discharge lasts. 26Any bedding on which she : n-iyn-iv

lies while her discharge lasts shall be for her like nvû/ 7ib n-jQpi nnl-tn nnnu-nxT 28
bedding during her impurity; and any object on "ij-iipti/n Di''nT29 nnuri -irkt n^p^
which she sits shall become unclean, as it does
during her impurity: 27whoever touches them
briK nri|j-'7K ]n3rT-'7K bnlK nK-inm
shall be unclean; he shall wash his clothes, bathe
riKun inKHTiK \ri3ri ntpyi 30 ; -ri;i?3
in water, and remain unclean until evening.
28When she becomes clean of her discharge,

•'jQ^ ]ri3ri ri^bv imt nbv inKn-nK")
she shall count off seven days, and after that she :nnK)3U nl-TD nin*"
shall be clean. 290n the eighth day she shall take
two turtledoves or two pigeons, and bring them

to the priest at the entrance of the Tent of Meet-
ing. 30The priest shall offer the one as a sin
offering and the other as a burnt offering; and

the priest shall make expiation on her behalf,
for her unclean discharge, before the Lord.
243
TORAH LEVITICUS 15.31 metsora- ynyn lu K~lp"'T n-nn
-^•You shall put the Israelites on guard against

their uncleanness, lest they die through their
uncleanness by defiling My Tabernacle which
is among them. ^mr2 KYn "iu;ki n-Tn m.in nKT32

-^^Such is the ritual concerning him who has
a discharge: concerning him who has an emis-
sion of semen and becomes unclean thereby,
-^-ând concerning her who is in menstrual
infirmity, and concerning anyone, male or fe-
male,who has a discharge, and concerning a
man who lies with an unclean woman.
-I /^ 'AHAREI MOT
J. yj rhe Lord spoke to Moses after the death
o\ the two sons of Aaron who died when they
drew too close to the presence of the Lord. -The TT^'n-bK mni "iwk''V .^nr21^
Lord said to Moses:
hv-^^n Kn^-'7KT y nK pnK"'7K '^^1
Tell your brother Aaron that he is not to come
m33n îB-bi< nîa'? rr-nn wipn-'^K
at will" into the Shrine behind the curtain, in
front of the cover that is upon the ark, lest he
die; for 1 appear in the cloud over the cover. -bK iyiK Kî nKn3 :ni33ri-'7y
3Thus only shall Aaron enter the Shrine: with
a bull of the herd for a sin offering and a ram

for a burnt offering. — 'iHe shall be dressed in
a sacral linen tunic, with linen breeches next to

-riK D^)a3 yniT an u/ip-n^n tqjy""
his flesh, and be girt with a linen sash, and he

bi<.'w^ ^n niy nkm 3 : DU/nî ntf/n
shall wear a linen turban. They are sacral vest-
inN b^K-\ nKun"? u->\v "'TV'i^'"'J^ np.*'
ments; he shall bathe his body in water and then
put them on. — 5And from the Israelite com-
':nVv>
munity he shall take two he-goats for a sin I'^niyK HKunn "istik pnK nni7ni ^^
oft'ering and a ram for a burnt offering. ijuz-HK r[pb^' :ln"'5 lv:\^ nyn imt
Âaron is to offer his own bull of sin offering, nns nin-" '>2^b bn'K Tipifm D-i^ytf/n
to make expiation for himself and for his house- ^)\LJ-bv i^^7\K ]nj")8 :"ryin briK,
hold. ''Aaron'' shall take the two he-goats and
by:^') r[)r[^b iriK bji^ nlîa ni^'V^n
let them stand before the Lord at the entrance
-riK y-irtK nnpnv bii<.]yb inx
of the Tent of Meeting; «and he shall place lots
Lord
^^^^[^b b^^^^[ vbv n'^y iu;k i^vwn
upon the two goats, one marked for the
and the other marked for Azazel. 'Âaron shall
bring forward the goat designated by lot for the
Lord, which he is to offer as a sin offering;
"
a lit. "ill any time.
h MovrJ up from v. H for clarity.
244
TORAH LEVITICUS 16.19 aharei mot mn nnx tu K"1p"'T min
lOwhile the goat designated by lot for Azazel

shall be left standing alive before the Lord, to
make expiation with it and to send it off to the
hm]vb in'K nb\ijb vbv ns?'?
wilderness for Azazel.
iiAaron shall then offer his bull of sin
nu/K riKunn "iqtik pnx nnprn n
offering, to make expiation for himself and his
-riK vr[\u) irri^ lyni ny;ii "i|di i"?
household. He shall slaughter his bull of sin
offering, i2and he shall take a panful of glowing -K'pn n[7îi2 :l'7-i\^K riKunn ns
coals scooped from the altar before the Lord,
and two handfuls of finely ground aromatic innp D-ijap niuj? vkn i<bm nin"'
cense, and bring this behind the curtain. i3He -riK in3"!i3 :nD""iQ^ n'-np K^nm
shall put the incense on the fire before the Lord,
Ijy I HDDT np"" 'Jd'7 \iJK7i-bv niupn
so that the cloud from the incense screens the
mivn-bv nu/K nissn-riK niupri
cover that is over [the Ark of] the Pact, lest he
i4He shall take some of the blood of the buU
n-jm "lEjn Dip np^TH -nmi iib)
die.
and sprinkle it with his finger over the cover on '>)^b'] n)3"ii7. nn33rT ^)$-b]j î7IlV^^=i
the east side; and in front of the cover he shall nin-ip u^pvB-vûj nr nisan
sprinkle some of the blood with his finger seven nKunn îvi^-riK unif/vs :ij;nyKn
times. i5He shall then slaughter the people's n"'3p-'7K Db^-JiK K^nm dv^ iu;k
goat of sin offering, bring its blood behind the wib hipv -iu;k3 iîtik ntpyi n^ns^
curtain, and do with its blood as he has done
"JDÎ niBBn-'py in'K mrri "isn
with the blood of the bull: he shall sprinkle it
: nnsan
over the cover and in front of the cover.
i^Thus he shall purge the Shrine of the un-
bk'^\u^> ^n n'Kpup \LJ'ipr[-bv iipi le
cleanness and transgression of the Israelites,
whatever their sins; and he shall do the same : DnK)3U Tilnn DJiK ]D'\z^rT 1^1)3 brii<b
for the Tent of Meeting, which abides with them Tijm briK:i i
n^PT'i-K'? niK-'73ii7
in the midst of their uncleanness. i7When he inKY-Ti; ti/nj^n 135^ iK'nn
goes in to make expiation in the Shrine, nobody
'7np-'73 lyni irrin nyn^ lii/n "i|di
else shall be in the Tent of Meeting until he
"'^^b nU7K nnTpn-'7X KY^T is :'7K'lti7''
comes out.
When he has made expiation for himself and

wim hsn aip npî vbv '^^2^ nin^
his household, and for the whole congregation :n"'nD nîmn nlj-ip-'^y jni) T-vti^n
of Israel, '^he shall go out to the altar that is be- ynu7 iv^YKn Diri'lP vbv n-fm 19
fore the Lord and purge it: he shall take some ^J3 n'Kjpup lu/ipT nnpi a^py?
of the blood of the bull and of the goat and apply
it to each of the horns of the altar; iând the rest
of the blood he shall sprinkle on it with his finger

seven times. Thus he shall cleanse it of the un-
cleanness of the Israelites and consecrate it.
245
TORAH LEVITICUS 16.20 aharei mot mn •'"inN tu K^p"*! n-nn
20When he has finished purging the Shrine, '7riKTiKi lynprrriK 19373 n^D"i2o
the Tent of Meeting, and the altar, the live "fytyn-riK nnpm n3T)3n-nKT 'ivm
goat shall be brought forward. 21 Aaron shall lay
T'T '^' ""^^"^^ V^^ ^Jpov :"'nn
both his hands upon the head of the live goat
and confess over it all the iniquities and trans-

-'73-nK") '7K-)t^"' •'J3 njii7"'73-nK
gressions of the Israelites, whatever their sins,
putting them on the head of the goat; and it
shall be sent off to the wilderness through a nv U7"'K-T3 nbp^ i-^viLiri u;ki
designated' man. '-Thus the goat shall carry on

it all their iniquities to an inaccessible region; -iiywrr-riK n'^wi ny}, y")K''7K nnlii;
and the goat shall be set free in the wilderness.
23And Aaron shall go into the Tent of Meet-
-riK uu/QT iv'\-n briK-bK prjK k3T 23
ing, take off the linen vestments that he put on

\iJ-i;pn-bK iK33 \ij^b iu/k liin ""lAn
when he entered the Shrine, and leave them
b^Tan ntf73-nK yn"!T2i idu; nn^^m
there. -^He shall bathe his body in water in the
holy precinct and put on his vestments; then he
KY^T in^n-nK \u2b'] u/nj? mpas
shall come out and offer his burnt offering and ispl Dvri n^y-nKT in^'y-riK nu;yi
the burnt offering of the people, making expi- riKunn 2.bn nx"! 25 : uvn nyni iii^n
ation for himself and for the people. -SThe fat :nn3mn '^y\?^'_
of the sin offering he shall turn into smoke on 033"' h\K]vb i^vti^n-riK nVu;?pm 26
the altar.
Is-nriKi n^)33 l-itf;3-nK yn-iT vi:\:i
-'^He who set the Azazel-goat free shall wash
:njn)3n-'7K Kln^
his clothes and bathe his body in water; after
riKunn '^^vp riK") riKunn i3 riKi 27
may
1
that he reenter the camp.
-"The bull of sin offering and the goat of sin Ki^V U;ij73 "l|J3'7 b?pl"nK K3in IWK
offering whose blood was brought in to purge nniyriK wAn iQ")tz;i ninrpb yinp-'^K
the Shrine shall be taken outside the camp; and nn'K c]-iwrii 28 : du;i$tik") nntpn-riNT
their hides, flesh, and dung shall be consumed D^)33 ntf73-nK yn-)i vi^:^ 0^3^
in fire. -'^He who burned them shall wash his
:mn)3n-'7K k13^ is-nriKT
clothes and bathe his body in water; after that
u/inn ub'w n^nb 03^* nrrinv^
he may re-enter the camp.
-riK ^^vpi wnnb' iw)J2 'Vû/n"
-Ând this shall be to you a law for all time:
In the seventh month, on the tenth day of the wvn ^b h3K^)p-'73i D3iriu;DJ
month, you shall practice self-denial; and you 1')n-'3 3o :D33ln3 "lAH lAni niTKH
shall do no manner of work, neither the citizen 73^ a3nK invb 031^7:; 133^ nrn
nor the alien who resides among you. ^"For on n3u; M :nnun mn*" ^2^b D3^riNun
this day atonement shall be made for you to
D3"'nu;DrnK nn-'^V") Q^"? K^n ]ln3u;
cleanse you of all your sins; you shall be clean
before the Lord. 3' It shall be a sabbath of com-
plete rest for you, and you shall practice self-
denial; it is a law for all time. ^-The priest who
c Meaning of Heb. 'itti i4nciTluin.

«
TORAH LEVITICUS 17.8 aharei mot mn nnK v K"lp''T nmn
has been anointed and ordained to serve as

priest in place of his father shall make expiation.
He shall put on the linen vestments, the sacral
vestments. ^^He shall purge the innermost
Shrine; he shall purge the Tent of Meeting and
the altar; and he shall make expiation for the
priests and for all the people of the congre-
gation. "iQDb' n^ly nj7n^ U2b riKrnn^m 34
34This shall be to you a law for all time: to nriK DnKun-'73?p bîp-^, \^^~bv
make atonement for the Israelites for all their
sins once a year.

And Moses did as the Lord had commanded
him.
17 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:

^Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the ''3n-'73 ^b'Kl T'J3-'7K"1 pnK-'7K "13^2
Israelite people and say to them:
nn'''?K n-!)?Ki bk'iiu''
This is what the Lord has commanded: 3if
\u'>K 3 : "ipab mn-' n^y-"iu;K li^n nr
anyone of the house of Israel slaughters an ox
or sheep or goat in the camp, or does so outside
unu;^ -iu;k Ik njn)3;a tv-Ix ::tz;3-lK
the camp, -land does not bring it to the entrance
of the Tent of Meeting to present it as an offering ~nylJ3 briK nn3-'7KT4 -.nimb y^njp
to the Lord, before the Lord's Tabernacle, "•i^b r[)ri->b ):^^^p^ ^""ipn^ iK^nn kb
bloodguilt shall be imputed to that man: he has DT wnn \ij''^b liuw wi nrn^ ]3U7p
shed blood; that man shall be cut off from :1)3V n-i.|?.)p Kinn u/^'xri mpji '^^\u
among his people. -^This is in order that the Is-
-jiK bk'ip'' 'J3 ^K'-n^ n\i7K ']VP'?5
may bring the sacrifices which they have
raelites
hiiLJri ^^B-bv'ûm] an -iu;k nn^n^T
—
been making in the open that they may bring
-rylD ^n'K nn|-'7K nim^ ^^^^C^t
them before the Lord, to the priest, at the en-
trance of the Tent of Meeting, and offer them nin-'l? n-ipû; \n3T innn ]n"3ri-'7K
as sacrifices of well-being to the Lord; ^that the n3T)p-'7i7 b'in-nK ]n3ri pin 6 : anlK
priest may dash the blood against the altar of n^nn "i^'upni "tylu bria nn|! nin""
the Lord at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, hly in3r-k'7V •.nrn^b n'n^j nn^
and turn the fat into smoke as a pleasing odor ""JT an nu/K nTVti^'? arfrinrriK
to the Lord; ând that they may offer their
nnb? riKrmnn nb'w npn nn^nx
sacrifices no more to the goat-demons after
: nri-iib
whom they stray. This shall be to them a law
for all time, throughout the ages.
bk'y\u'' n''3?p ^\uî<: \u'>k nnKn n'?KT
8Say to them further: If anyone of the house
of Israel or of the strangers who reside among
247
TORAH LEVITICUS 17.8 aharei mot mn nnx v K"lp"'T nmn
them offers a burnt offering or a sacrifice, ''and
does not bring it to the entrance of the Tent of \yKrT nnpJi mn*'^ iriK nwvb ^2i<^2'>
Meeting to offer it to the Lord, that person shall
:T')3yn K^^^l
be cut off from his people.
'^'And if anyone of the house of Israel or of
the strangers who reside among them partakes
nn'K 'nipni ain-riK rib'DKn \p^n
of any blood, I will set My face against the person
who partakes of the blood, and I will cut him "Kin Di:3 ntf/nn u/dj ""b " -.nipv n-i.pn
off from among his kin. '

' For the life of the flesh -bi; ^^B^b n3T)3n-'7V DDb' T-nnj 'ih;i
is in the blood, and I have assigned it to you :"i33T u;q|5 Kin ^n-'D D3"'nu;pj
for making expiation for your lives upon the al- \z;3r "73 '7K"iU7T ip"? ""rn^pK ]:D-b:j 12
tar; it is the blood, as life, that effects expiation.

DDpinn n^n nj\rn ui '^dkh-k'? nan
'-Therefore I say to the Israelite people: No per-
D :D1 b2i<'>-i(b
son among you shall partake of blood, nor shall
the stranger who resides among you partake of
lAn ~iAn-]>2i bk'iiu'', ^nn \u^k \:/''kt '3
blood. "iu;k qiy-iK n^.n i^y ny^ nu/K DDlnn

-13 inD3i i^bi-riK
'•''And if any Israelite or any stranger who re- 14 : -iQi73 "qDU/i 'tdk^
sides among them hunts down an animal or a n)3KT kin 1U7Djn inT "iW3-'73 u;dj
bird that may be eaten, he shall pour out its I'^^K'n kb 'ntf73-'73 ui bk'w-' ^nb
blood and cover it with earth. '^^For the life of
T''73'K-'73 Kin in"! ~ltp3-'73 U/DJ '•3
all flesh — its blood is its life. Therefore I say to

: ni3-'
the Israelite people: You shall not partake of the
blood of any flesh, for the life of all flesh is
nanuT n^nj b^kn nu/x war 73") 15
its blood. Anyone who partakes of it shall be

nm:^ yn-vi vi^n D33"i nni niTK3
cut off. D33^ kb DK") '^ :"inyi 3ii;ri""tv xpyi
'-""Any person, whether citizen or stranger, Q :1J1V KU/J") ynn;' k"? ^'W2^
who eats what has died or has been torn by
beasts shall wash his clothes, bathe in water, and
remain unclean until evening; then he shall be
clean. "^Butifhe does not wash [his clothes] and
bathe his body, he shall bear his guilt.

-Speak to the Israelite people and say to them: unbK n'^^nifi^ btîw'' "'J^-'^k "i31 -
I the Lord am your God. -^You shall not copy

yn.K nU;v)p3.* :D3"'ri'7K mn"* •jk
the practices of the land of Egypt where you
lu/yn kb n^-annu;'' iu;k nnyn
dwelt, or of the land of Canaan to which I am
K^nn ''JK -]\UK ]VJ3-y-iK nu;i77p3i
taking you; nor shall you follow their laws. 'My
rules alone shall you observe, and faithfully fol-
Dn-'npnnT wvn kb hdu; D3nK
low Mv laws: I the Lord am vour Cod. TIKI lu/yn 'UBU/n-nK :i3'7n kb
t
248
TORAH LEVITICUS 18.17 aharei mot mn nnx n'' K1p"'T nmn
5You shall keep My laws and My rules, by the

pursuit of which man shall live: I am the Lord.
6None of you shall come near anyone of his
own flesh to uncover nakedness: am the Lord. I
''«-Your father's nakedness, that is, the na-

D : n'pi
kedness of your mother, you shall not uncover;
she is your mother —you shall not uncover her
npT
nakedness. D : ""JK npy n^b^b innpn
8Do not uncover the nakedness of your fa- ^?3K r[b^n i<b ^j3k nnî -înK mni; 7
ther's wife;-« it is the nakedness of your father. D :nnpi; nÂn i(b K^rl
9The nakedness of your sister — your father's
npy n^Âri i<b '?i"'nK-nu7K mnvs
daughter or your mother's, whether born into
D :Kin ^'nK
the household or outside —do not uncover their
^)3K-n5 1K '"^'nK-nn '^riinK nhi;9
nakedness.
lOThe nakedness of your son's daughter, or
nV^n Kb yin ni'7'in Ik nîi nnb'lD
of your daughter's daughter —do not uncover

their nakedness; for their nakedness is yours.'' n|7An Kb "^nn-nn Ik ~^jn-nn nny 10
iiThe nakedness of your father's wife's
daughter, who has born into your father's ^•nK iTT.'7l)3 ^'?i"'iK n\^KTin nhvii
household — she is your sister; do not uncover D :nnpy ribm i<b Kin îninK
her nakedness.
"iK\:; nVj.n Kb q-'nK-nlnK npi;i2
i2Do not uncover the nakedness of your fa-
D •.K^r[ ^^nK
ther's sister; she is your father's flesh.
i3Do not uncover the nakedness of your -iKu;-'3 n^^^n Kb 3i?3K"rilnK npi; 13
mother's sister; for she is your mother's flesh. D :K^r[ ^?3K
I'lDo not uncover the nakedness of your fa- inu/K"'^^^ nV^ri i^b ^'nK-'fiK m."!V ^^
ther's brother: do not approach his wife; she is D : Kin '^n-n nnpn k^
your aunt. K^r\ ^"^n nu/K nbm Kb -^n^? npi; 15
i5Do not uncover the nakedness of your

D :nripi; nbm kV
daughter-in-law: she is your son's wife; you
npy nb^n Kb ^•'riK-nu/K nnvie
shall not uncover her nakedness.
i6«-Do not uncover the nakedness of your
D .K^r\ "^mK
brother's wife; it is the nakedness of your -nn-riK n^^^n kb* nrini nji^K ni-ii; 17
brother." m'pA^ njpri k^ nri:n-nn-nKi nj2i
i^Do not uncover the nakedness of a woman :Kin n?3T mn n-iK\:7 nnnv
and her daughter; nor shall you marry her son's
daughter or her daughter's daughter and un-
cover her nakedness: they are kindred; it is de-
pravity.
a-a A man and his wife are oneflesh (Gen. 2.24), even if he should
die or divorce her.
b Meaning uncerlain.
249
TORAH LEVITICUS 18.18 aharei mot mn •'"inK n^ K"lp"'T min
1
8Do not marry a woman as a rival to her sister
and uncover her nakedness in the other's life- :rT'''n3 rT"''7V nnpy n'\b}h
time. ni.pn Kb nnKJpu ^V^^ nii/N-b'KT i^'
i^Do not come near a woman during her pe-

:nnpi; mÂ'p
riod of uncleanness to uncover her nakedness.
•înnû; inn-K"? "^rr'ni? hu/k-'^KVo
-ODo not have carnal relations with your
:nn-nK)pu^ y-)T^
neighbor's wife and defile yourself with her.
2 'Do not allow any of your offspring to be Kb) 'q^"}3^ i*'?vrT'7 ]nn-k'7 ^y-iTniî
offered up to Molech, and do not profane the

name of your God: I am the Lord. n\i7K 'nsu/n 2ppn Kb l2rnK^22
22Do not lie with a male as one lies with a :K^^\ nnyin
woman; it is an abhorrence.
^nnû; irin-k'? npnii-'^Dni 23
23Do not have carnal relations with any beast

^2^b ihvn-Kb nwKT nn-HKpuV
and defile yourself thereby; and let no woman
:Kin b:\r} nv:iib npnn
lend herself to a beast to mate with it; it is per-
n'pK-b'Dn ^3 n'7K-'7D3 w)2yri-'7K24
version.
2-iDo not defile yourselves in any of those

ways, for it is by such that the nations that I am n\^y T\pv ipDK"! V'lK'? i<pV'ri'i25
casting out before you defiled themselves. njn"inu;T26 : n"'n\y'"'-nK yiKn Kp^^^
25Thus the land became defiled; and I called it
iti;yn kî 'U3u;)p-nKV"'n'i?n"riK ariK
to account for its iniquity, and the land spewed
"lAH narn nniNn n^^rr nnyinn b'^n
out its inhabitants. 26But you must keep My laws
bkri hiv^nri-b^-nK '327 :D3Dln3
and My rules, and you must not do any of those
KnujiT 3"'Jq'7 -IU7K yiKn-û/JK it:^V
abhorrent things, neither the citizen nor the
stranger who resides among you; 2^for all those DsriK V"!.>^ri K"'i7n-k'7"i28 :y"iKri
abhorrent things were done by the people who "i^rrTiK nKj? iu^k? nn'K D3K)3U3
were in the land before you, and the land be- V3n nti/y^ nu^K-'rs ""a 29 :D3"'jp'7 •^\UK
came defiled. 2«So let not the land spew you out nlwD^n ^n^^2:^ h^kh ninvlnn
for defiling as spewed out the nation that
it, it
-piK nninu/T^n -.ui^v nnj?.)? nwyn
came before you. ^Âll who do any of those ab-
nipnn nwv ''nb:ib ""rTinif/a
horrent things — such persons shall be cut off
from their people. ''"You shall keep My charge
not to engage in any of the abhorrent practices
that were carried on before you, and you shall
not defile yourselves through them: I the Lord

am your God.
250
TORAH LEVITICUS 19.15 kedoshim wvjip V K1p'>^ nmn
-I
Q KEDOSHIM
JL ^ The Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
2Speak to the whole Israelite community and n-ijpKi '7K-!t:7-'-'jn n'ii;-'73-'7K -in'i2
say to them:
You shall be holy, for I, the Lord your God,
am holy.
3You shall each revere his mother and his fa-
ther, and keep My sabbaths: I the Lord am your

God.
4Do not turn to idols or make molten gods
for yourselves: I the Lord am your God.
sWhen you sacrifice an offering of vyêll-being a3jyi'7 r[yn^b n-inû; nm instri ""pi 5
to the Lord, sacrifice it so that it may be ac-

nnn?3pT b^K} n^nnr uv:i(> :inn3m
cepted on your behalf. 6It shall be eaten on the
iqnwi vJK^ î^''b\ijri nv-TV ^r^1:IÎ^
day you sacrifice it, or on the day following; but
7^3 ^DKH DKI 7
''^''b\un Dlîn '7pl<T
what is left by the third day must be consumed
in fire. Îf it should be eaten on the third day,
Kt£7i î^v vb2K)» :nyT i<b Kin
it is an offensive thing, it will not be acceptable.
8And he who eats of it shall bear his guilt, for :rT')3V)? K^r\n
he has profaned what is sacred to the Lord; that n^3n Kb DDynx n-'Yp-nK bDnyj^ni 9
person shall be cut off from his kin.

: uipVn i<b ^"I'-yp v\:b^ -i:fipb ^ntz; nxs
9When you reap the harvest of your land, you
iib r^m^ u-iQT '7'?lyn Kb ^'^12^^2^ 10
shall not reap all the way to the edges of your
nrn"! 'Jk dhk nryn h^h) ^2vb uj^.^n
field, or gather the gleanings of your harvest.
lOYou shall not pick your vineyard bare, or
gather the fallen fruit of your vineyard; you shall
leave them for the poor and the stranger: I the ^)pU7n lynii^n-K'pi 12 :lri^?3yn \u''k
Lord am your God. : mn"" ""JK '^'"TibK up-nK n^^ni ^\P.fb

11 You shall not steal; you shall not deal de- -Kb bun Kb"] ^y"i."riK p\uvn-Kb 13
ceitfully or falsely with one another. 12 You shall

:-ii7':a-ii7 TjriK n\pt^ n'73;3 ]"''7n
not swear falsely by My name, profaning the
name of your God: I am the Lord.
1
3You shall not defraud your fellow. You shall
:mn;' ^)k "^""libKi^ nxTi b'\i;2'}2
not commit robbery. The wages of a laborer JD Ktirn-K"? uQU7?33''7iv itpyn-k"? 15
shall not remain with you until morning. \3^\LJn piyin bM:x mnn k"?! bi-"JQ
i4You shall not insult the deaf, or place a

stumbling block before the blind. You shall fear
your God: I am the Lord.
'5You shall not render an unfair decision: do

not favor the poor or show deference to the rich;
251
TORAH LEVITICUS 19.15 kedoshim D"'u/ip u"" K'lp"'! mm
judge your kinsman fairly. '^Do not "deal

basely with'' your countrymen. Do not ''profit
by-'' the blood of your fellow: 1 am the Lord.
'''You shall not hate your kinsfolk in your
heart. Reprove your kinsman but' incur no guilt
'J3TIK iun-K'pi Dpn-K'pis :Kun
because of him. '**You shall not take vengeance
or bear a grudge against your countryTnen. Love
your fellow as yourself: I am the Lord.
'"^You shall observe My laws. -i(b 'p^j mKb'a y-'sin-K'? "^nDnn
You shall not let your cattle mate with a
different kind; you shall not sow your field with D nbv']
:"?l"'^y
two kinds of seed; you shall not put on cloth
yif-nnpu; nwN-riK :iW"'? wîisfso
from a mixture of two kinds of material.
Kb niDHi \u''i<.b na-inj nn^vj Kim
-"If a man has carnal relations with a woman
nipn n"?-]]!: Kb nu/Dn Ik nrrrsj
who is a slave and has been designated for an-
other man, but has not been redeemed or given

K^nm ;i : nu;3n k'7-'3 ^nnv iK'3. ]n3n vbv isdt ^-2 -.
du;k b-'K
has not been freed. îRut he must bring to the Kun ivJK lnKun-'7V mn'' 'jq'? du/kh
entrance of the Tent of Meeting, as his guilt a :Kyn "iu;k iriKuna '\b nbv^)
offering to the Lord, a ram of guilt offering.
YV-b3 bnyujT yiKn-'^K wnrT"'DV3
2-With the ram of guilt offering the priest shall
]ubvj ins-HK in^-iy nri'7-iy"! b-2KT2
make expiation for him before the Lord for the
sin that he committed; and the sin that he com-

:'7DK:' i<b D"''7niy DD^ mn"' Wi^LJ
mitted will be forgiven him.

- nvhen you enter the land and plant any tree nuz-'pnri mu^3i25 -.riyn^b u^b^b^{
for food, you shall regard its fruit as forbidden.'' iriKinn d^V T'pln^ iîstik ^bîin
Three years it shall be forbidden'' for you, not .n2->ribK mn;' ""jk
to be eaten, --iln the fourth year all its fruit shall

K^l wmn Kb Din-'^v '\b:2Kn k'?^
be set aside for jubilation before the Lord; 25and
k"?! D3u;ki nKB iQpn k^^" :iJJiyn
only in the fifth year may you use its fruit — that
riN? riK rrriu/n
vj^hb u"|t^v^ :"nî?T
its yield to you may be increased: 1 the Lord
am your God.
i<b ypyj? nnriDT DDnu/nn ijnn Kb
26You shall not eat anything with its blood.
You shall not practice divination or soothsay-

ing. -~You shall not round off the side-growth
on your head, or destroy the side-growth of
your beard. -"You shall not make gashes in your
a-a Othen 'go about as a talebearer among": meaning of Heb.

uncertain,
b-b Lit. "stand upon": prease meaning of Heb. phrase umertam.
c Exact force of ve- uncertain,
d Heb. root 'rl, commonly "to be uncircumcued."
252
TORAH LEVITICUS 20.4 kedoshim D-'u;ip D K"1p''1 n-nn
flesh for the dead, or incise any marks on your- -Kb) nnlJTn'p '^riiiTiK '7'7nn-'7K29
selves: I am the Lord. -riK 30 : n)3T ynKH niihm ynxn mm
-9Do not degrade your daughter and make
\JK iK^m wi^\?m nni^ri ""n'nnuj
her a harlot, lest the land fall into harlotry and
:
nyii
the land be filled with depravity. 30You shall
D-'^y-i^'n-^Ki nnKrT-'7K iJ3ri-'7K3i
keep My sabbaths and venerate My sanctuary:
I am the Lord.
nyr['> •'Jk nnn nKpu"? iu;p5ri-'7K
-^'Do not turn to ghosts and do not inquire

of familiar spirits, to be defiled by them: I the li7T ^j$ ^1~[^) D^pJ^ nn-iu; ''J3p32
Lord am your God. Q :mn;' >;><; '^"'rf'^K)? nxTT

32You shall rise before the aged and show def- ijin i<h n^y-iKn la ^nx -np-^p')33
erence to the old; you shall fear your God: I am n'hb n"iTK3 34
I "lAPi ri^ri^ 'u:^)2 :iriK
the Lord.
33When a stranger resides with you in your

land, you shall not wrong him. 34The stranger
mn;' 'Jk nnyp ynxia nri^n
who resides with you shall be to you as one of
your citizens; you shall love him as yourself, for b^\uj2:i n^Kin u|)\^?33 b)v wvn-x'? 35
you were strangers in the land of Eg)'pt: I the piy-'nK piy "'JTKn36 :nnÛ7?3nT
Lord am your God. U2b wri'' p-iy i^rTi piY n^^K
35You shall not falsify measures of length,
weight, or capacity. -"^^You shall have an honest
-'73-nK arii)pu;T37 :anYn ynxn
balance, honest weights, an honest ephah, and
Dn'K Dnû/yi ""UEiu/Tp-^s-nK"] ^m'pn
an honest hin.
I the Lord am your God who freed you from

the land of Egypt. ^^You shall faithfully observe
all My laws and all My rules: I am the Lord.
20 And the Lord spoke to Moses: 2Say fur-

ther to the Israelite people: ''^'^2i<n^bK'^p'! "'Jii
Anyone among the Israelites, or among the

lAn ^b^pV-'K u/^x
I
lAH-i^pT bk'^p^
strangers residing in Israel, who gives any of his
nin r^y'ypb iy-im ]ri^ ^^\UK bk'W''':!
offspring to Molech, shall be put to death; the
iKT3 :]nKn innn^ y-ixn uv npT"
people of the land shall pelt him with stones.
3And I wiU set My face against that man and will
cut him off from among his people, because he
gave of his offspring to Molech and so defiled
My sanctuary and profaned My holy name. -jiK ynkn dv ^n-'^V!' ^bvri uk^ 4
4And if the people of the land should shut their li7-iTn inrin Kinn i^/^xn-in n^j'-i;
eyes to that man when he gives of his offspring
ipK 'ri)pU7i5 :iriN n^jpn ^nb:ib "q^Tp^
to Molech, and should not put him to death,
253
TORAH LEVITICUS 20.5 kedoshim D-'U/np D K"1p"'T n-nn
51 Myself will set My face against that man and

his kin, and will cut off from among their people vinK nî^r\-b2 i nK"i ih'K "'niprri
both him and all who follow him in going astray
u;Q|ni ^ : D)3V n-i|?7p "q^'^jn nnK niJT^
after Molech. Ând if any person turns to ghosts
and familiar spirits and goes astray after them,
I will set My face against that person and cut
him off from among his people.
"You shall sanctif)' yourselves and be holy, for "JK -"s ti^wip Dn-'-'m nnu;-|i?nnv
I the Lord am your God. ^^You shall faithfully •'npn-riK bri"!)3U;T« :DD"'rT'7K nin;"
observe My laws: I the Lord make you holy. :n3\f7ii7)3 mn;' 'j>f
dhk n-'u/vi
'Îf anyone insults his father or his mother, he vnKTiK bbp_^ ~iU7K \u^k \:7"'k-'3 9
shall be put to death; he has insulted his father
bbp l)3Ki vnK ny^v nl?3 l?3K-nKT
and his mother — his bloodguilt is upon him.
:13 vm
'"If a man commits adultery with a married
"1U7K \u^k nu/KTiK qxr -iu;k u/^k") lo
woman, committing adultery with another
man's wife, the adulterer and the adulteress iqK'jiri npT'-nijp iny-i. nu/K-nx i^kj"'
shall he put to death. "If a man lies with his nu/K-riK nsu;;' -i]z;k u/^kt '
' : -nDKiirn
father's wife, it is the nakedness of his father that
he has uncovered; the two shall be put to

death — their bloodguilt is upon them. 'Îf a
man lies with his daughter-in-law, both of them

nDrriK I2\u'> '^wi<. ]ij^k) i ^ : D3 Dn^ni
shall be put to death; they have committed
incest — their bloodguilt is upon them. 'Îf a
man lies with a male as one lies with a woman, nip."' '^^jK u/^KiH :n3 nn"'m m-gv
the two of them have done an abhorrent thing; \uk^ Kin n)3T n^K-riKT nii^K-riK
they shall be put to death — their bloodguilt is n)3T n'^.nn-Kbi inriKi in'x iQiu/"'
upon them, '-ilf a man marries a woman and innDu; in^ "iu/k \ij^kv^ iDDDinn
her mother, is depravity; both he and they
it
nipniin-nKi n-nv nin nipnnin
shall be put to the fire, that there be no depravity
among you. Mf a man ' has carnal relations with
a beast, he shall be put to death; and you shall
kill thebeast. "Îfa woman approaches any beast
:nn DrT')3~T inipT' nm nnnnn-nKi
to mate with it, you shall kill the woman and T'nKTiii innK-riK niP^nu/K u/^kt i"
the beast; they shall be put to death — their
bloodguilt is upon them. in-ipJT Kin -run inpy-riK nK-|n

''If a man marries his sister, the daughter of U'lV n'7A in'nK miv DKjy n Ty"?
either his father or his mother, so that he sees
her nakedness and she sees his nakedness, it is
a disgrace; theyshallbeexcommunicated" in the

sight of their kinsfolk. I le has uncovered the na-
(J Lit. 'ail off.
254
TORAH LEVITICUS 20.27 kedoshim Q-'wnp' 3 K"lp''T min
kedness of his sister, he shall bear his guilt. ^Hf

a man lies with a woman in her infirmity and K^r\^ nnvn nn'p?p-nK nnny-riK rib).)
uncovers her nakedness, he has laid bare her

Dpfji^ ^ni:?Jl n\m mp^p-riK nn'pa
flow and she has exposed her blood flow; both
of them shall be cut off from among their peo-
ninKT j])3K nlriK nhyi 19 : um nn^.p
ple. i^You shall not uncover the nakedness of
your mother's sister or of your father's sister,
for that is laying bare one's own flesh; they shall

bear their guilt. 20if a man lies with his uncle's "riK nj?'' n\z7K u/^kvi :inn^ nnny
wife, it is his uncle's nakedness that he has un- hVa vnK nm i^^ri nij vriK nu/K
covered. They shall bear their guilt: they shall :vri'' Dnny
die childless. -Tf a man marries the wife of his
-73-11x1 ^""npn-^s-riK ari-iipu/i 22
brother, it is indecency. It is the nakedness of
n3nK K"'i7ri-K'7'i nnx Dnû/y"! ""UQu;)?
his brother that he has uncovered; they shall re-
main childless.
22You shall faithfully observe all My laws and 'liri rij^nn 13^7^ Kb-i^^ :n3 n:ipb
all My regulations, lest the land to which I bring -"^S-riK ^3 3^:373 Ubpy? ''lK-^\Ui<.
you to settle in spew you out. 23You shall not ^DPIK 133^ npKI 24 : n;3 yj^KT ^ti/V nVk
follow the practices of the nation that I am driv- 03^ ri^;ir\i<, ^jkt brDpiK-riK wyn
ing out before you. For it is because they did
''JK u;3iT 3'7n n3T yiK nn'K rwuib
all these things that I abhorred them ^ând said
n3nK 'n'7'i3n—iu;k 3"'ri'7K nyii
to you: You shall possess their land, for I will
n)pri3rT-p3 ri'7^3rT'i 25 :D-')3vn"iP
give it to you to possess, a land flowing with milk
and honey. I the Lord am your God who has

KDun riii7n-]^3T HKnu"? ninuri
set you apart from other peoples. 25So you shall Ds^nu/DrriK lYjpu/n-k'pi inu^
set apart the clean beast from the unclean, the tz/bnn -i\^K ^^7331 iîi73T npri33
unclean bird from the clean. You shall not draw :K)3u'7 03^ •'Ji'ppn-'nu/K nrnKPi
abomination upon yourselves through beast or mn"' 'JK \iJM\p ""s Dû/'np '•''7
arT';'.ni 26
bird or anything with which the ground is alive,
•.•'b nl-'H^ n-'K]yri-]>2 a3nK '7'i3X'i
which I have set apart for you to treat as unclean.
Ik 3iK nri3 n^n^'-'s h^fk-ik \:7''K') 27
26You shall be holy to Me, for I the Lord am
holy, and I have set you apart from other peoples
Dn'K iÂi'' ]3K3 ^npv nm '>py
to be Mine. Q :n3 ur[^)2i
27A man or a woman who has a ghost or a

familiar spirit shall be put to death; they shall
be pelted with stones — their bloodguilt shall be
upon them.
255
TORAH LEVITICUS 21.1 EMOR -\12K. K3 K"!]?""! n-nn
^ -I EMOR
^jL The Lord said to Moses: Speak to the
priests, the sons of Aaron, and say to them:
None shall defile himself for any [dead] per- i-iK\i;'7-nK "'3 2 •v'nv:i KTau^-K"? u/d:"?
son among his kin, 2except for the relatives that
innî in'pi V2i<.b^ mt(.b i\^k nhipn
are closest to him: his mother, his father, his son,
nninpn nînsn in'nN'713 :T'nK'7T
his daughter, and his brother; -îlso for a virgin
:K)3u;' 7ib uj'^Kb nrr'n-k'p iu/k vbK
sister, close to him because she has not married,
for her he may defile himself. 'But he shall not :i'pnn'7 v}2V^ b:j:i kû-" k^-»
defile himself "as a kinsman by marriage,-" and

so profane himself.
5They shall not shave smooth any part of their Kb) n'r}'''ribKb vr\'> wpip ^\?'W (^
heads, or cut the side-growth of their beards,

mn"^, WK-nK'i:? un^ribK up I'^'prr'
or make gashes in their flesh. f^They shall be holy
:\:7-T'i7 v'^[^ nnnpp nn Drfn'7K nn^
to their God and not profane the name of their
n\i7K"i injpT Kb nb?"?!!"! hj't n\f7K7
God; for they offer the Lord's offerings by fire,
the food of their God, and so must be holy.

K^n u/'ii?"""? ini?"" k"? n\u'>K't2 nu/nA
"They shall not marry a woman defiled by ']'>iibK Dn'7-nK-'3 iri\^î7")« :T'ri'7K'7
harlotry, nor shall they marry one divorced

from her husband. For they are holy to their :D3\:;'ipn mn''
God ând you must treat them as holy, since
n"'nK-nK nlJi'? '7nri -"s ]n3 u/^n nni ">
they offer the food of your God; they shall be

D :ci"i.wn vjk:^ ri'p^nn K^n
holy to you, for I the Lord who sanctify you
pYT'--iu;k vnKr] '7liAn 'insrri 10
am holy.
9When the daughter of a priest defiles herself
iTTiK k|7)3T nnu/Kjn \ri\ij 1 iu/ki-'^y
through harlotry, it is her father whom she yiQ"' k^ i\z;K"TnK Dnj.^n-riK \lJf':^bb
defiles; she shall be put to the fire. nn rivj^rb^ bv^^^ :n""i3^ k"? v-rni
'^•The priest who is exalted above his fellows, -]m 12 :K?3U"' i<.b 1?3k'71 t'^k'? kn^ Kb
on whose head the anointing oil has been u/ipn riK '7'7n^ k"?"! K2fT k^p u/^p)3n
poured and who has been ordained to wear the vribK
vb:j vribK nn\£;n ]r2p "in" ""ij
vestments, shall not bare his head'' or rend his

rn;?;' n^'înn^ nwK Kini i' .n^p^ -"Jk
vestments. "He shall not go in where there is
n'pK-JiK njT n"?^!!! nu;n:n n^n'îs n
any dead body; he shall not defile himself even
for his father or mother. '^He shall not go out-
np"! vr2un n'înn-DK ^3 np^ Kb
side the sanctuary and profane the sanctuary of
his God, for upon him is the distinction of the
anointing oil of his God, Mine the Lord's. '^He

may marry only a woman who is a virgin. •''A
widow, or a divorced woman, or one who is de-
graded by harlotry — such he may not marry.

a-a Lit. "as a hinhiiml among his km"; meaning unicrtaw.
b See note at 10.6.
256
TORAH LEVITICUS 22.4 emor "DON n3 Kip"!! n-nn
Only a virgin of his own kin may he take to

wife — i^that he may not profane his offspring D :r^î??3 mni
among his kin, for I the Lord have sanctified
-i3"ii: :i?3K^ nu;>3-'7K mn^ "i^TIi^
him.
i^The Lord spoke further to Moses: I'Speak
to Aaron and say: No man of your offspring

nnpn^ nnp^ i<b nm in mn"' nu/K
throughout the ages who has a defect shall be

um Inni^K \u''K-b'2 's is :vrT'7K n'?
qualified to offer the food of his God. i^Ko one IK nnn Ik nt)^ Ik ny w^k nip^ kV
at all who has a defect shall be qualified: no man "ini^ In n''n"'"i\^K u;"'k Ik i^ : v^'^^J
who is blind, or lame, or "^-has a limb too short Ik pTiK ]n:i-lK2o .-ti -inu; ik "^n
or too long;-*^ i^no man who has a broken leg ninn Ik nn^p^ Ik i-ia 1k iryn bb-^n
or a broken arm; -Oor who is a hunchback, or
yn-m ai^ innu/K \u->k-h-2 2\ r-û/K
a dwarf, or who has a growth in his eye, or who
"WK-HK nnpn'7 u;r Kb ]ti3ri pr\K
has a boil-scar, or scur\y, or crushed testes. 21X0
man among the offspring of Aaron the priest
i<b vribi<. on'? hk in nm mn^
who has a defect shall be qualified to offer the ^lyipn i^rf'^K an'?-- :nnpn'7 u;r
Lord's offering by fire; ha\ang a defect, he shall -'7K "qK 23 : ^^nK^ Dû;-rpn-]m nû/ipn
not be qualified to offer the food of his God. u/r K^ nnT73n-'7Ki K'n^ k'? nn'nsn
22He may eat of the food of his God, of the most 1JK in •'\i7"ip)p-nK''7^n^ kî in nin-'n
holy as well as of the holy; 23but he shall not
:nu;^p?3 nin-"
enter behind the curtain or come near the altar,
-'7K1 1"'.Jn-'7K1 pHK-'^K r[VJ')2 ^51^1 24
for he has a defect. He shall not profane these
3 •.bi<.l\U^ '>2Tb2
places sacred to Me, for I the Lord have
sanctified them.
2-iThus Moses spoke to Aaron and his sons
and to all the Israelites.
99 The Lord
AÂ^
Aaron and
spoke to Moses, saydng: 2In-
his sons to be scrupulous
.i'ni<b nuj't2-bi< nin^ iniî J^
struct u/ipp ^'^n^'^ vJn-'^Ki prrK-'^K ini 2
about the sacred donations that the Israelite

•wip Di^TiK I'^^n^ k'71 '7K-it:;^-^jn
people consecrate to Me, lest they profane My
i^K 3 : nin^ ""JK ''b D-'\^'ip)p on "iu/k
holy name. Mine the Lord's. ^Say to them:
Throughout the ages, if any man among your

offspring, while in a state of uncleanness, par-
"'^nn nip^nu/K I
v;^K-b3 Dn^nni'?
takes of any sacred donation that the Israehte ""jn iu;"'ip:' lu/K iwiprT-'7K nnyiT
people may consecrate to the Lord, that person nrnnji vbv inKUUi r[)n^b bi<'iiu^,
shall be cut off fi'om before Me: I am the Lord. i:7''K4 :nin^ 'jk 'Js'^td Kinn wQjn
4No man of Aaron's offspring who has an erup- nj Ik yny Kim pnK vim ]ij^k
tion or a discharge'' shall eat of the sacred do-
c-c Or "mutilated or has a limb too long."
a See chapters 13 and 15.
257
TORAH LEVITICUS 22.4 emor -inK n3 K~lp''1 mm
nations until he is clean. If one touches anything vii'iirii "inu"' -iu;k iv b^K'' k^ b"'u;"ij?3
made unclean by a corpse, or if a man has an ^m'D KYnnu/K vj'>k Ik u/DrKnu-'?^^
emission of semen, ôr if a man touches any
vr ^^\^K
-b^:i u/^k-Ik'^ :yirnnDu;
swarming thing by which he is made unclean
nwK hiK^ Ik ib-KnuT iu/k y^p
or any human being by whom he is made
unclean — whatever his uncleanness — ^the per-
-van "i\z;k \ij^:<> :'iriKû ^^^ i'^'Knu^
-])2 ^b2K-> k'71 n-ivn-iv hktût iii
son who touches such shall be unclean until eve-
ning and shall not eat of the sacred donations KIT ' : D-')3Il nu/in yn-j-DK ^3 WiVJl^H
unless he has washed his body in water. 'As soon n-']ij-\^n-])2 b'DK"' "ifiKT nnuT u/nwn
as the sun sets, he shall be clean; and afterward
he may eat of the sacred donations, for they are -riK nnwT^ -.nrni ""Jk nn-nKDu"?
his food. 8He shall not eat anything that died
in inai Kun vbv iKt^^-kî ""riinu/p
or was torn by beasts, thereby becoming un-
clean: I am the Lord. '^They shall keep My
]rT3 n\^1n u/ip '^Dk^-kb' '^rb:2^ "'
charge, lest they incur guilt thereby and die tor
it, having committed profanation: I the Lord mp^-is ]ribi " :u;~F'i7 '73k-'-k'7 n^nu/T
consecrate them. irT"!! I'^b'') in b^K^ Kin lQp3 T|jp u/dj

'"No lay person shall eat of the sacred dona- n-jrin '3 ins-nni 12 :i)pn'?3 i^nk^ nn
tions. No bound or hired laborer of a priest shall Kb ""U^lji'n npnnn Kin nr vj^Kb
eat of the sacred donations; ' 'but a person who n:)2bK n^nn '3 °]ri3-n3i '3 :'73kn
is a priest's property by purchase may eat of
n^3-'7K nnifJT "nb yK y-in nii/n:^
them; and those that are born into his house-
'73kn r[^:^K nn'^n nniyj3 Vt-'3k
hold may eat of his food, 'îf a priest's daughter
-'3 u/iKi H :i3 '73k"'-k'7 "ir'^nT
marries a layman, she may not eat of the sacred
gifts; '-%ut if the priest's daughter is widowed vbv in-'i^Tpn c]piT nnpii wip bpK-'
or divorced and without offspring, and is back ^bb^l'' k^v^ : u/ipn-riK ]ri2b ]nji
in her father's house as in her youth, she may inn^nu/K riK '^Knw"' 'J3 •'u/Ti^-nK
eat of her father's food. No lay person may eat r[iQ\iJK i^v bniK iK^wm "^ •'r^'p^b
of it: ''but if a man eats of a sacred donation
niHT '73K3
>:k "IS Qn-'U/ni^-nK
unwittingly, he shall pay the priest for the sacred
3 :DU71i7>p
donation, adding one-fifth of its value. •-''But
13T'« -.^riKb nyj'-n-bK mn*' nnTii^
[ the priests] must not allow the Israelites to pro-
fane the sacred donations that they set aside for
'^K-ju;-' ^J3-'73 'bK^ v!l::l-bK^ pnK"'7K
the Lord, 'ôr to incur guilt requiring a penalty dh'^k ninKT
payment, by eating such sacred donations: for nArT-]m bK^^\u•< n^zup '\u^k u/^k
it is I the Lord who make them sacred. Dri-'i-[r'73yiJ3-)i7 nnpT i\uk bk-iw-^:^
i^The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: '^Speak
to Aaron and his sons, and to all the Israelite
people, and say to them:
When any man of the house of Israel or of
the strangers in Israel presents a burnt offering
258
TORAH LEVITICUS 22.32 'emor -inx nD K~lp''T n-nn
as his offering for any of the votive or any of

the freewill offerings that they offer to the Lord,
must, to be acceptable in your favor, be a

i9it
i<b um is—iu;k '73 20 : D^tynT a"'it^3ii
male without blemish, from cattle or sheep or
:nD^ n^n"' ]ly-j^ k'p"^3 "i^^^P^
goats. 20Y0U shall not offer any that has a defect,
r[)r[^b bi)pÛ7-nnT nnpi'-'B t:7''K"i2i
for it will not be accepted in your favor.
2iAnd when a man offers, from the herd or
the flock, a sacrifice of well-being to the Lord :l2i-n:^n"' ir['^, D''?pri
for an explicit^ vow or as a freewill offering, it Ik n^n^-lK ynri-iK mnu; lk n"iii;22
must, to be acceptable, be without blemish; nrn^b n^K innpn-K"? riD^p: Ik b-j^

there must be no defect in it. 22Anything bUnd,
or injured, or maimed, or with a wen, boil-scar,
nnij v^bp^ yntp niu) niu/i 23 rirn^b
—such you
:
or scurvy shall not offer to the Lord;

qiVKn 24 : rr^y K^ Tij^T inK nu/yji
you shall not put any of them on the altar as
nrn'^b innpn Kb nnDT piriJi n^nDT
offerings by fire to the Lord. 23You may, how-
ever, present as a freewill offering an ox or a Kb ni5r]n "fni 25 ; wvn Kb u2:^^k2)
sheep with a limb extended or contracted; but •a n^K-'^STp D2''rT'7K Dn'7-nK innpn
it will not be accepted for a vow. 24You shall not i:^")^ k^ ni nm bnn Dnnu;)p
offer to the Lord anything [with its testes]
bruised or crushed or torn or cut. You shall have

-ilU7 27 :i?pKV 'n\u''i2-bK mn^ "in-i"'"!26
no such practices'" in your own land, 25nor shall
nv:i\u n^rn ibv â ry-ix ni^D-lK
you accept such [animals] from a foreigner for
offering as food for your God, for they are mu-

riKbri) ^^r)2\ijr[ uvm 1)3k nnn n^p^
tilated, they have a defect; they shall not be ac-

-1K '^w^ 28 : ny[''b nfK ]î.\^b n^T
cepted in your favor. n'\]'2. lunu/ri i<b ib-nKT in'K nvj
26The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 27When :inK

an ox or a sheep or a goat is born, it shall stay DDly-i'? mn^^ niin-nnt innTn-'3i29
seven days with its mother, and from the eighth n^nln-k'p '^dk"' Kinn 01^530 :iniim
day on it shall be acceptable as an offering by
fire to the Lord. 28However, no animal from
\JK DiiK nn-'U/yi ""niyj? bn"i)3U7T3i
the herd or from the flock shall be slaughtered
on the same day with its young.

29When you sacrifice a thanksgiving offering
to the Lord, sacrifice it so that it may be ac-
ceptable in your favor. 30it shall be eaten on the

same day; you shall not leave any of it untU
morning: I am the Lord.
31Y0U shall faithfully observe My command-

ments: I am the Lord. 32You shall not profane
My holy name, that I may be sanctified in the
b Or "unspecified" or "extraordinary" ; meaning ofHeb. lephalle

uncertain,
c I.e., mutilations.
259
TORAH LEVITICUS 22.32 emor -inK 23 K1D'>^ rnin
midst of the Israelite people — I the Lord who

sanctify you, ?Î who brought you out of the land
of Eg)pt to be your God, I the Lord.
23 rhe Lord spoke to Moses, saying:

-Speak to the Israelite people and say to them: Dn'7K n-|)pKl 'bi<.-]p'> 'Jn-'^K -131
These are My fixed times, the fixed times of
the Lord, which you shall proclaim as sacred

occasions.
-'On six days work may be done, but on the
seventh day there shall be a sabbath of complete

rest, a sacred occasion. You shall do no work; n)n^b Kin n^w lu/yn i<b HDx'pn
it shall be a sabbath of the Lord throughout D : DDinnu/in V33

your settlements.
These are the set times of the Lord, the sa-
cred occasions, which you shall celebrate each
at its appointed time: -"În the first month, on

nrn u/in"? hv lU/y nwjpnni ^ : T^^p•'h
the fourteenth day of the month, at twilight,
nlYjp u^)2i nynu; mn""^ nlY)3ri in
there shall be a passover offering to the Lord,
f'and on the fifteenth day of that month the u/ip-KipD ]lWN-|n UV2- :^b2i<n
Lord's Feast of Unleavened Bread. You shall eat : wvn i<b npv n3K'7n-'73 U2b tt'ti''
unleavened bread for seven days. "On the first W'pl nynu; r^^r^^h hwk annipms
day you shall celebrate a sacred occasion: you n3K'77p-'73 U/lp-KlpTp ""'V^^n Dl"?
shall not work at your occupations. •''Seven days
you shall make offerings by fire to the Lord. The
seventh day shall be a sacred occasion: you shall
not work at your occupations.
Dn'pK n"i)pK"i bi^'W'' '',J3-'7K
''The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 'oSpeak
to the Israelite people and say to them: -iny-HK DJiKnni n-j^Yp-n^ nniypi
When you enter the land that I am giving to rj-'jrn 1
1 : ]n'3n-'7N ddtiyp ri''\:;x"i.
you and you reap its har\'est, you shall bring the nin)3?p a3JY"i'7 mn-" ^:^b inVn-nK
first sheaf of your harvest to the priest. '
He shall
DPS ]'D^^ 'i^^''^'' n^wn
'
DrT'tz/yii^
elevate the sheaf before the Lord for acceptance
lnji^-]3 D-'pn u;n3 "Dpyn-nx 3D''jn
in your behalf; the priest shall elevate it on the
day
D^nt:/:; •ju; inmp^ i' :nirT'^ nb'vh
after the sabbath. '-On the day that you el-
evate the sheaf, you shall offer as a burnt offering nn n-in-'^ nwK ]nw3 nb^bii nVu
to the Lord a lamb of the first year without
blemish. '-'The meal offering with it shall be
two-tenths of a measure of choice flour with oil
260
TORAH LEVITICUS 23.24 emor "IJ3K A3 K~lp"'1 min
mixed in, an offering by fire of pleasing odor '•X^nri ny-'ni \^,i_

lapji h^dji n'n-'j
to the Lord; and the libation with it shall be of

wine, a quarter of a hin. iÛntil that very day,
]3"!i7-nK D3K''nn ny n-fn Dl=;ri byi;
until you have brought the offering of your God,
you shall eat no bread or parched grain or fresh
ears;" it is a law for all time throughout the ages

in all your settlements.
isAnd from the day on which you bring the ynu7 nrnjnn "i)p'y-nK n^K^nn
sheaf of elevation offering —the day after the n"in?3>p ny 16 :nj"''irTn nb-'jpn nlnû;
sabbath —you shall count off seven weeks. They uv W'wrin napn ny^nii^n hnwn
must be complete: i^you must count until the '.nrn^b nu/in nnjp nrinnpm
day after the seventh week — fifty days; then you
HDijn Dn'7 I *iK^nn DD^nnu/Dap 17
shall bring an offering of new grain to the Lord.

i^'You shall bring from your settlements two
loaves of bread as an elevation offering; each
Dnnnpni is : nyi^b nnian nrDKn
shall be made of two-tenths of a measure of jn bp-'pn D^ti/iB nynu; n'pri-^y
choice flour, baked after leavening, as first fruits
to the Lord. i^With the bread you shall present, nyjK DrfspJi bnnjpT nin"'^ n^y
as burnt offerings to the Lord, seven yearling -i-'yur nn"'u;yii9 :mn"'^ n'nTnn
lambs without blemish, one bull of the herd, Jin Q-'ti/np ''JU71 riKun'7 ipK n''-Ty
and two rams, with their meal offerings and li-
I ]'r(:i'r[ ci^jrTi2o -.wr^bp nnr^ nw
bations, an offering by fire of pleasing odor to
''Jq'7 HEnjri Dnisnn nn^ ^b^ dhk
the Lord. i^You shall also offer one he-goat as
a sin offering and two yearling lambs as a
sacrifice of well-being, ôxhe priest shall elevate n-tn Dl'^n 1 aYyn anK-ipT2i :]n3^
these —the two lambs'' — together with the nDK'7)3-'73 wjb n^n*' Wip-Knpp
bread of first fruits as an elevation offering be- -'733 n'îy nj^n lu/yn i<b npy
fore the Lord; they shall be holy to the Lord, :n3^ri""ii'7 DD-innu/Da
for the priest. 21 On that same day you shall hold -i2vb ui?."?]! i<b
This is a law for all time in all your settlements,
throughout the ages.
D :np^n'7K mri''
22And when you reap the harvest of your land, -i.5'i24 t-ipK"? r[\u')2-bi<, mn^ inTl^s
you shall not reap all the way to the edges of jy^nwri U7in3 nnx^ bK'W'> ^):^'bK
your field, or gather the gleanings of your har- ]lnpT ]lnnu; b^^ n;^.?!^ \u'irib niiKn
vest; you shall leave them for the poor and the
stranger: I the Lord am your God.
23The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 24Speak
to the Israelite people thus: In the seventh
I.e., of the new crop. nWUl 'N V. 17.
Meaning oj Heb. uncertain.
261
TORAH LEVITICUS 23.24 emor -i)3K J3 i<~lp''T n-nn
month, on the first day of the month, you shall
observe complete rest, a sacred occasion com-

memorated with loud blasts. -'^You shall not
work at your occupations; and you shall bring

linK^? r[\LJ)2-bK mn^ i^TI^^
•qK27
an offering by fire to the Lord.
DnaBn nv n-in ''V"'nwnV~Tnb nitz/y^
-^The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: -''Mark,
the tenth day of this seventh month is the Day
of Atonement. It shall be a sacred occasion for •.nyi^b n\î<s annipni DD^ri'\z;DrnK
you: you shall practice self-denial, and you shall uvri DYvn iti/yji i<b 7T2i<br2-b2^ 2H
bring an offering by fire to the Lord; -«you shall u-j''b:j, -iQ?"? Kin nnSD Di^ ""^ nin
do no work throughout that day. For it is a Day 'u;Qin-'73 '3 29 :aD"'r1'7K nin"' i2^b
of Atonement, on which expiation made on
is
mn uvri D^yn niyn-K'p -i\z;k
your behalf before the Lord your God. 29in-
deed, any person who does not practice self-
denial throughout that day shall be cut off from
his kin; Ôand whoever does any work through-

: nipy n-i.i7.p Kinn u/Qjin-riK 'rn^Km
out that day, I will cause that person to perish b'piy nj?n wvn i<h n3Kb'p-'73 3i
from among his people. 3 1 Do no work whatever; niiu;32 : DD-irinu/b ^33 D3"'n'-!n^
it is a law for all time, throughout the ages in n3"'ri'\:73rnK nrr'^y'i 03^ Kin pnnu/
all your settlements. 32it shall be a sabbath of 3"iy-iy nnyjp 3-iy3 \u~(nb nyu/na
complete rest for you, and you shall practice
self-denial; on the ninth day of the month at
evening, from evening to evening, you shall ob-
serve this your sabbath.

13134 :iDKV nu;'j3-'7K mn^ "i3~i;'T33
ijpK"? bK'W'' ^J3-'7K
33The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: ^''Say to n-TH '"'y"'3\i;ri vj-inb uv nu;y n\i;nn3
the Israelite people: nv:^ 3? : mn^'? 'n^ nynu; nl3pn m
On the fifteenth day of this seventh month n"T3y n3K'7?3-'73 u/i'p-Knpn ]l\:;K"in
there shall be the Feast of Booths^ to the Lord,
n\i7K i3npn n^'p^ riy3\z; 3^ -.Muvn k"?
[to last] seven days, ^sjhe first day shall be a
njrr' Vip-K-ipp 'i"'>PV^n Di's nyi^b
sacred occasion: you shall not work at your oc-
Kin nn;^y nin""^ r[\uK nnnnpni d3^
cupations; -'*^seven days you shall bring offerings
by fire to the Lord. On the eighth day you shall
.WVn i<b 7Ti'2V n3K'7?p-'73
observe a sacred occasion and bring an offering

by fire to the Lord; it is a solemn gathering:'' DJiK iKipn-~i\z;K nin"" ""lyln ribK^'
you shall not work at your occupations. nVy niTT'b ri^K nnpn"? wip ""Kii???
:inl"'3 Dp-nm D''3DJi n3T nmni

s^Those are the set times of the Lord that you
shall celebrate as sacred occasions, bringing
offerings by fire to the Lord —burnt offerings.
f Others "Tabernacles.
d Precise meaning of Heb. 'aêreth uncertain.
TORAH LEVITICUS 24.4 emor iMx 13 K1p'>^ min
meal offerings, sacrifices, and libations, on each

day what is proper to it — 38apart from the sab- -'73 HnVpT b3"'-i.ir'73 in'pTpi
baths of the Lord, and apart from your gifts and
from all your votive offerings and from all your
freewill offerings that you give to the Lord.
39Mark, on the fifteenth day of the seventh

month, when you have gathered in the yield of
your land, you shall observe the festival of the

Lord [to last] seven days: a complete rest on yv n5 ]1\i7K"!ri uv:^ whb nni7î4o
the first day, and a complete rest on the eighth
40On the first day you shall take the product
day.
aD"'rT'7K nin'' ''i^b nrinjpu/T bm
of hadar'^ branches of palm boughs
trees,
of leafy/trees, and willows of the brook, and you

trees,
nrn'^b m in'K amn'i4i -.wrii nvnu;
shall rejoice before the Lord your God seven

DD^nniyD^li; njpn mwn n^p^ rivnuj
days. 4iYou shall observe it as a festival of the
n'3p3 42 nn'K ^mn "'ynii/n u/inn
Lord for seven days in the year; you shall ob- b'Knu;:'^ n"iTKri-'73 n^pi nvnu; nu/n
serve it in the seventh month as a law for all time, "n3''n''iT ivT îV'?'?^-^ :n'3D5 nu/T
throughout the ages. 42You shall live in booths bk'w-' ""jn-riK ^'rinuîn niijDn ""a
seven days; all citizens in Israel shall live in

mn;' 'Jk anyjp y-iKn nniK ^K"'yln2i
booths, 43in order that future generations may
:n'2''ribK
know that I made the Israelite people live in
''J3-'7K mn^ ny'n-riK nvj')2 nn"["'i44
booths when I brought them out of the land of
3 : bi(.'^\L7''
Egypt, I the Lord your God.
44So Moses declared to the Israelites the set
times of the Lord.
24 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: : ipK^ nu;')3-'7K mni nniî I ^

2Command the Israelite people to bring you ])2U7 •q"'^K inp"'! bk'^p'! "'JBTik iy^
clear oil of beaten olives for lighting, for kin-
dling lamps regularly. 3Aaron shall set them up

^'T^V.1 "TVlJ^ brii<.:^ îvn riDns^Y^'^'? ^
in the Tent of Meeting outside the curtain of

the Pact [to burn] from evening to morning be-
fore the Lord regularly; it is a law for all time
^7^4 : 3''ri'"ii'7 b'ly n^n Tpn
throughout the ages. 4He shall set up the lamps •js^ nlnjrrriK ii'-ii;^ nnnun niJi^rr
on the pure" lampstand before the Lord [to
burn] regularly.
e Others "goodly"; exact meaning of Heb. hadar uncertain.

"
Traditionally the product is understood as "citron.
/ Meaning of Heb. aboth uncertain.
a See note at Exod. 31.8.
263
TORAH LEVITICUS 24.5 emor "inK ID K"lp"'T n-nn
5You shall take choice flour and bake of it
twelve loaves, two-tenths of a measure for each :nnKn nVnn n'^ri'^ D^hu/i; ^""jw nl^n
loaf. ^Place them on the pure" table before the
\u\p nlDni/n Q^"!^ J^^^>
^"^^P
Lord in two rows, six to a row. ''With each row
you shall place pure frankincense, which is to

nn^m nat r\pb nîvizri-bv nnjv
be a token offering'' for the bread, as an offering
by fire to the Lord. '^He shall arrange them be-
fore the Lord regularly every sabbath day — it
np"' '>)^b 13.31V,^ n:iwn uv:i nn\Fn
is a commitment for all time on the part of the
Israelites. '^They shall belong to Aaron and his Dlp)p3 in'pDKi vhb^ firtK'? nn^rn v
sons, who shall eat them in the sacred precinct;
for they are his as most holy things from the

D :D^ly-pn mn-"
Lord's offerings by fire, a due for all time.
u/'JiS'l^ Kim n'l^Kiti;"' n\i7K-]ii ky"! 10

lOThere came out among the Israelites one
whose mother was Israelite and whose father

]2i n2nm iy^""! bi<,-]\u'< \n "qinn nY)2
was Eg^'ptian. And a fight broke out in the camp -]3 Ip^f" :"''7K-iu;p u/iKT n"''7];<"iU;='n
between that half-Israelite'^ and a certain Isra-
elite. "The son of the Israelite woman pro- n-'Y^bw l^K niyi n\u'n-bK in'K iK^nî
nounced the Name in blasphemy, and he was
-ip\^)35 inrT'^:'"! 12 :]-i-nyn'7 nni-nn
brought to Moses — now his mother's name was
Q :mn"' ^^-bv urib ^'-i^b
Shelomith daughter of Dibri of the tribe of
— i2and he was placed KYin 14 •.'i'i2Kb nu;n-'7K mn^ iniî 13
Dan in custody, until the
13X301 T^:n^3b Yina-'7K bbp_-nr\-riK
decision of the Lord should be made clear to
them. WKi'b); annrriK wv'nMJri-b^
'Ând the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: : n-]yrT-'73 in"K inni

i-JTake the blasphemer outside the camp; and \y"'K i)?K^ -inin bK-]p^, ^)^'bi<,'] 15
let all who were within hearing lay their hands :lKun KtpjT vribi<. bb^?''-^^ u/'ik
upon his head, and let the whole community

-i^Dn"" Din nrpv nin nin^-Du; '^p:^ i^
stone him.
Duz-mpjii niTK3 13^3 nnvrr'â i^
'?And to the Israelite people speak thus: An-
yone who blasphemes his God shall bear his
guilt; '6if he also pronounces the name Lord,

he shall be put to death. The whole community nnn u;d3 h^dî^'' nTpnn-u/aj nani is
shall stone him; stranger or citizen, ifhc has thus in-'Dyii Di)3 in^-^B w^kt 1^ :\:7DJ
pronounced the Name, he shall be put to death. nnn in^^-" -.^b nu/v;' p nwy ~iu;k3
'Îf anyone kills any human being, he shall
be put to death. '«One who kills a beast shall
make restitution for it: life for life. '"Îf anyone

maims his fellow, as he has done so shall it be
b See Lev. 2.2. •n-'TT fvum ;n^2c

"
c Lit. 'the ion of an Israelite woman.
264
—
TORAH LEVITICUS 25.10 be-har -inn n3 i<^\p^>^ min
done to him: 20fracture for fracture, eye for eye,
tooth for tooth. The injury he inflicted on an- n3)pT2i :in ]nji ]3 niK3 hm ]n'>
other shall be inflicted on him. 21 One who kills
a beast shall make restitution for it; but one who

nnTK3 -iA3 wjb n^n^ hriK uQU7)p22
kills a human being shall be put to death. 22Y0U
:n3''ri'7K mn^ 'Jk ""b n^ri''
shall have one standard for stranger and citizen
M<.^''^v^ '"bK•^p^ ^)^'b^ n\^n -inn;'"! 23
alike: for I the Lord am your God.
23Moses spoke thus to the Israelites. And they
took the blasphemer outside the camp and niY n\^K3 Mbv bK'ip-'r^n^ ]nK in'K
pelted him with stones. The Israelites did as the Q :nu7'n-nK mn"'
Lord had commanded Moses.
^^ BE-HAR
/^<^ The Lord Mount
spoke to Moses on 'rp -iri3 n\i7')3-'7K np:' "inn'î I
Sinai: 2Speak to the Israelite people and say to n-ipKT ^bK'W'> ''n-bK "I5'i2 ny^^b
them:
When you enter the land that I assign to you,
the land shall observe a sabbath of the Lord.
\ijp 3 : nrn^b nnu; V"!.Kri nnnu/i np^
3Six years you may sow your field and six years
you may prune your vineyard and gather in the

nnrri a\ju; u;u;i ^nu; ynm ww
yield. ''But in the seventh year the land shall have
nj\i7ni4 :nnKnri-nK napKi "^wns
a sabbath of complete rest, a sabbath of the n^vj y-iK^ n^rr"' înnu; nnu; nv"'3\irri
Lord: you shall not sowyour field or prune your :ijpm Kb ^Pi3i ynin Kb ^"^liu nyi^b
vineyard. SYou shall not reap the aftergrowth 'n^vriKT ilypn i<b '"^n^^p n-'pp nx 5
of your harvest or gather the grapes of your un-
n^rri pniiu/ nw iYnn Kb "^yn
trimmed vines; it shall be a year of complete rest
DD^ y-iKH niiu; nn^nf^ -.y^Kb
for the land. ^But you may eat whatever the land
^T^y^pb) '^n)2Kb) "ji^ny'pT ^^ n^pK^
during its sabbath will produce —you, your
male and female slaves, the hired and bound la-
borers who live with you, ând your cattle and nnKinn-'73 ypn '^^îk3 nu/K ynb)
the beasts in your land may eat all its yield.
8Y0U shall count off seven weeks of years yn\^ wivj nnnu; v:i\u '^b nisois
seven times seven years — so that the period of
ynu; ^'jp''
i\b vm D^pys ynu; u'>:\lj
seven weeks of years gives you a total of forty-

:r[i\LJ u''v:îK) vpn Dî^Fn nnnu;
nine years. ^Then you shall sound the horn
lynii^n \£7inii nynri nsiu; AlPi^ri") 9
loud; in the seventh month, on the tenth day
of the month —the Day of Atonement—you
shall have the horn sounded throughout your riK nriu/ipTio : nDyiK"'^;'^ nsi^:/
land "'and you shall hallow the fiftieth year. You

shall proclaim release" throughout the land for
a Others "liberty."
265
TORAH LEVITICUS 25.10 be-har -inn n3 K"lj7"'T min
all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee'' for you: n2b n;'nn Kin b2.v ri"'n\y''-'73^ ynK^
each of you shall return to his holding and each
of you shall return to his family. 'That fiftieth
innsu/n
'
n^Mj Kin '7nl"'ii :inu7n

year shall be a jubilee for you: you shall not sow,
lynrn Kb U2b rrûn n2\u uw)2r\ri
neither shall you reap the aftergrowth or harvest
nynn iib"] n^'mpp-riK nvpn kbi
the untrimmed vines, '-for it is a jubilee. It shall
may only eat the growth di-

n';'ur\ wip K-]n b;iv •'sj^ :rTnTrnK
be holy to you: you
rect from the field.
:nriKnn-nK ^b2i<n r[i}ur[-])2 d3^
'Mn this year of jubilee, each of you shall re- -bK U7"'K nu/n jik'th b:ivr[ nju/n'^
turn to his holding. '-iWhen you sell property '!\n->'i2vb napjp nann-'pi 14 :iriTnK
to your neighbor,"^^ or buy any from your neigh- -riK u/^K ijin-'^K 'Jiri"')pi7 to njj7 Ik
bor, you shall not wrong one another. '5In buy-
njpn '7n1''rnnKb"'j\f;-i3pm '5 :T'nK
ing from your neighbor, you shall deduct only
nan'' n'Kuri-'JU7 nsppn ^ri"'pi^ riKW
for the number of years since the jubilee; and
injpn nnnri n^jii^n In 1 ^pb^^ -.^b
in selling to you, he shall charge you only for
the remaining crop years: '^the more such years, "s inji?)? v^v-nn wiiwri uVn '•D'pi
the higher the price you pay; the fewer such iJin Kb) 1"
:^b "i3>3 Kin n'Kuri ispn
years, the lower the price; for what he is selling JK ""a ^\n'7K)3 nKTT irTiny-nK \:;''k
you is a number of harvests. I'Do not wrong :nD-'ri'7K nin""

one another, but fear your God; for I the Lord lUQu/pTiKT ""nprrriK brriu/i^"! is
am your God.
nnu/n
-'717 annu/^T nn'K arr't/yi
'^You shall observe My laws and faithfully
nna Vikh njnjv^^ •^^^)' Vl^'?
keep My rules, that you may live upon the land
in security;
'
'^the land shall yield its fruit and you
•.'r['>bv npn^ nnîu^"'). ^"^^^b an'ppKi
shall eat your till, and you shall live upon it in nynii^n m\i^? "rpKrHJ? npK'n 'di 20
security. ôAnd should you ask, "What are we :ijnKnn-nK iq'pKJ Kb) vnp k'? ]n
to eat in the seventh year, if we may neither sow nj\i7n wjb inD-13-nK ^nîYiî
nor gather in our crops?" 2 'I will ordain My bles- \ub\i)b nKinnn-riK ntf/yi n^mn
sing for you in the sixth year, so that shall yield
it
nrwwn r^wri riK Dnvin:; :D"'j\i7n
a crop sufficient for three years. 22When you sow
r[^\LJr[ I ny ]\ui nKinnri-]n Dn'^DKi
in the eighth year, you will still be eating old
: ]\Lii i^pkn nriKinn kI^-iv nyû/nrr
grain of that crop; you will be eating the old until
the ninth year, until its crops come in.

'^-'3 nrijpy'? n^Jpn Kb Y^Kn)'-^
-^But the land must not be sold beyond re- •.^~\}2V unK D^nu;lm nnrâ VIkh
claim, for the land is Mine; you are but strangers ijnn n'v'Ki Q^nrnK y"iK Vd^tm
resident with Me. -•'Throughout the land that D
you hold, you must provide for the redemption KIT in-triK)? iDDT "q^nK Tiin^-'3 25
of the land.
:rnK nsDD HK bk^^ t''7k nii^n ^bK^
-5If your kinsman is in straits and has to sell
part of his holding, his nearest redeemer' shall
b Hcb. yobcl, "ram" or "ram'i horn."

c I.e., fellow liraelile; tee v. 46.
d I.e.. the cloien relative able to redeem the land.

TORAH LEVITICUS 25.38 be-har nnn n3 K"lp'''T min
come and redeem what his kinsman has sold.
26If a man has no one to redeem for him, but "juz-riK h\i7m27 :iriVK^ ns k™
prospers and acquires enough to redeem with,
27he shall compute the years since its sale, re-
hkyw-k'p dk") 28 : in-TiiK'? nipi i'p-iDp
fund the difference to the man to whom he sold
it, and return to his holding. 28if he lacks
nu/i bi"^ KYî '7;il''n nju; iv in'K
sufficient means to recover it, what he sold shall
remain with the purchaser until the jubilee; in
the jubilee year it shall be released, and he shall
return to his holding. wpi inBJpp nw D'n-ii7 in^Ka nn^ni

man sells a dwelling house in a walled
29If a
"TV '?i<^;'"^:'p Di<13o ^'ir'^^^ ^''Jl^
city, it may be redeemed until a year has elapsed
jTiiri npi n)p"')pri mu; ^l'? mibr:
since its sale; the redemption period shall be a
year. 30If it is not redeemed before a full year
has elapsed, the house in the walled city shall

-.b:!"^ ky;' k"? vri'iib in'K npb
pass to the purchaser beyond reclaim through- njpn DH^-T'K nu7K nnynn •'rini3i
out the ages; it shall not be released in the ju- n^KA :iyjw ynxn rrip-bv n-inD
bilee. 31 But houses in villages that have no en- riii nî^n ny") 32 ; ^2^^ b;i^'2'] ^b-n-'rin
circling walls shall be classed as open country: ''°'!.)bb n^nn n^ly n'^KA an-TriK ny
they may be redeemed, and they shall be re-
--i3)3p KY^'i Dî^rr-jp ^b^r "iu;xT33
leased through the jubilee. 32As for the cities of
n.y ""nn ""3 b;i'>-^ iJ?-in>< '^^V) ^l?
the Levites, the houses in the cities they
bK-w"! '>n "qinn nnrnK xin aî^n
hold —the Levites shall forever have the right
:
of redemption. 33t' Such property as may be re-

"a "13)3^ k^ ^V^.^ ^^.^^ nn\z7T34
deemed from the Levites — houses sold in a city D :urib Kin nîy riTiiK
they hold — shall be released through the jubi- qjpy n^ nuipi "^tik 'qi)o^"'3i35
lee; for the houses in the cities of the Levites are -bK36 :i^)2y -"ni 3u;ini nA 13 npinm
their holding among the Israelites. 34But the un-
enclosed land about their cities cannot be sold,
for that is their holding for all time.

]rin-k'7 n''3-i}33T "qu/js l"? irin'k'p
35If your kinsman, being in straits, comes un-
-'^\^K n3"'rf'7K nin:" 'JK38 :"^^;3K
der your authority, and you hold him as though
nnb' W'l'î? n^'? °J?^^ '^^.¥in
a resident alien, let him live by your side: 36<io
not exact from him advance or accrued interest,-/ 03^ rivn'? ]yj3 V"!K"riK b3^
but fear your God. Let him live by your side as D : ''n'7K'7
your kinsman. 37Do not lend him your money
at advance interest, or give him your food at ac-
crued interest. 3^1 the Lord am your God, who
brought you out of the land of Egypt, to give
you the land of Canaan, to be your God.
e Meaning offirst half of verse uncertain,
f I.e., interest deducted in advance, or interest added at the time

of repayment.
267
TORAH LEVITICUS 25.39 be-har -inn na ]<~lp"'T mm
?'Îf your kinsman under you continues in
straits and must give himself over to you, do

not subject him to the treatment of a slave. "r'nv;" Vn'^n nju;-tv ^jpv n^.n"'
:'1)3V
40He shall remain with you as a hired or bound
:i\LJ'] l^v T'Jîi în I'pVP ^V?"!^'
laborer; he shall serve wath you only until the
:2Wi vnnK nTnK-'7Ki ijnn9u;)p-'7K
jubilee year. ''Then he and his children wîth
nn'K TiKYln—1U7K nn "'inv""'? ^
him shall be free of your authority; he shall go
back to his family and return to his ancestral :inv rinaTpn n3?3i k^ nn^n ynxn
holding. — ^-For they are My servants, whom I :"^"'r1'7Kn nKy^ ti-|Q3 ln n"i-)n-k'7 43
freed from the land of Egypt; they may not give

themselves over into servitude. — âyou shall inv ijpn ann DD^nninD -i\z;k umn
not rule over him ruthlessly; you shall fear your
anan "'nu/inn ''hri D^f45 •.7]'t2i<,^
God. ^-JSuch male and female slaves as you may

-IU7K bnn3U7)3m iipn nn?? bnipv
have — it is from the nations round about you
that you may acquire male and female slaves.
45You may also buy them from among the chil-

dren of aliens resident among you, or from their Dnn ub'vb n-TiiK n\^nb' nnnnK
families that are among you, whom they begot \ij'>i<. bi<.-w''-'>2:i DD^riKm nnyn
in your land. These shall become your property:
''^you may keep them as a possession for your ^nK "^m "^m hu;lni nji ti rti^n 'pi 47
children after you, for them to inherit as prop-
1-pvb Ik "^rpv bu/lFi "^^b "13)3JT i?2V
erty for all time. Such you may treat as slaves.
-n^nri nVx^ "isjpj nnx -^^ -.
ia nnsu;n
But as for your Israelite kinsmen, no one shall
rule ruthlessly over the other.
^Îf a resident alien among you has prospered,

and your kinsman being in straits, comes under : 'tkajt n^ npti/n-lN '\^bK^'> innau/ân
his authority and gives himself over to the res- IV ^b i~i3)2n njw73 injp-ay niyni 50
ident alien among you, or to an offshoot of an "isonn insnn 1^03 n'yr\) b^^r} nju;
alien's family, '**he shall have the right of re-
niv-DK?! :l?3i; n-'n*' "T'3tz; 'p"'3 uîiw
demption even after he has given himself over.
ciD3n in^KA :i''pi ]'ri''^b D^piz^n nl3i
One of his kinsmen shall redeem him, •''ôr his
uncle or his uncle's son shall redeem him, or

anyone of his family who is of his own flesh shall
redeem him; or, if he prospers, he may redeem
himself. ?"He shall compute with his purchaser
the total from the year he gave himself over to
him until the jubilee year; the price of his sale

shall be applied to the number of years, as
though it were for a term as a hired laborer un-

der the other's authority. ^'If many years re-
main, he shall pay back for his redemption in

«
TORAH LEVITICUS 26.9 be-hukkotai Tipni 13 K"i[7"'T min
proportion to his purchase price; 52and if few -nv D-'Jii/s "1KU7J uvn-DKi52 :irijpn
years remain until the jubilee year, he shall so
compute: he shall make payment for his re-
demption according to the years involved. 53He

shall be under his authority as a laborer hired
v^:l^ Kin b'^^ri nju/s Kyî n y-Kî '7Ka;'
by the year; he shall not rule ruthlessly over him
in your sight. 54lf he has not been redeemed in
any of those ways, he and his children with him nnyjp yiKn nniK 'nKYin-nu/K nn
shall go free in the jubilee year, sspor it is to Me :n3Tt'7K mn'' ^jk
that the Israelites are servants: they are My ser-
vants, whom I freed from the land of Egypt,
I the Lord your God.
26 You shall not make idols for yourselves, ^7051 nb'>bi<. WDb wvn-i<b l«J
or set up for yourselves carved images or pillars,
or place figured" stones in your land to worship Kb

ri^bv ri^nnvjrib ddyik^ ^JJÔ
upon, for I the Lord am your God. 2You shall
"nhnuz-nKi :DD''rT'7K mn^ ^jk ""b
keep My sabbaths and venerate My sanctuary.
Mine, the Lord's.
BE-HUKKOTAI
3If you follow My laws and faithfully observe nni^ri ""nivpTiKT ^•2bT\ npnn-nKs
My commandments, 41 will grant your rains in DJiv:;! D;?"''3m 'rinji4 :nnK arT'u;i;i
their season, so that the earth shall yield its pro-
]n^ nnti/n yvT nîn^ Vl.^C^ '^.^n^l
duce and the trees of the field their fruit. SYour
threshing shall overtake the vintage, and your
v%^b bsTpn"? nri^^KT vnrnK Pt^;-
vintage shall overtake the sowing; you shall eat
:nDy"iK5 nun^ tDJnîu;^)
your fill of bread and dwell securely in your
land. ]"'K'i nnîDU/T ynxii h\bvj ^nniY
61 will grant peace in the land, and you shall y"iKri-])3 ny-j n^n "nni^ni nnnjp
lie down untroubled by anyone; I will give the nriQiiT' :DDY"iKn "inyrTK^ nnp)
land respite from vicious beasts, and no sword nnn'7 dd-'js^ ^b^y\ Dp-'n^K-nK
shall cross your land. ''You shall give chase to
D|))p HKnT HKn h\F)pn Dsp iDnni
your enemies, and they shall fall before you by
n^-'jQ^ 0.3"'?;''^ i^DJi ID"!"!"' nnn"!
the sword, spive of you shall give chase to a hun-
: nnn^
dred, and a hundred of you shall give chase to
ten thousand; your enemies shall fall before you

3nK TinDm u^-^bK 'n''jQT9
by the sword.
91 will look with favor upon you, and make
a Meaning of Heb. maskith uncertain.
269
TORAH LEVITICUS 26.9 be-hukkotai Tipnn 13 K"lp"'T mm
you fertile and multiply you; and I will maintain

My covenant with you. "'You shall eat old grain •JSn ]\LJ1) ]U;1J ]\U1 Dn^DKT "j : DDJIK
long stored, and you shall have to clear out the :iK"'în win
old to make room for the new.
'7y:iri-k'pi aspirin ^J3u;n ^nnjv'
'
' I will establish My abode in your midst, and
I will not spurn you. '-I will be ever present in
your midst: I will be your God, and you shall
he My people. 'M the Lord am your God who nu7K ^Tl'pK npi ""JKi-^ -.uvb
brought you out from the land of the Egyptians n'-TTp nnyw n^P ^?^^ '-nKYin
to be their slaves no more, who broke the bars
of your yoke and made you walk erect.
'"iBut if you do not obey Me and do not ob-

riK ^^vn kî ^b ivnu/n k'7-dki 14
serve all these commandments, i-îf you reject
My laws and spurn My rules, so that you do not

observeall My commandments and you break
DDU/QJ bvm 'usu/D-riK dkt iDK^n
My covenant, 'Î in turn will do this to you: DDnQn'? 'niyp-'73-nK nwv ''nb:ib
I will wreak misery upon you— ''consumption

and fever, which cause the eyes to pine and the nsnii/n-riK ribri:^ D3"''7y "•nipDni
body to languish; you shall sow your seed to no
purpose, for your enemies shall eat it. '"i will
: 3"'n"''K m'pDKI DDVIT pîb DnviTT
set My face against you: you shall be routed by
your enemies, and your foes shall dominate you.
You shall flee though none pursues.
'**And if, for all that, you do not obey Me, I
D :n3riK
will go on to discipline you sevenfold for your '"nDDî ^b ^v^^2\Lj^ i<b nbk-iv-UK') is
sins, '"ând I will break your proud glory. I will :D3''riKun-'7y ynu; n^riK n~jD^^
make your skies like iron and your earth like
copper, 20so that your strength shall be spent

:nu;n33 DDY-iK-riNi bn'23 n:^^'nvj
to no purpose. Your land shall not yield its pro-
b^y-iK inn-k'pi D3D3 pn^ QpTô
duce, nor shall the trees of the land yield their
:inEi ]n'' i<b ynkn yvi n^n^-nK
fruit.
2iAnd if you remain hostile toward Me and inkn Kî ni? '')3V ^3^n-DKVi
refuse to obey Me, I will go on smiting you sev- vnu; nijn bn-'by ""riQuî ''b v'nûb
enfold for your sins, ^-l will loose wild beasts n^n-riK nia Tin'pu/m :- : D3"'nK'un3
against you, and they shall bereave you of your -riK nnn^m d^dk nb3]u^ mu/n
children and wipe out your cattle. They shall
decimate you, and your roads shall be deserted.

-Ând if these things fail to discipline you for
iDy DnD'^m ''7 nDin i<b n^kn-nkT 23
Me, and you remain hostile to Me, 241 too will
b Precise nature of these itls is uncertain.

TORAH LEVITICUS 26.37 be-hukkotai •'npnn i3 K1p''1 min
remain hostile to you: I in turn will smite you

sevenfold for your sins. 251 will bring a sword -bv V2VJ ''JK^DJ b^HK 'nâm
against you to wreak vengeance for the cove-
nnii ui:^bv "'nKnm25 :nDinKun
nant; and if you withdraw into your cities, I will
3ny-'7K nnQpKJT nnn-npj nu^?:
send pestilence among you, and you shall be de-
livered into enemy hands. 26When I break your
staff of bread, ten women shall bake your bread iQKf bn^-nu)? ^D3^ '"i;i^:;i26 :niiK
in a single oven; they shall dole out your bread

by weight, and though you eat, you shall not iib) nri'73Ki b\?m:i Q^pn^
be satisfied. D : mpn
27But if, despite this, you disobey Me and re-
main Me, you

hostile to 281 will act against in
-npnn n2m ^np^nvs o-ij^s ip^
wrathful hostility; I, for My part, will discipline
-bv ynu; ""JK-tqis bsn^ 'nnD'î ng
you sevenfold for your sins. 29You shall eat the
np-'n nu;^ nn'73K"!29 :aD"'nKun
flesh of your sons and the flesh of your daugh-
ters. 301 will destroy your cult places and cut "nipu/n"! 30 :i'7pKn Dninjn "iwni
down your incense stands, and I will heap your n3''3)3n-nK '"'nipni ni^n'pii-nK
carcasses upon your lifeless fetishes. D3'''7i'7A "'"i.:3ia"'7V n3n^3-nK^''nnj'i
I wiU spurn you. 3il will lay your cities in ruin nK "'nnji3i :DDnK û;qj ^b^^")
and make your sanctuaries desolate, and I will
DD-'U/ipp-nK ''nl)3\^m niinn bnnv
not savor your pleasing odors. -^21 will make the
'n'?2u;m32 :DDn'rT'j nni nnx Kb)
land desolate, so that your enemies who settle
Di'in^K h^bv ippuî ynKPi-nK •'Jk
in it shall be appalled by it. 33And you I will scat-
ter among the nations, and I will unsheath the

n^ln nn.TK bDnKT33 :nn D"'n\^"='n
sword against you. Your land shall become a b^ynK nn:'rn nnn Q^nnK '"npnni
desolation and your cities a ruin.
34Then shall the land make up for its sabbath 73 n''nn3U7"nK yiKn nynn "tk34
years throughout the time that it is desolate and TK a3"'i^'K y-iKn DriKT n)a\Fn 'p;'
you are in the land of your enemies; then shall

: n"'nhnu7-nK nyini y^kri nnu/n
the land rest and make up for its sabbath years.
-i<b -1U7K nK nnu/n n)3wn ''p'''b^ 35
35Throughout the time that it is desolate, it shall
:ri"'^y nDn;i\^n n^^nhnu/n nnnu;
observe the rest that it did not observe in your
sabbath years while you were dwelling upon it.
Dn:i^5 ^'^'ip ""riKnrii nbn anKif/ini 36
36As for those of you who survive, I will cast a nbv b^p nn'K tî-jT n-'i^K nynKi?
faintness into their hearts in the land of their :iq'in ]''K) ^b^;^ n-in-npjn idjt ^"hi
enemies. The sound of a driven leaf shall put
them to flight. Fleeing as though from the ^2^b nbv^ °?^ '^^.'7^"^'^') V^
sword, they shall fall though none pursues.
37With no one pursuing, they shall stumble over
one another as before the sword. You shall not
be able to stand your ground before your en-
271
TORAH LEVITICUS 26.37 be-hukkotai Tipnn 13 K"lp"'T n-iin
emies, •''sbut shall perish among the nations; and

the land of your enemies shall consume you. :aD"'n"'K yiK nbriK
^'^Those of you who survive shall be heartsick
over their inic]uity in the land of your enemies;
-.^^131 nriK nnnK n'Jivii c]ki ^'n^K
more, they shall be heartsick over the iniquities
nnnK py'riKi bjiy-riK Tiinniw
of their fathers; 'Oand they shall confess their
iniquity and the iniquity of their fathers, in that
they trespassed against Me, yea, were hostile to

np3 b^y "I'^K 'JK-c]K4i inj^n mv
Me. ""When I, in turn, have been hostile to them TK-iK ri"'niK yiKn nn'K TiNnm
and have removed them into the land of their : DJiy-riK iî"' TKi b-iVT) ann^ yb""
enemies, then at last shall their obdurate^ heart -riK c]Kl ^"ii?i^? 'rT'in-riK ''n"!3n42
humble itself, and they shall atone for their in-
nrnnK 'nnn-riK ^ki pn^"" "'^nn
iquity. '-Then My covenant
will I remember
with lacob; will remember also My covenant
I
-riK Y'^n^ nnn nryn Y~'^'71"'-^

with Isaac, and also My covenant with Abra-
ham; and I will remember the land.

-riK lY"!'' nrn nnn nipu/nn n^nnnu;
'-''For the land shall be forsaken of them, mak-
ing up for its sabbath years by being desolate nKrDrt^Ki'14 :dwqj n'7i7a ""n'pn
of them, while they atone for their iniquity; for

the abundant reason that they rejected My rules DJiK •rT'-i^ "ipn'p nn^D"? b^n'^v^-k'?!
and spurned My laws. •''Yet, even then, when
nb' ^niDTvi? :Dnv'^>^ nin^ ijk '3
they are in the land of their enemies, I will not
briK-TiKyln nu/K d^j'u/ki nnn
reject them or spurn them so as to destroy them,
annulling My covenant with them: for I the
an^ n-'H^ n^lAn ^pvb nnyp y-iK)p
Lord am their God. ''''I will remember in their
favor the covenant with the ancients, whom I
freed from the land of Egypt in the sight of the h-i1nrn "n-'UQU7}3rn a-iprin n^N46
nations to be their God: I, the Lord. -iHB '7K-iu;t -in yini li^n r[}rT>, ]nj iu/k
"^These are the laws, rules, and instructions

that the Lord established, through Moses on
Mount Sinai, between Himself and the Israelite
people.

2Speak to the Israelite people and say to them:
When anyone explicitly" vows to the Lord the
equivalent for a human being, 'the following

n2UJ Dnu/v i^n "i>Tn ^3-iy n-inv'
scale shall apply: If it is a male from twenty to
f Olhen "uncircumascJ"; lit. "htockcd.
a Cf. note at Lev. 22.21.

TORAH LEVITICUS 27.17 be-hukkotai Tipnn T3 K'^p^>^ min
sixt)^ years of age, the equivalent is fifty shekels iii^nn "â-iy hmi r[i\u d^to-]^ nyi
of silver by the sanctuary weight; ''if it is a female, nnpraK")-! :uîi?ri bp,p:i r|p3 b\p]ij
the equivalent is thirty shekels. 5If the age is from
uk)5 .b\;i]ij n''u;'Û7 ;]3-iy n-ini xin
five years to twenty years, the equivalent is
twent)' shekels for a male and ten shekels for a

D"'b'i7\f7 Dnt^y -i^-Tn T]3-ii; n-ini
female. Îf the age is from one month to five
years, the equivalent for a male is five shekels

U7in-]n)p DKi 6 :
''7i7U7 nnt^y nnj7^î
of silver, and the equivalent for a female is three nStri ''^3-ii; n-im u''^^j vjrin-]^ hvi
shekels of silver. "If the age is sixty years or over,
the equivalent is fifteen shekels in the case of a

male and ten shekels for a female. ^But if one
cannot afford the equivalent, he shall be pre-
sented before the priest, and the priest shall as-
sess him; the priest shall assess him according
to what the vower can afford.
'Îf [the vow concerns] any animal that may D : ]ri3n i:i3ny: iiiin i\ rii/n
be brought as an offering to the Lord, any such ]iiii7 m?3p unp^ i\i7K n?pn3-DKi9
that may be given to the Lord shall be holy. TTp^b *^mri ]n^ lu/x ''b'3 nrn^b
lOQne may not exchange or substitute another '^^r2yi<b^ '\îi^bni_ k'710 :\i;ip-'r[^'n^^
for it, either good for bad, or bad for good; if
i?3n-DKi niu3 yi/iK y-]3 3iu iriK
one does substitute one animal for another, the
thing vowed and its substitute shall both be
holy, iilf [the vow concerns] any unclean an-

imal that may not be brought as an offering to ]3"!i7
m73^ innpi-k'? nis/K HKnu
the Lord, the animal shall be presented before
the priest, i-and the priest shall assess it.
Whether ^'high or low,-^' whatever assessment
is set by the priest shall stand; i

-''and if he wishes
:'^3"!y-'7V inur-'un qpî n|'7KP
to redeem it, he must add one-fifth to its as-
r^)n^b '\u'ip irTiB-nK u/'ip^-^s vj^k) h
sessment.
-i\i;K3 yn ]"'3t niu i^n insn l^nvni
i-ijf anyone consecrates his house to the Lord,
-uk)i5 :Dij7^ ]3 irT'3n in'K "iny:
the priest shall assess it. Whether ''high or low, -b
as the priest assesses it, so it shall stand; iând
n''p'')2n qo^f in^3-nK "^kp u;îp?2n
if he who has consecrated his house wishes to :l'7 n::ni v'?:; ^sny-c^DS
redeem it, he must add one-fifth to the sum at "ii/^x i:;"'"!;?:' in-inK niti/jp 1
dki ^^
which it was assessed, and it shall be his. nm yi.T^ ly"!T '>^b ^3i:y n-'ni nin*''?
i6If anyone consecrates to the Lord any land DK17 :r|D3 "717^; "'li'Jpnil W'lVp
that he holds, its assessment shall be in accord-
ance with its seed requirement: fift)' shekels of
silver to a homer of barley seed. '''If he conse-
b-b Lit. "good or bad.' "nmrz" i^yum ]''T'aD v. 9.
273
TORAH LEVITICUS 27.17 be-hukkotai Tipnn TD K~lp"'T nmn
crates his land as of the jubilee year, its assess- : cnj?^ "JjBnv? "^ÎH^ ^''^.p'! ^^""T^ ri jwn
ment stands. '«But if he consecrates his land af- -n\i7m \niiu w'^.p'] '7n''n -ipK-DKT i*<
ter the jubilee, the priest shall compute the price

according to the years that are left until the
:'^3~)V1? i'l^Jl ^^"^ ^^P "TV nnnl^n
jubilee year, and its assessment shall be so re-
duced; ''ând if he who consecrated the land

wishes to redeem it, he must add one-fifth to
nj7") vbv 'T]3-ii;-qD3 nû/nn qp^fin'K
the sum at which it was assessed, and it shall
pass to him. -"But if he does not redeem the 7^^ i:i "iriK^n nnwn n^nv :"iiV
no longer be redeemable: -'when it is released n^nri ]T\'3b nnnn nnt^s ^]'!^''^
in the jubilee, the land shall be holy to the
:iriTnK
Lord, as land proscribed; it becomes the priest's
niiu'D Kb iu;k in^pn mtiz-nK dki 22
holding.
inan l^-nwm 23 : nyi^b \u^^,p-'_ ininK
--If he consecrates to the Lord land that he
purchased, which is not land of his holding,
]n;) '73^0 n)\ij iv "^siVi^ ^?^^ ^^.
-Hhe priest shall compute for him the propor- •.r[y[''b ]uip K^•r[^[ UV2. ^3ij;n-nK
tionate assessment up to the jubilee year, and imj? "lU^K^ nitz;ri nu;^''73i''n hjwb 24
he shall pay the assessment as of that day, a sa- -'73125 :ynKn rimK l'7-i\i;K^ inKjp
cred donation to the Lord. -În the jubilee year
n")a nnu/v ^ll^rr ^W"^ '^^P'' ^^"'V
the land shall revert to him from whom it was
bought, whose holding the land is. 25A11 assess-
n?pnn3 r[)r[^b ^^22^'-^\IjK ni53-qK26
ments shall be by the sanctuary weight, the
nti/'DK -ii\f;-nK in'K mj^k uj'>ip''_-iA firstling of animals, however, which — as ^'r[K'i2\Dr[ nnri33 dkv? :Kin riyn^b
a firstling — is the Lord's, cannot be conse- k^-DK") vby inu/nn quî "^siv^ nisi
crated by anybody; whether ox or sheep, it is
the Lord's. -'But if it is of unclean animals, it

nSwb \u''k D-in^ -iwk Din-'73-TiK 2.^
may be ransomed as its assessment, with

niWDi hnnni uiK-n i"?—iu;K-'73n
one-fifth added; if it is not redeemed, it shall
n"in-'73 '7Kr kî n3)3'' k'7 intriK
be sold at its assessment.
~in-'73 29 -.nyi-^b Kin wwip-wi^p
-**But of all that anyone owns, be it man or
beast or land of his holding, nothing that he has
nm nns"" Kb niKn-in Din^ nj^K
proscribed for the Lord may be sold or re-
deemed; every proscribed thing is totally con- nsn Y^Kri y-im ypKn nu;y)p-'73") -'»'
secrated to the Lord. 29No human being who aKVî ^.T^^r^^b u/nj? Kin mn-'^ yvn
has been proscribed can be ransomed: he shall
be put to death.
^"All tithes from the land, whether seed from
the ground or fruit from the tree, are the Lord's;
thev are holv to the Lord, ^'if anvone wishes

TORAH LEVITICUS 27.34 be-hukkotai Tipnn TD Kip"!! min
to redeem any of his tithes, he must add cip'"" irTii^nn inu/v^pn u^^k "^kp "^'ka
one-fifth to them. -''Âll tithes of the herd or

flock — of all that passes under the shepherd's
staff, every tenth one — shall be holy to the
Kb) v^b niu-p^ "lijin^ Kb' 33 :r[rn'>b
Lord. 33He must not look out for good as
against bad, or make substitution for it. If he

:'7Ka^ iib \ij'ip-n'>r\'^, ^n'r\)2n^
does make substitution for it, then it and its sub-
stitute shall both be holy: it cannot be redeemed.
nu7')3TiK mn^ niY "i\i7K n^:i)2rl nbK 34
34These are the commandments that the *:'>rv nn:n bKîu'' •'J3-'7k
Lord gave Moses for the Israelite people on
Mount Sinai.
Db'iy Kmn b^b r^b-rin ub\u^^ nn
15.7 vwm 859 -iDon bw D'lpiDQn m3D V. 34.
275
laisa
NUMBERS
1BE-MIDBAR
On the first day of the second month, in ^p'o inipn nu/b-b'K mn:" liiî 1>
the second year following the exodus from the murn "iJiyrT ii/in^ nriKn ivDd briK^.
land of Egypt, the Lord spoke to Moses in the
: "ibK"? nn.yp Hk?? djiky^ ri^jwri
wilderness of Sinai, in the Tent of Meeting,
saying:
ninu; "isppn nnnK n^n"? Dnnsu/Tp"?
2Take a census of the whole Israelite com-
munity by the clans of "-its ancestral houses,-"
listing the names, every male, head by head.

-^You and Aaron shall record them by their n2nK)4 :]"inKi nriK nnxnyb' nnx
groups, from the age of twenty years up, all those -n'''2h \i;i<'} \u''K nu)2^ U7"'K \i;^k v'r\'>
in Israel who are able to bear arms. 4Associated :Mn vn'nK

with you shall be a man from each tribe, each
one the head of his ancestral house.
SThese are the names of the men who shall
assist you:
From Reuben, Elizur son of Shedeur.
6From Simeon, Shelumiel son of Zuri- :nir?2V"l^ Ti^nj nyin^by

shaddai. :"iyiy-]3 "7X^0^ 13U7tF^^8
7From Judah, Nahshon son of Amminadab. :i'7n-]3 nK-i^K ]înT^9
SFrom Issachar, Nethanel son of Zuar.
9From Zebulun, Eliab son of Helon.
loprom the sons of loseph:
:~nYn"iQ"]3 '7K"''7na r[\^^)2b
from Ephraim, Elishama son of Ammihud;
from Manasseh, Gamaliel son of Pedahzur.
iiFrom Benjamin, Abidan son of Gideoni.
i2From Dan, Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai.
i3From Asher, Pagiel son of Ochran. : VKiy^-]3 ^yi^K lib 14
i4From Gad, Eliasaph son of Deuel. :]ry"]3 VTHK '^nai'715

isprom Naphtali, Ahira son of Enan.
nly)p ''i<"'u;J "îvn ""KTip ^xnp nVx le
i6Those are the elected of the assembly, the

:nn '7K"it:;"' 'd'7k 'U/kt nnlnK
chieftains of their ancestral tribes: they are the
heads of the contingents of Israel.
a-a /.£., o/iK tribes.
Ill
TORAH NUMBERS 1.17 be-midbar "iain::i k "linDU nmn
''So Moses and Aaron took those men, who

were designated by name, i»and on the first day TTiv'r\-b:2 nKT« :nln\:;n inpj -iu;k
of the second month they convoked the whole n'7in''i >mri vj-inb inxn i'7^npn
community, who were registered by the clans
iQD)33 nnnK n-'n'p ur\n$pi2-b)j
of their ancestral houses — the names ot those
aged twenty years and over being listed head by

head. '"Âs the Lord had commanded Moses,
nu/DTiK mn^ niy iu/k? '-^
: Dri'?^'?^^
so he recorded them in the wilderness of Sinai.

-"They totaled as follows:
The descendants of Reuben, Israel's first- hl)3\i7 nQppn nn'nK n"'^'? nn'nsju/p'?
born, the registration of the clans of their an-

cestral house, as listed by name, head by head,
all males aged twenty years and over, all who
were able to bear arms — -'those enrolled from
Dm'7ln pvnu/ ''nhn 3 :niK)p
the tribe of Reuben: 46,500.
--Of the descendants of Simeon, the regis-

"iQpnn vi\PB nmK rr'nb' DnnBu/n"?
tration of the clans of their ancestral house, their
enrollment as listed by name, head by head, all nrfij^Q 23 : Kny k:^'-' b'2 nbvr?) nju;
males aged twenty years and over, all who were c^^K n-'ii/pni nvpn ]lvnu7 nun'?
able to bear arms — 23those enrolled from the
tribe of Simeon: 59,300.

nl?3U7 "iQpJ3:n nnnx n^^b unnB\ur2b
240f the descendants of Gad, the registration
of the clans of their ancestral house, as listed by
name, aged twenty years and over, all who were
able to bear arms— 25those enrolled from the 'n^26 Q :D"'\i7)pn"! niKD \ij\u) ^bk
tribe of Gad: 45,650.
^f'Of the descendants of Judah, the registra- hw nnti/y ]±-n nni^ "iQpnn nnnK
tion of the clans of their ancestral house, as listed
by name, aged twenty years and over, all who

^bi< u^V2p) nynnK niMi^
were able to bear arms — 27those enrolled from
\Ij\u^
nriibm 12UJW'> ''nb^^ q :niK)p

the tribe of Judah: 74,600.
-Ôf the descendants of Issachar, the regis-

nnw ispnn onnK n^n"? nnnBiyn'?
tration of the clans of their ancestral house, as
listed by name, aged twenty years and over, all ny^-iK "iDU/ti/T nv'Db arrnps 2^' : xny
who were able to bear arms — ^v^hose enrolled
from the tribe of Issachar: 54,400.
-'('Of the descendants of Zebulun, the regis-
r[w Dnt^v ]3D nnu7 lEip)?? nri'=iN
tration of the clans of their ancestral house, as
npjp'p Drfii??-'' :^^^ i^T ^^ n^vn")
listed by name, aged twenty years and over, all
who were able to bear arms — ''those enrolled

from the tribe of Zebulun: 57,400.
DnDK 'JQ'? qpT" 'Jn'7 '2 Q :mK)3
278
TORAH NUMBERS 1.49 be-midbar -imnn K im?31 min
320f the descendants of Joseph:

Of the descendants of Ephraim, the registra-
nn^K nun'^ DnnpQ 33 xnY : xy^ b'3
by name, aged twenty^ years and over, all who
:nlK)G u/pni
were able to bear arms — -"^^those enrolled from
•'n'734 Q iq'pK D^V^ÎK
the tribe of Ephraim: 40,500.
340f the descendants of Manasseh, the reg-

nntz/v ]3p nl?3\i7 "iQpnn annx
istration of the clans of their ancestral house, Dn^lpS 35 : Kn^ KY'' '7'3
H^'VJ?'] nj\^
as listed by name, aged twenty years and over, r\bi<. uwbp^ WW r[\u;'i2 nu?p^
all who were able to bear arms — -^^those enam'pin p^n ^nb^f^ 3 :ainK)3i
rolled from the tribe of Manasseh: 32,200. nnu7 n3p?pn nnnx rfn"? nnnsi^p^
360f the descendants of Benjamin, the reg-
: Kn^ xy'"' b'2 nbvr?) mu/ nnu/v ]in
istration of the clans of their ancestral house,
u^pb^j^ n\ijjpn ip^jn nun"? arflp? 37
as listed by name, aged twenty years and over,
all who were able to bear arms — -^"those en-

rolled from the tribe of Benjamin: 35,400.
380f the descendants of Dan, the registration nbî2) r[W nntiî; ]3)p riibû "ispnî
of the clans of their ancestral house, as listed by uiw 11 npn"? onnps 39 kiy ky^ :
'7'3
name, aged twent)' years and over, all who were ^nbw 3 :niKD ynu/T ^b^ nwp']
able to bear arms — -^"^those enrolled from the
tribe of Dan: 62,700.

lOOf the descendants of Asher, the registra-
^^pK n\j)2b Drm.i^Q-ii :]<ny ky"t ^'3
by name, aged twenty years and over, all who

were able to bear arms — -11 those enrolled from nîib unnB\u)2b nm^ln ^bn^^ 'J2142
the tribe of Asher: 41,500.

42 [Of] the descendants of Naphtali, the reg- nU)3^ Onni^S 43 : xnY KY"T ^3 TlbviQ)
istration of the clans of their ancestral house as
i73"!KT ^bi< nîi/âni npb]!) ^bn^z
Hsted by name, aged twenty years and over, all
:niKD
who were able to bear arms — -i-Hhose enrolled
D
from the tribe of Naphtali: 53,400.

-\ijî<. w^K "iti/y Dîl^ bkiîJ^, î^'^P^'^
•i-*Those are the enrollments recorded by Mo-
ses and Aaron and by the chieftains of Israel,
-b3 vn^^,}^'- :vn vnnK-n-'nb nnx
who were twelve in number, one man to each ]3?3 nnnK n^n"? ^xntz/^-^n mp$
ancestral house. -^-Âll the Israelites, aged twenty xny i<Y'^''73 n^vni nw DnU;y
years and over, enrolled by ancestral houses, all -\u\u aîpQn-'â v^[''^^^ :bi<.-w-'ii
those in Israel who were able to bear arms — -^^âll
nlK)3 u/nni u^pbi<- niz;"Û7T q^x nlK??
who were enrolled came to 603,550.
''''The Levites, however, were not recorded

npQnn Kb nn'nK nu)3^ nî^m-t?
among them by their ancestral tribe, ^spor the
Lord had spoken to Moses, saying: ^'^Do not
279
TORAH NUMBERS 1.49 be-midbar -la-ran K IHtDn min
on any account enroll the tribe of Levi or take
a census of them with the Israelites. ôYou shall
put the Levites in charge of the Tabernacle of

the Pact, all its furnishings, and everything that
pertains to it: they shall carry the Tabernacle and

T'^3-'73-nKi ]3\y)3rT-nK iKtz/T Hipn
all its furnishings, and they shall tend it; and they
shall camp around the Tabernacle. 5'When the
:^jm ]^\ijr2b n-inoT inri-iu;^ nrn
Tabernacle is to set out, the Levites shall take
it down, and when the Tabernacle is to be
pitched, the Levites shall set it up; any outsider vj^K bK'w-' ^n "iÔ")^- ^f^!?''"'
^li?'^
who encroaches shall be put to death. 52The Is-
raelites shall encamp troop by troop, each man

with his division and each under his standard.
53The Levites, however, shall camp around the
Tabernacle of the Pact, that wrath may not strike

the Israelite community; the Levites shall stand :nnj;ri
guard around the Tabernacle of the Pact.

s-'The Israelites did accordingly; just as the
Lord had commanded Moses, so thev did.
2 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, say-

ing: ^The Israelites shall camp each with his TT'n'? nriKn i'ât^v u/^k^ •.'i'nKb
standard, under the banners of their ancestral
n^no im2 bi<-]\u'' -"n ijriT annK
house; they shall camp around the Tent of
.^2^'] -^vm-bri^b
Meeting at a distance.
^Camped on the front, or east side: the stand-

njnn "7^^ nnim nrîp, D-'jnm3
ard of the division of Judah, troop by troop.
Chieftain of the Judites: Nahshon son of
Amminadab. •'His troop, as enrolled: 74,600.
^Camping next to it:

KW2^ npu/ti/'' nun vb]; Dînni^
Ihe tribe of Issachar.
iNnYT^ :iviy-]3 '7Njnj -\2VJW'> 12:1b
Chieftain of the Issacharites: Nethanel son of
Zuar. ^His troop, as enrolled: 54,400.

"The tribe of Zebulun.
D :nlKD
Chieftain of the Zebulunites: Eliab son of nK-''7K ]b^2] ^nb kû/ji ]b^2] nun ~
Helon. f'His troop, as enrolled: 57,400. uwr2m nynu; vl^;^^ ixnyi ><
:
t'^n-p
^The total enrolled in the division of Judah: :niKn yniKi ^b^
186,400, for all troops. These shall march first. ^bk nkn ni^n*' njnn"? D''ip9n-'73 9
IV V - : T i\ - T :
280
TORAH NUMBERS 2.25 be-midbar -innn n "illinn nmn
lOOn the south: the standard of the division

of Reuben, troop by troop.
Chieftain of the Reubenites: Ehzur son of
Shedeur. ^His troop, as enrolled: 46,500.

Dn'Knyb' nirim inix-i mn?? '7^tio
i2Camping next to it:
The tribe of Simeon.

Chieftain of the Simeonites: Shelumiel son of
r\bi<. D^v?"!iST ^^^^ ini??^ ^>^5V^ 11
Zurishaddai.
i3His troop, as enrolled: 59,300. ip^ K''U7JT x\vy2\i; nun vbv njinni 12
iÂnd the tribe of Gad.

Chieftain of the Gadites: Eliasaph son of
Reuel. i5His troop, as enrolled: 45,650.

i^The total enrolled in the division of Reuben:
n\i7?3n rm.ipQT iKnyus :'7Kiyi-]3i
151)450, for all troops. These shall march second.
I'Then, midway between the divisions, the

^bk nK>3 piK"i mnn"? nni7Qn-'73 le
Tent of Meeting, the division of the Levites, shall

move. As they camp, so they shall march, each
in position, by their standards.
"linin U''^b'r[ mn?3 ni;1)3-'7nK vpJii^

i80n the west: the standard of the division
of Ephraim, troop by troop.
D .urj^b^.ib
Chieftain of the Ephraimites: Elishama son
of Ammihud. i^His troop, as enrolled: 40,500.
20Next to it: n)pi Dn'xny'? nn.QK mnn bn^s
The tribe of Manasseh. -]3 yjpipib'K nnsK ^nb k"'u;j'i
Chieftain of the Manassites: Gamaliel son of ^V?"ii< DnnpEn iKnyTi9 :-nn^?3y

Pedahzur. 2iHis troop, as enrolled: 32,200. :nlK)3 \IJ12n) ^bK
22And the tribe of Benjamin.
n\i7j?3 '>nb Kû/Ji nii^jn nun vb:;) 20
Chieftain of the Benjaminites: Abidan son of
nrin,i7Di lKnYT2i :mYn~i3-]3 '^K^'^m
Gideoni. 23His troop, as enrolled: 35,400.
24The total enrolled in the division of Ephraim:
nU)3T22 :n"'nK}pT tq'pK wpbp^ U\2^J
108,100 for all troops. These shall march third.

-[n ]i^nK ]i2^n ^nb k-'U/ji ]jp^Jii
250n the north: the standard of the division

of Dan, troop by troop. nxn DnQK mnn'? îpsn-'îj 24
281
TORAH NUMBERS 2.25 be-midbar nmnn n ~i:21J3:3 min
Chieftain of the Danites: Ahiezer son of K-'tyji Dnxny^ nj'ay ]i mna 7^.25
Ammishaddai. -''His troop, as enrolled:
62,700.
27Camping next to it:

:nlKD
The tribe of Asher.
^nb kû/ji IVJK nun vbv n-'lnni 27
Chieftain of the Asherites: Pagiel son of
iKnyT2« :nPV"l? "^^""V^? "i^^^
Ochran. -^'His troop, as enrolled: 41,500.
29And the tribe of Naphtali.
Chieftain of the Naphtalites: Ahira son of 'jn'7 K"'u;j') •''7riQj nuDT^'j :nlKn
Enan. -^"His troop, as enrolled: 53,400. lKnYT3<i :l^î^"]? i'l^nK ''7nQj
-^'The total enrolled in the division of Dan:
157,600. These shall march last, by their
:n1l<)3
standards.
^bk HKp ]i njn)p'7 b''ii73n-'73 3i
^-Those are the enrollments of the Israelites
by ancestral houses. The total enrolled in the
divisions, for all troops: 603,550. 33The Levites,

Q : rT'''7A-r'7 ivpT nnriK^
however, were not recorded among the Israel- nnnK n^n'p '^Knu/^-'jn nipEj n'7K32
ites, as the Lord had commanded Moses.

34The Israelites did accordingly; just as the niKW u/pni n''D^K nu;"^\z;T ~r|'7K
Lord had commanded Moses, so they camped îns npsnn k^ Dh'7rn33 :Di\i7nni
by their standards, and so they marched, each
:nu7b"nK mn^ my "iu^ks "^Ki.t^"" ""jn
with his clan according to his ancestral house.
nin^ n^ynu/K "733 '7K-1U;;' 'j:? wv'i} ^^
iVDJ ]pi bn"''7n'7 iJn"]3 n\i;n-nK

:T'nnK JT'S-'ry TTinsu/n'? u;^k
3 This is the line of Aaron and Moses at the -131 Dib nuj'm f-iriK mîn h^kt ^
time that the Lord spoke with Moses on Mount nm\u n'pKi ijip "ins nu/n-nx mn^
2 :
Sinai. 2These were the names of Aaron's sons:

-iTi;'7K KirfnKi nnj niD^n pnK-'n 1
Nadab, the first-born, and Abihu, Eleazar and

Ithamar; -Hhose were the names of Aaron's sons,
the anointed priests who were ordained for
priesthood. •'But Nadab and Abihu died "by the n-ipnn n)n^ 'jd'7 Kin^nKi nij na^î 1
will of" the Lord, when they oftered alien fire D^jni 'rp 131P3 nin^ •'jd'p nir u;n
before the Lord in the wilderness of Sinai; and "iDrriKi iTv'^K in?''"! urib vri-kb
they left no sons. So it was Eleazar and Ithamar D iDH-'nK priN ''2B-hv
who served as priests in the lifetime of their hnpn^ :inK'7 nwn-bK mn^ ini"""!?
father Aaron.
prrx -"jd"? in'K nijpyni 'i'7 nu?p-ni<
5The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: Âdvance
the tribe of Levi and place them in attendance
fl-fl Others "before."
282
a
TORAH NUMBERS 3.24 be-midbar -lami A imW2 n-nn
upon Aaron the priest to serve him. ^They shall -JiK n)3U7V :iriK ^n'^\u^ ]n3rT
perform duties for him and for the whole com-
munity before the Tent of Meeting, doing the
:]3\f7)3n nini/TiK nnv"? lyln briK
work of the Tabernacle. ^They shall take charge
-riKT "rylJ3 '7ri'K i'73-'73-nK njpu/Ts
of all the furnishings of the Tent of Meeting — jTiny-riK ini/^ ^^'p''
duty on behalf of the Israelites —doing the work ""J? ÎP^P
of the Tabernacle. ^You shall assign the Levites
pHK^ n^l^n-riK nrinjis :]3U7)2rT
to Aaron and to his sons: they are formally as- riKu i"? n)2n djijij aiin: v^'^b^
signed to him from among the Israelites. 'OYou

shall make Aaron and his sons responsible for nnjpri njni an^n3-nK njpu/T npsn
observing their priestly duties; and any outsider
who encroaches shall be put to death.
'JKT12 -."ir^Kb nm-bK nyii "i^tth
1 iThe Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 121 hereby
take the Levites from among the Israelites in
place of all the first-born, the first issue of the

'jnjp Dnn nu|j ~il33-'73 nnri bk-iiu^
"hlD3-'73'^''^ '3 13 vn"] b^-^p^,

womb among the Israelites: the Levites shall be :Di'i^ri -^b
Mine. i^For every first-born is Mine: at the time nny>3 ynK3 ~il33-'73 •'nsn nvn
that I smote every first-born in the land of Egypt, niKD '^Knu/^n "ii33-'73 ''7 irwuipri
I consecrated every first-born in Israel, man and
beast, to Myself, to be Mine, the Lord's. "131)33 nini
'>rx) r[]u'}2-bK '^:^'v^ 14
i4The Lord spoke to Moses in the wilderness
n3K n''?^ ^\b 'J3-nK h'p3 15 n)2i<.b
of Sinai, saying: iSRecord the Levites by ances-
tral house and by clan; record every male among
n^VPl în-i3)p n3r'73 urin^mb
them from the age of one month up. I6S0 Moses ''3-'7i7 np'n Dn'K "Tps^Ti^ :n7p3n
recorded them at the command of the Lord, '')b-'>n n^K-i^n;'Ti7 :my -iu;k3 nrrr'
as he was bidden. i^These were the sons of Levi n^Kiis :n"))pi nnpi ]lU7"i;\ nnnm
byname: Gershon,Kohath, and Merari.iSThese 'J3'7 nriuBprib ]W-]r->n muu;
were the names of the sons of Gershon by clan: nnpv Dn'n3U7?p^ nnp 'J3i 19 : ^y'l2\Ij^
Libni and Shimei. i^The sons of Kohath by clan:

nnp mi 20 :'7K"'-Ti7i ]n3n -inyî
Amram and Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel. 20The
sons of Merari by clan: Mahli and Mushi.

These were the clans of the Levites within
: Dn'3K rT'3^ "'iVrT n'n3\z;?p an nbii
their ancestral houses:
21 To Gershon belonged the clan of the :"'3u;"iari nh3u;)p dpi nbK ""ynwri
Libnites and the clan of the Shimeites; those U7in-]3?p "i3r'73 "i3p)p3 bri"'"ti73 22
were the clans of the Gershonites. 22Xhe re- u/nni wpbK nv:i\u Dn"''7.i73 n^vpl
corded entries of all their males from the age nrtK n'n3U7p23 :nlK)3
'iiîi^rT
of one month up, as recorded, came to 7,500.
3K-rT'3 K"'U7JT24 :n)3,1 IJIl^ 13\i7)3rT
23The clans of the Gershonites were to camp be-
-"n n-iwu/pi 23 : biib-]^ n?^^^ W"!^^
hind the Tabernacle, to the west. 24The chieftain
of the ancestral house of the Gershonites was
283
TORAH NUMBERS 3.24 be-miubar -i3-ran A im723 n-nn
Eliasaph son of Lael. -^The duties of the "^nKpn ]3u;)3n li^îz '7nKn ]W-)^
Gershonites in the Tent of Meeting comprised: ''vb\?^ ^'^ : lyiD brjK nriQ Tjpni inonn
the Tabernacle,'' the tent, its covering, and the
screen for the entrance of the Tent of Meeting;

T'nnip riKi n^no n:3TJ3n-'7VT ]3u;73n
26the hangings of the enclosure, the screen for
:iri-inv b':2b
the entrance of the enclosure which surrounds
the Tabernacle, the cords thereof, and the

nnpvjm 'mpyn nn3u;n nnp^v?
altar — all the service connected with these. nn3u;m ""Jinnn nnsu/m nny^n
-"To Kohath belonged the clan of the :^rini?n nnQu/n an n^N "''?K-'-Ti7n
Amramites, the clan of the Izharites, the clan
of the Hebronites, and the clan of the Uzzielites;

those were the clans of the Kohathites. ^SAIJ the
nnp-'jn nnQU7?p:9 :u;"['i?rT nnnu/n
listed males from the age of one month up came
K1p^^ 30 : njp-'n ]3U7)3n tiii bv ^2n^>_
to 8,600, attending to the duties of the sanctu-
ary. -"^The clans of the Kohathites were to camp

-]3 isy^'^K ""nnpn rinBmb nx-n-'?
along the south side of the Tabernacle. -""'The

\nb\uri) pKPi Dn"i)3U/nT 31 :'7K^Ti;
chieftain of the ancestral house of the Kohathite

clans was Elizaphan son of Uzziel. ^ 'Their duties :iri"iai7 Vdt ^Diam nnn imu;-'
comprised: the ark, the table, the lampstand, the ]"inK-]3 "iTy'7K 'i^n 'k^'U/j k"'u;ji32
and the sacred were used
altars, utensils that
:\:;']i7ri n'^'nm npu; n%3 \ri3ri
with them, and the screen^ — all the service con-
nriQu/m '>bni3r[ nriQu/n ''il^'7 33
nected with these. -^^Xhe head chieftain of the
:nn)3 n'nau/a dpi n)>i<, ^vjmri
Levites was Eleazar son of Aaron the priest, in
charge of those attending to the duties of the

\u'in-]^2^^2 "lijr'?:) "iQppn bnnpDi 3-1
sanctuary. Kû;ji 33 : n:'nKjpi wpbK n\LJp n^v??l
33To Merari belonged the clan of the Mahlites -]3 '7Kn^2f n-i)p nn^\u)2b nK-n^n
and the clan of the Mushites; those were the :njQ^ ijn^ ]3U7)3n Tin-i b:j '^''rr'nK
clans of Merari. ^^The recorded entries of all

'w^p_ "nip 'J3 'n"i.)3U7>p nî7Qi36
their males from the age of one month up came
T'^3-'7DT VpK) VlTSVl T'D^m ]3U/)3n
to 6,200. -'"^The chieftain of the ancestral house
of the clans of Merari was Zuriel son of Abihail.
They were to camp along the north side of
the Tabernacle. ^("The assigned duties of the
Merarites comprised: the planks of the Taber- vn^ pnii) I nu;n nniin 1 lyln-'^nK
nacle, its bars, posts, and sockets, and all its
furnishings — all the service connected with
these; 37also the posts around the enclosure and

their sockets, pegs, and cords.
38Those who were to camp before the Tab-
ernacle, in front —before the Tent of Meeting,
b See note on Exod. 26.1.
c I.e., the screening curtain; cf. 4-5.
!84
TORAH NUMBERS 3.51 be-midbar -imnn a "imnil min
on the east —were Moses and Aaron and his ^n nnnu/jp'? u/^pisn nnpu/p nnpu;
sons, attending to the duties of the sanctuary, •'i:ipQ-'73 39 ',nm'> :ij^n >TrT) b^-w-;
as a duty on behalf of the IsraeHtes; and any out-
sider who encroached was to be put to death.
39A11 the Levites who were recorded, whom at
the Lord's command Moses and Aaron re-
corded by their clans, all the males from the age
n'33-'73 ipB nu;w-'7K mn'' "i5pK='i4o
of one month up, came to 22,000.
40The Lord said to Moses: Record every Dî^n-riK nnpî 41 : nn'nu/ "iQpn nx
first-born male of the Israelite people from the bi<,'W'', -"nn "ib3-'73 nnri r[)r[i -"jk ^^b
age of one month up, and make a list of their "iiD3-'73 nnri nn'pri npnn hKI
names; 4iand take the Levites for Me, the Lord,
nvj'n i'i7Q''i42 •.bK'^\LJ'' 'J21 npnnn
in place of every first-born among the Israelite
^nn nbn-'73Tix inx tti^^ n^y nu/KS
people, and the cattle of the Levites in place of
every first-born among the cattle of the Israel-
"iQppB 13T "Il33-'7D """n^"! « :'7K-lt7'?
ites. 'i2So Moses recorded all the first-born nnf^Q'? r[b^)2) U7~f'n-i3?p nmp
among the Israelites, as the Lord had com- D^vnu/T n^bvj ^bk bnu/vi d^ji^
manded him. 43A11 the first-born males as listed Q :D''nK)pT
by name, recorded from the age of one month ni7 45 :-i')pK^ nu;"j3-'7K rirrT' "iîTI^^
up, came to 22,273.
bk']p'> -"nn hiDn-'^s nnn Dî'pn-nx
44The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: ^sjake
^^m Dnprin nnri aî^n nnns-nKi
the Levites in place of all the first-born among
''.na nK')46 imn^ -"jk n^'hri ''b
the Israelite people, and the cattle of the Levites
in place of their cattle; and the Levites shall be

b^Qnyn n^nK)2m n-'yiî/ni riijbwn
Mine, the Lord's. 46And as the redemption nni7^'i47 :'7K-itz;^ m "il33)p U'>^br[-b:;
price of the 273 Israelite first-born over and b]p,\u:i

^^"^W^ °^î?^ ^^pn rwurin
above the number of the Levites, 47take five -.b^pwri n"i;\ w^pv nj^n û/ipn
shekels per head — take this by the sanctuary "n3 V2'lb^ iir\i<.b c^pan nnnji48
weight, twenty gerahs to the shekel — "iSand give
iqp3 nK n\i;')3 n^_'>']j'> :Dn3 D''p"i'yn
the money to Aaron and his sons as the re-
: D^'l^n ".113 bv whivri nx)3 Dinsn
demption price for those who are in excess. 49So
Moses took the redemption money from those
c^psn-nK nj?^ bK-]iu^ \n "1I33 nk'12 50
over and above the ones redeemed by the Le- b\p^]ij:i ^bK) nlK)? \L;bp^ n^w\u) n'i^nn
vites; 50he took the money from the first-born
of the Israelites, 1,365 sanctuary shekels. sÂnd my n\^K3 nin:- ''p'b:; t'J3'7T pnjs:^
Moses gave the redemption money to Aaron Q :n\^n-nK mn""
and his sons at the Lord's bidding, as the Lord
had commanded Moses. '] "\ Ti 'K ^ bv "iip^ '• 39.
1 -ion V. 51.
285
TORAH NUMBERS 4.1 be-miuhar "imnn n "iniDn mm
j1 The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron,

saying: : nbK"?
-Take a [separate] census of the Kohathites
among the Levites, by the clans of their ancestral
n^pb\u ]i)2 .'
:DnnK n^:ib nnQu/jp'?
house, -^from the age of thirty years up to the
K^'b^ r\w "'\i7)pn-i3 ivi r[bvr2))i2\u
age of fifty, all who are subject to service, to per-
form tasks for the Tent of Meeting. ^This is the
:"iyi)3 briKii i^?^/'P^"^P^b k^y^
responsibility of the Kohathites in the Tent of u/n'p ii;i)3 '7riK3 nnp-'n niny nKr -i
Meeting: the most sacred objects. :D"'U;"Tpn
5At the breaking of camp, Aaron and his sons

nilni njiijan vvn vn^ prtK kdt ?
shall go in and take down the screening curtain

and cover the Ark of the Pact with it. ^They
Mjnn nly îd3 vbv ijnji^ :nii;n
shall lay a covering of dolphin" skin over it and
miu) ribv-nb-n n'pDJi b^b^-ii'i itz;-i£n
spread a cloth of pure blue on top; and they shall
put its poles in place.
"Over the table of display they shall spread a h^Dn t^n W'^^'> D-iiBn ]nb\ij i b^) 7
blue cloth; they shall place upon it the bowls, n33n-nxi nnyipn-riK vW ijnji
the ladles, the jars, and the libation jugs; and nn'71 '^Djn nwp riKT n'^pJian-riKT
the regular bread shall rest upon it. **They shall
t;i3 DH^'^y iu;-iQi « : n'^n*' vbv T'lpnn
spread over these a crimson cloth which they
\unn niy no^nn in'K iddi ^2\u ny'în
shall cover with a covering of dolphin skin; and
they shall put the poles in place.
:T'^3-nK mp)
''Then they shall take a blue cloth and cover
niJ^p-riK iDDi nîn 1^2. 1
inpî^
the lampstand for lighting, with its lamps, its -riKi n-'ni^^n-nKi n-'nirriKi ilK^n
tongs, and its fire pans, as well as all the oil
vessels that are used in its service. "'They shall "jiKT nn'K ijnji 10 :Dn3 n'^-iniu;''
put it and all its furnishings into a covering of
dolphin skin, which they shall then place on a

.vmn-bv
carrying frame.
n"??]! "r;i3 m^^-> nn-Tn n^m 1
"^vi
"Next they shall spread a blue cloth over the
altar ot gold and cover it with a covering of dol-
mw) vjnn nly nppns iriK iodi
phin skin; and they shall put its poles in place. nn\pn ''73-'73-nK "inp^T 1: :T'^3-nK
'-They shall take all the service vessels with i^^'bK iJHJT U7i[73 DQ-in-iu;-' -iu;k
which the service in the sanctuary is performed, u/nn ~ny noDnn nnix id3t n"??!!
put them into a blue cloth and cover them with
a covering ofdolphin skin, which they shall then
place on a carrying frame. '^They shall remove
the ashes from the [copper] altar and spread a
a See note ai Lxod. 2!>.5.
286
"
TORAH NUMBERS 4.25 naso' Ku;j 1 "im73n nmn
purple cloth over it. iÛpon it they shall place

all the vessels that are used in its service: the fire
pans, the flesh hooks, the scrapers, and the

D-'i/^n-nKi m^mn-riK n'nn?3rT-nK
basins — all the vessels of the altar — and over it
iti/nDi nnmn ''73 Vs npjTsn-nK'i
they shall spread a covering of dolphin skin; and
they shall put
:T'p ^)2\LJ^ u/nn "ily ""ôs v^v
its poles in place.
iswhen Aaron and his sons have finished

covering the sacred objects and all the furnish- hjrDan v'on u/ipn •''73-'73-nKT
ings of the sacred objects at the breaking of -k'pT nKibb hnp-^jn ixn^ ]3-nr[K"i
camp, only then shall the Kohathites come and -^n KtFp n^K ^np^ \uip-ri-bK lyp
lift them, so that they do not come in contact
:ii;1)3 "7^x3 nnp
with the sacred objects and die. These things in
])2\LJ insn tinK-]3 1 "itv^k n%En le
the Tent of Meeting shall be the porterage of
the Kohathites.
Tpnri nnj)3T uîQXDri nnupT niKTpn
i6Responsibility shall rest with Eleazar son of -b^) \:2\uT3n-b-^ nips nnmri ]nu7i
Aaron the priest for the lighting oil, the aro- D iTi^^m u;ii73 iiiniyK
matic incense, the regular meal offering, and the ]nnK-'7Ki np)2-bK r[)r\i nni"''! 17
anointing oil — responsibility for the whole nnau/p unu;-nK innprr'^K is : nnx'?
Tabernacle and for everything consecrated that
wv I nKni9 :a;'i^ri '^m'12 "nrTiprr
is in it or in its vessels.
wip-nif^nrim3 irDp^ kî vn^ unb
'''The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, say-
nniK m^j) wn^ vn^ pnx Q^wii^rr
ing: 18D0 not let the group of Kohathite clans
: lKti7J3-'7K1 1ril'ni7-'7y VJ^K U/'iK
be cut off from the Levites. i^Do this with them,
that they may live and not die when they ap- u;~T'i?rT-nK y^na nlKn'? iKn^-k"?! 20
proach the most sacred objects: let Aaron and

his sons go in and assign each of them to his
duties and to his porterage. 20But let not [the
Kohathites] go inside and ''witness the disman-

tling of the sanctuary,-'' lest they die.
NASO'
2 'The Lord spoke to Moses: 22Take a census Kiuy-2 :"i')pK^ n^'J3-'7K mnT "i^tiî
of the Gershonites also, by their ancestral house
and by their clans. 23Record them from the age
nbvm n2]LJ nû/Wi^p 23 : urin^p'nb
of thirty years up to the age of fifty, all who are
-b2 nniK npQn nju; n"'\i7)pn-]3 iv
subject to service in the performance of tasks
for the Tent of Meeting. 24These are the duties

briK:^ npy inv^ xny kny^ kiin
of the Gershonite clans as to labor and porter-

^^p^^ri nnQu;)3 nnnv nkp-i n^jm
age: 25they shall carry the cloths of the Taber-
b-b Others "look ill ihc nwred objects even for a moment.
287
TORAH NUMBERS 4.25 naso' K\yj 1 imn:: n-nn
nacle, the Tent of Meeting with its covering, the
covering of dolphin skin that is on top of it, and T]p)p-nK"i nb^}2b)2 r'^y—iu;k u;nnn
the screen for the entrance of the Tent of Meet-
nynn ^v"?;? hkt^^ :fviD briK nn?
ing; -^the hangings of the enclosure, the screen
-lU7^f nynn ivu; i nns i "qpip-riKT
at the entrance of the gate of the enclosure that
hK") n^no h5T?3n-'7i;T ]:2p)3'n-bv
surrounds the Tabernacle, the cords thereof,
and the altar, and all their service equipment
-'73 nk^ aniny ^b'3-'73-nKT nnnrr'n
and all their accessories; and they shall perform pnK°"'a-'7V27 :nnv"i urjb nurv;' -iu/k
the service. 27A11 the duties of the Gershonites, 'iuz-iAn '>n niny-'73 njnn vn^
aD their porterage and all their service, shall be nnipST nnpv b'^b^ uk\Li'i2-b'2b
performed on orders from Aaron and his sons; riKT :h : nNti7)p"'73 fiK n~iD\z;?33 urib);
you shall make them responsible for attending
briK:^ \û;"!An 'jn rin^prz niny
to all their porterage. -^Those are the duties of
the Gershonite clans for the Tent of Meeting;
they shall attend to them under the direction

DnnK-jT'n^ nnn3u;p'? nnp '^29
of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest.
-"Âs for the Merarites, you shall record them

by the clans of their ancestral house; 30you shall K3rT-'73 DT.pDn nju; n-iii/pn-in lv^
record them from the age of thirty years up to nv'\'n briK niny-riK -i2vb xny^
the age of fifty, all who are subject to service in
Dnini/-'?^'? DKwn riinu/x] nKTVi
the performance of the duties for the Tent of
Tinnni ]3U7?3n ûz-ip nvDa biiK:^
Meeting. "^
'These are their porterage tasks in
connection with their various duties for the
Tent of Meeting: the planks, the bars, the posts,
-'73^ Dnnn^ni nmn-'T nnijiKi
and the sockets of the Tabernacle; 32the posts nppn nnu/m Dni'nv Vd^^t nrT-''73
around the enclosure and their sockets, pegs, ni'ni; hkt 33 : axti/jp ninu/jp ""^^tik
and cords — all these furnishings and their serv-
ice: you shall list by name the objects that are
their porterage tasks. 33Those are the duties of
niyn •'kû/jt prrKi nu/b np3''v^4
the Merarite clans, pertaining to their various
duties in the Tent of Meeting under the direc-
tion of Ithamar son of Aaron the

nbvi2] mu; uwb\ij ]3p35 .ur\2i<.
priest.
^•^So Moses, Aaron, and the chieftains of the KnY^ K3n-'73 nju; a"'u;)pn-]3 lyi
community recorded the Kohathites by the Dnni^D T'PT'v^f^ :TVin '7riK3 n-iny^
clans of their ancestral house, 35from the age of nlK)p ynu; WBb^ urinBVJ-nb
thirty years up to the age of fifty, all who were Tinpn nnsu/n mpD n'7N 3- : Dû^nni
subject to service for work relating to the Tent
nu/b np3 -iu;k lyin '7n><3 inyrr'â
of Meeting. 'f-Those recorded by their clans
D :nu;b"7^3 mn"' "'Q-'7V phkt
came to 2,750. -^"That was the enrollment of the
Kohathite clans, all those who performed duties
relating to the Tent of Meeting, whom Moses
!88
TORAH NUMBERS 5.3 naso' KU7J n "IDIDI mm
and Aaron recorded at the command of the 38
Lord through Moses.

38The Gershonites who were recorded by the
clans of their ancestral house, 39from the age of
nnjÊi ^"'rT;'"!4o nyin briK'3. TTpvb
thirty years up to the age of fifty, all who were
of Meeting — ôthose recorded by the clans of
nn3u;n •'i^pQ n^K 41 : u->^b\p^ nlxn
their ancestral house came to 2,630. 4iThat was -iu;k iv'\)2 briK:! invn-â ]iU7"iA \n
the enrollment of the Gershonite clans, all those -.nrn-' 'Q-'^v tin^^") nu/n 1573
performing duties relating to the Tent of Meet- nnnQu/jp"? nnip •'jn nriQU/jp nipQT 42
ing whom Moses and Aaron recorded at the njU7 n^pbp ]3)3 43 :DnnK n^n^
command of the Lord.
Kiiri-'73 nju; D''\z;)3n-]3 lv^ n^vPI
42The enrollment of the Merarite clans by the
i"'rT''i44 nv'i'D ^7^x3 npy^ kiy^
clans of their ancestral house, 43from the age of
thirty years up to the age of fifty, all who were

"'Qb'K n\Lfb\u nnnQu/n"? nnnpD
in nriQu/p nipQ n'pK 45 tn^nxni
of Meeting — 44those recorded by their clans riyr[i ^B-bv prrK") nu7')3 "ipQ nu/K nnp
came to 3,200. ^sxhat was the enrollment of the
Merarite clans which Moses and Aaron re- prTKi nu/b ipB h\Pi^ D"'ii7Qn-'73 46
corded at the command of the Lord through

Moses.
46A11 the Levites whom Moses, Aaron, and the
hw nipbp ]ip47 :DnnK n-'nb'i
KiirT-'73 nju; n"'\i7)pn-]3 iv) nbviQ)

chieftains of Israel recorded by the clans of their
ancestral houses, 47from the age of thirty years
"7^x3 Kti7)3 nnii/i npy nnny nny^
up to the age of fifty, all who were subject to D''Db'K nj'nu; nnnps i;'rT'''!48 nvm
duties of service and porterage relating to the
Tent of Meeting — ^sthose recorded came to -bv uJiK uz-'K nu;')3-"r^3 bniK ipsi
8,580. 49Each one was given responsibility for my-i\i7K T'lpQi iKtFn-'7Vl inp^
his service and porterage at the command of the
Q :nu7b-nK mn''
Lord through Moses, and each was recorded
^ The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2Instruct 1V.2 tipK"? nvj'-D-bK mni -isiî I I
the Israelites to remove from camp anyone with -b:3 njn)3n-])3 ^nb\u'>} bk'ipi ""J^riK
an "eruption or a discharge" and anyone
n>m3 -.vjîb K)3U b'2^ 3r'73T yny
defiled by a corpse. 3Remove male and female
mn^^ y^n?p-'7K '\nb\LJn hnpriy
alike; put them outside the camp so that they
'^\ljil^ Dri"'jn)p-nK Sîpv^ Kb) mnû/n
do not defile the camp of those in whose midst
I dwell.
a-a See Lev. 13, 15.
289
TORAH NUMBERS 5.4 naso' Nu;3 n ~imQ:n n-nn
^The Israelites did so, putting them outside

the camp; as the Lord had spoken to Moses,
so the IsraeHtes did. in w]j

3 :'7K"it^"' ]3 rwu'-n
^The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: ^Speak to

the IsraeHtes: When a man or woman commits
any wrong toward a fellow man, thus breaking
faith with the Lord, and that person realizes his r^rni^ bîz bvrib dikh nKun-'73p
guilt, ''he shall confess the wrong that he has -riK Tiinnv :KirTn u/D^n T^r^\uK^
done. He shall make restitution in the principal inu/K-riK iivJT}'] "wv nu;K nriKun
amount and add one-fifth to it, giving it to him "lU/K^ ]ny\ vbv qp"" lnu7"'nni 1u;k-i3
whom he has wronged. ^Îf the man has no
iiyj'rh bk^ îkb x^k-nK"]^ -Ab nu/K
kinsman'' to whom restitution can be made, the
IXi^b mn"'^ im'n'n, du^kh vbi^ bu/xn
amount repaid shall go to the Lord for the
priest — in addition to the ram of expiation with

: vbv 1:^—133^ nu/K Dnsan b^t^ •^%bn
which expiation is made on his behalf. '^'^So, too, birwi-in iw^;^-b'2b '^[hr^r\-b'2^^
any gift among the sacred donations that the u^-iKT 10 •.'r[i7[i 1^ -[Ti-zh innp^nu/K
Israelites offer shall be the priest's. "'And each
shall retain his sacred donations: each priest Q :
nir[i \b
shall keep what is given to him.
^5^12 :"i'p^^ r[\[j'irybK 7[Y[i "inTiji

"The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: '^Speak
urbiji rnwKT bkyiji "'J^-'^k
to the Israelite people and say to them:
If any man's wife has gone astray and broken
in nhvm lnu7K nut;;ri-'3 w^n wîf.
faith with him 'Mn that a man has had carnal Virnnpu; nn'K u/^n ^du/ti^ -.bvy^
relations with her unbeknown to her husband, K-'H") nnnpj") nu/iK ipvp '^bvy\
and she keeps secret the fact that she has defiled : ntpQnj kb K^T^^ t\% yK lyi nxpuj
herself without being forced, and there is no wit- mu/K-HK KîpT HKjp-nn vbv "inyi n
ness against her — ''but a fit of jealousy comes
HKjp-nn vbv iny-iK n^nuj Nin-i
over him and he is wrought up about the wife
:nK?3UJ iib K"'?!! InU/NTlN K^P")
who has defiled herself; or if a fit of jealousy
comes over one and he is wrought up about his
wife although she has not defiled herself ^Hhe

man shall bring his wife to the priest. And he ]rT'-k'pT ])3\i; vbv piii-kb w-iv^ nnp.
shall bring as an offering for her one-tenth of nnjp *i<.^r[ riKjp nnjn-'s np'? vbv
an ephah of barley flour. No oil shall be poured : \\V n-|3T)3 ]1"I3T
upon it and no frankincense shall be laid on it,
for it is a meal offering of jealousy, a meal

offering of remembrance which recalls wrong-
doing.
b Lit. "rcttccnier. t<.-<r\ ]iyuoi in^2D

c Cf. Lev. 5.15 f.
290
TORAH NUMBERS 5.26 naso' Ku;j n 111)21 rrnn
i6The priest shall bring her forward and have

her stand before the Lord. '^The priest shall
take sacral water in an earthen vessel and, taking "iu;k iDyri-])pT u/nn
viîpi n:^n"'
some of the earth that is on the floor of the Tab-
:n:')2rT-'7K ]nJi ]ri:2r[ nt?-" ]i\u'ip'n
ernacle, the priest shall put it into the water.
hin'' 'jq'7 n\i7Kn-nK ]'n2n Tpymis
iSAfter he has made the woman stand before the
n''33-'7V IpJl ^^^"Q ii^K-i-nK Vnai
Lord, the priest shall bare the woman's head'^
and place upon her hands the meal offering of Til Kin n'KJp nnj)3 pna-Tn npjp nx
remembrance, which is a meal offering of jeal- : DniKJpn nnTpn '>p vn^, ]'U^Li
ousy. And in the priest's hands shall be the water n\i7Kri-'7K "ipKT ]n3ri nn'K v^'ii^ni 19
of bitterness ''that induces the spell. -« i9The n^v\u K^-DKT "qriK V''K npiz; K'7-nK
priest shall adjure the woman, saying to her, "If
nnri nxpu
Dn)3ri •'}3)p
'Pin tijz/^k
no man has lain with you, if you have not gone
nnri n\uu7 'a jikt 20 : n'pKn DnnKpn
astray in defilement while married to your hus-
-riK ^T]! \iJ^K ]ri''i riKppj "pi i^w-'k
band, be immune to harm from this water of
bitterness that induces the spell. 20But if you y^nu/nvi :'qu7"'K "'7,v'7ip iJiis^;^
have gone astray while married to your husband

and have defiled yourself, if a man other than nhKb iinlK mn^ iri"- nii^x^p 'inan
your husband has had carnal relations with -riK mn^ nnî ^)2i7 "qinin r^vî^jb)
you" — 21 here the priest shall administer the
curse of adjuration to the woman, as the priest
goes on to say to the woman — "may the Lord nlny^ ^^V??;;! '!^î^^ nnnxipn Dîsn
I ]pK nwKri nnjpKT ^n^ bB:b) ]un
make you a curse and an imprecation among
your people, as the Lord causes your thigh to
sag and your belly to distend; 22may this water nDG3 ]ri3ri h^kh ri^Kn-riK nnDf23
that induces the spell enter your body, causing -riK ni7U7rTi24 :nn?3rT \n''7K nnm
the belly to distend and the thigh to sag." And iKni n^niKpn nnjpn "^pTiK nii/Kn
the woman shall say, "Amen, amen!" np.^125 :Dnn'7 nnnKJGri a^)3ri nn
23The priest shall put these curses down in
^nan
nKJpn nnj)3 riK n\i7Kn iîp
writing and rub it off into the water of bitterness.
nnpni mn^ 'js'? nnjKjriTiK iq^'pni
24He is to make the woman drink the water of
"IP ]ri:ir[ yTQp^)'-^ rnnmn-'^N rrn'K
bitterness that induces the spell, so that the
spell-inducing water may enter into her to bring nnnmn TiuprTi nnn3TK-nK hnj?3ri
on bitterness. 25Then the priest shall take from

the woman's hand the meal offering of jealousy,
elevate the meal offering before the Lord, and

present it on the altar. 26The priest shall scoop
out of the meal offering a token part of it and
turn it into smoke on the altar. Last, he shall
make the woman drink the water.
d See note at Lev. 10.6.

e-e Meaning of Ueb. uncertain.
291
TORAH NUMBERS 5.27 naso" Ku;j n "121)32 nmn
270nce he has made her drink the water — if
she has defiled herself by breaking faith with her

husband, the spell-inducing water shall enter
n'^DJT n3un nnn^T Dnn"? nn-iKari
into her to bring on bitterness, so that her belly
: n)3V nn.i^n n'px'? n^Kn nwri) nDT
shall distend and her thigh shall sag; and the
K^r\ ninuT nii^Kpi hktduj k'^'DK'! 28
woman shall become a curse among her people.
2»But if the woman has not defiled herself and
is pure, she shall be unharmed and able to re- nu7K nuu^n -iu;k n'KJpn niln riKT 29
tain seed. i]Ui<. \u^k lK-^t' :nKpujT Hu/'-K nnri

-•^This is the ritual in cases of jealousy, when
a woman goes astray while married to her hus- ntpyi nrni i^^b n^pKn-nx "fpifni
band and defiles herself, -"^ôr when a fit of jeal-
riKTri niinn-'â riK ]'n2r[ n^
njjJT 31 :
ousy comes over a man and he is wrought up

-riK Kti/n Kinn nwKrn fivn u/^kh
over his wife: the woman shall be made to stand
before the Lord and the priest shall carry out
all this ritual with her. ^'The man shall be clear

of guilt; but that woman shall suffer for her guilt.
\J The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2Speak n2"i2 nr^Kb nu/b-'^K mn-" -iniî I
to the Israelites and say to them: If anyone, man "Ik u/^k °n'?^ Î'?^") ^ÎP'' "'.^^"'^^
or woman, explicitly utters a nazirite's vow, to -i-in "iij HiJ^ k'7q:' ""b hwk
'^^>l'^[b
set himself apart for the Lord, ^he shall abstain
from wine and any other intoxicant; he shall not
Kb h'>22v n"iu;p-'73i nnu;"" i<b "i3iy
drink vinegar of wine or of any other intoxicant,
: '7DK'"' i i<b :iT"TV'i "'^^Vinn
eat anything that is obtained from the grape- -7^ iny^-K'? nv^ 'I'^P "il^. ''f?'''^^ ^
vine, even seeds or skin.*"
^Throughout the term of his vow as nazirite,

-b3 (^ : Wi<'^ lyu; yiQ bi). n^n'' û'lp^
no razor shall touch his head; it shall remain
: Kill Kb n)p \u^yb)j ^[^p^b iT'Trr 'p^
consecrated until the completion of his term as
-Kb innis'^T vriKb î2Kb^ v:iKb-
nazirite of the Lord, the hair of his head being
left to grow untrimmed. ^Throughout the term -biJ vribK -in -"s annn nn"? kdu""
that he has set apart for the Lord, he shall not
go in where there is a dead person. "Even if his
father or mother, or his brother or sister should
die, he must not defile himself for them, since
u Sre note ut Lex: 22.21.

h Meaning of Heb. harsannim ami zag limrr/ijifi.
291
TORAH NUMBERS 6.18 naso' Kii'J ^ "lIlTDin n-nn
c-hair set apart for his God-'^ is upon his head: -.'n-p-'b wn u/ij? nn >'n-> b'2» :Wk-)
^throughout his term as nazirite he is conse- K)3p"i uknB ynpn vb^j nn mTai-iDi 9
crated to the Lord.

i"? iri"inv °^"'? WK1 nb:^.) inn MiK"!
9If a person dies suddenly near him,<^ defiling
Kn^ 'ii"'nii7n Dvniio :iJin^p ""yniirri
his consecrated hair, he shall shave his head on
]n3ri-'7K ml"' -"j^ îv; Ik an'n ""riu;
the day he becomes clean; he shall shave it on
]n3n ntpvTii :iyln briK nn3-'7K
the seventh day. lOQn the eighth day he shall
bring two turtledoves or two pigeons to the vbv -1331 n^y'7 inKT nKun'7 IpK
priest, at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. lu/ki-riK u;ipi \u^^^r[-bv Kun "ii^kj?
1 iThe priest shall offer one as a sin offering and inn '^''-nK T^)rT>b -i-i-Tni 12 : i<:^rl'r[ ni^n
the other as a burnt offering, and make expia- nîp^m T}\LJKb lnj\;;-]3 t:;33 x^nni
tion on his behalf for the guilt that he incurred
: l"in Kpu "'S ^bB"; bn'ii/K-in
through the corpse. That same day he shall re-
')?;' hi<br;i nl^3 i^nn nnin riKn 13
consecrate his head i2and rededicate to the
nv'\)2 briK nn3-'7K inx K^n^ inn
Lord his term as nazirite; and he shall bring a
lamb in its first year as a penalty offering. The -]3 °u;33 nin^^ iJinj^-nK nnpni 14
previous period shall be void, since his conse- npK nu;33i n^y^ hriK U'>i2n mp
crated hair was defiled. inK-'7^Kinxun^ nn^pn nnjU7-n3
i3This is the ritual for the nazirite: On the day n^n n^D nlyp '701 15 :u^)2b\Ljb u^)2P\
that his term as nazirite is completed, he« shall D-'HU/n nlyn 'p.^'pni ri'7i'73
])p^3
be brought to the entrance of the Tent of Meet-
:Dn"'3pJi nnmpi ]i2f:i
ing. i4As his offering to the Lord he shall pre-
-nK ntf/yi mn^ ^^^b in'sn nnpni le
sent: one male lamb in its first year, without
nti/y;' '^^KH-riKi i" :lriyy-nKi inxun
blemish, for a burnt offering; one ewe lamb in
its first year, without blemish, for a sin offering; nu;yi nl-îan "70 "72; nin-'Vo"'??^!^ n3T
one ram without blemish for an offering of n'pAiis :l3prnKi irimp-riK ]n3n
well-being; i5a basket of unleavened cakes of inn u/K'n-riK ivm briK nn3 '^^hrl
choice flour with oil mixed in, and unleavened \ukri-bv )n2^ Inn u/xn nvuz-nx npb'i
wafers spread with oil; and the proper meal
:D'')3'7wn nni nnrrnu/K
offerings and libations.
i6The priest shall present them before the

Lord and offer the sin offering and the burnt
offering. ^"He shall offer the ram as a sacrifice
of well-being to the Lord, together with the

basket of unleavened cakes; the priest shall also
offer the meal offerings and the libations. i^The
nazirite shall then shave his consecrated hair,
at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, and take

the locks of his consecrated hair and put them
c-c Others "his consecration unto God."

d Cf. Num. 19.14-16.
e Or "it," i.e., the consecrated hair; cf. v. 19.
293
TORAH NUMBERS 6.18 naso' Ku;j 1 "IDIDII n-nn
on the fire that is under the sacrifice of well-
being.
'^The priest shall take the shoulder of the ram -iriK '^•'^r[ ^B2-hv inji ihk n-yjp
when it has been boiled, one unleavened cake
inânn
I ]n'3rT DniK°c)''jrn 20 : i-irrriK
from the basket, and one unleavened wafer, and
bv ]'n3b Kin i^/ip 'n'ln-' ^jq"? hDijn
place them on the hands of the nazirite after he
has shaved his consecrated hair. -OThe priest
-inK") npnnrT pw bv) 7]'t'\2r\r[ nin
shall elevate them as an elevation offering before

:]"'T
i^nn nnu;i
the Lord; and this shall be a sacred donation ljii"ii7 11^ -iu;k iûri nnin riKTî
for the priest, in addition to the breast of the
elevation offering and the thigh of gift offering.

After that the nazirite may drink wine.
-'Such is the obligation of a nazirite; except
that he who vows an offering to the Lord of

-I5T23 :i>3k'? nu;n-'7K ^^p^ "^^T^-^-
what he can afford, beyond his nazirite require-
ments, must do exactly according to the vow iînn n3 ixiK^ "i"'.^?''^^! rnK"'7K
that he has made beyond his obligation as a D -.urib "linK bK'W'< ""JnTiK
nazirite.
D : "^w} ^'^K v)B I mn"' nk^ 25
--The Lord spoke to Moses: 23Speak to Aaron •^7 T'JQ mn^ Kti7"'26
npi"] ?i"''7K I
and his sons: Thus shall you bless the people

D -.mbxu
of Israel. Say to them:
'JKT '^Kiti;"' 'J2i-'7V ""puz-riK m^J^27
24The Lord bless you and protect you!
2 :DD"inK
25The Lord /-deal kindly and graciously with
you!-/
26The Lord g-bestow His favor-s upon you

and grant you peace!''
-"Thus they shall link My name with the peo-

ple of Israel, and I will bless them.
7 On the day that Moses finished setting up •n ^>'^['>^

I
the Tabernacle, he anointed and consecrated it

-riKi iriK u/ij?^"! iriK n\ij'i2'>,) i3u;73n
and all its furnishings, as well as the altar and T''73-'73-nKT n3T73n-nK1 T''73-'73
its utensils. When he had anointed and conse-
''KW2 "mnp""! - :Dn"N iz/ip"'"! nnu/n"")
crated them, 2the chieftains of Israel, the heads
"N^ti/j DH Dn'3K n"'3 "'i^Ki bîiu^
of ancestral houses, namely, the chieftains of the
tribes, those who were in charge of enrollment,
' / Olhen "make His face to shine upon ihee and be graiioui to
thee."
g-g Others "lift up His countenance.

"
h Or "fhendship.
294
—
TORAH NUMBERS 7.19 naso' KU'J T "1:21)3:1 n-nn
drew near" 3and brought their offering before -u;u7 nin^ '>)^b un^^p^-nK iK-'n^p
the Lord: six draught carts and twelve oxen, ^)\ij-bv r[b:xv "ii7ii nti/y '>)p^ nY ri^^v
a cart for every two chieftains and an ox for
each one.
-idk\t.4 :]3u;)3ri '^JQ^ nniK innpiii
When they had brought them before the Tab-
vn) unKp npj tipK^p r[\u')2-bK mn""
ernacle, 4the Lord said to Moses: SAccept these
from them for use in the service of the Tent of

nnnj") ipn briK npy-riK inyb'
Meeting, and give them to the Levites according : ininv 'p3 u/^K Dî^rT'7K bniK
to their respective services. -ipnn-nKi ri^^yn-riK nu;'?3 nj^îe
6Moses took the carts and the oxen and gave m^j I nK7 : nnlK ]n'>^
D^'i'pri-'rK
them to the Levites. ^Two carts and four oxen '>nb ]nj "ii7nn ny?1K nKi ^\b^v,T^
he gave to the Gershonites, as required for their
y^lK I riKTs iDnnni/ 'pa ]W')Oi
service, ând four carts and eight oxen he gave
nip •'nb ]nj -li^nn nl^î:; nxi r\b:\vr[
to the Merarites, as required for their service
under the direction of Ithamar son of Aaron the

: ]ri3n nnK-]n -i)pn"'i<h:'3 nniny ^d3
priest. 9But to the Kohathites he did not give
\ij'i;pri niny-ia ]nj i<b nnp "'jn'pi?
any; since theirs was the service of the [most] tiKW"" rjnaii ^tjbv
sacred objects, their porterage was by shoulder.
K'The chieftains also brought the dedication
offering for the altar upon its being anointed.

mn'' "DpK"! 11 : nnmn ^)^b DJîp-nK
As the chieftains were presenting their offerings
hriK Kû/j Di^^ nriK k^\u2 nyj')2-bi<,
before the altar, ifthe Lord said to Moses: Let
n3jn^ ajn-ij7-nK innp^ di^"?
them present their offerings for the dedication
D :nnmri
of the altar, one chieftain each day.
i2The one who presented his offering on the m"!i7-nK pu/Kin Di^n nnpian ^n;'! 12
first day was Nahshon son of Amminadab of the -.ni'^w nu)3^ nirjay-]^ ]Wm
tribe of Judah. i^His offering: one silver bowl wpbp nriK ciD3-m.i7i7 m-ipTn
weighing 130 shekels and one silver basin of 70 D-'ynu; qoa hriK pnin "ribp^\u'i2 nxjai
shekels by the sanctuary weight, both filled with
n'p'D nmbr: \ un^w u^n'jjn b\?,^:i b\?,^
choice flour with oil mixed in, for a meal
nyuv nuK tg u -,
nnjip"? init^n nb^b::!
offering; iône gold ladle of 10 shekels, filled
-ii73-]3 iriK "13 15 :n"iup T^Kbt2 anr
with incense; iSone bull of the herd, one ram,
and one lamb in its first year, for a burnt
:n^y^ "i^^^"!^ "fnx-u/na thk bî<.
offering; ifône goat for a sin offering; 'ând for naT^Ti7 :nKun^ npK u^îj-^^vp ^^
his sacrifice of well-being: two oxen, five rams, n\i7?pn a'p^'K h^ûj -ij^n ^wizbwn
five he-goats, and five yearling lambs. That was nji/jpn mu7""'J3 nw:i:2 nti^pn aninv
the offering of Nahshon son of Amminadab.
i80n the second day, Nethanel son of Zuar,
"iyiy]n "^Kjnj nnpn ^Jiyn bi='5 is
chieftain of Issachar, made his offering. i^He

presented as his offering: one silver bowl weigh-
fl C/ Exod. 14.10.
295
TORAH NUMBERS 7.19 naso' KWJ T "linD!! n-nn
ing 130 shekels and one silver basin of 70 shekels

by the sanctuary weight, both tilled with choice bp\u::i bpv; D''V=i^ ^^5 "^^^ Pl^^
flour with oil mixed in, for a meal offering; 20one nb^b:! nb'v u^kbi2 \ dh^ju; wnpn
gold ladle of 10 shekels, filled with incense; 2 one
1
nni nntz;y nnx ci3 2o :nn;)p^ ])pwn

bull of the herd, one ram, and one lamb in its
'^'K ni73-]5 nriK nQ2i :niup nK'773
first year, for a burnt offering; --one goat for a
:n'7V^ "injw-in nnK-u;n3 npN
sin offering; 23and for his sacrifice of well-being:
two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five year- nnT'?^:^ :riKun'7 npK D^-TVfvu; 22
ling lambs. That was the offering of Nethanel
son of Zuar.
-•*On the third day, it was the chieftain of the
Zebulunites, Eliab son of Helon. -^His offering: nK'i'rK ]b^-2] ''nb K'>m '>vj^b]^rihv'^ 24
one silver bowl weighing 130 shekels and one

silver basin of 70 shekels by the sanctuary
r]p3 iriK plTD )lbp^\lJ12 HKpl uwb]ij
weight, both filled with choice flour with oil
DH^Ju; u/ipn b\?w:i b\;ivj uî^^p
meal offering; 2<ône gold ladle
I
mixed in, for a
of 10 shekels, filled with incense; -'one bull ot .nm-Db ]'nw2. n^p wkbr^
n'7i'73
the herd, one ram, and one lamb in its first year, :nn'vp TM<.br2 nnt n'wv npK 1^326
for a burnt offering; -«one goat for a sin offering; inx-u/ns iriK '7"'k ni?^-]^ iiik -i3 27
2'ând for his sacrifice of well-being: two oxen, inK n-'TV-n^vt^ 2,s
:n'7V'7 lnju;-]5
five rams, five he-goats, and five yearling lambs.
h->m ^[73 ^J3^\i7rT nnT'7T 29 : nKun'7
That was the offering of Eliab son of Helon.
Dit^33 nii^nn "'"iriv n\i7^n ub'>i^
"ôOn the fourth day, it was the chieftain of
the Reubenites, Elizur son of Shedeur. -^'His
-]3 ^K-'b'K ]3-!i7
nr nwpn nJU7""'Jî
bowl weighing 130 shekels Q :i'7n

offering: one silver
and one silver basin of 70 shekels by the sanc- ]niN-i •'jn'7 N^t^/j 'V''?")n ni='5 3o
tuary weight, both filled with choice flour with -mvi? iJ:;ili7-'i : iwiw-in ny^'^K
oil mixed in, for a meal offering; -^-one gold ladle p-jTp 'nîû/n HKni n^\ijb\u niiN iqp3
of 10 shekels, filled with incense; 33one bull of
MJi^ri b\?,\u2. b]?p n"'ynu; r|D3 itiK
the herd, one ram, and one lamb in its first year,
])2f^ n'7i'73 n^D u-'kb'n nn'>2\iJ 1
for a burnt offering; 34one goat for a sin offer-

HK^Ta nriT rrwv npK ^3 3: rinmb :
ing; 35and for his sacrifice of well-being: two

oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five yearling
iriK '7"'K
"1i73-]3
IRK "13 33 niUi?
—I'lyu/'i :n'7V'7 lnju;-]3 nnK-u;n3
lambs. That was the offering of Elizur son ot
Shedeur. D'ln'pwn n^Tî v^ :riKt)n'7 ihk nny

On the fifth day, it was the chieftain of the n\f7nn Dînv nwnn d'7"'k b^Jif; ~ii73
Simeonites, Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai.
3"His offering: one silver bowl weighing 130
shekels and one silver basin of 70 shekels by the

]^Vl2\u \nb K'lu/J 'U>"'pnrT m^'n "^
sanctuary weight, both filled with choice flour

-n-iyj? iii3"ii7 37 :''-i\^niy-]3 '7N"'n^\f;
2%
TORAH NUMBERS /.55 naso" Nu;j T "131)33 n-nn
with oil mixed in, for a meal offering; 38one gold p"iT)3 "nî;:^?? HKTpT n^]ijb\ij nnx côa
ladle of 10 shekels, filled with incense; ^ône bull
of the herd, one ram, and one lamb in its first
year, for a burnt offering; -Ôone goat for a sin

hk'??? nnr nyzjv nriK iq3 38 :nnjn^
offering; ^land for his sacrifice of well-being:
-rriK b-fK ni73-]3 iriK "1339 :nnui7
two oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five year-
ling lambs. That was the offering of Shelumiel
son of Zurishaddai. 'u^r;]b\ur[ nnr'pTJi nKun"? inx di-tv
'i20n the sixth day, it was the chieftain of the
Gadites, Eliasaph son of Deuel. 43His offering: ]nii7 HT n\i7)pn mu;"^J3 "'U/na
one silver bowl weighing 130 shekels and one 3 :"'iU7niy-]3 bi<,'''nbp
silver basin of 70 shekels by the sanctuarv'
^'D^bi^ i; '>nb i<.^\u2 ^]ij\^'n bl='3 42
weight, both filled with choice flour with oil
nfiK c^DB-n-iyp. iJîi?^ : "7^^1-1^
mixed in, for a meal offering; -i-ione gold ladle
of 10 shekels, filled with incense; 'iône bull of

r]p3 iriK pim "nbpp'n 'riKm d^^^/'^û;
the herd, one ram, and one lamb in its first year, I nn^w u/npn b2^j:l bpyj u^v^\ij
for a burnt offering; 46one goat for a sin offer- .nn:ii2b ])p\£7n r[b^b::l n'p'p u^kbri
ing; 47and for his sacrifice of well-being: two :n-iuj7 nxû nriT nntz;y nnx 1^344
oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five yearling inK-tl7n3 TIIK ^7^^ iflK -|9 45
"1i73-]3
lambs. That was the offering of Eliasaph son of
Deuel.
"ww "ipB D"'n'7\i^n nn6i4: iriKun^
isQn the seventh day, it was the chieftain of
D^tz7n3 n\i7)pn Dîriv nwi^n d'7-'k
the Ephraimites, Elishama son of Ammihud.
-]3 ^vibi<, HT nwT^n mu/'^Jn
49His offering: one silver bowl ^veighing 130 ]3-)i7
shekels and one silver basin of 70 shekels by the 2 : biiWl,
sanctuan' weight, both filled with choice flour n.QK ^nb K^tz/j ^V"'=i^n d1='548
with oil mixed in, for a meal offering; -""Oone gold nnyi? m-!i7 49 :nn^?3V"]3 :J^\L^^bK
ladle of 10 shekels, filled with incense; sione bull p1]'D')ibpvj)2''nKm u^vjbMJ nriK i^ps
of the herd, one ram, and one lamb in its first
u/npri bpv):i bp\LJ u^V2p ^v'2 iriK
year, for a burnt offering; ^-one goat for a sin
])3W3 r[b'\b::i n^'p "'k'?)? i an-'ju;
offering; S-ând for his sacrifice of well-being:
and five year-

hk'pp nriT nntf/y npK qa 50 : nmr^b
two oxen, five rams, five he-goats,
iriK '^^x îîi-in iriK 15 31 :n"i'up
ling lambs. That was the offering of Elishama
son of Ammihud. n^yti^- :n'?V';' iriJi:/-]^ inK-wna
540n the eighth day, it was the chieftain of D^p^pwri nnT'7T 33 : riKun'p nnx n^-Ty
the Manassites, Gamaliel son of Pedahzur. ^^His nii^nn nnny n\irpn '^•'k b"';!:; ii73
]3"ii7 HT n^^nn nJu;""'J3 °T??
nii^jp ^n"? K""!:;] ^^>P^n bi''5 54
-nnvi? ijnii7 35 :-nY-n-]3-i3 '7k''^?pa
297
TORAH NUMBERS 7.55 naso' KMJi T "tnDIl min
offering: one silver bowl weighing 130 shekels
and one silver basin of 70 shekels by the sanc- u;nj7n bpyJ'A bpvj n'>v^\ij r|D3 iriK
tuary weight, both filled with choice flour with ])pwn nb^bii nb'v u-^kbr^ i rr'ju;
oil mixed in, for a meal offering; 56 one gold ladle
of 10 shekels, filled with incense; sône bull of
--î^jiijsH -.nb'vb lnju;-]3 iriK-u/na
for a burnt offering; '^^'one goat for a sin offer-
ing; ?*ând for his sacrifice of well-being: two n-'n'pii/n nnîsy :nKun'7 nnx d^tv
oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five yearling nwpn anny nwnn nbî<. b^ju; ~ii73
lambs. That was the offering of Gamaliel son

of Pedahzur. D :m:^n"i3-]:i bt<,^bm
60On the ninth day, it was the chieftain of the
'>nb 'V"'U7nnbl'»3 6o
nînK ])3^jn K^tz/J
Benjaminites, Abidan son of Gideoni. îHis
nriK cipa-mvi; mni^^'i :^lyiri3
of 70 shekels by the sanc-

c]p3 iriK pnrn "nîû/n HKnT wwbw
and one silver basin
nri'iju;
tuary weight, both filled with choice flour with
I
^li?0 "î?^? ^\?W °'V^^

oil mixed in, for a meal offering; ^ône gold ladle :nnjp'7 ]r2f'2 ^b^b:l nVp "'k'?)?
of 10 shekels, filled with incense; ^-''one bull of :niup hk'pp nriT niu/i; nriK i^3 62
the herd, one ram, and one lamb in its first year, inK-u/na ipK b'î<, ipn-]^ iriK iS"
for a burnt offering; ^ône goat for a sin offer- inK (^^ •'^^^^ iriJU/"!^
u''lv^'^^'l!^J
ing; ^5and for his sacrifice of well-being: two
"u-':ip npn "'n'pii/n nnT'71^5 inKun"?
oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five yearling
Dû/ns n\i7)3n nnny nii^jpn nbî<
lambs. That was the offering of Abidan son of
Gideoni.
was the chieftain of the D : 'jyij
660n the tenth day, it
Danites, Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai. 67His

offering: one silver bowl weighing 130 shekels niiK ripD-niyp ibip^^ -.i^w^r^v-]:!
and one silver basin of 70 shekels by the sanc- c]p3 inK pirn )r\b]?\uT2 HKni n-'\ub\u
tuary weight, both filled with choice flour with
I nrfjw Îpn bp\u:i bpui D^ynw
oil mixed in, for a meal offering; 68one gold ladle
:nnj)p'7 ])pwn n'îb'n nVp u^kb-n
of 10 shekels, filled with incense; ^ône bull of
:nnpp ^^^f? ^DI ^"W^: ^D^ ^-^^^
for a burnt offering; ^ône goat for a sin offering;

iriK-U/nD ipK bii<. npn-13 iriN is ^9
71 and for his sacrifice of well-being: two oxen, "tpK D^-Ty—i"'i;u7 7(1 :nVi7'7 injw]?
five rams, five he-goats, and five yearling lambs. h->^vj "ipn D"'n'p\i7n nnT'7171 :nKun'7
That was the offering of Ahiezer son of Ammi- D^ma n\f7)pn nnnv nif^np d'^-'n
shaddai. -[3 "iivTiK ]5"ip HT nu;pn nju;-'j3

''20n the eleventh day, it was the chieftain
of the Asherites, Pagiel son of Ochran. "^His
-iu;k •'p'? K^ti/j ni^ itf/y ""nwv Q^''? 7^
iqpa-niyp i33-ip7^ m^V"]^ bi<.^vy^
298
TORAH NUMBERS 7. KU/j T "inDIl n-nn
and one silver basin of 70 shekels by the sanc-

tuan^ weight, both filled \vith choice flour with I un^w u/ipn 'îû/n b\?,vJ n^yni^ riD3
oil mixed in, for a meal offering; "-ône gold ladle :nnj)3'7 ])pm nb^b^. nb'v u^kbu
of 10 shekels, filled with incense; "ône bull of
:nnup hk'?)? nriT n'wv nriK ^374
for a burnt offering; '"ône goat for a sin offer-
ing; ""and for his sacrifice of well-being: two

inx ni-Ti7""i"'Vti^ "6 :nb''i7'7 10^^"1^
oxen, five rams, five he-goats, and five yearling "u^2p "ii7ii D"'n^wn nn6T " : nxun^
lambs. That was the offering of Pagiel son of "wna n\i77pn anriv nii^pn d'^-'k
Ochran.
"80n the twelfth day, was the chieftain of
it
3 :
ppy
the Naphtalites, Ahira son of Enan. "^His

qos-nnyi? iJ3ii7 79 :]r2;-]n yiTiK
and one silver basin of 70 shekels by the sanc-
inx p-jTD nî7\:;>3 HKnT u^]ub^ nriK
tuar)' weight, both filled with choice flour with
oil mixed in, for a meal offering; -Ôone gold ladle i un^2p wi'i^n b\^,^j:Il b\?,vj n^ynu; 1^03
of 10 shekels, filled with incense; ^lone bull of :nm?p'7 ])pw5 n^D d^k'?^
nb^b:i
the herd, one ram, and one lamb in its first year, :n-i;up TM<br2 nnt nyuv nriK qaso
for a burnt offering; sône goat for a sin offering; nriK-wns nriK b-^K ii^3-]3 inx nasi
83and for his sacrifice of well-being: two oxen, iriK iriJ^"!^
wiv-]->vp»2 -.ribvb
five rams, five he-goats, and five yearling lambs.
That was the offering of Ahira son of Enan.
uw:i2 ni£7Dn nnny n^^nn ub''K
84This was the dedication offering for the altar
from the chieftains of Israel upon its being

anointed: silver bowls, 12; silver basins, 12; gold
ladles, 12. sssilver per bowl, 130; per basin, 70. in'K n\i7?3n bvii nimn naan nkT84 1
Total silver of vessels, 2,400 sanctuar)' shekels. n^y]\Lj r^p-^ n'-iyp '7K"!tz;^ î<^^\^2 nx)?
86The 12 gold ladles fiUed with incense — 10 sanc- nnj nlQ3 itpy d^ju; rioD-'pnm niwy
tuary shekels per ladle — total gold of the ladles,
120.
^3 inxn pnT)3rT n^ynii;! tqD3 nriKri
87Total of herd animals for burnt offerings,
nlK)3-y3-lKl "'3^K D^'^SH
12 bulls; of rams, 12; of yearling lambs, 12 —with b\p,\u:2. t:iD3
their proper meal offerings; of goats for sin

n"i.tz;i;-n"'nu7 nnr nl53 86 :u;"T'i7n
offerings, 12. ssjotal of herd animals for sac- ^pu/n qsn nnu/y rtnti/y nnup nxb'Tp
rifices of well-being, 24 bulls; of rams, 60; of -.rîî^^ Dnti;i; ni33n 3nT-^3 u/i'pn
nns nt^v Qiju; n^V^ -ipsn-"?:) 8/
w^p T^2^!-^2^ u^p23'îuv-n^2p ub-'i<>

-iU7i7 n\2\u D1-TV ""TV^^ DpnjDT ~iU;y
uîbbMJ-n nnr 1
-ii73 '73'i88 :nKunV
u^\i;v; ub^K bnQ nynnxT nnt:;y
299
TORAH NUMBERS IX NASO' K\yj T "inDil n-nn
he-goats, 60; of yearling lambs, 60. That was Di\i7U/ njuz-'i^s D'lwna xi'^^^ ""[i^V
the dedication offering for the altar after its :iriK nwTpn nriK nyimry nsjn riKT
anointing.
«*^When Moses went into the Tent of Meeting

to speak with Him, he would hear the Voice
addressing him from above the cover that was

on top of the Ark of the Pact between the two D :T''7K "iiiT'i "'man
cherubim; thus He spoke to him.
8BE-HA'AL0TEKHA
The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2Speak
to Aaron and say to him, "When you mount"

the lamps, let the seven lamps give light at
the front of the lampstand." Âaron did so;
he mounted the lamps at the front of the
lampstand, as the Lord had commanded

mn'' mv IJF^s 7''^'^^
"^^.^J}
rtr\ynr\
— ^Now nu/pn n"iJ)3ri rwvyi nn ^ : nu/b-riK

Moses. this is how the lampstand was
made: it was hammered work of gold, ham-

mered from base to petal. According to the pat- ]3 nibn-riK nin^ r\'i^'yr[ nu7>< nK-i?33
tern that the Lord had shown Moses, so was 3 :mj?3n-n^ twv
the lampstand made.
5The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: ^Take the

Levites from among the Israelites and cleanse
n-rn xr\r\\b bn'p nwi7n-n3v :DnK
them. "This is what you shall do to them to
on them water of -b-y-bv^VTy '\-v'ivjy\, riKun "-p xirpbv

cleanse them: sprinkle
purification, and let them go over their whole inpb^TH :nnum Drriip lonî diu;^
body with a razor, and wash their clothes; thus
they shall be cleansed. ^Let them take a bull of :nKun'7 npn ^P^"]^ W^?^
the herd, and with it a meal offering of choice niîpni^
iVi)3 briv. -^y^h ''•I'pri-nK
flour with oil mixed in, and you take a second
:bK"jU;T "'js niy-Vs-riK n^npni
bull of the herd for a sin offering. ^You shall
bring the Levites forward before the Tent of

xi-^jirs-bv Dnn-'-nK '7K-iU;^-^jn
Meeting. Assemble the whole Israelite commu- :
nity, '"and bring the Levites forward before the

Lord. Let the Israelites lay their hands upon the
Levites, "and let Aaron designate'' the Levites
before the Lord as an elevation offering from
a Cf. Exod. 25..17.

h Lit. "elevate."
300
TORAH NUMBERS 8.22 be-haalotekha in'î/nn n ~im)3n min
the Israelites, that they may perform the service -riK iDwp"' b='i^riii2 tmn^ ni'nv
of the Lord. i2The Levites shall now lay their
hands upon the heads of the bulls; one shall be

r[)r['>b n^y inKn-nKT riKun nriKn
offered to the Lord as a sin offering and the
other as a burnt offering, to make expiation for
'jQ^l pHK •'JQ^ nî^n-riK ninym b
the Levites.
13 You shall place the Levites in attendance
•.TTp^b nDijn nn'K najni vn
upon Aaron and his sons, and designate them
as an elevation offering to the Lord. i-^Thus you D^'i'pri iK'n^ p-nnKi 15 :D;'i'7ri ^^ Tim
shall set the Levites apart from the Israelites, and
the Levites shall be Mine. isThereafter the Le- D-'jriJ D"'iriJ°"'3 16 :nEnjn nn'K riQjri'i
vites shall be qualified for the service of the Tent
nipQnnri bK'^p1 in "^m-n ^b hipri
of Meeting, once you have cleansed them and
''nn^b bk'iiij'' 'jnp ^Va "iiDn nnV'â
designated them as an elevation offering. i^For
bk'^p1 ""pn Sl32i-'7D ''7 ^3 17 -.lb nn'K
they are formally assigned to Me from among
the Israelites: I have taken them for Myself in
nl33-'73 'Jisn Di^n nprinni d"tk3
place of all the first issue of the womb, of all the

:-''7 nn'K ""riu/^pn anyp yiK^
first-born of the Israelites, ''For every first-born
i
^jnn "iiDn-b's nnri Dî^n-riK ni?Ki is
among the Israelites, man as well as beast, is I Q-'jnj aî'pn-nK ninK'119 :'7K-jt;;'»
Mine; consecrated them to Myself at the time

I
i^^b'^Kipi •'J3"^T|inj3 vhb^ nn^^^
that I smote every first-born in the land of Egypt.
I8N0W I take the Levites instead of every
^nn ri^rii Kb) bi<,'^p1 ^Jn-by '^B'2b^
first-born of the Israelites; iând from among
the Israelites I formally assign the Levites to
-bK '7K"iU7"'-'J5 nmn cjAJ 'bK'^p'!
Aaron and his sons, to perform the service for

the Israelites in the Tent of Meeting and to make -in riii7-'7Di nnKi nu;n U7i;î2o
expiation for the Israelites, so that no plague mn^ niy-"iU7K Vds ti''.l'?^ bK'^\u'!
may afflict the Israelites '^for coming^ too near in nrjb ^tf/y-]? dî"?^ nu;')2-nK
the sanctuary.
iD35''T Dî'^n ^Kunri;'"!2i :'7Knu7''
20Moses, Aaron, and the whole Israelite com-
'jd'7 nsijn Dn'K inrrK iqj^T nnnAS
munity did with the Levites accordingly; just as
:DnrTU^ nnK nriibv iQ?;'! mni
the Lord had commanded Moses in regard to
the Levites, so the Israelites did with them. 2 iThe

-riK -i:ivb Dî^n ikii ]5-nnKi22
Levites purified themselves and washed their JD^T nriK 'Jd'7 -[i;m briK:^ DOl?i(
clothes; and Aaron designated them as an ele-
vation offering before the Lord, and Aaron

made expiation for them to cleanse them.
22Thereafter the Levites were qualified to per-
form their service in the Tent of Meeting, under

Aaron and his sons. As the Lord had com-
c-c Lit. "when the Israelites come.'
301
TORAH NUMBERS 8.22 be-ha alotekha in'7vnn n imnn rnin
manded Moses in regard to the Levites, so they
did to them.
-^The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: --iThis is

nKT24 nbK^ nu/b-'^K mn-" n3i''T23
the rule tor the Levites. From twenty-five years
of age up they shall participate in the work force

in the service of the Tent of Meeting; 25but at
the age of fifty they shall retire from the work

force and shall serve no more. -^They may assist -riN niu;i2(^ :iiy inv] iib^ npyn
their brother Levites at the Tent of Meeting by nn)pu;)p 'i'n\ub '[V^^n '^nio t'iik
standing guard, but they shall perform no labor. u^^^bb r\\;jvn n33 iny^ lib nnnyi
Thus you shall deal with the Levites in regard
Q : Dn"-|)3U;n3
to their duties.
^ The Lord spoke to Moses in the wilderness
of Sinai, on the first new moon of the second nnv)3 y-iK)? nriKy^ n^JiErrT njit/a
year following the exodus from the land of
-"jn ^^T^^ n'wK'? pu7K~in u/in^
Egypt, saying: -Let the Israelite people offer the
ni;3-iK3 3 :i"ti;1m npsn-riK bicw^,
passover sacrifice at its set time: -^you shall offer
it on the fourteenth day of this month, at twi-
light, at its set time; you shall offer it in accord-

T)uau;)3-'733T i^npn-'733 liynn iriK
ance with all its rules and rites. :1n'K WVT\

-iMoses instructed the Israelites to offer the n^vb bip[}v^, 'J3-'7K nu/b ~i3i''i4
passover sacrifice; ând they offered the pass- pu;K"!3 npsn-JiK iwy^Ts :npQn
over sacrifice in the first month, on the four-
teenth day of the month, at twilight, in the
-riK h'ln'i mY nu/K b''2'£ ""rp nsinn
wilderness of Sinai. lust as the Lord had com-
manded Moses, so the Israelites did.
: bKW^, 'J3 WV ]3 Hli/n
^But there were some men who were unclean

by reason of a corpse and could not offer the
01=13 npsn-nu/y^ i^3^-k"'7T dik
passover sacrifice on that day. Appearing that pnK ""jaî nu/b ^)^b li-ip"} Kinn
same day before Moses and Aaron, 'those men
said to them," "Unclean though we are by rea- r[y^b DiK wDj'? n^K?pu ijrjk v^k
son of a corpse, why must we be debarred from 3npn
hin-i ]3-!i7-nN 'n'73'7 yijj
presenting the Lord's offering at its set time
Dn'7N "inK""! H : Vkiu/"' ""js '^'in3 i"ivn3
with the rest of the Israelites?" f^Moses said to
them, "Stand by, and let me hear what instruc-
tions the Lord gives about you."
a :D3^
''And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: "I3TI" :i)3K'7 nU;b-'7K mn-- -|3T'T'
a Lit. "him."
302
TORAH NUMBERS 9.20 be-haalotekha in'7i7rrn u miDn n-nn
lOSpeak to the Israelite people, saying: When ->3 \ij^K uz-iK i')3k'7 ^k"iu7"' '':i:i'bi<.
any of you or of your posterity who are defiled
by a corpse or are on a long journey would offer : mn-'b' nop ^[^JV^ wj-^ri-iih Ik wiib
a passover sacrifice to the Lord, iithey shall
offer it in the second month, on the fourteenth
day of the month, at twilight. They shall eat it
with unleavened bread and bitter herbs, '-and

~ii7i"TV \mi2 n^KU/^Kî^ :inb'3K"'
they shall not leave any of it over until morning.

They shall not break a bone of it. They shall offer
it in strict accord with the law of the passover
sacrifice. i-'^But if a man who is clean and not
on a journey refrains from offering the passover

Kti7T iKun 11^733 nnpn i<b nin^
sacrifice, that person shall be cut off from his
.i<,^r[n u/^kh
kin, for he did not present the Lord's offering
n1n'''7 nus nti/yi nil aDPiK -iip-'dt h
at its set time; that man shall bear his guilt.
'-*And when a stranger who resides ^\'ith you

would ofter a passover sacrifice to the Lord, he nniK^pT ^^b) nf)^ wn^, nnx
nnx nfpn
must offer it in accordance \vith the rules and D :
vi^n
rites of the passover sacrifice. There shall be one
law for you, %\'hether stranger or citizen of the
countr\'.
n^rr"' nnynT nivn bri^b ]3u;>3n-nK
]3i6 :"ii7'3-ny U7K-nK-in3 ]2]u'Bn-bv
i50n the day that the Tabernacle was set up,
u;K-nKiJ3T ^JiD3^ ]jyn iîbn n^n^
the cloud covered the Tabernacle, the Tent of
the Pact; and in the evening it rested over the brikri b^j-Q \iv'n ni'pvri -'hb^ i- :n^^'7
Tabernacle in the likeness of fire until morning. i\^K DlpnnT bif^-wi 'jn lyp"' ]3-nnKi
iÎt wdLS always so: the cloud covered it, appear- :^K-iu;i ""jn ijn^ nu; ]jyn n\i7-]3u;"'
ing as fire by night. 'Ând whenever the cloud ^B'bv) bkip^ ^n lyp^ nin^ ^^'bv is
lifted from the Tent, the Israelites would set out

pyn ]3U7^ -)\ui<. ^t'l'b'^ ijn: mn^
accordingly; and at the spot where the cloud set-
tled, there the Israelites would make camp. iÂt
bi<.l\U^-^22 ^']t2p^ "'3-1 D^n: ]3U7)3n
a command of the Lord the Israelites broke
camp, and at a command of the Lord they made

\i;2']2o ;^^î iib-] npi n"!?p\z;?3-nK
camp: they remained encamped as long as the ]3u;?3n-'7V -i3pp D"'^^ pyn n^n^ iii/K
cloud stayed over the Tabernacle. ''^VVhen the :ii;D"' mn'' ^'B-b:J^ lin"' mn'' 'B-'?^
cloud lingered over the Tabernacle many days,
the Israelites obser\'ed the Lord's mandate and
did not journey on. -'At such times as the cloud
rested over the Tabernacle for but a few days,
they remained encamped at a command of the

Lord, and broke camp at a command of the n bv Tipj V. 10.
303
TORAH NUMBERS 9.20 be-ha alotekha in'7vn3 u "I3"iw:n min
Lord. 2iAnd at such times as the cloud stayed ni7'3-TV r^nvn i^vn n^r\'> iwk u;:'12i
from evening until morning, they broke camp nb^^) Djpl-" In ivdjt "ii7'33 ]jyrT nbvjT
as soon as the cloud lifted in the morning. Day
or night, whenever the cloud lifted, they would
break camp. --Whether it was two days or a
month or a year — however long the cloud lin-
gered over the Tabernacle —the Israelites re-
mained encamped and did not set out; only

when it lifted did they break camp. -Ôn a sign
from the Lord they made camp and on a sign
from the Lord they broke camp; they observed

the Lord's mandate at the Lord's bidding
through Moses.
10 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2Have

two silver trumpets made; make them of ham- nu/yn nu;pn c^ds nnYi:/n ''nu; i\b
mered work. They shall serve you to summon ypjp'pT TJivo ÎPP"^ ']^ "iîî °0^
the community and to set the divisions in mo-
tion. -^When both are blown in long blasts," the
y ^K niîJ") ]n3 lypni 3 : nijn)3n-nK
"DKl^ :"iV'i^ brii<s nnQ-'7K n']i;n-'73
whole community shall assemble before you at
the entrance of the Tent of Meeting; ând if only

n''k"'u/3n -^•'bK nyui lypn^ nnK3
one is blown, the chieftains, heads of Israel's nynn oriyprn ^ : b^'ip-' 'p'pK ^\uki
contingents, shall assemble before you. ^But
when you sound short blasts," the divisions en- nijn)3n lypji nîiy nvnn nnvi?rn ^
camped on the east shall move forward; ând ivpn^ nvnn nj)p"'ri n-'lnn
when you sound short blasts a second time,
'7n|7n-nK '7-'ni?nnv ran-'von'?
those encamped on the south shall move for-
D-'in'sn pHK •'jni « : lynn i<b^ wprin
ward. Thus short blasts shall be blown for set-
ting them in motion, Awhile to convoke the con-

D'7iy njpn'p dd^ vm nl-i2fyn;n ivpn^
gregation you shall blow long blasts, not short
ones. ^The trumpets shall be blown by Aaron's nvn-'^y D3^"ik3 nibnbn iknn-'Di'^
sons, the priests; they shall be for you an insti-
tution for all time throughout the ages.

9<j-when you are at war" in your land against
D3nn?3tz; mbi i" :DD''n"'Kn
an aggressor who attacks you, you shall sound
nnvprn DDû/in "'WN-im DDnyinm
short blasts on the trumpets, that you may be
remembered before the Lord your Ciod and be
delivered from your enemies. '"And on your
joyous occasions — your fixed festivals and new
a Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
304
TORAH NUMBERS 10.25 be-ha'alotekha "in'^ynn i
imJ3:i n-nn
moon days —you shall sound the trumpets over innT bv) D^-'riVy bv nnyynn
your burnt offerings and your sacrifices of
well-being. They shall be a reminder of you be-
fore your God: I, the Lord, am your God.
\jtyn u;"fn:n ri^mn m\i^5 'n"'lii

1 iJn the second year, on the twentieth day of
the second month, the cloud lifted from the ]3if;?p "7:7)3 ]jyri hbv: u;inzi nnt^yn
Tabernacle of the Pact iând the Israelites set nrT'Vpn^ '7K"iti7^-^jn ivP"! ^-
ÎVO
out on their journeys from the wilderness of Si-
nai. The cloud came to rest in the wilderness
of Paran. ni^HT^n mn)3 "7^. ypî^ :niy')3

i3When the march was to begin, at the Lord's
]l\:/nj ^k2ybv^ nnxny'? n^\iji<.n:2.
command through Moses, i^^the first standard
•'J3 nun Kny-'7i71i-' :n-iJ^?3V"in
to set out, troop by troop, was the division of
Judah. In command of its troops was Nahshon Kny-'7VV6 ni7iy-]|i '7Kjnj nîz/tî
son of Amminadab; i5in command of the tribal :p'7n-]n nK'''7K ]b^:i] ^n nu)?
troop of Issachar, Nethanel son of Zuar; iând

in command of the tribal troop of Zebulun, D :]3U7)3rT ^Kt:7J n"jjp
Eliab son of Helon. -bv) nn'Kny^ ]niKi mnn br[_ ypJi is
i^Then the Tabernacle would be taken apart;

Kny-'7yTi9 nwiu^-i^ "i^y^K Ixny
and the Gershonites and the Merarites, who car-
: 'û; ""iî^"!^ bi<s^)2b\ij iiyjpu^ ''n nuip
ried the Tabernacle, would set out.
i^The next standard to set out, troop by troop,

-]:n ^'gibK irm nuw K'^ybv)2Q
was the division of Reuben. In command of its
troop was Elizur son of Shedeur; 'în command
of the tribal troop of Simeon, Shelumiel son of D :DK3-1V ]3U7)3ri-nK
Zurishaddai; 20and in command of the tribal DHKny'? Dn_DK-'n n^m '7^1^ ypji 22
troop of Gad, Eliasaph son of Deuel. -bi;)2i ^^^"^'bv)

:mn^}3V"l^ ^W^^^
2iThen the Kohathites, who carried the sacred
nns-i^ '7K"''7nA nii^jjp ^n nun Kny
objects, would set out; and by the time they ar-
rived, the Tabernacle would be set up again.

]TnK ]n^n 'jn hd)? Kny-'7y'i24 my
22The next standard to set out, troop by troop,
was the division of Ephraim. In command "73^ ^'0K)2 n""'Jn mn?3 '7^\ypj')25
of
its troop was Elishama son of Ammihud; 23in -iTV^nK 1xny-'7yi nKny'7 njnjan
command of the tribal troop of Manasseh, Ga-
maliel son of Pedahzur; 24and in command of
the tribal troop of Benjamin, Abidan son of
Gideoni.
25Then, as the rear guard of all the divisions,
the standard of the division of Dan would set
out, troop by troop. In command of its troop
305
TORAH NUMBERS 10.25 be-haalotekha in'7ynn •>
~lDl)2:n nmn
was Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai; -în com- -IU7N •'jn nun Kny-b^vi -" :
^JP ""^V"!?
mand of the tribal troop of Asher, Pagiel son
of Ochran; -''and in command of the tribal
:]ry-]3 VTDK '^nsj
troop of Naphtali, Ahira son of Enan.
-'^Such was the order of march of the Israel-
D :1VD'''!
ites, as they marched troop by troop.
-''Moses said to Hobab son of Reuel the Mid-

ianite.Moses' father-in-law, "We are setting out lp?3n-'7K ijnJK I D^vp'j nu/b ]nn
for the place of which the Lord has said, 'I will TTjb DD^ ]nK in'K n^w -ipK ^^\î<.
give it to you.' Come with us and we will be gen-

erous with you; for the Lord has promised to
be generous to Lsrael."
ô"I will not go," he replied to him, "but will

Kr'7K n)3k''T3i :'q'7K irn'7ln-'7K'i
return to my native land." -^'He said, "Please do
not leave us, inasmuch as you know where ijn'jn nvT ]3-'7V 1
"'3 iJn'K nryn
we should camp in the wilderness and can be
'3 n;'m 32 ; wpijb ij"? n-'^rn n3i?33
our guide.'' "^-So if you come with us, we will "IU7K i<s^f^^[ niun 1
nl^^^ ^mv -\br\
extend to you the same bounty that the Lord :^b inum urav nin^ n-'u-'^
grants us."
n^'Di nu/'"?!^ ^^"T mn^ nnn 1^0^133

33They marched from the mountain of the
Lord a distance of three days. The Ark of the
Covenant of the Lord traveled in front of them

]Ji;T34 :nnij)p urib mn^ wrii ri\ub\i;
on that three days' journey to seek out a resting -])2 DVpjn nr2v uri-^bv mn^
place for them; ^-ând the Lord's cloud kept D *t :mn)3rT
above them by day, as they moved on from nu7>3 "iDK^'i p>crT y'DJ3 'rT'T35
camp. mn;" 1 nmp
When the Ark was to set out, Moses would
say:
Advance, O Lord!
-ink'' inni nnjm 36
May Your enemies be scattered,
And may Your foes flee before You!
36And when it halted, he would say: 3 *t .bii'ip-> 'D'7K nl33~)
'Return, O Lord,
naiDH i HKnpj dji mnja n''3n''D ». 35.
You who are Israel's myriads of thousands!'
naiQn '3 nxnpj dji n-injn n^jn^'D v. 36.
h Lit. "eyes."
c-c Others "Return, O Lord, unto the

ten thousands of the families of Israel!"
306
"
TORAH NUMBERS 11.14 be-haalotekha in'^ynn k'' ~im)3n nmn
11 The people took to complaining bitterly .n.K''

before the Lord. The Lord heard and was inbn—iv:?]^"! 15K nn^'i h)n-' ^jpu/^T mn"'
censed: a fire of the Lord broke out against
them, ravaging the outskirts of the camp. 2The

people cried out to Moses. Moses prayed to the
aipjan-Diy Knp^T? :\:7Kn yp.u/ni
Lord, and the fire died down. -^That place was
named Taberah," because a fire of the Lord had
broken out against them. rnKJi iiKnn li~ip2i nu;K *'qpQpKm 4
4The riffraff in their midst felt a gluttonous >)2 nnx"! bk'^p•' ^n da lan''! inif/î
craving; and then the Israelites wept and said,
"If only we had meat to eat! sWe remember nKT n-'KiFpn riK njn anyp^ '^pKJ
the fish that we used to eat free in Egypt, the
Di^ynn-nKi n^ynn-riKi n^nu:;Kri
cucumbers, the melons, the leeks, the onions,
pK nu/n^ iJU/DJ nriv")^ : ^)pi\i7rT-nK'i
and the garlic. 6Now our gullets are shriveled.
There is nothing at all! Nothing but this manna

to look to!" : nînn i^vb irvi Kin nrynp ]K3m 7
^Now the manna was like coriander seed, and IDT 1K nîiin ^jnuT lupî ayn°iu\p8
in color it was like bdellium. ^The people would niAV in'K lu/vi ^^"is:? iViirnT n3i)3ii
go about and gather it, grind it between mill- riTOT i\ub nyu3
9 : [)3\i7rT 1)3VP n^ni
stones or pound it in a mortar, boil it in a pot,
:vbv ])3n ly, nb-'b mnjan-'?!? b}or[
and make it into cakes. It tasted like rich cream. ^'
9When the dew fell on the camp at night, the

manna would fall upon it.
'OMoses heard the people weeping, every clan "DpKÎ 11 : yn nu/b ""ryni ikr: nin""
apart, each person at the entrance of his tent. "^"h^vb ni/nn ni^b nin"'-'7K nu/n
The Lord was very angry, and Moses was dis- -riK nwb ']''pv^ ]n *^n^ri-i<b nipb")
tressed. iiAnd Moses said to the Lord, "Why
have You dealt ill with Your servant, and why
'^JK-DK n-fn DvrT-'73 riK 'nnn
have I not enjoyed Your favor, that You have
•î^-inn iHKt; ''7K n)pKn-'3 in-'rii^"'
laid the burden of all this people upon me? i2Did
nrnKPT bv^ pJ^n-riK idkh Kti/^ -i\i;K3
I conceive all this people, did I bear them, that
You should say to me, 'Carry them in your
bosom as a nurse carries an infant,' to the land
that You have promised on oath to their fathers? '7piK-k'7i4 :n^pKJ') "iu;n ^V"^^^
13 Where am I to get meat to give to all this peo- â nT.n Dyn-'73-nK riKu;^ ''15^ ''djk
ple, when they whine before me and say, 'Give
nnj 'N 4.
us meat to eat!' iî cannot carry all this people r.
K -ion V. II.
a From root b'r, "to burn.

b Lit. "cream of oil (or, fat)."
307
TORAH NUMBERS 11.14 be-haalotekha "in'7ynn k-> "iniQin min
by myself, for it is too much for me. 'Îf You

would deal thus with me, me rather, beg
kill I
You, and let me see no more of my wretched-

ness!"
'^Then the Lord said to Moses, "Gather for

Me seventy of Israel's elders of whom you have
experience as elders and officers of the people,
bn'K nr\\?b) v^vmj) Dvn 'jpT Dn-'3
and bring them to the Tent of Meeting and let :'q)3i; u\LJ iny^nm tv'iw '7nK-'7K
them take their place there with you. ''I will ^ri'7YKi "'n\ij ^73V ^JTiim 'Jîl^l''
come down and speak with you there, and I will nr\^by ^n'l2p^ -^•'bv ~iu;k nnrT-]D
draw upon the spirit that is on you and put it
upon them; they shall share the burden of the

people with you, and you shall not bear it alone.
'Ând say to the people: '-Purify yourselves' for

tomorrow and you shall eat meat, for you have
kept whining before the Lord and saying, 'If
mn^ inji nnypn ij"? niu"'3 "iu;3
only we had meat to eat! Indeed, we were better ipK uv k'? 1^^
:nn^3Ki "itz;3 U2b
off in Egypt!' The Lord will give you meat and WTî nmn I Kb") n-'pi"' k^t p^Dkn
you shall eat. '"^You shall eat not one day, not I iv 20 uv anu7V ^^1
: d"'P^ nntpv k*?!
two, not even five days or ten or twenty, -"^'but
n-^rn D3QKp Kyîu/K iv wiî \uin
a whole month, until it comes out of your nos-
nin^-riK nnDK)3-'3 ]v^ kit'? n:ib
trils and becomes loathsome to you. For you
TTtpb i^bx'? "I^JQ'7 133ni n33"lp3 1U7K
have rejected the Lord who is among you, by
whining before Him and saying, 'Oh, why did
we ever leave Egypt!'"
-•But Moses said, "The people ''who are with n-iDK nriKi i3ip3 'pJK iu;k nvn
me-'' number six hundred thousand men; yet :n"'pT vj'in i'73Ki nn^ ]nK ntf;3
You say, 'I will give them enough meat to eat urib KYm nnb vnw'' ipni ikyh--
for a whole month.' --Could enough flocks and
KY)p1 Urib C^DK"" D'-n nT'73-nK DK
herds be slaughtered to suffice them? Or could
all the fish of the sea be gathered for them to
suffice them?" -"Ând the Lord answered Moses,

nn-[ 'p.p^'n HKin nnv "^^p^ mn^
*"-"Is there a limit to the Lord's power?-'' You :k'7-DK
shall soon see whether what I have said happens nm riK Dyn-^K nu;'n ky"! nni""") -»
to you or not!" yn ^:pm u/^k D^ynu; nD>^'l mn"'

-•i Moses went out and reported the words of iTI-' brii<,r[ m-inp dhk i?pyn
the Lord to the people. He gathered seventy of
V^K
-]n *'7yK^'i -I31"'"! py3 I mn""
the people's elders and stationed them around
the Tent. -''Then the Lord came down in a cloud
c-c /.f., as for a stiirifinal meat.

d-d Lit. "in whose midst I am.
f-f Lit. "Is the LdRii'i hand loo short?"
308
TORAH NUMBERS 11.35 be-haalotekha -|n'7i;na k^ "innil nmn
and spoke to him; He drew upon the spirit that vj^K u^}j:i]ij-by ]r\'>] v^:; nu/K hnn
was on him and put it upon the seventy elders.
And when the spirit rested upon them, they :i3p^ i<b^
/-spoke in ecstasy,-/ but did not continue.
26Two men, one named Eldad and the other

njni TTp îiyn du/t iibi<. i nnxri
Medad, had remained in camp; yet the spirit
rested upon them —they were among those re-

iKY^ Kb) D-'insn njani nnn nribv
corded, but they had not gone out to the ^vln VT,T -^ : njn)33 ^Knjri;'T n^riKn
Tent —and they /spoke in ecstasy/in the camp. lym n^b'K ipk""! nmb ^p^
27A youth ran out and told Moses, saying, ]]y]'3. vuj'\n'> ]y^T 28 : mnKj;^ D^xnjnjp
"Eldad and Medad are acting the prophet in the
camp!" 28And Joshua son of Nun, Moses' at-
nnK Kjippn nu/n 1^ nnx'î 29 : dk^b
tendant from his youth, spoke up and said, "My
]ri"'-^3 D^K^nj h)n^ QV"'^? IJ^"* ""P^ ^b
lord Moses, restrain them!" 29But Moses said
nu;n îpK^vô -.urj^bv inn-riK np"'
to him, "Are you wrought up on my account?
Would that all the Lord's people were prophets, :'7K"!t^T -"jpn Kin mn)3ri-'7K
that the Lord put His spirit upon them!" 30Mo-
ses then reentered the camp together with the 'û'>')biiJ nxn vpj nnî
TP1 nin^ 1
elders of Israel. Dl"" ':\ii2 nimn-bv vj'^b") "D^ri-]n
mnTari nin^np ri^3 hv "^npi n'i)

31A wind from the Lord started up, swept
nyn upî) 32 : y-iKH '')^-bv D^njaxî
quail from the sea and strewed them over the
Dl"' I b'^) n^^y'n-'7pi Kinn °Dl''ri-'73
camp, about a day's journey on this side and
about a day's journey on that side, all around
u"'VJp73ri i^ti^n-riK ^Qpxî nnrDan
the camp, and some two cubits deep on the nluu; bn^ ^nvm Dnipn nntf/i? qpx
ground. 32The people set to gathering quail all ]^:n biiv "iti7iirT33 imnnn nln^np
that day and night and all the next day — even Dvn nnn nin^ c]ki n-i3^ Dip ur)^w
he who gathered least had ten homers —and they ^tlP"!
^"^
' "f^P '^.?"! '^^'^ °V? '^V '^-'^-
spread them out all around the camp. -^-''The
meat was still between their teeth, not yet
chewed,^ when the anger of the Lord blazed

forth against the people and the Lord struck the
people with a very severe plague, ^^xhat place
was named Kibroth-hattaavah,'' because the
people who had the craving were buried there.
35Then the people set out from Kibroth-

hattaavah for Hazeroth.
/-/ Others "prophesied."

g Meaning ofHeb. yikkareth uncertain.
h I.e., "the graves of craving."
309
TORAH NUMBERS 12.1 be-haalotekha ~|n'7vn3 a-- ~i:m)3::i n-nn
12 When they were in Hazeroth, 'Miriam

1''
and Aaron spoke against Moses because of the n\i7Kn nl"r'K-'7y r[UJ)2:i Phkt ana
Cushite woman he had married: "He married
a Cushite woman!"
iibri mn^ nn^ n\z;'?33--iK pin nnK"! ^
2They said, "Has the Lord spoken only

through Moses? Has He not spoken through us
as well?" The Lord heard it. -''Now Moses was
-bv "iu;k niKH ^b'2)2 ik)3 vjy uv
a very humble man, more so than any other man

on earth. -^Suddenly the Lord called to Moses, IKY nn)p-'7Ki pHK-'^K') n)z;n-'7K
Aaron, and Miriam, "Come out, you three, to iKyî ivm briK'bK n^rwubp
the Tent of Meeting." So the three of them went
i^viy PV "n^Vî Viin^ "r-i"! unvjbvj -^
:
out. -''The Lord came down in a pillar of cloud,

wyîi Dnni prtK K-ipî briKn nn|)
stopped at the entrance of the Tent, and called
-DK nn"i Ky^vr2\u "iDkî^ :Drfju;
out, "Aaron and Miriam!" The two of them
came forward; <ând He said, "Hear these My
words: "When a prophet of the Lord arises
among you, I" make Myself known to him in n|-'7K n3« -.K^n ])3kj •'n"':i-'7D3
a vision, I speak with him in a dream. ''Not so njjprn mTin k^t HKinT l:ii""i:?l><
with My servant Moses; he is trusted through-

out My household. ^With him speak mouth I
to mouth, plainly and not in riddles, and he be-

holds the likeness of the Lord. How then did
you not shrink from speaking against My ser-
nnp mni brikri biJ'n id ]iyn"i lo
vant Moses!" ^Still incensed with them, the

mni nn?p-'7K pnK ]^';}_ :\'7W3 nvi'y^
Lord departed. •"n npn-bK I'-iHK inK"! '
' : n vi'2^>3
'OAs the cloud withdrew from the Tent, there -]VJK HKun ^j-''7i7 nu/n KrbK 'jtk
was Miriam stricken with snow-white scales!'' n)33 "'nn Kr'7K '^ :iJKun -iu/kt ij'7k1j
When Aaron turned toward Miriam, he saw- 'Yn '7?N''T mK un-])2 inxYii "iu/k
that she was stricken with scales. ' 'And Aaron
said to Moses, "O my lord, account not to us
the sin which we committed in our folly. '-Let
her not be as one dead, who emerges from his
mother's womb with half his flesh eaten away."

'3So Moses cried out to the Lord, saying, "O
God, pray heal her!"
'•»But the Lord said to Moses, "If her father
spat in her face, would she not bear her shame

for seven days? Let her be shut out of camp for
ii-a Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Others "If there he a prophet

"
among you. I the Lord.
b Cf Uv. 13.2-3.
310
TORAH NUMBERS 13.16 shelah-lekha -]b n"?!:; -imnn min
seven days, and then let her be readmitted." isSo

Miriam was shut out of camp seven days; and
the people did not march on until Miriam was nmn53 nyn
ijn'li lypj "inKi i6
readmitted. iÂfter that the people set out from

3 :
HKQ nnipn
Hazeroth and encamped in the wilderness of
Paran.
D
2"Send
SHELAH-LEKHA
The Lord spoke to
men to scout the land of Canaan, which

Moses, saying, nbxV nm-bK urn''
"1^ r[b\u
"iniî
I- fc-
^
I am giving to the Israelite people; send one man
from each of their ancestral tribes, each one a

"73 inû/n VnnK nun^ nriK \u^k
chieftain among them." ^So Moses, by the
Lord's command, sent them out from the
wilderness of Paran, all the men being leaders
of the Israelites. Ând these were their names:
From the tribe of Reuben, Shammua son of :-n3T-]3 i/ipu; piK") nup^
Zaccur. :nln-]n v^\u x\vn\ij nun'75
sprom the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat son of :mQ"'-]:n n^3 nnin-' nun'pe
Hori.
6From the tribe of Judah, Caleb son of
:]ir]3 yu;ln nnoK nujp'ps
Jephunneh.
:K1Q-l-]3 'U'73 ])3^n nU)3^9
^From the tribe of Issachar, Igal son of loseph.
sprom the tribe of Ephraim, Hosea" son of : ""ilD-jn bp^}. ]b^:l^\ nun^ lo
Nun.
9From the tribe of Benjamin, Palti son of
Rafti. nu?3î2
t'lVm-in bK->Tpv n
loprom the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel son of :'7K3i)3-]3 -nnp nii^K nupîs
Sodi.
:-'pQr]3 ^nm ^'^naj nun'pH
11 Prom the tribe of Joseph, namely, the tribe
PSJp-jn '7K1KA 1^ nu)?î5
of Manasseh, Gaddi son of Susi.
i2prom the n\z;a n'7\z;-"ii^K "'U/jkh rilpu; n'pK le
tribe of Dan, Ammiel son of
Gemalli.
i3prom the tribe of Asher, Sethur son of Mi- :i;u;ln"" jirp
chael.
i4prom the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi son of

Vophsi.
i5prom the tribe of Gad, Geuel son of Machi.
i^Those were the names of the men whom
Moses sent to scout the land; but Moses changed
the name of Hosea" son of Nun to Joshua.
"
a Or "Hoshea.
311
TORAH NUMBERS 13.17 shelah-lekha -\b nVw r "im)3n n-nn
•TWhen Moses sent them to scout the land yiKTiK "nn^ nuj'n dhk nh]ij'>) 17
of Canaan, he said to them, "Go up there into Dri"''7i/i n>h hr ^bv nn'?K inK"'] ]V33
the Negeb and on into the hill country, '**and
see what kind of countr)' it is. Are the people

Kin i7Tnri ri^^:; nu/'^n byn-nKi Kin
who dwell in it strong or weak, few or many?
y-ikn n)3i 19 : nn-nis Kin uy?pn nann
iÎs the countr)' in which they dwell good or
ny-j-DK Kin nniun nii nu;'"' Kinnu/K
bad? Are the towns they live in open or fortified?
20Is the soil rich or poor? Is it wooded or not? mnin nu/i"' Kin-iU7K "'ivi? -^P^
And take pains to bring back some of the fruit y-iKn nniô :nnYnn3 dk D^JiiDnn
of the land." — Now it happened to be the season "DK yy n3-U7;'n nn-DK Kin njnwn
of the first ripe grapes. yiKn nQp nnnp'î aripmnni ]^k
-'They went up and scouted the land, from
the wilderness of Zin to Rehob, at Lebo-
]V"i3nw)3 y-iKn-riK nnî ^bv'!}2\
hamath.'' --They went up into the Negeb and
came to Hebron, where lived Ahiman, Sheshai,
*Knî'aAp ^bv'>^ '-'- -.
nnn K'n"? n'ni-nv
and Talmai, the Anakites. —Now Hebron was "lyb^, ''^Qbn^ ^p\u])2^ni<. DU7i']i-inn-iy
founded seven years before Zoan of Egypt. JQ^ nnjnj n^ju; ynu; linnni pjyn
23They reached the wadi Eshcol, and there they Viiu/K '7nriy ik3^123 :n-'-ivn ]V^
cut down a branch with a single cluster of inKb-'njy '7i3WKih-jlnT nm ihip""!
grapes — it had to be borne on a carrying frame
-]m n^>2•l2'^rl-]m n^ju/s ul?3n inKti/"")
by two of them —and some pomegranates and bm K-ji? Kinn Dip^^-î :n"'3Knn
figs. --tThat place was named the wadi EshcoU
in-13—iu;k "îau^Kn nliK b^ '7l3U7K
because of the cluster that the Israelites cut
ib'K-jU/-' in Dwp
down there.
--''At the end of forty days they returned from : uv D^ynnK y^p yiKn "imp inu/î 25
scouting the land. -^They went straight to Moses '7K1 pnK-'7Ki nu;b-'7K°iKnî i3^''i26
and Aaron and the whole Israelite community pKQ -i-i-i):3-'7K '7K-itz;"'-"'J3 Hii'-'â
at Kadesh in the wilderness of Paran, and they nnyn-'â-nKi -in^ djik iniu/î riujip^
made their report to them and to the whole
l'7-i"i3p''i 27 lynKn ns'nK diki'i
community, as they showed them the fruit of
ijrin^\i; -iu;k y'iKn-'7K ukii nnK'i
the land. 27This is what they told him: "We came
:nnQ-nTi Kin wnni nVn nnr djV
to the land you sent us to; it does indeed flow
with milk and honey, and this is its fruit. 28How- nnyni nyn
y-iKn nu/'^n ly-'s dqk 28
ever, the people who inhabit the country are irKi pjyn ^"t'7"'"D;i iKn riViA ninya
powerful, and the cities are fortified and very "nnni 3Ajn yiKn nu/v pb'nv-'^ :D\f;
large; moreover, we saw the Anakites there. iji;j3ni nn3 nu/i"' nbKni ""pin^ni
29Amalekites dwell in the Negeb region; Hit-
: ]'^y.Ti T'. "^Vl D^n-'7V 3l[;i"'
tites, Jebusites, and Amorites inhabit the hill
country; and Clanaanites dwell by the Sea and

along the Jordan."
b Othcn "the entrance to Hamath.

c I.e.. 'cluiter."
"
TORAH NUMBERS 14.9 shelah-lekha l"?

nbw T ~im?3n n-nn
30Caleb hushed the people before Moses and

said, "Let us by all means go up, and we shall
gain possession of it, for we shall surely over-

.nb
come it."
31 But the men who had gone up with him

said, "We cannot attack that people, for it is
wn pTn-^3 DV'7"'^^ ^"i^^"? ^P"^^
stronger than we." 32Thus they spread calum-

nri "ii^K y^kri nn^ ^K^^YV^ 32 : ^jij^jp
nies among the Israelites about the land they nu7K V"!.Kri iwK'7 bKiiu^ ^)^'^^ ^^'^
had scouted, saying, "The country that we trav- n'pDK y-iK nn'K -nn^ rri ij-iny
ersed and scouted is one that devours its settlers. ij-iK-inu/K Di7n-'7Di Kin n-'nu/i-'
All the people that we saw in it are men of -riK 1J''K1 DU/I 33 : nl-ljp \U7JK HDini
great size; 33we saw the Nephilim'^ there — the ^m^ u^b^^r[-])2 piv ^n wb^^^^n
Anakites are part of the Nephilim —and we : ri"'J''yn ^2'>'^rl pi D''3^n3 irry?
looked like grasshoppers to ourselves, and so we
must have looked to them."
14 The whole community broke into loud D^îp-HK ijn^T niyri-'73 Kti/ni I
cries, and the people wept that night. -All the -b:j 1 j^^T 2 : Kinn rib^b:^ ayn lan'i
Israelites railed against Moses and Aaron. "If
n?pK='i bK'^p^ -^n bp prrK'^^Vl nu/b
only we had died in the land of Egypt," the whole
community shouted them, "or we
nyn y-iK3 larDb-i'? rri^n-b^ n'7K
at if only
mn^"n)p^l3 njnp-ib' n-irr 131)33 Ik
might die in this wilderness! 3Why is the Lord
'7'Qj'7 hk-Tn yiKri-'7K ijn'K K-iin
taking us to that land to fall by the sword? Our
wives and children will be carried off! It would 3iu Kl^n T3^ vri'>, ijayi ^^'>m 3-in3
be better for us to go back to Egypt!" Ând they -bK \uî<, n?pK'''"!-} :n)pny?p 2W ^2b
said to one another, "Let us "-head back for-" :n)p-'-iy?3 ^[:lw;^ \ljk-i mrij vhk
Egypt." 'jp'7 nu;b Vqîs
nrfjQ-'7V PlTki
5Then Moses and Aaron fell on their faces be-
yu;1n"'i6 :'7K"iu;t ^J3 niv bnp-b^
fore all the assembled congregation of the Is-
-jiK nnnrT-]?p mD"'-]3 3^31 pr]3
raelites. 'Ând loshua son of Nun and Caleb son
-'73-'7K njpK^'i Dn"'"7.;3 lynp yixn
-
:
of Jephunneh, of those who had scouted the

land, rent their clothes ''and exhorted the whole nu7K ynxn iipK^? '7K-itz;-'-',J3 niy
Israelite community: "The land that we tra- iK?3 yiKH n3iu nnx mn^ n3 iJi3y
versed and scouted is an exceedingly good land. ijn'K K"'3rn nin^ iJ3 ysn-QK s -r'K)p :
*Îf the Lord is pleased with us. He will bring "IU7K y~iK ^2b mnjT nkTri y'iKn-'7K
us into that land, a land that flows with milk
-'7K nin"'3 "^K 9 : U7311 3^711 n3T K^r\
and honey, and give it to us; ônly you must not
rebel against the Lord. Have no fear then of the
d See Gen. 6.4.
a-a Lit. "set the head and return to"; cf. Neh. 9.17. Others "Let
us make a captain and return to.
313
TORAH NUMBERS 14.9 shelah-lekha l"? n'û;
-\i
1111)3:2 n-nn
people of the country, for they are our prey:'' mn""} ur}''bvi2 ub:i id dpi ^2'nnb •'3
their protection has departed from them, but nivri-b^ nnx'"! 1" :DKi''n-'7K ijjik
the Lord is with us. Have no fear of them!" '"As
HKiJ nin"" iin^T a^nKin djik dUi'?
the whole community threatened to pelt them
with stones, the Presence of the Lord appeared
'jyNj"' njK-iv r[pi2-bi<. nin^ DpN;""! n
in the Tent of Meeting to all the Israelites.
1 'And the Lord said to Moses, "How long will
^'733 ^n irpK^-K"? hjK-iyi n^r[ nyn
this people spurn Me, and how long will they 133K 1: nnipn TT'U/y iu;k nlriKn
have no faith in Me despite all the signs that I '^ha-'Ia'? TiriN nt^VKT ^Jiu/iiKi inin
have performed in their midst? '-I will strike np"'-'7K nu;>3 iipK""! '-^ :13J3?3 myyi
them with pestilence and disown them, and I
jiK jinbn rr'Jpyn-'a DnvJp wâu/i
will make of you a nation far more numerous
'bu;l"'-'7K n)pK"|i4 :l3ii?n nj.n Dvn
than they!" '-^But Moses said to the Lord,
nip.n mn-" rrnK-"'3 lypu/ riKTn yiKn
"When the EgA'ptians, from whose midst You
brought up this people in Your might, hear the
nnx I
HKij ]'>ij:i VV"\%î<- nT.n nvn
news, '•they will tell it to the inhabitants of that

nnx i?3vm uriby inV ^jjyi
]jy r[)n'>
land. Now they have heard that You, O Lord, : n^^^ MJK n?3ynT uiav nrfi^b "^b'n
are in the midst of this people; that You, O Lord, iriK u/^K^ ^l}? DV'7'^^ njiDm '5
appear in plain sight when Your cloud rests over ^ypU7-nK iyp\z;-i\^K umn n?3KT
them and when You go before them in a pillar
K"'3n'7 mn-" nV^^ ^n^^np 16 n'pK"?
of cloud by day and in a pillar of fire by night.
ynu/riu/K yiKn-b'K r[iri ayn-riK
1
51 f then You slay this people to a man, the na-
-biy'' nnyii: :i:?"|J33 aynu;''"! unb
tions who have heard Your fame will say, '^'It
must be because the Lord was powerless to

linK"? nini i\i^K3 'liN n3 *kz
bring that people into the land He had promised i^v i<>m ion-nil d-'Sk "îk nin"" is
them on oath that He slaughtered them in the hi3K i^v 1573 n^r i<b npji vwdt
wilderness.' '''Therefore, I pray, let my Lord's :D"'V3i"'7yi ui\ub]u-b); u^n'bv
forbearance be great, as You have declared, ^lon '7i':i3 n-Tn uvri iwb Nrn'po 1^
saying,"^ '8'The Lord! slow to anger and

nnY)3n ntn ay^ hnKt^/j iwkdi
abounding in kindness; forgiving iniquity and
: mn-ivi
transgression; yet not remitting all punishment,
d'71K1:!1 :"^1.313 ""nn^D nin"" DpK'lô
but visiting the iniquity of fathers upon chil-
dren, upon the third and fourth generations.' -^s-riK nin^-iln3 i<•b'l2^^ 'J^^'ti
'^Pardon, I pray, the iniquity of this people ac- -jiK D"'Kin D"'\i7JKrT-'7p IS-- :yiNn
cording to Your great kindness, as You have for-
given this people ever since Egypt."
-"And the Lord said, "I pardon, as you have

asked. -'Nevertheless, as I live and as the Lord's
Presence fills the whole world, --none of the
men who have seen My Presence and the signs
b Lit. 'food (or, bread). vnvvv'7 mnrra 'dV TiaT

c Cf. Exod. 34.6-7.
—
TORAH NUMBERS 14.35 shelah-lekha •]b nb\u -[•' imun min
that I have performed in Egypt and in the wil-

derness, and who have tried Me these many' ynxn-nK iK"!"'-aK23 -.^b^pii iyp\z;
times and have disobeyed Me, 23shall see the
land that I promised on oath to their fathers;
none of those who spurn Me shall see it. 24But

TinK^nni nriK xVpî 1)3V nnriK
My servant Caleb, because he was imbued with
a different spirit and remained loyal to Me
him will I bring into the land that he entered,
and his offspring shall hold it as a possession.
25Now the Amalekites and the Canaanites oc- pnK-'7K') np-D-bK n-jn;" nn"!:'T26
cupy the valleys. Start out, then, tomorrow and riKTri nynn nivh •'n)p-"tV27 niâb
march into the wilderness by way of the Sea of
Reeds."'"
: ^nvpu/ ''^v w^pb-n nipn nii/K bk'w-'
26The Lord spoke further to Moses and
Aaron, 27"How much longer shall that wicked
K'i^-QK nin^"DKJ^''3K-''n nrjbK inx 28
community keep muttering against Me? Very :U2b nu/VK ]3 ''JTKB nnnnT -iu;k3
well, I have heeded the incessant muttering of -b^) DDn^D ^bB-' nrn "13173529
the Israelites against Me. 28Say to them: 'As I mu7 nntz/y ]3)p D-!5pjp-'73'7b3"'"ii73
live,' says the Lord, 'I will do to you just as you briK-DK 30 'bv : uri2''br\ "iji^K n^vpl
have urged Me. 29in this very wilderness shall
your carcasses drop. Of all of you who were re-

ni!D^-]3 n'^B-DK '3 rT3 D3nK ]2pb
corded in your various lists from the age of
nrriTpK -iu/k D3Qut3i :i^ri3 y\^ln"'T
twenty years up, you who have muttered against
Me, 30not one shall enter the land in which I
-riK lyiî nn'K "riK-'nn") n;;n-', nb
swore/ to settle you — save Caleb son of Jephun- n3n;i3T 32 :n3 nnpKp nu/K y^kn
neh and Joshua son of Nun. ^lYour children vr\^, D3"'J3i°33 : nTn 'n3"])a3 ^bB'> nriK
who, you said, would be carried off — these will -riK 1KU7J1 r[2\ij D"'i73"iK n3i?33 n-'V'")
I allow to enter; they shall know the land that :n3"[?23 n3n;i3 D'n-iv D3"'rnjT
you have rejected. -'*2But your carcasses shall
-riK Dnnnni^K n-'n^n n3p)p3 34
drop in this wilderness, -^-Vhile your children
niwb uv r\)\^b uvhv n^yiinKYl.^'?
roam the wilderness for forty years, suffering for
mu; ci''i;3"!K D3"'njii7-nK iKU/ri
your faithlessness, until the last of your car-
casses is down in the wilderness. -^^You shall bear ^'n)r['! 'JK35 :iriKijn-nK nnvT)
your punishment for forty years, corresponding myn-'73'7 n\uvK nxt k'7-nx""'m3i 1
to the number of days — forty days — that you

scouted the land: a year for each day. Thus you
shall know what it means to thwart Me. 351 the
Lord have spoken: Thus will I do to all that
wicked band that has banded together against
d Lit. "ten"; cf. note at Gen. 31.41.

e See note at Exod. 10.19.
f Lit. "raised My hand."
315
TORAH NUMBERS 14.35 shelah-lekha -\h n'7\y !> '^'21'f2'2 n-nn
Me: in this very wilderness they shall die to the
last man.'" :inp^ Dip") mni

^f-As for themen whom Moses sent to scout -JiK -nn^ nu;b n'7u;—iu;k 'U/jkht if>
the land, those who came back and caused the

whole community to mutter against him by
— inn^T 37 : y-iKn-'7y nî K-';în'7 nnyn
spreading calumnies about the land ^^those
who spread such calumnies about the land died

of plague, by the will of the Lord. 380f those ]ir]:n i;u;ln"'"i38 imn^ ^)^b n^m:i
men who had gone to scout the land, only nnn 'U7JKrT-]n vn njD"'-]^ n'^DT
Joshua son of Nun and Caleb son of Jephunneh

survived.
.^9When Moses repeated these words to all the

:iK)p nyn I'pnKri;'"! '7K"iw"' ""23.-^3
Israelites, the people were overcome by grief.
"'Early next morning they set out toward the

--1U7K
"We
DlpKirT-'7K ^2'>bv^ mT\ ^)?k^
crest of the hill country, saying, are pre-
pared to go up to the place that the Lord has
spoken of, for we were wrong." -oBut Moses Kim nrn^ ""Qtik nnnv nriK nr nt^h
said, "Why do you transgress the Lord's com- mn"" I'lK '>p i'7yn-'7K4: m'pyn k"?
mand? This will not succeed. 42Do not go up, °i3 43 : D3''n"'K 'jq'7 iQA3n k"?! DDnipn
lest you be routed by your enemies, for the Lord
is not in your midst. 43For the Amalekites and
H'jn"' nnxn bnnw ]Tbv-^3 nnnn
the Canaanites will be there to face you, and you
:DD)3y ny\'> 7]^r^^-i<b^
will fall by the sword, inasmuch as you have
turned from following the Lord and the Lord
will not be with you."
^•Yet defiantlyj; they marched toward the niy'^n 'iyjsri") '"'p'?)3yn ii"."! 45 : miiDri
crest of the hill country', though neither the -IV mn?!') ms"! Kinn -inn
Lord's Ark of the Covenant nor Moses stirred D :nninn
from the camp. •'-''And the Amalekites and the
Canaanites who dwelt in that hill country came
down and dealt them a shattering blow at
Hormah.
15 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: ^Speak

to the Israelite people and say to them: dh'^k FinpKT '^Knu;"' ""n-^K ini
When you enter the land that am giving you I
to settle in, 3and would present an offering by

rib'v niH"''? n\^K n"'ti;yi 3 : dd^ ]nj
fire to the Lord from the herd or from the flock,
1K nniJ3 IK "iirK'7Q'7 nînx
be it burnt offering or sacrifice, in fulfillment
g Mfiwtug oj Hvh. uncertain.

TORAH NUMBERS 15.16 shelah-lekha -l"?
nbw iu "inmn n-nn
of a vow explicitly uttered, « or as a freewill nin^^ hm nn. nwvb DDnynn

offering, or at your fixed occasions, producing
an odor pleasing to the Lord: nmn np'"'? mnj? nnp)3n nnpm-i
4The person who presents the offering to the
:]p\p ]''nri n-iyn-in b^b:^ plti/y nb'v
Lord shall bring as a meal offering: a tenth of
-bv npvpi ivn n-'y-'n-i ^"^vhb ]'',i)5
a measure of choice flour with a quarter of a
hin of oil mixed in. -^You shall also offer, with

:inKrT ti/na^ nn;6 Ik n^yn
the burnt offering or the sacrifice, a quarter of
ii\u n'p'p nm>3 niuvn ^b'^kb Ik 6
a hin of wine as a libation for each sheep.
6In the case of a ram, you shall present as a
meal offering: two-tenths of a measure of choice :mn"''7 n'ri"';
flour with a third of a hin of oil mixed in; ''and
a third of a hin of wine as a libation — as an

nnpni ^ : nrn'^b "'jpûz-lx "iirK^Q^
offering of pleasing odor to the Lord.
8And if it is an animal from the herd that you
n'^bp n^p nmn ni7:nn-]3-'7i;
offer to the Lord as a burnt offering or as a

sacrifice, in fulfillment of a vow explicitly ut- nrrirnn r[\ut<, ]'>nr[ 'yn "^v^b nnpn
tered or as an offering of well-being, '^there shall : nrri^b
be offered a meal offering along with the ani- b'>i<.b 1K TriKn \wb nti/y;' nD3ii
mal: three-tenths of a measure of choice flour
:n^m Ik D''iy33n nti/îK "inKPT
with half a hin of oil mixed in; lOand as libation
"tpK^ WVn nD3 WVn -Ili^K 13p)33 12
you shall offer half a hin of wine — these being

n33-nU7y:' n'lTKrT-'73 13 :D"lQp?33
offerings by fire of pleasing odor to the Lord.
1 iThus shall be done with each ox, with each
nnTrin hjfk nnprrb? n'pK-riK
ram, and with any sheep or goat, iâs many as
you offer; you shall do thus with each one, as b33lri3—lU/K 1K -|A D3nK °mr"'3') h
many as there are. '-^ Every citizen, when pre- r[yn->b n'n^rnn. nu^K nti/yi a3"'n'"ii^
senting an offering by fire of pleasing odor to n^n '7rij?rTi5 -.'npvi ]3 wvr\ n\^K3
the Lord, shall do so with them.
bîy np.n "iah 03^ nriK
'^}b'\
i4And when, throughout the ages, a stranger
:r[rn-> 'i^b n->T\^ nA3 D33 DD-'nii^
who has taken up residence with you, or one
who lives among you, would present an offering
n3^ n^n^ ipK v^pm npK nnin 16
by fire of pleasing odor to the Lord — as you Q : D3nK "lAn '^}h^
do, so ^'shall it be done by i5the rest of the

congregation.-^' There shall be one law for you
and for the resident stranger; it shall be a law
for all time throughout the ages. You and the
stranger shall be alike before the Lord; i^the
same ritual and the same rule shall apply to you

and to the stranger who resides among you.
a See note at Lev. 22.21.

b-b Meaning ofHeb. uncertain.
317
TORAH NUMBERS 15.17 shelah-lekha -]'? nb\ij ^v "i:n)33 min
i^The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: '^Speak

to the Israelite people and say to them: Dn'7K ninKi "^Klt^"" 'J2"'?^^
When you enter the land to which am taking I
you ''ând you eat of the bread of the land, you

shall set some aside as a gift to the Lord: -"as
nû;Kn ^" : nyn-^b nnnn innn y^Kri
the first yield of your baking,' you shall set aside
a loaf as a gift; you shall set it aside as a gift like

npnna nnnn i?3nn n^pn DDno-ii;
the gift from the threshing floor. 21 You shall h''U7Kn)3 2i :nnK iDnn ]Z) pa
make a gift to the Lord from the first yield of
your baking, throughout the ages.
'-If you unwittingly fail to observe any one niy?3n-'73 riK iti/yn Kb) iju/n ""dt 2:
of the commandments that the Lord has de-
clared to Moses — 23anything that the Lord has
enjoined upon you through Moses — from the

day that the Lord gave the commandment and
on through the ages:
^'ilf this was done unwittingly, through the ')in\i;b nnu/yj nivn 'rv)^ dk n^m 24
inadvertence of the community, the whole
community shall present one bull of the herd
as a burnt offering of pleasing odor to the Lord, :*nun^ "ipK u.3^>33

n"'-TV""i"'Vti^T
with its proper meal offering and libation, and
^K-jtz/i •'n niv-b^-bv ]n3rT "132125
one he-goat as a sin offering, -sjhe priest shall
make expiation for the whole Israelite commu-

wnn am K^r\ mauz-'s nnb nbv^^
^jd"? DJiKurn m^H""!? nu/N Djnnj^-nK
nity and they shall be forgiven; for it was an er-
ror, and for their error they have brought their nii;-'7D'7 n^pj")26 :unn\u-b); m^n^
offering, an offering by fire to the Lord and their
sin offering before the Lord. 26The whole Is-
raelite community and the stranger residing mjiU/n Kunn npK u/QraKi 27
among them shall be forgiven, for it happened

:nKun'7 nnjuz-nn ry nnnpm
to the entire people through error.
HKunn nn\LJr[ \:;Djn-'7y ]fi2ri -isdi 2s
27In case it is an individual who has sinned
n'^pJT vbv -)^2b mn-i ^)^b mjiwn
unwittingly, he shall offer a she-goat in its first
"lan '^^b^ bk^^\^'' ''nii h•^mr^'-•^ -Ab

year as a sin offering. -**The priest shall make
expiation before the Lord on behalf of the per- np'vb 03^ mnT hriK nnin ddih^
son who erred, for he sinned unwittingly, mak-
ing such expiation for him that he may be for-
given. -"^For the citizen among the Israelites and
for the stranger who resides among them — you
shall have one ritual for anyone who acts in
c Meaning of Heb.'iTif^h uncertain.
31.S
TORAH NUMBERS 16.1 korah n-ip Tu im)3n n-nn
^^But the person, be he citizen or stranger,

who acts defiantly' reviles the Lord; that person iq'i^Tp Kin mn^-riK narT-])pi nniKn
shall be cut off from among his people. -^'Be- '3 31 :n)3i7 n-i|?.p Kinn u/QiirT nnnpJi
cause he has spurned the word of the Lord and
violated His commandment, that person shall
D nn r\i^^ Kinn \:;Q|rT nnan
be cut off —he bears his guilt.
:
320nce, when the Israelites were in the wil- \IJ'>K myp"! "131)33 ^K"JU;"'-'J3 T'n^'T 32
derness, they came upon a man gathering wood i3np:'T33 :n3\irri ni"'3 d^yv wiypp
on the sabbath day. 33Those who found him as -bK w^v \up'pi2 in'K D^KyjarT in'K
he was gathering wood brought him before Mo- :n-ri;rT-'73 bK) f\r\K-bK) nu/'u
ses, Aaron, and the whole community. 34He was
\z;n3 Kb '3 "i)p\^)33 inK in''3:!i34
placed in custody, for it had not been specified
-bK nin^ -inK^Tss u -Ab nti/y'-n??
what should be done to him. 35Then the Lord
in'K nlin U7"'Kn n)2V nl)p nvj'ri
said to Moses, "The man shall be put to death:
the whole community shall pelt him with stones :njn)3^ yin)3 rTivri-b:^ bmK3
outside the camp." 36So the whole community y^n)p-'7K nivri-b:^ inx ik''y='T36
took him outside the camp and stoned him to n\^K3 n'nî D"'J3K3 in'K inn^T njn)3^
death — as the Lord had commanded Moses. a ;nu;b-nK mn'' my
37The Lord said to Moses as follows: 38Speak
"I3'138 :i)3K^ T^p'n-bK HIH'' "inx"'?'! 37
to the Israelite people and instruct them to make
for themselves fringes on the corners of their
garments throughout the ages; let them attach

ijnjl nri-iib nrf-ifn ''3J3-'7V ny^Y
a cord of blue to the fringe at each corner. 39That mnv^y :n^3ri '7-'n3 r|J3ri ny''Y-'7V
shall be your fringe; look at it and recall all the -riK bri"!3n inx nrriKl^ "nî^'^yu'Db
commandments of the Lord and observe them, -iib) nn'K nrr'tî'i mn*' n''iY)p-'73
so that you do not follow your heart and eyes nnKT h'2:i'ib nnx nnn
3"'j"'i;
in your lustful urge. 40Xhus you shall be re-
]Vp^4o :nnnnK d^j't ariK'i^K
minded to observe all My commandments and
nn^rri 'niyp-'73-nK rr'u/yi nsm
to be holy to your God. 4il the Lord am your
n3-'ri'7K nin^ 'jk 41 : D3-'ri'7K'7 uwi'p
God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt
to be your God: I, the Lord your God. Dnyp y"iK)3 b3nK TiKYin nu/K
mm ""JK 'ri'7K'7 03^ rivrib?
£3 : D3Ti'7K
KORAH nnp
16 Now Korah, son of Izhar son of Kohath
son of Levi, "-betook himself," along with
ii Lit. "with upraised hand."
a-a Lit. "took"; meaning of Heb. uncertain.
319
TORAH NUMBERS 16.1 korah mp Tu "131D3 n-nn
Dathan and Abiram sons of Eliab, ''and On son n\^>3 'jd'? ini7î '-
: ]niN-| -"jn n^3-]n
of Peleth —descendants of Reuben''— ^to rise
up against Moses, together with two hundred :nu7-'iyjK lyin ""K-ip niy 'K"'t^J
and fifty Israehtes, chieftains of the community,
npN'^T pHK-'^V") n\LJ''n-bv ^b^\^''^^
chosen in the assembly, men of repute. -^They
n'73 n']vn"'73 ""B D?^'^~! Dvi'?>5
combined against Moses and Aaron and said to
them, "You have gone too far! For all the
communit)' are holy, all of them, and the Lord :mn^ bnp-b:;
is in their midst. Why then do you raise your-
selves above the Lord's congregation?" VTT ni7':3°H)3K'7 'in-iy-'73-b'KT nip-'^K
•iWhen Moses heard this, he fell on his face.'
5Then he spoke to Korah and all his company, nnpT iimnn^ nu/N
:T'^K ni<i vbi<.
saying, "Come morning, the Lord will make
-b2) n'ip nirinn DD^"inp it^y riKT^
known who is His and who is holy, and will
]n"'^y °i)3''tî ]ijk I ]nn ^2n^ -
: iniy
grant him access to Himself; He will grant access
to the one He has chosen. ^Do this: You, Korah

w-iKn mn^ ^;^b niuj?
n^^ri) '^n^^2
and all your'' band, take fire pans, 'and tomor- DD^-ni mipn Kin np^ inn^ni^K
row put fire in them and lay incense on them
before the Lord. Then the man whom the Lord
chooses, he shall be the holy one. You have gone 'n'7K nsn uvpri'^ :"')'?
''7"'"inrT-'3
too far, sons of Levi!"
nnpn"? '7KIW"' nnyn b^riK '^kiu/"'
**Moses said further to Korah, "Hear me, sons
]3U7?p ni'nv-riN iiivb vb^ n^nx
of Levi. 'Îs it not enough for you that the God
:un-i\Ljh nivTi 'jq'7 inyb'i mn*'
of Israel has set you apart from the community
of Israel and given you access to Him, to per- ''^b-^n ^'nK"'73"riKT i\hK hip;'! 10
form the duties of the Lord's Tabernacle and nnK pîi :n3n3-Da Dn\z;pni "^jik
to minister to the community and ser\'e them? pnKT mn'i-'^v nifViirT ^niy-'^Di
i^^Now that He has advanced you and all your :vbv M^bn ui'^n •'D Kin-nn
fellow Levites with you, do you seek the priest-
-!"'nN'7T ]ni'7 i<ipb ri^'t^ nh\LJ'>) 1:
hood too? "Truly, it is against the Lord that

uv^n 13 .nb:j2 i(b nnk^'i ^^-''^k ^n
you and all your company have banded to-
who
u/iiT b^n n^T V"i.k)3 "ijn'''7^rT ""a
gether. For is Aaron that you should rail
against him?"
Da ij'''?y nnnu/n-'s 131735 ijrr'Kin^
•2Moses sent for Dathan and Abiram, sons of :ibn n±]\'î<,-bii i<b qx u n-inwn
Eliab; but they said, "We will not come! 'Îs it
not enough that you brought us from a land

flowing with milk and honey to have us die in
the wilderness, that you would also lord it over
us? '''-Even if you had • brought us to a land
b-b According to Num. 26.5, 8-9. Eliab was son of Pallu, son of
Reuben,
"
c Perhaps in the sense of 'his face fell.
d Lit. "his."
e-e Lit. "You have not e\Tn.'

TORAH NUMBERS 16.27 korah n-ip Tu imj3n nmn
flowing with milk and honey, and given us pos-

session of fields and vineyards, should you i<b "ijpjri nn n-'U/jKn 'rvn d-ijt
gouge out those men's eyes?/ We will not
-bK nnK'^T nxn nu/b"? nn^'i 15 :nbv:i
come! " i^Moses was much aggrieved and he said
iriK "linn K'yDnnjp-'7K lan-'^K mn;"
to the Lord, "Pay no regard to their oblation.
I have not taken the ass of any one of them, nor

nnK-nx wnn iib) ""nKti/j bn)?
:DrT)3
have I wronged any one of them."
i6And Moses said to Korah, "Tomorrow, you
and all your company appear before the Lord, nnn nrrKi ut\) nni^. mn^ 'jq'7 vn
you and they and Aaron. i"Each of you take his hrj^bv nrinjT innnn u/^k i
inpTi7
fire pan and lay incense on it, and each of you \u->K nin'i 'Jd'7 arin-ipni niup
bring his fire pan before the Lord, two hundred
nriKl nnnjp D'^nxTpi nwr^n inrin??
and fifty fire pans; you and Aaron also [bring]
\u'>K inp^'iis :innn)p \u->k f-inKi
your fire pans." iÊach of them took his fire pan,
put fire in it, laid incense on it, and took his place
uriib^, mw]] \ukhri^bv ^2r\'>^ ihnnn
at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, as did
r[\u'm ivm briK nn| Tipv:'} riiup
Moses and Aaron. '^Korah gathered the whole -^s-riK n"ip ari^'7i7 '7rip:'T ly : nriKi
community against them at the entrance of the iv^ri brii<. nn|)-'7K nnyn
Tent of Meeting. Q -.nivri-b^-bK nin-'-iinD Ky,)
Then the Presence of the Lord appeared to
nni^T2o
iyiK-b^'] r[)u')2-bi<. n-jn;'
the whole community, 20and the Lord spoke
nxTn niyn "iiriip I'înnî n-D^b
to Moses and Aaron, saying, - "Stand back from 1
hri^^B-b^ ^bB1^ 22 : yna an'K r[b^K)

this community that I may annihilate them in
an instant!" 22But they fell on their faces and

'^)uTb2b n'nnn ^ribK bk npK=;i
said, "O God, Sourcei'of the breath of all flesh! mi7n-'73 bv^ Kun^ hnx \L;^Kr[
When one man sins, will You be wrathful with

the whole community?" n:n"i24 n'Tpx"? nm-bi^ mn^ ~i:nT"i23
23The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 24"Speak

to the community and say: Withdraw from
:DTnKi ]ni nip
about the abodes of Korah, Dathan, and
id'?:''! Dn-'^KT in'i-'7K î^î nu7b np^l^ 25
Abiram."
niyrT-^K -lii'^T 26 : b^'W'^ 'jpT v-\r\i<.
-5Moses rose and went to Dathan and
Abiram, the elders of Israel following him. -^He
addressed the community, saying, "Move away n\i7K-'7D3 iVAJi-'^Ki nbkri h^vw'^ri
from the tents of these wicked men and touch I'^yi'i:? :nnKun-'7Dn iDpn-]3 nn^
nothing that belongs to them, lest you be wiped
out for aU their sins." 27So they withdrew
from about the abodes of Korah, Dathan, and

Abiram.
/ "Those men's" is a euphemism for "our";cf. I Sam29.4. Gouging

out the eyes was punishment for runaway slaves and rebellious
vassals; cf. 2 Kings 25.4-7; Jer. 39.4-7, 52.7-U.
g Lit. "God."
321
TORAH NUMBERS 16.27 korah n-ip Tu i:m?3:n n-nn
Now Dathan and Abiram had come out and

they stood at the entrance of their tents, with
their wives, their children, and their little ones.
nwvb ""Jn^w i^P"'""'? ni<i'^
I'li^"'^
28And Moses said, "By this you shall know that
.^^bri K^-ia n^KH D"'ti;y)3n-'73 jik
it was the Lord who sent me to do all these
things; that they are not of my own devising:
^'îf these men die as all men do, if their lot be
the common fate of all mankind, was not the it

r[)r[''^ Kin") nKn^-DKi 30 :^^r\b\u
Lord who sent me. -^"But if the Lord brings an'K nv^ni rrâ-riK nniKn nn^^si
about something unheard-of, so that the n^Ku; D-în niî urib -iU7N-'73-nK'i
ground opens its mouth and swallows them up -riK n^KH "'U/JKH lYKJ "'3
Dnvi""!
with all that belongs to them, and they go down -73 nx -ini'7 lri'733 'n-'i3i :'n'\p'>
alive into Sheol, you shall know that these men
have spurned the Lord." ^'Scarcely had he
finished speaking all these words when the
rria-nK Vikh nnDrT]32 :nn''nnn
ground under them burst asunder, ''ând the

-b:^ DKl Dn^nn-riKT dhk vb:ir\)
earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up :u;i3iri-'73 riKT nip"? -i\z;k DiKri
with their households, all Korah's people and r[bi<^\Lj D"!! nn^ nu7K-'7D'i an niî-i 33
ail their possessions. -^•'They went down alive înn nnK""! y-ikn bn"'^v upni
into Sheol, with all that belonged to them; the
Dn''nn''3p lyjK bk'i\ij''-b2'\ 34 : bri^ri
earth closed over them and they vanished from
:y-iKCT iJV^nn-]3 nwK •'3 ub'pb idj
the midst of the congregation. 34^11 Israel
'73Krn_ mn^ nxn hk^^^ ^kt35
around them fled at their shrieks, for they said,
"The earth might swallow us!"
35And a fire went forth from the Lord and Q : niupn

consumed the two hundred and fifty men
offering the incense.
17 "he Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 20rder :i)pK^ nu/b-'^K mni -i3i"'i I
Eleazar son of Aaron the priest to remove the D-I.^T ]n3rT l'"inK-]3 nTi;'7K-'7K -IDK2
fire pans — for they have become sacred — from
among the charred remains; and scatter the
ninn?p nK3 •W'jp, ^3 nK'7n-niT
coals abroad. 3"[Remove] the fire pans of those
who have sinned at the cost of their lives, and

let them be made into hammered sheets as plat- D3"'"!i7n""'3 n3T)3'7 '1QY DTI3 ""yj?")
ing for the altar — for once they have been used '>nb niK^ vr\'^^ w'np''] mn-'-'ja^
for offering to the Lord, they have become ninnp dk in3n nrv'^K nj?"") 4 : b'Knt:;"'
sacred — and let them serve as a warning to the
people of Israel. Êleazar the priest took the cop-
a Meanirtj! of parti of vcnc uncertain.
322
—
TORAH NUMBERS 17.17 korah mp V '^'2.112'2. nmn
per fire pans which had been used for offer- mvi?"!;') D-'Q-iwn innpn nu/K n\umri
ing by those who died in the fire; and they
were hammered into plating for the altar, âs
the Lord had ordered him through Moses. It

mn;" '>)^b nnup "iûpn"? xin pnK
was to be a reminder to the Israelites, so that
1^1 -iu;k3 ln"iV51 nipp
no outsider —one not of Aaron's offspring
n'^.rr'-K'p')
•Ab r[\u')2-\-]^ nyii

should presume to offer incense before the
Lord and suffer the fate of Korah and his band. -bv n^n)3pbK'^p^-^n niy-'?^ îb"]"] 6
6Next day the whole Israelite community

railed against Moses and Aaron, saying, "You nnyn b'n^'n:^. 'n^'v :mn^ Dy-nx
two have brought death upon the Lord's peo-
ple!" 7But as the community gathered against
1113 Ki"! ]Ji7ri iHDp mni ii;i)3
them, Moses and Aaron turned toward the Tent
of Meeting; the cloud had covered it and the
'7riK "'J3"'7K prrK") nu/n K'nîs
Presence of the Lord appeared.
r[\u'i2-bK nrn'! '^^T^J ^ :TiîJ3
8When Moses and Aaron reached the Tent of
Meeting, ^the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, nwri nnyn ^'riin)p i)3nnio ny2i<,b
io"Remove yourselves from this community, :ur[^:^-bv ^bm yn3 nnx r\b2K'\
that I may annihilate them in an instant." They -jiK np prrx'^^K nu/b nnK^'Tn
fell on their faces. ^Then Moses said to Aaron,
himri bvri \uk rc'b:>;-]n) nnn)3ri°
"Take the fire pan, and put on it fire from the
nivn-'7K T^'^ri)2 ^J7lni nnup uw^
altar. Add incense and take it quickly to the
nyn'> 'jQ^jp iqypn ki^^-'b nn^'py -iqdt
community and make expiation for them. For
wrath has gone forth from the Lord: the plague

131 I nu7K3 pHK ni?""!
12 : iq^|n bm
has begun!" 'Âaron took it, as Moses had or- bnri mni bri^^ri 'qi^"'7K xil) nii/b
dered, and ran to the midst of the congregation, -bv "133^1 nnuprr-riK )^)'>^ nyi ^j^s^ri
where the plague had begun among the people. n^^nri i^ni D^ri)3n-]''3 iny"! 13 : uvn
He put on the incense and made expiation for nDA)33 b^ri)3rT vn''1 '^ :nm)3ri "lyyrr!
the people; i^he stood between the dead and the
nn'pjp niK)3 ynu/i ^b^ it^y nv^nx
living until the plague was checked. i^Those
pHK nu/'ivs : n-!'i7-"in"i-'7V i3"'n)3n
who died of the plague came to fourteen thou-
n3A)3m iylJ2 briK nn|!-'7K nu7b-'7K
sand and seven hundred, aside from those who
died on account of Korah. iSAaron then re-
turned to Moses at the entrance of the Tent of I
-131 17 nr^Kb TT[u')2-bK mn"" -)^'^'!^ le
Meeting, since the plague was checked. °nu)p nun DJiKp npi bk-w^, \^^~^^
'6The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: i^Speak iT'n^ briK^t^r^s ^^"i^ ^>^ ri"'3^
to the Israelite people and take from them i)3U7-nK \i;''K nluu lu/y w^]!) nri3K
from the chieftains of their ancestral houses''
—one staff for each chieftain of an ancestral

house: twelve staffs in all. Inscribe each man's
b I.e., of their tribes.
323
TORAH NUMBERS 17.17 korah mp f ~i:n>3:i n-nn
name on his staff, isthere being one staff for each

head of an ancestral house; also inscribe Aaron's \i;i<ib nriK nuip •'3 '>^b nu?p-'7V In^n
name on the staff of Levi. '^Deposit them in the
Tent of Meeting before the Pact, where meet

I
:n)3u; DD^ lyiK 1U7K nnyn ^jd^
with you. -"The staff of the man whom I choose
^n\D^2 In-innK ipK \i)î<>r\ n^ni*2o
shall sprout, and I will rid' Myself of the inces-
sant mutterings of the Israelites against you.
2iMoses spoke thus to the Israelites. Their :n3"'^v upb'D an "iu;k bk'W''
chieftains gave him a staff for each chieftain of ^2^\''^ bk'W'^ ''^'^'^^ ^^^ i^l^V
an ancestral house, twelve staffs in all; among nriK K"'u;j'7 nu)p DniK-'\z;r'73 i vbK
these staff's was that of Aaron. 22Moses depos- WW nnnK n^n"? iriK i<.^pp nun
ited the staffs before the Lord, in the Tent of
:Dniu)p T|in3 pHK r[\om nlun nu/y
the Pact. 23The next day Moses entered the Tent
mn;" 'Jq'p nV53n-nK nipb n3^"!22
of the Pact, and there the staff of Aaron of the
K'nî nnriTpp 'n:'"!23 -.nivri "777x3
house of Levi had sprouted: it had brought forth
sprouts, produced blossoms, and borne al-
-nujp nna mni nnvn '7n'K-'7K nwb
monds. 24Moses then brought out all the staffs yy yy"^! niD ky"! •')b n^:ib firiK
from before the Lord to all the Israelites; each -'73-nK nu;b ky='T24 :D"'7p\i7 b'm''^
identified and recovered his staff. '7N"iU7"' 'J3-'73-'7K niH"" "'JS^Jp nujan
25The Lord said to Moses, "Put Aaron's staff
back before the Pact, to be kept as a lesson to

nun-JiK 3\i;rT nu/n-^K nSn-^ "upK^'i 25
rebels, so that their mutterings against Me may

nlK^ nnpu/p^ nnyn ^j?^ priK
cease, lest they die." 26Xhis Moses did; just as
the Lord had commanded him, so he did.
2"But the Israelites said to Moses, "Lo, we per- ninT my nu;K3 nji/b wy^P*^ :^n)p^
ish! We are lost, all of us lost! 28Everyone who D : ntiry 13 in'K
somuch as ventures near the Lord's Tabernacle inK'7 nu;n-'7K '7K-it^"' '33 n)pKî27
must die. Alas, we are doomed to perish!" 7328 n3-|3K ijVs m3K ijyn ]n
DKH mn^ mn"" ]3U7p"'7K 3ii7n 1

3ii7n
18 The Lord said to Aaron:
sons and the ancestral house under your charge

You and your
]"iy-nK iKu;ri "^riK 'T]-'3K-n-'3i '^^'n^
W
shall bear any guilt connected with the sanctu- -riK iKU/ri ^riK •^'ni nriKi \:^"ni7?3n
ary; you and your sons alone shall bear any guilt
^)b nyn^'î-'nis'.nN U}.^- :a3n^n3 py
connected with your priesthood. 2You shall also
associate with yourself your kinsmen the tribe

T.^V ^1^"'"'
"H^^ ^"IP"^ T^^ ^"^P
briK 'Jq'7 TiJiK ^-"jni nnKi "^'innu;-'!
of Levi, your ancestral tribe, to be attached to
you and to minister to you, while you and your n-'p'iD33 iQon -"yn v. 20.
c Meaning of Heb. wahashikkolhi uncertain.
324
TORAH NUMBERS 18.11 korah n-ip n^ ~im)3n n-nn
sons under your charge are before the Tent of -'73 nnpu/pT "^riiwi^p n)py;"i 3 :nii;n
the Pact.« 3They shall discharge their duties to hiiT?3rT-'7KT u/ipn "''?3-'7k °i]k bTii<,ri
you and to the Tent as a whole, but they must

:nriK-nA nn-a^ inp^-k'pi innp^ x^
not have any contact with the furnishings of the
Shrine or with the altar, lest both they and you
die. 4They shall be attached to you and discharge
nipi-k^ nn briKri niny V^^ ivm
the duties of the Tent of Meeting, all the service
of the Tent; but no outsider shall intrude upon iiy n2n"'-k'7"i nnmn nnpu/p nx")
you 5as you discharge the duties connected with

the Shrine and the altar, that wrath may not n^l^n DD-inK-nK ""nnp^ mn 'Jxie
again strike the Israelites.
61 hereby take your fellow Levites from
:ii;ln "7^^ npy-riK iny^ ^F""^
among the Israelites; they are assigned to you
DDri^nB-nK n?3U7n ^nx "^mi nrix") 7
in dedication to the Lord, to do the work of
the Tent of Meeting; Awhile you and your sons
nDhE)'? n\5rp'7T nnTTan '^^Tb2b
shall be careful to perform your priestly duties DDri^n3-nK']riK njrijp niny nn-rnvi
in everything pertaining to the altar and to what
is behind the curtain. I make your priesthood
a service of dedication; any outsider who en- 'u;-|{7-'7D^ "innnri nnnu/Tp-riK -îb
croaches shall be put to death.

"înb^ r[n\u'i2b "'rinj ^'^b bK-w-f-in
8The Lord spoke further to Aaron: I hereby
u/ij^n ^"7 n;'n^-nT9 :D^ly-pn^
give you charge of My gifts, all the sacred do-
-73^ DJ3"ii7-b'3 ^Kn-]?p D''^li?n
nations of the Israelites; I grant them to you and
to your sons as a perquisite,^ a due for all time.
bnu7K-'73î nriKun-'7Db'T anmjp
9This shall be yours from the most holy xin "rib D-'U/ij? u;-i'i7 -^b ^2^\ui •^pK
sacrifices, "^-the offerings by fire:-'' every such -73 ia'73K'n D"'u;ii7rT u/ipi 10 •.^'^nb^
offering that they render to Me as most holy : "n^'n^nT \u-ip in'K '73k"' n3T
sacrifices, namely, every meal offering, sin jn ri'Qijn-'73^ njnn npnn "^^-nn n
offering, and guUt offering of theirs, shall belong
to you and your sons. lOYou shall partake of
: in'K '73k-' 3in^33 "iinu-'73 D57ii;-pn^
them as most sacred donations: only males may
eat them; you shall treat them as consecrated.'^
11 This, too, shall be yours: the gift offerings'^
of their contributions, all the elevation offerings

of the Israelites, I give to you, to your sons, and
to the daughters that are with you, as a due for
all time; everyone of your household who is
clean may eat it.
a Meaning of latter part of verse uncertain.

b See note at Lev. 7.35.
c-c Meaning of Heb. uncertain; lit. "from the fire.'
d Or "they are consecrated for your use."
e Cf Lev. 7.29 ff.
325
TORAH NUMBERS 18.12 korah mp w i:ilt2'2 niin
'-All the best of the new oil, wine, and ]xr\ Mj^yn n^n-'73'! -iny"> :ibn V312
grain — the choice parts that they present to the
Lord — I you.
give to '-^The first fruits of every- iK^n^nu/K n^~iK3 ~iiyK"'73 ni33i>
thing in their land, that they bring to the Lord,
^rfnn iinu-'73 n^n'^ "j]^ mn-''?
shall be yours; everyone of your household who
is clean may eat them. '-lEverything that has
be yours. ''^The
inni7r"i^K '^\u^-b2b nnn iub-'73 15
been proscribed in Israel/shall
first issue of the womb of every being, man or I -qK "n^V'J^^r^? n7pri33T D-FK3 mn"''?
beast, that is offered to the Lord, shall be yours;

--1133 riKT DIKH -|133 DK niDn HIS
but you shall have the first-born of man re- -]3?3 VM^^ i'> :n"i3n HKnun HDnnn
deemed, and you shall also have the firstling of
unclean animals redeemed. '^Take as their re-
I1K17 :K'\ri n-]^ D''it^v u;ii?n b\?v;:\
demption price,.*-' from the age of one month up,
k^ TV ni33-lK nt^3 niin-iK niU7-il33
the money equivalent of five shekels by the sanc-
tuary weight, which is twenty gera/is. '^But the
firstlings of cattle, sheep, or goats may not be

nn'7 n\i7K ~)''vpn D3'7n-nKT n3T)3n
redeemed; they are consecrated. You shall dash nTnij "q^"n;'nT nnu^m i« : mn-''? nn^j
their blood against the altar, and turn their fat
into smoke as an offering by fire for a pleasing
odor to the Lord. i^But their meat shall be "^^nb^ ^'7 'nnj 'T^^rr^b 'bi<.-w->-^n
yours: it shall be yours like the breast of eleva-
n^)3 nnn D'7iy-pn'7 îriK ?i^ri'jn'7T
tion offering and like the right thigh.
:-iriK '^vil'71 ^'7 nin^ '>:i^b Kin 0^71^
'Âll the sacred gifts that the Israelites set aside
for the Lord I give to you, to your sons, and

Kb DYnxn pHK-b'K nSw -iax''i-o
to the daughters that are with you, as a due for -'IK Dpinn ji"?
n;'n;'-k'7 i7^ni '7n^ri
all time. It shall be an everlasting covenant of D : bi<>'w-> in qlnn ^n'7riJ"i "qp^n

salt'' before the Lord for you and for your liuvp'b-D ^nnj mn 'i'7 "'J3'7'12i
offspring as well. -"And the Lord said to Aaron: nnii/K nnnnv n'^n n'7nj'7 '7K"it:/''3
You shall, however, have no territorial share

uî^v
-i<b^~'- :iv'"^ ^')^ ^"I'^vriN
among them or own any portion in their midst;
iVi?3 \n liy iîlp:"
'7n'K-'7K bi<>-]\u'>
I am your portion and your share among the
Kin i\br[ invv3 :rnn^ Kun riKt^^
Israelites.
- 'And to the Levites I hereby give all the tithes DJiy 1KW"' nm lyin briK ninvriK
in Israel as their share in return for the services
that they perform, the services of the Tent of

Meeting. 22Henceforth, Israelites shall not tres-
pass on theTent of Meeting, and thus incur guilt
and die: 23only Levites shall perform the services
of the Tent of Meeting; others' would incur
See Lev. 27.2H.

I.e., for human first-bom; cf. Num. X44ff. For imimuli see Exotl.
34.l9f.
See Lev. 2.13.
Lit. "they:"
326
TORAH NUMBERS 19.3 hukkat npn u-i ~in?31 n-nn
guilt. It is the law for all time throughout the

ages. But they shall have no territorial share -^n "iU7V??"nK •'3 24 :n^m i'7m-' k^
among the Israelites; -'ifor it is the tithes set aside
'nnj nnnn nin"''? i?3n^ nu/K bk'w-'
by the Israelites as a gift to the Lord that I give
^•înn urjb ^n-iTDK )3-bv n'^nj'? u'>^bb
to the Levites as their share. Therefore I have
3 '.ribm ib'nr kb bk'yiu'> '>n
said concerning them: They shall have no ter-
ritorial share among the Israelites.

-'7K126 :i)pKV nvj'irbK mn^ nnT'125
25The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 26Speak inpn-â bn^x n"!)?Ki ^"iîn n^'i^n
to the Levites and say to them: When you receive "IU7K ntirvjan-nK '^KTi^^""'^^ riKW
from the Israelites their tithes, which I have as- Dnnnm n^n'^nn nnxj? dd^ ^nn:
signed to you as your share, you shall set aside :niyy)3rT-]n "lu/yn nin^ njpnn ^mri
from them one-tenth of the tithe as a gift to the
niin-]p ']3i"i3 n^npnn q3^ ^J^nji 27
Lord. -"This shall be accounted to you as your

-D^ innn ]3 28 :nj7;irT-]n nK'7)p3')
gift. As with the new grain from the threshing
floor or the flow from the vat, -^so shall you on
DD-'n'-iu/v^ b:ii'i2 nini npnn bnx
your part set aside a gift for the Lord from all
DnnjT bi<>'w^, nxn inpn ivjk
'J3
the tithes that you receive from the Israelites; :]ri3ri prtKb' mn^ nnnn-nx ^mr:
and from them you shall bring the gift for the npnn-'73 nK innn n3injn)3~'73p 29
Lord to Aaron the priest. -"^You shall set aside :M)2'i2 lu/'ipjp-nx iii^n-'73)p mn^
all gifts due to the Lord from everything that

i3^n-nK D3)p''"!n3 n'?K nnuKTso
is donated to you, from each thing its best por-
p.A nKinn3 Dî'7^ 3u;nji ^mn
tion, the part thereof that is to be consecrated.
-'733 ÎnK Dn'73KT3i nKîiin^^T
:3i7;'^
30Say to them further: When you have re-
moved the best part from it, you Levites may n?"? Kin n3t^"'3 n3ni3T anK Dip?3
consider it the same as the yield of threshing -k'7132 :ij;ij3 briK:i D3rii'3y c]"?!!
floor or vat. -''lYou and your households may is'pn-nK D3pnn3 Kpn vbiJ iKu;n
eat it anywhere, for it is your recompense for i'7'7nn kb bi<,-W^-^z:i ^pip^-nii) ^m'l2
your services in the Tent of Meeting. 32You will Q :ini?3n kb"]

incur no guilt through it, once you have re-
moved the best part from it; but you must not
profane the sacred donations of the Israelites,
lest you die.
y /-I HUKKAT npn

X. ^ The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, pnK-'7Kl rwu'yTbi^ nin^ nîî U''
saying: 2This is the ritual law that the Lord has niyniyK niinn ni^n nKT2 -.'i'î^b
commanded:
Instruct the Israelite people to bring you a red
nnn ^-hi^ inp""! bk'Vdj^, ^)^~^^ '
"".^"^
cow without blemish, in which there is no defect

and on which no yoke has been laid. -''You shall
nu/K m?3 n3-]"'K ^\iJK n?pi?pjn nmx
-bK nn'K DnnjT 3 : bv r\''bv r^bvkb
give it to Eleazar the priest. It shall be taken out-
327
TORAH NUMBERS 19.3 hukkat npn V '^'2172'2. mm
side the camp and slaughtered in his presence.
•Êleazar the priest shall take some of its blood

with his finger and sprinkle seven times to- -7^
it
nfm lvnyK3 nn-in ]ri:2r[ ~i.Ti;'7K
ward the front of the Tent of Meeting. 5The cow
shall be burned in his sight — its hide, flesh, and
blood shall be burned, its dung included — ând -HKi n-jy-riK v;i->vb nnsn-riK ^yu) 5
the priest shall take cedar wood, hyssop, and

:r|'-iu;T n\z;"!3''^V nm-nKi n-jtps
crimson stuff, and throw them into the fire con-

suming the cow. ^The priest shall wash his gar- Dpv inisn riQiu; "ilrr'^K T|i'7u;m
ments and bathe his body in water; after that ipKi D^nn nu;3 yn-iT ]7i2ri vin
the priest may reenter the camp, but he shall -IV ]ri:2'r\ KnuT njn)2n-'7K Kln^
be unclean until evening. ^He who performed nn'K nnyn
D'')35 injin DSD"" ^'^)\LJ^[^ « :
the burning shall also wash his garments in wa-

:nnj;rT-nv kjgut n^jpn nu/s ynni
ter, bathe his body in water, and be unclean until
evening. "Â man who is clean shall gather up
the ashes of the cow and deposit them outside -ilnu alp?pii riinipb yinp n^'iini
the camp in a clean place, to be kept for water ^rzb ^\^^•n\u^nb bîp-'-in niy'? nn^rn°
of lustration" for the Israelite community. It is -riK c]pKn 0331°'" :Kin riKun nij
for cleansing. '"'He who gathers up the ashes of
the cow shall also wash his clothes and be un- DDinn "lAH nj'71 bk'^\u'> ^nb nn^m
clean until evening.
:ubw n^nb
This shall be a permanent law for the Israehtes
KDUT DiK \ut}yb:2b nnî Vi3n
and for the strangers who reside among you.
'•He who touches the corpse of any human
Di^3 in-Kunn;' NirTi2 .w^rii nv^w
being shall be unclean for seven days. '^He shall k'^-dkt "inu"' 'ynii^n uv•2^ ^p^b\ijri
cleanse himself with it^ on the third day and on -ly-inii^n uv2^ "ip^bwri Diîi Kunn''
the seventh day, and then be clean; if he fails DiKriVsn nps vi3n"'73 '3 nnpi i ]3u;nTiK Kunn"" i<b^ m^^-iu/K
he shall not be clean. '-''Whoever touches a "'3
'7K"iu;'')p Kinn \:7Q^n nnnpji k?3U
corpse, the body of a person who has died, and
Tiv njn"' Kpu vbv py-i)2
does not cleanse himself, defiles the Lord's Tab-
:13 iriKpy
ernacle; that person shall be cut off from Israel.
Since the water of lustration was not dashed on

briKii m)3^-'3 dik niinn jikt'-j
him, he remains unclean; his unclcanness is still brik:^ n\^K"'73i ^'^nkn-'^K Nnrrb's
upon him. n^ns ^"73 Vdt? -.u^rii nynw kqu^
'This is the ritual: When a person dies in a :Kin KpU l^'^y '7TI3 T'ny-]"'K ^^\Ui<.
tent, whoever enters the tent and whoever is in

-'7'7n3 niu;n ^33-'7y va-'-iu/n bJ^ '6
the tent shall be unclean seven days; 'ând every
open vessel, with no lid fastened down, shall
be unclean. 'Ând in the open, anyone who
a Lif. Hutfr for impurity,

b I.e., the aihes, as in v. 9.
m
TORAH NUMBERS 20.4 hukkat npn 3 ^11)3:2 n-nn
touches a person who was killed^ or who died

naturally, or human bone, or a grave, shall be Knu^ inp^"ii7 :DipT nynu; xnp"'
unclean seven days. i^Some of the ashes^ from wp vbv ]n}^ riKunn nQiu; nDvn
the fire of cleansing shall be taken for the un-
^n^ja? b'2V^ nitx npî is : ^'73-'7K n-'^'n
clean person, and fresh water shall be added to
-h-^-bv) ^hrikri-bv nTni "hinu ur^K
them in a vessel. iÂ person who is clean shall
-hv) nvj-vn -iu;k n'iu;Q3ri-'7V') D"'^3n
take hyssop, dip it in the water, and sprinkle on
the tent and on all the vessels and people who : -inij7n Ik riKjn ix b^n2. Ik byy^ vhri
were there, or on him who touched the bones ^^^b]!;:! ni"? KpurT-"?:; Hnun nTm 19
or the person who was killed or died naturally
or the grave. '^The clean person shall sprinkle :n"iyn ~inyi 0^735 ynni viaii ospi
it upon the unclean person on the third day and
nnnDJi Kunrr' k^t K)pu^-nu;K vj^k) 20
on the seventh day, thus cleansing him by the

u;%?p-nK°''3 bri^n "qirip Kinn u/ajn
seventh day. He« shall then wash his clothes and
Kpu vbv py'^h np \n k)3U mn*'
bathe in water, and at nightfall he shall be clean.
20If anyone who has become unclean fails to
cleanse himself, that person shall be cut off from -m nmi ub'w njpn^ wnb nn^nvi
the congregation, for he has defiled the Lord's n"i3ri 'p3 VAJini vi^n 033;' h'l^Ti
sanctuary. The water of lustration was not lii-yr-i\^K '73122 :n-iyrT-iv Knp^
dashed on him: he is unclean.
Kppn ny^3ri u^Djm kwu^ Kpun
2 1 That shall be for them a law for all time. Fur-
ther, he who sprinkled the water of lustration
shall wash his clothes; and whoever touches the

water of lustration shall be unclean until eve-
ning. 22Whatever that unclean person touches
shall be unclean; and the person who touches

him shall be unclean until evening.
20 The Israelites arrived in a body at the --innn TTiv'Ti-b^ bK'W'>-in iK'nî J

wilderness of Zin on the first new moon," and
the people stayed at Kadesh. Miriam died there
:au; "inj^ni nnn h\LJ nnni
and was buried there.
n\i;'T2-bv ^br\^^''^ rrivb D^p n;'n-k'7i 2
2The community was without water, and they

joined against Moses and Aaron. -''The people
quarreled with Moses, saying, "If only we had
perished when our brothers perished at the inmn^ '7np-nK briKnn n)3î4 :mn^
stance of the Lord! ^Why have you brought the ^jnjK D\z; mn'? nrn -i3i?2n-'7K
Lord's congregation into this wilderness for us
"
c Lif. "slain by the sword.
d Lit. "earth" or "dust."
e I.e., the person being cleansed.
a Of the fortieth year; cf Num. 33.36-38.
329
TORAH NUMBERS 20.4 hukkat npn D lllim n-nn
and our beasts to die there? swhy did you make

us leave Egypt to bring us to this wretched place, I k^ nT.n y-in n'ii7)3rT-'7K ijnx K-inn"?
a place with no grain or figs or vines or pome-

granates? There is not even water to drink!"
.n'\r\pb
'\Vloses and Aaron came away from the con-
hnsj-b'K '7ri{?n •'jqw priKT nu;b K'nî 6
gregation to the entrance of theTent of Meeting,
-1123 Ky}_ nn-'JEj-'^v "i^?") "'Vi'^ "^n'K
and fell on their faces. The Presence of the Lord
appeared to them, ând the Lord spoke to Mo-
ses, saying, 8"You and your brother Aaron take bnpm nu)3n-nK npn n'WK^ nprn
the rod and assemble the community, and be- nrnim "^'nK ]'"inKT nnK n-tyn-riK
fore their very eyes order the rock to yield its
water. Thus you shall produce water for them

nnvn-riK n-'^ppm y^Dn-]pbi)b urjb
from the rock and provide drink for the con-
gregation and their beasts."
^Moses took the rod from before the Lord,

as He had commanded him. 'OMoses and Aaron
assembled the congregation in front of the rock; urjb "ipK'î y'pDn "'JS-'^k '7rTi7n-nK
and he said to them, "Listen, you rebels, shall K-'YlJ ntn y^Dri-])pri Dn>3ri Krivnu;
we get water for you out of this rock?" ' 'And
Moses raised his hand and struck the rock twice D"")? IKY"! D^jpyQ inunn v'pDn-riK
with his rod. Out came copious water, and the
:n-!"'v;n "îvn npn"] n^nn
community and their beasts drank.
i2But the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, "Be-

""jn ^pvb 'ju;''"ipn'7 ""ii nnj?pKn"k'7
cause you did not trust Me enough to affirm
My sanctity in the sight of the Israelite people,
therefore you shall not lead this congregation "n nran 13 :nri^ ""nnr-iu/K y"}Kn-'7K
into the land that I have given them." '^Those mn^-riK 'rKnu/^-'n nnnwK ninn
are the Waters of Ivleribah'' — meaning the that
Israelites quarrelled with the Lord — through

which He affirmed His sanctity.
' -iFrom Kadesh, Moses sent messengers to the

nvi^ nnK bkip^ ^•'nKhnK na nnK
n-)""! 15 njnx^p iwK nK^nn-'73 hk
king of Edom: "Thus says your brother Israel:
You know all the hardships that have befallen
us; '5that our ancestors went down to Egypt,

that we dwelt in Egypt a long time, and that the n'7u;^"i ^2bp ynu/""] nini-'^K pVYiii i*^
Egyptians dealt harshly with us and our ances- MniK mm nnyian 13ky''t
tors. i6We cried to the Lord and He heard our
plea, and He sent a messenger' who freed us
b I.e., "Quarrel"; cf. Exod. 17.7 and note b there,

c Or "angel."
330
TORAH NUMBERS 20.29 hukkat npn 3 "im)31 n-nn
from Egypt. Now we are in Kadesh, the town

on the border of your territory. iÂllow us, then,
to cross your country. We will not pass through nuj i<b r(p^ "^^y^L^ TO- ^^^ "'P '^^P^
fields or vineyards, and we will not drink water
from wells. We will follow the king's highway,
-]3 'ii invn i<b qiik vbK "iwk^t is
turning off neither to the right nor to the left
until we have crossed your territory."

vbK nnK''Ti9 :';]nK-ip'7 KYK nnn5
i^But Edom answered him, "You shall not
pass through us, else we will go out against you pn npp mni) 'Jpni "'Jk nnu;j
with the sword." i9"We will keep to the beaten i<b •n?3k;'i2o iniiifK ^^7^21 iiTpK
track," the Israelites said to them, "and if we or i;i3 DVin iJî<1i?^ Qi^^ ^)f''.'\ "^^VX^
our cattle drink your water, we wiU pay for it.
-riK ]nj ni"iK iK)p:'"!2i :ni7Tn npi
We ask only for passage on foot—
1
it is but a small
matter." 20But they replied, "You shall not pass
through!" And Edom went out against them in
-73 '7K"iU7^-^jn iK'n^T u/npn ivp^l'^
heavy force, strongly armed. 21 So Edom would
not let Israel cross their territory, and Israel nu/b-'^K npi "i)3Kî 23 :-inn "I'n nivn
turned away from them. -y-iK b^'^ybv nnn nnn ]"iriK-'7K'i
22Setting out from Kadesh, the Israelites ar- '3 T'?3i7"'7K prjK iqpK:: ^4 nnx'? ni"iK
rived in a Mount Hor,
body at Mount Hor. 23At
'>nb 'Jinj i]UK Y^kr[-bK kn^ ir2b ^s-riK Dnnj3-iU7K b^j bKîu"!
said to Moses and Aaron, 24"Let Aaron be gath-
"iJ3 nty'^K-nKT pnKTiK ni7^25 nnnp :
ered to his kin: he is not to enter the land that

I have assigned to the Israelite people, because
-riK uu;QrTi26 nnri in nnx bvr\)
you disobeyed my command about the Waters njy'pK-nK DJiipn^rrT vn^^-riK pnx
of Meribah. 25Take Aaron and his son Eleazar :nu7 nm qpK^ priKl IJ?
and bring them up on Mount Hor. 26Strip
Aaron of his vestments and put them on his son uu;q:'128 :nni;n-'73 \i'>vb -inn irT"'7K
Eleazar. There Aaron shall be gathered ''unto
bn'K \u^b'>_] Tii^^-jiK pHK-riK nu/b
the dead."-''
U7Kn3 u\u pHK n)2i) 1J3 -iTvb'K-nK
27Moses did as the Lord had commanded.
nnri-])p "nTy^KT nu;b nn"! -inn
They ascended Mount Hor in the sight of the
whole community. 28Moses stripped Aaron of isn"! pHK vrx ^^ nivn-b^ w'l^pg
his vestments and put them on his son Eleazar, n^^ b':2 ai^ Dû/'b';:; pnKTiK
and Aaron died there on the summit of the D : bi<.'îu'>
mountain. When Moses and Eleazar came

down from the mountain, 29the whole com-
munity knew that Aaron had breathed his last.
All the house of Israel bewailed Aaron thirty

days.
'
d-d Lit. "and die.
331
TORAH NUMBERS 21.1 hukkat npn K3 imD:^ nmn
21 When the Canaanite, king of Arad,
dwelt in the Negeb, learned that Israel was com-

who KD
ing by the way of Atharim," he engaged Israel
in battle and took some of them captive. 2Then

Israelmade a vow to the Lord and said, "If You
: DnnvTiK 'nninri") "'iîi nrn uvn
deliver this people into our hand, we will
Lord heeded
-riK in""! bkip^ b^^p:!! nin"" y)3u;='i3
proscribe'' their towns." -^The Is-
rael's plea and delivered up the Canaanites; and DnnvTiKT nnriK nin:'i "'JvJBn
they and their cities were proscribed. So that

place was named Hormah.'
nnp"? ^^t'ui ~\-\i iriri in?3 li/p"!-!
^They set out from Mount Hor by way of
the Sea of Reeds'' to skirt the land of Edom. But
the people grew restive on the journey, 5and the

I^K '3 "131)33 mn"? nYâ?^ iJiii"?:;?!
people spoke against God and against Moses,
"Why did you make us leave Egypt to die in the nn^3 nYj7 iju/qjt d^j? yi<,'\ an'?
wilderness? There is no bread and no water, and riK Dy3 nin^ r[bp->]^ -^P^^^
we have come to loathe this miserable food." Dyn-riK i3\i7ri a^Qnii^n n-'ii/n^n
^The Lord sent serap/i^ serpents against the peo-

ple. They bit the people and many of the Isra-
ij-!3-["'3 iJKun nnK^T nwn-bK
elites died. "The people came to Moses and said,
np^l nini-'^K b^'psrin ti3"i n"in-'3
"We sinned by speaking against the Lord and
Lord
1V5 nu/b '7'7ari='i u/n^n-rus: "irb^jri
against you. Intercede with the to take
away the serpents from us!" And Moses inter-

^]b niuv T\\u)2-bi<, mn'' "i)pK=''! » : nyn
ceded for the people. **Then the Lord said to 1iii73n"'73 n^ni Dr'7i7 in'K n^p) qnU;
Moses, "Make a seraph figure and mount it on nu/'nj vjni nm iy V!"! ^ : ""ni in'K hk-jt
a standard. And if anyone who is bitten looks ^\umr[ "^pruK n^rn vîu-bij '\ttdP'')
at it, he shall recover." '^Moses made a copper :"'n"i nu;n^n u^nj"'7N u''3ni u/^ktik
serpent and mounted it on a standard; and when
anyone was bitten by a serpent, he would look

:n3K3 iJii:") bi<,-w-> 'J3 lyp'i '"
at the copper serpent and recover.
Dn3i;rT ".V3 ijn"! nlKw ^vp"!"
lOThe Israelites marched on and encamped nimp 3Kln ^^B'bv IWN "131)33
at Oboth. "They set out from Oboth and en- :TnT '7nJ3 IJn^T IVDJ DW?3 '^ •.Mj'nwn
camped at lye-abarim, in the wilderness bor-

dering on Moab to the east. '^From there they
a Meaning of Heb. ha- 'atharim uncertain. Targum and other

ancient versions render "the way (taken by] the scouts.
b I.e., utterly destroy, reserving no booty except what is deposited
in the Sanctuary; see Josh. 6.24.
c Connected wtth hehcrim "to proscribe."

d SeeExod. 10.19 note.
e Cf.lsa. l4.29;30.6.0thers"fiery";exactmeaningofHeb.iariph
—
TORAH NUMBERS 21.25 hukkat npn ND linDl n-nn
set out and encamped at the wadi Zered. i^From "IU7K ]iJ")K nnyp ijn^T iyoj nwp 13
there they set out and encamped beyond the llnK ""a ']'>2Kri b^-^m KY^n niiKin
Arnon, that is, in the wilderness that extends
:n')3Kri nKi)3 nKl)3 "71^^
j-'ni y^
from the territory of the Amorites. For the
Arnon is the boundary of Moab, between Moab
:]lnK n'''7mri-nKi nsnon nnrriK
and the Amorites. I'lTherefore the Book of the
Wars of the Lord speaks of /"...Waheb in
Suphah, and the wadis: the Arnon iSwith its
:nK'in b^:iyh ]vp:i']
tributary wadis, stretched along the settled njpK -iu;k nxîn Kin nnxn aiirpîe
country of Ar, hugging the territory of Moab ..."

i6And from there to Beer,i^ which is the well -riK bk'yiui nû/T tki7 d :um
where the Lord said to Moses, "Assemble the
riK-Tri riywri
people that I may give them water." '''Then Is-
rael sang this song:

Spring up, O well — sing to it
nnu; nnDn iKn is
isThe well which the chieftains dug, uvri ""nnj hns
Which the nobles of the people started Dn'jyu7p:3 pj^npn
With maces, with their own staffs.
And from Midbar'' to Mattanah, iând from h\^K Ki^n ni^binpT 20 : nipin '7K'''7m)pT
Mattanah to Nahaliel, and from Nahaliel to
napsn u;k"i riKin niU/n
-'7V nQ|7u;Ji
Bamoth, 20and from Bamoth to the valley that
is in the country of Moab, at the peak of Pisgah,

overlooking the wasteland.'
]n''p-'7K D''pKb')3 ^bK'ip'i n'7u;'"!2i
2 'Israel now sent messengers to Sihon king
of the Amorites, saying, 22"Let me pass through •p nriU7j kb "isni niti^n nuj kb
your country. We will not turn off into fields n'nyr-iU7K nv ^b^ '^b'kn ^-115 "iKin
or vineyards, and we will not drink water from iny^'^K-jtiz-'-nK fn^p ]nrK'7T23 :T|^na
wells. We will follow the king's highway until
we have crossed your territory." 23But Sihon

n^n^ Knî nniiJari ^bK'W'> riKip^
would not let Israel pass through his territory.
->^b '7K-iU7^ ^n3='i24 :^K"iu;''n nn^V""!
Sihon gathered all his people and went out
against Israel in the wilderness. He came to
pnii-nv PI^^P lynKTiK \uy''] n-in
Jahaz and engaged Israel in battle. 24But Israel :]lJ2y -"jn b^2^ TV •'3 ]173V ->n-iv
put them to the sword, and took possession of n'pKn Dnvn-^3 nx bk'^p-^ nip^vs
their land, from the Arnon to the Jabbok, as far ]liiU7n3 nbKn "^V"'^?^ bi<,i\u'' nu/'i
as [Az] of the Ammonites, for Azi marked the : n^nj3-'7Dn^
boundary of the Ammonites. 25isi-ael took all
/ The quotation that follows is a fragment; text and meaning are

uncertain,
g Lit. "well."
h Septuagint "the well" ( = Beer); cf v. 16.
i Or "Jeshimon."
j
Septuagint "Jazer," cf. v. 32. Others "for the boundary of the
"J "I "J Anunonites was strong."
TORAH NUMBERS 21.25 hukkat npn KD "IDTm n-nn
those towns. And Israel settled in all the towns Kin n'âxn -q^n ]n"'p "i^v I'l^^n ^2 26
of the Amorites, in Heshbon and all its depen- nj?""! pii/Kiii hKl)3 q'pKjn nn'7J Kim
dencies. "if?^ iy~iK-'73-nK
p-'^V'' :p~|i<""iV
-^Now Heshbon was the city of Sihon king
of the Amorites, who had fought against a for-

mnn pinu/n ikn
mer king of Moab and taken all his land from
:]"in"'p '^'>v iJlsri"!
him as far as the Arnon. -"Therefore the bards
would recite:
]liiu;nD HKy"; 'u7K-'3 28
''"Come to Heshbon; firmly built fn"'p nnpp nnn"?

And well founded is Sihon's city. nKin -^v n'pDK
-spor fire went forth from Heshbon, :p"|K nlw3 ""^y?
Flame from Sihon's city,
•2km '71^-'iK29
Consuming Ar of Moab,
The lords of Bamoth' by the Arnon.
2'^Woe to you, O Moab!
You are undone, O people of Chemosh!
His sons are rendered fugitive
And his daughters captive
By an Amorite king, Sihon." pn-ii-iy P^^n

30mYet we have cast them down utterly,
Heshbon along with Dibon; *'^^^<:

:K;2Tp""tV
We have wrought desolation at Nophah,
nb\u'>] 32 : n'?3KrT yiKn bk'iiu^, hu/^'i 31
Which is hard by Medeba.
3'So Israel occupied the land of the Amorites.
''-Then Moses sent to spy out Jazer, and they :Du;—iu;k nDKHTiK \lj'^v^
captured its dependencies and dispossessed the

Amorites who were there.
^)2V-b:2^ Kin nnKip'? ]\i;3n-^'7n

3-^They marched on and went up the road to
-bK mn^ -i)3K='i34 :^V"i~iK nipnbT^b
Bashan, and King Og of Bashan, with all his peo-
in'K ^nnj "Tji^n 'a ihk K-i^n-'7K n\^b
ple, came out to Edrei to engage them in battle.
^b nû/VT lyiK-riKi iK3V-'73-nKT
^''But the Lord said to Moses, "Do not fear him,
for I give him and all his people and his land nu7K nnKH "q'pjp ]W'ob n-iti/v -iit7><3
into your hand. You shall do to him as you did vjnTiK'l in'K id:"!-^? :iinu;n3 nu/T"
to Sihon king of the Amorites who dwelt in

'T hv npj V. M).
Heshbon." ^-''They defeated him and his sons
and all his people, until no remnant was left
k The meaning of several pans of this ancient poem is no longer

certain.
I Cf v\: 19 and 20 and Num. 22.21.

m Meaning of verse uncertain. Alternatively:
"Thetr dominion is at an end
From Heshbon to Dibon
And from Nashim to Nophah,
^Vhich 15 hard hy Medeba.
334
"
TORAH NUMBERS 22.12 balak p'^n 13 nmnn mm
him; and they took possession of his country.
^ ^ iThe Israehtes then marched on and en-

^ ^ ' camped in the steppes of Moab, across
the Jordan from Jericho.

D nnT ^n^b- inv)?
BALAK p^3
2Balak son of Zippor saw all that Israel had
done to the Amorites.
^Moab was alarmed because that people was

Kirr-ni ^3 nxn nyn 'JQ)3 nklxj '^v>^ 3
so numerous. Moab dreaded the Israelites, ând

-|)3K''14 :'7K-lt^^ 'n ""JSp nKl)3 yi^^^l
Moab said to the elders of Midian, "Now this
horde will lick clean all that is about us as an

ox licks up the grass of the field." PX ^^ "•'i^r^ "nn^? iJ''nn''np-'73-nK
Balak son of Zippor, who was king of Moab

at that time, Ssent messengers to Balaam son of :Kinri nyii i^^'nb "q^pp nlQyjn p|7nT
Beor in Pethor, which is by the Euphrates," in "ilyn-jn Di;^3-'7K 'Pk'?)? n'pu/^Ts

the land of his kinsfolk, to invite him, saying,
"There is a people that came out of Egypt; it
hides the earth from view, and it is settled next

nu;"^ Kim \^kr\ pv-riK hdd mn
to me. 6Come then, put a curse upon this people
-riK '^nnK Krn^"? "nrii/T 6 -.-hif^-n
for me, since they are too numerous for me; per-
haps I can thus defeat them and drive them out
'h'yif. '11)3)3 Kin m^V"^? '^1'^ ^^C'
of the land. For I know that he whom you bless a yiKH-])? liiu/n^KT lii'nsj ^b:^M^
is blessed indeed, and he whom you curse is iKri "iu;ki T|nnj3 '"innrrni^K riK ""riVT
cursed." nKT'
''The elders of Moab and the elders of Midian, pDpi ]h)3 ^Jpn nKi)3 ""jpT ^'2h^v
^-versed in divination,-'' set out. They came to
Balaam and gave him Balak's message. ^He said

to them, "Spend the night here, and I shall reply
to you as the Lord may instruct me." So the

mn^ nniT "iu^k? "inT b^riK "'nnu/ni
Moabite dignitaries stayed with Balaam. :Di7^n-DV nKlJ3-nu7 inu;"! -hK
9God came to Balaam and said, "What do -p n)3kî Di;'73-'7K w^rib^ Knî9
these people want of you?" lOBalaam said to ny^3 n)3K='"! 10 : ^)2V n^xn ""u^jkh
God, "Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab, sent nKi?3 "q^p isyj:? p'73 n-'ri'7Kn-'7K
me this message: I'Here is a people that came
nn.Y)3)3 KY^n byn mn 1
1 :
i^k n'îp
out from Egypt and hides the earth from view.
''^-nnp HD^ nny y-iKn I'ivtik Dp:'i
Come now and curse them for me; perhaps I
n^riu/IAl 1:3 Dn'^n'? '^dik -hM^ inK

can engage them in battle and drive them off."
i2But God said to Balaam, "Do not go with
a Lit. "the River.

b-h Lit. "with divination in their power (hand)."
335
TORAH NUMBERS 22.12 balak pb:i n3 imnn n-nn
them. You must not curse that people, for they

are blessed."
'
''Balaam arose in the morning and said to Ba- ntp-'TK inK'h npnin nv'^^ '•'
î?","!
lak's dignitaries, "Go back to your own country,
for the Lord will not let me go with you." '-iThe
nkln ntz; iDipî '•»
: a3)3V "^^^^ ^r\nb
Moabite dignitaries left, and they came to Balak
and said, "Balaam reftised to come with us."
i?Then Balak sent other dignitaries, more nu-

merous and distinguished than the first. i^They w'^n nntf^ ribp pb:i ily c^d'""! is
came to Balaam and said to him, "Thus says Ba-

lak son of Zippor: Please do not refuse to come
to me. will reward you richly and I will do
•''I
'•^n^DK -rn3"'3i' :"''7k 'i)>T}')2 yj^n
anything you ask of me. Only come and damn
this people for me." '^Balaam replied to Balak's
uvb:! ]Vl^ '» : nin avn hk "'^"nnj? k3
officials, "Though Balak were to give me his
house full of silver and gold, I could not do any-

pb:i ''7-]n''-DK p^n nnv'^K ~i)pK''i
thing, big or little, contrary to the command iny'? ^731^ iribK mn*" ""B'nK
overnight, and let me find out what else the nnK-aa ntn kj n\^ nnvv :^'?™
Lord may God came
say to me." -OThat night : 'Hv "131 mn"' ciD^-nn nviKi rib^^ri
to Balaam and said to him, "If these men have
come to invite you, you may go with them. But

"^b mp "'U^JKH 1K3 ^-]b Kip'7-DK 1^7
whatever command you, that you shall do."
I
Tj-'b'K -iniK-~iiyK nn^rrriK "qKi djik

2 1 When he arose in the morning, Balaam sad-
dled his ass and departed with the Moabite dig-
•.npvn iriK
nitaries. --But God was incensed at his going; iJhK-riK u/nri"} ipiiii Dy'73 npî)-^
so an angel of the Lord placed himself in his ~n"'rT'7K c]K""in;''! 22 :3Kin ""i.tf^-DV t|î"!
way as an adversary. mn;' ^K^n

lip nyiin""! "k^n I'în-^s
He was riding on his she-ass, with his two ser- I'? ]viub
vants alongside, -Vhen the ass caught sight of
-.mv p-)VJ ^:i\u^ ^tini^-bv npi Kin-i
the angel of the Lord standing in the way, with
n^j nin^ TjK'pjp-nK pnKn N-!rT]23
his drawn sword in his hand. The ass swerved
from the road and went into the fields; and Ba- priKH uni 11^3 r[^^bp ininT ini.?
laam beat the ass to turn her back onto the road. -nK nvb:i -]"_) n-rws q'prii T|-nrT-]a
-•The angel of the Lord then stationed himself "îibr; i)3i;:'T24 :"q"i.in nnurT"? ]inKn
in a lane between the vineyards, with a fence on l'^\y^ nm ttj a^n-isn "îyu/nn nin""
either side. -^The ass, seeing the angel of the
nin"" TiK'rn-nK linxri Kin]:.^ -.-nm
Lord, pressed herself against the wall and
uvb:i "îyriK yn'^n"! i-'pn-'^Kyn^ni
squeezed Balaam's foot against the wall; so he
"îf'b-n tqpT'i 2'^ : nn'an'? qo""! "i-iipn-VK
beat her again. -'Ônce more the angel of the
Lord moved forward and stationed himself on
336
TORAH NUMBERS 22.38 balak pb^ nD ~in"T?3n nmn
a spot so narrow that there was no room to K-irn.27 :'7iKnu7i T'pT niuj'p "qn^"]''^
swerve right or left. 2"When the ass now saw the

angel of the Lord, she lay down under Balaam;
and Balaam was furious and beat the ass with
his stick.
"DpK'ni ]inKri "'Btik mn*' nn3''"!28
28Then the Lord opened the ass's mouth, and
she said to Balaam, "What have I done to you
that you have beaten me these three times?" 'a iijik'p by^n nnKî 29 wbri : 'db'^
29Balaam said to the ass, "You have made a
mockery of me! If I had a sword with me, I'd xivb:2rbi^ priKn nni<'AT3o :"q''rinn
kill you." 30The ass said to Balaam, "Look, I am -hv rinD")--iu;k "înK "'DJk Ki^n
the ass that you have been riding all along until
"njijpn isprrn nfn Dl^rmy "^livn
this day! Have I been in the habit of doing thus
•.iib ~\'nK'^^ na î^
r\wvb
to you?" And he answered, "No."
-riK K")î 'hvb'2. '^'VTiK nin"" br<^ 31
31 Then the Lord uncovered Balaam's eyes,
and he saw the angel of the Lord standing in

'^'[^bMj i^-ini 'q-1^5 nyj nin^ '^k'?)?
the way, his drawn sword in his hand; thereupon vbK naK'i 32 -.v^Kb innu7'i ij?"! lT2i
he bowed '"right down to the ground.-'' -^^yhe HT "^jriK-riK 'T\'':iT[ T\iybv nin;' qx'?)?
angel of the Lord said to him, "Why have you \iDwb Tixy^ ^DJK nîn n'h'n Mj'\b'0
beaten your ass these three times? It is I who i^^j"? "q-iin

priKji ''JK-irri 33 : un^""?
came out as an adversary, for the errand is
nnpj ''îK xyb'f\. ^b^ nr î^b uriT
obnoxious^ to me. 33And when the ass saw me,
she shied away because of me those three times.
nin^ qx'pTp-b'K Dy'pin "i)?k''t 34 : •'rr'^nri
If she had not shied away from me, you are the
one I should have killed, while sparing her." nyj nnii. ""b ^^VX i^b ^3 ""riKun
34Balaam said to the angel of the Lord, "I erred
because I did not know that you were standing -bK nyn'', '^k'?'? '"t?^'""! -^^ : 'V niîif/K
in my way. If you still disapprove, I will turn
back." 35But the angel of the Lord said to Ba-
laam, "Go with the men. But you must say noth-
ing except what I tell you." So Balaam went on
with Balak's dignitaries.
36When Balak heard that Balaam was coming,
he went out to meet him at Ir-moab, which is p^n iDK''"! 37 : b^^:l^r^ nypn "iu/k p")K
on the Arnon border, at its farthest point. 3^Ba-
lak said to Balaam, "When I first sent to invite
you, why didn't you come to me? Am I really

p^n-'^K Di7^3 n)3K^T 38 : -qpB '731K kb'
unable to reward you?" 38But Balaam said to Ba-
"i^T b^^K '7b^n nny ?]''^k ^'nKn-mn
lak, "And now that I have come to you, have I
'n nini v. 33.
c-c Lit. "and prostrated himself to his nostrils."
d Precise meaning of Heb. uncertain.
337
TORAH NUMBERS 22.38 balak p'7n 133 inmn n-nn
the power to speak freely? I can utter only the "pzi D^rr'^K D^JWi "iii/K liiin hdikq
word that God puts into my mouth."
-^'^Balaam went with Balak and they came to
Kiriath-huzoth.
nW""! iKî ni73 pb:\ nspi^" :nlyn
*"Balak sacrificed oxen and sheep, and had
them sen'ed to Balaam and the dignitaries with
him. -^'In the morning Balak took Balaam up

to Bamoth-baal. From there he could see a por- :nyri nyp nwp k-i"."!
tion of the people.
23 Balaam said to Balak, "Build me seven :\D

altars here and have seven bulls and seven rams nynu/ nrn ^^b ]Drn n'nnin nynu; r[]:i
ready here for me." -Balak did as Balaam di- -iiyK3 [7^3 tz;yii ^ : ''7"'k nynu/i ans
rected; and Balak and Balaam offered up a bull
b-jK) 15 nvb:i^ pb:^ b^^_) uvb::i -i:ai
and a ram on each altar. ^Then Balaam said to
n^^nn pb:ib Dy'73 nuK^'V' :nnT?33
Balak, "Stay here beside your offerings while I
nin;' n-ijp^ ^^^k n•hbi<.^ '^nVy-b'y

am gone. Perhaps the Lord will grant me a
manifestation, and whatever He reveals to me
^7 'riiArri -"jK-i^-n)? inn "•nxip'?
1 will tell you." And he went off alone."

'God manifested Himself to Balaam, who vbi<. "inK''! Dvb'n-b'K n^rib^ '^p^î
said to Him, "I have set up the seven altars and "13 biJK) 'nnny nnnTian nynuz-riK
offered up a bull and a ram on each altar." ?And
sn "ini nin'' ntz/fî? innrân bm)
the Lord put a word in Balaam's mouth and
:nn"in nb") pb:2rbi<. :iw ii^k") uvb:i
said, "Return to Balak and speak thus."
^So he returned to him and found him stand-
Kin inyy-'^v ni^j mni vbii nu/'^T^
ing beside his offerings, and all the Moabite

"Ipk"! '\b\LJ'>2 KW"! "
: IKln 'lti7-'7nT
dignitaries with him. ''He took up his theme,

pb^ 'Jtir °1^"1^
and said:
From Aram has Balak brought me, ^pV.i '"^'niK n:2b

Moab's king from the hills of the East:
:'7K~)ti7T nny'T ^2b^
Come, curse me Jacob,
bK nnp i(b IpK r]r2 »
Come, tell Israel's doom!
8How can I damn whom God'' has not
:mn'' DVT k"? Di/TK nm
damned. i3K"iK bny u/Kin-'S **
How doom when the Lord has not doomed? iniu/K niynjm
''As I see them from the mountain tops, p\u^ Tin'^ Dy-]n
Gaze on them from the heights, :n\:7nn"' i<b D^^m
There is a people that dwells apart,
Not reckoned among the nations.
II Others "to a bare height"; extict meiitiitig of lleb. shtphi

timcrtain.
h Hch. El, tis often i» thete poems. 338
"
TORAH NUMBERS 23.21 balak pVn :iD miTDn n-nn
loWho can count the dust^ of Jacob,
Number'^ the dust-cloud of Israel? '7K-IU;:' ynn-riK ispnT

May I die the death of the upright, <"
May my fate be like theirs!

:^n?33 ""nnnx '>r\m
1 iThen Balak said to Balaam, "What have you

done to me? Here I brought you to damn my
enemies, and instead you have blessed them!" :'qnn n^n^ njini '^"'nnpV ^•'n:'K np^
i2He replied, "I can only repeat faithfully what h)rT< UW1 "lU/K nK iibri "ipK^'i ]vi) 12
the Lord puts in my mouth." i3Then Balak said vbi< nnK'îis n-îb iJ?U7K in'K '^3
to him, "Come with me to another place from hriK Qlp?p"'7K 'JiK KrnD^ kj -^b p^n
which you can see them —you will see only a
portion of them; you will not see all of
:DU^n """p-Unpl HKin Kb I^DT
them —and damn them for me from there."
i4With that, he took him to Sedehzophim,/on

the summit of Pisgah. He built seven altars and b^K) -i|j bv''_) nnnm nv'^vj )'y>)
offered a bull and a ram on each altar. isAnd n'3 :ipn'n p^n-'^K Sjpk^T 15 : nnmî
[Balaam] said to Balak, "Stay here beside your :n3 nnf7K 'djkt "^nb^j-bv
offerings, while I seek a manifestation yonder." vp:2. niT nm nvbirbK h)'n'' -ip^^T le
i6The Lord manifested Himself to Balaam K'n^T 17 :iniri nbT :iw "upK^Ji
P^^t^'^^k
and put a word in his mouth, saying, "Return
nxm nu7i '\hbi;-bv ^^^^ ^^) ^"'^^^
to Balak and speak thus." i^He went to him and
:mn:' n;nTn?3 p^n \b "inx^'i iriK
found him standing beside his offerings, and the
Moabite dignitaries with him. Balak asked him, IpKÎ "ibvjp Kti7='1 18
"What did the Lord say?" iÂnd he took up his
theme, and said: vpvj) pb:i mp

:nay in 'ly nprnn
Up, Balak, attend, n-bî ^bK vj^K Kb 19
Give ear unto me, son of Zippor!

nnjn^l D"TK-]nT
i9God is not man to be capricious.
ntiryi Kb) h)pK Kinn
Or mortal to change His mind.
:mp"'p:' kî "inii
Would He speak and not act.
Promise and not fulfill?

•'nnpb' 'n"in mn2o
20My message was to bless:
When He blesses, I cannot reverse it. npy:':^ \ik u^:nrT-k'7 2i
2 'No harm is in sight for Jacob,
No woe in view for Israel.

1?3i; vn"?]^mn^
The Lord their God is with them.
:13 iib'p nvnrn
Cf. Gen. 13.16.
Lit. "and the mimher of."
Heb. yesharim, a phiy on yeshurun {Jeshurun in Dent. 32.15),
a name for Israel.
Or "Lookout Point.
339
lORAH NUMBERS 23.21 balak pb-a a3 ~i:n?3:2 mm
And their King's acclaim in their midst.
--God who freed them from Egypt

Is for them like the hornsi' of the wild ox.
--^Lo, there is no augury in Jacob,
'7K-iu;-'ii nDp-K"?!
No divining in Israel:''
Jacob is told at once,

:'7K bvB-n72 bk^î^'b^
Yea Israel, what God has planned.'
-•Lo, a people that rises like a lion.
Leaps up like the '-king of beasts,-;

Rests not till it has feasted on prey
And drunk the blood of the slain. :nnu7'' n"''7'7n-mT
2?Thereupon Balak said to Balaam, "Don't

curse them and don't bless them!" 26ln reply,
Balaam said to Balak, "But I told you: Whatever
the Lord says, that I must do." ^^Jhen Balak y^K ""nnni iibri p'7n-'7K "dok"! ny'pn
said to Balaam, "Come now, will take you to I

: niyvK ln"K mn^ iniT-iu/K Vs "ir^Kb
another place. Perhaps God will deem it right TinpK KrHD"? Dy'73-'7K p/'n idk"! 27
that you damn them for me there." 28Balak took 'pyn hu;"''' •'b^K "inx mp?p-'7K
Balaam to the peak of Peor, which overlooks p'7n np''i28 -.nm ^b in'npT D-'rl'7Kn
the wasteland.*^ 29Balaam said to Balak, "Build
''2^-bv ^'pmri livQn vjki av^^-riK
me here seven altars, and have seven bulls and
-nn pîi'^^K byb'n "DOKî 24 : fwu/'irT
seven rams ready for me here." ÔBalak did as
Balaam said: he offered up a bull and a ram on

nn ^^b ]3n"i nnnrn nynu; n\:i •'b
each altar. \^^l^M) :D-''7-'K nynu/T nns nynu;

'7:'K'l -13 '^Vj'.'! DV^3 IpK n\^K3 p^3
:nnT)33
24 Now Balaam, seeing that it pleased the
Lord to bless Israel, did not, as on previous oc-

casions, go in search of omens, but turned his
face toward the wilderness. 2As Balaam looked

-riKKi:'"! vrvnK ny'^n kw^v .v2B
up and saw Israel encamped tribe by tribe, the
spirit of God came upon him. ^Taking up his

nn vb}j >r^^\^ v\p:i\LJb ]2\u bk'îu''
"iDK"! ^b]:;^ KW''^ ^ -.

u^ribK
theme, he said:
g Lit. "eminences," uxd figuratively.

h Cf. Deul. 18.10-15.
I Or, "Ebe would it be told to Jacob, I \ea to hrael, what (jod has
planned.
"
j-j Heb. 'ari, another term for "lion.
k Cf note on 21.20.
a Some of the poetic portions of this chapter are unclear.
340
"
TORAH NUMBERS 24.14 balak p"?! 13 "iman min
"Word of Balaam son of Beor,

Word of the man whose eye is true,^ :pvrT unp -inAn dkjt
4Word of him who hears God's speech,
Who beholds visions from the Almighty,

ntn^ '^^p nm)? nu/K
Prostrate, but with eyes unveiled:
5How fair are your tents, O Jacob,
Your dwellings, O Israel!
6Like palm-groves that stretch out.
Like gardens beside a river.
Like aloes planted by the Lord,

Like cedars beside the water;
7Their boughs drip with moisture,
Their roots'^ have abundant water.
Their king shall rise above Agag,
Their kingdom shall be exalted.
D\n-! Q-'pB lyin
8God who freed them from Egypt lij^jp \my2 ny^

Is for them like the horns'^ of the wild ox. ilnD"?)? Kpm)
They shall devour enemy nations.
Crush their bones.
1^ OKI n'syina
And smash their arrows.
Tiny um '75k"'
9They crouch, they down like a lion, lie
Dnp nn''nbyi7T
Like the king of beasts;^ who dare rouse them?
Blessed are they who bless you,
Accursed they who curse you!

nK3 npU7 vn3 9
lOEnraged at Balaam, Balak struck his hands

together. "I called you," Balak said to Balaam, m-)K "^niKi
"to damn my enemies, and instead you have
blessed them these three times! i
' Back with you
-riK p'Qp^T i7^3-'7K p^3 qx-in;'! lo
at once to your own place! I was going to reward

'"n^'K np^ Di7îi-'7K pîi n^pK^'i vs?
you richly, but the Lord has denied you the re-
ward." '^Balaam replied to Balak, "But I even
Pbp HT înn nDn^ mni ^'nKnp
told the messengers you sent to me, i-^'Though '^)3lp)p-'7K "^^"nn? nnyiii in^nya
Balak were to give me his house full of silver mn"" ^yjn mrri "Jiin^K 153 '"'JÎ^pk
and gold, I could not of my own accord do any- Kbn pb:2.-bK ny^n "DpK'îi- :"f'i33)p
thing good or bad contrary to the Lord's com-

mand. What the Lord says, that I must say.'
în^n k^pp p^n ''^]n^-DKi3 n'DKb
'Ând now, as I go back to my people, let me
nrn'' "'Qtik Hnvb' b^m i<b hnn cid3
inform you of what this people will do to your
-i5ii-i\^K '|i^?p nv") ii5 nniu nwvb
b Others "whose eye is (or, eyes are) open"; meaning of Heb. ^l^ln ""j^n nny'114 nîK in'K mn*'
uncertain,
c Lit, "and its seed. n^ri nyn ripv"] ^Pk ^yy-'K hd^ îpvb
d See note at 23.22.
e Heb. labi, another word for "lion"; cf. note at 23.24.
341
TORAH NUMBERS 24.14 balak pb'n 13 imnn n-nn
people in days to come." '-''He took up his 1'7u;d Kti/îi-^ :n-'p^n nnnKB ^jay'?
theme, and said:
Word of Balaam son of Beor,

Word of the man whose eye is true, : j-'vn nnu; "in^n dkjt
'^Word of him who hears God's speech, bk">^)2K V)p'U7 DNJ i*^
Who obtains knowledge from the Most High, ]vb:j nv^_ vti
And beholds visions from the Almighty, ^''^p nin??
nfn^
Prostrate, but with eyes unveiled:
•'What I see for them is not yet.
What I behold will not be soon:

A star rises from Jacob, niij? i<b^ iniu/K
A scepter comes forth from Israel;
It smashes the brow of Moab,

The foundation of/ all children of Seth. iKln 'riKEj yn?pT
'SEdom becomes a possession.
:nur-'J5-'73 "Ii7"!p1
Yea, Seir a possession of its enemies;
nii/T DliK n^m is
But Israel is triumphant.

iîi^K -fytz; nu/n^ rîri)
'"Â victor issues from Jacob
:b''n ntz/'y '7K-ju;:'"!
To wipe out what is left of Ir.
-"He saw Amalek and, taking up his theme, he

said:
A leading nation is Amalek; IpK'^l IÛ/Jp KWÎ p'7)3V-nK K-i:'T 20
But its fate is to perish forever.
2iHe saw the Kenites and, taking up his theme, :nlK '"T.y innriKi
he said:
"ipk""! ^b\LJ)2 Kti/""! •'rjpn-nK N"i:!"!2i
Though your abode be secure.
And your nest be set among cliffs,
--Yet shall Ka'ins be consumed.

When Asshur takes you captive. ]''p nyn"? h^'h-'-dk ""d -2
23He took up his theme and said:

:713u;n iWK nn-iv
Alas, who can survive except God has willed
-ipK"! ^b\u)2 K\i;''i23
it!
-'Ships come from the quarter of Kittim;
They subject Asshur, subject Eber.

TIB i^n n-'YT 24
They, too, shall perish forever.
-^Then Balaam set out on his journey back

home; and Balak also went his way.
I Samanlan "the pale of. " cf. ler. 4H.45: others "hraih ilown.
g I.e., the Kenitey
342
" '
TORAH NUMBERS 25.13 pinhas om^'Q HD 121)3^ n-nn
25 While Israel was staying at Shittim, the

people "-profaned themselves by whoring" with ÎKni^nv :nKiJ3 nm-'^K nUT"? uvn
the Moabite women, 2who invited the people
Dyn '7DKî in-'pf'^K '>n:i]b uijb
to the sacrifices for their god. The people par-
bK-w'', im^î :]ri''rf'7K^ ^'innu;;'!
took of them and worshiped that god. ^Thus Is-
rael attached itself to Baal-peor, and the Lord

was incensed with Israel. ^^The Lord said to Mo-
ses, "Take all the ringleaders^' and have them nij nin^'7 nnlK yp.lni nyn ""U/k"!
publicly^ impaled before the Lord, so that the :b'K'iU7^?p mn-'-riK ]l"in 2\LJi) vj)2wr[
Lord's wrath may turn away from Israel." 5So

Moses said to Israel's officials, "Each of you slay
those of his men who attached themselves to
nnj?::! i^'^ bk-]^'' 'inn "w^k mme
Baal-peor."
nvj'n •'pvb n"'r"i?3rT-nK i"'nK-'7K
6Iust then one of the Israelites came and
D-iii n)3ri'i '7Knu;^-'J5 niv-h^ '>pvb^
brought a Midianite woman over to his com-
panions, in the sight of Moses and of the "1^ bnrs Ki^v :"ti;in brlK nns
whole Israelite community who were weeping
at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting. ^When -uz-'K nriK K'n^fs :1t3 nnn n^_''^
Phinehas, son of Eleazar son of Aaron the priest, riK nn^Ji^-nKHpT"! nî^n-'^K bk'^p''
saw this, he left the assembly and, taking a spear
nn2\^-bK nii/KPT-riK"] bki\u^, \u'>k
in his hand, she followed the Israelite into the
vr[1^ 9 : bi<,'W'> in b}j'D n^mn nyyriT
chamber and stabbed both of them, the Israel-
nntpv") nyî-jK npaian a-'nian
ite and the woman, through the belly. Then
3 :r|^K
the plague against the Israelites was checked.
9Those who died of the plague numbered

twentv-four thousand.
PINHAS
'OThe Lord spoke to Moses, saying, Dnrs " n'JpK^ r^pn-bK mni '^Tv^ 'o
1
'"Phinehas, son of Eleazar son of Aaron the
priest, has turned back My wrath from the Is-
-riK iKJpn '^K-it^T-'jn b^p ^nipn
raelites by displaying among them his passion
for Me, so that I did not wipe out the Israelite

people in My passion. '-Say, therefore, T grant
him My pact of friendship. '3It shall be for him li7"iT'7T''i^ r[ni'ri'\ '3 : nl'pu; ""rinn-nK i"?
and his descendants after him a pact of priest- nu;K nnn n^^ly n^ns nnn innx
hood for all time, because he took impassioned : bK'^\^'' '':i2.-bv ^^B21^ vribKb k3P
action for his God, thus making expiation for
the Israelites.'"
a-a Others "began to commit harlotry.
b Lit. "heads of the people."

c Others "in face of the sun.
343
lORAH NUMBERS 25.14 pinhas onra hd "1111)33 n-nn
i4The name of the Israelite who was killed, 71:^7] n\^K n3)3n bk-îu^ \uî<: 'um n
the one who was killed with the Midianite -n^n K'>\ui npT n"'ri73n-nK
Ki'7D-]3
woman, was Zimri son of Salu, chieftain of a
n3)3n nwKH du/t-^ .'>p)2wb nK
Simeonite ancestral house. '?The name of the
-n-iB m)3K WK"i ny-nn -"^td n-'^îan
Midianite woman who was killed was Cozbi
daughter of Zur; he was the tribal head of an
ancestral house in Midian.
-iny I- :inK'7 nwD-'7f< mn^ iî-'i i^
'6The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, •'"'Assail

"'3 18 :DnlK Dn-'sm D^ri)3rT-nK
the Midianites and defeat them — 'sfor they as- I'^BrnU/K DrT''73J3 D3^ DH DniY
sailed you by the trickery they practiced against
you —because of the affair of Peor and because
of the affair of their kinswoman Cozbi, daughter
:-ny3-im-by
of the Midianite chieftain, who was killed at the
time of the plague on account of Peor."
26 i^^When the plague was over, 'the Lord

said to Moses and to Eleazar son of Aaron the -]3 iTi;'7K '7K'i nwb-'7K n)r[^ iî^"")
priest, -"Take a census of the whole Israelite
I u/K-iTiK iku;2 :i)pK'7 ]n3n pnK
community from the age of twenty years up, by
nj\f; ontyv i3n '7K-)t^"'-'J3 niyb^
their ancestral houses, all Israelites able to bear
K3Y Ny'''-'73 Dn'3K n"'3^ ^(bvn^
arms." 3a So Moses and Eleazar the priest, on
]n'3rT n.Ty'^KT nu;b ~i3"i^V' :'7k-iu;^3
the steppes of Moab, at the Jordan near Jericho,
gave instructions about them, namely, ^those

from twent)' years up, as the Lord had com- nu/K? r^bvr2^ mw nnu;^ ]3)3 -i
: ^^r2i<.b
manded Moses.
The descendants of the Israelites who came
out of the land of Egypt were:
5Reuben, Israel's tirst-born. Descendants of
nnQwn K^b^b ^3jnrT nn3u;n
Reuben: [Of] Enoch,'nheclanoftheEnochites;
^jnynn nn3u;a p^n"?'' :^K'73n
of Pallu, the clan of the Palluites; H:)f Hezron,
nn3U7?p n^K " : "•nnsn nnsu;^ ••ni?'?
the clan of the Hezronites; of Carmi, the clan
of the Carmites. ^Those are the clans of the 7[\ub\LJ onnj^p vn"! 'mN~in
Reubenites. The persons enrolled came to
^
43.730. '7K"inJ 3K-''7K •'J3"! '>
: 3K"''7N Kl'73 ^J3T
8f-Born to-' Pallu: Eliab. "The sons of Eliab ^H^1p D~1''3K1 ]ni-Kin D~!"'3KT jniT
were Nemuel, and Dathan and Abiram. These iwk niyn -"Nnp
-^VT nu/b""?!; i2^n
are thesame Dathan and Abiram, chosen in the
assembly, who agitated against Moses and
01303 -nju pioD 3wrm .pioo vynK3 xpcD > i^
a Meaning of parts ofv\\ 3 and 4 uncertain. D'picon

b Or "Hanoch."
c-c Or "tiescendanti of."
.Ml
TORAH NUMBERS 26.26 pinhas
on^D ID -iniTon nmn
Aaron as part of Korah's band when they agi-

tated against the Lord, lowhereupon the earth
riK vjkn ^DKn rTji;r[ nijpn nip-nxi
opened its mouth and swallowed them up ^vith
:vib vn"] \um n^ni^m
Korah— when that band died, when the fire D-'ii/nrj
consumed the two hundred and fifty men— and

they became an example. nThe sons of Korah,
however, did not die.
^^Descendants of Simeon by their clans: Of

Nemuel, the clan of the Nemuelites; of Jamin,
hVk 14
: •''7iK\£7rT nn3i^?3 b^kwb n-i-Tn
the clan of the Jaminites; of Jachin,
the clan of
the Jachinites; i3of Zerah, the
clan of the
Zerahites; of Saul,'' the clan of the D :D^nK?p1
Saulites.
i4Those are the clans of the Simeonites;
[per-
sons enrolled:] 22,200.
iSDescendants of Gad by their dans:
Of
Zephon, the clan of the Zephonites; of nn3u;?3 tIik^ r
Haggi, : nvrr nnB\u)2 ny^
the dan of the Haggites; of Shuni, the dan of
the Shunites; iôf Ozni, the dan of
:^'7K-)Kn nn3\f;?p •'^k-ik'7 nnKH
the Oznites; DrTni;?a'7 irij-i nr\B\u)2 hVkis
of Eri, the clan of the Erites; i~of Arod,
the dan
D :niK?p \u72m r^bK D-iynnK
of the Arodites; of Ardi, the
dan ofthe Ardites.
iSThose are the dans of Gad's descendants;
per-
sons enrolled: 40,500. :]VJ3 y-iKn
i9'--Born to-' Judah: Er and Onan. Er and
Onan died in the land of Canaan.
20Descendants of Judah by their dans: -^n
Of vri^]2^ -Vyn nnB\un nijb
Shelah, the dan ofthe Shelanites; of Perez, the îTDn^ ^j'lYnrr nn3u;?3 pyn^ p3
clan ofthe Perezites; of Zerah, the
clan ofthe
n'nsif/^p nbi<22 -.^bîznri nnsu/n
Zerahites. -iDescendants of Perez:
of Hezron,
the clan ofthe Hezronites; of
Hamul, the dan
ofthe Hamulites. 22Those are the clans
of Judah;
persons enrolled: 76,500. vîn Drin3u;?p^ nau/tir-' 12:123
-^Descendants of Issachar by their clans: [Of] :^Ji3rT nnatz/n n)pb ^yînrr nr[B\u)2
Tola, the clan of the Tolaites; of
Puvah, the pWb ^nti/^rr nn3iz773 :iw^b24
dan of the Punites; 24of jashub, the dan of iTn3;f7?p n^x:3 ojnnt^/rr nn3u;?p
the Jashubites; of Shimron, the
dan of the
Shimronites. 25Those are the dans of
Issachar;
persons enrolled: 64,300.
D :niKn vfbp^
26Descendants of Zebulun by their clans: Of

Sered, the clan ofthe Seredites; of Elon,
the dan
d Or"Shaul.'
TORAH NUMBERS 26.26 pinhas onj-iQ 13 "IDlDii n-nn
of the Elonites; of Jahleel, the clan of the
Jahleelites. -"Those are the clans of the Zebu-

lunites; persons enrolled: 60,500.
D :nlK)p
-f^The sons of Joseph were Manasseh and
Ephraim —by their clans.
n-iDarT nn3u;p Tipip"? r[\ij:i)2 'jn29
-"^Descendants of Manasseh: Of Machir,
the clan of the Machirites. — Machir begot
nnEJwn ivb:ih iv^rriK Tîn T^Dni
Gilead. — Of Gilead, the clan of the Gileadites.
•''OThese were the descendants of Gilead: [Of] nnsu/n pbnb nty-'Kn nnau/n
lezer, the clan of the lezerites; of Helek, the '^K~!tîsrT nnau/jp bh^pk) 31 :
'i7'7nn
clan of the Helekites; -^'[of] Asriel, the clan of
the Asrielites; [of] Shechem, the clan of the
Shechemites; -''-[of] Shemida, the clan of the

Shemidaites; [of] Hepher, the clan of the
Hepherites. — 33Now Zelophehad son of He-
pher had no sons, only daughters. The names :ny"irn n^b'D n'Ân nyjT nbnr^
of Zelophehad's daughters were Mahlah, Noah, n^ju; nnnj^pi nm'n nnQu;n n'pK 34
Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. — -^-iThose are the D :nlKn ynu/T ^bi<. uwr^m
clans of Manasseh; persons enrolled: 52,700. n^rnu/ybnnsu/p'^'DnsK-'jn hVk 35
-''SThese are the descendants of Ephraim by

nnswp "iDn'7 •'n^nit^n nnQi^n
their clans: Of Shuthelah, the clan of the
nVKi36 -.i^nnri nn3\:;p jnn^ """l^^n
Shuthelahites; of Becher, the clan of the
:"'j"jvn nnsu/n f]vb n'prnu; ""n
Becherites; of Tahan, the clan of the Tahanites.
36These are the descendants of Shuthelah: Of

Eran, the clan of the Eranites. -^"Those are the nlK)3 u/ipni i:i'7K nwbm n-iju;
clans of Ephraim's descendants; persons en- D :Dn'n3u;?p'? 'qp'^"'"''^^ -^^^

rolled: 32,500. nn3\z;)p i;^3ybnn$U7)p'7^])3^jn 'J3 38
Those are the descendants of Joseph by their •''73U7KrT nnau/n bi\iji<.b î^b^Ti
clans.
nh^ti\ub 3^ : 'p-j-'nKn nrisi:/?: dthk^
38The descendants of Benjamin by their clans:
nn3u;D u^^r[b m^wri nn3u;n
Of Bela, the clan of the Belaites; of Ashbel, the
IpyjT ^-iK vb^r^n vn^^w :"'nQinrT
clan of the Ashbelites; of Ahiram, the clan of
the Ahiramites; ^ôf Shephupham, the clan of :'')pi73n nn3\^?p ITO^ ""lliSi^ bnBu/n
the Shuphamites; of Hupham, the clan of the
Huphamites. ''OThe sons of Bela were Ard and

Naaman: [Of Ard,] the clan of the Ardites; of uhwb Dnn3u;n'7 p'^n n'?Kt:
Naaman, the clan of the Naamanites. 4iThose
are the descendants of Benjamin by their clans;
persons enrolled: 45,600.

•-These are the descendants of Dan by their
clans: Of Shuham, the clan of the Shuhamites.
346
—
TORAH NUMBERS 26.60 pinhas omia ID "imnn n-nn
Those are the clans of Dan,« by their clans. 43A11
the clans of the Shuhamites; persons enrolled:
64,400.
D :n'iKn
^^Descendants of Asher by their clans: Of
Imnah, the clan of the Imnites; of Ishvi, the clan
of the Ishvites; of Beriah, the clan of the Beri-
ites. 450f the descendants of Beriah: Of Heber, -inn^ nynn ^^45 :-'i;-'-i3rT nnsu/p
the clan of the Heberites; of Malchiel, the clan nnQU7?3 bh:2b'i2b nnnn nnsi^p
of the Malchielites. — 46The name of Asher's :niU7 1U7K-nn 01^146 : ''7K''3^)3rT
daughter was Serah. — 47Xhese the of

are clans nnnpa'?
M "iu/k-'js nnsu;)^ n'^K 47
Asher's descendants; persons enrolled: 53,400.

qb'K
48Descendants of Naphtali by their clans: Of
D :niK)3
Jahzeel, the clan of the Jahzeelites; of Guni, the
clan of the Gunites; 49of Jezer, the clan of the
Jezerites; of Shillem, the clan of the Shillemites.

'.^mri nn3u;?3 ^mb ^J^Kyn^Ti nriQu/p
50Those are the clans of the Naphtalites, clan by nnsiz;^ nbpb ny^n nnsi^^ "i^!''?^'^
clan; persons enrolled: 45,400.

s'This is the enrollment of the Israelites:
601,730. :nlK)3 yn-iKi ^b^

52The Lord spoke to Moses, saying,
cj^K niK)3-\:7u; bk'W'' 'jin nip3 nbk 51
53"Among these shall the land be apportioned

3 •.w\ub\u^ niK)3 vnu; ^bp^
as shares, according to the listed names: s^with
larger groups increase the share, with smaller
nbkb 53 inN^: nw)3-'7X mn^ nniî 52
groups reduce the share. Each is to be assigned

:nl)pu; iQpjpn n'7m5 y-iKn p'rnri
its share according to its enrollment. 55The land, v^vi^n uvpî in^nj n^nri ni^34
moreover, is to be apportioned by lot; and the :lri^m ]r\'> vi\?^ •>pb u/^k in^nj
allotment shall be made according to the listings n'\)2\ijb ynxriTiK pbw '^nun-'^Kss
of their ancestral tribes. 56Each portion shall be
assigned by lot, whether for larger or smaller
groups."
57This is the enrollment of the Levites by their
nriQu/p ^!7i?'? '^Î^n rinaiû
clans: Of Gershon, the clan of the Gershonites;
of Kohath, the clan of the Kohathites; of Merari,

the clan of the Merarites. ssThese are the clans nn3U7?3 ^b^n nn3u;?p '>]b nhau/p
of Levi: The clan of the Libnites, the clan of the nnai^p ^^bni^ri nnsu/n V"i=inri
Hebronites, the clan of the Mahlites, the clan n5?in njipT nriQu/^p
TiiprT '>\i;mn
of the Mushites, the clan of the Korahites.
hnDV nn^pv nu/K 1 qu/t 59 ; nnpy-riK
Kohath begot Amram. 59The name of Amram's
nn^ypn 'i'?^ rrn'K rrfp^ nu;K i'pTi^
wife was Jochebed daughter of Levi, who was
born to Levi in Egypt; she bore to Amram Aaron
riK") nii/n-nKi priKTix wimb ibn)
and Moses and their sister Miriam. ^"Xo Aaron
e Meaning of parts ofvv. 42 and 43 uncertain.
347
TORAH NUMBERS 26.60 pinhas onpD 13 ~ID1)3:3 rrrin
were born Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and nipn^K-nKi iTV^K-riK NirrinK-nK")
Ithamar. ^' Nadab and Abihu died when they nnru/K nnnpnin Kin^nKT nnj nw^'î '^1
offered aUen tire before the Lord. — *^-Their en-

n\L;b\u nnnj7p vnî"^ :mn-' -"jd"?
rollment of 23,000 comprised all males from a
month up. They were not part of the regular en-
rollment of the Israelites, since no share was as-
a bk'i\iJ-> ""jn '"qinn npann kb 1
-"^
signed to them among the Israelites.

: bi<>'W'! "in "qinn nbm hrjb jnr k"?
^-^These are the persons enrolled by Moses nii/K ]ri3ri "try'^KT nu/b ""-fips n^pK^B
and Eleazar the priest who registered the Isra- bv nKin nn-ii73 bi<.')p-> ""jn-nK iip3
elites on the steppes of Moab, at the Jordan near \u'>k rrin-kb hV^mw :in-|-' ]iy
lericho. ^Âmong these there was not one of
np3 "IU7K ]Ti2'n nriKl nii;n """TipSTp
those enrolled by Moses and Aaron the priest
"l)pK"'3 63 :
ijip "151^3 bi<.'W'] ""Jil-nK
when they recorded the Israelites in the wilder-
inlJ-k'^T ~i,:ii?33 "Wi-ni nin nn^ nin-"
ness of Sinai, ^spor the Lord had said of them,
"They shall die in the wilderness." Not one of yu/in''! nk^-]^ n'73-nK •'3 w-'k Dn?p
them survived, except Caleb son of Jephunneh

and Joshua son of Nun.
97
^ / The daughters ot Zelophehad, of Ma-
nassite family —son of Hepher son of Gilead son nn^\LJi2b n\i7j)3-]3 'T'3jp-]3 Ty'?^"]^
of Machir son of Manasseh son of Joseph
T'n'jn ninu; nbk^ nP''"'"P ^^^^
came forward. The names of the daughters were
:nY"!rii na'ppT n'7:im nyj nbn-n
Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah.
nTy'7K ^jp"?! nu/n ^}^b nnnvn)^
-They stood before Moses, Eleazar the priest,
the chieftains, and the whole assembly, at the

nns niyn-b'Di aK^tz/^n •'jd'71 insn
entrance of the Tent of Meeting, and they said,
-'"Our father died in the wilderness. He was not DnyliirT niyn "îri? n^n-k'? Kim
one of the faction, Korah's faction, which n?p lKunn-'3 ni'j^-niyii mnT'7y
banded together against the Lord, but died for ipnK-nu7 ynr nia'? -1
: l"? vn-kb a^jni
his own sin; and he has left no sons. 'Let not
ij'^-mn ]5 )b pK "'s lnn3U7)3 "ilnn
our father's name be lost to his clan just because
:irn]< ^riK T|in3 nmK
he had no son! Give us a holding among our
^)^b *]u3u;)p-nK nyj'ri ::iip:'i-^
father's kinsmen!"
5Moses brought their case before the Lord.
Ând the Lord said to Moses, ""The plea of niJB j3 ' : ibK"? r]\u)2-bi<, mn-' ipk"*! ^
Zelophehad's daughters is just: you should give

them a hereditary holding among their father's -riK ninyrn nn^nK tik "în^ n^m
kinsmen; transfer their father's share to them.
: ]r]b jn''nK n^nj
Tim 1 V. s.
348
TORAH NUMBERS 27.21 pinhas onra td "llTQn n-nn
^''Further, speak to the Israelite people as fol- \i;'>K i)pK'7 "I2iri '7K"lt^^ •'Jn-'7K"18
lows: 'If a man dies without leaving a son, you

shall transfer his property to his daughter. Îf
he has no daughter, you shall assign his property

n-'riK 1^ rK-DKi 10 :T'nK^ in^nrriK
to his brothers, loif he has no brothers, you shall
DK1 11 :v:iK ini<.b in^nrriK annji
assign his property to his father's brothers. Îf
his father had no brothers, you shall assign his

in^nrriK nnnji VnK^ ^dtik ]"'k
property to his nearest relative in his own clan,
and he shall inherit it.' This shall be the law of

procedure for the Israelites, in accordance with
the Lord's command to Moses."
"in-'7K nj^y n^j'tz-b^ nin"" "Dpxî 12

i2The Lord said to Moses, "Ascend these
heights of Abarim and view the land that I have

given to the Israelite people, i^when you have
nnK nrr'K'i'i 13 : bK'W'' •'jn'7 'nnj
seen it, you too shall be gathered to your kin, c]pKJ i]^K3 nnK-D^ ^'jav'^^^ ^?P^^1
just as your brother Aaron was. i^For, in the wil- "'3 Dnnp °"1U/K3i4 :'^"'nK pHK
derness of Zin, when the community was con-
tentious, you disobeyed My command to up-
hold My sanctity in their sight by means of the

water." Those are the Waters of Meribath-
ij7aii6 n'nKb nin'^-^K nib'?3 inTV^
kadesh," in the wilderness of Zin.
-7^ u;"'K ^)Lj:rb'2b n'nnn ^ribK nSw
i5Moses spoke to the Lord, saying, i6"Let the
Lord, Source of the breath of all flesh, appoint
K21 "lU/KT n^ja'p KY;'-nu7K 17 :n"rvn
someone over the community '^^-who shall go i<b) DK"'n"' nu/KT K-'yi"' -i\^ki nn^jQ^
out before them and come in before them, and Dn^-]">K iWK ]K'2/3 nin^ niy n^nn
who shall take them out and bring them in,-'' \b-np_ r[ij')2-bK mrr' inKîis :nvn
so that the Lord's community may not be like
13 nn—IU7K ]u''K ]ir]3 vu/Ih^'tik
sheep that have no shepherd." iÂnd the Lord
iJiK rriTpi/miy -.vb:; T^V^^ ^^'PV"!
answered Moses, "Single out loshua son of Nun,
nivn-b^ 'js^l ]n3ri "itv^k ^j3^
an inspired man, and lay your hand upon him.
'9Have him stand before Eleazar the priest and
Ti-rlnw nnnji 20 : nrfry^ inx nrriivi
before the whole community, and commission : bi<,'W'' 113. riiy-'73 î;12p'! ]Vpb vbv
him in their sight. 20invest him with some of '\b bKp) ijby;' 'insn "itv'7k 'i3^"i2i
your authority, so that the whole Israelite com- my^ vB-bv mn^ in^b nmKn U3U7)33
munity may obey. -
' But he shall present himself
to Eleazar the priest, who shall on his behalf seek
the decision of the Urim before the Lord. By
such instruction they shall go out and by such
a See note at 20. 1 J.
b-b I.e., who shall lend them in all tjiattcrs and whom they shall
follow in all matters.
349
.KAH NUMBERS 27.21 imnhas onra T3 "imwii niin
instruction they shall come in, he and all the
Israelites, the whole community."

--Moses did as the Lord commanded him. nj?""! inK r\)n^, my "iii/kd nu;n u/y"! -
He took Joshua and had him stand before
Eleazar the priest and before the whole com-
munity. -''He laid his hands upon him and
commissioned him — as the Lord had spoken
through Moses.

-Command the Israelite people and say to them: "HK Dn'7K niJ?Ki bk'W'', 'J^-riK 1^2
Be punctilious in presenting to Me at stated
npu;n ^nn-'j nn ^î^b ^^^n'p -"jn-ii?
times "the otTerings of food due Me," as
:mi)3n "''7
nnpri'7
offerings by fire of pleasing odor to Me.
3Say to them: These are the offerings by fire
that you are to present to the Lord:

As a regular burnt offering every day, two uvb nîp Dp^Jpn nJifz-'jn nw:i3
yearHng lambs without blemish. "^You shall offer npvn nriK \:7nDn"nK4 •'i'>)2n nb'v
one lamb in the morning, and the other lamb

you shall offer at twilight. SAnd as a meal n^p n|)''Kn nn"'u;yi ? :n"'nivn
offering, there shall be a tenth of an ephah of
nv"'?"! n''ri3 ]'nvj'2. nb^b^ nn;in^
choice flour with a quarter of a hin of beaten
•'i'lp "inin hwvTj Tpn nVV^ :]"'rT'^
oil mixed in Hhe regular burnt offering in-
•.Tirn^b nti^K nrrij n^-\b
stituted at Mount Sinai'' —an offering by fire of
pleasing odor to the Lord.

\uip^ inKn u;n3^ ivn ny^n-i'lBpjT 7
7The libation with it shall be a quarter of a u/nDH nK^x -.riy-n^b ~idu; tjdj -^pn
hin for each lamb, to be poured in the sacred
precinct as an offering of fermented drink' to nrrij nn nwK nu;vn 13dj3t

the Lord. ^The other lamb you shall offer at twi- Q : rryn^b
light, preparing the same meal offering and li-
bation as in the morning — an offering by fire
of pleasing odor to the Lord.

"Ôn the sabbath day: two yearling lambs
nnu7 n'pyi'* :l3pJT ]W^ r[b^b:^
without blemish, together with two-tenths of a D :n3DJT "TiDnn nVy-bv innu/n
measure'' of choice flour with oil mixed in as
a meal offering, and with the proper libation

'"a burnt offering for every sabbath, in addition
to the regular burnt offering and its libation.
a-a Lil. "My offering. My food."

b Exod. 29.i8-^l.
( I.e.. wine.
d I.e., o/u«cphah.
350
—
TORAH NUMBERS 28.25 pinhas Dnrs nD "111)3:1 n-nn
"On your new moons you shall present a mn^b r[h'v innpn D3"'U7-rn ^'i^Kin^ n
burnt offering to the Lord: two bulls of the herd, Dû;n3 TiiK b'>K'] b^ju; "^RT"*,^^ d""^?
one ram, and seven yearling lambs, without nvjbpi^'- :aJ3"')3n nynu; nji^-ijii
blemish. iÂs meal offering for each bull:
ipb ]n\Fn nb^b:i nnjn nVtp n^ntz/y
three-tenths of a measure of choice flour with
nb^b:l nnjp nVp "'hu/y '>im nnxn
oil mixed in. As meal offering for each ram:
two-tenths of a measure of choice flour with oil
mixed in. iÂs meal offering for each lamb: a inKPT u/^s"? ]T2^2. ^[b^b3. ^nnm n'p'D
tenth of a measure of fine flour with oil mixed Dn-'Bpj") 14 :nin^'7 nwx nrfj nn h^y
in. Such shall be the burnt offering of pleasing l-Tin nu7"'Û7T iBb njn"' °prfn ""vn
odor, an offering by fire to the Lord. i-^Their
libations shall be: half a hin of wine for a bull,

n^yt^Ti? :nj\i7rT ""iîn^ lîni ~u;nn
a third of a hin for a ram, and a quarter of a
n^'7y-'7V nyn^b nKun'7 ihk d^-tv
hin for a lamb. That shall be the monthly burnt
offering for each new moon of the year. iÂnd

D :l3p:i nu;^:' Tpnn
there shall be one goat as a sin offering to the ni^ lu/y nyîKi ]i\i;Knri u;innT 16
Lord, to be offered in addition to the regular nu/y nii^pnni 1: -.nrn-'b nps vjinb
burnt offering and its libation. nli^n nmi nynu; in nT.n \u'inb nî
i6In the first month, on the fourteenth day -^73 U/lp-K-lpn ]iU7K-!n ni"? is : b'2K}
of the month, there shall be a passover sacrifice Dnnnpmi'^ -^pV.^ ^b niny n3K'7p
to the Lord, I'and on the fifteenth day of that
D^û; "ipn-'J3 nnQ np^b nb'v r[\;;K
month a festival. Unleavened bread shall be
n2\u ^n n^t^np nv:lp^ inx b-'K)
eaten for seven days. i^The first day shall be a
sacred occasion: you shall not work at your oc-
cupations. I'^You shall present an offering by ''W^ "15^ t:"'ht^j; r[\ub\u ]y2\u'2 r[b^b'2.
fire, a burnt offering, to the Lord: two bulls of ]^^^\LJV ]1-i\i7V2i :Wvn b->i<.b D-iJiii/y
the herd, one ram, and seven yearling lambs :D"'U7n3rT nynu;'? "rnxn tz;33^ nibv.n
•^-see that they are-'' without blemish. -OThe meal :n3^î; i33'7 iHK jiKun T'yt;;i22
offering with them shall be of choice flour with
oil mixed in: prepare three-tenths of a measure
bi'''? lu/yn hVks^^ :nVx-nK wvn
for a bull, two-tenths for a ram; -ând for each
of the seven lambs prepare one-tenth of a meas-

n'n^rnn hwk Dn'7 wr^'^ nynti;
ure. 22And there shall be one goat for a sin :13DJT niyy^ TTDJin nîy-'7y mn"''?
offering, to make expiation in your behalf
23You shall present these in addition to the

morning portion of the regular burnt offering.
24You shall offer the like daily for seven days as
food, an offering by fire of pleasing odor to the

Lord; they shall be offered, with their libations,
in addition to the regular burnt offering. ^SAnd
e-e lif. "t/iey shall be to you.
351
TORAH NUMBERS 28.25 pinhas onj-'D n3 "UnDU n-nn
the seventh day shall be a sacred occasion for
you: you shall not work at your occupations. D -.wv.n k"? niny nDK'7)3-'73
-Ôn the day of the first fruits, your Feast of
Weeks, when you bring an offering of new grain
Wlp-K-jpp DDinynif/n r[)'r['>b n\z;~in
to the Lord, you shall observe a sacred occasion:
Kb npy n3K'7n-'73 dd^ n^ri"'
you shall not work at your occupations. 27You
Wn"";! nn"? n'piy annnprrvT -.wvn
shall present a burnt offering of pleasing odor
to the Lord: two bulls of the herd, one ram, nriK b->K n^2\u ip,:?""'Jii "'"is ^P^b
seven yearling lambs. -^The meal offering with nrinj)pT^« :mu; ^n Dû/nD nynw
them shall be of choice flour with oil mixed "nu/y T^\ubvJ ]r2\LJ2 ^[b^b:l n'7D
in, three-tenths of a measure for a bull, two- bî<,b Dijht^v ^^2UJ "inKH ^^Bb
tenths for a ram, -"ând one-tenth for each of
nriNn wns"? pnti^v pîti^V-"^ :"'P^'7
the seven lambs. -^"And there shall be one goat
"iriK "'•TV •^^viuM' :n"'U7n3n nynu;"?
for expiation in your behalf. -'"
You shall present
— i^rinri n'pv nn^nî -.wj-^bv iq?^
them ^-see that they are-« without blemish
with their libations, in addition to the regular
burnt offering and its meal offering. D :nrT^3pj"i
29 In the seventh month, on the first day Mj'inb inK3 'V"'n\i^n iz/inni W^
of the month, you shall observe a sacred occa-
sion: you shall not work at your occupations. : Db' n^rr^ nynn ni"" wvn i<b niny
You shall observe it as "a day when the horn
-13 niH""^ Wn"';i ^.î^ r]bv unîuvy-
is sounded. -" -You shall present a burnt offering
of pleasing odor to the Lord: one bull of the
herd, one ram, and seven yearling lambs, with-
nb'^'7n nVo nnmm ^ :D)p'')p]n nvi^vj
out blemish. -"^The meal offering with them D^Jiu/y 1JU7 '^Bb n^Jiu/y r\\ub\ij ]n\i7n
choice flour with oil mixed in — shall be: iriKH \u:i3b inK piti/yv b-'i<'b
three-tenths of a measure for a bull, two-tenths
for a ram, -iand one-tenth for each of the seven
lambs. 5And there shall be one goat for a sin

nnnjpT "T'pnn ^\bv^ nnmpT winn
offering, to make expiation in your behalf — în
n\i7K nn"'j nn'? nuQ\z;n3 nn^DOJT
addition to the burnt offering of the new moon
D : nrn^b
with its meal offering and the regular burnt
offering with its meal offering, each with its li-
bation as prescribed, offerings by fire of pleasing DD^nu/QrriK Dn^JVl ^"^b n^n^, \uip
odor to the Lord. nbij Dnnnpm « : wvn i<b nî^bn-b^

"On the tenth day of the same seventh month
you shall observe a sacred occasion when you
shall practice self-denial. You shall do no work.
a-ii Or 11 liuv 1)/ (fs/in'fy.
352
TORAH NUMBERS 29.22 pinhas onj-'D UD "imJDii n-nn
8You shall present to the Lord a burnt offering

of pleasing odor: one buU of the herd, one ram, )p-')3n nynu; nj\i;-^j:a nw:i3 nnx
seven yearling lambs; see that they are^ without
])Gti7n ^[b^b2. n'pb Dnnj?3i y : n^^ vr\'>
blemish. 9The meal offering with them —of
choice flour with oil mixed in — shall be:
ifiKn tz/ns"? ]l^ti7V ~]™v'o :inKrT
three-tenths of a measure for a buU, two-tenths
ifiK D^-TV""i^Vtîi :D"'t^n3ri nvnu/^
for the one ram, lOone-tenth for each of the
seven lambs. Ând there shall be one goat for n^yi ansan riKun nn'pn riKun
a sin offering, in addition to the sin offering of
expiation and the regular burnt offering with
its meal offering, each with its libation. n3K'7p-'73 D^b? n^r\^ li/ip-xnpp
i20n the fifteenth day of the seventh month,
mn"''? An amni wvn i<b npy
you shall observe a sacred occasion: you shall
not work at your occupations. — Seven days you nns hm nn
Lord. —
T^xubp "ipn-^jn nin^"?
shall observe a festival of the i-^You
shall present a burnt offering, an offering by fire m\^-'j3 u^p:i2 D-iju; n'p^K nti/y
of pleasing odor to the Lord: Thirteen bulls of

the herd, two rams, fourteen yearling lambs; '^Bb n^hpiJ nifb]:; ])a\i7n n'î'?^ nb'rp
they shall be without blemish. i-^The meal offer-

ings with them —of choice flour with oil mixed
*]ht£7Vl 15 : ubî<ri îpb inKn '7"'k^
in — shall be: three-tenths of a measure for each
"lu/y nyn-iK^ "fp^C^ ^^^^ li"iti/v
of the thirteen bulls, two-tenths for each of the
riKun ipK ni-TV"n"'Vî '^ :i=i"'ti7n3
two rams, iSand one-tenth for each of the four-
teen lambs. iÂnd there shall be one goat for a

D :n3pJinnmjpT')pnnnyynn'p)3
sin offering — in addition to the regular burnt -\\uv wip iip3-'J3 nn3 ""jii/n nlpi 17
offering, its meal offering and libation. nynnK nJu;"^J3 nw^3 u^w ub^K
1
''Second day: Twelve bulls of the herd, two Dn-'3p3i nnmjpTis :D)p-'?pn -lipy
rams, fourteen yearling lambs, without blem-
ish; isthe meal offerings and libations for the
riKun nriK 'Tvn^vt;^^ i^ :U3U7?33
bulls, rams, and lambs, in the quantities pre-
scribed; iând one goat for a sin offering — in
D :Dn"'3pJ"!
addition to the regular burnt offering, its meal
offering and libations.
iiLJV"'Pi\u)j 0^3 ^p^b\i;ri al^niô
20Third day: Eleven buUs, two rams, fourteen nynnx mu;"^J3 D^t^33 wip ubî<,
yearling lambs, without blemish; 2ithe meal DTODJi nnnjmî :D?3^>3n nu/y
offerings and libations for the bulls, rams, D"]3p?p3 D"'U;n3î ubî^b nns^"
and lambs, in the quantities prescribed; 22and
h3Vp nnx riKun -i"'i;tz;T22 :U3u/?33
one goat for a sin offering — in addition to the
D :n3pJi nnmpT Tnrin nVy
regular burnt offering, its meal offering and
libation. nK-in2 ^ hv im v. 15.
b See note at 28.19.
353
TORAH NUMBERS 29.23 pinhas Dn:-'D U3 1:11)3:1 n-nn
--^Fourth day: Ten bulls, two rams, fourteen d'7"'k niwv nnQ "'vnin 01^2123
\carling lambs, without blemish; --^the meal itpv nyniK njifz-'jn "'wna wm
ortcrings and libations for the bulls, rams, and nn^y n"'303T nnmn--) :n?3"')3n
lambs, in the quantities prescribed; 25and one
:U3U;?33 DlBpm D^WnD'?-) ub^Kb
goat for a sin offering — in addition to the reg-
nVy in^D riKun ihk D"'-TV"T'Vt?'^
ular burnt offering, its meal offering and li-
bation.
D :n3pj'! nnmn T^nn
26pifth day: Nine bulls, two rams, fourteen a5?"'K nvpn nns û;"')pnn 01^3^26
I
y yearling lambs, without blemish; -^the meal iti/y nvniK nju;-'jn nû/ns d^ju;
offerings and libations for the bulls, rams, and DnB^ nn-'DDJI DnmJDT^' :DD^Dn
lambs, in the quantities prescribed; 28and one :U3U7?33 Qisppn D''u;n3'7T nbî<b
goat for a sin offering — in addition to the reg-
nVy 13^)3 ipK nxun i"'i7\i;i28
ular burnt offering, meal offering and
its li-
D :n3pJi nnmm i^njin
Ibation.
^ju; nb'^K nj'nii/ nnsi ^w\ijri Di^ni ^^
29Sixth day: Eight bulls, two rams, fourteen
yearling lambs, without blemish; ôthe meal
:np''nn lu/y nvniK njip-^n Dû/na
offerings and libations for the bulls, rams, and

lambs, in the quantities prescribed; -"^'and one i^ywv'i :U3u;)33ai3pp3 DÛ/nD^pT
goat for a sin offering — in addition to the reg- nnnjn Tnnrr nj7'v i^^n iriK riKun
ular burnt offering, its meal offering and liba-
Q tn-'DpJi
tions.
ub-iK nyniz; ans 'V"'3\i7n ni^'ni?:
-'-Seventh day: Seven bulls, two rams, four-
itf/y nyniK nju;""'^^ "'ii^ns w^vj
teen yearling lambs, without blemish; -''-Hhe
meal offerings and libations for the bulls, rams,

Dns'p" *Dn3pJi DnmpT33 :an''nn
and lambs, in the quantities prescribed; -'-ând

rDyawjpB ni3p)pn D-'U/na'pT nb'>i<b
one goat for a sin offering — in addition to the nb'v in^?3 iriK riKun i-'i;u;T34
regular burnt offering, its meal offering and li- D :n3p3"! nnm?p tojih
bation. -^3 D3^ n^jin niyy 'J'-nii/n bl'-n '?
the eighth day you shall hold a solemn
-"^sOn
nnnipm ^6 wvn : i<b niny nsK"???
gathering;^ you shall not work at your occupa-
ipK 13 r^)r[^b riw)nn hwk n^y
tions. ^^You shall present a burnt offering, an
offering by fire of pleasing odor to the Lord;
ny3\^ njur-in nw23 ihk bî<
one bull, one ram, seven yearling lambs, with-
biiib 13^ nn^spj") anrnp-^' :D)p^pri
out blemish; ^'the meal offerings and libations liyt:;T3s ni3Dn3 n''t:733^T
:U3U;733
for the bull, the ram, and the lambs, in the quan- nnnjm I'lDnn n^y in^n ihk nxun
tities prescribed; '"ând one goat for a sin ; n3DJ")
offering — in addition to the regular burnt
in"? D3"'iVi^^ rnn''^ wvn n^N-^^
offering, its meal offering and libation.
n3"'n'7V^ Di-iJiniJi n3"'ii3)3
''Âll these you shall offer to the Lord at the
stated times, in addition to your votive and free- 1 -ion V. .u.
c See note at t<rv. 23.i6.
354
" —
TORAH NUMBERS 30.12 mattot mun b nmJDn n-nn
will offerings, be they burnt offerings, meal
O /^ offerings, libations, or offerings of weU-
*J\J
just as the
being. iSo Moses spoke
Lord had commanded Moses.
to the Israelites
b
MATTOT mu)3
2Moses spoke to the heads of the Israelite
tribes, saying: This is what the Lord has com- : nin;' niy -iu/k nn^n ni iJpK"? '^k-ju;"'
manded:
3If a man makes a vow to the Lord or takes
an oath imposing an obligation" on himself, he
:ntî;i vB-n Ky'^n-'^DB iini
shall not break his pledge; he must carry out all
that has ^-crossed his lips.-^

iDK nnpKT r^rn^b tij i^ri""'3 nii7K"!4
4If a woman makes a vow to the Lord or as-

sumes an obligation while still in her father's
household by reason of her youth, 5and her -b2) rTnir'73 m]?"] n-'^K nb u/nnm
father learns of her vow or her self-imposed :mi7T 7i]u^ybv nnpK-~iU7K idk
obligation and offers no objection, all her
'iy?p\i/ nvn nn'K ri^:ii<, Kîn-DKie
vows shall stand and every self-imposed obli-
-bv nnpK-"iu;K nn.pKT rin-rr'73
gation shall stand. ^But if her father restrains
K"'jri-'3 n^-n^pT ninî mp^ ibv nniJT îj^kb n^nn vn-DK"] ^
restrained her.
''If she should marry while her vow or the :ib u/nnm lynu; 1"'3 rwp^K ypu/is
commitment'' to which she bound herself is still
-bv n-ipK-"iu;K nnoxT nnij mp^
in force, ând her husband learns of it and offers
nu;''K v)2p Dl'in Kf9 :m\î ptu/dj
no objection on the day he finds out, her vows
rf^y ~iu;k nnirriK nrjrii nnlK K'^p^
shall stand and her self-imposed obligations
shall stand. 9But if her husband restrains her on -bv nnpK nu/K n^nsu; xyn?p nxi
the day that he learns of it, he thereby annuls n2)2bi<. "iiJ.i 10 :n'7-n^pi nyni} nu;D3
her vow which was in force or the commitment' U'\pi n]u^ybv n"]pK-"iu;K ^73 nu/nî
to which she bound herself; and the Lord will "Ik n'r\2 rruz-'K n^3-DKi n -.ri^bv
forgive her. — i^xhe vow of a widow or of a di- vnW) 12 : ny3u;3 ri^^rbv -idk nnpx
vorced woman, however, whatever she has im-
posed on herself, shall be binding upon her.
11 So, too, if, while in her husband's household,
she makes a vow or imposes an obligation on
herself bv oath, i2and her husband learns of it.
a Or "a prohibition.
b-b Lit. "come out of his mouth.
c Lit. "utterance of her lips."
355
TORAH NUMBERS 30.12 mattot mun b miDIl HTin
yet offers no objection — thus failing to restrain
her — all her vows shall stand and all her I Dn'K "1QT '"iDn-DK") '' :mp? i^^^^
self-imposed obligations shall stand. -'But ' if her
husband does annul them on the day he finds

mpT vh TWî
nu/'iK idk'î nnij'?
out, then nothing that has crossed her lips shall
-^DT "iir'73 i-i :n^-n'7pT mn''"! D"iDn
stand, whether vows or self-imposed obliga-
tions. Her husband has annulled them, and the
Lord will forgive her. '"Êvery vow and every
sworn obligation of self-denial may be upheld

by her husband or annulled by her husband. ' "Îf rT"''7V -lU/K nnpK-'73-nK Ik nn-rj
her husband offers no objection from that day
to the next, he has upheld all the vows or ob-
Ku;Ji \vmj nriK nnK is^ -iDn-DKi 1^
ligations she has assumed: he has upheld them

: njiy-riK
by offering no objection on the day he found
nibn"nK nin^ m.v "i\^>< D"'i?nn n'pK i"
out. '^But if he annuls them after [the day] he
finds out, he shall bear her guilt.
'"Those are the laws that the Lord enjoined

upon Moses between a man and his wife, and
as between a father and his daughter while in
her father's household bv reason of her vouth.
31 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, n'DK^ rw'yyhv. rv\rv, -151^1 i> <
-"Avenge the Israelite people on the Midianites;
then you shall be gathered to your kin."
-'Moses spoke to the people, saying, "Let men
be picked out from among you for a campaign,
and let them fall upon Midian to wreak the
nu)3'7 q^x-i :i"j~|^n mn^-nnpj nn^
Lord's vengeance on Midian. -^You shall dis-
patch on the campaign a thousand from every in'7u;n "^kiw;' nlun b:ib nu)3^ ^v.
one of the tribes of Israel."
5So a thousand from each tribe were fur- hud"? r|'7K hkw'', "'S'^KJp "nDJa"!?
nished from the divisions of Israel, twelve thou- n'7u;''Tf' :Knv ''^bn q'pN -iwy-D^Ju;
sand picked for the campaign. ^Moses dis-
nwn
n'K K3^b nu)?"? iq^K nriN
patched them on the campaign, a thousand
from each tribe, with Phinehas son of Eleazar
serving as a priest on the campaign, equipped
-.rv;! nynnn ni-iyyni wiprr
with the sacred utensils" and the trumpets for

"HK Twrv my "i\^k3 inn-'?!/ wnyv
sounding the blasts. "They took the field against
Midian, as the Lord had commanded Moses,
u Perhnpi the Vnm; cf. 27.21.
356
TORAH NUMBERS 31.21 mattot mun Kb "inm n-nn
and slew every male. Âlong with their other vic-

tims, they slew the kings of Midian: Evi, Rekem, nu7)3n ynn-JiKT hin-riKi n^y-nxi
Zur, Hur, and Reba, the five kings of Midian.
inn nlV5"]n ny^3 nxi ]p.ri ^p"?)?
They also put Balaam son of Beor to the sword.
9The Israelites took the women and children

-riK") pin ""U/rriK '7K"iU7"'-"'p inu;"") 9
of the Midianites captive, and seized as booty
all their beasts, all their herds, and all their
nmp)p-'73-nK'i n?pn:n-'73 nxT dsu
wealth. lOAnd they destroyed by fire all the brini7-'73 riKTio nnn n'7''n-'73-nKi
towns in which they were settled, and their en- : U7K3 1Q1tf7 Dn'T'p-'73 DKT DmU/Inn
campments. iiThey gathered all the spoil and -73 riKT '7^\i7rT-'73-nK inp^Tii
all the booty, man and beast, i
ând they brought -'7K mn^Ti' :n)pri33T D1K3 mi7^)3n
the captives, the booty, and the spoil to Moses,
-'J3 niy-'^K'! ]ri:i'r[ '^\vbK-bi<,^ nu/n
Eleazar the priest, and the whole Israelite com-
-riKT nii7'7)3n-nK'i 'nii^n-riK bk'W';
munity, at the camp in the steppes of Moab, at
3Kl)3 n3ii7-'7K njn)3n-'7K ^^^"n
the Jordan near Jericho.
i^Moses, Eleazar the priest, and all the chief-
tains of the community came out to meet them ^K^ti7r^3i ijisn ity^xT nu/b ikyi^t 13
outside the camp. i^Moses became angry with :njn)3'7 yin)p-'7K DJiKnp'p niyn
the commanders of the army, the officers of nu7 "^^nn nips "7^ nu;n q^p^v*
thousands and the officers of hundreds, who X32^n D"'K3n nlKnn nti/T b^'S^Kri
had come back from the military campaign.
npn uri^bK iMK""!!? :n)pn'7)3ri
iSMoses said to them, "You have spared every
female! i^Yet they are the very ones who, at the
\nb vn mn ]rri6 :nnpr'73 nn^nn
bidding of Balaam, induced'' the Israelites to
mn^3 hvp-^vpb ny^n -ini3 ^bK'W'!
trespass against the Lord in the matter of Peor,
so that the Lord's community was struck by the -^731 qu3 "i3r'73 unn nnvv^ .r[y['>
plague. i-'Now, therefore, slay every male :inn -i3T 33U7)3^ \uî<. nvy r[iiK
among the children, and slay also every woman 33\ir)p
^VT'^"^ ""^^ n^\un qun^'731
18
who has known a man carnally; i*^but spare

:n3^ vnri -i3t
every young woman who has not had carnal re-
lations with a man.
i9"You shall then stay outside the camp seven
^7^113 yp I
73") u;3J riji ^b'3 wpi
days; every one among you or among your cap-
tives who has slain a person or touched a corpse -^'73-'731 1^3-'7312o : 3-'3\:7T UPiK
shall cleanse himself on the third and seventh yi;-''73-'73i a-'TV npVT2-b2^ nly
days. 20Y0U shall also cleanse every cloth, every
article of skin, everything made of goats' hair,

K3yri ^mK-bi<s ^]n3n "itv'pk nnx''"! 21
and every object of wood."

nnlnn ni^n nxt r[)2nb)2b D^Ksn
2iEleazar the priest said to the troops who had
taken part in the fighting, "This is the ritual law
b Meaning of Heh. hayu...lini.sor uncertain.
357
TORAH NUMBERS 31.21 mattot mun k"? "im)31 n-nn
that the Lord has enjoined upon Moses: 22Gold -riK "^K^: :nu;"n-nK nin^ mynu/K
and silver, copper, iron, tin, and lead — ^âny ar- -riK hu/n^n-riK qpsn-nKT nn-Tn
ticle that can withstand fire — these you shall
-b^ 23 : nnaVn-nKT '^•isrTnN bi-):ir[
pass through fire and they shall be clean, except
that they must be cleansed with water of lus-
K'n^-kb -IU7K b'D) J<unnT n"ij •'pn i^k
tration; and an)^hing that cannot withstand fire
D^n^n Dripnpi 24 : Di^n TT'ni/n u/xn
you must pass through water. -Ôn the seventh
day you shall wash your clothes and be clean,
and after that you may enter the camp." D :njn)3n-'7K

--'•The Lord said to Moses: 2(>"You and Eleazar
the priest and the family heads of the commu- nnnnni "jkb "'liiwn nip'pn u/ki jik
nity take an inventory of the booty that was cap-
: n-jvn ninK "'pK'v ]n3n itv'pki nnx
tured, man and beast, -ând divide the booty
iU7Q'n ]''n nip'7'3n-nK n"'irm27
equally between the combatants who engaged
-73 ]•'2^ KnY^ D^KY'ri njpn'^^sn
in the campaign and the rest of the community.
-8You shall exact a levy for the Lord: in the case
nk)2 mn-'b' ddw nn-invs :n-Ti;n
of the warriors who engaged in the campaign,

one item in five hundred, of persons, oxen,
asses, and sheep, 29shall be taken from their : ]KVn-])pT nnnriri-])?^ -ipnn
half-share and given to Eleazar the priest as a
-iTi7'7K'7 nnnji inpn Dniyn)2?p29
contribution to the Lord; Ôand from the
half-share of the other Israelites you shall with-
hold one in every fifty human beings as well as

cattle, asses, and sheep — all the animals — and -])2'\ Dn'nnn-]?p -ipnrrip D"iKrT-]D
give them to the Levites, who attend to the du- D^l^^ bn'K nnnji rrnnnn-'ân ]K':^n
ties of the Lord's Tabernacle." I'nyn'' ]3u;)p n~ipu7)p npu;

3 1 Moses and Eleazar the priest did as the Lord
commanded Moses. ^^Xhe amount of booty, nri"'. nlp'7?3n "^n'lv^: :nu;bTiN nin""
other than the spoil that the troops had plun-
niKn-wu; ]ky Knyn ny itt3 "im nri
dered, came to 675,000 sheep, -^^2,000 head of
: D-'Qb'K-niynni qb'K n^ynu/i q'pK
cattle, -''*6i,ooo asses, -''Sand a total of 32,000 hu-
man beings, namely, the women who had not
had carnal relations.
-]n DIK U;3JT33 :C^'7K ''WU/l IRK
36Thus, the half-share of those who had en- -73 n3T 33U7JP 'ii'1?">^'p "1^^ D^\:7|n
gaged in the campaign [was as follows]: The :C]'7K a''U7''7U/T D^JIZ; \:73J
number of sheep was 337,500, -"'''and the Lord's KnY3 a^KY^n p'pn nyn)3n -"nnT 3*^
levy from the sheep was 675; -^>*the cattle came
:niK)p \:^)3n"i "'S^k nv3WT q'pK
UJMJ ]KYn-]n niH'"'? D3)3rT "'rTî37
nvJMJ -ip3m3« :D''y3u;T wnn nlxn
358
—
TORAH NUMBERS 31.54 mattot mun Kb ^^'2.~[)2'2 n-nn
to 36,000, from which the Lord's levy was 72; n^j\^ nin"''? npppi ^b^ n'>\IJb\^^
39the asses came to 30,500, from which the

Lord's levy was 61. 40And the number of human :U'>\u\u) nriK mn^^ doddt nlK)3
beings was 16,000, from which the Lord's levy
bDD?pT q^K '^\uv n\^p nix U7aJi4o
was 32. 4iMoses gave the contributions levied
nu/n ]^l''^ 41 : u;3j u''\ub\u^ uîp nin-'^
for the Lord to Eleazar the priest, as the Lord
had commanded Moses.
]n3ri "iTy^K"? nin^ npnn b^n-nx
42As for the half-share of the other Israelites,
which Moses withdrew from the men who had r[^j')2 nyn h\z;K b^'ipi, in n^Ynjapi 42
taken the field, 43that half-share of the com- riYnn inn^ji :D"'KnYn Dû/JKn-ip
munity consisted of 337,500 sheep, 4436,000 q^K n'\i<ri-\ub\LJ iKYrT-])p nnyn
head of cattle, 4530,500 asses, 46and 16,000 hu-
ujpni D'lp^K nynu7 ^bk wvjbp^
man beings. 47From this half-share of the Isra-
:^bK uûjbm nwp ni7nT44 :nlK)3
elites, Moses withheld one in every fifty humans
:niK)3 U7pni iqb'K nwb\ij nn?3m45
and animals; and he gave them to the Levites,
who attended to the duties of the Lord's Tab- ni?''"!47 :q^K -lu/y r[\^p dik u;qji46
ernacle, as the Lord had commanded Moses. THKn-riK '7K"iu;^-'j3 nyniap nu/b
48The commanders of the troop divisions, the -]m Dnxn-ip D-'ii/prirT-])? ipK
officers of thousands and the officers of hun- npu; nî'7'7 DJiK ]n''^ r[r2T]:iri
dreds, approached Moses. 49They said to Moses,
"Your servants have made a check of the war-

riors in our charge, and not one of us is missing.
50So we have brought as an offering to the Lord
:niK)3ri nti/") "'Q^Kri nt/ Knyn
such articles of gold as each of us came upon:
armlets, bracelets, signet rings, earrings, and -riK ^kp^ "Vl^^- ^P'^^'^^ n)3K^T49
pendants,"^ that expiation may be made for our -kb) iJTn nu/K nnn^jfiri \U7JK u;k""i
persons before the Lord." siMoses and Eleazar ]n"li7-nK nnp3T50 :U;ik ^mp nj^QJ
the priest accepted the gold from them, all
nnvYK brTT-''73 KYip "i\z7K V^K nin^
kinds of wrought articles. 52A11 the gold that
-bv "15?^ TJpiDT biJ!.V nVÛ T'Tpyi
was offered by the officers of thousands and
nu7b nip'Tsi :mn"' i)^b irn'u/Qj
the officers of hundreds as a contribution to
the Lord came to — 5-^But in the

ib^ b'2 nnxp nn-Tn-riK ]n3ri nTy^Ki
16,750 shekels.
ranks, everyone kept his booty for himself.

nu;K nbnnn nnT-'73 1
-"nî 52 ; ntyi^n
54So Moses and Eleazar the priest accepted the -ynu; ri'7K nt^y niiû; mn"''? ^)3nn
gold from the officers of thousands and the

officers of hundreds and brought it to the Tent iTTii KiYH V;i^^" :rilK)3ri nu7 riKm
of Meeting, as a reminder in behalf of the Is-
nu/'u n'p \uik
]ri3ri "ijy^Ki nip''i54
raelites before the Lord.
nlKTani "'S^kh ntf/ nxp nn-Tn-riK
c See note at Exod. 35.22.

->):ib ]1-i3T TVln '^riK-b'K iriK iKnî
Q :mn'' 'Jq'7 bK'^\u1
359
TORAH NUMBERS 32.1 mattot mun :ib 1'21)22. mm
32 The Reubenites and the Gadites owned

cattle in very great numbers. Noting that the
lands of Jazer and Gilead were a region suitable Dipn aipjpn mm ivb). y-iK-riKT -itv;'
for cattle, ^the Gadites and the Reubenites came
to Moses, Eleazar the priest, and the chieftains
'K"'U7r'7J<T ]n3ri -iTi;'7K-'7Ki nu;b-'7K
of the communit)', and said, "^"Ataroth, Dibon,
Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, iTv;!l p"'m riiiuv3 -.-iriKb niyn
and Beon — 'the land that the Lord has con-
quered for the community of Israel is cattle niv ''J3'7 nin-' nsn nu/K y^kri •«
:
fym
country, and your servants have catde. sit would T]-'inv'?T Kin njpD y-iK '^'Kniy
be a favor to us," they continued, "if this land
were given to your servants as a holding; do not
'^'i^y'p nwn y-iKn-riK jn^ Tirv?
move us across the Jordan."
^Moses replied to the Gadites and the

Reubenites, "Are your brothers to go to war
while you stay here? "Why will you turn the
minds of the Israelites from crossing into the
land that the Lord has given them? ^'That is wnb ]nrnu7K ynxn-'^K Wnyn biîiu''
what your fathers did when I sent them from uriK ^nbw^. D3"'n'nK wv na » nyn'> :
Kadesh-barnea to sur\'ey the land. Âfter going

ynn
"^^V.iy
'^
: n^n-nK niK"!^ ^liFP
up to the wadi Eshcol and surveying the land,
^K-ipi y-iKn-riK iki"! "^lijWN "^nriy
they turned the minds of the Israelites from in-
-b'K kn-'ri'pn'? "^kiw^ ^n n'^-riK
vading the land that the Lord had given them.
n!^'"in;'l 10 :mnT an"? jnriu/K yiNn
'^Thereupon the Lord was incensed and He
swore, "'None of the men from twent)' years "DK 11 nbK'7 v:2m MriTi nv^ mn"'
up who came out of Egj'pt shall see the land
that I promised on oath to Abraham, Isaac, and

Jacob, for they did not remain loyal to Me
I
-none except Caleb son of Jephunneh the
"mQ"'-]3 :\b2 'ri'731- :"'"inN 1N'7)p-k'7
Kenizzite and Joshua son of Nun, for they re-
nriK mb}2 ""D pr]3 y\z;in-'"i "•npn
mained loyal to the Lord.' '-^The Lord was in-
censed at Israel, and for forty years He made

byj"""! '7K-iw:'2i mn^ cik—in;''! '' :ninT
them wander in the wilderness, until the whole "ii'in-'73 bn-iy mu; D"'y3-iK nniran
generation that had provoked the Lord's dis- nnnp mm i^ imn*" "j-'vn yin n\u'vr[
pleasure was gone. ''And now you, a breed of D^Kun Dû/JK mn-iri DD^nnK nnn
sinful men, have replaced your fathers, to add -'7K mn-i-rix ]l-in "^y my nisD"?
still further to the Lord's wrath against Israel.
Tiy ripî inriKp piu;n ^2 1^ i'^k-iu;"'
'5If you turn away from Him and He abandons
Dyn-'73^ DJ^nu;-) ini??? in-'^n'?
them once more in the wilderness, you will
bring calamity upon all this people."
360
TORAH NUMBERS 32.29 mattot mun :ib ~i:n)3n min
i^Then they stepped up to him and said, "We

will build here sheepfolds for our flocks and
towns for our children. iÂnd we will hasten"
as shock-troops in the van of the Israelites until
we have established them in their home, while

i<b 18 : y-iKH ""nu/'i -"jsn ~iyn)3n nvs
our children stay in the fortified towns because
bk'W-; 'J3 'b'njrin iv iJ-'nn-'^K mu;j
of the inhabitants of the land. i^We will not re-
turn to our homes until every one of the Isra- nnyn djik ':7mj k^ i^ 19 nn^m u/^k
elites is in possession of his portion. i^But we

will not have a share with them in the territory
beyond the lordan, for we have received our -riK jiu/yrrQK nu^b bn"''7K "idk"! 20
share on the east side of the Jordan."

mn"' \i^b ly'^nn-DK nTn nn-in
20Moses said to them, "If you do this, if you
-riK v^^n"'73 U2b niy"i2i :npn'7)3b
go to battle as shock-troops, at the instance of
vn^K-riK lu^nln iv nin'^ iz^b i^niiri
the Lord, 2iand every shock-fighter among you
crosses the Jordan, at the instance of the Lord, mn;' 'JQ^ ynkn nu73pji22 -.v^^r:
until He has dispossessed His enemies before nin;')3 D"pj nn^n") inu/n "ipK")
Him, 22and the land has been subdued, at the n^b riK'-Tri y^kri nn:'nf '7K-jU7''pi
instance of the Lord, and then you return — you

shall be clear before the Lord and before Israel;
n^riKun iy-|T nyrr^b ariKun *mrT ]3
and this land shall be your holding under the
bny n3^-m24 :n3riK xypri nu/K
Lord. 23But if you do not do so, you will have
D3''3)3 Kî^'-ri'] D3Kjy'7 hniAT aDsyV
sinned against the Lord; and know that your
sin will overtake you. 24Build towns for your
children and sheepfolds for your flocks, but do r[\u'i2-bK jniK"! ^jni hr-'jn *-i3pKî25
what you have promised." : niyj? ''pK nu7K3 îuv;: "Vl^^-.

""P^'?
25The Gadites and the Reubenites answered -vrT^, unprin-'^Di ijjpp iru/j ijh3U26
Moses, "Your servants will do as my lord com- -^73 nnv"! ^'"ini/i 27 : ivb^ri nyn up
mands. 260ur children, our wives, our flocks,
nu7K3 npn^j?'? mn;' ^)^b k3Y Y^bn
and all our other livestock will stay behind'' in
nn'i '>pK
the towns of Gilead; 27while your servants, aU
riKT ]n3n njy^K riK n\z;b bn^ lyî 28
those recruited for war, cross over, at the in-
stance of the Lord, to engage in battle — as my niu?3rT niiK 'jiyK'i-nK'i prp yuîn;"
lord orders." DH^K n\z;')3 -i)3K='"!29 :'7K"!U;"' ^nb

28Then Moses gave instructions concerning
them to Eleazar the priest, Joshua son of Nun, 'js'? hnn'7?3'7 Vi'7n"'73 Ti.n:'n-nK
and the family heads of the Israelite tribes.
nnjT d^^jq'? yiKH nu733J'i mn^
29Moses said to them, "If every shock-fighter
among the Gadites and the Reubenites crosses
"njnv ]-'Vvm in-ino v, 23.
a Meaning of Heb. hushim uncertain. nm ]wb ]->mm in^no v. 25.

b Lit. "there."
361
TORAH NUMBERS 32.29 mattot mun ^b mm:! n-nn
the Jordan with you to do battle, at the instance iiriKJi DpriK "'yi'^n nnv,^ k"?
of the Lord, and the land is subdued before you,
you shall give them the land of Gilead as a hold-
ing. •'*'^But if they do not cross over with you
:nu7VJ ]3 '^mi;-'7K mn"' "i;it "i\i;K
as shock-troops, they shall receive holdings
among you in the land of Canaan."
-^'The Gadites and the Reubenites said in re-
ply, "Whatever the Lord has spoken concern-

ing your servants, that we will do. ^^We our-
selves will cross over as shock-troops, at the in- -riK n^l^'p rim)2 1 unu; 1 ^yr]h^
stance of the Lord, into the land of Canaan; and
we shall keep our hereditary holding across the
ri'^n^n rrn.v^ Yl^'? W"^^ ^r''? ^""^
Jordan. "<^
-jiK ir"-::? ij;i''i34 iîno yiKn ny
^^So Moses assigned to them — to the Gadites,
the Reubenites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh

-riKT^? nvnv nx") nnui^-riKi p-'i
son of Joseph — the kingdom of Sihon king of TIKI ^^ '•
'Ûi^^l'^ "iJ.VI'TiKi ]^w n'-ipv
the Amorites and the kingdom of King Og of

Bashan, the land with its various cities and "DK ^n piKi ""jm-^" :]k:/ ri"i-fAi
the territories of their surrounding towns.

Gadites rebuilt Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer,
-"^-^The
up nnpip iiv)p '7v;ii"nKi inrnKi38
-^5Atroth-shophan, Jazer, Jogbehah, -''^Beth-
nl>3i:7Tij;< rinu/n iKip^''! nnnuz-riNT
nimrah, and Beth-haran as fortified towns or
as enclosures for flocks. 37The Reubenites re-
built Heshbon, Elealeh, Kiriathaim, -^^Nebo,
Baal-meon — some names being changed—and "riK nwn ]^\''^Jo :nn"~i\z;N nnKn
Sibmah; they gave [their own] names to towns .712. :l^j1^ n\i7j)p-]n "i"'3)p'7 nyÂn
that they rebuilt.'' -'^The descendants of Machir -riK "r"3 '?='! ]'?n n\i7JD-]3 "cn^t-h
son of Manasseh went to Gilead and captured nljT -t: n^K;" nin inriK K-jp""] nn-'nin
it, dispossessing the Amorites who were there;
K^p"! rr-inn-riKi nJp-riK -ts"?"! ^'pn
"•Oso Moses gave Gilead to Machir son of Ma-
nasseh, and he settled there. ^'Jair son of Ma-
nasseh went and captured ''their villages,''
which he renamed Ha\'\'oth-jair./'»-And Nobah
went and captured Kenath and its dependen-
cies, renaming it Nobah after himself.
QQ MASE'EI
^ %J These were the marches of the Israelites A^

who started out from the land of Egv^t, troop
c I.e., in Transjordan. nynK- I'vum in'so r <J
d Cf. n: 41.42.
e-e Or "the villages of Ham"; cf. Gen. 14.5.
f I.e., 'the tillages of lair."
36:
—
TORAH NUMBERS 33.18 maseei •>vvn ^b 1'21)2'2 rt-nn
by troop, in the charge of Moses and Aaron.

2Moses recorded the starting points of their nn^VPP n^K") mn^ ^^-bv n^yp'?^
various marches as directed by the Lord. Their
marches, by starting points, were as follows:
3They set out from Rameses in the first
month, on the fifteenth day of the first month.

It was on the morrow of the passover offering
that the Israelites started out defiantly," in plain nnY)pT4 :anyn-'73 ^pvb nn-j
view of all the Egyptians. -iThe Eg)'ptians mean- nn mn^ nan n\^K hk nn^pp
while were burying those among them whom : "'UQu; mn^ n\uv rTTl'7KnT nlD3-'73
the Lord had struck down, every first-born
whereby the Lord executed judgment on their

nu7K ariKn ijn='i n'3p?p ^vv''^ 6 : n'3p2i
gods.
nu;î DJiKp lypî" nnnjsn nypn
5The Israelites set out from Rameses and en-
]iQy bv"^ ^^^~bv i]î5 nn^nn •'Ej-^'V
camped at Succoth. 6They set out from Succoth
n"i"'nn *^2B)2 lyp^Ts :b'im î^b ^:\m
and encamped at Etham, which is on the edge
of the wilderness. ^They set out from Etham

and turned about toward Pi-hahiroth, which : nnnn lan;') nriK "innnn wrî nu;'Û7
faces Baal-zephon, and they encamped before '7-'Kni° nn^-'K ixnî nnrap iyp'"i9
Migdol. SThey set out from Pene^'-hahiroth and
passed through the sea into the wilderness; and
-bv îwy nbîiT2 wp^vo :D\^njn:''!
they made a three-days' journey in the wilder-
ninnn ijn;') rj^p-D^n lyp'T n : 'qip-D;'
ness of Etham and encamped at Marah. ^They
i^
:ni7Q"t3 ijn;;) i^p-ini???? ^vv^'i :pp
set out from Marah and came to Elim. There
were twelve springs in Elim and sevent)' palm lyp^TH :mbK2. ijn;') n\?j?'i,'n ivp^Ti3
trees, so they encamped there. lOThey set out
from Elim and encamped by the Sea of Reeds. '^

ijn;'} DTQ-in lyp^JTis :niriu;'7 ny^
iiThey set out from the Sea of Reeds and en- ijnp. ""rp 151)3)3 lyp'i 16 i^pD "i:nTJ33
camped in the wilderness of Sin. i-They set out
nnnpn lypîi- :mKnn nnnpn
from the wilderness of Sin and encamped at
n'"iyn)3 ^vd't is :nhynn i^n^T niKnn
Dophkah. i^They set out from Dophkah and
encamped at Alush. i^They set out from Alush
and encamped at Rephidim; it was there that

the people had no water to drink. i-^They set out
from Rephidim and encamped in the wilder-
ness of Sinai. i^They set out from the wilderness
of Sinai and encamped at Kibroth-hattaavah.

1
''They set out from Kibroth-hattaavah and en-
camped at Hazeroth. I'^They set out from
a See note at Exod. 14.8. iQU" ]iyu)3i jTr'no

b Many Hebrew manuscripts and ancient versions read "Pi.'
c See note at Exod. 10.19.
363
TORAH NUMBERS 33.18 maseei •'Von j"? imnn n-nn
Hazeroth and encamped at Rithmah. i*^They set

out from Rithmah and encamped at Rimmon-
perez. -"They set out from Rimmon-perez and rHDnn ijn='} r^nb-n lyp^v :njn'7n
encamped at Libnah. -'They set out from
lyp'"! ^3 : nn^npn ijn;'} np-in woî ^^
Libnah and encamped at Rissah. --They set out
from Rissah and encamped at Kehelath. -^They
set out from Kehelath and encamped at Mount

ivp'ivs :ni"in:a ijm) -i3u;-irT)?
Shepher. 24They set out from Mount Shepher iyp=''!26 :ri^ripm ijn;'). ninnn
and encamped at Haradah. 25They set out from nnnp ivp""!" ^^nnii ^jnî ribrtpy^-n
Haradah and encamped at Makheloth. 26They
set out from Makheloth and encamped at
^2m ni7n?3J3 ivd''129 :ni7n)3:i
Tahath. -'"They set out from Tahath and en-
camped at Terah. -^They set out from Terah and
"jnii ijn"} ni"ip?3?p ivp^v^ miipbii
encamped at Mithkah. ^'^They set out from
inn ijn::} ]\pv'] ^nr] lyp""!-^^
^lii^^.
Mithkah and encamped at Hashmonah. 30They
set out from Hashmonah and encamped at
^jnî nnjin injp î;p''i33 np^ri
Moseroth. "They set out from Moseroth and ijn;'} nnnu^p ^VP""!^" :nnnu^:Q
encamped at Bene-jaakan. ^^They set out from I^XV? ^^n:'i nJinyp "wv") 35 ; ninnvî
Bene-jaakan and encamped at Hor-haggidgad.
^^They set out from Hor-haggidgad and en-
inn bnuT u^n.i?)? ivp""! ^^ •
ÎP. ^V IV
camped at Jotbath. ^-^They set out from Jotbath
and encamped at Abronah. -^-^They set out from
^p~bv nrrn irT"'7K insn pnK''7v:'i3«
Abronah and encamped at Ezion-geber. -""^They
set out from Ezion-geber and encamped in the

riKy'? n^vn-jKn nju/n uuj nip'iT mn^
wilderness of Zin, that is, Kadesh. -^''They set out \:;-inn any^p yiKQ '7K-iu;T-'n
from Kadesh and encamped at Mount Hor, on

the edge of the land of Edom. in:n ln>33 nju; riKpi D"'^t?^V") ^'r^^
-'**Aaron the priest ascended Mount Hor at the
command of the Lord and died there, in the
fortieth year after the Israelites had left the land

of Egypt, on the first day of the fifth month.
^Âaron was a hundred and twenty-three years
:mb^yn ijn;') irrn inn lyp^vi
old when he died on Mount Hor. "'And the Ca-
ii;pi"i43 :piDn ^^w^ nir2b:^r2 wp''i42
naanitc, king of Arad, who dwelt in the Negeb,

in the land of Canaan, learned of the coming
of the Israelites.''
"They set out from Mount Hor and en-

camped at Zalmonah. '-They set out frt)m
Zaimonah and encamped at Punon. '*They set
(/ Set- J 1. 1-
364
TORAH NUMBERS 34.2 mase'ei "Von •^b 'HIl'DDn n-nn
out from Punon and encamped at Oboth.

44They set out from Oboth and encamped at ivp^"i45 :nKlJ3 h^'2-n nnnyn -'iv'i
lye-abarim, in the territory of Moab. 45They set
jn-'-ip ^VX2'>^^^ :n| innî ^:\w^ n^v'?
out from lyim and encamped at Dibon-gad.
ii7p''i47 :n)pin^nT iribv:! ijn") na
46They set out from Dibon-gad and encamped
at Almon-diblathaim. '^''They set out from
Almon-diblathaim and encamped in the hills
of Abarim, before Nebo. 48Xhey set out from ^)W^^'^ -Any, ^rv by nxDa nnnvn
the hills of Abarim and encamped in the steppes b-iK '^y rihMJ^n r^np n,l='ri-'7V
of Moab, at the Jordan near Jericho; 49they en- D ::iKi)3 n'n-iyn D^pii^n
camped by the Jordan from Beth-jeshimoth as
far as Abel-shittim, in the steppes of Moab.
'jn-'7K nn^si :-ibK'7 irn.'' n.ir^V

50In the steppes of Moab, at the Jordan near
Jericho, the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
nnnV ariK ""b Dn'7K nnwKi '7K"it^^
siSpeak to the Israelite people and say to them: Dnu/nlm 52 ci^js VIK'^^k j^-i^n-riK
When you cross the Jordan into the land of Ca-

naan, 52you shall dispossess all the inhabitants
of the land; you shall destroy all their figured'^ :n"'pU7ri Dn')3ii-'73 nxi niKri
objects; you shall destroy all their molten im- a n|-Dnnu7''T y-iKn-nx arii^nlm 53
ages, and you shall demolish all their cult places.

53And you shall take possession of the land and
b^\xi y-iKH-JiK Dn^njnm 54
settle in it, for I have assigned the land to you
to possess. 54You shall apportion the land
in^nrriK ^nnn :rh DD^ri'nQu;^'?
among yourselves by lot, clan by clan: with ky:'-"iu;k°'7k in^nrriK u^ynn uypî
larger groups increase the share, with smaller D3''rinK rmr^b n^n'' 1^ by^m nmj \b
groups reduce the share. Wherever the lot falls 'nu;'''-nK i\:;nln K'7-aKi55 :i'7njriri
for anyone, that shall be his. You shall have your Dri)p ^'VT\'\T\ nu/K nir\'\ b^-'jQu Yl.^'7
portions according to your ancestral tribes.
55But if you do not dispossess the inhabitants
: nn n"'n\z;'"' dthk ~iu;k pKn-b^v Q^rii;<
of the land, those whom you allow to remain
nrb nwvb ""n^pT nu/K3 n^nT56
shall be stings in your eyes and thorns in your
sides, and they shall harass you in the land in
3 -.wzh nu/VK
which you live; s^so that I will do to you what
I planned to do to them.
34 The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 2In- -h

struct the Israelite people and say to them: -^3 nri'7K n-!?3Ki ''^K"!!:/^ ""J^-riK 1^2
When you enter the land of Canaan, this is the
yiKH nkT ]yj3 y"iKn-'7K d''kii nriK
e See note at Lev. 26. 1.
365
TORAH NUMBERS 34.2 maseei •yDn ^b "im)3n n-nn
land that shall fall to you as your portion, the 1VJ3 V")Jf< n^nJ3 03^ '7Qn "iu;k
land of Canaan with its various boundaries:

-Wour southern sector shall extend from the
wilderness of Zin alongside Edom. Your south-
-D^ n2<pp 'x>^ b^1^ dd"? nim dIik
ern boundary shall start on the east from the
tip of the Dead Sea. *»Your boundary shall then
Akrabbim
VTX) n-'m njy "invi b-inii?!; rhvy^b
turn to pass south of the ascent of
and continue to Zin, and its limits shall be south -lyn KYî vj~i? ^"^xt? ^?^.P T'n'Nyin
of Kadesh-barnea, reaching Hazar-addar and ^nan npJT5 :nl7pyy -invT tik

continuing to Azmon. -^From Azmon the
boundary shall turn toward the Wadi of Egypt : njp'jn

and terminate at the Sea."
b^'^y^ '7i"Tan D='n n;b T[^7\^ n) b^-2y\ 6
^For the western boundary you shall have the
:nT "7^31 w^b n"'.rT'-nT
coast of the Great Sea;« that shall serve as your
western boundary.
pQy "7^31 w^b n^.n-'-nn
yianb^rT-]?p 7
^This shall be your northern boundary: Draw iKnn inn nnp « :"inn in dd"? ixnn
a line from the Great Sea to Mount Hor; f'from :n']"iy '^nAH hKYin vr\^ nan i<ib
Mount Hor draw a line to Lebo-hamath,'' and "lyn vnKyin nnQT ^"^nan k^^t v
vr[^
let the boundary reach Zedad. ^The boundary ]i3y "înA DD^ n^.n-'-nT \pv
:
shall then run to Ziphron and terminate at

nynip naip. h^'l\b dd^ nni^Krim 10
Hazar-enan. That shall be your northern
nQ\i7)p '^njn 'rv^ 1
1 : njpQu; ]ri;
boundary.
nn)pT "7^31:1 '^^v^ yvb aiipp n'7n-!n
'OFor your eastern boundarv' you shall draw
^în^n •^^v^ '^ injpnp. nnp-D^ ^0?'"^^
a line from Hazar-enan to Shepham. ''From
Shepham the boundary shall descend to Riblah
on the east side of Ain; from there the boundary in'inD n"'ri'73A^ Yl^"^ '^?^ n^nnnkr
shall continue downward and abut on the east-
ern slopes of the Sea of Chinnereth.'^^ '2Xhe nK'T iTpK"? '7Knu7^ 'J?"nK nii/n ly*''] 13
boundary shall then descend along the Jordan

hu7K '7niAn nn'K I'^njnn -wk y"tKn
and terminate at the Dead Sea.
That shall be your land as defined by its

ym nlu?3n ny\:;n'7 nn'p mn^ my
^"•niKin -"jn nun irip^ 's n :nu?3n
boundaries on all sides.
n^n^ '"l^'^""'^
"^^^"^ °0^^ ^""^^
'^Moses instructed the Israelites, saying: This : Dn'^nj ^nvb r^^yn nun ^ym Dnnx
is the land you are to receive by lot as your
hereditary portion, which the Lord has com-
manded to be given to the nine and a half tribes.
'
4For the Reubenite tribe by its ancestral houses,
the Gadite tribe bv its ancestral houses, and the
a /.c, fhf Mediterranean Sea.

b See note at li.21.
I.e.. the Sea lor Lake) of Galilee.
366
TORAH NUMBERS 35.4 mase'ei •>vvn r[b ~im)3n n-nn
half-tribe of Manasseh have already received

their portions: i^those two and a half tribes have 3 : nmm nnip, in-i.^ ji-i^^ nny'?
received their portions across the Jordan, op-
n'pKi7 :i>pK^ nu7'J3"'7K nin^ n^TP^
posite Jericho, on the east, the orient side.
i^The Lord spoke to Moses, saying: i^Jhese
:]ir]3 yu/in-'i jnsn Stv^k ynxn
are the names of the men through whom the
land shall be apportioned for you: Eleazar the ini7ri nu)a?p nnx kw: inx K^t^ji is
priest and Joshua son of Nun. 'Ând you shall nM2\u n^K")i9 :y-iKri-nK b'mb
also take a chieftain from each tribe through
whom the land shall be apportioned. i^These
are the names of the men: from the tribe of
Judah: Caleb son of Jephunneh. ôprom the

Simeonite tribe: Samuel'^ son of Ammihud.
2iFrom the tribe of Benjamin: Elidad son of
Chislon. 22Prom the Danite tribe: a chieftain,
Bukki son of JogH. 23For the descendants of Jo-
seph: from the Manassite tribe: a chieftain,
Hanniel son of Ephod; 24and from the Ephra-

imite tribe: a chieftain, Kemuel son of Shiphtan.
25From the Zebulunite tribe: a chieftain,
Elizaphan son of Parnach. êprom the Issachar-

ite tribe: a chieftain, Paltiel son of Azzan. 27From
the Asherite tribe: a chieftain, Ahihud son of
Shelomi. ssprom the Naphtalite tribe: a chief-
3 :]VJ3 V"!K3 '7K"lt^T
tain, Pedahel son of Ammihud.

29It was these whom the Lord designated to
allot portions to the Israelites in the land of

Canaan.
35 The Lord spoke to Moses in the steppes

of Moab at the Jordan near Jericho, saying: 2In- 'n-JiK'îy 2 -.^riKb IfiT ]'i"!:'"'7i7 nKl)3
struct the Israelite people to assign, out of the
nn-THK n'^n^p Dî'7'7 lanji '7K"jti7T
holdings apportioned to them, towns for the Le-
Dn"'rin''np bny^ i^"iA)pT rinu/^ nny
vites to dwell in; you shall also assign to the
Levites pasture land around their towns. -The

towns shall be theirs to dwell in, and the pasture nu73-i'7i bn)pnn^ ^^n^ dh-'u/iatpi
shall be for the cattle they own and all their other
beasts. ^The town pasture that you are to assign iq^K nyin") h-'vn nîp^p n'>)bb ijnn
to the Levites shall extend a thousand cubits
(i Or "Shemuel."
367
TORAH NUMBERS 35.4 maseei •'Von nb miDIl n-nn
outside the town wall all around. ?You shall -riK T"];^ yinn Dmni? in^no uipK
measure off two thousand cubits outside the -nKQ-riK") n)3K3 D''3'7k nDfp-riKQ
town on the east side, two thousand on the
south side, two thousand on the west side, and
D"'Q'7K ]iQY HKQ JIKT n?3Kn W^bK
two thousand on the north side, with the town
in the center. That shall be the pasture for their

û;"iA)3 urib n^ri-> nr TO? 'T'i'C^l ^W^
towns.
^The towns that you assign to the Levites shall riK D''i'7'7 ijnn ~iu;k nnvn riKT^
comprise the six cities of refuge that you are to

designate for a manslayer to flee to, to which
you shall add forty-two towns. ^Thus the total
of the towns that you assign to the Levites shall

nKT ]nriK n^y npwi Q^'Vîk
be forty-eight towns, with their pasture. **In as-
signing towns from the holdings of the Israel-

nKJ3i iniri hin hk)? '7K-!t:7"'-^J3
ites, take more from the larger groups and less
from the smaller, so that each assigns towns to
the Levites in proportion to the share it receives.
^The Lord spoke further to Moses: '«Speak hnT'o :inKV n\u)2-bK mn-" "i^ti^
to the Israelite people and say to them: When la u'ribi<. nnipKi hk'W'' 'J3"'7k
you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan,
:]V,J3 ^"^li^ I'in'in-nK nnnv ariK
"you shall provide yourselves with places to
vbp72 ny nny b^^ nrmpmn
serve you as cities of refuge to which a manslayer
who may U7Drn3n nY-i n)3U7 dji wjb nr-;nn

has killed a person unintentionally
flee. '
-The cities shall serve you as a refuge from U'7pa'7 Dnyn U2b TiPTl'^ :mAU73
the avenger," so that the manslayer may not die "jQ^ niPVTV ny-in nin^ kVt bi<m
unless he has stood trial before the assembly. :U3u;)3^ nivn
'•^The towns that you thus assign shall be six
cities of refuge in '''Three cities shall be des-

all.
unn nnyn \ub\u i
riK n : D3^ nr^nn
ignated beyond the Jordan, and the other three
shall be designated in the land of Canaan: they

shall serve as cities of refuge. '''These six cities
•'jn'7 13 :m-'2nn u'ppp ny ]yj3 yix-i
shall serve the Israelites and the resident aliens

nr^nn nijinn hi^ln'pi nAî '^K-itz;-'
among them for refuge, so that anyone who kills n?3u; DiJ^ u'7p)2'7 n'7Kn nnyn-ww
a person unintentionally may flee there.
"'Anyone, however, who strikes another with ny-i naî inan i bn:i ^'73n-DNi i"
an iron object so that death results is a murderer;

\ px3 DKT 1' :ny"in riDT' nm Kin
the murderer must be put to death. "If he struck
'
Kin ny-i nwi man nn mn-'-iu/K

him with a stone tool'' that could cause death.
a tif. "redeemer," i.e., next of kin; cf. note at Lev. 25.25.

b Lit. "of the hand.
368
—
TORAH NUMBERS 35.30 maseei ivvn n"? "linnn nmn
and death resulted, he is a murderer; the mur-

derer must be put to death, i^similarly, if the Kin nyh nbî insn is m)3^~i\^K
object with which he struck him was a wooden Kin n^n b'K'jii? :nyiri n^T' nin
tool^ that could cause death, and death resulted,
niinpT Kin ln-iy;Q:i nynn-riK rr'p^
he is a murderer; the murderer must be put to
death, i^jhe blood-avenger himself shall put
the murderer to death; it is he who shall put him

to death upon encounter. 20S0, too, if he pushed bi<^ Kin nyn n3)3ri npT'-nDp nnî
him in hate or hurled something at him on pur- :in-1i;3i3n nY-in-riK n^pi wiri
pose and death resulted, -'or if he struck him -1K lD-in nn''K-k'72i yn|!n-DK')22
with his hand in enmity and death resulted, the 1K23 :nny K^n ''?3''^3 vbv T'û/n
assailant shall be put to death; he is a murderer.
niK-i x^n nil m)3i-nu7K l^K-te
The blood-avenger shall put the murderer to
Kb) )b n^lK-k"? kini n')3î vbv b^"])
death upon encounter.
n3J3n ps niyn lUDU/i 24 nnvn u/j^np
22But if he pushed him without malice
aforethought or hurled any object at him un- .TibKn ny^mri bv win bi<^ pni
intentionally, 23or inadvertently dropped up- bK^ I'lp nynn-riK nivn ^b-'^ri) 25
on him any deadly object of stone, and death lu^pp T'y"'7K niyn in'K iniu/mb'iri
resulted — though he was not an enemy of his
and did not seek his harm ~'^m such cases
.vji^n ])pu;n in'K nu;n—iu;k b%r\
the assembly shall decide between the slayer and
-i-iy ''7inrnK nynn ky'' ky^-DKi 26
the blood-avenger. -SThe assembly shall protect
in'K Ky)pi27 :n)3U7 Dir "iu/k lub'pjp
the manslayer from the blood-avenger, and the
yinn win bi<^
nY")! Iyî7?3 T'i; "711^^
assembly shall restore him to the city of refuge
to which he fled, and there he shall remain until

'3 28:t:^ 1^ pK ny'"in-nK "win bx'ii
the death of the high priest who was anointed '7nAn ]n:in nm-iv nu;;' lu^p)p n^vn
with the sacred oil. 26But if the manslayer ever riY'-in hwi '7n^rT ]n3n hm nnxi
goes outside the limits of the city of refuge to :lri-TnK y"!^""^^

which he has fled, 27and the blood-avenger
u|ju;?3 nj^n"? dd^ nbK T^nvy
comes upon him outside the limits of his city
of refuge, and the blood-avenger kills the man-

slayer, there is no bloodguilt on his account.
-nK HY-i"' wiv ^pb U7Qrn3)p-'73 30
28For he must remain inside his city of refuge

miu"? U7Qn my-k"? thk lyi ny-in
until the death of the high priest; after the death
of the high priest, the manslayer may return to
his land holding.
29Such shall be your law of procedure

throughout the ages in all your settlements.
30If anyone kills a person, the manslayer may
be executed only on the evidence of witnesses;
I/f. "without seeing."
369
louAH NUMBERS 35.30 maseei yDa r^b 12.1)2'2. min
the testimony of a single witness against a per-
son shall not suffice for a sentence of death.

^'Vou may not accept a ransom for the Hfe of
nnu;^ hwb iu'7p>3 Tiy'^^K v^2b -iq'd
a murderer who is guilty of a capital crime; he
must be put to death. ^-Nor may you accept ran-

Kin D^n '>2 ni nnx "iu;k y~iKn-nK
som in lieu of flight to a city of refuge, enabling
bi"? "i33:'"k'p VlKî ynKH-riK tri-ijriT
one to return to live on his land before the death
of the priest. 33You shall not pollute the land Kb) 34 : ppiz; ni^ nK-'3 nii-qsu; '^\ui<.
in which you live; for blood pollutes the land, nil n-'û/'' briK "iu/k yiKriTiK K)aun
and the land can have no expiation for blood
that is shed on it, except by the blood of him 3 -.bKip-' ^n "qlnn
who shed it. -^-^You shall not defile the land in
which you live, in which I Myself abide, for I
the Lord abide among the Israelite people.
36 The family heads in the clan of the de- nn3\:7p'7 ninKn 'U/k-j oip^} I y
scendants of Gilead son of Machir son of Ma- nn^pT3t2 nu;jn-]3 "i"'3)p-]3 iy'7A-'j3
nasseh, one of the Josephite clans, came forward
'Jq'pi nu/n 'jq'? Tn?!""} n^''"'
""^^
and appealed to Moses and the chieftains, fam-
:'7K~!t7'' '>nb ninK 'u/k-j D'-Kt:/;!:!
ily heads" of the Israelites. 'They said, "The
-riK nn^ n^n'^, niy -"nK-riK nnK'î 2
Lord commanded my lord to assign the land
to the Israelites as shares by lot, and my lord

^nKT bK'ip^ ^nb '7nu3 n'^nn v~|Kn
was further commanded by the Lord to assign
the share of our kinsman Zelophehad to his ^V2p ^nr: ipik'? vn-]-' :T'n'n'7 irriK
daughters. ^Now, if they marry persons from ]n^nj ny-!:\Ji "wipp '7i<-jti;"'-"'jn
another Israelite tribe, their share will be cut off n'^m bv

nu)3ri cipui ^2^>r\'2i<. n'7ma
from our ancestral portion and be added to the
: vnr ijn^nj b^m^ wnb r[}^->r\r\ -i\^k
portion of the tribe into which they marry; thus
nQpijV'^Knu;"' 'jn'? "'7n'''n n-'n^'-nKT-i
our allotted portion will be diminished. Mnd
even when the Israelites observe the jubilee,
nr^nn ')\uk nv-nn n'?nj bv ]nbr]2
their share will be added to that of the tribe into vnr ^J"'n3K nua n'pn^pT U7}b
which they marry, and their share will be cut •.]r\bn:i
off from the ancestral portion of our tribe." mn^ '3"'7V bk'W'', ""n-riK nu/b ivi 5
^So Moses, at the Lord's bidding, instructed

the Israelites, saying: "The plea of the josephite
tribe is just. ^This is what the Lord has com-
Dû/j"? nr"'nn QrT'j"'i73 nlu^ "i>3k'7
manded concerning the daughters of Zelophe-
m-i'TFri DrT'iK nup nnsu/a'? -\k
had: They may marry anyone they wish, pro-
vided they marry into a clan of their father's
bkiiu^ •'jn'? nbm ^vn-i<b^ - -.
d-'U/j'?
(J I.e., tribul heads.
370
TORAH NUMBERS 36.13 maseei lyon ^b nm?3n n-nn
tribe. ^No inheritance of the IsraeHtes may pass

over from one tribe to another, but the Israehtes
must remain bound each to the ancestral por-
-fiiK^ "'bK']\u'> ->::! hlu?3?3 n^nj niyi''
tion of his tribe. SEvery daughter among the Is-
r[]î<.b njrin ti^'^k nujp nnsii/jap
raehte tribes who inherits a share must marn'
someone from a clan of her father's tribe, in or-
nbm \iJ^K hk'îui in wy^, ]^'ab
der that every Israelite may keep his ancestral

nu)3^ nu)37p nbm ntpn-k'719 :TinnK
share. ^Thus no inheritance shall pass over from
one tribe to another, but the Israelite tribes shall
remain bound each to its portion."
lOThe daughters of Zelophehad did as the
Lord had commanded Moses: uMahlah,

Tirzah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Noah, Zelophe-
had's daughters, were married to sons of their
uncles, i2marrying into clans of descendants of -bv ]n^nj ""nn"! n^pib vri iqp'i"'"P
Manasseh son of loseph; and so their share re- iirfnK nn3if7)p nu??
mained in the tribe of their father's clan.
i^These are the commandments and regula- nn^vn b^'W'' 'Jn-'7K nii/b-niin mn^
tions that the Lord enjoined upon the Israelites,
*:ln-i.T ]^^T b^ nKin
through Moses, on the steppes of Moab, at the
Jordan near Jericho.
0^71^ Kmn b^b nb'>nn ub\u:l^ nn
17.20 vym 1,288 iDon bw a^'piDsn mao v. i3.
371
—
^^151
DEUTERONOMY
1DEVARIM n:n
These are the words that Moses addressed
Sr
to all Israel on the other side of the Jordan.
"Through the wilderness, in the Arabah near ]'2b) b^r\-y'2'^ inKS-p^ rjio bm
Suph, between Paran and Tophel, Laban,
nnnp uv ^^\uv nnx 2 : nnr nT nnyni
Hazeroth, and Di-zahab, 2it is eleven days from
''rT'^13 :vn3 \ijip^ IV n^yu;--in q-iT
Horeb to Kadesh-barnea by the Mount Seir
route. — 3it was in the fortieth year, on the first
day of the eleventh month, that Moses ad- bk-w"! 'J5"'7K nu/b "iiT vjinb "iriKn
dressed the Israelites in accordance with the in- nnK 4 : nn'^K iriK mn;' niy iu;k Vd?"
structions that the Lord had given him for
them, Rafter he had defeated Sihon king of the

Amorites, who dwelt in Heshbon, and King Og
y"!K:;i ]i-]']r[ nnyn 5 :
^viT^? nnnu/y?
ofBashan, who dwelt at Ashtaroth [and^] Edrei.
50n the other side of the Jordan, in the land
riDK"? riK-Tri
of Moab, Moses undertook to expound this
Teaching. He said:
-i)2Kb ninn iJ^b'N in^ M'>ribi<. mn:'6
6The Lord our God spoke to us at Horeb, lypi I 1J3 7 :n;Tn -inin nnu; D^^-nn
saying: You have stayed long enough at this
mountain. ^Start out and make your way to the

hill country of the Amorites and to all their
neighbors in the Arabah, the hill country, the

Shephelah,^"the Negeb, the seacoast, the land of
ivjK yi^kn-piK 1U7-1T iks y-iKn-nx
the Canaanites,'^ and the Lebanon, as far as the
Great River, the river Euphrates. ^See, I place

pny;"^ nni^^K^ a^^mK^ nin"'°yn\^j
the land at your disposal. Go, take possession :DnnnK Dvnî an^ nnY:ipv']b)
of the land that the Lord swore to your fathers, -kb inK^? Kinn nyn dd'^k "ipKi^
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, to assign to them mnîo :aDnK riKu; ^^n"? b^m
and to their heirs after them.
Dl^n n^jm ddj-ik rrnin n3Ti'7x
^Thereupon I said to you, "I cannot bear the
burden of you by myself. lOThe Lord your God
has multiplied you until you are today as nu-
The rest of this verse and v. 2 are unclear; cf. v. 19 and Num.
33.16-36.
Cf.Josh. 12.4; 13.12,31.
Others "Lowland."
I.e., Phoenicia.
373
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 1.10 uevarim nnm k D"'~i:i~I n-nn
merous as the stars in the sky. — "May the
Lord, the God of your fathers, increase your

numbers a thousandfold, and bless you as He HD^K 1: :DD^ "in^ "IWKD D^riK '^1:l^>^
promised you. — '^How can I bear unaided the

:DDnn"i DDNwpT o^rnu •>^:ib ku/k
trouble of you, and the burden, and the bick-
''pji D"'p3n Dû/JK np^' inn 13
ering! '-'Pick from each of your tribes men who
are wise, discerning, and experienced, and 1 will
appoint them as your heads." '-lYou answered n\i7K "in"in-niu nnK'ni •'n'x ijyni 14
me and said, "What you propose to do is good." w-j-riK n^Kii? :nlU7i;'7 rnnn
'''So I took your tribal leaders, wise and expe- ]nKi n^vy) hm:ir\ d-'u/jk nnûnw
rienced men, and appointed them heads over ntz/i d-'d'pk ntf/ nn^'pi; wvjk-) nniK
you: chiefs of thousands, chiefs of hundreds,
hi\uv n.u/i wvjrir] nu/T nikn
chiefs of fifties, and chiefs of tens, and officials
riK niyKT If'
: U2i\p'2pb Dnp'i:/')
for your tribes, "i charged your magistrates at
"l-'n ybif; iDK"? Kinn nvn ddûqu;
that time as follows, "Hear out your fellow men,
and decide justly between any man and a fellow
-pni u^"'K-]^n p-iy oriuQti/i tDD^riK
Qijtj n"'3n-k'7i- :lnA pni i^riK
Israelite or a stranger. '^You shall not be partial
in judgment: hear out low and high alike. Fear nun i3ii
no man, for judgment is God's. And any matter Kin D-'n'7K'7 usu/Kin ""a u;"'k-'JQ)p
that too difficult for you, you shall bring to
is
''pK ]in'ipn D3?3 nu/p^ nu/K nnim
me and I will hear it." i^^Thus I instructed you,
Kinn nyn apriK niYKT i« :iinvpiiî
at that time, about the various things that you
•.]W)jn iu;k nnn^n-'73 nK
should do.
'^We set out from Horeb and traveled the
n3T>3n-'73 nK ti^|i nnnn vv^) 1^
great and terrible wilderness that you saw, along q-i.-i an^K-i nu/K Kinn Kniiini^'^nAn
the road to the hill country' of the Amorites, as ^21ribK mn;" my iu/ns n'^^Kji "in
the Lord our God had commanded us. When

we reached Kadesh-barnea, 201 said to you, "You mn^--iu;k ^^rii^n in-nv DJiKn dd'7k
have come to the hill country of the Amorites
"^•'n'7K mn-" ]nj nxn :i u^ ]n'j ^^-'Tibii.
:
which the Lord our God is giving to us. -'See,

nni nu;K3 \ij^, nbv yiKn-nK ^'jd'?
the Lord your God has placed the land at your
-bK) i<,yn-bi<. ^b yn:ii<, ''TibK nin^
disposal. Go up, take possession, as the Lord,
the God of your fathers, promised you. Fear not :nnn
and be not dismayed." nn^\z;j TipKni bnVa ^-j^k iin-ipni 22
-^Then all of you came to me and said, "Let
us send men ahead to reconnoiter the land for -n'7i7j -iu;k înnrrnK nni ijn'K inwî
us and bring back word on the route we shall
:]n-''7K K'nj nu/K Dnyn hxi nn
follow and the cities we shall come to." ^Î ap-
n^jw ban npKT -inin ""rvn nu"") 23
proved of the plan, and so I selected twelve of
ij3i-i:4 :un\i;^ "iriK uz-'K 'U/JK ntpy
your men, one from each tribe. -'They made
for the hill countrv, came to the wadi Hshcol,
'73\:;k b'nrny "ikd^t ninn ^bv''^
374
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 1.39 devarim nnm k D''~i:n n-nn
and spied it out. 25They took some of the fruit V^KH '"l^P '^'V'^ ^npî 25 : nn"K i^nî
of the land with them and brought it down to nnx'^'T nni ijh'k ^:im ^rbi<. n-iiî
us. And they gave us this report: "It is a good : u^ ]nj iJ"'n'7K mnTnu/K y-iKn nniu
land that the Lord our God is giving to us."
"Q-nx npni ribv^ nri"';iK ^^126
26Yet you refused to go up, and flouted the
DDi'^nKn m-irn.27 :nD"'ri'7K nin''
command of the Lord your God. 27You sulkedt"
in your tents and said, "It is because the Lord
hates us that He brought us out of the land of
Egypt, to hand us over to the Amorites to wipe "irriK D-''7'i; ijmx i nJK28 :^n'>r2\lj'^b
us out. 28/-What kind of place/are we going to?

Our kinsmen have taken the heart out of us, say- -n^T n:')p\i7n nniifni riViA anv i3)3)p
ing, 'We saw there a people stronger and taller
than we, large cities with walls sky-high, and

even Anakites.'"
291 said to you, "Have no dread or fear of
ns^jQ^ "qVnrr D-'rf'pK mn;' 30 : Dnn
them. 30None other than the Lord your God, DDJiK nti/y ^^]UK b'-î DD^ nn^T Kin
who goes before you, will fight for you, just as "IU7X Sn-F)3nT3i tDD-irv^ t:;''n^'P^
He did for you in Egypt before your very eyes,

3iand in the wilderness, where you saw how the
Lord your God carried you, as a man carries
his son, all the way that you traveled until you
came to this place. -^2Yet for all that, you have
-iin^ "qTO DD-'jQ^ '^'7nrT 33 : aD"'ri'7K
no faith in the Lord your God, -''-%ho goes be-
fore you on your journeys — to scout the place
where you are to encamp — in fire by night and pynT nn-iD^ri iu/k ^Ti-i.^n bDJi'K-ib'
in cloud by day, in order to guide you on the

route you are to follow."
34When the Lord heard your loud complaint. W"'K nK"i^-nK35 ny2i<.b vnw""!
He was angry. He vowed: ^SNot one of these
riK HTn vnn nl^n nbkri "'u^jk^
men, this evil generation, shall see the good land
— 36none nn^ ""rivii^^J "iJ^K nniun yixn
that I swore to give to your fathers ex-
Kin n3D^-]n n'^B 'nît 36 : DD-'nnK^
cept Caleb son of Jephunneh; he shall see it, and
to him and his descendants will I give the land
on which he set foot, because he remained loyal

to the Lord. ijpK"? D3'7te rrjn"' q^.Knn ^':n-nA37
37Because of you the Lord was incensed with ]ir]n yu/ln^38 -.nvj Knn-k'7 nnx-D^
me too, and He said: You shall not enter it either. p-tn iriK n)3\f7 K'n^ Kin ^•'Jq'? ipVri
38 Joshua son of Nun, who attends you, he shall
n33ui39 :'7K-it:;TnK m'?!-!^ Kin-'S
enter it. Imbue him with strength, for he shall
allot it to Israel. 39Moreover, your little ones
e Precise meaning oj Heh. uncertain,

f-f Lit. "Where."
375
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 1.39 devarim Dnm K D"'in nmn
who you said would be carried off, your child ren nû; M<'21 nnn yni niu bi^n ivi?"^'^
who do not yet know good from bad, they shall 1J3 nnKi "* : nitz;")"'"' am miriK nnh^
enter it; to them will I give it and they shall pos-
sess it. -"Âs for you, turn about and march into
the wilderness by the way of the Sea of Reeds.
41 You replied to me, saying, "We stand guilty
before the Lord. We will go up now and fight,
just as the Lord our God commanded us." And "ink='i 4^ : ri'^'nn ri^y"? ^rnni lnnn'7a
you all girded yourselves with war gear and -i<b) \bvn Kb unb iwK ""^k nin"*
recklessly^' started for the hill country. -^^But the
Lord said to me, "Warn them: Do not go up
and do not fight, since I am not in your midst;

else you will be routed by your enemies." 431
:ivj''>r:[ ''i>3Kn Ky:'i44 :nnnri ^b:Jn^
spoke to you, but you would not listen; you
tlcHited the Lord's command and willfully
marched into the hill country. *4'rhen the
Amorites who lived in those hiUs came out "jp"? isnrri ^:lpn^ 45 : nnnn-iy n^yu/n
against you like so many bees and chased you,
and they crushed you at Hormah in Seir. : D3'''7K

•iSAgain you wept before the Lord; but the Lord
would not heed your cry or give ear to you.
24^Thus,
'-all
after you had remained
that long time,-'' iwe marched back
at Kadesh 1)3^3 n"'^"! D^D^ u/n.i^n nu/nv^
^
into the wilderness by the way of the Sea of
Reeds, as the Lord had spoken to me, and
skirted the hill country of Seir a long time.
Ip 5'p-3-!3 nr2Kb ^bK mn;" "in^'^'V
2Then the Lord said to me: 3You have been
skirting this hill country long enough; now turn -nKi4 :mQY 03^ MB HTn "inrrriN
north. 4And charge the people as follows: You ^'713^3 Dn3y DnK nnx'? iy byn
will be passing through the territory of your IK-)"") "TiyU/S D"'3U;''ri 1U/V'J3 133T1K
kinsmen, the descendants of Esau, who live in D3 n^^nrrb'Ks n'^n an-iTowjT nsn
Seir. Though they will be afraid of you, be very
careful ^not to provoke them. For I will not give
nrrnK ^nn: lii^v'?' n\i^"i''-'3 b}.y^:2
you of their land so much as a foot can tread
rip33 nnKD n3u;n b^K^ ~^^V^
on; I have given the hill country of Seir as a pos-
r|p33 DJIKD 1~)3ri D:')3-DA1 Qri^3f<;T
session to Esau. 6a-What food you eat you shall
obtain from them for money; even the water
g Meaning of Heb. uncertain.

h-h Lit. "many days, like the days that you remained.
a-a Or "You may obtain food from them to eat for money; and
"
you may also procure water from them to dnnk for money.
37^
— —
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 2.19 devarim n^T n D''in min
you drink you shall procure from them for

money." ''Indeed, the Lord your God has
blessed you in all your undertakings. He has
'T]-'n'7K mnT nju; "'ViinK 1 nr njn
watched over your wanderings through this
great wilderness; the Lord your God has been

with you these past fort)' years: you have lacked
nothing.
fiyy^T ri^^Kia ninyn ']i/]r] T'V'i^^
8 We then moved on, away fi-om our kinsmen,

the descendants of Esau, who live in Seir, away
from the road of the Arabah, away from Elath
and Ezion-geber; and we marched on in the
direction of the wilderness of Moab. Ând the

Lord said to me: Do not harass the Moabites
b'\i} Di7 nn ^^2.\Ijl n"'JQ^ Q"'PKri 10
or provoke them to war. For I will not give you
any of their land as a possession; I have assigned
Ar as a possession to the descendants of Lot.
loit was formerly inhabited by the Emim, a

people great and numerous, and as tall as
the Anakites. ^Like the Anakites, they are bk']\u^ nt^y ~iî<3 nrinn inu/î
counted as Rephaim; but the Moabites call
them Emim. 2Similarly, Seir was formerly

TIT '7nrnK D3^ nnvi "^^2. "^^^ ^^
inhabited by the Horites; but the descendants
-"i\^K D-'b^rni4 :inT '7nrnK iny^T
of Esau dispossessed them, wiping them out
and setding in their place, just as Israel did
in the land they were to possess, which the -iv n2\u mbu/T uwbv; ini '7nrnK
Lord had given to them. n"i.i?.)p nnn'7)3rT û/jk "inrT-'73 bri
i3Up now! Cross the wadi Zered! n^T 15 :DrT^ mn^ ynu/j iu;k3 nirDan
So we crossed the wadi Zered. I'^The time that
we spent in travel from Kadesh-barnea until we
:n)3ri ly
crossed the wadi Zered was thirty-eight years,
npribtpn ^yj2i<.-b2 i?3ri-"iU7K3 "'nîie
until that whole generation of warriors had per-
ished from the camp, as the Lord had sworn
nin;" nni^v^ d :Dyn n-ij?)? mip^
concerning them, isindeed, the hand of the '7^nrnK nl^n iny nriK is nbx'? •'bi<,
Lord struck them, to root them out from the p?3y -"Jn b^-D n3-!i71i9 :iyTlK 3^1)3
camp to the last man.
i6When all the warriors among the people
had died off, i^the Lord spoke to me, saying:
i^You are now passing through the territory of
Moab, through Ar. i^You will then be close to
the Ammonites; do not harass them or start a
fight with them. For I will not give any part of piDO yynN2 Npca
377
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 2.19 devarim nnm n DÎHT n-nn
the land of the Ammonites to you as a posses-
sion; 1 have assigned it as a possession to the
descendants ot Lot. n-'KQ-) Kin-c]K n\i;nn D^KQ-i-ynK :•'
-"It, too, is counted as Rephaim country. It
was formerly inhabited by Rephaim, whom

""i^jya wv nni bî} nv2i :n"')3TpT
the Ammonites call Zamzummim, -la people
great and numerous and as tall as the
Anakites. The Lord wiped them out, so that itpv '.p'^ ntf/y iu^K3 22 :annn
[the Ammonites] dispossessed them and -riK im]^:! nipK "fvu/n n-inu/'^n
settled in their place, --as He did for the DJinn inu/""! Dif/T;'"! an^JBTp nnn
descendants of Esau who live in Seir, when D^nw^n n-iwrivs ^ri^ri nvri iv
He wiped out the Horites before them, so that n^Ky^n bn'nQ3 nTy-iv d^'ivd?
they dispossessed them and settled in their
:nnnn inw"*! DTnu;n niJiMp
place, as is still the case.'' 23So, too, with the
Awim who dwelt in villages in the vicinity

of Gaza: the Caphtorim, who came from ]liiU7n-^b7p ]rT'p-nK î^n Tinj
Crete,'' wiped them out and settled in their in "lAnni ]u-\ bnr] W"!KTikt nuKn
place. ^înQ nn ^bnK n-fn uvri ^5 : npn^n
-'*Up! Set out across the wadi Arnon! See, I give -73 nnn nîQvri ^^^B'bv '^riK-i"'i
into your power Sihon the Amorite, king of
Heshbon, and his land. Begin the occupation:

engage him in battle. -?This day I begin to put
-bK nl?3ip "iinna b^DK"?)? n'pu/Ki ^^
the dread and fear of you upon the peoples
everywhere under heaven, so that they shall
:i?3K'7 Dl^\f7 nn^ p3u;n Ti'pp ilrrip
i2\U^ i^-n^ moK
-^Then I sent messengers from the wilderness ^b-]nr\ r|D3ii D^pT 'n'?'3KT "'nni^n
of Kedemoth to King Sihon of Heshbon with -i\i;K3 29 :^^b^'^2. HinVK p"i Ti^nu;!
an offer of peace, as follows, 27"Let me pass
Mhv pn ''b-w};
"T'Vt^n b"'3u;'''n
through your country. I will keep strictly to the
HnvK-ii^K ly -1^3 n^nw^n D^nKlnni
highway, turning off neither to the right nor to
ij"'n'7K mnT-iu;K y'iAn-'7K ]i"i:!n-nK
the left. -^What food I eat you will supply for
money, and what water I drink you will furnish
:Mb ]ni
for money; just let me pass through'^ 29as the — innvn ]i3u;n "^btz 'fn^'D n3K kî 30
descendants of Esau who dwell in Seir did for
me, and the Moabites who dwell in Ar — that I
may cross the Jordan into the land that the Lord
our God is giving us."
^^But King Sihon of Heshbon refused to let
b Lit. "until this day. 1 Kbn V. 27.

c Heb. "Caphlor."
d Lit. "with my feel."
378
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 3.5 devarim nnm A "'"in n~nn
us pass through, because the Lord had stiffened

his will and hardened his heart in order to de- UV2 îp inn ivp^ ini'7-nK y)3KT
liver him into your power — as is now the case.
3iAnd the Lord said to me: See, I begin by plac-
ly-iN-nKi irrip-nK ^'ia^ nn 'n^nn
ing Sihon and his land at your disposal. Begin
the occupation; take possession of his land.
:ly-!K-nK nu;n^ u/n bm
32Sihon with all hismen took the tield against Ijpv'^î Kin ijnK"ip^ frrip xy'T 32
us at Jahaz, -''ând the Lord our God delivered irri''7x mn^ injniT-" :nyn"i nnn^??^
him to us and we defeated him and his sons and -'73-nKi i^n m-nxi in'K ^41 mpb
all his men. 34At that time we captured all his Kinn nv3 r-jy-'^s-nx "ra'piiT^-i :l)3i7
towns, and we doomedi? every town — men, tquni D""!:/^?!! nnn -!"'v'73-nK bnnai
women, and children —leaving no survivor.
35We retained as boot)' only the cattle and the
lyiyn 36 : ^n^b ^\uk anvn '^'pu/i ^:b
spoil of the cities that we captured. -''^From
"lU/K "i^vni pnK '7nrn5U7-'7V i\^k
Aroer on the edge of the Arnon valley, including
the town/ in the valley itself, to Gilead, not a
^^\^K nnp nn^n i<b lij^nnv^bm^.
city was too mighty for us; the Lord our God ij^ri'^N n-pi ]nj "âri-nK iii)3?p nn^t^
delivered everything to us. -"^'But you did not i<b ]iJ2V"'J? Vl^"'^^ P^--' '^^^)^)'
encroach upon the land of the Ammonites, b'2^ ^riri nyi 'p:ii bm i^'b'^ nnn{7
all along the wadi Jabbok and the towns of the
:irrt'7x mn^ my-nwx
hill country, just as the Lord our God had
commanded.
^ We made our way up the road toward Ba- 'rW KY"! ]U/3rT Tj-IT bVTi "[331 ^
shan, and King Og of Bashan with all his men
took the field against us at Edrei. -But the Lord ^^K mn^ nTpK^v •''vy[K r\)2nb):h
said to Do not fear him, for am delivering
me: I
in'K ""nnj îp ""3 inx xn/n-'7x
him and all his men and his countr)' into your
power, and you will do to him as you did to
# n-itz/yi ly-jK-nKi i?3V"'73-nK'!
Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived in

"lU/K n'?3KrT "q^p I'n-'p^ nû/y 11^x3
Heshbon. :]l3U;n3 3U7i"'
3So the Lord our God also delivered into our Aiy-nK m in^3 irrf'^K m.n^ ']n'i 3
power King Og of Bashan, with all his men, and -ly insî i^y-'^s-nKi ]u;3ri-^'7n
we dealt them such a blow that no survivor was nK 1'3'731-i :T'"!U; i'7-T'KU/n 'n'73
left. -Ât that time we captured all his towns;
nnp nn^n iib Kinn ni;3 viv'73
there was not a town that we did not take from
-73 -i^y D"'W DnK)3 ijnp.^-K'? n\^K
them: sixty towns, the whole district of Argob,
the kingdom of Og in Bashan — 5all those towns
-733 :lU/33 AlV n3'7n^ 3nK "730
e I.e., placed under herem, which meant the annihilation of the

population. Cf. note b at Num. 21.2; josh. 6.24.
f Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
379
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 3.5 uevarim nnm i D"'")!!! n-nn
were fortified with high walls, gates," and bars n^n^T r[r\'2}, npin niyn any nbk
apart from a great number of unwalled towns. :"rK?3 nin-in ""nsn nyn 1:1b nnm
^We doomed them as we had done in the case ^bp in^vb ij''ti;y iu/k? nnlK nin^T ^
of King Sihon of Heshbon; we doomed every
uw^ri uniz "T'V-'â mnn pnu/n
town — men, women, and children — ''and re-
tained as booty all the cattle and the spoil of the
towns.
^^b
SThus we seized, at that time, from the two
Amorite kings, the country beyond the Jordan, '7n^n ]'iyn inyn nu;K -''ii2i<^7i ^:^b'i2
from the wadi Arnon to Mount Hermon iN-ii?^ ""J'T'i^y :pP~!n irriy piK
^Sidonians called HermonSirion, and the Amo-
rites call it Senir — iâll the towns of the Table- -"731 lyân-'^D'i i\i;-')3rT ny 1 b:^ 10
land and the whole of Gilead and Bashan as far

n2b'i2)2 ny ""VI.Iki hd'^d-iv IV^^n
as Salcah'' and Edrei, the towns of Og's kingdom
in Bashan. "Only King Og of Bashan was left
of the remaining Rephaim. His bedstead, an U/ii; Iti/ny *mn b^KDin in^^.n -iku;j
iron bedstead, is now in Rabbah of the Ammon- v\LJn ]i73V -"js n:3-i:3 Kin *r\br\ bn:i
ites; it is nine cubits long and four cubits wide, nnn-j niKJK vnnKi hd-ik ni)3K
by 'the standard cubit!' :\:7"']<Tl?3K:n
'-''And this is the land which we apportioned Kinn ny? iJÎ^ riKTn y-iKn-riKi 12
at that time: The part from Aroer along the wadi

"in 'yni p-iK bm-bv-^vjK '^v^V12
Arnon, with part of the hill country of Gilead
and its towns, I assigned to the Reubenites and
Aly r[:2b)2}2 ~]u;3n-'7Di Tyb'Ari inî b
the Gadites. '^The rest of Gilead, and all of Ba-
shan under Og's rule — the whole Argob district,
7^11 b-2 n]^^:)^!! unw '>^r\b •'nnj
all that part of Bashan which is called Rephaim y-iK Knj?-' Kinn ]^j:^7l-b2b nnKn
country — I assigned to the half-tribe of Manas- -'73-nK hpb n\i7ja-]3 i'^k^ h :d-'kd-i
seh. i-ijair son of Manasseh received the whole "•nDyjam mmn "711^-11; Inx b^n
Argob district (that is, Bashan) as far as the
nin ]U73n-n>< 1du;-'7v dhk Kni?"!
boundary of the Geshurites and the Maacath-
•nnj T'DJp'pT 15 :n;Tn avn -ly i^h
ites, and named it after himself: Hawoth-jair''
"nnj naî
— as is still the case. '5To Machir I assigned Gil-
îniK-iVii^ :-ry'7An-nN
ead. "Ând to the Reubenites and the Gadites ^mn "qin p-ix "rnriyi "lyÂn-ip
I assigned the part from Gilead down to the wadi : ]1>3y pn "7^^ '7n3n pn^ nyi "73^1
Arnon, the middle of the wadi being the bound- D""^ nyi nnjap "73^1 ]i."i?rT"i nn-jyni 1-
ary, and up to the wadi Jabbok, the boundary

of the Ammonites.
' ^/ [ We also seized ] the Arabah, from the foot
a I.e., two-leaf doors. -nanv I'-vum inâo v. ;;.

b Others "Salecah" or "Salchah."
c-c Lit. "hy a man's forearm."
d Vv. 12-13 proceed from south to north; v\: 14-16 from north
to south.
e I.e., "villages of Jair."

f Continuing vv. S-IO; 4.47-49.
cf.
380
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 3.28 va-ethannan pnnKT A D''"in min
of the slopes of Pisgah on the east, to the edge
of the Jordan, and from Chinnereth down to : nnntp

the sea of the Arabah, the Dead Sea.
i8At that time I charged you,^ saying, "The

Lord your God has given you this country to
DD-'riK '>)^b nnyj^ D^'i^^'^n nnu;")^
possess. You must go as shock-troops, warriors
all, at the head of your Israelite kinsmen. iÔnly
your wives, children, and livestock — I know

that you have much livestock — shall be left in iy2o :np^ nrinj "iu/k n^nyn inu/^
the towns I have assigned to you, Ôuntil the W']^'] "D33 'b3"'nK'7 I mn"' n-'r-nu/K
Lord has granted your kinsmen a haven such
as you have, and they too have taken possession
of the land that the Lord your God is assign-
:n3^ 'nnj iu^k "ihwyb
ing them, beyond the Jordan. Then you may re-
turn each to the homestead that I have assigned
to him."
211 also charged Joshua at that time, saying,
"You have seen with your own eyes all that the "inV nriK nu/K nlD^)p)3n-'73^ mn''
Lord your God has done to these two kings; nD"'n'7K nin-' 'S mKTJn i<b 22 -.
hdu;
so shall the Lord do to all the kingdoms into
D :u:2b n'ran Mn
which you shall cross over. 22D0 not fear them,
for it is the Lord your God who will battle
for you."
VA-'ETHANNAN pnriKi
231 pleaded with the Lord at that time, saying, n'Tpx"? Kinn nyn n'ln"'-'?^ ]3nnKi23
24"0 Lord God, You who let Your servant see nlK-in^ Vii^nn nnx nin"' "'nK24
the first works of Your greatness and Your ngmn "^"i^tiki '^'7irnK îny-nx
mighty hand. You whose powerful deeds no god
--i\i7K V"i.Kn^ ^''y?^^ bi<,-')2 -^\UK
in heaven or on earth can equal! 25Let me, I pray,
cross over and see the good land on the other
good hiU country, and
-iu;k nniun ynKriTix hkikt xi
side of the Jordan, that
the Lebanon." 26But the Lord was wrathful with ijljnVm HTn nlun -inn jîiin nny;?
me on your account and would not listen to me. ynu/ i<b^ D^jyp^ "'^ mn"' "isyn^'i 26
The Lord said to me, "Enough! Never speak to ripin-'7K "^^"^-1 i^K mn^ '^^^2^^^ ''bK
Me of this matter again! 27Go up to the summit u/xn I nbiJ, 27 : nTn -in^n iiy ""bx -15^
of Pisgah and gaze about, to the west, the north,
nj)p''ni hjq:^") ttiî ^•'rv xu/t n^psn
the south, and the east. Look at it well, for you
inyn xb'-'s "îp^:^ nx-ii nnnrpT
shall not go across yonder Jordan. 28Give Joshua
his instructions, and imbue him with strength
wlm-nx \vi28 :n;TrT j^ni'n-nK
g I.e., the two and ii half tribes.
381
RAH DEUTERONOMY 3.28 va-ethannan pnriKi J D''~i::i1 nmn
and courage, for he shall go across at the head nvn ^""JQ^ "inV? Kin-iS iny^pKI mpTrn
ofthis people, and he shall allot to them the land nU/K VlKiTriK DHiK '7"'nJ"' Kim n-Til
that you may only see." . p[]s;-)jr|
29Meanwhile we stayed on in the valley near i^^^

^ .
^^^^ ^^^ ^,^^ ^^^^ ,^
Beth-peor.
^t And now, O Israel, give heed to the laws

and rules that I am instructing you to observe, DDJIK T3'?P ""P'JK 1WK D''U3U;)3n-'7K1
so that you may live to enter and occupy the nn\:7"T'T nriKni vnn \vr;h r^^\uvb
land that the Lord, the God of your fathers, is
DD^nnK ^ribi^ mn^ nwK ynKn-riK
giving you. 'You shall not add anything to what
-lU/K nn^n-b'i; ispn iib^- :dd^ \rii
I command you or take anything away from it,
commandments Lord your ^m'n ivnAn iib^ n^riK niY)3 'djk

but keep the of the
God that enjoin upon you. ^You saw with your
I
nu7K D3"'n'7K mn-' niYn-riK inu;'?
own eyes what the Lord did in the matter of nx nK"irT bn^ry 3 ddjik : myn ""djk
Baal-peor, that the Lord your God wiped out '73 ""B -ili73 '^v?^! nu/y—IU7K
"^Y^"".
from among you every person who followed

Baal-peor; -iwhile you, who held fast to the Lord
riKi4 :"^;?11?JP ^"'d'^^ '^.1'^'' "iT'P^n
your God, are all alive today.
5See, I have imparted to you laws and rules,
as the Lord my God has commanded me, for
land that you are about

n-iuQu/âT Qipn d^hk ^T\'^y^b nx-i 5
you to abide by in the
1
to enter and occupy. Ôbserve them faithfully, n-i.i7.3 ]3 nwvb ^rpK mn-" 'jiy iu/k?
for that will be proof of your wisdom and dis- : nnu/i"? n)3u; n-'Kii diik -iu/k yiKn
cernment to other peoples, who on hearing of DDnnDn Kin -"b brr'Wi;"! nniû/T ^
these laws will say, "Surely, that great nation

all
\^vn\u^_ "iiz;k n^pyn ^y>vb DDnrm
is a wise and discerning people." ''For what great
-uv pi n^KT r\bkr\ D-'prin-b's hk
nation is there that has a god so close at hand
as is the Lord our God whenever we call upon
^lA-in "'3- -.nm br\^r[ ^lArr ]i3jT 3n
Him? **Or what great nation has laws and rules
mn"'? vbK n"'3'ip dtI'tk ib'—iu;k bî^
as perfect as all this Teaching that I set before "îlA ""lA ^^m « : Vbi^ lJK-|j7-'733 irrT'7K
you this day? V33 Dp-iiv Diu3u;)pT D'lpn i'7-"iu;k
'But take utmost care and watch yourselves D3"'33'7 \rii ^3JK ^\uK nKTn n-jinn
scrupulously, so that you do not forget the
things that you saw with your own eyes and so

-]3 iKn q\:;3J inu/T -^ iJpii^n pi ^
that they do not fade from your mind as long

Jl^ry m-j-nwK nnnin-riK n3u;n
as you live. And make them known to your chil-
dren and to your children's children: '"The day
anviim "^'^n 'p'' '7'3 "^nn^n ~mD^-]3T
you stood before the Lord your God at Horeb, niDV iu;k di^ 10 i'^-'n "•pVi ^'jn'?
when the Lord said to Me, "Gather the people n'ln-' "nnKB 3-in3 T'n'^^^ nin^ 'i3^
382
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 4.23 va-'ethannan IjnnxT ~i D''"i:n n-nn
to Me may let them hear My words, in

that I -riK ni;)3u;Ki ayrr-riK '•'y'^rri^n "'^k
order that they may learn to revere Me as long
as they live on earth, and may so teach their chil-
-nxT nmKrr'^V b"n an nu/K bîp^n
dren." iiYou came forward and stood at the
innvpl jinnprriii :1T|73'7-' nrj^n
foot of the mountain. The mountain was ablaze
n'^ny û/K3 nym nnrri nnn nnn
with flames to the very skies, dark with densest
clouds. i2The Lord spoke to you out of the fire;
you heard the sound of words but perceived no
shape —nothing but a voice. i3He declared to 'nîT n^Kh D3J"'K mi)3rn u^v)2\u
you the covenant He commanded you to
that
observe, the Ten Commandments; and He in- DnnDî nn'in nni^y n'\^vb b^riK
scribed them on two tablets of stone. iÂt the
nv^ "inKiH :n"'nK nln'7 ^;^p-b:j
same time the Lord commanded me to impart
w^n Q^riK iiiibb Kinn nyn mn^
to you laws and rules for you to observe in the
nu/K yn.Kn nnx u^rivjvb uyB\um
land that you are about to cross into and occupy.
ispor your own sake, therefore, be most :'r\n\ij^b n)3u; annV ariK
careful — since you saw no shape when the Lord iib '3 D3"'n'\:7Qj^ ikt: ann^pu/JT 15
your God spoke to you at Horeb out of the mn*' "li^ Dl^2i njiujn-'73 bri'iKn
fire — i^not to act wickedly and make for your- -]3i6 :\:7Kri T]ln)p nn'ns d^'^k
selves a sculptured image in any likeness what- nj^nn dd^ ri-'u;:;"! ]innu;n
"^dii
ever: the form of a man or a woman, i^the form
n^nn 1-
:nnpj ik "i3t n^nn '7)pp-'73
of any beast on earth, the form of any winged
bird that flies in the sky, i^the form of anything
ni3y-'73 nmn yixn ivjk n73n3-'73
-73 iTibn 18 :n"'p\i;3 ^^vr\ nu;K qj3
that creeps on the ground, the form of any fish
that is in the waters below the earth. iÂnd when ni^K nn-'73 iT'jnn nniKii \u'l2'^
you look up to the sky and behold the sun and

the moon and the stars, the whole heavenly host, nn^n-riK") u/nî^n-riK n^Kni°n?p^b\i7n
you must not be lured into bowing down to
nn"iJi a^bii/n Kny b'^ D-'n3i3rT-nKi
them or serving them. These the Lord your God
p^n ~iU7K nninyi wnb rT'innu/rri
allotted to other peoples everywhere under
nnn n->m'ri ^'73'7 nnK Vo^^ -^P?
heaven; 20but you the Lord took and brought
KYI"! nin"" r[\?b b3nK"i 20 : n^)2\un-b^
out of Egypt, that iron blast furnace, to be His
very own people, as is now the case. ih nvnb Dnyj3p bn'^ri ^^^:^)2 D3riK
21N0W the Lord was angry with me on your :n;Tn nl"? nb'm dv^
account and swore that I should not cross the
Jordan and enter the good land that the Lord -'7K K3-'ri'73î I'l.-il'n-nK'-'iny ""n^n^
your God is assigning you as a heritage. 22For
jnj T'n'7K mn"' n\z;K nnlun yiKn
must die in this land; shall not cross the Jor-
I I
riKTn y"iK3 hn \3Jk 12 22 : nbm "^b
dan. But you will cross and take possession of
Dnn'y briK") I'J.II'nTiK -inV ^^j"'k
that good land. 23Take care, then, not to forget
the covenant that the Lord your God concluded

:nwrT nniun y-iKn-riK ani^T).
383
RAH DEUTERONOMY 4.23 va-ethannan IjnriNT 1 D"'~i:n n-nn
with you, and not to make for yourselves a nn^-riK in3u;rT]3 uiib na\i7n23
sculptured image in any likeness, against which
the Lord your God has enjoined you. -'For the
Lord your God is a consuming fire, an impas- •'324

n'73K u;k ^'n'^K mn"" :'q-'rT'7K
sioned God.
Q :KJi7 bK Kin
-?\Vhen you have begotten children and chil-
dren's children and are long established in the
DriJu;iJT wh 'pT d^jb T''7ln-'3 25
land, should you act wickedly and make for njinn 'bvB nn-'t^v"! annwm y")K3
yourselves a sculptured image in any likeness,
causing the Lord your God displeasure and -riK uvn n33 Ti'-fyn-'^ :'ip"'V^n'7
vexation, 26] call heaven and earth this day to ~]n3K'n i'3K-'3 y-iKn-riKT umwri
witness against you that you shall soon perish
ann'y nnx "^V^ Yl.^<? ^^'^ ^"7^
from the land that you are crossing the Jordan
]3nKn-K'p nnu;-)'? njpu; iîiin-riK
to possess; you shall not long endure in it, but
ypni 27 : ]T[)3\i7ri in\i;n '3 n^^v n^p^
shall be utterly wiped out. 27The Lord will scat-
ter you among the peoples, and only a scant few

of you shall be left among the nations to which n3riK mn^ Anr -iu;k nm:i -iQpn
the Lord will drive you. -*^There you will serve nii/yjp D"'n'7K Diz/'Driiny"! 2« inpu;
man-made gods of wood and stone, that cannot
see or hear or eat or smell.
:]nn"' iib) ^^3^^ i<b^ ]W)2p''
29But
God, you
if you search there
will find Him, if
for the Lord your
only you seek Him
"^""libK mn"'-nK um nnu;i7m29
— -7331 Tin3^-'733 IJlU/lin ""S HKYni

with all your heart and soul -"^"when you are
in distress because all these things have befallen
you and, in the end, return to the Lord your n}n:'-iV 'n3\i;T D-'p^n nnriKS n^'xri
God and obey Him. Lord your God

^'For the binn bK '331 :iyp3 nyp^l Ttj^^
is a He will not fail you nor
compassionate God: k^l qrr'ni^:' i<b'\ r\By_ i<b "^"'n'7K nin""
will He let you perish; He will not forget the cov-
enant which He made on oath with your fathers.

:urib
32You have but to inquire about bygone ages

that came before you, ever since God created
man on earth, from one end of heaven to the

I ''rt'7K K"i3 °-ii^K bi='n-])p^ "^^js^
other: has anything as grand as this ever hap- -IV) n->r2\^ri nypp'î y-iKn-'7y din
pened, or has its like ever been known? -^"^Has ntn ^bî^ri "i3i3 ninjn "•nii^n n!/p
any people heard the voice of a god speaking b^p nv vpu^n 33 :in>33 ypw^n m
out of a fire, as you have, and survived? -''•Or
has any god ventured to go and take for himself

Ki3'7° wfibii. HDjn I 1K 3) :
iH"} nnx
one nation from the midst of another by pro-
digious acts, by signs and portents, by war, by
nn'K3 nD)p3 m 3-i.p7n 'li ^b nnp^
vl"iT3T hi^rn T'pi n)pn'7n3T D''n3in3i
a mighty and an outstretched arm and awesome
384
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 4.47 va-'ethannan pnriNi n D"'~121 n-nn
power, as the Lord your God did for you in

Egypt before your very eyes? 35fl-it has been -.'^''pvh nnYpî 3"'ri'7K nrn^ w^b
clearly demonstrated to you" that the Lord Kin mn"' \3 niJih nNin nnK35
alone is God; there is none beside Him. 36From
ci'ipii/ri-jp 36 : nn^pp liv ]'^k wribKri
the heavens He let you hear His voice to disci-
Yl.krl-bv^ ^^.p^'p i'^p-riK '^y"'pu;rT
pline you; on earth He let you see His great fire;
nv'i2\LJ inniT n^nAn l\i7K-nx "^Knn
and from amidst that fire you heard His words.
37And because He loved your fathers, He chose -riK hriK -"a rinni3' -.vji^ri "qinp
their heirs after them; He Himself,'' in His great jlKYi"! inriK lynm inn''T "^"nnK
might, led you out of Egypt, ?8to drive from your u/nin^ 38 : Dn^y?3jp ViAH inbn T-Jsn
path nations greater and more populous than
you, to take you into their land and assign it
to you as a heritage, as is still the case. 39Know

Vinn^-'^K nnu/HT uvri nynî 39 : nTn
therefore this day and keep in mind that the
Lord alone is God in heaven above and on earth

below; there is no other, ôobserve His laws and nipu/Tô :iii; ]ik nnrin y-!Kn-'7y"i
commandments, which I enjoin upon you this ^jjiyp 'pJK nu7K Tiniyp-nKi vipn-riK
day, that may go well with you and your chil-
it IVPî T'^.D>^ ^"'.^?^'i
"h^ nu" 1U7K ni'n
dren after you, and that you may long remain
in the land that the Lord your God is assigning
to you for all time.

nnvn Dny vjbû nu;'n b"'^,'!'] tk4i
i'Then Moses set aside three cities on the east
nii-i npu; vib 42 : u/pu; nn-iTjp 0"):?ri
side of the Jordan 42to which a manslayer could
escape, one who unwittingly slew a fellow man

without having been hostile to him in the past; nn>;-'7K oil lu;'7ii; bizntz 1^ xit:;-K'7
he could flee to one of these cities and live: "inipn "^^1"^^^ ^^ ^ni b^ri Dnyn-jn
'i3Bezer, in the wilderness in the Tableland, be- n')3K"i-nKT ^.JniK"i^ iu/^Tan yiKî
longing to the Reubenites; Ramoth, in Gilead, ^\LJ:j2b "[u/niii l'7iA-nxT nA^
: TV'^^5
belonging to the Gadites; and Golan, in Bashan,
belonging to the Manassites.
'>2Bb n\u')2 Du;-"iU7K nninn nKTi44
44This is the Teaching that Moses set before

"j^nrTi myn n'pK^? :'7Knii7^ m
the Israelites: 'isthese are the decrees, laws, and
rules that Moses addressed to the people of -inyî46 .•ny)3?3 anKyn bk-\\u'>
Israel, after they had left Egypt, 46beyond the ]wv ynxn nlys n^s bm K^^n ]'hyn
Jordan, in the valley at Beth-peor, in the land
of King Sihon of the Amorites, who dwelt in
nriKYS '7K-JU;"' 'pi nu;n nan
Heshbon, whom Moses and the Israelites de-
:Dny)3)3
-riKT lY-iK-nK iii;-!"! 47
feated after they had left Egypt. 477hey had
taken possession of his country and that of King
a-a Lit. "You have been shown to know."

b Lit. "With His face (or Presence)"; cf. note at Exod. 33.14.
385
)RAH DEUTERONOMY 4.47 va-ethannan ]jnnKT 1 D"'"n;n n-nn
( ô of Bashan — the two kings of the Amorites

w hich were on the east side of the Jordan -"^from .VJ12U; nim yiy^r} inyn "iu/k
Aroer on the banks of the wadi Arnon, as far
as Mount Sion/ that is, Hermon; »'âlso the
\v hole Arabah on the east side of the Jordan, as
far as the Sea of the Arabah, at the foot of the

Q :mD3n mu7K
slopes of Pisgah.
w^ Moses summoned all the Israelites and said

to them: Hear, O Israel, the laws and rules that
n
I proclaim to you this day! Study them and ob- UVn DD-'JTXn 121 •'3'JK IVJK U^VBUJUri
serve them faithfully!
nri\uvb uni^^ dhk nnin'î
:
-The Lord our God made a covenant with

:ninî nnn ^mv ni3 iJ''n'7K mn^ ^
us at Horeb. Ît was not with our fathers that

nnnn-riK mn*' n"i3 iJ-'Jinx-nx Kb ?
the Lord made this covenant, but with us, the
living, every one of us who is here today. ^Face nvn n'Q nbK ijnjK uriK -"s riKTrr
to face the Lord spoke to you on the mountain mn;" nil "'JQ? i
W'^B-i .u^^'n ij'73
out of the fire

— "Î stood between the Lord and inV 'pJK-^ -.WKri "linn inn nDjav
\-ou at that time to convey the Lord's words to T'Ari'7 Kinn nvn D3"'p3i mn^-]"";!
\ Du, for you were afraid of the fire and did not
l:o up the mountain — saying:
D -.172^^ inn Dn"'î;-K'7') vjkn
•^"I the Lord am your God who brought you
out of the land of Egypt, the house of bondage:
\'ou shall have no other gods beside Me. njn'; i<b*' nnny n^n^D nn.yj? n^'?
8You shall not make for yourself a sculptured ''^B-bv nnx 'n'7K "^b
image, any likeness of what is in the heavens i\uK minn-'73 i

"702 -]b-7]\uvn-i<b»
above, or on the earth below, or in the waters nnrin yiKn iu/kt bviQ'n 1 a^nu^n
below the earth. '^You shall not bow down to -Kb") •.yii<-b nnnn 1 um:^ -iu/kt
them or serve them. For the Lord your God
I
"pJK ""S Dinyn iib"] nn^ mnnwn
am an impassioned God, visiting the guilt of the
ninK py ipB k^j? '7k Vo"^^ -^.F^
parents upon the children, upon the third and
d^v^t'^VI n^\ub\u-bv^ u^^'bv
upon the fourth generations of those who reject
Me, 'obut showing kindness to the thousandth 'nnx'? n-'Q^'K'? ion nu/'yi i" :"'W'u^^
generation of those who love Me and keep My

commandments. i<iwb îFb'K mnî-niy-nK Kwn i<b n
"You shall not swear falsely by the name of TIN NtiTi—lU/K riK i)w hj?r k'? ^3
theLord your God; for the Lord will not clear
one who swears falsely by His name.
.•'N3-(yn'7 Kim .la'â jinnn nvua ddhj v. 6-is.
, (,/. ".SirioM. " y 9.

Dnvuv"? mnnn •'dV nnDoinn a^'pioam
TMii piDD att'nj nb 'Kanvn'? ». r.
II Tradition varies as to the divisions of the Commandments m
\T. 6-18 and the numbering of the verses. Cf Exod. 20. note a.
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 5.22 va-'ethannan pnriKT n Dnim min
i20bserve the sabbath day and keep it holy, "i\^K3 iu;î?^ rinwri l"'"nK "iin\z;i2
as the Lord your God has commanded you. Tni^n b^n^ n\u\ij 13 i'^^'pt'^k nin;' 1 îy
i^Sbc days you shall labor and do all your work,
i4but the seventh day is a sabbath of the Lord -^73 nu7i7ri tib '^''TibK mn^'p niiu;
your God; you shall not do any work —you, •^nnKf-Ti-inyi ^nnr-ri^ni nriK nfjK^p
your son or your daughter, your male or female
slave, your ox or your ass, or any of your cattle,
or the stranger in your settlements, so that your :'^1)33 ^njpKi ^^ny nij^ ]viQb "^nyu;:!
male and female slave may rest as you do. isRe-
member that you were a slave in the land of
Egypt and the Lord your God freed you from •^'n'7K mn^ ^-^^y \2-bv nîu^ :nn^
there with a mighty hand and an outstretched
D :n|i\i7ri D'i"'"nK nwvb
arm; therefore the Lord your God has com-
Tj^y nu;K3 ?i)3K-nKi 'î-'iK-riK 153 le
manded you to observe the sabbath day.
i6Honor your father and your mother, as the
Lord your God has commanded you, that you "q-'ri'7K mn^-iu;K nmKn bv^ "q^ nu\"'.
may long endure, and that you may fare well,
in the land that the Lord your God is assigning D ny"in Kb'* 17
to you. D trjKjri iib)
iTYou shall not murder.
D 3J^n Kb)
You shall not commit adultery.
You shall not steal.
i(b) D *']V'), nu7K "I'Jpnn k^vs
You shall not bear false witness against your
neighbor.
inuKT lî^vi initp î;-}, n^^ nmnn
I8Y0U shall not covet your neighbor's wife.
You shall not crave your neighbor's house, or -bi<, nin;" ns^ r[bkri nnn^n-riK 19
his field, or his male or female slave, or his ox, Ijyn û/xn înn inn whbrip-b^
or his ass, or anything that is your neighbor's. Dnnp'") iqo^ Kb) bM}. b^p '^s-iym
i9The Lord spoke those words —those and 'H^l 2" ''bK ajn") a"'J3K nn'7 ^^:ip-b:j
no more — to your whole congregation at the
nnm
:
"û/nn 'qln?3^'7lprT-nK n3vn\i73

mountain, with a mighty voice out of the fire
"'u;k"i-'73 ""^k li3"!pni u;k3 -lys
and the dense clouds. He inscribed them on two
tablets of stone, which He gave to me. 2owhen ^jK-in ]n n)pKrT!2i :D3''Ji7n 03-'^^
you heard the voice out of the darkness, while -riKi îrriKi nns-nx irrf'^K mn*'
the mountain was ablaze with fire, you came up n-rn nlTi li/Kri în?3 mvduj )b'p
to me, all your tribal heads and elders, 2 land :"'ni nnKPi-riK D\r1'7K "i3T"^3 irK"j
"The Lord our God has just shown us His
said,
u/KPT ij'73K'ri ^s mnj nja"? nnwa
majestic Presence, and we have heard His voice
i;')3\z;b'°ijnJK 1 d-'Sd^-dk nK-rn nbi^ri
out of the fire; we have seen this day that man
may live though God has spoken to him. 22Let pica yynxn KpvB wrîis v^bv 'Kniyn'? v. I7.
piDQ yynND Kpca r. is.

us not die, then, for this fearsome fire will con-
387
OKAH DEUTERONOMY 5.22 va-ethannan IjnriKi n DÎIIT n-nn
sume us; if we hear the voice of the Lord our

God any longer, we shall die. 23For what mortal
ever heard the voice of the living God speak out
of the fire, as we did, and lived? --lYou go closer

mn'' ipK"' ~iu;k-'73 riK vnvj) nnK
and hear all that the Lord our God says, and
-73 °nK iJ'''7K nnnn i pikt ^j"'n'7K
then you tell us everything that the Lord our
- God tells you, and we will willingly do it."
uvp^l '1\Vjs iJ"'n'7K n^r[•> -lii^ -iu;k
25The Lord heard the plea that you made ^2w:J^

P :
to mo, and the Lord said to me, "I have heard

the plea that this people made to you; they did
well to speak thus. -''May they always be of ^"^K nnT ^^\LjK nin nyn nni "îpTiK
such mind, to revere Me and follow all My
commandments, that it may go well with them
and with their children forever! 27Go, say to
nu" ivn"? n"'p^rT-'73 •niyp-'^D-nK
them, 'Return to your tents.' 28But you remain
here with Me, and I will give you the whole Dnb n')3K ^^27 :D'7y^ nrr^n'î unb
Instruction — the laws and the rules — that you iny n'Q nnisv^ :nD^'7nK'7 n^b imw
shall impart to them, for them to observe in the n)Y)3rT-'73 HK '^''bi^ mniKi 'îtpv
land that I am giving them to possess."
2'^Be careful, then, to do as the Lord your God : r\n\LJ^b DH^ ]nj '3JK "IJ^K ^"1X3
has commanded you. Do not turn aside to the
nin^ my nu^K? nWvb ni)3U7i29
right or to the left: -'''follow only the path that
the Lord your God has enjoined upon you,
: bi<'l2\I;^ i^n^ npn i<b D3nK a3^n'7K
so
a3"'r1'7K urn^ n^y nu/K ]-i"TrT-'733 30
that you may thrive and that it may go well with
\'ou, and that you may long endure in the land Diib' 3lui îTTiri ]V'Db i3'?n n3riK
you are to possess. :p\f;"I"'jn "iu;k ynxn wh^ nnpiKm
vJ And this is the Instruction — the laws and 1

the rules — that the Lord your God has com- n3nK ir^bb 3^n'7K mn-" n-iy -iu;k
manded [me] to impart to you, to be observed
n)3u; Dnlv nnx iu;k y"iK3 nlu;:;^
in the land that you are about to cross into and
occupy, 2so that you, your children, and your
nu7K ^pniYpT vn'i7n-'73-nK inûb'
children's children may revere the Lord your
God and follow, as long as you live, all His laws 'I?-' b3 "^Jn-jni -TinT nriK tiivp "'P'Jk
n^r2^j^^ :'^"'pT
and commandments that enjoin upon you, to I pi^? ]vj?^t "^""in
the end that you may long endure. Ôbey, O Is- 7\b 3U" -iu;k niti/v^ i^l^pu^l bi<i'i\iJ'>
rael, willingly and faithfully, that it may go well 'rf'7K nin"" "i31°"i\^k3 ikq ]i3"in nu/Ki
with you and that you may increase greatly [in] D : mn nbri nni yiK ti"? ^Ti'nK
"a land flowing with milk and honey," as the
I OKI), the God of your fathers, spoke to you.
<j-fl According to Ibn Ezra this phrase connects with the end of V. I.
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 6.19 va-ethannan pnnxT 1 D^lin nmn
^Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, the

Lord alone. 5You shall love the Lord your God
^'
with all your heart and with all your soul and
with all your might. ^Take to heart these in-
nl^n T]iy?p ip2K n\i;K ribkri nnn^n
structions with which I charge you this day. Îm-
press them upon your children. Recite them

TJiiDU/nT Ti-i.^n "^ri^îT ^"^rr'nî jirinu/î
when you stay at home and when you are away,
when you lie down and when you get up. ^Bind
them as a sign on your hand and let them serve rinm-bv orinnpi ^ : "^^ry i^n n'syu^
as a symbol'" on your forehead;'^ 'înscribe them
on the doorposts of your house and on your
gates.
lOWhen the Lord your God brings you into

riViA any "^b nn'? ^p^V.'^b) pn^^^
the land that He swore to your fathers, Abra-
u^Kb)2 u'>n'2^n :n'>n-i<b nwK nnui
ham, Isaac, and Jacob, to assign to you — great
and flourishing cities that you did not build,
iihouses full of all good things that you did

not fill, hewn cisterns that you did not hew,
vineyards and olive groves that you did not ^K''2fln -iu;k mn^-riK n3u;n-]Q
plant — and you eat your fill, i-take heed that -nKi3 :D"'73i7 n"'3)p nnîp ynKU
you do not forget the Lord who freed you from
"rnyji in'Ki Kyn "^ribK mn^
the land of Egypt, the house of bondage. '3Re-
nnK ii^'pn k^h :i;n\i^ri Dpu/ni
vere only the Lord your God and worship Him
alone, and swear only by His name. i^Do not
-IU7K D''KjyrT ^^rib^-n nnriK D"'r1'7K
follow other gods, any gods of the peoples about "^ribK mn^ Kip '7k •'s 15 : n3"'nln"'np
you— i5for the Lord your God in your midst îi ^'^-'ribii mn"'-tqis nnnf ]3 "qsip^
is an impassioned God — lest the anger of the
Lord your God blaze forth against you and He "IU7X3 D3"'n'7K mn^-nx itbjn Kb 16
wipe you off the face of the earth.

-riK innu^n nijpu/i- :nD)33 an^pj
16D0 not try the Lord your God, as you did
at Massah.*? i^Be sure to keep the command-
mn-' ""rys nluni iip^n n'>pv) is :îy
ments, decrees, and laws that the Lord your
God has enjoined upon you. i^Do what is right
y-iKpT-riK nu;");;") nxin -^b nu". ^jv'? <'
and good in the sight of the Lord, that it may i^-'nnK^ mn^ yû/riu/K nnun
go well with you and that you may be able to
possess the good land that the Lord your God D : mn"' "I3T
promised on oath to your fathers, iând that all
"nni -\ 'V
your enemies may be driven out before you, as
V. 4.
the Lord has spoken.
C/ Rashbam and Ibii Ezra; see Zech. 14.9. Others "The Lord
our God, the Lord is one."
Others "frontlet"; cf. Exod. 13.16.
Lit. "between your eyes"; cf. Exod. 13.9.
Cf. Exod. 17.1-7.
389
ORAH DEUTERONOMY 6.20 va-ethannan pnnxi 1 D"'~lll nmn
-"When, in time to come, your children ask nivn nn inK"? -inn ^n '7\bK\ij'>-''2 20
you, "What mean the decrees, laws, and rules
that the Lord our God has enjoined upon you?"'

- ' you shall say to your children, "We were slaves
mn"" UK^yl"! nn^ypn n'vi?^ iJ".n
to Pharaoh in Egypt and the Lord freed us from
n'niK nin*' inî 22 : ni7Tn t^b nn.y)?)?
Egypt with a mighty hand. --The Lord wrought
before our eyes marvelous and destructive signs
and portents in Egypt, against Pharaoh and all
K^yin ijniKi23 nj-irv^ ijT'^-'^^ni
his household; -''and us He freed from there, -riK \2b nn"? ijn'K i<,^:iri ]V)2b Dwn
that He might take us and give us the land that
He had promised on oath to our fathers. -^Then nbkri D"'i?nn-'73-nK nwv^ nin"'
the Lord commanded us to observe all these -73 ij^ niu"? iJ\n'7K mnTfiK nx-i-''?
laws, to revere the Lord our God, for our lasting
nj7iyi23 :n;TrT ni^na ^^ri^nb a^p^n
good and for our survival, as is now the case.
-Ît will be therefore to our merit before the
-'73"nK nwvh i)3U7r"'3 ij^-n^nri
Lord our God to observe faithfully this whole

Instruction, as He has commanded us."
7 When the Lord your God brings you to the T

land that you are about to enter and possess, bwz) nnû'^b nipi^-Kn nriKnu/K
and He dislodges many nations before you
the Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites,
Pcrizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations
much larger than you — 2and the Lord your :';])3p Q"'pi2^yT D"'3"! D^lA nV3\^
nn"'3m T^z^b '^''TibK np-' ajnjT^
God delivers them to you and you defeat them,
\ou must doom them to destruction: grant urib nhpn-K"? dhk nnn n-inn
them no terms and give them no quarter. -Wou D3 ]nnnn i<h^' :Djnn i<b^ nn3
shall not intermarry with them: do not give your njpn-k'? ^n2^ ^nb ]nn-i<b -^nB
daughters to their sons or take their daughters nnvT nnKp ^"^jstik "T'p^-'3-» •.]pb
for your sons. -^For they will turn your children
33 n"in^-r]K nirn nnriK "ri'^K
away from Mc to worship other gods, and the
Lord's anger will blaze forth against you and
n3\^ri DJinYDT ^:/r\Pi ur}^nn:im
He will promptly wipe you out. -"Înstead, this
is what you shall do to them: you shall tear

]iD-!t^ri ri''b'''p3T iiyi^n riTlf^^fl
down their altars, smash their pillars, cut down

their sacred posts, and consign their images to ^3 T'n'^K niTT'b nnis \uMp^ nv "'3'^
the fire. Tjbyv ay"? l"? nl-'n'7 T'n'^N mn-" . -in3

(^For you are a people consecrated to the Lord
your God: of all the peoples on earth the Lord
your God chose you to be His treasured people.
"
/ Sepluagini and rabbinu quolaliom read "uy
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 7.17 ekev apy T D"'")!!! min
''It is not because you are the most numerous

of peoples that the Lord set His heart on you
and chose you — indeed, you are the smallest of -'73)3 uyj3n nK-'3 Dpn nnn='i aîn
peoples; shut it was because the Lord favored
you and kept the oath He made to your fathers
that the Lord freed you with a mighty hand and
rescued you from the house of bondage, from
the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt.
9Know, therefore, that only the Lord your
God is God, the steadfast God who keeps His D^rf'7Kri i<s^r\ T'ri'^K nin^-'a ^VXI^
covenant faithfully to the thousandth genera- iDnni nnnn '^p\Ij i)pK|rT ^"7^:1
tion of those who love Him and keep His

commandments, lobut who instantly requites
with destruction those who reject Him never — T'J3-'7K viî\ub n^û;)piio nn
T'J3-'7K '\ki\ub hnKT k^ iT^^'^^
slow with those who reject Him, but requiting
-piK) niy)3ri-nK ri^Tpu/in •Ab-ubp'!
them instantly. ^Therefore, observe faithhilly
the Instruction —the laws and the rules —with pJK lu/K D"'U3u;Kiri-nK'i 'ij?nn
which I charge you today. El :nnit:7i7^ nip jji^p
'EKEV
iÂnd if you do obey these rules and observe b-'U3\^)3ri riK ]]V)2\ijn nj?); 1 n-'ni 12
them carefully, the Lord your God will main-

tain faithfully for He
you the covenant that
iDnrT-nK") nni^n-nx i(p "^''n^K mn^
made on oath with your fathers: i^He will favor
you and bless you and multiply you; He will
bless the issue of your womb and the produce

of your soil, your new grain and wine and oil,
the calving of your herd and the lambing of your

flock, in the land that He swore to your fathers -'73)3 npn i^n^ h -.^b nri'7 to:3k^
to assign to you. i^You shall be blessed above n")i7yi "ij7y în n"^.rT:'-K'7 wmri
all other peoples: there shall be no sterile male •'Vn-'73 T])3)3 mn;' T'pri'i 15 :'^n)3nn3i
or female among you or among your livestock.
K^ nvl^ '^W^ Q''Vin nnY)3°"'i.i'?"'7;5i
isThe Lord will ward off from you all sickness;
:
'?l"'KJU7-'73n Djnji "in h-nw-;
He will not bring upon you any of the dreadful
nrni nu;K n^)3vn"'73-nK ji^^kt i6
diseases of Egypt, about which you know, but
will inflict them upon all your enemies. Dn'''7i7 xirv Dnn-k'7 T]^ ]ri2 Vt*"^^
16Y0U shall destroy all the peoples that the K^n u/i7i)3-''3 nn"'ri^K-nK h'ni^n Kb)
Lord your God delivers to you, showing them n'>3.'^ ^n3'73 h)3Kn •'317 d -."^b
no pity. And you shall not worship their gods, 731K n3"'K ->m)2 nb^n umn
for that would be a snare to you. '^Should you
say to yourselves, "These nations are more nu-
391
I ORAM DEUTERONOMY 7.17 ekev npy T "'1:21 min
merous than we; how can we dispossess them?"

'f^You need have no fear of them. You have but
to bear in mind what the Lord your God did
to Pharaoh and all the Egyptians: '"^the won-
T='nT DTiD'Tarn n'riKrii "^^rv ik-j
drous acts that you saw with your own eyes, the
signs and the portents, the mighty hand, and
the outstretched arm by which the Lord your
C lod liberated you. Thus will the Lord your God :nri"'j$)p Kn^ nriK—iu/k nm)jr[-b:^b
do to all the peoples you now fear, ôjhe Lord
vour God will also send a plague" against them, nnnparn anKU/jn i:ik-iv u^
until those who are left in hiding perish before
\c)u. -iDo not stand in dread of them, for the
Lord your God is in your midst, a great and
bKn n-'Un-riK '^''tibK nin*' 'bwz-] 22
awesome God.
in)3 Dri'73 ^b-2m Kb uyp uvn ?]"'J3)p
22The Lord your God will dislodge those peo-
ples before you little by little; you will not be jnjT23 :n"fwrT n^n ^^b'y n3in-]3
able to put an end to them at once, else the wild nî> umnri nnrn '^^jd'? ']^ribi<. mn""
beasts would multiply to your hurt. --^The Lord î^n n''D'7)3 inJi24 -.Diypii/n ly
vour God will deliver them up to you, throwing -i<b Q^jp^n nnnp n)pu;-nK ninxm
them into utter panic until they are wiped out. : nn'K "îp^n ly ^^kn ^--k nY^n^
- 'He will deliver their kings into your hand, and
-i<b u/Kn ii3"!U/n htI'^k "''?''p3 25
you shall obliterate their name from under the

]3 71^ J^np^T nn^'^y nnn tqoi) ibnn
heavens; no man shall stand up to you, until you
have wiped them out.
: Kin ^"ri'^K mn^ nnyin '3 in vjpm
-^You shall consign the images of their gods n^m •qn-'n-'^K nnyin K''nn-K'7i26
to the fire; you shall not covet the silver and gold I ^2vn^ i3.Ypu;n 1
y^p inbs Din

on them and keep it for yourselves, lest you be 3 :Kin Dnn"'3 lijnynn
ensnared thereby; for that is abhorrent to the
Lord your God. -^You must not bring an ab-
horrent thing into your house, or you will be

proscribed like it; you must reject it as abom-
inable and abhorrent, for it is proscribed.
O You shall faithfully observe all the Instruc- UVTl T]iyn ""^JK IWK niy?3rT-'73 I I
tion that I enjoin upon you today, that you may Jii^n ITTin ]V)2b nlU/y'p ]1~l?3U/n
thrive and increase and be able to possess the
y^^/j-iU/K pKH-riK nU/T'T DriKni
land that the Lord promised on oath to your .-_-,, _,\_^l. -,s-,t
fathers. -
t . . . ,' '
mn"' ^3"'7n -lU/K n'Tin-73-nK n-i3n 2
-Remember , ,
the long
,
way
,
that the
, ,
Lord your " '' •
'
'"'
' > -
a (Jlhcn honift ; nifiining of llch. iitucruiiti. ( /. miiIi' hi h-xotl.
23.28.
—
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 8.15 ekev apv n D''"im n-nn
God has made you travel in the wilderness these

He might test you by hard-
past forty years, that 'jinn'pn "i\z;K-nK nvn^ "^n'DJ^ "^nhv
ships to learn what was in your hearts: whether :k'p-DK TiJiiYn imyn nnu/nn
~'^3V"'i3
you would keep His commandments or not.
riVT-K"? lU/K ^])3rT-nK '^^pKii "'^nvi:'!
3He subjected you to the hardship of hunger
iib '3 'î'lln ]vr2b ^'nnK ]^V11 k^pi
and then gave you manna to eat, which neither
-b^-hv '3 wiKTi r[ini\i'2.b unbn-bv
you nor your fathers had ever known, in order
to teach you thatman does not live on bread

alone, but that man may live on anything that HT nj^Yn iib -^^ni "^'''pyp nn'pn k^
the Lord decrees. ^The clothes upon you did ^3 ^133^01; nvi^l^ :nju; n-'V3-iK
not wear out, nor did your feet swell these forty
years. ^Bear in mind that the Lord your God

mn^ niYp-riK nnnu/Te :^'i}d'^)2
disciplines you just as a man disciplines his
:lri"K nKi""^! i\?™ ^5^?^ "VV^^
son. ^Therefore keep the commandments of
the Lord your God: walk in His ways and re-
nniu y"}K-'7K ^K"'3)p '^'^tibK mn^ ""S 7
vere Him. D-'KY'' nmrn hj^y um ^bm yiK
''For the Lord your God is bringing you into ]mi r['lvp^ nun ynx » : -in3i nyp33
a good land, a land with streams and springs
and fountains issuing from plain and hill; â nn^ n3-'73kn nj3pn3 Kb '^\uK y-iK 9
land of wheat and barley, of vines, figs, and ^h3 n''j3K "i\z;k y"iK n3 "73 -ipnn-k'7
pomegranates, a land of olive trees and honey;
n^3K"iio -.nvj'ni 3ynn nnnrDpi
9a land where you may eat food without stint,
-bv '^'n'7K mn^-riK n3n3T nvûi']
where you will lack nothing; a land whose rocks
:^b-]n;i '^\ui<. rr^vri y-iKn
are iron and from whose hills you can mine cop-
per. lOWhen you have eaten your fill, give thanks '^•'ri'7K nin^-riK n3U7n-]3 "^b "Dawn ii
to the Lord your God for the good land which vri^n) vv^\ijm i^niYp inu; ^nb^h
He has given you. 73X^-1512 :UVr[ ^lYp "ipJK IWK
iiTake care lest you forget the Lord your :ri3\f7^"i nnn n''3'u "'n3i nv^\u)
God and fail to keep His commandments. His -n3~iT 3rin 1^031 13
]^3'i'' '"^Jkyi îj^ni
rules, and His laws, which I enjoin upon you
T|33'7 D"1T 14 :
n3-!T ^"p'^lU^K b:i'] "^b
today. ' 2When you have eaten your fill, and have
^K-'yDarr ^'n'7K nin^-riK nn3\^"!
built fine houses to live in, '-''and your herds
and flocks have multiplied, and your silver and •^3^^1)3:1 15 : D"'73i7 n^sip anyp y'^K^2
gold have increased, and everything you own ^^"w I \ijm Knl3ni bi}ri 1 "i3~r)33
has prospered, i4beware lest« your heart grow K"'yl)3ri D"')p"pK ^^\LiK pKJpyi 3ni7i;'!
haughty and you forget the Lord your God

who freed you from the land of Egypt, the house
of bondage; Swho led you through the great and
'
terrible wilderness with its seraphic serpents and

scorpions, a parched land with no water in it.
a Heb. pen moved down from v. 12 for clarity,
b See note at Num. 21.6.
393
ORAM DEUTERONOMY 8.15 ekev npy n D'î:!! n-nn
who brought forth water for you from the flinty

Kick; '^who fed you in the wilderness with
manna, which your fathers had never known, i-^nnriK^ "qnuTi'? -^riDJ iv'p'^t "^ri^y
in order to test you by hardships only to benefit
vou in the end — 'ând you say to yourselves,
mn^-riK niDn i8 imn '7"'nri-nK ''b
"
My own power and the might of my own hand
have won this wealth for me." '^Remember that
b-'n nwvb na ji'7
]mn Kin ""s ']''tibi<^
it is the Lord your God who gives you the power vnu/riu/K inns-riK D"'i7n ]V'nb
to get wealth, in fulfillment of the covenant that

He made on oath with your fathers, as is still
the case.
I'Îf you do forget the Lord your God and fol-
low other gods to serve them or bow down to
them, warn you this day that you shall certainly

I
perish; '"like the nations that the Lord will
cause to perish before you, so shall you perish

3 : ^'ri'^K mn"" "rlpn i^ypu/n i<b
because you did not heed the Lord your God.
y Hear, O Israel! You are about to cross the
Jordan to go in and dispossess nations greater

and more populous than you: great cities with
nnyni rii^\ any 7|)3?3 D^p^y"!
walls sky-high; 2a people great and tall, the
nu;K Q"'i7Jy ""Jii ")) "îir^V - ' Q"*^^?
Anakites, of whom you have knowledge; for you
have heard it said, "Who can stand up to the
children of Anak?" ''Know then this day that
'^yh^ r\\rv.
"''3
ni^n nviî ^
:
pji? ^^
none other than the Lord your God is crossing Kin r^bri)^ u/k ^'JQ^ -i3vn-Kin
at your head, a devouring fire; it is He who will Driu/iim '^y^b dv^d^ Kim dt^^w;!
wipe them out. He will subdue them before you, \^^ mm -ini nu/K3 "inn nrnnKm
that you may quickly dispossess and destroy ^'ri'^K nin-i qinn '^'^^ inK'n-'^K-'
them, as the Lord promised you. -lAnd when
•'jK"'nn ^'ni7-|y3 Hnx"? '^"'Jd'7?p i
dhk
the Lord your God has thrust them from your
hv^"i:;iT nkTH y-iKn-riK nu/n'p mn""
path, say not to yourselves, "The Lord has en-
vb 5 : "^"'JSjp Dif/nin mni T\bkr\ n^nn
abled us to possess this land because of our vir-
tues"; it is rather because of the wickedness of
nu/n^ Kn nriK •^nnb nu;'"'^ "^niîvn
those nations that the Lord is dispossessing T\bkr\ D-'lin i nywin 'b dy-ik-j-ik
them before you. Ît is not because of your vir-

tues and your rectitude that you will be able to
possess their country; but it is because of their
wickedness that the Lord your God is dispos-
sessing those nations before you, and in order

TORAH DEUTERONOMY 9.16 ekev npy V nnim n-nn
to fulfill the oath that the Lord made to your nin:" v:ip2 •^]pi^ "in-in-nx uyn
fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
6Know, then, that it is not for any virtue of
yours that the Lord your God is giving you this
good land to possess; for you are a stiffnecked
13T" :nni< rjiy-niyp-nv \3 ^^Vl^
people. 'Remember, never forget, howyou pro-
voked the Lord your God to anger in the wil-
derness: from the day that you left the land of
Egypt until you reached this place, you have Dli7)2rT-iy b^K'^'fV nnY?p Y^.i<^
continued defiant toward the Lord. :mn^-av nn^n nnpD nin
8At Horeb you so provoked the Lord that the q^Kn"! mn-i-nK oriQvpn ninn^s
Lord was angr)' enough with )ou to have de-
^ri'7i73 9 :n3nK Tnu/n"? D33 mn^
stroyed you. H had ascended the mountain to
Timb Q^nKn rimb nnp'p nnnn
receive the tablets of stone, the Tablets of the
Covenant that the Lord had made with you,

and I stayed on the mountain fort\^ days and
forty nights, eating no bread and drinking no
water. lOAnd the Lord gave me the t^vo tablets u^nKH rimb ""JU/tik "''7K nin^
of stone inscribed by the finger of God, with the -b-DB nn'''?y'! "'rf'7K v^ykb D^nna
exact words that the Lord had addressed to you ins u:2m nin^ ini iwk nnn^n
on the mountain out of the fire on the day of
:b'rTj7n uv-^ \z;xrT 'qlna
the Assembly.
iiAt the end of those fort}' days and fort)'
nights, the Lord gave me the two tablets of

D^nKH Tinb "'^ju/tik ^bi< nin^ ]nj
stone, the Tablets of the Covenant. iÂnd the mp "^bK mn-' iwK''ii2 rnnnn nin^
Lord said to me, "Hurry, go down from here jiKYin nu/K '^?3y nnu/ ^3 n-m in?3 11
at once, for the people whom you brought out
of Egypt have acted wickedly; they have been ''7K nin*' iTpK""! 1-' :n3D?3 Dnb' w:j
quick to stray from the path that I enjoined "y njini n-rn nyn-nK ^n^K~i n'nx'?
upon them; they have made themselves a mol-
ten image." i^The Lord fiirther said to me, "I
see that this is a stiffnecked people. i^Let Me

n^.rzwn nnnn nauz-nx nriTpKi
alone and I will destroy them and blot out their :iii^)p 21) myy-û'7 "iirilK nt^VK")
name from under heaven, and I wUl make you U7KI1 -ly'n -inni irrn-]^ iikt idki 15
a nation far more numerous than they." ^l^^l 1^ : ^1? ^^^ bij nnnn nm^ ^^2m
151 started down the mountain, a mountain nû/y D3^r1'7K r[]wb DHKun mm
ablaze with fire, the two Tablets of the Covenant
in my two hands. 'Î saw how you had sinned

•Jiz/n VsriNi 1" :D3nK mn"! my—iu;x
against the Lord your God: you had made your-
selves a molten calf; you had been quick to stray
from the path that the Lord had enjoined upon
395
iORAH DEUTERONOMY 9.16 ekev npv u Dn:^"! mm
\ ou. '"Thereupon I gripped the two tablets and
tlung them away with both my hands, smashing nJu;K-|3 nSn'' •'isy^'^sjnKi '« : n^-'j-'i;'?
them before your eyes. 'Î threw myself down i<b nnb nb^b Diy^-iK") Qi"" Q-'V^-ik
before the Lord — eating no bread and drinking -"73 bv "Ti^nu; tib um^ ti'^dk
no water forty days and forty nights, as before
vnn mwi^^ nniûn iwk DDriKyn
because of the great wrong you had committed,
•'jQn •'n-ip la 19 -^xîv^nb nyrf ""rys
doing what displeased the Lord and vexing
Him. '"^For I was in dread of the Lord's fierce D3'''7y n)n'> iqyi? -iu/k n?3nrn r|Kn
anger against you, which moved Him to wipe DA -""^K n)rT> ypu/""! n^riK T')3u;n'7
\ou out. And that time, too, the Lord gave

heed to me. — -"Moreover, the Lord was angry pHK tyn-DA '^'^sjiK] iTnu/n"? ikd
enough with Aaron to have destroyed him; so --
i\z;k D5nKun-nKT2i •.K^r^^l nya
1 also interceded for Aaron at that time. 2iAs
I in'K qnu/Kf-'nni?^ '7^vrTTiK an-'tz/y
lor that sinful thing you had made, the calf, I
took it and put it to the fire; I broke it to bits

p"i—iU7ff ly 3U"'n pnu in'K nsKVu/Kn
and ground it thoroughly until it was fine as
lyn '7mrT-'7K inay-riK ^"^bvji^] •^^vb
dust, and 1 threw its dust into the brook that :-inn-]D
comes down from the mountain. niKrin nnnpni noaaT n~ji;nnm22
'-Again you provoked the Lord at Taberah, :mn"'-nK nn^n "'Qi^pJ?
and at Massah, and at Kibroth-hattaavah.
vh? ^"11?^ °^^|^^ nin"" ^"7^31 23
when Lord you on from

--"Ând
Kadesh-barnea, saying, "Go up and take pos-

the sent
'nnj n\^K y"iKn-nK wy \bv inK"?
i<b^ DDTi'^K h)ni ""QTik nnrri d3^
session of the land that I am giving you," you
:iyp:n Dny^pu; k"?*) '\b DnJipxri
flouted the command of the Lord your God;
you did not put your trust in Him and did not
obey Him. :D3ni<
24As long as I have known you, you have been
defiant toward the Lord.
23When I lay prostrate before the Lord

:n3riK T't^wnb nyi'' "i^k""*?
"those forty days and forty nights," because the
Lord was determined to destroy you, ~H prayed
r[]rT> ""jiK nnK") mn^-^K '7ânKi 26
to the Lord and said, "O Lord God, do not an-
nihilate Your very own people, whom You re-
deemed in Your majesty and whom You freed pnyb' DrT-)3K'7 ^"'l^v'? "i'^t 2- : nj^jn
from Egypt with a mighty hand. ^^Give thought nrn nyn "^ûp-bi^ ]^Pi-bi<i npy'î
to Your servants, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob,
nnK"'-iQ2H nriKun-'7NT iyu;-i-'7i<i
and pay no heed to the stubbornness of this peo-
ple, its wickedness, and its sinfulness. 2«Else the
country from which You freed us will say, 'It
11-11 /.If. "the forty dayi and forty nighti that I lay pronrate."
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 10.9 ekev ipy Dnm min
was because the Lord was powerless to bring
them He had promised them,

into the land that
and because He rejected them, that He brought umnb

•în^mi t|)3V nni29 nnnân
them out to have them die in the wilderness.'
29Yet they are Your very own people, whom You

D :n"jiuiirT
freed with Your great might and Your out- ^
stretched arm."
'^b-bvB i^K mn"" npK Kinn nya
1 f\
X \J Thereupon the Lord said to me, "Carve
out two tablets of stone like the first, and come
up to Me on the mountain; and make an ark -bv vri i\uK ann"in-nK rihbri-bv
of wood. 21 wiU inscribe on the tablets the
commandments that were on the first tablets
that you smashed, and you shall deposit them

in the ark."
31 made an ark of acacia wood and carved out

two tablets of stone like the first; I took the two nri3)33 hhbri-bv nnp"*! -i
pi^n rinbri
tablets with me and went up the mountain. ^The nnT "IU7K nnn^n nnu/y nx ilu/Knn
Lord inscribed on the tablets the same text as nvn u/KH ^lirin nn:n ^^""^^ ^V"^
on the first, the Ten Commandments that He
addressed to you on the mountain out of the
n\^K piKii nn^n-riK hiuK} "inn-])?
fire on the day of the Assembly; and the Lord
:
npT 'j^y nu7K3 nu; v^\'|^ 'ri"'u;i7
gave them to me. sThen I left and went down
from the mountain, and I deposited the tablets
in the ark that I had made, where they still are, in?;'! uvj "inj?"! pnK np nu; nnpin
as the Lord had commanded me.
^From Beeroth-bene-jaakan« the Israelites : n'frz ''7m yiK nnnu;" n"T'nArT-])pi
marched to Moserah. Aaron died there and was

buried there; and his son Eleazar became priest ^^^Yimvb mn"'-nn3 pnK-nx riKU/^
in his stead. ^Prom there they marched to
uvn ly l)3u;:n
"V^^"^ irnip^ mn"'
Gudgod,'' and from Gudgod to Jotbath, a region
nbrn) p'pn '}'7'7 n^n-Kb' ]Tbv 9 : nm
of running brooks.
8At that time the Lord set apart the tribe of
Levi to carry the Ark of the Lord's Covenant, •Ab ^'i1'7K mn^
to stand in attendance upon the Lord, and to
bless in His name, as is still the case. ^That is
why the Levites have received no hereditary por-

tion along with their kinsmen: the Lord is their
portion, as the Lord your God spoke concern-
ing them.
a Lit. "wells ofBene-jaakan"; cf. Num. 33.31-32.

b "Hor-haggidgad" in Num. 33.32-33.
397
)RAH DEUTERONOMY 10.10 ekev npv • Dnini niin
"'I had stayed on the mountain, as I did the "•3\i;K"iri n"')p^3 inn ""riipv "•p'jn") '«
first time, forty days and forty nights; and the

loRD heeded me once again: the Lord agreed nnK-k"? Kinn nyQn da •'^k mn-"
not to destroy you. 'And the Lord said to me,
'
mp '''7K nin^ "inkî " :"îT'n\i7n mn""

"Up, resume the march at the head of the peo-
-jiK my,) iKiî Dyn •>)Bb vv-nb -^b
ple, that they may go in and possess the land
that I swore to their fathers to give them."
2 -urib
'Ând now, O Israel, what does the Lord your

(iod demand of you? Only this: to revere the bi<]u "^'rf'7K mnT na bi<.'^\u^ nni/T '-
Lord your God, to walk only in His paths, to •^'n'7K nin^-HK HK-i^y-DK '3 ^?3VP
love Him, and to serve the Lord your God with
Hny^l iriK nnnK'7i V3-i^-'73n riD"?^
all your heart and soul, '-'keeping the Lord's
-"7331 '^nn'7-'733 T'n'^K mn^-nK
commandments and laws, which I enjoin upon
-riKi nin"" n'lyjp-riK inu;'7'3 :"û;3J
\ ou today, for your good. i4Mark, the heavens
'to their uttermost reaches-' belong to the Lord
nlu"? nvri -^lYn "'DJk iu/k vri^n
your God, the earth and all that is on it! '^Yet mn^^
"pu/T D"')3\i7n ^'n'^K irr-i :^b
it was to your fathers that the Lord was drawn pn nnnu/K-'?^"! yiKn
'5 : D^nii/n
in He chose you, their
His love for them, so that nniK nnnK"? mn*' ppn "^""nnKn
lineal descendants, from among all peoples as — -"73)3 D^n nnnriK nynm nnn"!
now the case. '^Cut away, therefore, the thick-
is
nbny riK unbm ^<^
:nTrT Dl^3 n^âyn
ening about your hearts and stiffen your necks
IS ' :iiy wpn i<b DDBii/i n^nnb'
no more. '"For the Lord your God is ''God su-
preme and Lord supreme,'' the great, the
•'jiKT 'rt'7Kn ^ribii. Kin n3^n'7K mn^
mighty, and the awesome God, who shows no
favor and takes no bribe, i^but upholds the np'v '« : iri\LJ npT Kb^ u^2^ kwi-k"?
cause of the fatherless and the widow, and be- lb' nnj? ^î nriKi mn'^Ki Din^ vmn
friends the stranger, providing him with food -'3 iJn-riK DnnnKT i^' -."nbrim Dn'7
and clothing. — ''^You too must befriend the
stranger, for you were strangers in the land of
i3vn in'K Kyn "^ribi^. mnTriK^"
Egypt.
"^n^nn Kin 21 : v'2\ur\ inu/ni piin im
-'JYou must revere the Lord your God: only
Him shall you worship, to Him shall you hold -jiK "^nK nu/y—lU/K T'n'7K Kim
fast, and by His name shall you swear. -'He is iK"i 1WK nbkn hKiiariTiK") riViAn
your glory and He is your God, who wrought

for you those marvelous, awesome deeds that q"'rii'7K mn-" ^nu/ nnvi nnn^^n
you saw with your own eyes. 22Your ancestors ::ilb U^-DWU "'33133
went down to Egypt seventy persons in all; and
now the Lord your God has made you as nu-
merous as the stars of heaven.
c-c Lit. "and the heaven of heavem."

d-d Lit. "the Cod of gods and the Lord of lords.'
— —
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 11.11 ekev ipv K-i Dnn min
11 Love, therefore, the Lord your God, and

always keep His charge, His laws, His rules, and -^73 vni^pT i^p3^PT T'J^pn'! i^l??^^
His commandments.
-"Take thought this day that it was not your
nwK Di-ijî-nK i(b i -"a bl^n'^nriyTT^
children, who neither experienced nor wit-
nessed the lesson of the Lord your God

D3"'ri'7K
His majesty. His mighty hand. His out-
stretched arm; ^the signs and the deeds that ly-in nj^mn n^^^ 'I'iîr^^
He performed in Egypt against Pharaoh king T'tpyjp-nKi i^nhK-riKT ? : n^^v^ri
of Egypt and all his land; ^what He did to
"^bj^ ny-irj'? d"''iv>3 "iilnn nti/y iu;k
Egypt's army, its horses and chariots; how the
Lord rolled back upon them the waters of the

Sea of Reeds when they were pursuing you,
-iu;k lipi'?! vv'wb anyp "7^^^
thus destroying them ônce and for all;-''
5what He did for you in the wilderness before "717 mn"" pK'î n^nnK ddto
you arrived in this place; ând what He did
"iii"[)3n 03^ nu;y "IU7K1 5 : n^n uvri
to Dathan and Abiram, sons of Eliab son of
-iu;k16 :n;Tri nipjiin-iv aDximi;
Reuben, when the earth opened her mouth
and swallowed them, along with their house- -]^ nx-'^K -"jn nn-inxî in"]"? nvjv
holds, their tents, and every living thing in ri"'3TiK Vi.Kn nnyQ nu/x pixi
their train, from amidst aU Israel nn"''7nx-nxi nrr^nn-nxi DV^nrn.
''but that it was you who saw with your own
nni7n rT-''7nn nii/x bip^n-'73 nxi
eyes all the marvelous deeds that the Lord per-
: '7X-|t^''-'73
formed.
mr['> nti7y)3-'73-nx rixin b^-'j-'V •'3 7
SKeep, therefore, all the Instruction that I en-
join upon you today, so that you may have the : nvjv -IU7X b'l^ri
strength to enter and take possession of the land pjx "iu;x my)3ri-'73-nx bri-i)3i^T8
that you are about to cross into and possess, bnxiT ipinri ]V)2b uvri tj^v??
9and that you may long endure upon the soil nnnv anx nu;x ynxn-nx Dri\^"!"')
that the Lord swore to your fathers to assign b^pT i3nxri ivb'piy -.^np^b n)3u;
to them and to their heirs, a land flowing with
3-'n3x^ rrrni vivjf^\uK nmxn-'?:;
milk and honey.
lopor the land that you are about to enter
:ibn nni ynx nvyb^ wnb nnb?
and
D : U;3"[1
possess is not like the land of Egypt from which
you have come. There the grain you sowed had n?3U7-x3 nnx i\uk yixn 310
to be watered by your own labors,"^ like a veg- "IU7X xin bn.YD y-ix3 x^ nnu;")^
etable garden; i^but the land you are about to %-iT-nx Wn nu7x nii/^n nnxy-'
cross into and possess, a land of hills and valleys. y-ixmii ipn^rr ]A3 "^Ânn n^^pn)
a Syntax ofHeb. uncertain,

b-b Lit. "to this day."
c Lit. "by your foot."
399
,oRAH DEUTERONOMY 11.11 ekev npv K'' D"""):!! n-nn
soaks up its water from the rains of heaven. '-It
is a land which the Lord your God looks after, -nnwn D^pwn '^v'nb hvp2^ nnn
on which the Lord your God always keeps His
eye, from year's beginning to year's end.
'
Mf, then, you obey the commandments that
D : mu; nnriK ivi niii^n *n"'u;np
I enjoin upon you this day, loving the Lord
your God and serving Him with all your heart
and soul, 'Î'' will grant the rain for your land
in season, the early rain and the late. You shall n5nn'7-'7D:i liny'?! ddtI'^k mnî-riK
gather in your new grain and wine and oil DDif-iK'ip?^ 'nnJTt :nDu;Qr'73m
'51'' will also provide grass in the fields for your
cattle —and thus you shall eat your fill. '^Take
•T]-ftf72 nu;:; ""nnji's r'^^nvi "^^'''T'ri'i
care not to be lured away to serve other gods

nnwn "^
^•i^Vi^tf/i n'7DKi 'qnpnn'?
and bow to them. '^For the Lord's anger will
flare up against you, and He will shut up the
skies so that there wiW be no rain and the ground

'"
will not yield its produce; and you will soon per- -riK lYVT n33 nin^-qK nnrn
ish from the good land that the Lord is assign- k"? HDnKri"! lujp n2rT"'-k'7'i b^Dii^n
ing to you.
isTherefore impress these My words upon

your ''very heart:'' bind them as a sign on your
nnnn^-'^V n^K nn^-nx bnuwi '«
hand and let them serve as a /-symbol on your

-bv niK^ nn'K nrinu/pT D3\z;Qr'7y"i
forehead, -"'ând teach them to your children
reciting home and when
them when you stay at
:a3"'rv I'ln n'Quiu^ vn) D3t
you are away, when you lie down and when you ns "in-1'7 D3"'j3"nK nn'K ani)?'?! '9
get up; 20and inscribe them on the doorposts
of your house and on your gates — 21 to the end ^rr'n nlnTp-'7V Dnnnpiô :"^)pii7n!
that you and your children may endure, in the m•'^ n^-'n-' inn"' ]V^b'-\ :'^"'-iy\:;m
land that the Lord swore to your fathers to as-

nniKn
mn^ ynu/j "iu/k nn^n
"71;
sign to them, as long as there is a heaven over

Dâ\i7n •'p-'D urib nn^ DD''nnK^
the earth.
--If, then, you faithfully keep all this Instruc-
tion that I command you, loving the Lord your niy)3ri-'73-nK ]nnu;n in\z;-DK'^3 2:
God, walking in all His ways, and holding fast nnu;y^ °^n^^ niy?p 'D'jk -iu/n nkTrr
to Him, -^the Lord will dislodge before you all -b:^:i riD'7'7 DD'Tl'^K n]n"'-nK nnriK"?
these nations: you will dispossess nations
greater and more numerous than you. 24Every

on which your foot treads shall be yours;
spot
Dlpjpn-b'a 2-1 : D3n n''n:^yi w^b'i^ nm
your territory shall extend from the wilderness
to the Lebanon and from the River — the
J I.e.. the U)Hiii Samaritan reads "He.'
e-e Lit. "heart anil self."
f-f See notes on 6.S.

TORAH DEUTERONOMY 12.2 reeh HK-i 31 D"'~im min
Euphrates — to the Western.? Sea. 25]SIo man nn?-"im "in^n-ijp lib^pni niiiisn-])?
shall stand up to you: the Lord your God will -k'725 tDD'pna TT'^'' llnnKH D^n ivi
put the dread and the fear of you over the
whole land in which you set foot, as He prom-
VnKrT-'7D '>i^-bv u'D^ribK nin;' 1 ]n'^
ised you.
RE'EH
26See, this day I set before you blessing and
curse: 27blessing, if you obey the command- îJr:\u^\ nu/K nD"i3rT-nK27 :r[bb\?^
ments of the Lord your God that I enjoin upon
you this day; 28and curse, if you do not obey
K^-DK n^^pni 28 iDi-in n^riK ni.yp
the commandments of the Lord your God, but
turn away from the path that I enjoin upon you
this day and follow other gods, ''whom you
have not experienced.-'' 29When the Lord your -i<h '^\UK nnriK D''rT'7K nnx n^bb
God brings you into the land that you are about nrni '"^k"'!"' ""B n^rii29 d :DriVT
to enter and possess, you shall pronounce the n)3U7-Kn nriK-nu/K y-iKn-'^K "^''ii'^k
blessing at Mount Gerizim and the curse at '^'r[-bv hDnîn-nx nnnji nnu;-)^
Mount Ebal. — -''OBoth are on the other side of
:'7n"'V '^rl-bv ribb^r^-nK) wh^
the Jordan, beyond the west road that is in
TO. ''1.D|< ni'H nnyn n)2rT-K''7n 30
the land of the Canaanites who dwell in the
^yjari y-ixn xlnn
Arabah — near Gilgal, by the terebinths of
nu/'^n u/nî/n
Moreh. : n-ip 'Jl'7K '7yK bi%r} bm nn-iys
3iFor you are about to cross the Jordan to en- kn^ n-ilin-nx annV brix •'331
ter and possess the land that the Lord your God nD"'rT'7K nin"'—1U7K y-iKn-nK nu/n^
is assigning to you. When you have occupied :nn-Drinu7ii nnk Dnu/n^T dd^ jnj
it and are settled in it, 32take care to observe all
n''j7nn-'73 nx niti/v'p Dn"!)3U7i32
the laws and rules that I have set before you
this day.
12 These are the laws and rules that you "1U7K ~n''UQU7J3rn D^'i^nn nbi^^ J
must carefully observe in the land that the Lord, nin-" ]nj °-iu;k ynAn "nwvb ]npu;n
God of your fathers, is giving you to possess,
D"')p^n-'73 nn\i7-i^ ^^ "VD"^^ V^^
as long as you live on earth.
: npiKn-b'V D"n nnx—iU7>f
2You must destroy all the sites at which the
-iu;k nl£3'p)3n-'73-nK jnnisn i3K2
nations you are to dispossess worshiped their
gods, whether on lofty mountains and on hills
nnk n"'U7i"' nnx nu/K nûn nuz-nny
g I.e., Meditcrraneiiii.
h-h I.e., who hiive not proved themselves to you; cf. Hos. 13.4.
401
DRAH DEUTERONOMY 12.2 reeh HKi n-" D^^lDI n-nn
or under any luxuriant tree. Hear down their
altars, smash their pillars, put their sacred posts
ic) the fire, and cut down the images of their

nnnyn-HK brnni^/T nnnnT^^-riK
i;ods, obliterating their name from that site.
^Do not worship the Lord your God in like
manner, ""but look only to the site that the Lord

\ our God will choose amidst all your tribes as
His habitation, to establish His name there.

"•as :D3''rT'7K mn^"? p ]wvn-i<b^
There you are to go, ând there you are to bring
\-our burnt offerings and other sacrifices, your
tithes and contributions," your votive and free- nxni lu/mn Udu/"? nu;
:n}3\f;
will offerings, and the firstlings of your herds
and flocks. 'Together with your households,
n3n-|3i DpfT npnn nxi DD^nnwyn
\ou shall feast there before the Lord your God,
happy in all the undertakings in which the Lord
\\)ur God has blessed you.
'"^You shall not act at all as we now act here, DFiK DDT nbpr^ Vd-i nrinniyi
c\ery man as he pleases, "^because you have not :']'''ribK mn^ -^p-in "i\^k ^•'nnT
\ ot come to the allotted haven that the Lord n'Q uwv iJmK -IU7K b'2'3 ]iti;yn i<b «
our God giving you. 'OWhen you cross the

\ is
-Kb '3 9 tvryn nu;^ri-'73 \u^k uvn
Jordan and settle in the land that the Lord your
-bK) nrnj)3n-'7K nny-iv nriKn
God is allotting to you, and He grants you safety
:^b ]nj ^'ri'^K mn^"iu;K ribmri
from all your enemies around you and you live
in security, 'Uhen you must bring everything

ynK3 nnnu7"'i ']'i.i''n-nK an-inyi lo
that I command you to the site where the Lord DDriK '^'njjp 3^n'7K mn""—iu/k
your God will choose to establish His name: i^nDD n3''n"'K-'73w D3^ n-'jm
your burnt offerings and other sacrifices, your -"iu;k nip)3n n-jm" : nu^-nnû;"')
tithes and contributions," and all the choice vo- lnu7 ]:ivjb 13 n3"'ri'7K mrr' nn3-'
tive offerings that you vow to the Lord. '-And
^JK "I\Z;K-'73 riK 1K''3n ttbvj UVJ
you shall rejoice before the Lord your God with
n3"'n3n D3-'n'7iy Q^riK my?3
your sons and daughters and with your male
-in3?p ^^31 D31;' njp-im b3''rinu7V'?
and female slaves, along with the Levite in your
settlements, for he has no territorial allotment
annnu/i '2 -.mrr^b mn iu;k n3nij
among you. b3^J3T DJiK b3Tl'7K mn"" ^:^b
'^Take care not to sacrifice your burnt ^'>^br[^ 3^nnaKi D3-'-i3yi n3^riJ3i
offerings in any place you like, ''but only in the nb'riJT pbn i"? i^k ^3 D3nyu;3 "iwk
place that the Lord will choose in one of your
tribal territories. There you shall sacrifice your
-b2:ii T'n'7V n'7i;rT]3 "^b ^^r2\u^\ 13
burnt offerings and there you shall observe all
Dli7)33-DK
ii/'/i •'3 'I : HKin lU/K DIpW
that 1 enjoin upon you. '
"^But whenever you de-
a Lit. "the contribiilionm ol your haiiils.

TORAH DEUTERONOMY 12.26 reeh HK-i n-- D''"i:n n-nn
sire, you may slaughter and eat meat in any of

your settlements, according to the blessing that
the Lord your God has granted you. The un-

clean and the clean alike may partake of it, as
of the gazelle and the deer.'' '^But you must not

nlnurn xnun ^nvuz-'^Dn '^~\ni
partake of the blood; you shall pour it out on
iib D-in pn.ift :'7;|K31 ^n:^3 la^DK''
the ground like water.
iTYou may not partake in your settlements of
the tithes of your new grain or wine or oil, or
of the firstlings of your herds and flocks, or of ^jKyi ^npn n'-i33i ^nnyî ^\:^'"i''rTi
any of the votive offerings that you vow, or of

your freewill offerings, or of your contribu-
lii^DK'n ^'h'^k mn"'°"'jQ'7-nK î) 18 :"?)ii
tions. « i^These you must consume before the
nriK ^2~T'n'7K mn"' nnn;' lu/Kbipjan
Lord your God in the place that the Lord your
God will choose —you and your sons and your
daughters, your male and female slaves, and the
Levite in your settlements — happy before the -riK nTi7n-]3 i^ ^"nm ly -.^y^ n'7U77?
Lord your God in all your undertakings. i^Be

sure not to neglect the Levite as long as you live ^'q'p^nrnK '^''rfî^ mn^ nTiii'-'a 20
in your land. -'3 "iti/n n'^^K n-iDKi "q^'înT -iu7K3

20When the Lord enlarges your territory, as
Û7DJ nm-'733 nw3 '73k'7 û/dj mNn
He has promised you, and you say, "I shall eat
ipjpn "^jan prn^-'3 2i :nti;3 '^pK'n
some meat," for you have the urge to eat meat,
you may eat meat whenever you wish. 2ilf the

"uuj \mj u^tjb^'^b^ n.F^ ^nn"! iu/k
place where the Lord has chosen to establish nin"" ]nj "i\z;k "^jkyjpt Îp^J? Jjinnn
His name is too far from you, you may slaughter ^733 ^nyu73 nh•2K^ *'?iri"'i^ nu/K? "^
any of the cattle or sheep that the Lord gives ^nyn-riK '73k:' ^^><? "H^
-- '•
"^^^^ ^)^
you, as I have instructed you; and you may eat -linuri") Knun i::'73Kn ]3 '7jKrT-nKT
to your heart's content in your settlements.
VSK ^^ri'73'7 pin p-123 :îl'73K"' T\ni
22Eat it, however, as the gazelle and the deer are
'73Kn-K'71 \i7Q|rT K^H D^H ^S uhr[
eaten: the unclean may eat it together with the
-bv ia'73Kn K'724 iiu/nn-Dy u;D|n
clean. 23But make sure that you do not partake
of the blood; for the blood is the life, and you iJi'73Kn K'725 :n^)33 iii33\;7n y^Kn
must not consume the life with the flesh. 24You nti7i;n-'3 '^nnK "T'J3'7T t]'? 3U" ]y??^
must not partake of it; you must pour it out on -.Tirn.-', ^pvi nu/^n
the ground like water: 25you must not partake Ki^n ^nijT ^'7 i^n^--iiz/K "^ûîp p^. 26
of it, in order that it may go well with you and

with your descendants to come, for you will be
doing what is right in the sight of the Lord.
26But such sacred and votive donations as you
b I.e., animals that may be eaten (cf. 14.5; Lex: 1 1.1 ff.), but not
specified (Lev. 1.1 ff.).
403
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 12.26 reeh HKi n-i D^nini min
may have 'shall be taken by you-' to the site that -.nyi'' -inn-"—iWN Dlp)3n-'7K nxni
the Lord will choose. 27You shall offer your n:^m-bv D'lrT'i "itpnn ''^''nby n'>pv'\ 27
burnt ofterings, both the flesh and the blood,

on the altar of the Lord your God; and of your
:'7pKn nu/nrn ^^n'7K mn^
other sacrifices, the blood shall be poured out
on the altar of the Lord your God, and you shall
•^"'jn'pT "q"? nu-iT ]vnb 7|iv>3 ""DJk ^^\UK
eat the flesh.
-**Be careful to heed all these commandments

that I enjoin upon you; thus it will go well with
\ (HI and with your descendants after you for-
ever, for you will be doing what is good and right nîAn-JiN ^'n'^K nin"" n-'-)Di-^3 29
in the sight of the Lord your God.
:DY-!K3 nnu/î DHK npy^ "^"'.^3^

-''When the Lord your God has cut down be-
fore you the nations that you are about to enter

Dn"'rf'7K^ u;n-|n-]QT ^'JEin "ipii^n
and dispossess, and you have dispossessed them
and settled in their land, ôbeware of being lured nK n^KH "Un liny^ hd^k i^Kb'
into their ways after they have been wiped out -k'?-'! :"'JK-D3i ]3-nU7i;K1 DriTl'7K
before you! Do not inquire about their gods, nnyin-'73'"'3 '^"'n'?^ riyi^b ]3 nu/yn
saying, "How did those nations worship their n^ '3 nri"'rf'7K'7 wv KJti/ iwk nin-i
gods? I too will follow those practices." ^lYou
WKn ^^^^p^ u'r['>nn-nK) bri"'J3-nK
shall not act thus toward the Lord your God,
ni^K n3in-'73 riK Dn"'ri'7K'7
for they perform for their gods every abhorrent
:
^^
act that the Lord detests; they even offer up their
^ ^'^"^ ^^^ daughters in fire to their gods. i;"!:in Kb) vbv n^^"^'^ ^"^^vb
1
X w^' 'Be careful to observe only that which
1 enjoin upon you: neither add to it nor take Di^n aVn Ik k^3J ^^3"ip3 mi7^-'3 2
away from it.

niKH K3T ' : nsln iK niK ^•'^k ]nji
-If there appears among you a prophet or a
n^'^j ijpK'? "^^^K -iBi-î^K nDl?3rn
dream-diviner and he gives you a sign or a por-
nnyT"i<^ i^>< D''"inK n^ribii. nriN
tent, -'saying, "Let us follow and worship an-
"n3T'7K ynu/n k"?* iDinyjT
other god" —whom you have not experienced" i<s^:i:ir\
—even if the sign or portent that he named to

•3 i<.^^[rl Dib'nn D'7ln-'7K ik Kirtn
you comes true, "^do not heed the words of that nyi^ D^riK b3''n'7K mn-" hdjd
prophet or that dream-diviner. For the Lord -'733 n3"'r1'7K mn"'-nKb"'3n'K D3\yrt
your God is testingyou to see whether you really mn-" nriK^ :D3\:7Qr'73m DDnn"?
love the Lord your God with all your heart and vniyn-riKT mi^n in'Ki i3'7n d3Tt'7n
soul. 5Follow none but the Lord your God, and
revere none but Him; observe His command-
c-c Lit. "you shall pick up ami come.
II Str note on I I.2H.
404
" —
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 13.16 reeh HK-i r D''~i:2"F mm
ments alone, and heed only His orders; worship

none but Him, and hold fast to Him. Âs for 'nb'n Ik Kinn Kinani^ tiipinin
that prophet or dream-diviner, he shall be put -bv nnonBi ^3 nibv Kinn n'\bn'ri
to death; for he urged disloyalty to the Lord
y"iK)3 D^riK K^YDan ti:3"'rT'7K mn;"
—who
I
your God freed you from the land of

^^n-'-in^ Q""!?^ ^^^P ^^l^ni nn^P
Egypt and who redeemed you from the house
—
of bondage to make you stray from the path
that the Lord your God commanded you to fol-
-IK "'3 7
low. Thus you will sweep out evil from your ^Jn-'ii^ T^K"!^ "^""nK ^ri"'p^
midst. i\LJK jivn 1K î7^n n\^K i Ik "^r^^
7If your brother, ^-your own mother's son,-^'

nnnvJ") ni'^j i)pK'? nnpn "^tppJ?
or your son or daughter, or the wife of your
nriK rivi? ^^ "^^^ nnriK w^ribK
bosom, or your i^-closest friend-'' entices you in
hi^K Q"')3yri 'ri'7KD8 :'^"'n3Ki
secret, saying, "Come let us worship other
Ik '^'^k n"'nni?n DD^nn^nD
gods" —whom neither you nor your fathers
n-'i7n"!n
have experienced" — sfrom among the gods of :y-iKrT nyp-iyi ynKn nYp)3 ^)3)p
the peoples around you, either near to you or -iib) vbK vy2\un i<b^ 1^7 nnKn-K'79
distant, anywhere from one end of the earth to nD^rrk'p") '7"?3nn-K'7i T'^y ^-^îî; Dinn
the other: ^do not assent or give heed to him. "n'^nn r]-|;j ^^'^rl^) nn "'310 -.vhv
Show him no pity or compassion, and do not Di;n-'73 Ti irr'Jpn^ miu/Knn 13
shield him; '"but take his life. Let your hand be
"s nni Q-'nKn in'^ppin :m'inK3
the first against him to put him to death, and
']''ribi<. mn^ ^bvT2 "^n^^n^ u/jpn
the hand of the rest of the people thereafter.
1
1 Stone him to death, for he sought to make you
iDnny n^nn nnYTD V"!K)? •jiK^YDsn
stray from the Lord your God, who brought iDpv-K'pi liK"};!! "^^W bk'W^-b:^'i 12
you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house D :"^;îp^ n|ri ynn n3"i3 nwvb
of bondage. '2Thus all Israel will hear and be niri'' °iU7K "^ny npKî vhpn->^^^
afraid, and such evil things will not be done n'pK"? nu7 nnu;^ ^'7 ]nj ']''ribK
again in your midst.

in"'"!;'! ^3ni?)3''7V^'73-'J3 ''U/JK IKY^ 14
i3If you hear it said, of one of the towns that

npyji TTJb^ i)3Kb? uyv "'3\p'"'-nK
the Lord your God is giving you to dwell in,
:DJni;T"><'^ ^W^ nnriK D"'rf'7K
i4that some scoundrels from among you have
gone and subverted the inhabitants of their
mn") 3U''ri nbKû) nipni nipiiTis
town, saying, "Come let us worship other riKTn nnyinn nnu/yj ni^n ]13J njpK
gods" —whom you have not experienced -i-iyn •'3u;';'-nK nsn nsni^ :'?i3"ip3
i5you shall investigate and inquire and inter-
rogate thoroughly. If it is true, the fact is
established — that abhorrent thing was perpe-

trated in your midst — '^put the inhabitants of
b-b Samaritan reads, "the son of your father or the son of your
mother.
c-c Lit. "your friend who is as yourself."
405
,oRAH DEUTERONOMY 13.16 reeh riKi p D"""!:!! n-nn
that town to the sword and put its cattle to the TIKI i^n'i< ninn nnn-'a'? K-inn Kinn
sword. Doom it and all that is in it to destruc- :n"i.n-'Q'7 nnpna-riKi nn-iu;N-'73
tion: ''gather all its spoil into the open square, nnn-! 'qin-'7K ynpn n^b\u-b:2-nK^ 17
and burn the town and all its spoil as a holocaust

n^Û7-'73-nKT -i-iyn-riK u/kn nDiu/i
to the Lord your God. And it shall remain an
D^ly "7^ nn^ni "^""TibK mn^'p b^^3
everlasting ruin, never to be rebuilt. "*Let noth-
ing that has been doomed stick to your hand,

•t]T3 p^T-k"?") i«
:"TiV '^.^^^ ^^
in order that the Lord may turn from His blaz- mn^ 2W1 w^b Dnnri-]n nnixp
ing anger and show you compassion, and in His •^pniT D^Dni "^^'inJi iqk linnn
compassion increase you as He promised your '3 1'^ :"îrinK'7 ynu/j ~iu;k3 "^nim
fathers on oath — •'^for you will be heeding the
Lord your God, obeying all His command- nvri '3JK "iwK T'niyn-'73
"îiyp
ments that I enjoin upon you this day, doing
D : ^•'n'^K npT •'j-'i;^ -i\i;^n nw:jb
what is right in the sight of the Lord your God.
14 You are children of the Lord your God.

You shall not gash yourselves or shave the front ]"'5 nnii? i)3"'\^n-k'7T n-|'jrin Kb
of your heads because of the dead. ^For you are
ny['>b r[r[i<. u/nj? uv i^^-.nrib ug-'rv
a people consecrated to the Lord your God: the
\b nl'in'? nin"' inn ^^2^ "?i\n'7K
Lord your God chose you from among all other
peoples on earth to be His treasured people.
''i$-bv -iu;k D^?3Vi7 ^"^"^ ^%^ °-^^
^You shall not eat anything abhorrent. ^These

D :nniKn
are the animals that you may eat: the ox, the njpnnn riKH :nnyin-'73 '7pKn iib^
sheep, and the goat; 5^ the deer, the gazelle, the : D"'-Ti; np) D"'nu;3 nu; -\w i'73Kn -iu/k
roebuck, the wild goat, the ibex, the antelope, iKrn ip'>i'] ii?Ki "n)pn?i ""nvi bii<.o
the mountain sheep, ând any other animal that no-is npiDn n)pri3-'73'i 6 :"i)3n
has true hoofs which are cleft in two and brings
up the cud — such you may eat. ''But the fol-
i<b nrriK "^k" :^'73kn nn'K nnnnn
lowing, which do bring up the cud or have true
hoofs which are cleft through, you may not eat:

noiBH 'pnDJsm niArr ''pvjpD ^b2i<n
the camel, the hare, and the daman for al-— -riKi nnnKn-JiKT "^mrr-riK nvioi^/rr
though they bring up the cud, they have no i<b noiDT n)3n nnA n'pvn-'D ]D\^n
true hoofs — they unclean you; are for 'âlso T'lnn'-nKTH :dd^ dh d^kdu lonnn
the swine — although has true hoofs,
for it it
K?pu !^1^ k'^T i<.^^ nois DnD?p-'3
does not bring up the cud — unclean you. for
is
Dn'pnm i'73kn Kb D-ju/nip dd'p k^h
You shall not eat of their flesh or touch their
D :^vm Kb
carcasses.
b3 D^Tan -IWK '7'3)3 l'73Kn ni-HK ^'
"^These you may eat of all that live in water:
you may eat anything that has fins and scales.
a A tuimber of then- cn-titura catitwt he ulcntified with irrtuinty.
406
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 14.26 reeh HK-i Ti D"'"in n-nn
lOBut you may not eat anything that has no fins
and scales: it is unclean for you.

1 'You may eat any clean bird, ^The following i
D :U2b Kin KpU

you may not eat: "the eagle, the vulture, and the
~iu;k nn 12 :i'7DKn ninu -iisy-'ân
black vulture; i^the kite, the falcon, and the buz-
zard of any variety; iêvery variety of raven;
: n^jjiym D"!|im -iu;jn nna ib'DKh-k'p
i5the ostrich, the nighthawk, the sea guU, and
: T\p)2b nîm n^Kn-riKT riKyi) 13
the hawkof any variety; i^the little owl, the great nn nxT 15 :lrn'7 ^"^V"'?? î^V"^
owl, and the white owl; i^the pelican, the bus- -riKi iqn\z;n-nKi Dpnnn-riKi niviiri
tard, and the cormorant; '^the stork, any variety qiii/j^n-nKi oisn-riK i^ iinjîn^ y;iri
of heron, the hoopoe, and the bat.

nannn-riKi nxipmi- :n)3\^jrim
19A11 winged swarming things are unclean for
nrp^ nDJKni ni^'Dnm is : '^'pî/n-nKi
you: they may not be eaten. 20Y0U may eat only
clean winged creatures.
21Y0U shall not eat anything that has died a

K^ U2b Mn Kpu qiyn yiu; ^Vdt 19
natural death; give it to the stranger in your :^'7pKn linU qli7-'73 20 :l'7pKT
community to eat, or you may sell it to a for- -"iWK -)ib n^nr'73 ib'DKh k'721
eigner. For you are a people consecrated to the npj^ h^jp iK nb2K} mjriji "^nyu/n
Lord your God. ']''TibK n}wb nriK ^\ij'\ip^ av ""S

Q :1)3K n'7nn n^ '^liJnn-K'?
22Y0U shall set aside every year a tenth part

\i;"|T nK^nn-'73 nx "iti^v^ "it^V^^
of all the yield of your sowing that is brought
from the field. 23You shall consume the tithes
I ''2Bb n^DKi 23 : njii7 n2\u nit^rr K^'^'ri
of your new grain and wine and oil, and the ]3u;^ nnn''—lU/K Di|7?3n '^''TibK mni
firstlings of your herds and flocks, in the pres-
ence of the Lord your God, in the place where r[K'i'>b iiabn ]V'nb •^Jky"! ^-ij?:? rinbai
He will choose to establish His name, so that 24 :nin^rT-b'3 'T'n'7K mn"'-nK
-•"pi
you may learn to revere the Lord your God for-
'inxti/ ^'75in Kb -is ^-i-in i\Tzr2 ni'ii
ever. 24Should the distance be too great for you,
rryni nnn^ -iu;k Dip)3n ~^^n pni:'-"'3
should you be unable to transport them, be-
cause the place where the Lord your God has
mn^ 3]?"!3T '3 up m\u mt^^ "Vtjbi^.
chosen to establish His name is far from you 'rjpsn niYi c]D33 nririJi25 :']'^ribi<^
and because the Lord your God has blessed

you,^ 25you may convert them into money. "'^bn c]p3n nnnji26 :i3 ^•'ri'^K mn""
Wrap up money and take it with you to the
the
l^bi iK'ynT ni733 ûj^2 niKn-iiyN
place that the Lord your God has chosen, 26and
spend the money on anything you want cattle, —

sheep, wine, or other intoxicant, or anything
you may desire. And you shall feast there, in the
b I.e., with abundant crops.
407
ORAH DEUTERONOMY 14.26 re'eh HKi Ti D"'~l!n n-nn
presence of the Lord your God, and rejoice with

your household.
-"But do not neglect the Levite in your com-
munity, for he has no hereditary portion as you
have. -**'"-Every third year' you shall bring out
the full tithe of your yield of that year, but leave
it within your settlements. -'^Then the Levite,
:"^nyu;n nmm Kinn miiâ "^riKnn
who has no hereditary portion as you have, and
the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow in
your settlements shall come and eat their fill, ^'ri'^K mni '"^^-inT ]vi2b lynu/i ^b2K^
so that the Lord your God may bless you in all
the enterprises you undertake.
15 Every seventh year-" you shall practice

remission of debts. -This shall be the nature of nfri^bvi-b^ uinu; huwii/n nil nn2
the remission: every creditor shall remit the due
that he claims from his fellow; he shall not dun
-DK 3 : mn*'^ nupu/ ^li?"""? vriKTiKi
his fellow or kinsman, for the remission pro-
claimed is of the Lord. ^You may dun the for-
Ti^nK-riK "?[)> r['>r\^ n\^Ki mn nD^n
eigner; but you must remit whatever is due you
from your kinsmen.
iThere shall be no needy among you — since "^""Ti^K mn"" hu/K pkii nin'' ''?]3"i.3;'
the Lord your God will bless you in the land
that the Lord your God is giving you as a he-
reditary portion — 5if only you heed the Lord

•^^yn "'pJK -iu;k nkfn my?3n-'73-nK
your God and take care to keep all this Instruc-
-iu;k3 "^31.3 '\''nbi<^ nrn'^-i^f^ :ni^n
tion that I enjoin upon you this day. ^For the
Lord your God He has prom-
will bless you as
ii'^ Dîis nbpm uiyn
but require none yourself; you will dominate V : ^b'\u'n•'
many nations, but they will not dominate you.

"If, however, there is a needy person among
you, one of your kinsmen in any of your set-
Y^\?n i<b^ i\2:ib-ni<> y)3Kn k^ "^b
tlements in the land that the Lord your God
n'n3-"'3'^ :pp^^^ Tf^^'? ^T'^^
is giving you, do not harden your heart and
•'T i3U''3i;n b3yrn 1^ ^T?'^^ nnsri
shut your hand against your needy kinsman.
** Rather, you must open your hand and lend him
^"7 "inwrr^ -Ab ipn^ "iu/k inunn
sufficient for whatever he needs. ''Beware lest
you harbor the base thought, "The seventh year,
c-c Lit. "After a period of three yean"; cf. Oeut. 26. 12.
aa Cf. 14.28.
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 15.22 re'eh HK-i iu 'lin min
the year of remission, is approaching," so that

you are mean to your needy kinsman and give
him nothing. He will cry out to the Lord against ]inj 10 : Kun ^n wri) r[)r[^-bK ^'^'^bv
you, and you will incur guilt. lOGive to him
readily and have no regrets when you do so,
for in return the Lord your God will bless you

in all your efforts and in all your undertakings.
"Bii :T)T nh\U72 tol "^ti/Vn-te
11 For there will never cease to be needy ones ]2-bv ynxn nnj^n p^^K bjni-i(b
in your land, which is why I command you:
open your hand to the poor and needy kinsman
in your land. nhnyn Ik nnvii ^^riK "^^ i?)2:'-'3 12
i-If a fellow Hebrew, man or woman, is sold
to you, he shall serve you six years, and in the
seventh year you shall set him free. i3When you

:ni7n i3n'7u;n i<b "^mri "'i^Qn
set him free, do not let him go empty-handed:
i^Furnish him out of the flock, threshing floor,
and vat, with which the Lord your God has -]rin q^rr'^K mn^ ji^nn n\i7K "^np^ni
blessed you. iSBear in mind that you were slaves Dnyp y"iK3 h-'^n iny -"s n-ipn 15 -Ab
in the land of Egypt and the Lord your God •jj^yp "ipJK ]Tbv ']''iibK mw ^â")
redeemed you; therefore com-
I enjoin this
:ni^rT nm nn"irT-nK
mandment upon you today.
i]73V)? ><2fK i<b î^K nnK'-'-^s n^ni le
i^But should he say to you, "I do not want
1^ niu-'3 ^n^n-riKi "^nrtK '3
to leave you" — for he loves you and your house-
:i])3i;
hold and is happy with you — i^you shall take

1JTK3 nnnjT yy-i)3n-nK nnp^v^
an awl and put it through his ear into the door, înipK"? tqKT D^îy iny î^ n^m n^-i3i
and he shall become your slave in perpetuity.
Do the same with your female slave, i^when -|i3u; -]2p hm-n ""ij
"q)3vp Vsn in'K
you do set him free, do not feel aggrieved; for '^•'n'7K mn;' ^'^3"13T d-'ju; ]ij]ij 311347
in the six years he has given you double the serv-
Q •.Tiwvn iu;k "733
ice of a hired man. Moreover, the Lord your
God will bless you in all you do.
'TlJK'pT ^1i?;i? "^bv °-l\i;X -ll33n-'73 19
i^You shall consecrate to the Lord your God h"3i7n Kb "^^rf^K mn"''? U7"'"ipn "iStn
all male firstlings that are born in your herd and °"'JQ^ 20 : ^jk'Y -Il33 Un i<b) "^"IW 1333
in your flock: you must not work your firstling nli7533 mu73 m\f7 iii'73Kn ^^rf'7K n^w
ox or shear your firstling sheep. 20You and your -'3') 21 :'^rT'3T nriK mn"' -in3:'-"iu/K
household shall eat it annually before the Lord V} mn b-2 i\v Ik nDS mn 13 n^ri"^
your God in the place that the Lord will choose.
'^ny\^3 22 :"^"'r1'7K rirn^b iiin3Tn k^
21 But if it has a defect, lameness or blindness,
any serious defect, you shall not sacrifice it to
the Lord your God. 22Eat it in your settlements,
409
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 15.22 reeh HK-i ^v D"'"i:n n-nn
the unclean among you no less than the clean,

just like the gazelle and the deer. 230nly you
must not partake of its blood; you shall pour
it out on the ground like water.
16 Observe the month" of Abib and offer IV

a passover sacrifice to the Lord your God, for
it was in the month'' of Abib, at night, that the
Lord your God freed you from Egypt. -You

shall slaughter the passover sacrifice for the
inif/ mn^ inn^-"iu;N h^prp2.
]3\ub
Lord your God, from the flock and the herd,
n'>)2i nv^w ynn vbv b'Dkn-k'? u\u 3
where the Lord
:
in the place will choose to es-
tablish His name. -''You shall not eat anything litsnn la -"jV dpi'? nlY)p r'7y-'73kn
leavened with it; for seven days thereafter'' you nii-riK nijTn ivip'? nn.yn yiKn hky^
shall eat unleavened bread, bread of distress •.']''jn '}?T b'2 Dnyn y"iK)3 "^riK^^
for you departed from the land of Egypt
hurriedly — so that you may remember the day
of your departure from the land of Egypt as long
as you live, -ipor seven days no leaven shall be
inxn nD|n-nK nni'? 'rnin k"??
found with you in all your territory, and none
of the flesh of what you slaughter on the evening
'3°6 :"r]^ ]rij "^""TibK mn^nu/K "^ny^
of the first day shall be left until morning.
5You are not permitted to slaughter the pass-
over sacrifice in any of the settlements that the :Dny?3X] "^riK2< lym u/nibn Kins
Lord your God is giving you; ^but at the place
"inn"' -iWK nipjpn n'^DKT n'î^^m"
where the Lord your God will choose to estab-
nn'prn ipiin n•>2^^ in "^""TibK mn^
lish His name, there alone shall you slaughter
niyn b2i<r\ n^p^ nu/u/n : "Ti-i'^rTK'?
the passover sacrifice, in the evening, at sun-
down, the time of day when you departed from ^b "^'n'^K r^'yn^b Vinyy "'V^'nii^rT Dl^ni
Eg^'pt. "You shall cook and eat it at the place

that the Lord your God will choose; and in the 'u7)p"in bnr\n "^b-^Bvn nVnu; nynu; ">
morning you may start back on your journey :nlynu; nynu; -i^vb "711]^ nnpn
home. 'Âfter eating unleavened bread six days,
nop "^"'rf'7K nrn^b niynu; ah rriu/y") 10
you shall hold a solemn gathering' for the Lord

your God on the seventh day: you shall do no
work.
'^You shall count off seven weeks; start to
count the seven weeks when the sickle is first
put to the standing grain. '"Then you shall ob-
.1 Cf. Exod. IX-I: 2J,/5; .U.IH.

"
h Lit. 'upon it.
1 Sec note ill Lc\'. 2.^. 36.
410
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 16.20 shofetim n-'UQiu/ Tu Dnm min
serve the Feast of Weeks for the Lord your God,

offering your freewill contribution according as
the Lord your God has blessed you. 1

1 You shall
rejoice before the Lord your God with your son
and daughter, your male and female slave, the
nyr' hnn^ nu/K Dipjpn ^nnpin nu/K
Levite in your communities, and the stranger,
the fatherless, and the widow in your midst,

at the place where the Lord your God will -riK n^pv) n'^'l2^j^ nnynin n"';'ri
choose to establish His name. i^Bear in mind Q :n'7Kri ""i^nn

that you were slaves in Egypt, and take care to
obey these laws.

i3After the ingathering from your threshing
floor and your vat, you shall hold the Feast of
Booths for seven days. 14You shall rejoice in
your festival, with your son and daughter, your

male and female slave, the Levite, the stranger,
the fatherless, and the widow in your commu-

nities. i5You shall hold a festival for the Lord : nptp "qK n"';in'i
your God seven days, in the place that the Lord '?]"iiDr'73 HKT n5\i73 I 'pys \u'\b\LJ 16
will choose; for the Lord your God will bless

-inn^ "iu;Kblp735 ^'n'7K nrni ""JSTik 1
all'^ your crops and all your undertakings, and

you shall have nothing but joy.
i6Three times a year — on the Feast of Un-

leavened Bread, on the Feast of Weeks, and on
q"'n'7K mn-< na-ins n^ njripa uz-'k 17
the Feast of Booths — all your males shall appear

before the Lord your God in the place that He
will choose. They shall not appear before the
Lord empty-handed, '^but each with his own
gift, according to the blessing that the Lord
your God has bestowed upon you.
SHOFETIM
I8Y0U shall appoint magistrates and officials •qni7\i7-'7D2i '"q^'iriri nnuu/i uyû) is
for your tribes, in all the settlements that the
Lord your God is giving you, and they shall gov-

ern the people with due justice. '^You shall not
njpri-k'7i 'JQ T'sn k^ U3u;)3 nun
judge unfairly: you shall show no partiality; you
shall not take bribes, for bribes blind the eyes
of the discerning and upset the plea of the just.
20Justice, justice shall you pursue, that you may
f/ Lit. "yon in all.'
411
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 16.20 shofetim nûaiu; tu D'^lill n-nn
thrive and occupy the land that the Lord your mrT^'lU/K yikriTlK J^W"1^1 n;'nn
God is giving you.
- 1 You shall not set up a sacred post —any kind
of pole beside the altar of the Lord your God
that you may make — 22or erect a stone pillar;
mn"' KJt^ ~iu;k nns^)? y^p D-'pn-K'pi 22
for such the Lord your God detests.
17 You shall not sacrifice to the Lord your

God an ox or a sheep that has any defect of a
serious kind, for that is abhorrent to the Lord
your God.
"iu;x ^""iv^ "fpKn "^nipn Ky)2^-'3 2

2If there is found among you, in one of
the settlements that the Lord your God is giv-
ing you, a man or woman who has affronted ^"'rib'K-nin'' •'^vn vnrrnK nu/v;' -iu;k
the Lord your God and transgressed His wribK iny;') -i^î-^ :innn iny^
covenant — -''turning to the worship of other ni'ib Ik I
^rifb) urib innu;"! nnriN
gods and bowing down to them, to the sun or -.•^n^^y-iib "IU7K D"')p\i7n Kny-'?^'? 1k
the moon or any of the heavenly host, some-
mm nu"'n nu/iii nvnipi ^"7-1^:11
thing I never commanded — ''and you have
-i
riK-Tn nnyinn nnu/yj nn^n ]13J n)pK

been informed or have learned of it, then you
°1K Kifin \:;"'Kn-nK nKYlni 5 : '7K"it^"'3
shall make a thorough inquiry. If it is true,
the fact is established, that abhorrent thing was -li'in-riK iu;y -iu;k Kinn nii^KriTiK
perpetrated in Israel, 5you shall take the man Ik u/^'KH-riK ?inyu7-'7K n-in yin
or the woman who did that wicked thing out :inj3i n-'jnK:? QJ^';'i?pi nwKn-riK
to the public place, and you shall stone them, any r[\uh\u 1k a-'iv d^ju; i •'p-hv(>
man or woman, to death. ('A person shall be
:inK IV ''B'bv rnizv k^ nan ni2V
put to death only on the testimony of two or
irripn^ njWKnn in-n:^rTri anvn m
more" witnesses; he must not be put to death
— yin ri-iv?i nj"inK3 nyn-'^B mi
on the testimony of a single witness. ''Let the
hands of the witnesses be the first against him

to put him to death, and the hands of the rest I
nmi^n UBU/Kj"? ini -âja k'73'' '>2»
of the people thereafter. Thus you will sweep nm vi^b ViJ i^^ni ]-'ib ]"'"i"i"'3 Di"?
out evil from your midst. DipDn-'^K n^bv) nnpi "^nyî/n nnn
''If a case is too baffling for you to decide, be HKnT^ :ln '^''Tibif. nrn'> nnn"" iu;k
it a controversy over homicide, civil law, or
assault — matters of dispute in your courts

you shall promptly repair to the place that the
a Lit. "three."
41
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 17.20 shofetim 1U3W !> D''"in n-nn
Lord your God will have chosen, ând appear

before the levitical priests, or the magistrate in
charge at the time, and present your problem.
When they have announced to you the verdict
nu7K Kinn Dli7)3ri-])3 "^b ^yp_ i\^k
in the case, lOyou shall carry out the verdict that
nu7K '733 nWvb nnn^f/i np;' -inn^
is announced to you from that place that the
-'7V1 ^ni"' "lU^K nninn ^^-bv h ^.^^'^v
Lord chose, observing scrupulously all their in-
structions to you. 1
1 You shall act in accordance i<b npvn •t]^ npK'-'—i\^k u3U7)3rT
with the instructions given you and the ruling pjpT •t]^ n-ijiT-iu/K nn'irT-])? men
handed down to you; you must not deviate from liirn nu/y^—iu/k u/^kni 12 : bi<'niu^
the verdict that they announce to you either to n'^]ub imri inan-^K v)2p ^r\b:ib
the right or to the left. i2Should a man act pre-
hm \jp\iJn-bK Ik '^'"'nbK mn"'-nK h\LJ
sumptuously and disregard the priest charged
-.b^'w^ri ynn nnyni xinn u/ixn
with serving there the Lord your God, or the
\]yv Kb) ixnT) iv'?^"' QJÔ"'^?^^
magistrate, that man shall die. Thus you will
D :11i7
sweep out evil from Israel: i3all the people will
hear and be afraid and will not act presump- '^'rT'7K mn^ ^^\ui<, y^kri-bK K'nri-''3 14
tuously again.
i4If, after you have entered the land that the nu/K ÛrT-'7D3 '^big ^^bv nn^t^K
Lord your God has assigned to you, and taken
nu7K '^br2 ''^•'^y D-'U/ri uw 15 :"'n3"'ap
possession of it and settled in you decide, "I
it,
wpn "qiriK nnjp.p in '^'"TibK mn*' inn;'
will set a king over me, as do all the nations about
MJ^K \''bv nnb' bii^n Kb -^big ^•q-'^y
me," iSyou shall be free to set a king over your-
self, one chosen by the Lord your God. Be sure
-k"? p. 16 : Kin ^'nK-K'p '^\PK n^j
to set as king over yourself one of your own peo- byriTiK n^'U/^-K'pi "wo^v '\b-TT2.y_
ple; you must not set a foreigner over you, one -ipK mn-") DID ninnn ivn"? njpnyp
who is not your kinsman. i^Moreover, he shall :i1i; n|n ^"i.^n :iwb ]iQpn k^ dd^
not keep many horses or send people back to inn"? nipT Kb) nÛ7j i'p'nnn^ k'?") 17
Egypt to add to his horses, since the Lord has

warned you, "You must not go back that way
nnD") iriD'pp)? kds bv irinu;3 n^m is
again." '''And he shall not have many wives, lest
nQp-"?!/ nKTn nninn nju;?p-nK )b
his heart go astray; nor shall he amass silver and
gold to excess.
Dijy nn^m 1^ : j'l'pri \3n'3ri -"jQ^jp
iswhen he is seated on his royal throne, he HKn^b nip'î ]vpb vin ^r?^~b^ ln k'1\?)
shall have a copy of this Teaching written for nn^-'73-nK -iripb^ vribK ninyriK
him on a scroll by^ the levitical priests. i^Let it n'pKrT Difpnri-nKi riKfri nninn
remain with him and let him read in it all his
viiKp inn'p-mn ^rib:ib2o •.nri\u:^b
life, so that he may learn to revere the Lord his
God, to observe faithfully every word of this
Teaching as well as these laws. ^''Thus he will
b Nuance of Heb. milliphne uncertain.
413
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 17.20 shofetim Qiuaiu/ V D"'"i:n n-iin
not act haughtily toward his fellows or deviate

from the Instruction to the right or to the left, Kin ins'pnn-S'V n-'p^ ^nK;' "]vr2b
to the end that he and his descendants may reign
long in the midst of Israel.
18 The levitical priests, the whole tribe of -73 DîVn "'Jn's'? n^pT'-k'? I I
Levi, shall have no territorial portion with Is- Wi< bi<.'W'>-uv n'pnj") pbn '>)b uû;
rael. They shall live only off the Lord's offerings -iib nbnjv :]^b2i<-' inb'mi mn^
by fire as their" portion, -and shall have no por-
in^rij Kin 'n^n^ vhk nnpn i'7-n^rT'
tion among their brother tribes: the Lord is
their portion, as He promised them.

-^This then shall be the priests' due from the
yn nK)3 nîinan U3u;n n;!^;' nn 3
people: Ever)'one who offers a sacrifice, whether
pj") nu;"DK "liifz-DK n^Tn ""nnT fikd
an ox or a sheep, must give the shoulder, the nwi'i :nni?rn n-'inVm ynTn \rj3b
cheeks, and the stomach to the priest. ^You shall "^JKY TA n^\:;K-n "î.n:^"'! "û/'Tin ^2n
also give him the first fruits of your new grain '^''TibK mn^ -inn iii "'35 ti'p-inn
and wine and oil, and the first shearing of your
nin^-DU/n n-iujb n)3V^ '^•'\32^j-b3T2
sheep. 5For the Lord your God has chosen him
D :D"'?p^n-'73 vnT Kin
and his descendants, out of all your tribes, to
be in attendance for ser\ice in the name of the
Lord for all time.

-b2'i2 Vivu' nnKW îVn Kn^-'pifi
-bîi Kni u\u "la Kinni^K bk^^p^
Îf a Levite would go, from any of the settle- -inni—iu;n Dip)3n-'7K iwsj mx
ments throughout Israel where he has been re- -733 vnbi<. nin;" Qwn n^^)' :mnT
siding, to the place that the Lord has chosen, : Dînyn Dî^n VriK
nin"" '>}^b u\LJ
he may do so whenever he pleases. ''He may
-'^V T'1?^P T?"? '^b;î<'> pbn:^ p^na
serve in the name of the Lord his God like all
D :nl3Nn
his fellow Levites who are there in attendance
before the Lord. ^They shall receive equal

shares of the dues, ''without regard to personal
nin^nwK y-iKn-'7x k3 nnK ^3^
gifts or patrimonies.-'' nw:jb ir2bn-i<b -^b ]rij T')^^
"^3 Ny)3"'-N'7 10 :nnn u-Ûn n'3i;"in3
9When you enter the land that the Lord your n^npp Dpp \:7K3 innrin Tinj/n
God is giving you, you shall not learn to imitate "130 "in'ni 1
1 : c]W3ni u/njni ]jiyn
the abhorrent practices of those nations. '"Let
:D"'n)3n-'7K wniT "'iVT'T 3iK bi<\i;'\
no one be found among you who consigns his
son or daughter to the fire, or who is an augur,

a soothsayer, a diviner, a sorcerer, "one who
casts spells, or one who consults ghosts or fa-
1 K'7n V. 20.
il Lit. 'its,' i.e.. the tribe's,
414
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 19.2 shofetim DûQiu; u^ D"""!:!! min
miliar spirits, or one who inquires of the dead.

i2For anyone who does such things is abhorrent
to the Lord, and it is because of these abhorrent mn^ uv n^nn a-ipri 13 :'^''jQ)p nniK
things that the Lord your God is dispossessing
'314
"IU7K r\bkr\ n^lJin 1 d t'^^ri'^K
them before you. i^You must be wholehearted
-'7K1 a"',3jyp-'7K nniK u/nv nriK
with the Lord your God. i^Those nations that
\ni i? iib nnisi î'p^"' Q-'jppp
you are about to dispossess do indeed resort to •^f?
soothsayers and augurs; to you, however, the :'^-'ri'7K mn"'

Lord your God has not assigned the like.
isThe Lord your God will raise up for you Via 16 :]ii;)pu;n vbK ^"'r1'7K mnT
a prophet from among your own people, like
myself; him you shall heed. i^This is just what

vh\ub iqpK k^ iWK'? ni'js
'7rTi7rT
you asked of the Lord your God at Horeb, on
the day of the Assembly, saying, "Let me not
:m)3K k^T iiy nK-iK-k'7 riKfri
hear the voice of the Lord my God any longer
or see this wondrous fire any more, lest I die."
:n3'i nu7K i3^p"'n 'hi^ mn^ n)3K''|"!i7
i^Whereupon the Lord said to me, "They have î)p3 nn-TiK nn.j^.p ur\b w'^k K^nj is
done well in speaking thus, iî will raise up a riK Drf'pK "1311 T'S3 n.3"i 'ririj'i
prophet for them from among their own peo- nu7K 'u7"'Kri n^nii9 :imK ~iu;k-'73
ple, like yourself: I will put My words in his
->mji^ "131^ "lU/K n3i-'7K vmj'^-iib
mouth and he will speak to them all that I com-
n\i7K K"'3^rT ^Kso :i)3V)3 U7'"1"[K ''3JK
mand him; iând if anybody fails to heed the
-iib nu7K riK •'p\^3 -13^ -i3"r^ in^
words he speaks in My name, I Myself will call
n"'rf'7K niy3 'î'v, 'Wk\ -i3i'7 ^'^^^
him to account. 20But any prophet who pre-
sumes to speak in My name an oracle that I did "i)pkn ipTsi -.K'Kr}:} K''33rT T\m nnriK
not command him to utter, or who speaks in -iib -WK "li-iriTiK vri ns'iK '^33^3
the name of other gods — that prophet shall n\z;3 K''3|n n3T°"i^>f22 ;r\-\r\'' n3-i
die." 2iAnd should you ask yourselves, "How Kin K13T iib^ '"rnj} n'jn-'-k'pi nin;'
can we know that the oracle was not spoken by
n3T ]nT3 mn;" i"i3i-kb' nu/K niin
the Lord?" — 22if the prophet speaks in the
name of the Lord and the oracle does not come

true, that oracle was not spoken by the Lord;
the prophet has uttered it presumptuously: do
not stand in dread of him.
19 When the Lord your God has cut down

the nations whose land the Lord your God is -nx -t)^ \r\i '^'n'^K nin^ h\pK n^lan
assigning to you, and you have dispossessed
nrinv3 n3\^î onu/")'') a^^lK
them and settled in their towns and homes, 2you
l5? '^"'pii D"'"!V ^'i'?^- :t3n''ri33i
shall set aside three cities in the land that the
415
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 19.2 shofetim Dûaiu; V D"'l^l mm
Lord your God is giving you to possess. -'You "^b ]ri^ ^'n'7K mn"' nu;><; •^y-ik înn
shall surx'ey the distances, and divide into three
parts the territory of the country' that the Lord
your God has allotted to you, so that any man-
— nnT hn-t :ny"i-'73 ttbw v^:b n^m
slayer may have a place to flee to. -^Now this
na;: -iibK 'rri ntpuj Dirn\yK n^nn
is the case of the manslayer who may flee there
and live: one who has killed another unwit-

tingly, without having been his enemy in the inyi-riK K'n^ '"iu;kt -=^
: u\i)b\u "rbnTp
past. -''For instance, a man goes with his neigh- ]no iiT nn^JT d^yv nun^ ^V'l^
bor into a grove to cut wood; as his hand swings

the ax to cut down a tree, the ax-head flies off nnK'^^K Dir Kin npi invTîK
the handle and strikes the other so that he dies.
on") n^Kn-nnvn
whri '7K:i°tq'Ti''-[3 6
That man shall flee to one of these cities and
live. — Ôtherwise, when the distance is great,
-vB\u)2 yK ^b^ vj^:i ^nsni q-i.^n nni"'
the blood-avenger, pursuing the manslayer in
hot anger, may overtake him and kill him; yet

bmr\-i2 l"? Kin xiu; i^:in any
command you: set aside three cities. "^^nrriK ^'n'îS mn^ n"'ni:'-DK'!
8And when the Lord your God enlarges your -â-riK \b ]nji "^"'nnK^ vnu;j -iu;k3
territory', as He swore to your fathers, and gives
"a 9 : Tj-'rinK'? nn^ in^ nu/K V"i.Kn
you all the land that He promised to give your
fathers
— "îf you faithfully observe all this In-
nnu/y"? nKin niy?3n-'73-nK I'nu/n
upon you this day, to love

mn^-riK nnriK^ blîn "^lYp 'pJK lu/x
struction that I enjoin
the Lord your God and to walk in His ways at nEjpî n''p^n-'73 t'5"i"t3 ri^'^b'T ^'rf'7K
all times — then you shall add three more towns : n'pKPi \i;b\^ri bv nnv \ubvj hiv "^b
to those three. 'OThus blood of the innocent will iu;k -^vik nnp ""pj wi ^îQip-' i<b) 10
not be shed, bringing bloodguilt upon you in

'^-'bv n"'m n"?!!: ^'^ ]nj "^"^ribi^ mn-"
the land that the Lord your God is allotting
D :D"'P'n
to you.
^b n-iKT ^nv^b kjU; w^k n^n-'-'Diii
"If, however, a person who is the enemy of
nriK-'^K DJT npT \u^^^ inam vbv up^
another lies in wait for him and sets upon him
and strikes him a fatal blow and then flees to
inpî li^v 'jpT inû;") 1^ :'7Kn anyn
one of these towns, '-the elders of his town shall nin '7KA Till inx ijnJi Dwn iriK
have him brought back from there and shall rnv?^ i^'pV ^^'i^ Dlnn-K'?'-' :np"i
hand him over to the blood-avenger to be put

to death; '^you must show him no pity. Thus n-'JU/K") ^b2^ ^^\ui< ^V'^ b^'^^^'>^n i<b 14
you will purge Israel of the blood of the

innocent," and it will go well with you.
i^You shall not move your countryman's
a Q. Num. 35.33-34.
416
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 20.5 shofetim 'UQ1U7 D D"'"!!! min
landmarks, set up by previous generations, in mn;" î\uk y-iKin bmn ûjk ^"^n^n^n
the property that will be allotted to you in the D 7\n\uib ]nj ']'>tibi<.
:
Jib
land that the Lord your God is giving you to
possess.
Kum nu;K xpn-b'^n nKun-'7D^T
15A single witness may not validate against a
person any guilt or blame for any offense that

"r\^bp "'3"'7y Ik anv îp i '>^-bv
may be committed; a case can be valid only on

Dprmy mp^-'Bife nn"i mp^ nnv
the testimony of two witnesses or more.^ iîf a
man appears against another to testify mali- mn;' î^b nnrr an^—ii^k "'U/jkh
ciously and gives false testimony against him,
i"the two parties to the dispute shall appear be-

nyn w^t\ is Dnri "'jp^n
^yQ'i^^n :
fore the Lord, before the priests or magistrates

:vnK:? njy ii7u; ivn 'î?^""ti^ nam
in authorit)^ at the time, iând the magistrates
vniib nw:jb nnr "iu/k? '\b rr'u/y'i 19
shall make a thorough investigation. If the man
who testified is a false witness, if he has testified

nnKu;^m :o i-^nnpp y-jn nnyni
falsely against his fellow, i^you shall do to him niy nwvb i3p"'-k'pi iktt wr2]u'!
as he schemed to do to his fellow. Thus you will
s^veep out evil from your midst; -"others will
hear and be afi'aid, and such evil things will not

again be done in your midst. 21 Nor must you
show pit)': life for life, eye for eye, tooth for
tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.
20 When you take the field against your

enemies, and see horses and chariots — forces xn^n i(b "îjap nn ny h^ni did n->k'i}
larger than yours — have no fear of them, for the
Lord your God, who brought you from the land

-b^ D3n"li73 n^m: :Dnyp V"1K)3
of Egypt, is with you. -Before you join battle,
:Dyri-'7x nnni in'sn mji ny2nb)3ri
the priest shall come forward and address the
troops. 3He shall say to them, "Hear, O Israel!
D^nip nriK bk'^p^ urzp hr\bi<. n)?K"i 3
You are about to join battle with your enemy. '^ybK n3"'n"'K-'7V nnnV??'? nvri
Let not your courage falter. Do not be in fear, -bi<,'] iT3nn-'7K"i ixT'n-'7K ainn"?
or in panic, or in dread of them. -Jpor it is the D'lrT'pN nin^ '34 :Dn"';)3?p iîvp
Lord your God who marches with you to do Q3"'n"'N"DV U2b nn^n^ ^^^V 't!'!^^
battle for you against your enemy, to bring you
:n3nK y"'u;ln'7
victory."
"')2 ""iniib uvri-bK nnpyn nsii 5
5Then the officials shall address the troops,
I3jn kb) ~U7"]n-n"'n njn n\i;K \i;'>kri
as follows: "Is there anyone who has built a new
house but has not dedicated it? Let him go back
b See note at 17.6.
417
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 20.5 shofetim 1U31U; 3 D'ÎIll min
to his home, lest he die in battle and another

dedicate it. Îs there anyone who has planted a 'irT'n'7 ^\Ij>^ 'I]'?-' i'^Vn i<b^ b"i3 yuj
vineyard but has never harvested it? Let him go iiii^^n'' "iriK u/^Ki n)pn'7733 m)2^-]9
back to his home, lest he die in battle and an-
other harvest it. Îs there anyone who has paid
the bride-price for a wife," but who has not yet
married her? Let him go back to his home, lest
he die in battle and another marr\' her." ''The

officials shall go on addressing the troops and
say, "Is there anyone afraid and disheartened? ri^33 n^m^ nnn"?? vni< nn'^-n^
Let him go back to his home, lest the courage
of his comrades flag like his." ^When the officials

D :Dvn u;k'-i3 nixny
have finished addressing the troops, army com-
ri"''7V nn^n^ "T'V"'7^^ n"ipri-'3 10
manders shall assume command of the troops.
lovvhen you approach a town to attack it, you
shall ''offer it terms of peace.-'' "If it responds Di7n-'73 n^m ~\b nnnsT "âvn
peaceably and lets you in, all the people present
there shall serve you at forced labor. 'Îf it does ^)3V nnti/yi i\rpv 'wbpn k^-dkt 12
not surrender to you, but would join battle with mn"' mnjii3 :r\^bv nivi nnn'7?3
you, you shall lay siege to it; 'ând when the
-'>Bb n"ii3r'73-nK rriarTi "^t^ ?]"'n'7K
Lord your God delivers it into your hand, you
^b'2^ npnnm qurn wmri pi i-i : n~in
shall put all its males to the sword. HYou may,
however, take as your booty the women, the
"^b nn n'7^\;;-'73 Tiyn n^,n'> ~i\i;K
children, the livestock, and everything in the
town — all its spoil —and enjoy the use of the

spoil of your enemy, which the Lord your God ^pp npn-in anyn-'^D^ nti^yn ]3 15
gives you.
'^Thus you shall deal with all towns that lie npT "iit/K nbkn Dipyn nvp pi '^
very far from you, towns that do not belong to

•b2 n^j.nn i<b nbm "^b ]n'j ']''tjbi<;.
nations hereabout, i^ln the towns of the latter
"Finn Dpnnri Dnnri-'3 1"
:nnw3
peoples, however, which the Lord your God is
'pin:'ni 'inn '"h^ri'] "'jyjsn ""inKni
giving you as a heritage, you shall not let a soul
remain alive. '
''No, you must proscribe'^ them
the Hittites and the Amorites, the Canaanites Dnnylri '^33 nltyyyD3nK nra^^-K'?
and the Perizzites, the Hivites and the nrn^b oriKuni Drrrl'^K'? wiJ -iwk
lebusites — as the Lord your God has com- D : 3Tl'7K
manded you, Idlest they lead you into doing all
the abhorrent things that they have done for
their gods and you stand guilty before the Lord

your God.
a Thereby making her his wife legally, ofn though the marriage
hoi not yet taken plate,
b-b Or "call on it to surrender."
c See Lev. 27.29. 418

TORAH DEUTERONOMY 21.9 shofetim D-'umu; ND D''"im niin
i^When in your war against a city you have

to besiege it a long time in order to capture it,
you must not destroy its trees, wielding the ax

inKi '^DKh ^m'D ""s ]nA vbv ni:ib
against them. You may eat of them, but you
must not cut them down. Are trees of the field
human to withdraw before you into the be-

yiri-n\i7K yy pîo myjan "^""JSp
sieged city? 20Only trees that you know do not
rrinu/n inx wn '"^dk)? yi;-k'7-''3
yield food may be destroyed; you may cut them Kin-iU7K ^~)ivr[-bv "iiYip n'ljn^ rrnsi
down for constructing siegeworks against the a :nmi IV n)p n^n Tjjpy ntpV
city that is waging war on you, until it has been
reduced.
21 If, in the land that the Lord your God nU/K n)3"|K3 ^7^17 K:y}3:'-'3 IN ^
is assigning you to possess, someone slain is niti^n '7QJ nnp^b r^b ]nj "^""ri^K ninT
found lying in the open, the identity of the slayer
^'us'u;! ^'jpT ixyî 2 : insn '>p vilj i(b
not being known, 2your elders and magistrates
: "^^nri n'n-'np iu/k nnyri-'7K îim
shall go out and measure the distances from
^npb^ '7'7nri-'7K nnnjpri Tiyn ^l^^V
the corpse to the nearby towns. -''The elders of
the town nearest to the corpse shall then take

-i<b -IU7K njbn n"?;!; xinn "i"'vn°''JpT
a heifer which has never been worked, which niin") 4 : ^7^3 nDU/Tp-k"? nu;K nil hny
has never pulled in a yoke; -ând the elders of bnrbK hby^vn-nK Kinn T'vn """jpT
that town shall bring the heifer down to an -iD'lV'i V'lv Kb) 13 i;iV''-i<b iu/k ^rriK
everflowing wadi, which is not tilled or sown. ^n-'^nsn iu;ajt ? : bm:^ n^^yn-riK u\lj
There, in the wadi, they shall break the heifer's
'\h')]iJb^r\-TnbK mn^ in3 nn ^j?"^)b 'J3
neck. SThe priests, sons of Levi, shall come for-
-b^ n^n^ Dn"'3-'7i7i mn"' du;3 'iin.3î
ward; for the Lord your God has chosen them
to minister to Llim and to pronounce blessing
Kinn -iiyn ^'jpT ^731 6 :V^r'73i 3n
in the name of the Lord, and every lawsuit and Qn''T-nK lyni:' '757nri-'7K n-inhpri
case of assault" is subject to their ruling. ^Then n^pKi ijy") 7 : "711,33 nanvn nby.vn-bv
all the elders of the town nearest to the corpse n-fn airiTiK i33u; hddu; i<b i^t
shall wash their hands over the heifer whose biiip'' ^-qjay^ 133 8 :1k-) i<b m\}''V'\
neck was broken in the wadi. Ând they shall
3-1.173
-"ipj
DT^nrrb'Ki nin^ nnsnî^K
make this declaration: "Our hands did not shed
nriKT 9 : win urib '^p3l^ bK-pi ^)pv
this blood, nor did our eyes see it done. Âb-
r[pv,^-'>p "^sipn ''\Piri wiri i.2;3n
solve, O Lord, Your people Israel whom You
redeemed, and do not let guilt for the blood of
D : mn'' TV3 nu/^n
the innocent remain among Your people Is-
rael." And they will be absolved of bloodguilt.

9Thus you will remove from your midst guilt
for the blood of the innocent, for you will be

doing what is right in the sight of the Lord.
419 (1 Cf. 17.8. Or "skin affection"; cf. 24.8.

TORAH DEUTERONOMY 21.10 ki tetse' Kyn '3 ND D"""):!! nmn
KI TETSE'
"'When you take the field against your ene- iiinjT Tj-'in^K-'^v rrnnbi^b Kyn""'3 'o
mies, and the Lord your God delivers them into •.v'2\ij rr'û^l "^x^ T'd'^^ "^P""
your power and you take some of them captive, "iKri-nQ"> nu/K np\i73 rr'KnTi
"and you see among the captives a beautiful
:n\£7K^ "^b rinpî nn ripu;ni
woman and you desire her and would take her
-riK nnîi ^n-'n TirT':?^ nriK^m 12
to wife, '-you shall bring her into your house,
and she shall trim her hair, pare her nails, 'ând
nypmi3 : ri''j"!EjyTiK nnt^vi nu/K-i
discard her captive's garb. She shall spend a ^rr-n^ n3u;";i rri^yn n^nu; n^nu/-nK
month's time in your house lamenting her fa-
ther and mother; after that you may come to
her and possess her, and she shall be your wife. ni riYQn n^"Qk n^m 14 : nfKb r\b
'••Then, should you no longer want her, you
n|"i37pn-K'7 ib)pT nu;3J^ nnnû/i
must release her outright. You must not sell her
"lu/ff nnn nii niaynn-K"'? i^Dan
for money: since you had your will of her, you
D :nrT'^v
must not enslave her.
'5If a man has two wives, one loved and the nnxn dû/j in\u \LJ'>kb p^nn-ia 15
other unloved, and both the loved and the un- D-iin i^'nî") nwju; nriKrn nninx
loved have borne him sons, but the first-born -ii32in ]3n n-'m nKiJti^m nninKn
is the son of the unloved one — '^when he wills
Tiin-riK I'p-'njrT b^n n^rri '^ .'ni<s->:i\Ljb
his property to his sons, he may not treat as

-nK hsn^ bi:v Kb ^b n-^rr'-iu/K riK
first-born the son of the loved one in disregard
:-i33n nKiJii/n-p i^B-bv nninNri-]3
of the son of the unloved one who is older, '''in-
nn"? -iî)] nMJ\£?rT-]3 nb2irT-nK°"'3'7
stead, he must accept the first-born, the son of
Kin-ia "i^ Ky)3^nu7K b-2:i W2\u '3 \b
the unloved one, and allot to him a double
portion'' of all he possesses; since he is the first D : n-i'33n U3u;n i^ ijk it'U/k-i.
fruit of his vigor, the birthright is his due.
liirK n-i1)3i nniD ]3 ]ij'>kb n''.n"'-'3 «

* isjf a man has a wayward and defiant son, who
iriK np-iT 1)3K b^p2^ v:ii< b^p:! viq\u
does not heed his father or mother and does not
obey them even after they discipline him, '"^his
vnK in iu;3rT) 1^ :Dn"'î< ^W ^^"^
father and mother shall take hold of him and

-bK") ^yv 'Ji?T-VK in'K iKîflni iqkt
bring him out to the elders of his town at the

1JJ3 li^v "".^pT'^î^ T^pi<l -" :'i^'p>3 nyu;
public place of his community. -''They shall say '7'71T ijVpn y)2\LJ i3rK mm "nio nr
to the elders of his town, "This son of ours is b^nNn li^y û;jk-'73 innni':' : k3Dt
disloyal and defiant; he does not heed us. He '7K~;u7i-'73i "^3-ip73 vnri nnv?^ nbT
is a glutton and a drunkard." 2iThereupon the
men of his town shall stone him to death. Thus
you will sweep out evil from your midst: all
Israel will hear and be afraid.
b Lit. Iwo-lhirdi.
420
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 22.10 ki tetse" xyn -"^ 13 D''i:n mm
--If a man is guilt}' of a capital offense and
is put to death, and you impale him on a stake,
--H'ou must not let his corpse remain on the stake

ni"!! innpn iini7-^3 yvn-'^y inb'n:
overnight, but must bun- him the same day. For
an impaled bodv is an affront to God: you shall
-^b ]n'j ^'n'7x mn^ iwx ^rupiK-nK
not detile the land that the Lord your God is
gi\dng you to possess.

D -.nbrn
77
jLÂ^
astray,
.
It you see
do not ignore
your fellow's ox or sheep gone
you must take back
nD
it; it
niyn xirxri np^vnni ti'ij Vu/'Hk
to your fellow. -If your fellow does not live near
you or you do not know who he is, you shall
^n^n iin-'7x inspxi invT ^b\ ^^'^k
bring it home and it shall remain with vou until
your fellow claims it; then ôu shall give it back
to him. -"^You shall do the same with his ass; you
'rwvT\ ]Di TVf^nb t\\dvv\ pv^ •.'h
shall do the same with his garment; and so too "?l\nK ninK-'73'7 rwvy\ pi "\vhmh
shall you do with an\thing that your fellow loses
and vou find: vou must not remain indifferent.
ilf you see your fello\v"s ass or ox fallen on i-ii\:7 Ik ^^nx -ilnn-riK nNiri-K'74
the road, do not ignore it; you must help him
raise it.
?A woman must not put on man's apparel,

nor shall aman wear woman's clothing; for
whoever does these things is abhorrent to the
Lord your God.
Îf, along the road, you chance upon a bird's
nest, in any tree or on the ground, with
fledglings or eggs and the mother over
sitting
In ""n-iDNrr'^v riyii QKm Diy^n
the fledglings or on the eggs, do not take the
mother together with her young. 'Let the
mother go, and take only the young, in order
you may n^-iKrn '^ nu". \vyib "^'n^ys

that fare well and have a long life.
sWhen you build a new house, you shall make

a parapet for your roof, so that you do not bring
bloodguilt on your house if anyone should fall
from it.
^You shall not sow your \ineyard with a sec-

i:;ipn-]3 "'x'?? ynTn-K'79
ond kind of seed, else the crop —from the seed
nxinnT v^jn iu/n
"jipi?
Wn nK'7pn
you have sown —and the Weld of the vineyard
may not be used. 'OYou shall not plow with an
421
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 22.10 ki tetse' Kyn 13 23 D'lim min
ox and an ass together. "You shall not wear

cloth combining wool and linen.
'-You shall make tassels on the four corners

nlQj? yii"|K-'7y -\b-niuvpi w^bi^ '^
of the garment with which you cover yourself.

'Â man marries a woman and cohabits with
her. Then he takes an aversion to her •'and
: HKJtyl n^'^K KIT n^K W''i<. nj7"'-"'3 13
makes up charges against her and defames her,

rT"'^y K-iyini nnni ri^"''7i; nb nm 14
saying, "I married this woman; but when I ap-

proached her, I found that she was not a virgin."
'5In such a case, the girl's father and mother iK'i^flm n?3KT n'^v^r[ -lyjn inK npb^ '3
shall produce the evidence of the girl's virginity

n''yn 'JpT-b'N n-^v^ri lyjn •''7in:a-nK
before the elders of the town at the gate. 'f'And
the girl's father shall say to the elders, "I gave
this man my daughter to wife, but he has taken

"ntz; Kin-mn"ii7 triKJU/^'i nî^K"?
an aversion to her; '"so he has made up charges,
saying, 'I did not find your daughter a virgin.' \n'2b 'riKY?p-K'7 n^K"? onn^ rib^b:;^
But here is the evidence of my daughter's vir- û/nDT 'nn "'/'inn h^kt D"''7in3
ginity!" And they shall spread out the cloth be- iJi^T inp^T '« n-iyn ""jpT 'Jq'? nbr^wn
fore the eiders of the town. '^The elders of that :iriK ntp^T U7''Kri-nK Kinn— i"*!;!!
town shall then take the man and flog him, '"ând
•nK^ ijnj") qoi) HKn iriK w^v) '>^
they shall fine him a hundred [shekels of] silver

n'înn b:j yn up k^yln 's riiv^n
and give it to the girl's father; for the man has
b2V-i<b r[\ui<,b n"^.nn-l'pT bi<.-i\ui
defamed a virgin in Israel. Moreover, she shall
remain his wife; he shall never have the right

to divorce her.
20But if the charge proves true, the girl was -riK iK^ylnv :n"ii7^^ -lyj"? D"''7inn
found not to have been a virgin, -'then the girl rfiK-JT'n nna-'7x rTi:j_^ri lyjn
shall be brought out to the entrance of her fa-
ther's house, and the men of her town shall
stone her to death; for she did a shameful thing

in Israel, committing fornication while under
her father's authority. Thus you will sweep away
"H^yn n\i7K-DV 1
33'\:; \i;'>k k^)2"'-'3 22
evil from your midst. nDwn w^KH nn^jw-DA ^nm bvii
--If a man is found lying with another man's

wife, both of them — the man and the woman
with whom he lay — Thus you
shall die. will
sweep away evil from Israel.
:n)3i; n3\:7T niyn \u''k nxym vj-^K.b

-4n the case of a virgin who is "engaged to
a man" — if a man comes upon her in town and
i ii /.(•.. lor whom a hruli- friir /uis hccn punt; sec 20.7.
422
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 23.5 ki tetse' KYD -"J :i3 D''"l!n n-nn
lies with her, 24you shall take the two of them

out to the gate of that town and stone them to
death: the girl because she did not cry for help
"1U7K nni-'?:; nny^n nyjn-JiK "'^nm
in the town, and the man because he violated
-in^-^y \:7''Kn-nK'i t'v;! nj^yy-K'?
another man's wife. Thus you will sweep away
evil from your midst. ^^But if the man comes
y-in nnyni invn nii/K'îK my— i\z;k
upon the engaged girl in the open country, and

the man lies with her by force, only the man who nn-p-'mni nti/n'Kpn nny^n nyjn-riK
lay with her shall die, 26but you shall do nothing npu;—IU7K \u'>Kri nm r\m npu/T ^^Kn
to the girl. The girl did not incur the death pen- ntz/yn-K'? nny^î -iyj'7i26 -^r^^b nipv
alty, for this case is like that of a man attacking
another and murdering him. 27He came upon

her in the open; though the engaged girl cried
nyjn npyy ni^^P ÎV^n ''327 :n;Tn
for help, there was no one to save her.
D : nb yu/iD ]^Ki nti/iKpn n-jy^n
28If a man comes upon a virgin who is not
engaged and he seizes her and lies with her, and "iu;k nînn nnyj nyj u/^k KYp-'-'S 28
they are discovered, 29the man who lay with her

shall pay the girl's father fifty [shekels of] silver, nyjn ""nK^ n?3V 33'\i7n u/^kh injf29
and she shall be his wife. Because he has violated
her, he can never have the right to divorce her. -^73 nnbvj b^^viib niv "i]^k rinn
D •.V72''
23 No man shall marry his father's former

wife, so as "-to remove his father's garment.-"
2No one whose testes are crushed or whose

nnpT
n33U7 K3TyiYQ kni-K'7 2
member is cut off shall be admitted into the con-

D :r\rn'< '7np3
gregation of the Lord.
"in ui mn;' ^711^3 nmip K^yiib^
3No one misbegotten'' shall be admitted into
the congregation of the Lord; none of his de-

D '.nrrr^ '7rip3 '\b knyK'? n-'U/v
scendants, even in the tenth generation, shall DJ nyni "711^3 "'3x1)31 'Jijav k3;'-k'7 4
be admitted into the congregation of the Lord. mn^ '7np3 nn^ K^yiib ^ypv, "in
4No Ammonite or Moabite shall be admitted imp-k"? "1U7K i3T'7i;5 :aîyiv
into the congregation of the Lord; none of their D3nKy3 "qn^s n^)33T an^^3 b3nK
descendants, even in the tenth generation, shall
ay'pii-nK ^"•'py -i3U7 nu/Ki any)3)p
ever be admitted into the congregation of the
Lord, sbecause they did not meet you with

food and water on your journey after you left
Egypt, and because they hired Balaam son of
a-a I.e., lay claim to what his father had possessed. Cf. Lev. lli.8,
20.11: Ezek. 16.8: Ruth 3.9.

b Meaning ofHeb. mamzer uncertain: in Jewish law, the offspring
of adultery or incest between Jews.

423
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 23.5 ki tetse" Kyn -"^ A3 D^lirn n-nn
Beor, from Pethor of Aram-naharaim, to curse
you. — ^But the Lord your God refused to heed -bK vyyjjb Vn'^K mn'' nnK-k'7i^
Balaam; instead, the Lord your God turned the
curse into a blessing for you, for the Lord your

^^ri'7K mn"' ^nriK ^3 npnn^
you. —
:
i^'?/'i?n
God loves ''You shall never concern
^•'p^-'73 nnnuT uribM) Mj'-r^ry-iib^
yourself with their welfare or benefit as long as
D .rh'wb
you live.
8You shall not abhor an Edomite, for he is

D *wn '^'nK "la 'piK ni;nn-K'7«
your kinsman. You shall not abhor an Egyptian, :ly"lKn n-''>x\ ir-is nyn nynn-kb
for you were a stranger in his land. ''Children
born to them may be admitted into the con- D .r\)r[-', '7np3 ur\b
gregation of the Lord in the third generation.*^
'''When you go out as a troop against your

enemies, be on your guard against anything un- nu/K \u^k \'i nin''-"'3 " -.V} in^ '73n
toward. "If anyone among you has been ren-
r^b''b-Tn;^rl ninu n^n^-Kb'
-bi^ K^î
dered unclean by a nocturnal emission, he must
:njn?3n 'qlri-'7K K'n^ iib T[}ny^b yinn
leave the camp, and he must not reenter the
K'nDT a"')35 \ny, nny-nlJQ"? r^^r\^ 12
camp. -Toward evening he shall bathe in water,
'
and at sundown he may reenter the camp.
•^Further, there shall be an area for you outside

the camp, where you may relieve yourself
•''With your gear you shall have a spike, and

when you have squatted you shall dig a hole with I '^'r^n'n ^'h'^k mn''°''3 1? i-^nKY-riK
it and cover up your excrement. '^Since the
•^"'Jd'p '^'i^'K nr\b^ '^^^r^b "qjnn nnpin
Lord your God moves about in your camp to
nr\v ^"^n nxii'-k'pT u/np ?i"'jn)p T[^r\^
protect you and to deliver your enemies to you,
let your camp be holy; let Him not find anything
unseemly among you and turn away from you. Vy^^--iu;k T'jiK-'^K iny T'jpn-k'7 '^
'^You shall not turn over to his master a slave

who seeks refuge with you from his master. ''He '
shall live with you in any place he may choose D :^Jln lib \b
among the settlements in your midst, wherever -iib) biyw^^ nUnp nu/ip mnn-k'? '«
he pleases; you must not ill-treat him.

K"'nrTk'7'"^ -.birw'' •'j^n iiîj? n-rr^
"*No Israelite woman shall be a cult prosti-
tute, nor shall any Israelite man be a cult pros-
titute. '''You shall not bring the fee of a whore
-DA ^"'rl'^K mn"' nnyin ^2 ~\'^yb:^b
or the pay of a dog'' into the house of the Lord

your God in fulfillment of any vow, for both are
abhorrent to the Lord your God.
c I.e., of residence in lirael'i territory,
d I.e., a male prostitute.
424
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 24.4 ki tetse' xyn '2 ID D'^lin n-nn
20Y0U shall not deduct interest from loans to '7DK -^m qD3 "qU/J ^'•nK^ Tl"'\^n-K'7 20
your countrymen, whether in money or food

or anything else that can be deducted as interest; mn^ "^^nn^ ]V)2b Tj-'iirri k^ '^"'nKî
2 may deduct interest from loans to for-
ibut you
eigners. Do not deduct interest from loans to
your countrymen, so that the Lord your God

"inxn Kb "T'nb'K nrn^b nij n'"iri-'3 22
may bless you in all your undertakings in the
land that you are about to enter and possess. ^'^''ribK mn-' ^w-)!'' \u''^X''? ^^^^^
22When you make a vow to the Lord your
God, do not put off fulfilling it, for the Lord ^nQu; KYln24 :Kun tj^ n^n^-x'p
your God will require it of you, and you will nyn-'b niij nii/KB n^p^"] I'û^J^
have incurred guilt; 23whereas you incur no
guilt if you refrain from vowing. 24You must
wîv nb::^) '^vi. Ql^s knn "'325
fulfill what has crossed your lips and perform
D :]riri Kb ^^b'3-'7KT T|i;nti7 -û/Qja
what you have voluntarily vowed to the Lord
your God, having made the promise with your Tib^b-D n^vp^ '^V'^, npi73 K'nn ^326
own mouth.
25When you enter another man's vineyard,
you may eat as many grapes as you want, until
you are full, but you must not put any in your
vessel. 26When you enter another man's field of
standing grain, you may pluck ears with your
hand; but you must not put a sickle to your
neighbor's grain.
24 A man takes a wife and possesses her.
She fails to please him because he finds nn KY)3-^3 vryn ]n-KYan k^-dk
something obnoxious about her, and he writes hnns -iQp T\b nnii nni nni;
IpJi
her a bill of divorcement, hands it to her, and
lrT'3)3 HKY^v :iri''5n rinbp-] n^n
sends her away from his house; 2she leaves his
nKJt7T3 :-inK-\z;"'K^ ^^'''^) '^?^'7"i
household and becomes the wife of another
man; ^then this latter man rejects her, writes her
a bill of divorcement, hands it to her, and sends hiX3T ""D Ik irrin?? nnû;i htb ]nji
her away from his house; or the man who mar- :n\i7N'7 1^ nni7'7-iu;K llnriKn vj'>Kr[
ried her last dies. ^Then the first husband who nnû;--i\z;K ilu/K-in nbv:^ '7p^"'-k^4
divorced her shall not take her to wife again, nnK r[]^Kb '\b nl^n'? nrinp^ :iwb
since she has been defiled" — for that would be
mn^ 'jq'7 Kin nnyin-'B nK?3un nu/K
abhorrent to the Lord. You must not bring sin
mn^ h\^K y-iKH-riK x-iprin Kb)
upon the land that the Lord your God is giving
D :n'7m ^"7 ]rij ^'n'7K
you as a heritage.
fl I.e., disqualified for him.
425
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 24.5 ki tetse' Kyn IS ID D''~i:n n-nn
"^When a man has taken a bride, he shall not
go out with the army or be assigned to it for 'pj "in"!"'??'? vbv ^^1lJ'>_-i<b^ Kn:^3
any purpose; he shall be exempt one year for
the sake of his household, to give happiness to
D : r[pb-'^^ji<.
woman
the he has married.
Â handmill or an upper millstone shall not
Kin u/Qr^D 22~y] wm b'nn^-kb'fi
D : b-in
be taken in pawn, for that would be taking
someone's life in pawn.
"If a man is found to have kidnapped a fellow
Israelite, enslaving him or selling him, that kid-
napper shall die; thus you will sweep out evil

iKn inu;'? nyn.i^n-VAjn naii^ns
from your midst.
Hn cases of a skin affection'' be most careful
D :nlu;y^nn\i7nnnîynu;K3n;'.ib'n
to do exactly as the levitical priests instruct you.
Take care to do as I have commanded them.

"^Remember what the Lord your God did to
Miriam on the journey after you left Egypt.'-' -lib nn^KJp *ni<\i7?3 T|i7-in n\i;n-'3 lo
lowhen you make a loan of any sort to your

countryman, you must not enter his house to KWi"" in nm nnx "i\^k u/^Kni invn
seize his pledge. "You must remain outside,
while the man to whom you made the loan
niyrTi3 :iunyn n3u;n k^ Kin 'jy
brings the pledge out to you. i2lf he is a needy
n3u;i v^ri^jri K'n? ulnyn-nK l"? n^wn
man, you shall not go to sleep in his pledge;
'^you must return the pledge to him at sun-
\i^b npiy njnn ^b^ ^;\2l2^ inab'u/n
down, that he may sleep in his cloth and bless
you; and it will be to your merit before the Lord

your God.
'*You shall not abuse a needy and destitute 13 u/nwn vbv i<.^2n-i<b^ liDu; ]nn
laborer, whether a fellow countryman or a
iu;Drnx kwj kih vbi<,^ Kin "•'jy
stranger in one of the communities of your land.
>5You must pay him his wages on the same day,

D :Kun
before the sun sets, for he is needy and urgently
depends on it; else he will cry to the Lord against
you and you will incur guilt.
"^Parents shall not be put to death for chil-
dren, nor children be put to death for parents: b:ir\n iib) Dln^ -ia U3u;n nun i3 rnsnis :njn'7K ia3
crime.
'-Tou shall not subvert the rights of the

stranger or the fatherless; you shall not take a nm n V. 10.
b Cf. Lev. li.l ff.
c Sec Num. 12.10 ff.
426
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 25.7 ki tetse' KYn 13 HD D"'m"7 n~nn
widow's garment in pawn. iSRemember that

you were a slave in Egypt and that the Lord your
God redeemed you from there; therefore do I
: n;Tri
enjoin you to observe this commandment.
nnV nn^vj) "^jnu/n 'î^'ifp °"i'2î?n ''3 ^^
i9When you reap the harvest in your field and
overlook a sheaf in the field, do not turn back
to get it; it shall go to the stranger, the fatherless,
and the widow — in order that the Lord your :"^"'l?

nwyp '7D21 '^''tjî^
God may bless you in all your undertakings.

20\Yhen you beat down the fruit of your olive Hynn"'3 2i D : n^ri"' njjp'pK^") nin^"?
trees, do not go over them again; that shall go
to the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow.
ri"';'ri nnvia ni^n 22 : n^jn^ m)p'7K^'i
2iWhen you gather the grapes of your vineyard,
nlti/y^ ^Tj^yp -"piK ]^-bv ninyp y-iKS
do not pick it over again; that shall go to the
D :nTn nmn-riK
stranger, the fatherless, and the widow. 22AI-
ways remember that you were a slave in the land

of Egypt; therefore do I enjoin you to observe
this commandment.
25 When there is a dispute between men

and they go to law, and a decision is rendered
declaring the one in the right and the other in
:yu;-iri-nK lyuîni p"'%ri
r[in)2
the wrong — 2if the guilty one is to be flogged,
uQ'ii^n ^b^^Ti) vu/nn man i^-dk
the magistrate shall have him lie down and be
given lashes in his presence, by count, as his guilt
warrants. ^He may be given up to forty lashes,
but not more, lest being flogged further, to ex- ^nK n'7pj'i ni"! nsn nVK-'7y
cess, your brother be degraded before your eyes.

4You shall not muzzle an ox while it is D nif/n!! '^W nDnn-KV4
threshing. bri)3 lUK m2^ Tin] wn^ ut^r"'?^
5When brothers dwell together and one of
n)3n-n\^K n'^.nn-k'p ]^2^
i'^-i^K
them dies and leaves no son, the wife of the de-
ri^bv K'n^ nnn^ -it vj^^b nyinn
ceased shall not be married to a stranger, outside
the family. Her husband's brother shall unite
with her: he shall take her as his wife and per-

n)3ri vr\K ^^'bv mp^ n^n iu/k
form the levir's duty. ^The first son that she

bears shall be accounted to the dead brother, "nn^yi inpn-'-nx nr[\pb \u'>kn yBW
that his name may not be blotted out in Israel. nnpKT D''Ji7Tn-'7K niv^ri inpn;'
^But if the man does not want to marry his
brother's widow, his brother's widow shall ap-
427
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 25.7 ki tetse' Nyn --D n3 "''im min
pear before the elders in the gate and declare,

"My husband's brother refuses to establish a
name in Israel for his brother; he will not per-
TiYDn Kb -inKT i-QV) vbii ninn
form the duty of a levir." ^The elders of his town
'ry'7 vbK Inpn^ nmjv '^^^[?b
shall then summon him and talk to him. If he
insists, saying, "I do not want to marry her,"
npn^T ^bî b:j'D \bv:i ny^d b-'jpTrT
'^his brother's widow shall go up to him in the
presence of the elders, pull the sandal off his Nnpj") 1" -.vriK rrin-nK njn-'-k'? iu/k
foot, spit in his face, and make this declaration: D : bv^ri yi^n n''^ bK'}ii;i:i mw
Thus shall be done to the man who will not
build up his brother's house! '"And he shall go VhK"] U/^K Tin] "'li^JK 1Y3^-'3ii
in Israel by the name of "the family of the un-
sandaled one."
niîmni ht T]r\b^j^ insn "tid
Dinn iib nQs-JiK nriYpii^ ivu/njpn

11 If two men get into a fight with each other,
and the wife of one comes up to save her hus-
band from his antagonist and puts out her hand nbM^ ]nK"i ]nK ^p^Dii "^b n^ji'^-^b 13
and seizes him by his genitals, '2you shall cut ^rr-nn j]^ n;'.rT-'-K'7 i-i d :myi7T
off her hand; show no pity. ]:nKi5 :mui7T n'pna nQw hq-ik
'-^You shall not have in your pouch alternate
n-nbuj r[p->i< '^b-'ni'n'^, piif) nnVu;
weights, larger and smaller. '-^You shall not have
bv ^""n^ i3"'"!n:' jvhb '^b-nin-', piYi
in your house alternate measures, a larger and
a smaller. '^You must have completely honest
D ^^:^b ]nj "^""TibK mn^nu/K rrrnxn
weights and completely honest measures, if you
"73 n^K nu7V"'73 ^^n'7K mn^ nnyin
are to endure long on the soil that the Lord your
God is giving you. '^For everyone who does
those things, everyone who deals dishonestly, "q-i.^n pbm ^^ nu7V-i\^K riK ii3T 17
is abhorrent to the Lord your God.
nnKi "^nriK n"''7u;n^n-'73 '-^n njiri

'
^Remember what Amalek did to you on your
— '^how, r[^n)\^ -.wribK kt kî vpt q-'v
journey, after you left Egypt unde-
q''n^k-'73)3 -^b" I ^'rl'^K mn;" n^jnn
terred by fear of God, he surprised you on the
march, when you were famished and weary, and "^b inj ^'ri'7K-nin:' nu/K y-ikn n-'iiDn
cut down all the stragglers in your rear. ' "^There- pb)2^, "^prriK nnnn :ir\\u^b n'pnj
fore, when the Lord your God grants you safety D :n3\:;n Kb n^r^wri nnnn
from all your enemies around you, in the land
that the Lord your God is giving you as a he-
reditary portion, you shall blot out the memory
of Amalek from under heaven. Do not forget! Mbv T'H 3n32 •'
Tn-"
428
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 26.12 ki tavo' Kinn •'3 13 D"'"l!n n-nn
/-% ^ KI TAVO'
^KJ When you enter the land that the Lord
your God is giving you as a heritage, and you
possess it and settle in it, -you shall take some
'~i3-'?3 I rfu/K-ip nr\pb^'- :nii nnu/î
of every first fruit of the soil, which you harvest
from the land that the Lord your God is giving
you, put it in a basket and go to the place where

the Lord your God will choose to establish His
"^""tibK mn^ hnn;' -i\z;k Dlp)3n-'7K
name. ^You shall go to the priest in charge at -)\iji<. ]n3rT-'7K nxnT 3 : uuj mp ]^\LJb
that time and say to him, "I acknowledge this
day before the Lord your God that I have Ylkri-bK ^'riKi-''3 ']'>tibi^ ^"P^^ o'i^lT
entered the land that the Lord swore to our : Mb nri'7 iJ^'nixb' mn'' v^m -iu;k
fathers to assign us."
^h^b in-'^rT") î^n kjuh ]ri::ir[ ni7^'i4
^The priest shall take the basket from your
:'?]"'ri'7K mn^ n^Tp
hand and set it down in front of the altar of the
Lord your God.

5You shall then recite as follows before the npn DU7 "iPT nt2'>i'^)2 in".! 'Ik iIk
Lord your God: "My father was a fugitive Ar- -.yi) m:yy '711^ "i^^h n\LJ-'>r\''} uvip
amean. He went down to Egypt with meager
numbers and sojourned there; but there he be- mni-'7K py^^v ini^p npy ir^y
came a great and very populous nation. ^The
Egyptians dealt harshly with us and oppressed
us; they imposed heavy labor upon us. ^We cried
y'nni nprn Tn nnY)2)p mn'' iJK^'i""! ^
to the Lord, the God of our fathers, and the
Lord heard our plea and saw our plight, our
iD-inD'ani mriKnT bi} Kinni nîuj
misery, and our oppression. SThe Lord freed
us from Egypt by a mighty hand, by an out- :u;n"|T nbn nnr y-iK riKTrr ynKn
stretched arm and awesome power, and by signs
and portents. "^He brought us to this place and r\rn'> '>b nnnrnu/K nmKn
gave us this land, a land flowing with milk and
rT'innu/ni '^'^ribK mn^ ^^2^b in mm
honey. lOWherefore I now bring the first fruits
of the soil which You, O Lord, have given me."

You shall leave it" before the Lord your God
and bow low before the Lord your God. Ând D :"^;?ii?:;i "i^k nAni i'pm
you shall enjoy, together with the Levite and the -iu;yjp-'73-nK '^\uvb° n^Dn '312
stranger in your midst, all the bounty that the "itz/yjan nju; nuz-'^pwri nj\z^3 jiriKinn
Lord your God has bestowed upon you and
your household.
i2When you have set aside in full the tenth
part of your yield — in the third year, the year
fl /.e., the basket of v. 4.
429
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 26.12 ki tavo' Kinn ""^ ^2 D''~I21 min
of the tithe'' —and have given it to the Levite,
the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow, that nin"' "''ja^ ni^KV-^ :^vnu;T "^nyu/n
they may eat their fill in your settlements, '-^you
ni^ nîi'n-])^ wipn •n-iyn "^^h'^k
shall declare before the Lord your God: "I have
cleared out the consecrated portion from the
house; and I have given it to the Levite, the
stranger, the fatherless, and the widow, just as
You commanded me; I have neither trans-

gressed nor neglected any of Your command- ''7lpn T\viQ\u nr2b ^m'l2 mnyi<b^
ments: •'f I have not eaten of it while in mourn- :"'jrT'i^ nu/K b'j^ ^rr'tz/y 'h'^k mn""
ing, I have not cleared out any of it while I was
unclean, and I have not deposited any of it with
the dead.'' I have obeyed the Lord my God; I
have done just as You commanded me. 'SLook

D :u;;2lT ^bn nnr y-iK
down from Your holy abode, from heaven, and
bless Your people Israel and the soil You have
nwyb -ri^yn ^'n'7K nin^ ntn uvri 16
given us, a land flowing with milk and honey,
as You swore to our fathers." -'7321 7]nn'7-'73n nniK n'>iuv'\ ninu/T

'6The Lord your God commands you this n"i"'rT^ nvn ri"iJ?Kn mn-'-riK '^ :'?]u;qj
day to observe these laws and rules; observe

'i^n\ub^ vij-j-iî riD'?^! u^fibKb -^b
them faithfully with all your heart and soul.
:i'pp3 V'^2\ub^ vusu/m T'niywi v^n
'^You have affirmed'" this day that the Lord is
y"? l"? nvrib m^n ^'T'J3Kri n'irr'} ^^
your God, that you will walk in His ways, that
73 'il2pb^ '^^7—ini "IWK3 nÂD
you will observe His laws and commandments
and rules, and that you will obey Him. i**And n^ljn-'73 bv ]vbv "^nn^v^ :T'Oi^^
the Lord has affirmed^ this day that you are,
as He promised you. His treasured people who -iu;k3 "^'n'^K T^yn'>b û'lp/n^j fin'Ti'?")
shall observe all His commandments, 'ând that D :-im

He wiD set you, in fame and renown and glory,
h igh above all the nations that He has made; and

that you shall be, as He promised, a holy people
to the Lord your God.
97
^ / Moses and the elders of Israel charged ayn-riK bki\u'< -"jpn nu/b iv""! I -J
the people, saying: Observe all the Instruction
that I enjoin upon you this day. 2flAs soon as
"lU/K Dl'in Tî^[y- -.nvn a^rus; myn
you have crossed the lordan into the land that
mn^-iu/K ynKH-'^K niirr-riK n^vn
b See Dent. 14.28-29.
c Meaning offtnl part of verse uncertain.
d No part of the tithe may be left as food for the dead.
e Exact nuance of Heb. uncertain.
a Construction of w. 2-4 uncertain.
430
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 27.15 ki tavo' Kinn •'^ TD n"'i:n'l n-nn
the Lord your God is gi\ing you, you shall set
up large stones. Coat them with plaster -''and in- ]ri"''7V Jinn3i3 :'T'ti73 nriK nip-]
scribe upon them all the words of this Teaching. ^nnyn nxTn nnlnn nni-'^s-nK
When you cross over to enter the land that the
mn^nu/K y"iKn-'7K K'nri nu/K ]:ji2b
Lord your God is giving you, a land flowing
u/niT n^n n^T ynx ^'7 jn: 1 "^""TibK
with milk and honey, as the Lord, the God of
your fathers, promised you — -ûpon crossing
the Jordan, you shall set up these stones, about -nK in-ipn "ni=!ri-nK n^nnyn n^ni ^
which I charge you this day, on Mount Ebal,
and coat them with plaster. SThere, too, you :nîi73 DHiK nitî b'n^y nnn nvn
shall build an altar to the Lord your God, an nnrn '^''Tibi<. mn"-^ nnra dw n^jn^ 5
altar of stones. Do not wield an iron tool over

them; ^you must build the altar of the Lord your
God of unhewn^' stones. You shall offer on it
:^''ribi<. mn^'? ri'7ly vb)j ^''^vni

burnt offerings to the Lord your God, "and you
shall sacrifice there offerings of well-being and rinntî up pi'pdki "'Jpîi^ Jiinnn/
eat them, rejoicing before the Lord your God.

8And on those stones you shall inscribe ever)' nk-Tn niinn nn^-'â-riK "'Jn^n
word of this Teaching most distinctly. c :nu^n "IK?
9Moses and the levitical priests spoke to all -'73 n^'\br[ ^jnsrn nvj')^
bi<, "ini:'!^
Israel, sa)dng: Silence! Hear, O Israel! Today you bkyiJ'<, V)3\i;T 1 nspn nnx'? bi<,-W'!
have become the people of the Lord your God:
•.'^''TibK nrn^b dv"? n^^ni n-rn uvri
lOHeed the Lord your God and obser\'e His
commandments and His laws, which I enjoin
upon you this day.

ipjK "i.u;k viPn-riNi Tiniy^p imyn-riK
iiThereupon Moses charged the people, say- D -.uvn ^lyjp

ing: i2cAfter you have crossed the Jordan, the Kinn ni's nvn'riK nu/b ly^vi
following shall stand on Mount Gerizim when yn-nx -\i2b n?3V nb^r. :inK'7
the blessing for the people is spoken: Simeon,
]^"i:'n-nx n^nnyn n^nA iri-b:;
Lexd, Judah, Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin.
i3And for the curse, the following shall stand
ins n'7^j7rT-'7V npy,? h^kt 13 : ])p^jni
on Mount Ebal: Reuben, Gad, Asher, Zebulun,
Dan, and Naphtali. i-^The Levites shall then : ^"^nQJi i"!
]b^:in 1U7K1 lA piKi b'^'iy
proclaim in a loud voice to all the people of b^-yw-] u;''K"'73-'7K npKi Dî^n ijvi 14
Israel: D :D"1 b'\p
'^Cursed be anyone who makes a sculptured
or molten image, abhorred by the Lord, a

wi u;-in ^y ntî^n nin"' nni/ln
craftsman's handiwork, and sets it up in
D ]pi< TIPK") aVn-'73 IJVI "iriDS
secret. —And all the people shall respond.
:
Amen.
c Construction of w. 12-13 uncertain.
431
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 27.16 ki tavo' Kinn -"s TD anm min
'^Cursed be he who insuhs his father or nvri-'73 "laK") 1)3K"i t';ik n'pp)? -inx "^
mother. —And all the people shall say, Amen. D :]pK

'''Cursed be he who moves his fellow coun-
vn-b'a ron
-inKi invi Viina -inK '^
tryman's landmark. —And all the people shall
say, Amen.
'**Cursed be he who misdirects a blind person
on his way. —And all the people shall say. Amen.
'"^Cursed be he who subverts the rights of the nj)p'7K') mn^nj v^\u)2 nun inK ly
stranger, the fatherless, and the widow. And —

all the people shall say. Amen.
-"Cursed be he who lies with his father's wife,
for he has removed his father's garment.'^ —And '73 nnKT npnn-'73-nv nn'u; ^^^^^K2\
ail the people shall say, Amen.
- 'Cursed be he who lies with any beast. —And
all the people shall say. Amen.
Ik vnK-n? innK-DV ::i3\:^ "inK22
22Cursed be he who lies with his sister,

D : ]?3K Di7n-'73 -inKT l)3K-nn
whether daughter of his father or of his Dyri-'73 -ipK") lrijn'n-nv n^'u; inx 23
mother. —And all the people shall say, Amen.
23Cursed be he who lies with his mother- 73 -ipK-) inon iny-i. nsn -inK24
in-law. —And all the people shall say. Amen.
D :]nK Dyn
-^Cursed be he who strikes down his fellow
DT u;dj niari'? iniz; ng"? nnx 25
countr)^man in secret. —And all the people shall
'i^j
D :])3K nyrr-^D n^pKi

say, Amen.
25Cursed be he who accepts a bribe ''-in the
nni-JiK D"'i7^"K'7 nu/K -inK26
case of the murder of-'' an innocent person.

-73 npK-) DniK nwvb nkTri-n-iinn
And all the people shall say. Amen. Q :]nK Dvn
26Cursed be he who will not uphold the terms
of this Teaching and observe them. —And all
the people shall say. Amen.
28 Now, if you obey the Lord your God,

to obser\'e faithfully all His commandments -^s-riK nl\:;y^ "I'Jû;'? ^'rib'K mn""
which enjoin upon you
I this day, the Lord your ^jnji uvr\ "^lyn 'pjx -iu;k vni^n
God will set you high above all the nations of
: pKH •'"'iJ"'73 '7V V^^>^ TV^^^ J^.F""
the earth. 2A11 these blessings shall come upon
you and take effect,
^pti/ni n^KH ni3i3n-'73 •^^b^ mni 2
if you will but heed the word
of the Lord your God: :'^"'ri'7K mn^ "71^3 vnwn '3
1/ Sec note lit 2X1.

e-e I.e., to aajiiit the murderer: others "to ilay.
432
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 28.14 ki tavo' Kinn -"D HD D"'"1!n min
^Blessed shall you be in the city and blessed : nnti/n nriK "qnni "i"'V^ nriK "^m 3
shall you be in the country.
^Blessed shall be the issue of your womb, the
produce of your soil, and the offspring of your

cattle, the calving of your herd and the lambing
t-^riK^n nriK "înnT '^k'23. nnx 'n^l?^
of your flock.
^Blessed shall be your basket and your knead-
ing bowl. Tj-'^K iK^T hriK Tinp •^'jQ^ a-imj
^Blessed shall you be in your comings and

blessed shall you be in your goings. nb\u)2 b'^'2^ T'5?dk5 nDnnn-nx ^îriK
^The Lord will put to rout before you the

enemies who attack you; they will march out
against you by a single road, but flee from you
by many roads. ^The Lord will ordain blessings
•')3y-'73 IK")-) 10 : V2'y-[:i ris'pri'i ^"'n'7K
for you upon your barns and upon all your un-
dertakings: He will bless you in the land that
iK"i^"i "^^bv Knpj mn^ uvj '3 n^-?
the Lord your God is giving you. ^The Lord
will establish you as His holy people, as He bv "^rupiK nan^ "^nT^nn nsî T]jpn
swore to you, if you keep the commandments nn'7 '^"'nnK'? mw v^p; "iu;k nrnxn
of the Lord your God and walk in His ways.
niun inylK-riK "^^"1 mn^ nriQ;" 12 :'q|7
lOAnd all the peoples of the earth shall see that
the Lord's name is proclaimed over you,'' and

they shall stand in fear of you. '
'The Lord will
d;'^ n-'hbn) ^t ntz;yn-'73 nx ^^t
give you abounding prosperity in the issue of
•.nfpn iib nriKT D-'in.
your womb, the offspring of your cattle, and the n'''"'ni 22]b Kî Wn^ nrn'> '"^jjiji 13
produce of your soil in the land that the Lord vhpn-^ji r[\py2b n^nn kî r[bmb pn
swore to your fathers to assign to you. i^The j]iyn 'pJK ^v;K ^'n'7K mn^ 1 niYp-'7K
Lord will open for you His bounteous store, the
heavens, to provide rain for your land in season
DDnK mv)3 '3JK n\i;K bnn^rT-'73D
and to bless all your undertakings. You will be
D^rT'7K nriK n3'7b' *'7iK')3t:;T ]^p^ uvri
creditor to many nations, but debtor to none.
i3The Lord will make you the head, not the

D :mny'7 annK
tail; you will always be at the top and never at
the bottom — if only you obey and faithfully ob-
serve the commandments of the Lord your God
that I enjoin upon you this day, iând do not

deviate to the right or to the left from any of
the commandments that I enjoin upon you this
day and turn to the worship of other gods.
a Lit. "seven."
^^ nhrz v. 14.
b I.e., the Lord recognizes you as His own; cf. Isa. 4. 1.
433
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 28.15 ki tavo' Kinn -"D n3 D"'"i:n mm
'-''But if you do not obey the Lord your (lod

to observe faithfully all His commandments T'niyp-'73-nK nwvb -invjb -^-^ribK
and laws which I enjoin upon you this day, all

iKii nvn ""^JK lu/K vnprn
Tiiv^^
these curses shall come upon you and take
effect:
:niti7? nriK nnKT n-ivn nnK inK if-
'^Cursed shall you be in the city and cursed

shall you be in the country.
''Cursed shall be your basket and your knead-

ing bowl.
'•''Cursed shall be the issue of your womb and nriK "inNT îK'ns nnx inx 19
t he produce of your soil, the calving of your herd
and the lambing of your flock.

-riK n-jKJpn-riK "^n 1
mn^ n'7u;"'2o
'•^Cursed shall you be in your comings and
n'7\^n-'7D3 nnyîJan-nK") n)pin?3n
cursed shall you be in your goings.
-"The Lord will let loose against you calam-
ity, panic, and frustration in all the enterprises
pjnnry nu/K ']''bbv'n yh •'jsn "in)?
you undertake, so that you shall soon be utterly iri"?? IV -in^n-riK -^n mn-" pniv'
wiped out because of your evildoing in forsak- n)3\f;-Kn nriKnu/K nniKn '7V)p i\ni<.
ing Me. ^'The Lord will make pestilence cling nsnii^n nin""" nD3:'2: -.Tirwij^b
to you, until He has put an end to you in the
nnnni innnnT nj^^^ni rin%3i
land that you are entering to possess. --The
:'^-t3K ly ^1Q"]-1T pp")"?! pQ-lIi^nT
Lord will strike you with consumption,
"^^ fever,
n\ij'm û/Kh-'7y ~iu;k ^'pu; vn)25
and inflammation, with scorching heat and
mn;" ]n^24 -.bn-^ Tjinnnniz/K yî^ri)
drought, with blight and mildew; they shall
hound you until you perish. -^The skies above hm]^^-]^ -isyi pnK "^y-iK "iu)p-nK
your head shall be copper and the earth under

you iron. -^The Lord will make the rain of your q"ll3 V^"^ "".^^^
n^^ '
'^F" V^""
"
land dust, and sand shall drop on you from the D^jri D-'D"!"! nynu;m v^k K^n iriK
sky, until you are wiped out.
niD'^nn '7'd'7 r[)V]b n"';'rTi v:i^b
25The Lord will put you to rout before your
-'7d'7 b2i<.)2b '^nb'nj nn"'rn26 :y-iKn
enemies; you shall march out against them by
a single road, but flee from them by many"
I^KT yiKH npnnb'T :')?wri r|iy
roads; and you shall become a horror to all the :'T'in)?
kingdoms of the earth. 26Your carcasses shall t:-''?3ym bny)3 ]''nw3 n)n-> n33T27
become food for all the birds of the sky and all
the beasts of the earth, with none to frighten
them off.
27The Lord will strike you with the Egyptian

inflammation,'' with hemorrhoids, boil-scars,
and itch, from which vou shall never recover.
1 ExiU'l natun- of then: iiflJutwm utucriuin.

d See Exoii 9.9-10.
434
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 28.41 ki tavo' Kinn •'3 n3 "'"in min
28The Lord will strike you with madness, ]inpri3T pi^v^^ Tiy^^:? Ti)n^ nâ^ 28
blindness, and dismay/ -^You shall grope at "i\z;i<3 nnnyn TO?p?p n^np'^ :nn^
noon as a blind man gropes in the dark; you
shall not prosper in your ventures, but shall be
constantly abused and robbed, with none to
give help.
?oif you pay the bride-price for a wife, another

man shall enjoy her. If you build a house, you D-13 13 nu7n"K'7i mnn n^n n^nzsu;''
shall not live in it. If you plant a vineyard, you

shall not harvest it./ 3iYour ox shall be slaugh- •^""js^jp b^n înn '\m)2 ^Dx'n Kb)
tered before your eyes, but you shall not eat of l-iK"! '^'n^K'p nuriJ "^jKy "qj? 2W1 i<b)
it; your ass shall be seized in front of you, and
Dy^ win: "^''riJni ^''J?32 -.^rpm "î^
it shall not be returned to you; your flock shall
-b2 DPf^N ril^î nlKT ?]"'rvi nriK
be delivered to your enemies, with none to help
"T|ri)p-Tx nQss :-;|-[T bi<,b pî nvn
you. 32Your sons and daughters shall be deliv-
ered to another people, whUe you look on; and
your eyes shall strain for them constantly, but : D-'?p:'n-'73 yiy-11 pw^ pi rr'^rii
you shall be helpless. ^Â people you do not iiyjs; i^ry nx~!?3?3 y^wn rT';'rT'i34
know shall eat up the produce of your soil and -bv vi ]^n\^3 n^n^, n33^^5 :nK"!ri
all your gains; you shall be abused and down- '73in-K'7 ii^K u^p'^'r[-b];^ ^3-!3ri
trodden continually, 34until you are driven mad
by what your eyes behold. -^5The Lord will afflict
-i\^K ~"q3^?3-nKT "^HK nin^ "^'71^ 36
you at the knees and thighs with a severe
inflammation, from which you shall never

nnx nîyiib nu/K 'lr'7K ^'^v Q""!?^
recover —from the sole of your foot to the yy DnriK a^rr'^K u\^ ^"i;iVl "^"'O^^l
crown of your head. m-'ju/^'i b\LJ}2b mip\LJb n^nv^: :]3kt

36The Lord will drive you, and the king you
have set over you, to a nation unknown to you ^VKn vv)2^ niiuri x^yln 3"} y"iT38
or your fathers, where you shall ser\'e other
yun D^n-is 39 :n3iKri '\:\bvn'>_ ^3
gods, of wood and stone. ^^You shall be a con-
\3 iAKfi iib) nnpn-iib ]".i rii3yi
sternation, a proverb, and a b^'word among all
-^733 "^b vri'! D-'n-'T 40 : ny'p'nn ia^3Kn
the peoples to which the Lord will drive you.
58Though you take much seed out to the field, :"?)n"'T '7\£7i 13 T|lbn Kb '])pu;i lb'13A
you shall gather in little, for the locust shall con- ^3 ']b vn^-iib) i^^ln nmi am-n
sume it. -^^Though you plant vineyards and till
them, you shall have no wine to drink or store,
for the worm shall devour them, ôxhough you

have olive trees throughout your territory, you
shall have no oil for anointment, for your olives
shall drop off. -i' Though you beget sons and
e Lit. "numbness of heart.'

f Cf.20.6.
435
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 28.41 ki tavo' Klin •>2 HD Dmi nmn
daughters, they shall not remain with you, for
they shall go into captivity. '^The cricket shall

take over all the trees and produce of your land.
i3The stranger in your midst shall rise above
you higher and higher, while you sink lower and
U7Kn^ njri-! Kin iî^n Kb nnKi iji^^
lower: 44he shall be your creditor, but you shall
he be the head and you the

:2i]b njnn nriKi
not be his; shall tail.
45A11 these curses shall befall you; they shall

pursue you and overtake you, until you are
wiped out, because you did not heed the Lord vriipn) vn'wn ipi^'p "^""ribij^ mn^
your God and keep the commandments and
laws that He enjoined upon you. -i^They shall
-Kb nipK nnri47 iDîviv "^vini
serve as signs and proofs against you and your
muni nnpu/n "^"^ribK mn:'-nK ninv
offspring for all time. 'i7Because you would not
-]VJK ^"'n'''KTiK niny") 4« : ^3 nin nn'?
serve the Lord your God in joy and gladness
over the abundance of everything, 48you shall
n'-fyni Kpyni nynn "qii nin-" ^}inb\u^
have to serve — in hunger and thirst, naked and IV '^'^K^xbvbn^. bv ]nji "73 iDnni
lacking everything —the enemies whom the :T]nK lT'nu;n
Lord will let loose against you. He will put an n^fpp pn-))? '1:^ '^''bv ^r[)r['' kw'>49
iron yoke upon your neck until He has wiped
nu7K m -iu;jri hk";"' "iu;k3 yjKn
you out.
'^\^K "•JQ TV •'lAso -AiMjb vnu/n-k^
**9The Lord will bring a nation against you
-.iw Kb nvJ") ]p.\b 'JQ Kti^-'-k'?
from afar, from the end of the earth, which will
swoop down like the eagle — a nation whose lan-

IV ^•^np-iK-'-iDT "jiriprin n? "^nxf 51
guage you do not understand, ^"a ruthless na- u/l-j-'n )r\ "Tib '^^kp'l-Kb i\iji<^ 'V|-in\i7n
tion, that will show the old no regard and the IV "^JK^^ ri"iriu;vi ^\s^k iw iny"'")
young no mercy, silt shall devour the offspring ^ni7u;-'733 -^b nyni 52 : -qnK if'nKri
of your cattle and the produce of your soil, until lyjK nlnynrn nirT3An''^"'rim n-[-i. iv
you have been wiped out, leaving you nothing
^•^b nym :]y-iK-'733 ]n3 nu'3 nriK
of new grain, wine, or oil, of the calving of your
mn;" ]r\; nu/K %-)k-'733 ^'-ii7u;-'733
herds and the lambing of your flocks, until it
nu73 "^;ip3-n5 n^^Kp-^ '^b "^'n'^K

has brought you to ruin. sÎt shall shut you up
in all your towns throughout your land until
every mighty, towering wall in which you trust i-^n^K ^'7 p-'^^nu/K plypni niypn
has come down. And when you are shut up in
all your towns throughout your land that the

Lord your God has assigned to you, 5-^you shall
eat your own issue, the flesh of your sons and

daughters that the Lord your God has assigned
lo you, because of the desperate straits to which
your enemy shall reduce you. ''He who is most
436
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 28.65 ki tavo' Klin •'3 n3 D''"im n-nn
tender and fastidious among you shall be too iry ynri iKp ijyni "^n ^"in \L;^Kn 54
mean to his brother and the wife of his bosom nu7K vn "inpi ip^n n\^KnT VriKn
and the children he has spared 55to share with
Vj:n ann nnn 55 niril"'
-ijz;5)p inis"? 1
any of them the flesh of the children that he eats,

nly?pn V3 l^-iixu/rr ''^np b^K"^ i\^k
because he has nothing else left as a result of
the desperate straits to which your enemy shall
reduce you in all your towns. 56And she who -Kb i]uK r[hvri'\ ^n ni)"in 56 : Tjnyu;
is most tender and dainty among you, so tender

and dainty that she would never venture to set nnni nf?^n \ij->k'2. nrv ynn ri'im
a foot on the ground, shall begrudge the hus-
band of her bosom, and her son and her daugh- D'73Kn-''3 ibn nu7K n"'hnT r[^%'^
ter, s^the afterbirth that issues from between her
-iii/K plyjpni nlyjps -inDS 73—iD'n^
legs and the babies she bears; she shall eat them
:^ni7u;3 ^n^K ^b p\y^
secretly, because of utter want, in the desperate
which your enemy
n3^-^3-nK nw:jb -iibpn iib-UK^s
straits to shall reduce you
in your towns.
58If you fail to observe faithfully all the terms n-TH K-jiJim i33^ri D^n-riK hki;'^''
of this Teaching that are written in this book, -riK n)ni Kb^ri"] 59 : '^•'ri''7K mn^ nx
to reverence this honored and awesome Name, ni'7131 niajp -^vy, man riKT -^nan
the Lord your God, 59the Lord will inflict ex-
traordinary plagues upon you and your off-

nu7K nnyjp nn?p-'73 riK -rin n-'u/ri'i 60
spring, strange and lasting plagues, malignant
^^^n-'73 n^('i :îi ^p2'r] nn^jQp nir
and chronic diseases. 60He will bring back up-
on you all the sicknesses of Egypt that you
nninn "iQps mriD iib nu/x n^'D-b'j']
dreaded so, and they shall cling to you. 6iMore- :ili?3\z;rT iv ^•''71; nin^ d'^v? riKtrr
over, the Lord will bring upon you all the other nu7K nnri uy?p ^nnn nn"iK^ji62
diseases and plagues that are not mentioned in k^-'3 nn^ a^niz^n "53133 nn^n
this book of Teaching, until you are wiped out. n^nffts :^"'rf'7K mn-' n:îa\u
'7li73
62You shall be left a scant few, after having been
'^n3riK :iy^'nb 3'''7y nin^ u/ti/nu/KS
as numerous as the stars in the skies, because
WD^bv mn^ w^pi ]3 b3nK nlînî
you did not heed the command of the Lord
your God. 63And as the Lord once delighted in
D3riK imprib^ Q3riK t'Dkh^
making you prosperous and many, so will the
-K3 nriKnu/K nmKn b^tz brinoji
Lord now delight in causing you to perish and -.nnp'ib n)3U7

in wiping you out; you shall be torn from the HYpp D"')3vrT''733 nin;" ^y''Qm64
land that you are about to enter and possess.
64The Lord will scatter you among all the
peoples from one end of the earth to the other,
K^ bnn d;iU3165 :]nK"j yy •^'nnKi
and there you shall serve other gods, wood and
stone, whom neither you nor your ancestors 'K non V. 57.
have experienced.^ 65Yet even among those na-
^ See note at 11.28.
437
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 28.65 ki tavo' Kinn "i^ nD "'"lin min
tions you shall find no peace, nor shall your foot ']nj"l T]'7n-qD^ nun n-'n^K'?") y'lnn
find a place to rest. The Lord will give you there
an anguished heart and eyes that pine and a de-
n>373 "^'7 w'Kbn ^'''n vri']^^ :U/3J
spondent spirit. f'^The life you face shall be pre-
carious; you shall be in terror, night and day,

nnyni n-iy IJ!!"'""')? inK'n "li^nnf-^
with no assurance of sur\dval. ''"In the morning
-iu;k ^nn^ fn^jp -ii7'3 ]n''-^r2 inK'n
you shall say, "If only it were evening!" and in
the evening you shall say, "If only it were :nK~!n i\^K "^""pv nK"!)37pT inDn
morning!" —because of what your heart shall
dread and your eyes shall see. ^^The Lord will
send you back to Egypt in galleys, by a route D-'iny'? ^''^:''k'7 du; Dni3nnrn
which I told you you should not see again.
D -.nip pK"! ninDu;'7T
There you shall offer yourselves for sale to your
enemies as male and female slaves, but none
mn*' my-nu/K nnîn nni n'7K69
will buy.
y-jKn "^Knu/^ ""J^'^K n^^2b nu/n-nx
69These are the terms of the covenant which

the Lord commanded Moses to conclude with 3 : 2in3
the Israelites in the land of Moab, in addition
to the covenant which He had made with them

at Horeb.
29 Moses summoned all Israel and said to bK']ii;'>-b2-bi<. nu/n Knp"! UD

them: WTibii. "IDK^l
You have seen all that the Lord did before

mn^ nti/y nu7K-'73 hk n"'K"i nnK
your very eyes in the land of Egypt, to Pharaoh
-^3^1 nV-)Q^ D''iV'? Yl^"^ DD^'ry^
and to all his courtiers and to his whole country:
2the wondrous feats that you saw with your own
eyes, those prodigious signs and marvels. ^Yet
"'HDnrn nnKH ^•ry wn û;^<:
to this day the Lord has not given you a mind :ib D3^ nin''']rirK'7v^ :Dnn D'-Viin
to understand or eyes to see or ears to hear. iv ynw"? D-'JTNT nlK-1'7 D^ryT nvi^
•I led you through the wilderness forty years; :nTri uvn
the clothes on your back did not wear out, nor
did the sandals on your feet; 5you had no bread

-inT2b\iJ ^b^-tib
and no wine or other intoxicant to
to eat
nnb^K i<b nn^_3 -.-^^^bri bm nnb3
drink — that you might know that I the Lord
•3 lyin ]V'nb dhtiu/ i<b ^2\u^ i^.i
am your God.
'^When you reached this place. King Sihon of
Hcshbon and King Og of Bashan came out to fn-'D KY"! mn mpnn-b'K m'3riif
engage us in battle, but we defeated them. ''We
—
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 29.19 nitsavim o'lnyj U3 D''~i:i"l min
took their land and gave it to the Reubenites,
the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh as
their heritage. ^Therefore observe faithfully all
the terms of this covenant, that you may succeed
in all that you undertake.
NITSAVIM
9You stand this day, all of you, before the mn"' î^b DD^3 hvr\ D"'n:^j dîk?
Lord your God — your tribal heads, your elders bDî^pT DD-'UnU; 3"'\^X"! D3"'n'7K
and your officials, all the men of Israel, 'Oyour
children, your wives, even the stranger within

nun)p T'Jnjp nnj;^ "ii^k •^'i^) n2'>\ij^
your camp, from woodchopper to water
drawer — ^to enter into the covenant of the
Lord your God, which the Lord your God is

"^'rf'7K r]'p'> hu/K in^KiT Tl}^^ ™^
concluding with you this day, with its sanc- "^nx-D-'pri ]Vpî- :ni'i;'n ^t^v nna
tions;" i-to the end that He may estabHsh you n"'n''7K'7 ^"^V-n^n^ Kirri uvb ^b i uvn
this day as His people and be your God, as He ^'nnK^ V?\^j '^\ui<.'2)
n,V"">^1 "i^^5
promised you and as He swore to your fathers, a^riK Kb) 13 .:i\P^,^b) pny''^ i=ij71?iS^
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. ^H make this cov-
riKTrr nnsn-riK h-fa ""jjk npin^
enant, with its sanctions, not with you alone,
iju;^ nu/K-nK""":} 14 :nKfn n'^Kn-riKi
i4but both with those who are standing here
^:i''ribK npT \^^b Dl% npV \2i2v n3
with us this day before the Lord our God and
with those who are not with us here this day. : nvri ij)3v n'3 liirK iu/k nk)
i5Well you know that we dwelt in the land
of Egypt and that we passed through the midst

of various other nations; J6and you have seen -riK mnrii 16 tnnnnv nu/K umn
the detestable things and the fetishes of wood
and stone, silver and gold, that they keep, ^Per- i
\:7"'K DDn u;"'-]Qi7 :nri?3V i\uk nnn

chance there is among you some man or
nu7K unu7-iK nriQU/n Ik nfK"i><
woman, or some clan or tribe, whose heart is
even now turning away from the Lord our God ^^'>tibK nrni bvn hvn np iin^
to go and worship the gods of those nations nnn nmn -^ribK-n^ n'ni/^ riD^^
perchance there is among you a stock sprouting :nji7^'i u/Kh ni3 u/nu/ nin \uj-]^
poison weed and wormwood. 'SWhen such a nwn n^KH nn'iTiK "iyjpu/n n^m is
one hears the words of these sanctions, he may u^bû hbK"? inn"?!! îiinrTi
'^-ni^n;'
fancy himselfimmune, thinking, "I shall be safe,
nnn niQp ]v.p^ '^bK '''^.b nniu/:? ^p
though I follow my own willful heart" — to the
'^b ri'7D nin'' nnk^'-K'? 19 :nK}32^nTiK
utter ruin of moist and dry alike.'' I'^The Lord
a I.e., the curses thai violations of the coveiuitit will entail.
b I.e., everything.
439
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 29.19 nitsavim D''nyj U3 D"""!!!! rmn
will never forgive him; rather will the Lord's

anger and passion rage against that man, till
every sanction recorded in this book comes nnnp i)bu7-nK h}r[i nnni nT.n -iqd?
down upon him, and the Lord blots out his
name from under heaven.

y2\u b''2i2 nijib hitt^ i^"'^nrT)2o
20The Lord will single them*^ out from all the
tribes of Israel for misfortune, in accordance

nfnnan nnnn ni^K "733 '^k-ju;;'
with all the sanctions of the covenant recorded ii"in "i)QKi2i .riiri nninn napn
in this book of Teaching. 2iAnd later genera- 5nnK)3 \mpi ^\ui<. b^^j^ ]linKn
tions will ask —the children who succeed you,
and foreigners who come from distant lands rr'K^'nri-nKi î<.^r\^
ni^"? J^'isJp'nK
and see the plagues and diseases that the Lord
"nbrz) nn3^22 :nn mn'' n^n-i\^K
has inflicted upon that land,
astated by sulfur and salt,
22all its soil
beyond sowing and

dev-
nnyn k^t Wn i<b ny-ix-'?^ npnU;
nip riDsnna ^t^y^'^B nn nî/^K^"!
producing, no grass growing in it, just like the
upheaval of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and

T|Qn iWK D''lny^ a-'^n:/T n)p"|K niav"!
Zeboiim, which the Lord overthrew in His D"'l:irT-b'3 npK") 23 : iriDnnT Iqkh n)n''
fierce anger — 23all nations will ask, "Why did nK-Tn Y^Kb hdzi mn-" ntz;v m^-bv
the Lord do thus to this land? Wherefore that bv^ npK"! 24 : njn b^-j^ri c^kh nn np
awful wrath?" 24They will be told, "Because they
annK '>ribK mn*' nnn-riK liTV "iu;k
forsook the covenant that the Lord, God of
y-iKD DnK iK"'Vinn dkjv ^y^ "^î^
their fathers, made with them when He freed
nnriK n^ribi<. myîT ^5^:'"!25 :Dny?p
them from the land of Egypt; 25they turned to
the service of other gods and worshiped them,
godswhom they had not experienced"^ and y-iKn mn"" c]K-nn;'T 26 : nnb pbn k^t
whom He had not allotted^ to them. 26So the n^^pn'^^BTiK Vi-i^y i^''?^^^ ^"'H'^
Lord was incensed at that land and brought
upon it all the curses recorded in this book. bM^ n??nm C1K3 nnniK b^n
I^R^''
27The Lord uprooted them from their soil in
nipK
.niri nv'2 y"!K-'7K *D57\f7;|T
anger, fury, and great wrath, and cast them into
^nb n^^^ni ^J\n'7K mn^b? n"-inp^n28
another land, as is still the case."
28Concealed acts concern the Lord our God;

but with overt acts, it is for us and our children D :nwn niinn
ever to apply all the provisions of this Teaching.
30 When all these things befall you — the Dnniri-'73 tj-'^v iKi^-iD °n^rn b
blessing and the curse that I have set before
you —and you take them to heart amidst the
c I.e., clan or tribe, v. 17.

c'raipn ut\vm ""sh Tiai -b v. 27.
d See note at 11.28.
e See 4.19-20.
cnoTJ 'Dbn ,1 'i
•>
'J '2 "? '1 "i 'J 'h hv Tip: v. 28.
V hv Tipo Di D''"7aipn
440
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 30.13 nitsavim •'lyj h D"'"i:n n-nn
various nations to which the Lord your God

has banished you, ând you return to the Lord ^33 i'^pn v\vrlw^ nF"'-iv
Vt*"^^
your God, and you and your children heed His -73:1 ^'jnT nriK l^'n ^^v?3 ^3JK-nu;K
command with all your heart and soul, just as
'?]^rf'7K mn^ nu/T-^ :û;Dr^33T ^nn'p
I enjoin upon you this day, ^then the Lord your
-"73)3 "î^npi 3U71 ^pnii 3|ninu7-nK
God will restore your fortunes" and take you
n?3u; "^'rf'^K mn;' jivpn "iu;k w^-kvr}
back in love. He wiU bring you together again
:
from all the peoples where the Lord your God D\i7)p D-ipii^rT nyp3 "^n-ij n;'n:'-DK4
has scattered you. -Êven if your outcasts are at I'^nj?'' uwyy^ T'n'^x mn^ ^^rnp"'
--
the ends of the world,'' from there the Lord your iu;k y"!KrT-'7K "^""rpK mn"" %"'3ni. 5
God will gather you, from there He will fetch

^nnrn jinp-'nT nriU7i''i "^"'nnK w^;]
you. 5And the Lord your God will bring you
to the land that your fathers possessed, and you
shall possess it; and He will make you more
-733 ^'ri'7K mn^-JiK niriK^ ^y-iT
prosperous and more numerous than your
fathers.
']n31~ :^'''|n \)jrib û;3r'733T ^33^
^Then the Lord your God will open upi^your nbKT} ni'7Kn-'73 nx ^"'h'^k mn;'
heart and the hearts of your offspring to love :^13~[1 1U7K ^•'KJt:;-'7Vl ^''3^K-'7V
the Lord your God with all your heart and soul, mn;" '71173 riyp^l ^^^0 nnxi^
in order that you may live. -'The Lord your God îy?p '^JK "ij^K T'mYp-'73-nK n-'tz/yi
will inflict all those curses upon the enemies and
I te '^'n'7K nim '?i-i''riim "^
:Di='n
foes who persecuted you. '"^You, however, will
^n?pn3 n33T '=iJU3 ^33 ^m ni^y??
again heed the Lord and obey all His com-
mandments that I enjoin upon you this day.
ri]:^-', 31u;t i 's n3iu'7 ^riniK n23T
9And the Lord your God will grant you abound-

-7:7 U7ti7-nu7K3 3lu'7 ^-'^v m'^b
ing prosperity in all your undertakings, in the •^•'n'7K mm''7lp3 vnwn "is 10 :^"'n3K
issue of your womb, the offspring of your cattle, "iDp3 nfnnsn vripni Tim^?? ~\y^^b
and the produce of your soil. For the Lord will
^'n'7K mn''-'7K 3iu;n "'s njn nninn
again delight in your well-being, as He did in
3 :Û;3r'7331 ^33'7-'733
that of your fathers, ^'^since you will be heeding
^lyp •'3JK nu;K nKTn mY)3n '311
the Lord your God and keeping His command-
ments and laws that are recorded in this book
npn"! k'7'1 '^?3?3 Kin nK'73rk'7 nvn
of the Teaching —once you return to the Lord
ip iWK'? Kin D"'p\i73 Kî^ :Kin
your God with all your heart and soul. ^yvmj''^ Mb nnj?''! h)p:'jb\i/n ^:h-r\bv1
1 iSurely, this Instruction which I enjoin upon Kin D'''7 -i3yn-K'7i 13 : n3U7yji nn'K
you this day is not too baffling for you, nor is
it beyond reach. i2it is not in the heavens, that

you should say, "Who among us can go up to
the heavens and get it for us and impart it to
us, that we may observe it?" '^Neither is it be-
a Others "captivity."
b lit. "sky."
c Others "circumcise.'
441
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 30.13 nitsavim n-inyj b Q"'i:3T n-nn
yond the sea, that you should say, "Who among

us can cross to the other side of the sea and get nni7-'3i'i :mtz;i;jT nn'K iJV)3u;î ^2^
it for us and impart it to us, that we may observe ^:23^nT •7]">p3 iKTp -in"irT ^''pK
it?" i^No, the thing is very close to you, in your
mouth and in your heart, to observe it.
n-'iinn-nK Di^n V^?"^ ^^^^ ^^1 '^

i?See, I set before you this day life and pros-
:y"in-nKi niKjn-nK") niun-riKi
perity, death and adversity. '^For'' I command
you this day, to love the Lord your God, to walk -riK nnrjK^ hvn "^lyp ""pJK iwk i6
in His ways, and to keep His commandments. î'n\ub^ v6't\:i riD"?^ V"^"^^ •^F"'
may thrive and
His laws, and His rules, that you
increase, and that the Lord your God may bless
you in the land that you are about to enter and

possess. '^But if your heart turns away and you
give no heed, and are lured into the worship and
service of other gods, ^H declare to you this day
ni% b3^ ""JTrAnis :nmni;i anriK
that you shall certainly perish; you shall not long -bv bip^ jDnKJi-K'? innxn inK ^2
endure on the soil that you are crossing the Jor- kn^ ]'in:'n-nK nnV nriK iu/k nniKn
dan to enter and possess. I'Î call heaven and bi^n D33 ""niivniy :nri\z;-i'7 nipw
earth to witness against you this day: I have put
before you life and death, blessing and curse.
^rinnnT ^nn:
n'7'ppni r['2']:ir[ '^'>^^b
Choose life — if you and your offspring would
:î;-!n nnx n^nn ]VT2b D^^nn
live — 2oby loving the Lord your God, heeding
iVpn V)2pb "^"^ribK nin^-riK nnnx'7 20
His commands, and holding fast to Him. For
thereby you shall have life and shall long endure
^"n^ "^-iKi ~T]-'^n Kin ""s 'in"ni7n-t'7T
upon the soil that the Lord swore to your an- mn"" yiu/j nu/x nbiKn-'?!; nnu;^
cestors, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, to give to
them. a :urtb
Q VA-YELEKH
Kb
-|
i7^,
w/ J- "-Moses went and spoke" these things
to all Israel. 2He said to them:
am now one hundred and twenty years old,

I
-i<b Dl^n ^'pJK nw nntz/yi nxn-jn
I can no longer ''be active.'' Moreover, the
''7K nwK bin"'). Kln^T hky^ ny "^dik
Lord has said to me, "You shall not go across
mn"" ' :nTn n"!:'n-nK inyn k"?
yonder Jordan." 'The Lord your God Himself
will cross over before you; and He Himself will -fnw^-Kin ^"'JD'7 -]2V I Kin "^"'ri'^K
wipe out those nations from your path and you Dnu;-i''T ^'JsVp n^Kn D-'Un-nK
shall dispossess them. — Joshua is the one who
d Septnagint reads "If you obey the commtindments of the Lord

your God, which.
a-a An artcient Heb. m$. and the Septuagint read: "When Moses
had finished speaking ..."; cf. 29.1.
h-b Lit. "come and go."
442
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 31.14 va-yelekh l'?"'!
ab D''"in n-nn
shall cross before you, as the Lord has n^T "1WK3 '^•'JQ^ "ily Kin vu/in^
spoken. — "^The Lord will do to them as He did nii/y nu/K? unb nin"" niz/yi ^ : nrni
to Sihon and Og, kings of the Amorites, and to
their countries, when He wiped them out. ^The
Lord will deliver them up to you, and you shaU
my)3rT-'7D3 unb nn"'U7i7T n3"'jQ^
deal with them in fuU accordance with the In-
-7K lYJpK") Iptne :D3riK ÎT'IY "lU/K
struction that I have enjoined upon you. ^Be
strong and resolute, be not in fear or in dread
of them; for the Lord your God Himself Kb) -riQ-iT k^ ^)3V î^nn Kin T'n'7K
marches with you: He will not fail you or for-
sake you. '>pvb vbK "i)3K''T vij'\r[^b nii'n xnp'T 7
7Then Moses called Joshua and said to him

in the sight of aU Israel: "Be strong and resolute,
v^m ^^\iJK y"iKri-'7K n-Trr ayn-riK
for it is you who shall go with this people into
the land that the Lord swore to their fathers to
njiKT nn^ nn^ onnK^ mn;'
give them, and it is you who shall apportion it

"qVnn I Kin n)n^}» :anlK m^^Tijn
to them. 8And the Lord Himself will go before Kb) '^By_ i<b i\BV njni K^n ^'iQ^
you. He will be with you; He will not fail you :nnn Kb) kth kV ^niv,'!
or forsake you. Fear not and be not dismayed!" nJrr'T riK-Tri nninn-riK nu/b Iri3'i9
^Moses wrote down this Teaching and gave ]i-iK-nK D-'KU/an ^]b ""jn b"'jn'3ri-'7K
it to the priests, sons of Levi, who carried the
:'7K"it:7T •'jpT-'73-'7Ki niH^ nns
Ark of the Lord's Covenant, and to all the elders
ynu; 1
y^)2 -ir^Kb un)K nu/n lyî 10
of Israel.
lOAnd Moses instructed them as follows:
: nisDn Ann nujpii/n n)vj nybn nîu;
Every seventh year,'" the year set for remission,
at the Feast of Booths, ''when all Israel comes -riK Knpn inn"' nu/K nipjan "^""tj^K
to appear before the Lord your God in the place : Dn"'JTK2i '7Knt^"'-'73 T^j JiKTri niinn
that He will choose, you shall read this Teach- b''u;|m D^wjxn yn-nx "7^^012
ing aloud in the presence of all Israel. '^Gather
ii773\i7"' jvb^ ^''^.V^^ "1^^ T^^'\ 'ûm
the people —men, women, children, and the
DDiri'pK mnTnK ^ki^) nip^^ ]^y?b^
strangers in your communities — that they may
hear and so learn to revere the Lord your God
nninn n3^-'73-nK mti/y^ ^l^^l
and to observe faithfully every word of this
-'73 mn^-riK
Teaching. i3Their children, too, who have not D3''r1'7K r^K'i-'b nnjpi
had the experience, shall hear and learn to re- n)piKrT-'7V h^^n nnK '^vjK wi^^ri
vere the Lord your God as long as they live in
the land that you are about to cross the Jordan

D -.Tirwu'ib
to possess.
'4The Lord said to Moses: The time is draw-

ing near for you to die. Call Joshua and present
br\K:i i32^Tim yu/in-'-riK Knp "m)2b
c See note at 15.1.
443
TOKAH DEUTERONOMY 31.14 va-yelekh '}b^<^ Kb D"'~i:il nim
Nourselves in the Tent of Meeting, that I may

instruct him. Moses and Joshua went and pre-
sented themselves in the Tent of Meeting. '^The nnsj-'^v "f'^^V""] ]^v

l^VC' "'"'^V
Lord appeared in the Tent, in a pillar of cloud,
the pillar of cloud having come to rest at the

-DV ns'i:; T)3n nû'-n-bK n)r[-', i)?k''"! i'^
entrance of the tent.

•f^The Lord said to Moses: You are soon to
I niiK I mn n-in nvn bpi "^^nnK
lie with your fathers. This people will thereupon n)2U7-Kn Kin "i\z;k yiKn-n^j -^ribK
go astray after the alien gods in their midst, in nu/K •'n-'-in-nK -ism "'JnTvi linnpn
the land that they are about to enter; they will Kinn-D'i''n in 'Sk nnm 17 :inK ""nin
forsake Me and break My covenant that made I
n^rn bnip 'jd "'Fiiriprn n^rmti;"!
with them. "Then My anger will flare up against
'
inKi nnyi nini niy"! inKYpi b'-j^b

them, and will abandon them and hide My
I
'inpn'-'rf^K ]"'K-'3 bv i<b'r\ Kinn uv'^
countenance from them. They shall be ready
-inpn '5JK1 18 :n^Kri nivnn ijiKYn
prey; and many evils and troubles shall befall
them. And they shall say on that day, "Surely

nvnn-'â bv Kinn nl^n ^jq i^riDK
it is because our God is not in our midst that

these evils have befallen us." '^Yet I will keep HK-tn nn-'iyrrnK nn'p inns nriyi '^
My countenance hidden on that day, because nn''Qn n)2^\u '7K-iu;-'-'jn-nK niâ'pT

of all the evil they have done in turning to other 'Jill ivb nKTH r['v\i;'r[ ^b-'n'>r\r\ iv^"?
gods. •'^Therefore, write down this poem and
I nmKri-'7K iJK'-nK-'nô :':'K-jt^"'
teach it to the people of Israel; put it in their
u/nm b^n nnr TinnK"? Tivnii/rnu/K
mouths, in order that this poem may be My wit-
D-'r1'7K-'7K njQT ]py\ ynu7T b'pKi
ness against the people of Israel. 20When I bring
them into the land flowing with milk and honey -riK "iQni ^JiYKJi anni/T nnriK
that I promised on oath to their fathers, and they niy-j iriK îKynn-is n^nfî r^nnn
eat their fill and grow fat and turn to other gods riK-Tn nyMjn nnjyi' hl-i^T ninn
and serve them, spurning Me and breaking My ly-iT iQp npii^n i<b "'3 ivb vz^b
covenant, - 'and the many evils and troubles be-
hU/V Kin iu;k iiv^TiK t\vii â
fall them — then this poem shall confront them
"iu;k y-)Kn-'7K i^k^dk niun uvr[
as a witness, since it will never be lost from the
mouth of their offspring. For know what I plans
they are devising even now, before I bring them Di')3 riKTH n"i''\:7rT-nK nu/a nnn"! n
into the land that I promised on oath. :bi<.-]p-> ""jn-nK ni)3'7''i i<,^r[^[
--That day, Moses wrote down this poem and pin "-lak"! ]ir]3 yu/in-'-nK ly^v
taught it to the Israelites. '7K1U;'' 'J3T1K K"'nn nnK ^3 V^nt
-Ând He charged Joshua son of Nun: "Be
strong and resolute: for you shall bring the Is-
:^)3y n";.nK
raelites into the land that I promised them on
nni-riK nnn"? nwb nl'733 1 'n"'i24
oath, and I will be with you."
24When Moses had put down in writing the
444
— — ;
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 32.5 haazinu ij^TKn nb D''"i:21 nmn
words of this Teaching to the very end, 25Moses ^^'>^ 25 : ui^n iv lap-'^v nxTn-nninn
charged the Levites who carried the Ark of the
Covenant of the Lord, saying: 26Take this book nninn "iQp nx np^26 -.-iriKb
n-fn
of Teaching and place it beside the Ark of the
n'in''-nn5 ]1"!K 1^12 in'K Qn^wi
Covenant of the Lord your God, and let it re-
'pjK '3 27 : -ty'7 •^n Du;-n^m 3"'ri'7K
main there as a witness against you. 27Well I
know how defiant and stiffnecked you are: even

now, while I am still alive in your midst, you un''r\ Dnp)? ni^n npiav in """nlys
have been defiant toward the Lord; how much 'I'^VP'^ '^ '•
"'^''^ îni<"''3
n^l nin^-QV
more, then, when I am dead! 28Gather to me
all the elders of your tribes and your officials,
that may speak all these words to them and

I
ni nTyKi
:yiKri-nK"i D^'aii^nTiK
that I may call heaven and earth to witness
nnu;rT-'3 ^^nm nnx ''r\V'T -'329
against them. ^^For I know that, when I am
^n-'iy -i\z;k 'n"i,"irT-])p DnipT ]innu;ri
dead, you will act wickedly and turn away from
the path that I enjoined upon you, and that in nnnK^ -^Vli^ °?^^ J^^li?") ^?^^
time to come misfortune will befall you for hav-
ing done evil in the sight of the Lord and vexed rDD"'']."' nU7y)33 lD"'V3n'7
Him by your deeds. bkiiu'' ^r[\p-b3 ^^jmn nu;n ~i3TT3o
30Then Moses recited the words of this poem
to the very end, in the hearing of the whole con-
gregation of Israel:
>^/-\ HA'AZINU
^ Z^ Give ear, O heavens, let me speak; nnnnxT n^Jpî/n ^rixn* n"?
Let the earth hear the words I utter! :"'Q-n?pK y-iKPi ypu/riT
2May my discourse come down as the rain, Tip^ nu)33 iqny;: 2
My speech distill as the dew. 'nnpK Û3 "75^

Like showers on young growth.
KU7"i-''7i7 nn^vti^?
Like droplets on the grass."
3For the name of the Lord I proclaim;

KnpK mn^ du; 's 3
Give glory to our God!

: ^rrf'7K'7 h-i}. nn
4The Rock! —His deeds are perfect. i,bvB n-'pn '"nyrT4
Yea, all His ways are just;
A faithful God, never false, 71:7 ]iKi n^mK '7K

True and upright is He. :K^n "lip^l p'l'lV
5''Children unworthy of Him
u)2m vjs i<b 1^ nnu; 5
That crooked, perverse generation

Their baseness has played Him false.
•Qî ,nmu; 37-a rri'^mn miy A:hv Tin anâ v. 1.
a I.e., may my words be received eagerly; cf. Job 29,22-23. rn-nw 70-3 nnnsj kti ,n-nn nso nn^na maVn
b Meaning ofHeb. uncertain.
445
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 32.6 haazinu irTKH nV D"'~!:2~r n-nn
''Do you thus requite the Lord,

O dull and witless people? DDn k'?! b22 Di7
Is not He the Father who created you,
Fashioned you and made you endure! t'^jp'-T Tju/i; Kin
'Remember the days of old.
Consider the years of ages past;
Ask your father, he will inform you, -Tj-iPI '•^'iK bK\iJ
Your elders, they will tell you:
swhen the Most High gave nations their
homes
And set the divisions of man,
He fixed the boundaries of peoples
In relation to Israel's numbers.

l?3y nln^ pbn >p'^
'^For the Lord's portion is His people,

:ln^nj b:in :ipv->_
lacob His own allotment.
"inijp y-iKn inNYp;' lo
'"He found him in a desert region.

In an empty howling waste.
He engirded him, watched over him,

Guarded him as the pupil of His eye. lip -I'lyT iu;b "
I'Like an eagle who rouses his nestlings,
Gliding down to his young.

inrii?'' Vqj3 \u'i^'>
So did He spread His wings and take him.
Bear him along on His pinions;
^hm1 "["Til mn"' 12
i^The Lord alone did guide him,
:-|DJ bi<, 1)3i; I^KT
No alien god at His side.
ynx ^nn^ •'mj3n-'7V innp-i^ '3
'-''He set him atop the highlands.
To feast on the yield of the earth;
He fed him honey from the crag. my w^-nbnr: ]r}\u']
And oil from the flinty rock,

]KY :\bm ^p:i riK^n i-i
'''Curd of kine and milk of flocks;
With the best<^ of lambs,

aninvi l^;i""'J? ^''^''i<')
And rams of Bashan, and he-goats;
nun nvâ n^n-DV
With the ''very finest'' wheat
:-inn-nnu;n njy-DiT
And foaming grape-blood was your drink.
uvn"! inu;"' ])2]u'>) 1^
'5So leshurun grew fat and kicked nw2 rr'ny nmw

You grew fat and gross and coarse inti;y nl'^K Vu"!
He forsook the God who made him
c Lit. "fat."
d-d 'kidney fat of.
e Meaning of Hcb. iimerliiin.

446
TOR.\H DEUTERONOMY 32.27 ha'azinu nj-iTKn n"? "'"im nmn
And spurned the Rock of his support.

i^They incensed Him with ahen things,
Vexed Him with abominations. :inp"'yp:' nnyinn
i"They sacrificed to demons, no-gods,
Gods they had never known, my-fi i<b D^nb'x
Xew ones, who came but lately,
/-Who stirred not your fathers' fears.-/

:D3"'rinK nnyu; i<.b
i^You neglected the Rock that begot you.
*-'^n 'pb'! -ny 18
Forgot the God who brought you forth.
.^bbnr: bK nau/ni
i^The Lord saw and was vexed
.\nd spurned His sons and His daughters.
yKj"! mn^ K'y>^ 19
20He said:
I ^sill hide My countenance from them.

And see how they fare in the end. DjinriK np hk-ik
For thev are a treacherous breed,
Children \vith no loyalt)' in them. :Dn i^px-x"? wn
-iThey incensed Me with no-gods, bi<,-t(b:\ ^J^^Jp nn:!
Vexed Me \Nith their futilities;*'
ril incense them with a no-folk,
\'ex them \vith a nation of fools. :np"'V=3>^ b:i^ ^nn

--For a fire has flared in My wTath 'BKn nnip u/K-â ^-2
Ând burned to the bottom of Sheol,

ji^nnn b^ûj-lv '^\P_'>r\^
Has consumed the earth and its increase.

nb2^^ y"iK '^DKm.
Eaten down to the base of the hills.
:°nrT ""iDDa un^rn.
--'I will s\\'eep^' misfortunes on them.
Use up My arro\vs on them:
:Dn-n^3K 'Yn
-iWasting famine, ravaging plague.
Deadly pestilence, and fanged beasts
\V']R I let loose against them,
With venomous creepers in dust.
-5The sword shall deal death without, :n3V ^bm nnrunv

As shall the terror within.
To youth and maiden alike,
The suckling as well as the aged.
26/1-1 might ha\-e reduced them to naught,-^' :nn''ti7 \:7iK-Di7 pji-'
Made their memor}- cease among men,

2"But for fear of the taunts of the foe. wuxn
:a"l3T nrr'nu/K
-nix n:'iK oy? ''pi'? -
/-/ Meaning of Heb. uncertain; Arabic sha'ara suggests the
rendering °\Vhom your fathers did not Jbio»v."
g I.e., idols. a-i^nipa 'nmj -"s? ntivt •'

v. is.
h-h Lit "I said, I iWU reduce..."; meaning of Heb. 'aph'ehem
uncertain.
447
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 32.27 ha'azinu ijnKn n"? '~i:i"I niin
Their enemies who might misjudge

And say, "Our own hand has prevailed;
None of this was wrought by the Lord!" :nNT-'7D bvB mn"" kî
-^'For they are a folk void of sense,
Lacking in all discernment. :njinn nnii pKT

29Were they wise, they would think upon this. riKT ^b''3p'^ m^n ^b 2v
Gain insight into their future:
^""How could one have routed a thousand.

t]bk hfiK ^1•^^> nS^K 30
Or two put ten thousand to flight.

nnnn iD^r u->;m
Unless their Rock had sold them.
The Lord had given them up?"
3 'For their rock is not like our Rock,
D-i^Y ^^^^^^2 Kb ""s 31
Hn our enemies' own*^ estimation. -i
32Ah! The vine for them is from Sodom,

njQA DID lQA)3-"'3 32
From the vineyards of Gomorrah;
The grapes for them are poison,
A bitter growth their clusters.

:iD^ ninn ri'73u;K
33Their wine is the venom of asps.
DJ"':' DJ"'3n npn 33
The pitiless poison of vipers.
-.^pif. D-'jns vJK'y]
34Lo, I have it all put away,
Sealed up in My storehouses, njay Dp3 Kin-K"?:! 34
35To be My vengeance and recompense.

At the time that their foot falters.
ub\u^ bi7J ''b 35
Yea, their day of disaster is near. ubyi uinn nv'^

And destiny rushes upon them. DTK uv nnj? ""B
3^For the Lord will vindicate His people

:inb' mny wm
iray mn^ 1''T-"'3 36
'And take revenge for' His servants,
tjnjjp"' T'-]3i;-'7i;i
When He sees that their might is gone,
And neither bond nor free is left.
^''He will say: Where are their gods,

:mTyT iiyy dqki
The rock in whom they sought refuge, in"'n'7K "IK npKi 37
38Who ate the fat of their offerings iln vvn nw

And drank their libation wine? I'^DK"' in^nni n^n -iii/K 38
Let them rise up to your help.

And let them be a shield unto you! D3-iTv:'T ^)2^p1
39See, then, that \, I am He; : nnriD DD-'b'y irr-
Kin 'JK ^3K ""3 nnv 1 ik"i ^-j
/ Here, apparently, Moses is the speaker; Cod resumes m v. 32.
j-j I.e., as ei'eryonc must admit.

k For Heh. pelilim see Exod. 21.22; cf. Gen. 48.11.
I-I Cf. Isa. 1.24. Others "and repent Himself concerning."
448
— —
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 32.50 haazinu irmn :ib Dnm nmrr
There is no god beside Me.

I deal death and give life;
I wounded and I will heal:
None can deliver from My hand.

40Lo, I raise My hand to heaven
And say: As I live forever,
4iWhen I whet My flashing blade

'inn p-]3. ^nliiU7-aK 41
And My hand lays hold on judgment,

IT uQu/jpn Tnxni
Vengeance will I wreak on My foes.
Will I deal to those who reject Me.
421 will make My arrows drunk with blood
n^)p lyn TiBU^K 42
As My sword devours flesh
Blood of the slain and the captive

From the long-haired enemy chiefs.
:n"'iK nivnQ u/x'nn
430 nations, acclaim His people!
i?2y Q^l:\ iJ"'3~!rT43
For He'll avenge the blood of His servants,
Wreak vengeance on His foes.
And cleanse the land of His people.'"

Q :i?3V '\rii;ili<> "1331
44Moses came, together with Hosea son of Nun,

and recited all the words of this poem in the
n3"i-'73TiK "ini""! nm Kn''i44
hearing of the people. vu7im Kin Dyn ""jmn nKTn-nnîi/n

45And when Moses finished reciting all these :]ir]3
words to all Israel, 46he said to them: Take to
heart all the words with which I have warned Unbi<. "l)pK^l46 : '7K"JU;t'73-'7K h^kh
you this day. Enjoin them upon your children,
that they may observe faithfully all the terms of
DD-'jn-nK niYn '^pi^^ uvri D33 T'V'?
this Teaching. ^/Por this is not a trifling thing
n-iinn nnTb'a-nK nitl/y^ "^^^b
for you: it is your ver)' life; through it you shall
long endure on the land that you are to possess D3^p Kin pn i^-i-k'p ^3 47 :nwn
upon crossing the Jordan. u^T2i i3nKri nfrr ~i3^3t D3"n Kin-'3
48That very day the Lord spoke to Moses: -riK nnny djik -]\uk nmKn-'7V
49Ascend these heights of Abarim to Mount
Nebo, which is in the land of Moab facing Jer-
HTn uvn DYvn nvJ'r^-bii mn"! -ini-'i 48
icho, and view the land of Canaan, which I am
n-tn Dnnyn 'nri-b^ nbv^^ :^r2i<.b
giving the Israelites as their holding. soYou shall
•'jQ-'7y "IU7K iKin ynKn "IU7N inrnn
die on the mountain that you are about to as-
]nj -"JK "lU/K ]VJ3 V"!K-nK HK-iT 1171:'
cend, and shall be gathered to your kin, as your
brother Aaron died on Mount Hor and was -iiz;k Sn3 nm 30 : n^nK^ '^'Knt^"' "^nb
"^"')3V"'7K r|pKrn n?2\i; nVy nriK

m Cf. Num. 35.33. Meaning of Heb. uncertain; Ugaritic 'udm't
"tears" suggests the rendering "And wipe away His people's
tears." Cf. Isa. 25.8.
449
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 32.51 haazinu i3nKn :ib ''"im n-nn
gathered to his kin; -''ifor you both broke faith c^DKî "inn ins Ti^nK pnK nnniz/K?
with Me among the Israelite people, at the wa-
ters of Meribath-kadesh in the wilderness of

Zin, by failing to uphold My sanctity among the
^n ^mn 'niK bnu/^p-K"? -iu/k bv
Israelite people. 52You may view the land from
a distance, but you shall not enter it — the land
that I am giving to the Israelite people.
QQ \'E-ZO'T HA-BERAKHAH HD-inn DKn

^^ This is the blessing with which Moses, :h
the man of God, bade the Israelites farewell be- JQ^ hipû''^ '')'2rni<, n"'rF'7Kri ^î<.
fore he died. -He said:
The Lord came from Sinai;
He shone upon them from Seir;

\nb n'lviyp nnn
He appeared from Mount Paran,
And approached from Ribeboth-kodesh," jnKB "inn V'lDln
Lightning flashing at them from His right.''
3' Lover, indeed, of the people.
Their hallowed are all in Your hand.

They followed in Your steps.
^T^ T'U;ii?-'73
Accepting Your pronouncements,
^When Moses charged us with the Teaching
As the heritage of the congregation of Jacob.
'Then He became King in Jeshurun,
When the heads of the people assembled, :^'i?i(? riVnp nu/nin

The tribes of Israel together.
6May Reuben live and not die,
Though few be :'7K~iU;"' 'unu; ini

his numbers.
"And this he said of Judah:

Hear, O Lord the voice of Judah
And restore him to his people.
''Though his own hands strive for him,''
Help him against his foes.
a Cf. MeribathkatUsh, 32.51.

b Meaning of Heb. mimino 'cshdath uncertain, perhaps a place
name.
The meaning of\-\: 3-5 is uncertain. An alternative rendering,
with V. 3 apostrophizing Moses, is: "Then were, O lover of the
people, I All His worshipers in your care; I They followed your
lead, I Accepted your precepts. I 'Moses charged us with the
Teaching I As the heritage of the congregation of Jacob. /'•Thus
was he king in Jeshurun...
d-d Better {vocalizing rab with pathah)''MaJlc« his hands strong
for him." Cf rabbch, Judg. 9.29.
450
" "
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 33.16 ve-zo't ha-berakhah riD-inn riKn >b Wl'^l n-nn
8And of Levi he said:
Let Your Thummim and Urim

Be with Your faithful one,
Whom You tested at Massah,

Challenged at the waters of Meribah;
^Who said of his father and mother,
"I consider them not."
\'ni<h^ vi^b "inKrT9
His brothers he disregarded.

Ignored his own children. T'ijn iib vriK-nK"!
Your precepts alone they observed, vv iib vyA un-riKi
And kept Your covenant.
lOThey shall teach Your laws to Jacob
:n'yj:' ^ri"'"!î
And Your instructions to Israel.
«-They shall offer You incense to savor-^

And whole-offerings on Your altar.
iiBless, O Lord, his substance,

^SKn n-jlup in-'tî
And favor his undertakings. -.^nnm-'^y b-h-^"]
Smite the loins of his foes;
Let his enemies rise no more. ny-in VT bvri^
i20f Benjamin he said:
Beloved of the Lord,

He rests securely beside Him;
Ever does He protect him,
/-As he rests between His shoulders.-/

vbv nyn^ pu/")
i3And of Joseph he said:
Ql^n-'73vbv c^Q'n
Blessed of the Lord be his land
With the bounty of dewg from heaven.

And of the deep that couches below;
i^With the bounteous yield of the sun.
And the bounteous crop of the moons;
iswith the best from the ancient mountains.
And the bounty of hills immemorial; :nnn nyl-i ninnipi
'6 With the bounty of earth and its fullness.
And the favor of the Presence'' in the Bush. :D"'n-i'' u/na T^)3ni
May these rest on the head of Joseph, D"T.i7"n."irT u/K~i)3T 15
•.'chw niynj n^)3)pi

e-e Lit. "They shall place incense in Your nostril.
f-f Or "He dwells amid his slopes. T\kbm ynK ~[mm i6

g Targum Onkelos and two Hebrew manuscripts read: "With the
bounty of heaven above" (me'al for mittal, cf. Gen. 49.25).
h Lit. "Dweller": cf. Exod 3. 1
ff.
^bv Wi<'^b nriKlin
451
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 33.16 ve-zo't ha-berakhah HD-inn riKH yb "'"im min
On the crown of the elect of his brothers.

'"Like a firstUng bull in his majesty, i"? -i-jn lilu; -1133 17
He has horns like the horns of the wild-ox; Tinp bN") •'3-)|7i
With them he gores the peoples,
The ends of the earth one and all.

y-iK-'DDK Tin;'
These' are the myriads of Ephraim,
Those' are the thousands of Manasseh.
Dn.DK ninn-i bm
D :n\i7j)3 ipbK nri)
iÂnd of Zebulun he said:
Rejoice, O Zebulun, on your journeys,

And Issachar, in your tents.
I'^They invite their kin to the mountain,

Where they offer sacrifices of success.
iKnp""—in b-iTav ly
For they draw from the riches of the sea

And the hidden hoards of the sand.
1pJ"'T hm"] V^\U ""D
20And of Gad he said:
Blessed be He who enlarges Gad!
Poised is he like a lion
To tear off arm and scalp.
-"'He chose for himself the best.
For there is the portion of the revered chief-
tain,
Where the heads of the people come.
He executed the Lord's judgments

pQD pp'n-n np'?!! du7-'3
And His decisions for Israel.*-
nu/y r[)n'' npiy

22And of Dan he said:
Dan is a lion's whelp

D : '7K"lti7"'-Dy VUBWm
That leaps forth from Bashan.
23And of Naphtali he said:
O Naphtali, sated with favor
And full of the Lord's blessing,

Take possession on the west and south.
•jiif-) i;3U7 ''^nDJ
^-lAnd of Asher he said:
nin;' nann i<.bm
Most blessed of sons be Asher;
May he be the favorite of his brothers,
May he dip his foot in oil.
i I.e., the one horn, -^pK w^n T|n3

j I.e., the other horn.
k-k Meaning of Heb. uncertain; cf. w. }-5 (with note c) above,
TTiK 'lyi 'rr'
and saphun "esteemed" in poit-biblical Heb.
-.ihri ]r2W^ h:iv^
452
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 34.7 ve-zo't ha-berakhah Hj-inn n^n ^b' Dn^l mm
25/May your doorbolts be iron and copper, ^"''7i7J)3 nU/njT '7T"in25
And your security^ last all your days.
260 Jeshurun, there is none like God,

]^^W1 bK2 pK26
Riding through the heavens to help you,
Through the skies in His majest)'.
:n^pn\;; irriNpT
27'The ancient God is a refuge,
A support are the arms everlasting. Dfi ^^^^ nlyn 27
He drove out the enemy before you D'7iy nyiT nnnni

By His command: Destroy!
28Thus Israel dwells in safety. :npu;rT "iuk""!
Untroubled is Jacob's abode,'"
nun '7X"itz;"' "pi^n 28
In a land of grain and wine.

Under heavens dripping dew.
290 happy Israel! Who is like you,
A people delivered by the Lord,
Your protecting Shield, your Sword trium-
phant!
Your enemies shall come cringing before you.
And vou shall tread on their backs.
34 Moses went up from the steppes of -bK nKin nnnvT? nii/b b:j^_] I <
Moab to Mount Nebo, to the summit of Pisgah, inT ^J3"'7V "lU/K HApsn iz;ki In: iri
opposite Jericho, and the Lord showed him the
whole land: Gilead as far as Dan; 2all Naphtali;
y-iK-riKT •'^nar'^B hK"!2 :n"iv
the land of Ephraim and Manasseh; the whole
land of Judah as far as the Western" Sea; ^the
Negeb; and the Plain —the Valley of Jericho, the
"i33rT-nK) nAln-riKp :]innKn Dj'n
city of palm trees — as far as Zoar. Ând the Lord
said to him, "This is the land of which I swore i]i7K v~i.Kn nxT vbK nin^ n)3K'''i4
to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, T will assign it
to your offspring.' I have let you see it with your

own eyes, but you shall not cross there."
:inyn Kb
5So Moses the ser\'ant of the Lord died there,
nKi?3 ynxn mn^-ini; np'n du; n?pji 5
in the land of Moab, at the command of the
Lord. ^He buried him
ynK3 1^2 in'K iinpî^ :mn^ ''^'bi^
in the valley in the land
of Moab, near Beth-peor; and no one knows his
burial place to this day. ^Moses was a hundred -]3 n\i;bv -.riiri uvri iv irinnp-riK
/ Meaning of Heb. uncertain,

m Others "fountain."
a I.e., Mediterranean; cf. note at 11.24.

453
TORAH DEUTERONOMY 34.7 ve-zo't ha-berakhah n2^^:lr^ riMi n"? D"'"i:m nmn
and twenty years old when he died; his eyes were

undimmed and his vigor unabated. SAnd the Is-
raehtes bewailed Moses in the steppes of Moab
for thirty days.
The period of wailing and mourning for Mo-

nu/n "npD-'3 n)3Dn nn K^n ]^y]:l
ses came to an end. ^Now Joshua son of Nun
was filled with the spirit of wisdom because
Moses had laid his hands upon him; and the Is-
: nu;n-nK mn;' ni^y -lu;^<;^ ^^v'l^
raelites heeded him, doing as the Lord had

commanded Moses. -b:ib 11 :a''33-'7K n^jQ mn^ ly-j"' "iu/k
"'Never again did there arise in Israel a n)r[^ \nbp "iwk D^nQDarri nlrtKn
prophet like Moses —whom the Lord singled
-b-jb^ riv^^b nnyjp y"iK3 nlu/y"?
out, face to face, '
' for the various signs and por-
ni^Tnn l'^r^V2b^ 12 :'iy-iK-'73'pT vini;
tents that the Lord sent him to display in the
r[]b'r2 nujv nu/K bM}r[ KiDan '^"d'?^
land of Egypt, against Pharaoh and all his court-
**:bi<^-]\u'>-b2 "lyvb
iers and his whole country, 'ând for all the great
might and awesome power that Moses dis-
played before all Israel.
n'îy K"nn ^7x^7 rib-'rin ub\u^^ nn
vym 955 iDon '7w DYioQn mac •'K^-ivn'? v. U.

17.10
454
t^KtJ
NEVriM THE PROPHETS
JOSHUA
JUDGES
1 SAMUEL
2 SAMUEL n bKm\u
1 KINGS
2 KINGS
ISAIAH
JEREMIAH
EZEKIEL
r/je Twelve Minor Prophets
HOSEA
JOEL
AMOS
OBADIAH nnny
JONAH
MICAH
NAHUM
HABAKKUK pipnn
ZEPHANIAH
HAGGAI '':\n
ZECHARIAH nn:3T
MALACHI
atw^
JOSHUA
1 After the death of Moses the servant of mn^ nny nu/n mn nriK ,..K
^r
the Lord, the Lord said to Joshua son of Nun,
Moses' attendant:
:i')pK^ n\yb
2"My servant Moses is dead. Prepare to cross
-riK iny mp nnyi np 'pv nu;b 2
the Jordan, together with all this people, into
the land that I am giving to the Israelites. Êvery

spot on which your foot treads I give to you,
as I promised Moses. ^Your territory shall ex-
tend from the wilderness and the Lebanon to :nu;')2-'7K ""nini nu^K? Tinn: w^b
the Great River, the River Euphrates [on the "imrmv) n-tn jlin^rn nni)3ri)?4
east] — the whole Hittite country —and up to
nvi mrinn ynx '73 niQ-inj '^n^n
the Mediterranean" Sea on the west. 5No one
shall be able to resist you as long as you live.
^""^n "'p"' "73 ^""JD^ ^\u->i<, nY:'n"'-K'7 5
As I was with Moses, so I will be with you; I wiE
not fail you or forsake you.
:';inT:i;K iib) •tjq-ik
6"Be strong and resolute, for you shall ap-
portion to this people the land that I swore to
their fathers to assign to them. 'But you must
be very strong and resolute to observe faithfully -i)2VJb -iktz ypKT p\n°p^_' -.urib nn^
all the Teaching that My servant Moses enjoined nxu'n ^-^lY ^^)UK nnlnn-'733 nwvb
upon you. Do not deviate from it to the right
*bM<'i2p'\ j-ip^ *iiipp mpn-'7K •'•inv
or to the left, that you may be successful wher-
-Kb» ::]57n n\i7K "733 '7"'3tyn ]vy2b
ever you go. 8Let not this Book of the Teaching
cease from your lips, but recite it day and night,
13 n^}.m •^•'$p n-tn nnlnn nnp ujmi
-"733 nlti/y^ "I'p^J^
so that you may observe faithfully all that is writ- JV?"? n^^^T Dpi''
ten in it. Only then will you prosper in your un- TK") ^3"J'l-nK n"''?VJ!l TK-iS 13 3in3rT
dertakings and only then will you be successful. -'7K ypKi pm ^'riîY Kl'7rT'^ -b^^pn
9'T charge you: Be strong and resolute; do not "^''tjbK nin^ ""S nnri-^Ki y'-ii;n
^^)3V
be terrified or dismayed, for the Lord your God 3 nu7K "733
-."îbn
is with you wherever you go."
'0 Joshua thereupon gave orders to the of- :ipK'7 Dyn nu'\:7-nK vuîn^ iy"'iio
ficials of the people: 'i"Go through the camp byn-riK iiyi mriran 3-ii73 1
i~!3Vii
u Heb. "Great.' 'njnn" i-iyum inâo v. 7.
'T nVd v. 7.
457
NEVl'lM JOSHUA 1.11 K yu/in'' D-'K-'nj
and charge the people thus: Get provisions n^b^JJ -FiVn '3
I HTy D3^ IPDH 'inKb
ready, for in three days' time you are to cross
the Jordan, in order to enter and possess the

land that the Lord your God is giving you as
D :nnu;"i'7 n^b ]rij
a possession."
'-Then Joshua said to the Reubenites, the

Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, '-''"Re-
"inin-DK "liDTi.' nbK'? yu;ln-' iJpN
member what Moses the servant of the Lord

enjoined upon you, when he said: The Lord DD^ injT DD^ rjijn b3"'n''7K m.n"'
your God is granting you a haven; He has as- '^DDsy 3"'u;ji-i :nKTrT yiKn-riK
signed this territory to you.' '-iLet your wives,
children, and livestock remain in the land that
û;an nnvri DriKT ii-i;'ri nnv^ nu/b
Moses assigned to you ''on this side of'' the Jor-
dan; but every one of your fighting men shall

b3inK^ mn"' rfi^nu/K ly
I
i^ .-DniK
go across armed^ in the van of your kinsmen.
And you shall assist them 'ûntil the Lord has nwK yiKH-riK n?3n-DA iwiî b33
given your kinsmen a haven, such as you have, Yî<h nnû^T nn'7 ]nj D3''n'7K mn"'
and they too have gained possession of the land D3^ ]nj I -i\z;k nniK ariWT'i n^n^T"
that the Lord your God has assigned to them. nyyi \'rv'^ inyn 7[yr[-' iny nu/b
Then you may return to the land on the east
side of the Jordan, which Moses the ser\'ant of --

iu;k '7'3
inK"? ywin-'-nx ^jy?!'^
the Lord assigned to you as your possession,
îvhvir\ ~wiS'b3-bK\ niyyj ^ln'>^^^
and you may possess it."
'^They answered Joshua, "We will do every- ]3 nu/D-'^K ijynu;-"iu;K V33 '"
-.tî
thing you have commanded us and we will go q)3y ^tt'^k np"' T[^7['^, pi ^''pK ynu^j
wherever you send us. '"We will obey you just - i\z;><; u;"'k-'73 '>*
-.T^vj'ryuv n-^n nif;K3
as we obeyed Moses; let but the Lord your God

be with you as He was with Moses! 'Âny man pTn ny2V ^^^'^n"^vjK
pi b'-^b
who flouts your commands and does not obey
a :yDJ<:i
every order you give him shall be put to death.
Only be strong and resolute!"
^ Joshua son of Nun secretly sent two spies
from Shittim, saying, "Go, reconnoiter the re-
gion of Jericho." So they set out, and they came

to the house of a harlot named Rahab and
-i33u;''i IT}-) nnu;i hjit nu;N-JT'3
lodged there. -The king of Jericho was told,
T^^^[ iDK"? iniT" "^nb laK'"!- :nnu;
"Some men have come here tonight, Israelites,
'tn-iu/"' -"jsn nb'hn nin ik3 D"'iy3K
to spy out the countr\-." * The king of Jericho
b-b Lit. "acrois."

c Meaning of Heb. uncerlmn.
458
—
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 2.14 n yU/IH'' •'K''3J
thereupon sent orders to Rahab: "Produce the

men who came to you and entered your house,
for they have come to spy out the whole coun-
-riK 'i^nb \3 ^n^n"? minnu/K ^'^'^^k
try." 'iThe woman, however, had taken the two
•"jw-riK niFKH njpnT4 :^k3 ynKri-'â
men and hidden them. "It is true," she said, "the
^^K 1K3 ji) I "DpK'rTi iJQ^riT "'U/JKri
men did come to me, but I didn't know where
'rT'15 :n)3n ]^x)3 'nv']^ i<b) Dû/JKn
they were from. 5And at dark, when the gate was
about to be closed, the men left; and I don't i<b wy^ D"'U7jKrii '"qu/nii "iIad^ "^V^n
know where the men went. Quick, go after
them, for you can overtake them." ^Nqw she Dn'?:;:! K-'me :mpti7n '3 nnnnx
had taken them up to the roof and hidden them
under some stalks of flax which she had lying
brinnK iQin n-'ii/JKni nri-bv ir\b
on the roof — '"So themen pursued them in the
" -.
nio "iv^ni niinyTpri bv ]'iy_r[ "q^T

direction of the Jordan down to the fords; and
no sooner had the pursuers gone out than the
: onnnx D^'Qiiri ^xy^ "iji^K? nnK
gate was shut behind them.
8«-The spies" had not yet gone to sleep when
she came up to them on the roof. ^She said to
the men, "I know that the Lord has given the
country to you, because dread of you has fallen
upon us, and all the inhabitants of the land are

DDnxyn nD^jan ^^^vw] •'p-nK mn*'
quaking before you. lopor we have heard how
-'^b'D ''^wb Dn^t;/:/ ni^Ki Dny73?p
the Lord dried up the waters of the Sea of Reeds
for you when you left Egypt, and what you did
y.^vb^ p^^b ]iyn nnyn nuJK n'^xn
to Sihon and Og, the two Amorite kings across
the Jordan, whom you doomed.^' ^When we
heard about it, we lost heart, and no man had n^)?\i73 b''n'7K i<^'^ whpbK mn"" ""a
any more spirit left because of you; for the Lord nnvi 12 :rinri?3 y-!Kri-'7V'i bvr2T2
your God is the only God in heaven above and
on earth below. i2Now, since I have shown loy-
îiK nin-av nriK-nA nrr'U/yi ion
alty to you, swear to me by the Lord that you
show loyalty to my family. Provide
ninmi3 :n)pK niK ^^ nrinjT ion
in turn will
me with a reliable sign i^that you will spare the ^mnK-riKV^nxTiKi w-riKi ""iK-riK
lives of my father and mother, my brothers and ari^vm urib ivJi^'b^ nxi ^nl"'nis
sisters, who belong to them, and save
and all nb nTpK^TH -.nmri ^rnu/Drnx
us from death." i-^The men answered her, "Our i<b DK mn^ QD^nnn iju;qj Dîi/JKn
persons are pledged for yours, even to death!
If you do not disclose this mission of ours, we
:n)pKT ion T|)3V iru/yi y-iKH-riK IJ^
will show you true loyalty when the Lord gives
us the land."
a-a Heb. "They."

b I.e., placed under herem, which meant the annihilation of the
inhabitants. Cf. Dent. 2.34 ff.
459
'
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 2.15 3 yu/ipf D^K-'nj
'5She let them down by a rope through the

window — for her dwelling was at the outer side
of the city wall and she lived in the actual wall.
'^She said to them, "Make for the hills, so that
"IV. D"'^? ^^^^ n)3\f; nnnnji n-ip-rnn
the pursuers may not come upon you. Stay there
in hiding three days, until the pursuers return;
then go your way."
'7But the men warned her, "We will be re- nan '« :ijnv?u>n "iu^k rim "qnynii/n
leased from this oath which you have made us •ii^n uin nipn-riK ynxn n-'Kn ijmK
take '^[unless,] when we invade the country, in iJrnnln ~iwk )^bn:i nu;pn n^n
you tie this length of crimson cord to the win- nxT Ti-iriN-nNT "îDK-riKi îi^K-riKT
dow through which you let us down. Bring your
father, your mother, your brothers, and all your
family together in your house; 'ând if anyone
ventures outside the doors of your house, his
blood will be on his head, and we shall be clear.
IKJT n'>'^^ TjnK n^rc^ "iwk b'î
But if a hand is laid on anyone who remains in
the house with you, his blood shall be on our
heads. -"And if you disclose this mission of ours, -]3 DDnnis inKim. 21 : ijnvnu/n "iu/k
we shall likewise be released from the oath
Kin
which you made us take." îShe replied, "Let
""Jtirn nipn-riK iu/pni id'?'''! Dn'7u;ni
it be as you say."
She sent them on their way, and they left; and
n\ub\u bu7 inu;".'] n-irin iK'nî in"?""! 22
she tied the crimson cord to the window.
-2They went straight to the hills and stayed D-'p-i'-iri iU7i7nT) D-'pi'-in n\y-ii7 wrî
there three days, until the pursuers turned back.
And so the pursuers, searching all along the

road, did not find them. -nsp"'"! ]ir]3 yif;ln"'-'7K iK'nî nnv!")
--'Then the two men came down again from
nDK^v-i :nniK niKy>3rT-'73 nx ^b
the hills and crossed over. They came to Joshua
son of Nun and reported to him all that had hap-

pened to them. -'iThey said to Joshua, "The
Lord has delivered the whole land into our
power; in fact, all the inhabitants of the land are
quaking before us."
D Larly next morning, Joshua and all the is- DÛU/np iyO"") ^^pil2 yu;in"'b3U/'l ^
raeiites set out from Shittim and marched to the b'KIU/"' "'JS'^^DT t<.^T^ ITTTTIV 1K3^"|
Jordan. Ihey did not cross immediately, but nypW Tfl - CÛ UW U*?'")
:1~13V''
spent the night there. -Three days later, the
460
NEvi'iM JOSHUA 3.14 y yu/in"' D-'K''nj
officials went through the camp ând charged

the people as follows: "When you see the Ark
of the Covenant of the Lord your God being
borne by the levitical priests, you shall move for-
riKi in'K nî^m nh'7n b^jn'sni
ward. Follow it —4but keep a distance of some
I
:iK4 :innK nriD^m DDpipiajp lypn
two thousand cubits from it, never coming any
d:'3^k3 vrn^ u^m DDip^ wri"! pin*!
closer to it — so that you may know by what
route to march, since it is a road you have not jyp^ v^K n"ipn-'7K n^js^ n)3K
traveled before." 5And Joshua said to the people,
"Purify yourselves,^ for tomorrow the Lord will
perform wonders in your midst."
6Then Joshua ordered the priests, "Take up
:niK^Qj 033-1^3 mn^ npv"! inn
the Ark of the Covenant and advance to the head
\k\u i)3K^ a"'jn3rT-'7K Vu/ln"" n)3Kî e
of the people." And they took up the Ark of the
Covenant and marched at the head of the
people.
D : nyn 'J3'7 i3^:'i nnsn jinK-JiK
''The Lord said to Joshua, "This day, for the
first time, I will exalt you in the sight of all Israel, '3 ]ii7T n\i7K bK'^p^-b'n ''pv'3. ^bi}
so that they shall know that I will be with you
:'^)2V n^riK nu7b-av ''0\"'.n "iu^k3
as I was with Moses, spor your part, command -]^'^K ''Km D-'insn-riK niyn nriKi »
the priests who carry the Ark of the Covenant

as follows: When you reach the edge of the wa-
ters of the Jordan, make a halt in the Jordan."
9And Joshua said to the Israelites, "Come im b^'w^ ^^^'^^ i^^'in;' n^pk^Ts
closer and listen to the words of the Lord your :D3v'p^<; n'ln"' n3n-nK ^vrim mn
God. lOBy this," Joshua continued, "you shall •n bK ""s jiynri nKT3 vu/ln"' "ikikî 10
know that a living God is among you, and that -JIK D3-'J3p U/nlT U^nlni D33"]p3
He will dispossess for you the Canaanites, Hit- -riKT inn-nxi 'nnn-nKT 'Ji^jsn
tites, Hivites, Perizzites, Girgashites, Amorites,
:"'pi3^rn n'^xm 'U/nArr-riK') '''n$rT
and Jebusites: nthe Ark of the Covenant of the
"i3'i7 y-iKn-b'3 jlfK nn3n jIik n^n n
Sovereign of all the earth is advancing before
ju; n3^ inp nnvTi^ .]'iy_:i d^-'JQ^
you into the Jordan. i2Now select twelve men
from the tribes of Israel, one man from each
tribe. '-"^When the feet of the priests bearing the niQ3 mj3 n^ni 13 :V'2fb iuk-vjik
Ark of the Lord, the Sovereign of all the earth, jliK n)rT> ]inK "'ku/'j n''jn3ri "'^n
come to rest in the waters of the Jordan, the pn"|3"' )'iy_r\ ^n i^n^rr ^p3 y"ikrT-'73
waters of the Jordan —the water coming from
upstream — will be cut off and will stand in a
:inK
single heap."
i4When the people set out from their en-
a SeeExod. 19.10, 15.
461
NEvi'iM JOSHUA 3.14 ; yU/IH"' D-'x-'nj
campment to cross the Jordan, tlie priests bear-
ing tiie Aric of the Covenant were at the head

of the people. '^Now the Jordan keeps flowing
over its entire bed throughout the har\'est sea-
-bv i<hri ]'rv\T^^ D^Tpn n;yp3 ib'spj
son. But as soon as the bearers of the Ark
reached the Jordan, and the feet of the priests
bearing the Ark dipped into the water at its edge,
i^the waters coming down from upstream piled hwK Tiyn niKJ? DiKn iKD pn-in
up in a single heap a great way off, at*" Adam,

the town next to Zarethan; and those flowing i^j nny nvrn iniDJ iân n^^n-D^
away downstream to the Sea of the Arabah (the
Dead Sea) ran out completely. So the people
crossed near Jericho, ''The priests i

who bore the
-iu;k ly nnnnn bnly '7K-)tz;^-'73T
Ark of the Lord's Covenant stood on dry land
exactly in the middle of the Jordan, while all Is-
rael crossed over on dry land, until the entire

nation had finished crossing the Jordan.
TT When the entire nation had finished cross-

ing the Jordan, the Lord said to Joshua, ^"Select
twelve men from among the people, one from -wv WW DVn-]a DD^ inp2 :inK'?
each tribe, -'and instruct them as follows: Pick
up twelve stones from the spot exactly in the
middle of the Jordan, where the priests' feet are
standing; take them along with you and deposit

them in the place where you will spend the n3)3V bniK Drnnym '.33K niU/y
night."
^Joshua summoned the twelve men whom he

had designated among the Israelites, one from
each tribe; 5and Joshua said to them, "Walk up
-u/^K inK-u/'iK b^yu^, •jnn ]^Dn -wv,
to the Ark of the Lord your God, in the middle
of the Jordan, and each of you lift a stone onto
n^l^n T|in-'7K DDTl'7K mn"" ]i-i>< "•jq'?
his shoulder —corresponding to the number ot
the tribes of Israel. ^This shall ser\'e as a symbol inDUz-'^V nriK ]nK u/^n dd'p innm
among you: in time to come, when your chil-
dren ask, 'What is the meaning of these stones D^-'JS ]l'7KU;"'"'3 D33-Ip3 mx riNT
for you?' "you shall tell them, 'The waters of the

Jordan were cut off because of the Ark of the
Lord's (Covenant; when it passed through the
So kcthili; ijcrc Itod
402
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 4.18 T yU/IH"' n^K-'n:
Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off.'
And so these stones shall serve the people of
Israel as a memorial for all time."
^The Israelites did as Joshua ordered. They

picked up twelve stones, corresponding to the
•qlnp D"'JnK niu/y-iriur ^kiI;''^ Vu/'in"':
number of the tribes of Israel, from the mid-
dle of the Jordan — the Lord had charged
as
Joshua —and they took them along with them

to their night encampment and deposited them :Du; mm"! jl'^jpn-'?^
'^
there. yu/lH'' D''i7rT "'JnK nnu/v ^''^P^

"^Joshua also set up twelve stones in the middle Dijnsn 'br\ n^)? nnn "j^n^ri T|in3
of the Jordan, at the spot where the feet of the
Dl='rT IV nvj T'H^'T nniin jinx •'ku;j
priests bearing the Ark of the Covenant had
:n;Tn
stood; and they have remained there to this day.
lOThe priests who bore the Ark remained
standing in the middle of the Jordan until all
nrn'! niy-n\i7K -in'irT-'73 an iv n,i?n
'7'33 "^.5"^^ Vu;ln:'-nK
the instructions that the Lord had ordered -"i\z;k DV'7"'^^
Joshua to convey to the people had been carried avn nnnî yu7in"'-nK nu/b msf
out. And so the people speedily crossed over, Dvri-'73 nn—iu;k3 ''r\''î^ : i"i':?i^''-v
«-just as Moses had assured Joshua in his charge

\i^b n-'jriam mn^-jiiK 'i'liV/n ii:?i{'7
to him.-" iiAnd when all the people finished

:nyn
crossing, the Ark of the Lord and the priests
unu; 'vni nrm^ jniK-i-'jî nnv:"!"
^^
advanced to the head of the people.

i2The Reubenites, the Gadites, and the
half-tribe of Manasseh went across armed'' in t\bK n"'y^-!K3i3 -.-nvj'r^ Qri"'!?K -i:n^-
the van of the Israelites, as Moses had charged nhnb'i^bh)^'' '>2^b nny Knyn ''^^bn
them.*^ i3About forty thousand shock troops

went across, at the instance of the Lord, to the
steppes of Jericho for battle.

iK"i^ "lU/K? in'K iKii'T '7K"iU7;'-'73 'pv:!
i40n that day the Lord exalted Joshua in the
Q :v^n ^p'''b^ nprrnK
sight of all Israel, so that they revered him all
^^
his days as they had revered Moses.

mv 16 :"i')pK'7 yu;'in"'-'7K m'n'' "ikik'ji
i5The Lord said to Joshua, i6"Command the ^bvi) nnyrr jinx ""ku/'j D^jn'sn-riK
priests who bear the Ark of the Pact to come D-'jnbn-riK yu/in^ 1^^117 ij^-iiin-ja
up out of the Jordan." i^So Joshua commanded mbv:! 'rr^fis : ]7n='n-i)p ^bv iJpK's
the priests, "Come up out of the Jordan." i*Âs mn^-nnn jinx ^km n-iinbrr n'\bv^'2.
soon as the priests who bore the Ark of the

n-'inan 'J^n his? ^p^\^ xhyn qinjD
Lord's Covenant came up out of the Jordan,
and the feet of the priests stepped onto the dry
fl-fl Connection of clause uncertain; cf. Deut. 31.7-8.

c See Num. 32.20-22.
463
avfiM JOSHUA 4.18 T yU/IH"' D-'K-'aj
ground, the waters of the Jordan resumed their Daip)3'7 n~!?ri""'p inu/î nnnnn bK
course, flowing over its entire bed as before. -.vnMrb^-bv uwb\u-b'ir2n2 id"?"*)
people came up from the Jordan on the

'''The
vjinb ^^wv:^ ]'iy_r[-]'n ^bi; nym i^
tenth day of the
Gilgal
first
on the eastern border of

month, and encamped
Jericho. -"And
at
: inn-" mm nypn b^b^:i ^^n'>^ ]iu;K-|n
n'pKH •'jnKn niu/i; w^rwu 'nKi2o

Joshua set up in Gilgal the twelve stones they
had taken from the Jordan. -'He charged the

Israelites as follows: "In time to come, when ibK'? bi<.-W'> ''n-bK inX^'Vi :'73iÂ3
your children ask their fathers, 'What is the DninK-riN "inn DD^n ii'^ku/"' 'iu/k
meaning of those stones?' -^tell your children: Dnynini ^^ : h^kh "'Jn^n nn "inK"?
'Here the Israelites crossed the Jordan on dry
land.' - ^For the Lord your God dried up the wa-
ters of the Jordan before you until you crossed,
just as the Lord your God did to the Sea of
"d:^ D3"'ri'7>< nin:'°ntf;y "iu^x3 DD-iny
Reeds, which He dried up before us until we
crossed. 24Thus all the peoples of the earth shall :ijnny-iV irjsn uz-'nln-nu/K ^md
know how mighty is the hand of the Lord, and T-riK V"i.Kn ')3V''73 nvi ]VDb'2A
you shall fear the Lord your God always." riK Dni<-)T IVJ?"? K^n npm 13 nin""
w/' When all the kings of the Amorites on the

western side of the Jordan, and ail the kings of ^'jyjan "'D^)?-'73T nip] ]i-):!n "inv3
the Canaanites near the Sea, heard how the
Lord had dried up the waters of the Jordan for

u-inyiv '7K"iu;"'-',3n ""jsn ]^"i:irT ""pTiK
the sake of the Israelites until they crossed over,
they lost heart, and no spirit was left in them

because of the Israelites.
2At that time the Lord said to Joshua, "Make niyy vu/ini-^K nin"' inK i<.''f\r{ nvs -
flint knives and proceed with a second circum- -'j3"nK b)2 mu/T nny nlmn "^b
cision of the Israelites." -'So Joshua had flint

nin-in vp)n'> ' :rT'Ju; bK-^w^
i'^-wv:'"!
knives made, and the Israelites were circum-
cised at Gibeath-haaraloth."
:m'7-)yn
4This is why Joshua had the cir-
the reason
cumcision performed: All the people who had

come out of Lgypt,all the males of military age, "•u/jK I b2 onDTH Dnyan Kyn
had died during the desert wanderings after DnKy:a T|nn -ini)3n inn nnn'^ran
leaving Egypt. '^Now, whereas all the people who Dyn-^D vr\ wbn-^j - :Dnynn
came out of Egypt had been circumcised, none
a le. "ihe Hill of Forcikim."
4M
"
NEvi'iM JOSHUA 5.15 n U\U^^^ a^x^j
of the people born after the exodus, during the n3 6 : ^'^Tp-k'? anyjap QriKyî "qn^n
desert wanderings, had been circumcised. ^For
the Israehtes had traveled in the wilderness fortv-
years, until the entire nation —the men of mil-

itary age who had left Egypt—had perished; be-
^nh:^b nrib nin^ ynu/j "iu;k mn"?
cause they had not obeyed the Lord, and the
Lord had sworn never to let them see the land
mn^ vi\u) nu/K y-iKn-riK anlKnn
that the Lord had sworn to their fathers to as- :ibn nni ynx ij^ nnb' anliK^
sign to us, a land flowing with milk and honey.
^But He had raised up their sons in their stead;
and it was these that Joshua circumcised, for -b2 ^>3n-nu/K3 ^rl^^J :"^115 ^^^^
they were uncircumcised, not ha\ang been cir-
IV njn)33 annn inu/'i '7i?3n'7 '•ian
cumcised on the way. Âfter the circumcising
D :ani"'n
of the whole nation was completed, they re-
mained where they were, in the camp, until they

recovered.
up Knpî n-2^byri any 73 nsnn-riK
9And the Lord said to Joshua, "Today I have :n;TrT uvri iv ^7^^7:1 K^nri DipTpn
rolled away from you the disgrace of EgN'pt."^ -riK '\\uv'!^ '7a'7A5 b'K-ju/T^p ^Jn='iio
So that place was called Gilgal,'^ as it still is. nnyn \u'inb uv ntpv nyiiiKn npsn
lOEncamped at Gilgal, in the steppes of Jer- linn^ nln-iy^
icho, the Israelites offered the passover sacri-
nparr m.n)3)p ynxn mnyn i'7Dk='i n
fice on the fourteenth day of the month, toward
nni^'i 12 :n;Tri uvti nyyn ^^bp^) nis^n
evening.
y-iKH iinvT? t]^3K3 nnn?3)p ])3n
11 On the day after the passover offering, on
that very day, they ate of the produce of the
country, unleavened bread and parched grain.
i20n that same day,'^ when they ate of the pro-
duce of the land, the manna ceased. The Isra-
elites got no more manna; that year they ate of
the yield of the land of Canaan.

-i}3k'''1 vbK y\i/ln^ 'q'7:'i iTn r^^^bv)
i30nce, when Joshua was near

I -inN'ii^ :ijn^'7-nK nnx ^^bn '\b
Jericho, he
looked up and saw a man standing before him, "-nKn nnv nin^-xnynu; ^jk "'b i<b
drawn sword in hand. Joshua went up to him innu/n nY"iK t'J3"'7k yu;in"' 'Vq""!
and asked him, "Are you one of us or of our :nny"'7K -i3~ra ^nx n?3 i"? n?3K'='T
enemies?" ''^He replied, "No, I am captain of
the Lord's host. Now I have come!" Joshua

threw himself face down to the ground and,
prostrating himself, said to him, "What does my
lord command his ser\ânt?" isjhe captain of
fc I.e., of the Egyrptian bondage.

c Interpreted as "rolling."
d Lit. "on the day after.
465
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 5.15 n VU/IH"' •'K^j
the Lord's host answered Joshua, "Remove -b\LJ VUînT'7K HIH"' Kiv~lU;°"lKlK"''1 is
your sandals from your feet, for the place where nnx "ll^K DlpKin "'3 *"^'7A"| '717'?
'^'PV^
you stand holy." And Joshua did
is so. .
^ yu/in'' U/V."! KIH VJlp vbv IpV
vJ Now Jericho was shut up tight because of ^

the Israelites; no one could leave or enter. D :K3 ]"'K1 KyV I^K bi<.~]\U'>
-The Lord said to Joshua, "See, I will deliver
Jericho and her king [and her] warriors into

niÂ n3'7?p-nKT inn^-riK -JiTjn
your hands. ^Let all your troops march around
'>mK Vs T'vnTiK nri'3pi3 -.b-'nri
the city and complete one circuit of the city. Do
this six days, ^with seven priests carrying seven
ram's horns preceding the Ark. On the seventh D-'jnb r\)J2\u^ 4 : nm^ nu;u7 niuvn n3
day, march around the city seven times, with 'jab' n'''73l;'rT miQliy nvnu; 'm<v;^
the priests blowing the horns. SAnd when a long Tiyn-DK i3'pn 'V"'3\:^rT Dl^ni imKn
blast is sounded on the horn — as soon as you :ni-!Dl\i75 lypn^ n-'iinam nmv$ ynty
hear that sound of the horn — all the people shall
give a mighty shout. Thereupon the city wall will

collapse, and the people shall advance, every
man straight ahead."
h-iyn npin n^Qii n'7n:i nvnn nvn
^Joshua son of Nun summoned the priests
:raj MJ^K uvn ^bv^ n^nnn
and said to them, "Take up the Ark of the Cov- D''jn'3ri-'7K ]ir]3 vu/m-' xnpî^
enant, and let seven priests carrying seven ram's nnnn p-iK-riK ikU; nribi< iJ?^'"!
horns precede the Ark of the Lord." Ând he hl"iQl\f; nynu; iKt:/^ Q-'Jnb nynwi
instructed the people, "Go forward, march
npK'''! iiKJK^T ' : np;" ]1~ik 'jd'7 u-'b:iv
around the city, with the vanguard marching
y^bnri) iiyrrnK i^pi nnv V'7"'^^
in front of the Ark of the Lord." ^When Joshua
n>pK3 ^n^T.H :ny[^ jiiK •'jd'7 ijii/^
had instructed the people, the seven priests car-
rying seven ram's horns advanced before the

'wKm n''':iri:2'r[ nynu;Vbi7rT-'7K vu/in-'
Lord, blowing their horns; and the Ark of the mn^ 'js'? D-''7nl^n nl-iDlu; nynu;
Lord's Covenant followed them. "^The van- niH"" nnn ji^K) ninsiii^n ^vpn^ nny
guard marched in front of the priests who were "'jd'7 ~]br[ yiVnnv :DnnnK i^n
blowing the horns, and the rear guard marched
behind the Ark, with the horns sounding all the
v^p^\^ "ii'^n P^nh nriK ^b'ri
time. '"But Joshua's orders to the rest of the peo-
yu/ln"" my byn-riKTio iniiQiu'^
ple were, "Do not shout, do not let your voices
-riK wnu/rTk'pi ^ynn Kb ibxV
be heard, and do not let a sound issue from your
lips until the moment that I command you,
uv ly" ^^2l DD^sn k^-k'tt ^Jb^p
'Shout!' Then you shall shout." :nnynn"i lynn d3"''7k nni<
"So he had the Ark of the Lord go around DVD qpn -i-iyrrnN mn;"-]!"!^ 3p?T"
•>
ion V /S.
466
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 6.22 1 v\u^r['^ u-^K-'iii
the city and complete one circuit; then they re-
turned to camp and spent the night in camp. "jn'sn iKu;"'] ni^'nn vu/in;' nsu/""! 12
i^Joshua rose early the next day; and the priests
took up the Ark of the Lord, Awhile the seven '
priests bearing the seven ram's horns marched

in front of the Ark of the Lord, blowing the
ni-iQlwn lypni "^l"?!! a^pyn mw jinx
horns as they marched. The vanguard marched
in front of them, and the rear guard marched yipni :il'7rT •]bn nin-' jinK nnx
behind the Ark of the Lord, with the horns
sounding all the time. iÂnd so they marched n\LJ\u wv n'B njnj3n in\f;^T nnx nv3
around the city once on the second day and re- :n"'nT
turned to the camp. They did this six days.
niVy? ^T^Bu;"! ''V"'=iV^n uv:i 1
rT'i 15
i50n the seventh day, they rose at daybreak

and marched around the city, in the same man-
ner, seven times; that was the only day that they
innu MTiri uv^ pn n-^rivB vn\^
marched around the city seven times. iÔn the dvq:? in"'"! 16 : D-'pyQ ynw n^yn-riK
seventh round, as the priests blew the horns,

Joshua commanded the people, "Shout! For the ]nr''3 lynri bi;ri-'7K yu/in^ '^^l2i<^^
Lord has given you the city, i^xhe city and eve- n^yn nn:'mi7 :-i"'i;n-nK U2b nrni
rything in it are to be proscribed for the Lord;
°p"i mn"''? rTii-"iU7K-'7Di K^r\ nnn
only Rahab the harlot is to be spared, and all
nriK -iu;k-'7D"i k-ih njnri njl-tn nn-j
who are with her in the house, because she hid
the messengers we sent. i^But you must beware

nnnri-])p ^'^)2p nnK-p-nis •.^^nb^j
of that which is proscribed, or else you will be
proscribed:" if you take anything from that unizUJ) nnnn-jp nrinpî ^nnnrrjs
which is proscribed, you will cause the camp of :lrilK nn-iDvi a-iny'7K-it^T mn^p-riK
Israel to be proscribed; you will bring calamity bm^ hvj'm ^b2^ nnn ^v'2 1
'7bii9
upon it. I'Âll the silver and gold and objects of :Kl3T mn^ -lYlK riyi^b wn u/ip
copper and iron are consecrated to the Lord;
they must go into the treasury of the Lord."
lynî nQl\i7rT 'îpTiK nyn ynu/p
20S0 the people shouted when the horns were
n)3lnri b^^\^ n^n^ nvnn byn
sounded. When the people heard the sound of
the horns, the people raised a mighty shout and
the wall collapsed. The people rushed into the -'73-nK ij^nniiTii :T'i;n-nK na"?^)
city, every man straight in front of him, and they
captured the city. 2iThey exterminated every- :n"in-'Q'7 nlnriT rip) '^w iv) ]]?]
thing in the city with the sword: man and -riK D"''?n?pn n^\i;jKn w^\ijb)22
woman, young and old, ox and sheep and ass.
22But Joshua bade the two men who had spied
out the land, "Go into the harlot's house and
a I.e., be put to death; cf. Lev. 27.28-29.
467
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 6.22 1 v\L7^n^ n^K->nj
bring out the woman and all that belong to her,

as you swore to her." --"^So the young spies went
in and brought out Rahab, her father and her
mother, her brothers and all that belonged to
niriK-riKT ruaK-riKi rfiK-riKT 2ni
her — they brought out her whole family and left
them outside the camp of Israel.

-^They burned down the city and everything
in it. But the silver and gold and the objects of I pn rTr-i\i;K-'73"i mn la-iu; i^ym 24
copper and iron were deposited in the treasury unj '^nnrn nu/'nan ^b•2^ nnTrn rjpsn
of the House of the Lord. 250nly Rahab the miTn nn-j-riKV^ :mni-n"'5 nym
harlot and her father's family were spared by
Joshua, along with all that belonged to her, and
uvri IV %'i'iu'' n-ipn nu;ni v\u'\rT'
she dwelt among the Israelites — as is still the
case. For she had hidden the messengers that

Joshua sent to spy out Jericho.
D :lnn^-nK bph viîn-' nbv;
-f'At that time Joshua pronounced this oath:

"inK inK'7 KMH nv:i vii/in*' yû/"") -(^
"Cursed of the Lord be the man who shall un- -riK nni mpi ^^pi<. nin*' 'JDb u/^nh
dertake to fortify this city of Jericho: he shall
lay its foundations at the cost of his first-born,
and set up its gates at the cost of his youngest."
-^The Lord was with Joshua, and his fame

: y-iKn-'7D3
spread throughout the land.
7 The Israelites, however, violated the pro- T

scription: Achan son of Carmi son of Zabdi son nv-nb mrp ''inT-]^ °"'?p"i3-]3 ]2V
of Zerah, of the tribe of Judah, took of that
mn mn'' fiN""in=''! D"i,nn-]n rTr\7^->
which was proscribed, and the Lord was in-
censed with the Israelites.

"lyn in''"i''n D"'U7Jk vu/ln"" 'nb'u;''"!-
2Joshua sent men from Jericho to Ai, which
lies close to Beth-aven — east of Bethel — with '^K'^fn'? Dij^Tp jiK n"'3-Dy iwk
orders to go up and spy out the country. So the riK ^bry] ^bv ~iti<,b un^bK inK^'"!
men went up and spied out Ai. ^They returned

to Joshua and reported to him, "Not all the bvybi<.~'vbi<. nnk""! v\i;ln''-'7K inu/î 3
troops need go up. Let two or three thousand nwbu/D IK WK DiDb'ND bl7n-'73
men go and attack Ai; do not trouble all the
-bK ""yn-riK la;"! ^bv''_ \uî<^ d''q'7k
troops to go up there, for [the people] there are
: nnn \3vr2 ""B Dyn-'73-nK rrnvj-vrn
few." 4So about three thousand of the troops
d-'d'pk nu/'û/s n'lp^j bV'7"P '''^^'^ *
marched up there; but they were routed by the
nri)? lijii 3 "lyn ""u/jk 'js'? lori u^"'k
men of Ai. "^The men of Ai killed about thirty-six :
of them, pursuing them outside the gate as tar
AtS
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 7.14 T yu/in"" D^K^nj
as Shebarim, and cutting them down along the

descent. And the heart of the troops "-sank in :D^)p'7 'ri"'"! nyn-nn^ uja""!
utter dismay.-"
6Joshua thereupon rent his clothes. He and

K'^ri n-iynny n'ln"' jinx •>^^b ny-iK
the elders of Israel lay until evening with their
:DU7K-i-'7V npy ^bv;^^ bK'^p^' •'jpTT
faces to the ground in front of the Ark of the
Lord; and they strewed earth on their heads.
n'Db" mrr' nK i nriK yu/in"' "dok'^t 7
7"Ah, Lord God!" cried Joshua. "Why did You -riK n-TH Di/n-nK "T'nyri nnnyn
lead this people across the Jordan only to deliver UTiKn'? n>3KrT t^ ijn'K nn^ ]'ili^
us into the hands of the Amorites, to be de-

stroyed by them? If only we had been content
to remain on the other side of the Jordan! Ô
Lord, what can I say after Israel has turned tail
before its enemies? "^When the Canaanites and

-riK innprri ^^'^bv inpJT nxn ^^p'l
•jipi^^ ntz/yrrnpi ynKn-jp ^2^n^j

all the inhabitants of the land hear of this, they
will turn upon us and wipe out our very name D : bMm
from the earth. And what will You do about nypb "^b u^ vp^n^-bi^ mn^ nipKî 10
Your great name?" bk'W'^ Kunii :"^"'3Q-'7V '^Qj nriK nl

lOBut the Lord answered Joshua: "Arise! Why nniK ^n^))i "i\^k ""nnn-nK nny nî
do you lie prostrate?
have broken the covenant by which

i
Israel has sinned!
I bound
They iti/na nî injA m Dnnn-jK] inp^ d^t
"n ^b2'' x'7'112 :Dn-'^3n inu; dî
them. They have taken of the proscribed and
ijQ"' qiy Dn"':?"''K •'Jq'? mpb bk'w-'
put it in their vessels; they have stolen; they have
îq-'plK ii^b
broken faith! i2Therefore, the Israelites will not
be able to hold their ground against their en- nnnn n^pu/n K'p'QiS Qdkjv n'i'jn^
emies; they will have to turn tail before their en-

emies, for they have become proscribed. I will
not be with you any more unless you root out 75111 K^ '7K-!t^:' 'Ti^-ipn nnn bk'îu^
from among you what is proscribed. i-'^Go and
nnnn apn-'pn-ny -^^n^K '>)^b h^pb
purif)^ the people. Order them: Purify your-
U2^v2]ijb -ii7'35 arin-ipji ^ : nDn-ij???
selves for tomorrow. For thus says the Lord, the
God of Israel: Something proscribed is in your
midst, O Israel, and you will not be able to stand
up to your enemies until you have purged the ^n:ib'> -iu;k n^'im n"'n:i'7 mpn mn""
proscribed from among you. '^Tomorrow
morning you shall present yourselves by tribes.
Whichever tribe the Lord indicates^ shall come
forward by clans; the clan that the Lord indi-
cates shall come forward by ancestral houses,
and the ancestral house that the Lord indicates
a-a Lit. "melted and turned to water.''
b Lit. "catches."
469
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 7.14 T U\U^71'^ D^K^nj
shall come forward man by man. 'Then he who ' iD^^^n n^mi? lonnj^ nip-" mn-"
is 'indicated for proscription,' and all that is 1^--iu/K-'73-nKT iriK U7K3 ^liN'' nin^
his, shall be put to the tire, because he broke
the Covenant of the Lord and because he com-
mitted an outrage in Israel."
-HK nnp:'-! nj^nii yibln"' u^p"]) 16
KÊarly next morning, Joshua had Israel come
forward by tribes; and the tribe of Judah was
indicated. '^He then had the clans of Judah riK "r'a"?""! niin"' nnQwp-riK nip;?"! 17
come forward, and the clan of Zerah was indi- nn3u;)p-nK nip;""! ^rnrn nnawn
cated. Then he had the clan of Zerah come for-
ward by ''ancestral houses,'' and Zabdi was

indicated. ''^Finally he had his ancestral house
:n-rin-' ny^'nb n")T-]3 "'inrin
come forward man by man, and Achan son of
Kraû; "^n PV""^^ i^^^^n^ ^'ni<^) i*^
Carmi, son of Zabdi, son of Zerah, of the tribe

niln i^'in") bi<>')\u-> 'h'^k nyi^b nip
of Judah, was indicated.
'•^Then Joshua said to Achan, "My son, pay
honor to the Lord, the God of Israel, and make nJDK "ink"! yu/ln^riK ]3V IV".!-"
confession to Him. Tell me what you have done; riKTDT '7K-!u;t 'r1'7K mn^y-'riKun 'pJN
do not hold anything back from me." ÔAchan '7Û7n K"iNi nK-ixi2i :''rT'tz;y nknT
answered Joshua, "It true, have sinned
is I
D-jriKni nnlu nhK iiJW n-)ii<.
against the Lord, the God of Israel. This is what
n'>\LJ'nn hnK nni ]wb^ r|pi) wbi^û
I did: 211 saw among the spoil a fine Shinar man-
D3m nnjPKT ni^priKT i'^j^wa u^b^^vj
tle, two hundred shekels of silver, and a wedge
of gold weighing fifty shekels, and 1 coveted
c]D3rT"i '^HKH "înn y"!K3 D^Jinu
them and took them. They are buried in the
ground in my tent, with the silver under it."''
22Joshua sent messengers, who hurried to the :n"'nnri ^'p3^[^ i'7nK3 mi?3U mm
tent; and there if was, buried in his tent, with -bK mKn"""! briKTi Tjinn mnf?""):-'
the silver underneath. --^They took them from
•>2^b npyî bK-]\u'' ^n'b^ bt^) ywlrr"
the tent and brought them to Joshua and all the
niT-jn py-riK yu/lni ni^^v-t -.rirn-'
Israelites, and displayed 'them before the Lord.
]'\\i;b-ni<.) ni'iNrrnKi qoDn-riK")
^-iThen Joshua, and all Israel with him, took
Achan son of Zerah —and the the mantle, silver,
'l-nu;-nKT vnj^-riKT pj^tikt nnTn
and the wedge of gold — sons and daughters, his -riK") i'7nN-nKi iJK':^-nKi i-inn-riKi
and his ox, his ass, and his flock, and his tent, DHK ^bv''^ mv bi<,-i\u^-b2) ^b-']Wi<-b3
and all his belongings, and brought them up to ijn-i3y nip yu/m^ lak"! -^ niDV pnv
the Valley of Achor. 25And Joshua said, "What m'K inn"! nin dv2 7T\r[^ T^?^"!
calamity you have brought upon us! The Lord
u;k3 nn'K idû;"") ]3f< bi<.i]U'<-bD
will bring calamity upon you this day." And all
"
i-i Or "itiughl in the tiel.
d-d So some Heb. ma. and iome ancient versiom: moH mu. and
"
editions have "men.
e I.e., the mantle,
f Meaning of Heb. iimertain.

470
NEvi'iM JOSHUA 8.9 n yu;in"' n^x^na
Israel pelted him with stones. They put them

to the fire and stoned them. 26They raised a huge
mound of stones over him, which is still there.
Then the anger of the Lord subsided. That is

Q : n;Tri nvri iv nifjy pr^v Mnri
why that place was named the Valley of
Achors^ — as is still the case.
8 The Lord said to Joshua, "Do not be fright-

ened or dismayed. Take all the fighting troops Dy-'73 riK i\m np_ nnri-'7Ki
with you, go and march against Ai. See, I will
'nnj I HK"! ""yn ribv mpi nhnbizri
deliver the king of Ai, his people, his city, and
his land into your hands. ^You shall treat Ai and
nu7K3 :l'hb'Dh^ ^vb n'^vjv^ '-
: iSf-iK-nKi
her king as you treated Jericho and her king;
however, you may take the spoil and the cattle
rbb^-'p-] n3'7)2'7T inn"''? nwv
as booty for yourselves. Now set an ambush
against the city behind it."
3So Joshua and all the fighting troops pre- rvhvb nnn^jan Dy"'7DT vipln"' dj^j'^t 3
pared for the march on Ai. Joshua chose thirty W-iK tq^K xi'^wbMj yu/in-'" -inn"! 'vn
thousand men, valiant warriors, and sent them
lyî^ ,r\b'h an^^^/î '^^nn nina
ahead by night. ^He instructed them as follows:
"Mind, you are to lie in ambush behind the city;

don't stay too far from the city, and all of you
be on the alert. Î and all the troops with me -'73I -"JKI 3 : D^pJ 03^3 Cin^rTl IKp
will approach the city; and when they come out n^m -i-'i;n-'7K nnpj •'nx "^y^^ byn
against us, as they did the first time, we will flee ijpj") nj'u/xnn "i\^k3 briK"ip^ î^^^r"'?
ft'om them. ^They will come rushing after us un- iJi^.-irirT ly i^nriK iKirîe :nri"'J3^
til we have drawn them away from the city. They bnlx
M'î^b Q''pJ n^DK'i ^s n^VH'jn
will think, 'They are fleeing from us the same
DriKi 7 : ari"'J3'7 iJpJi nj'\z;K-i3 nu/K3
as last time'; but while we are fleeing before
n^yn-riK Dnu/nini niixn)? \n^n
them, ''you will dash out from your ambush and
seize the city, and the Lord your God will de-
n'jms :t]3T3 a3-'ri'pK mn^ mnji
liver it into your hands. Ând when you take the n^VHTiK iiTiYri Tivn-riK D3U73ri3
city, set it on fire. Do as the Lord has com- ""rfiy IKI iti^yn mn^ inns u/ks
manded. Mind, I have given you your orders." :n3nx
^Joshua then sent them off, and they pro-
ceeded to the ambush; they took up a position
-'vb n^n 'vn ]''3i '7K-ni3 i^n inii/;'!
between Ai and Bethel —west of Ai —while \UVT\ "qinn Kinn nb'^'73 vu/ln;' ]^^=;i
Joshua spent the night with the rest of the
troops.
g Connected with 'akhar "to bring calamity upon"; cf. v. 25.
471
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 8.10 n VWMl'' D-iN-inj
"Êarly in the morning, Joshua mustered the uvn-nK -r'pQ""! ij^nii vmn^ ^^P"!) '«
troops; then he and the elders of Israel marched :'vn nvn 'jq^ '^k-ju/"' ""jpn Kin bv^)
upon Ai at the head of the troops. '
'All the
\b); inK nu7K nnnb'nn nyn-'^Diii
fighting force that was with him advanced near
]1QY)3 ijn;'} Tiyn n^j iK'nî iii/î"}
the city and encamped to the north of Ai, with
a hollow between them and Ai. — '^He selected
about five thousand men and stationed them

as an ambush between Bethel and Ai, west of :T>y^ n^n -"vn ]"'nT b'K-n-'n ]-'2
the city. '^Thus the main body of the army was

disposed on the north of the city, but the far
end of it was on the west. (This was after Joshua :pni;n Tiinn xinn r[b^b:^ vu/in--
had "spent the night" in the valley.'') — •''When nnn''T •'vri-'^b'n niK-i3 >n''"i n
the king of Ai saw them, he and all his people,
the inhabitants of the city, rushed out in the
morning to the ''meeting place,'' facing

ivmb 1?3V"'73i Kin nr^nb-Bb bi<,-)\LJ'>'
early
the Arabah, to engage the Israelites in battle; for 1^ nn'K-'D VT K^ Kim T^2^^v^[ î^b
he was unaware that a force was lying in ambush

behind the city. '^Joshua and
the direction of the wilderness, as though routed
all Israel fled in : "131)20 m 1DPT
1U7K bV'7''^?
nrfja^ '^^"1^^
""V^ n^vn
'^
tq'-i-i'?
V^fl
by them. 'Âll the troops in the city gathered nriK is^"!"! nnnriN
ipn^^l yu/ln''
to pursue them; pursuing Joshua, they were
*n'>';l^ '•'vs W'^k iKU/rK"?") i" n'-yn-in
drawn out of the city. '"Not a man was left in
'7K~!tz;"' nriK ikyi-n'p iwk '7k
Ai or in Bethel who did not go out after Israel;
they left the city open while they pursued Israel.

nnK iQi"!") nmns "i^vn'-nK nTy;""!
3 bi<,-]W'>
'**The Lord then said to Joshua, "Hold out :
the javelin in your hand toward Ai, for I will
deliver it into your hands." So Joshua held out u"."! n^jriK îp -"s 'Vn"'7K tjii^-iwk
the javelin in his hand toward the city. 'Âs soon niyrT-'7K n^n-iu/K pT'D? win-'
as he held out his hand, the ambush came rush-
ing out of their station. They entered the city
^'Sr\•n^>^ nna^î I'-yn iKnî 11^ nluJ3
and captured it; and they swiftly set fire to the
"•li^jK ija^v" :^K3 TynTiK irT'^:''!
city. 20The men of Ai looked back and saw the
smoke of the city rising to the sky; they had no ]U7V nbv njm wiî nnnnK ^yn
room for flight in any direction.
The people who had been fleeing to the wil- njni n^n Du'p
derness now became the pursuers. -'For when
Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had
captured the city, and that smoke was rising
biKn
Tiyn ]\uv nVy "•pi -I'lvrrnK
from the city, they turned around and attacked
iKV^ nVk") 2: : "'vn 'u;jKTiK la'i iû/î
themenofAi. --Now the other [Israelites] were
-]'7-n- -ins nma i /.«
a-a So with some mss. icf. v. y;; most ma III tihtii'ns rciij
•rraav T-vuni j'n'ap i r
"
"marched.
b Synac reads "with the troops"; cf. v. 9.
c-c Emendation yields "descent"; cf. 7.S.

472
—
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 8.33 n yiyin"" n^K'-nj
coming out of the city against them, so that they

were between two bodies of Israehtes, one on
each side of them. They were slaughtered, so
-nKi23 :U"''7QT nnu/ i'7-i''K\z;n mb:^
that no one escaped or got away, ^sjhe king of
-bK in'K nni^nT 'n mtin •'yn "^bp
Ai was taken aUve and brought to Joshua.
24When Israel had killed all the inhabitants
of Ai who had pursued them into the open wil- -'73-nK nn^ bk'wi ni^D3 "'rT:'i24
derness, and all of them, to the last man, had

fallen by the sword, all the Israelites turned back
to Ai and put it to the sword.
25The total of those who fell that day, men

and women, the entire population of Ai, came
u/JK b:2 r\bK nu/y niju/ nii^K-rvi
to twelve thousand.
26Joshua did not draw back the hand with

nyj i\LJK 11^ n"'u;rTk'7 Vu7inî26
which he held out his javelin until all the in-
habitants of Ai had been exterminated. 27How- •'nu;'^-'73 riK nnnn n\^K -rv Pl"'?^
ever, the Israelites took the cattle and the spoil K^nn ^^v'r[^bb\lj^ nTpnnri pn27 oypi
of the city as their booty, in accordance with the niy '^)UK mn'^ "inia bK'}p'< nn^ inii
instructions that the Lord had given to Joshua. :i7\f7in''-nK
28Then Joshua burned down Ai, and turned
-bn r[)2W'>) W'^Tix vu;in^ ci'"!ti;î28
it into a mound of ruins for all time, a desolation
^^Tp-riKi 29 : n;Tn nl^n iv r[iQr2\!j b^ly
to this day. 29And the king of Ai was impaled
KinpT nnyri nv-iy yvri-b:; n'?]! "yn
on a stake until the evening. At sunset, Joshua
had the corpse taken down from the stake and

it was left lying at the entrance to the city gate.
They raised a great heap of stones over it, which IV "711^ n"'jnK-'7j vbv iio^'p^T T'vn
is there to this day. Q :nTn Dvn
50At that time Joshua built an altar to the

''ribK mn"'^ nnm Vu/in^ nn^ tk3o
Lord, the God of Israel, on Mount Ebal, 3ias
nu;n niy "ijî^sî ;b^^v inn bKipi
Moses, the servant of the Lord, had com-
manded the Israelites — as is written in the Book
hQpn hin33 bk'yp'! 'Jstik nin'i-ini;
of the Teaching of Moses'^ —an altar of unhewn u^nK hntp nu/b nnin
"1U7K nin'7u;
stone upon which no iron had been wielded. n^bv vbv "ibv;^} bn^ jn-'^pi; 1"'.'?ri"i<'p
They offered on it burnt offerings to the Lord, nu7-nn?''i32 •.wpbw innî n^ri^b
and brought sacrifices of well-being. 32And nu7K n\i7'?3 nnin nji^n nk u->ni<r[-bv
there, on the stones, he inscribed a copy of the bk'i\u''-b2'] ii :bK-]\u'' 'n \i^b nna
Teaching that Moses had written for the Isra-
n-rn nnpV vip^m Dnuu;i vi\?n
elites. 33A11 Israel — stranger and citizen alike
I 1
with their elders, officials, and magistrates.
d See Deut. 27.3-8.
473
NEvi'iM JOSHUA 8.33 n yu/lHT D-'K-'n:
stood on either side of the Ark, facing the le-
vitical priests who carried the Ark of the Lord's -'7K vyn nnma hâ nin:'-n"'-i2 ]1ik
Covenant. Half of them faced Mount Gerizim bn-iy'^^n bm-bt<. vynrn •h^mn bm
and half of them faced Mount Ebal, as Moses
the servant of the Lord had commanded them
of old, in order to bless the people of Israel. 3'iAf-
ter that, he read all the words of the Teaching,

n'?^pLTl i^^1?i7 niinn nni-'â-riK
the blessing and the curse, just as is written n"'n-K'7 35 :n-iinri iQpn mnarr'^DD
in the Book of the Teaching.'' ^^There was not Knp-K'? •^\ui<. nu/n my—iu;k b^'n ini
a word of all that Moses had commanded •u/^rn '7K-jU;^ ^DP'^^ "i^J i^în""
that Joshua failed to read in the presence of the
entire assembly of Israel, including the women

and children and the strangers who accompa-
nied them.
^ When all the kings "west of" the Jordan
in the hill country, in the Shephelah, and along iqin 'b'2'2^ n^Qwni -inn ]'iy_r[ inyn
the entire coast of the Mediterranean Sea up to
^nnn ]m^n b^r^-b^ bM^r^ wri
the vicinity of Lebanon, the [land of the] Hit-
:''pin'im 'inn ^nsn 'jyjan nnKm
tites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites,
and Jebusites — learned of this, -they gathered
with one accord to fight against Joshua and
D :TnK ns '7K~it:;^-D:;")
Israel. nti/y "lU/N >iK li/Du; ]iyni 'nu;"'T3
-''But when the inhabitants of Gibeon learned n?2n-DJi wv'>^'^ -.^vb^ ^n^>^^•'b yu/lm
how Joshua had treated Jericho and Ai, ^they D^^n D-'pu; irip""! n^'oyi '\^b'>^ n)p-iV3
for their part resorted to cunning. They set out
''-in disguise:'' they took worn-out sacks for
their asses, and worn-out waterskins that were
cracked and patched; ?they had worn-out,
patched sandals on their feet, and threadbare
'\^b'^^<^ -.wijp} n^ji u/n^ D-fy nn'r
clothes on their bodies; and all the bread they

naK''") "ÂÂn mn?3rT-'7K yif/irr'-'^K
took as provision was dry and crumbly. Ând hiînn yiKW bk'W'^ \:;-'k-'7K"i vbt<,
so they went to Joshua in the camp at Gilgal and

said to him and to the men "We come
of Israel, ""piK "inn-'^N bK-]VJ^'VJî< "inN"!
from a distant land; we propose that you make "^'7-n-)3K nnDK "i-iKi 2v;v nr\K ^mpn
a pact with us." "The men of Israel replied to
the Hivites, "But perhaps you live among us;
how then can we make a pact with you?"'
e See Deul. 27.11-28.68.
a-a Lit. "across."

b-b Meaning of Heb. unceriain.
c Cf. Ueut. 7.2.
474
«
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 9.20 u v\p^n^^ D^Kinj
8They said to Joshua, "We will be your sub- -iDK'ii ijmK "^nnv v\f7ln^-'7K npK"!
jects." But Joshua asked them, "Who are you
and where do you come from?" ^They replied,
IKS hK)3 npîn") y-ikp v^k nnK""! 9
"Your servants have come from a very distant
country, because of the fame of the Lord your

:nn:y)pn nti/y iu/k-'^b jikt li/jpif/
God. For we heard the report of Him: of all that
'>2b'n '-'wb nti/y iu7k-'73 riKTio
He did in Egypt, 'ând of all that He did to the
i
two Amorite kings on the other side of the Jor- pn-'p^ j^niin inyin '^pi<. ""lUKn
dan, King Sihon of Heshbon and King Og of
Bashan who lived in Ashtaroth. I'So our elders -b^^^rrp} ij'''7K n^K''"! 11 :nl"inu7i7?i
and all the inhabitants of our country instructed
us as follows, 'Take along provisions for a trip,
bn"''7K DrrinKi DnKnp^ ^:2b^ t|-i"i^
and go to them and say: We will be your subjects;
come make a pact with us.' i2This bread of ours,
which we took from our houses as provision,

ij-innw in'K iJiûYH un îwb 1 nTi2
was still hot when we set out to come to you;

mn nnvi '^^''^ ^?!?^ ^Jp><¥ Di""^
and see how dry and crumbly it has become. ]"'^='rT nl"iKJ nbk) 13 : nnpj n^rri \uii
i3These wineskins were new when we filled
them, and see how they have cracked. These ^nin 1-IK3 ^b^ ^^''b:Jl^ Srn'iubiu nbK)
clothes and sandals of ours are worn out from •'S-riK") ny^'D n^'U/JKn inpî 14 :-t'kjp
the very long journey." i4The men ''-took [their
Vu/lH'' nrjb ti/y^Tis ^.^bi<:.î i<b mn''
word] because of-^ their provisions, and did
ani^n^ nnî nn^ nhpn nl'û;
not inquire of the Lord. 'SJoshua established
n-jvn "'K-'tz/j urib ^ynii/n
friendship with them; he made a pact with them :
to spare their lives, and the chieftains of the -"IU7K nnK wiî nufbp nypp 16 '>ti'')
community gave them their oath. bn n"'n-ip-''3 îJW.} rinn an^ ^ni3
i6But when three days had passed after they -'jn lyp""! 17 : D-'nu;'"' an innpni vbi<>
made this pact with them, they learned that they

were neighbors, living among them. i^So the Is-
nnpi nlnKni nn-'Dsrn jlvn^ brinyi
raelites set out, and on the third day they came
-1:2 bk'^\^'> 1)3. bi3n K^ps :Dni;^
to their towns; these towns were Gibeon,
Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kiriath-jearim. i^But
''ri'7K mn-'B niyn 'k-'U/j bn^ ^V^^^
the Israelites did not attack them, since the : D-'K-'\i73ri-'7i7 nivri-b^ ijVî bK'wi
chieftains of the community had sworn to them nivrT"'73"'7K b"'K^t£;iirT-'7D npk''"!i9
by the Lord, the God of Israel. The whole com- '^xnu/'i •'ri'7K mn-'ii nnb i3y?^;i ^^njK
munity muttered against the chieftains, '^but all ntz;yj nkr 20 : nnn v^j^ "751^ k^ nnyi
the chieftains answered the whole community,
ir'^y n"'n"'-k'7T nnlK n'lnm an"?
"We swore to them by the Lord, the God of Is-
rael; therefore we cannot touch them. 20This is
what we will do to them: We will spare their
475
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 9.20 u v\u^r\^> d-'k-'dj
lives, so that there may be no wrath against us

because of the oath that we swore to them." Tin;*!" Tin^ ck^'u/jh nn^^K nnK'^vi
2iAnd the chieftains declared concerning them, Diyv 'nun
r[iijr[-b2b n^>^2-^:li<\u^
"They shall live!" And they became hewers of
wood and drawers of water for the whole com-
munity, as the chieftains had decreed concern-
ing them.
22Joshua summoned them and spoke to them : n^:i\ij'^ iJnipn DnKi nkn bsD ijmK
thus: "Why did you deceive us and tell us you
lived very far from us, when in fact you live n"'n'7 D^n-inKU/T d^yv ""num iny
among us? 23Therefore, be accursed! Never shall °'>2
nnN""! yu/in^-HK uyi-' :''n'7K
your descendants cease to be slaves, hewers of
m.n'i niy "iii/N 'riK ^"'iny'p lArr iah
wood and drawers of water for the House of my
dd"? nnb' l^nv nu/b-riK "^"'nb'K
God." 2-iBut they replied to Joshua, "You see,
•'nu/'-'-bs-DK lm\u^lb^ y-iKn-'73-nK
your servants had heard that the Lord your God
had promised His servant Moses to give you the
whole land and to wipe out all the inhabitants nriv") --'
: HTH in^n-riK nu/yî nn-'jan
of the countr)' on your account; so we were in mu/y'? ^'pyn "iu/^t muD Tj-rp ijjh
great fear for our lives on your account. That anlK bî_} ]3 ur\b iu^Ji'] '-(^ -.
npy ^zb
is why we did this thing. -5And now we are at
DirT'127 :mnn i<b^ bi^.'iiu-'-'n td
your mercy; do with us what you consider right
^2l<vj^ D-'yy -"nun Kinrr uv:i yu/irr"'
and proper." 26And he did so; he saved them
from being killed by the Israelites. ^/Jhat day
3 nnn") iu/k mp?3n-'7K
Joshua made them hewers of wood and drawers
of water — as they still are — for the community
and for the altar of the Lord, in the place that
He would choose.
10 When King Adoni-zedek of Jerusalem Dû/n"' "q^n piY-'JiK ynu/D ''n-'i
learned that Joshua had captured Ai and pro-
scribed it, treating Ai and its king as he had •yV na'^n'î inn'''? nwy
ntf;y-]3
treated Jericho and its king, and that, moreover,
-riK ]iynj •'nu;""' iw'bwn 'pi 7]2b'l2b^
the people of Gibeon had come to terms with
I? iktz iKnî : : Dnipn T'n"! bk'W''
Israel and remained among them, -"he was"
very frightened. Lor Gibeon was a large city, like
nn'pn^ri ny nriK^ pyni nîii -i^y
one of the royal cities — in fact, larger than nû/JK-bDi ""yn-in ^b^'^y. J<''n •m
Ai — and all its men were warriors. -'So King D'7u;n-' -\bi2 piy-inN nb\I;^^ ^
: nnni
Adoni-zedek of Jerusalem sent this message -]bi2 DKiD-'^NT ]nnn"7i'7n nrnn-'^N
to King Hoham of Hebron, King Piram of
u-u Heb. "they were'
47^
NEvi'iM JOSHUA 10.13 ^ yU/IH"' 'KîJ
Jarmuth, King Japhia of Lachish, and King De- T'n^-b'K'i \LJ''pb-'r\biCi y-'Q^-^KT mn-i]
bir of Eglon: ^"Come up and help me defeat
Gibeon; for it has come to terms with Joshua

vu/in^-riK n)3"''7U7n-^3 jlynrriK nsji
and the Israelites."
5The five Amorite kings —the king of Jeru-

n^Kri ""p^Tp I nu/nn ^^v^^y iqdk'its
salem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth,
the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon, with

all their armies—joined forces and marched on nrfjn)?-'?^') an jiÂy-^^p uz-'p^-q^n
Gibeon, and encamped against it and attacked
it. ^The people of Gibeon thereupon sent this
message to Joshua in the camp at Gilgal: "Do

not fail your servants; come up quickly and aid
us and deliver us, for all the Amorite kings of
'nu;''' n')3KrT ^;ibr2-b'3 ^2^% lYnpj •>3
the hill country have gathered against us." "So
Joshua marched up from Gilgal with his whole
MH bi%'r[-])2 y\i7in"' bvh^ :'^nrT
fighting force, all the trained warriors.
8The Lord said to Joshua, "Do not be afraid

of them, for I will deliver them into your hands; DPI)? Kn^ri-'7K Vibln:'-'7K mn"' '^y2i<^^ s
not one of them shall withstand you." ^Joshua nnn ur-'K 'ir2v;]-i<b D''JFiriJ î^n ""a
took them by surprise, marching all night from

UKPiB i/U7ini wn^bK K'nî^ :"^-'JQ2i
Gilgal. lOThe Lord threw them into a panic be-
Djanîio :bj^b^r[-]'n nbv r[b^br[-b:^
fore Israel: [Joshua] inflicted a crushing defeat
nJpnrnsT? ns^'i bi<.^^^;^' •<)^b hyn";
on them at Gibeon, pursued them in the direc-
pln-n-'n nbv'D i^nT dqi~!''t Jlvn^s
tion of the Beth-horon ascent, and harried them
all the way to Azekah and Makkedah. nWhile
they were fleeing before Israel down the descent -JT'in "i"liJ3:n nn bk']p'' •'JSp i ddj^
from Beth-horon, the Lord hurled huge stones n-'inK °Dn'''7i7 "q^^û/n nyni} pin
on them from the sky, all the way to Azekah,
and they perished; more perished from the hail-

'jn unn nu/Kjp nnnn ""nKî inn—iu;k
stones than were killed by the Israelite weapons.
D :nnnn bK-yiu"!
i20n that occasion, when the Lord routed
the Amorites before the Israefites, Joshua ad-
mn"' nn nvn nyn^b Win;" iî;' tk 12
dressed the Lord; he said in the presence of the

I "upK^^T bi<.'W'> 'jn \i^b pnKrrnK
Israelites: bk'^p^' ^pvb
"Stand still, O sun, at Gibeon,
O moon, in the Valley of Aijalon!" :]1'7^k pjpyn nnî

iÂnd the sun stood still
And the moon halted.
While a nation wreaked judgment on its foes
— as is written in the Book of Jashar.'' Thus
h Presumably a collection of war songs.
477
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 10.13 >
v\u^^[^> D-'K->nj
the sun halted in midheaven, and did not press

on to set, for a whole day; '''for the Lord fought Kinn nv3 n^n k'7i m -.n^r^r} m^s
for Israel. Neither before nor since has there ever inriKT v^^b
uz-iK "71^3 mn"" V)2\LJb
been such a day, when the Lord acted on words
nu/""! 15 3 :'7K~!t:;"''7 nn'^j nin^ ^s
spoken by a man. ''^Then Joshua together with
njn53rT-'7K 1?3V '7Knu7''-'73T yu/ln^
all Israel returned to the camp at Gilgal.
'^Meanwhile, those five kings fled and hid in
a cave at Makkedah. '"When it was reported to
Joshua that the five kings had been found hiding

in a cave at Makkedah, '^Joshua ordered, "Roll n~!y)3:a 'Kinnj "'b'pjBn nu/pn wydj
large stones up against the mouth of the cave,
and post men over it to keep guard over them.

I'^But as for the rest of you, don't stop, but press
on the heels of your enemies and harass them

-bK DniK Dnn^n a3"'n"''K nriK idii
from the rear. Don't let them reach their towns,
for the Lord your God has delivered them into
your hands." -OWhen Joshua and the Israelites
had finished dealing them a deadly blow, they

were wiped out, except for some fugitives who iK'n^l DHp MiiLJ ann^n"! njpn-iy
escaped into the fortified towns. -'The whole -bK uvu-b^î^Ji^'-i :-iyn?3rT ny-'^K
army returned in safety to Joshua in the camp
-i<b nl'7\f;n nij?)? y\z;in"'-'7K mn)3n
at Makkedah; no one so much as snarled' at the
:iJu;'7-nK w^^b bi<,-]\i;'' ^nb ynn
Israelites. 22And now Joshua ordered, "Open
the mouth of the cave, and bring those five kings
out of the cave to me." 23This was done. Those
five kings — the king of Jerusalem, the king of iK-'Y"! ]3 iwyiT--' :n-iy)3n-]n n'pKn
Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of La- -]D n'7Kn D"'3'7?3n nu/pn-riK vbi<
chish, and the king of Eglon — were brought out ^^DTiK d'7u;tt' q'^n I riK n~iy?3n
to him from the cave. --lAnd when the kings were ^""3^ "l'?'?'^^ mn-)T ^'pjp'HK ]n3n
brought out to Joshua, Joshua summoned all
the men of Israel and ordered the army officers

iîi?""! Vu;lni-'7K 7]bi<,ri n-ip^Tan
who had accompanied him, "Come forward
-'7K "ink""]" bk'yiiJi u;"'K-'73-'7N yu/in''
and place your feet on the necks of these kings."
They came forward and placed their feet on inK Ki3'7nn n?pn'7?3n W2i<. ""ryp
their necks, ^sjoshua said to them, "Do not be *-'-iNiy-'7y D3-''7A-!-nK in-'w îiip
frightened or dismayed; be firm and resolute. -riK iwu;^") in-ip"! n'7Kn '3'7T3n
For this is what the Lord is going to do to all
nrT''7N "ipK""! -^5
: DnnKiy-b'y nn^'rn
the enemies with whom you are at war." -'vMtcr
^pm innn-S'KT iKT'n-'7N yu/in""
that, Joshua had them put to death and impaled
D3">3-'><-'73'7 nin"" niuy! n33 ^3 lynKi
on five stakes, and they remained impaled on
03"!-" :DmK D"'nn'7j nriN iwk
c Cf.Exod. 11.7.
478
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 10.37 ^ yu/in"" n^xîj
the stakes until evening. --'At sunset Joshua or- bv n3nî nn^^î p""'inK vu/lrt^
dered them talcen down from the poles and
thrown into the cave in which they had hidden.

iz/Tpî/n xl3 I r\vh ^'h^y-' :n"iyri-nv
Large stones were placed over the mouth of the
cave, [and there they are] to this ver\- day.
-8At that time Joshua captured Makkedah

rnvy^T[ ^^'bv ni'îî Q"'J;i^: ^^n\u''^
and put it and its king to the sword, proscribing
if^ and every person in it and leaving none that
escaped. And he treated the king of Makkedah K^fin uv'i yii/in^ td'p nijpn-nisi 28
as he had treated the king of Jericho.

29From Makkedah, Joshua proceeded with all
Israel to Libnah, and he attacked it. -^^The Lord

-i\^K3 nij?n q'pn^ "U/v'T intp T'K^n
delivered it and its king into the hands of Israel;
:1nn^ -^rh nu/y
they put it and all the people in it to the sword,
letting none escape. And he treated its king as

he had treated the king of Jericho.
'']rT'T3o inn'p-ny u\iv'>^ njn"? n-ri??3)3
31 From Libnah, Joshua proceeded with all Is- 'rT3'7?3-nKi bi^-w^_ iiii nniK-nj nin^
rael to Lachish; he encamped against it and at- rrnnwK w3;in-'73-nxT nnn-^D'p riz)::!
tacked it. 32The Lord delivered Lachish into the

hands of Israel. They captured it on the second
day and put it and all the people in it to the
nn'^n i^v '^>^1ti7-'-'73'i yu7ln"'°ini7;)i 31
sword, just as they had done to Libnah.
33At that time King Horam of Gezer marched
to the help of Lachish; but Joshua defeated him
and his army, letting none of them escape. -'73-nKi n"in-^3'7 n3:'T ^'wr^ Dl^n
34From Lachish, Joshua proceeded with all Is- ntpy"iu;K "733 rrn-nu/K u;3|rT
rael to Eglon; they encamped against it and at-
tacked it. 35They captured it on the same day -nK iTv"? "iii "^^n Din n^y ti<33
and put it to the sword, proscribing all the peo-
in'73-iy l?3y-nKT y^ln^ in3;'i iz/ip^
ple that were in it, as they had done to Lachish.
36From Eglon, Joshua marched with all Israel
to Hebron and attacked it. ^'They captured it

\u^2b)2 mv birp•'-b'2^ y\z;in^'n3i7i'!34
.Pi'hv ^'nnh'>^ n^'py iJii'i nj'p;y
and put it, its king, and all its towns, and all the
people that were in it, to the sword. He let none mn-^D^ rn3:'i Kinn uv2. nn3'7'')35
escape, proscribing it and all the people in it, Kinn L\V2. T\%-^''dJK u;3^n-'73 nxT
just as he had done in the case of Eglon. D -.w^^bb nu;ynwK ^733 nnnn
mv biTW^-bî V}JJ^r\^' ^V!!^^
.T}-'b]j ^nnV'T njiinn njlb'^yn
ns'^D-nKi 3nn-"'Q^-rTi3n rTn3^''T37

n3-"iu;K u;Q=in-'73-nKT nny-^3-nKi
d So several mss.; most mss. and the editions read "them.' "nniK" -inx noua
479
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 10.38 1 v\u^^[^ d^k^dj
^sjoshua and all Israel with him then turned

back to Debir and attacked it. ^^He captured it
u;Q^n"'73-nK") nniK nnn"! li^^v"?
and its king and all its towns. They put them
D : n3"~iLyK
to the sword and proscribed all the people in
it. They let none escape; just as they had done

to Hebron, and as they had done to Libnah and
its king, so they did to Debir and its king.
i)3nn:i} n-in-'Q'p ma;'"! nny-'â-nKi
''OThus Joshua conquered the whole country:*^ int; TiKU/n Kb nii-iu/K u;Qr'73-nK
the hill country, the Negeb, the Shephelah, n-iin'7 ntf;y-]3 liinn'? nti/v n\z;K3
and the slopes, with all their kings; he let : n3'pn'7T r[2:ibb niuv ~iu;k3t ni)'?)?'?!
none escape, but proscribed everything that
nnn y~iKn-'73-nK n3''viii
yu/in''
breathed — as the Lord, the God of Israel, had -"73 hKT nliU/KHT n^DWHT 3Ajrn
commanded, -i' Joshua conquered them from
"73 riKT inu; n^KU/n k^ an"'?'?)?
Kadesh-barnea to Gaza, all the land of Goshen,
and up to Gibeon. 42A11 those kings and their
^ribK mn^ niy n\^K3 nnnn nni^în
lands were conquered by Joshua at a single yn3 u;"i.j?n vp^r^^ n?!''!^' :'?K1t^;'
stroke, for the Lord, the God of Israel, fought :]1i;n^-ni;i ]m y"!K-'73 hkt n;TV""iVl
for Israel. -i-^Then Joshua, with all Israel, re- ^nK-HKi nb^n D-'3^?3n-'73 nKT42
turned to the camp at Gilgal. h)ni '3 nnK dv3 vwln;" 13^
ni^'^l^ :bi<'ip^b Dn^j bk'^p1 tI'^k
mn)3n-'7K 1J3V '7K"iU;;'-'73"i Vu/ln;"
D : nb^b^ri
11 When the news reached King Jabin of

Hazor, he sent messages to King Jobab of T]b7p-'7KT ]li)p -^bxi nnv-'^K ^b\l;'>^
Madon, to the king of Shimron, to the king of
'3'7?3n-'7KV :C]U;3K ^'7)3-'7Kl ]1~iaU/
Achshaph, ând to the other kings in the
nl-iJ3 3ij nnnvni nnii pSY?? -iu;k
north — in the hill country, in the Arabah south
iji;j3ri3 :n'ii2 liT niajni n'7QW3i
of Ghinnereth, in the lowlands, and in the
district" of Dor on the west; ^to the Canaanites
"•nEirT") nnxrn d^dt nimtz
"Tinrn
in the east and in the west; to the Amorites, Hit- yiKn ]lmn nnn ""^nrn nnii •'Di3"'rTi
tites, Perizzites, and Jebusites in the hill country; D)3i; Dn"'jnp-'73i an ik^vi rnsy^pn
and to the Hivites at the foot of Hermon, in the 3h^ n''n-nDu;-'7i7 -iu/k "îns 3-1-DV
land of Mizpah. 'They took the field with all 73 ^•l:;,v^-^ :~i'K?p-3-! 33-11 didi
their armies —an enormous host, as numerous
^)3-'7K Tin^ ^2r\'>^ ikiî n^Kn D^pV^n
as the sands on the seashore —and a vast mul-
Q :
'7K"it:7"'-Dy Dn'^nb nnn
titude of horses and chariots. ''All these kings
joined forces; they came and encamped to-
l.f., the whole ioulherti part ofCiiiuuin.
a Meaning ol I leh. uncertain.
480
— "
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 11.16 K-" yu/Trr' n-iK-inj
gether at the Waters of Merom to give battle to

Israel.
6But the Lord said to Joshua, "Do not be -riK h^-wi ii^b a"''7^n n'^D-nx
afraid of them; tomorrow at this time I will
^^^\un arfnna-iTp-riKi -ijpyri nrfpiD
have them all lying slain before Israel. You shall
hamstring their horses and burn their chariots."
"So Joshua, with all his fighting men, came
i^Q'T DKHQ Di-in 'p-'ry un''bv ikjv
upon them suddenly at the Waters of Merom,

and pounced upon them. SThe Lord delivered
them into the hands of Israel, and they defeated
them and pursued them all the way to Great Si-
don ''-and Misrephothmaim,-^ and all the way

-riK niH"' l^""i)pK "i\^K3 yibln"' hnb
to the Valley of Mizpeh'^^ on the east; they
crushed them, letting none escape. Ând Joshua
D :U7K3
dealt with them as the Lord had ordered him;
he hamstrung their horses and burned their
chariots. nlyn-'a nnnn nsn n3'7)3-nKi niyn
lojoshua then turned back and captured Ha- :n^KrT nlD^n?3rT-^3 u/ki kti n^^^h
zor and put her king to the sword. — Hazor was
formerly the head of all those kingdoms.
iiThey proscribed and put to the sword every
-n"'3^)3n ny-'73-nKTi2 :u;k^ rjnu;
person in it. Not a soul survived, and Hazor it-
yu7lni ipb nn"'D'7)D-'73-nKi nbi^ri
self was burned down. i2joshua captured all
those royal cities and their kings. He put them

r[\y n\^K3 DniK annn nnn-'Q'p ds;'!
to the sword; he proscribed them in accordance 'ivn-'73 pni3 :nini iny np'n
vdth the charge of Moses, the servant of the b^'lP^. D^lt:^ i<b u^n-bv nnpyri
Lord. i^However, all those towns that are still :yu7lni iq-itf7 n-i^b nlyrrnK -"n^^T
standing on their mounds were not burned ^TT3 nnriiirTi ribKri nnyn bbv; V^f 14
down by Israel; it was Hazor alone that Joshua
isn iKn-'73-nK pi bi^-îu^ ^n ari^
burned down. •'^The Israelites kept all the spoil
i<b nnlK Dinu/n-Ty nnii-'Q^
and cattle of the rest of those cities as booty. But
they cut down their populations with the sword
mn^ my nii/K? i? :n?pii7r'73 n^Ku;n
until they exterminated them; they did not -jiK nm n\y-]3 liny hu/'^tik
spare a soul. '^Just as the Lord had commanded nni -i^pn-x'p vp^ni ntf/y pi yu/in''
His servant Moses, so Moses had charged

Joshua, and so Joshua did; he left nothing un- nx-tn y'iKn-'73-nx y^îm niPîTie
done of all that the Lord had commanded ju/in V"!x-'73 nxT '3A^n-^3-nxi inn
Moses.
in-nxT nnnyn-nxT n'73iz;n-nKi
i6Joshua conquered the whole of this region:
the hill country [of Judah] the Negeb, the whole

,
b-b Change of vocalization yields "and Misrephoth on the west.
c Apparently identical with Mizpah in v. 3.
481
NEVl'lM JOSHUA 11.16 K-- u\u^^^^ D-iK-inj
land of Goshen, the Shephelah, the Arabah, and pbnn "inn-pi" in'n'pQwi '^îtz;-'
the hill country and coastal plain of Israel
'"[everything] from Mount Halak, which as-

-b3 riNT ]lJD-in—in nnn imVn
cends to Seir, all the way to Baal-gad in ''the
Valley of the Lebanon'' at the foot of Mount

-'73-nK yu/iH'' nu/y aîn. w-î >«
Hernion; and he captured all the kings there and

executed them.
'^Joshua waged war with all those kings over
a long period. '''Apart from the Hivites who ^npb '73n-nK pyn; ^2p'^ înn
dwelt in Gibeon, not a single city made terms pmb nn^n i r^yi^ riKp '3 ^" : n)3n'7?3n
with the Israelites; all were taken in battle. -"For "b'N-iu/^-nK nnn'pran nNip"? Dii'7-nK
was the Lord's doing to stiffen their hearts
it
mnn nn^-nvn ''nb'ib nipniirT ]V'nh
to give battle to Israel, in order that they might
he proscribed without quarter and wiped out,
D : nu/bTiK
-'At that time, Joshua went and wiped out the
Anakites from the hill countr\% from Hebron, -]n "i3^-]D ]ln3n-]p ~inn-]n D^pJvn
Debir, and Anab, from the entire hill country bi<-ip^ "in b'2^2^ niin'' in Vsipi nji;
of Judah, and from the entire hill country of Is-

rael; Joshua proscribed them and their towns.
22No Anakites remained in the land of the Is-
raelites; but some remained in Gaza, Gath, and

Ashdod.
2?Thus Joshua conquered the whole country,
just as the Lord had promised Moses; and
Joshua assigned it to Israel to share according 3 :nnn^>3?p nupw n^"?!
to their tribal divisions. And the land had rest
from war.
12 The following are the local kings whom 13n lU/N yiKH '3'7)p I hVkT y'
the Israelites defeated and whose territories they
took possession of:
East of the Jordan, from the VVadi Arnon to

:nn-iT73 nniyn-'^DT iin"in "in"iy
Mount Hermon, including the eastern halt ot
p3u;n3 nwl^n "•i'wNn -^r^ pn-io:
the Arabah: -"King Sihon of the Amorites, who
resided in Heshbon and ruled over part of
'ym''7n3n T|im
Gilead — from Aroer on the bank ot the Wadi hmr^ p'n^ •^v^ -iy'7jn
Arnon and the wadi proper up to the Wadi m-iJ3 :''iy nniyrn *
:p>3y ^J3 b^:\y
il-d If., the valley helween the Lehiinon nnti A ttti-lxhanon nmga.
a Mciiiiiiij; of it. 2 ami .' uiucrtain.
4h:
—
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 12.14 n-- u\u^n^' •'x-inj
Jabbok [and] the border of the Ammonites

3and over the eastern Arabah up to the Sea of nnn ]'h'>nm ninu/in n-'n q-ii nniT?p
Chinnereth and, southward by way of Beth- ju/nn "^bri Aiy '7in;n ^ : mpsn nliu/K
jeshimoth at the foot of the slopes of Pisgah
on the east, down to the Sea of the Arabah,
that is, the Dead Sea. -Âlso the territory' of
King Og of Bashan —one of the last of the

''riDyjani niu/^n '7nr"iv ju/nn-^Dni
Rephaim —who resided in Ashtaroth and in : ]l3\;;n-Ti^p ]ln^p b^2:^ "iv^ri ''YrTi
Edrei 5and ruled over Mount Hermon, Salcah, man bi<.'^\i;^ ^n^ mn^-inv np'n^^
and aU of Bashan up to the border of the
Geshurites and the Maacathites, as also over D : nii^jjpn unu; ^^r\b^ nAî
part of Gilead [down to] the border of King
yu7inT nijrr nu/K ynxn ^^bri Tibi^)-
Sihon of Heshbon. ^These were vanquished by
ha bv^r2 n?2T ni^n invn bk']\u'> 'ni
Moses, the servant of the Lord, and the Isra-
elites; and Moses, the servant of the Lord, as-

ribv'n pbnrj nnrmvi jlJn'prT nypnn
signed ^'-that territor)'-^' as a possession to the
bK'^p^, y^\ub y\f/ln^ njnî ^yvP
Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of nb^wii^ 171^ » :Dn'p'7n)33 nwy
Manasseh. ^nnn n^pi niniTpni niniyKnT nnnyni
TAnd the following are the local kings whom : 'pin^ni 'inn ^hîn ""jyasjii nj^Kn
Joshua and the Israelites defeated on the west
side of the Jordan —from Baal-gad in the Valley
of the Lebanon to Mount Halak, which ascends

iHK '^buj^-]'! "^bri 10
to Seir —which Joshua assigned as a possession
to the tribal divisions of Israel: în the hill coun-

nnK jlnnn Tj^n
try, in the lowlands, in the Arabah, in the slopes,^
in the wilderness, and in the Negeb — [in the :"FnK \ij^:2b "^bri
land of] the Hittites, the Amorites, the Canaan-

ites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites. nriK ~iu ^br2
^They were: 13
"fn>< '"^^T "^b-n
the king of Jericho i
: ifiK -i"ra "^by^
the king of Ai, near Bethel, i
"inx n)3"in "^^p ^

lothe king of Jerusalem i
the king of Hebron i

:inK iny '^b'n
1 ithe king of Jarmuth i "fnx nnb "^biz 15
the king of Lachish i :inK D^fiy -^bri
i2the king of Eglon i
the king of Gezer i
i-Hhe king of Debir i
the king of Geder i
i4the king of Hormah i
b-b Lit. "it."
c I.e., the slopes of Pisgah; cf. 13.20.
483
NEvi'iM JOSHUA 12.14 n-. yu/in"' a-'K-'nj
the king of Arad 1 "inK

'5the king of Libnah
the king of Adullam
'^the king of Makkedah
the king of Bethel
'"the king of Tappuah

the king of Hepher
"^the king of Aphek
the king of Sharon
'^the king of Madon

the king of Hazor
-"the king of Shimron-meron

the king of Achshaph
-'the king of Taanach
the king of Megiddo
22the king of Kedesh
the king of Jokneam in the Carmel
-Hhe king of Dor in the district'' of Dor
the king of Goiim in Gilgal
-•^the king of Tirzah

Total number of kings
—
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 13.16 ji ^]^^n'> q-'k-'ij
Baal-gad at the foot of Mount Hermon to "73 6 :npn Kin^ ny ilnnn—in nnri
Lebo-hamath on the east, ^with all the inhab- h^h n'D"iu;)p-"[y ]ln^rT-]n "inn 'nu;'"'
itants of the hill country from the [Valley of the] DlbnlK niil'"T'Y-'73
''J3 ''J3P ^•'3JK
Lebanon to "-Misrephoth-maim," namely, all
i\z;k3 n^njn'b'Knu/"'^ n'^so pi "^^Ît^""
the Sidonians. I Myself will dispossess ^-those
nKTH yiKn-riK p^n nnyv :"^''ri"'iy
nations-'' for the Israelites; you have only to ap-
portion f-their lands-c by lot among Israel, as I
have commanded you. ^Therefore, divide this

territory into hereditary portions for the nine
tribes and the half-tribe of Manasseh." nnnm ni:'n nnv^ n\i;b an^ ]nj
8Now the Reubenites and the Gadites, along :r\yr[-> iii; nu;n nn^ ]nj nu;K3
with f-the other half-tribe, -^ had already re-
ceived the shares which Moses assigned to them
"i'U7"')3n-'73'i "711^:7-^1113 -iu;k n'-vm
on the east side of the Jordan— as assigned to
Tl'pp pn'ip 'nv "731 10 : ]i3-'^-rV K31"'n
them by Moses the servant of the Lord: ^from
Aroer on the edge of the Wadi Arnon and the

"713^-1^ ll^^n3 î^n nu/K nnKn
town in the middle of the wadi, the entire Table-
land [from] Medeba to Dibon, lOembracing all ]u;3rT-'73'i ]1n-in -in Wi "'n3i7)2m
the towns of King Sihon of the Amorites, who ]U733 \'\:; m3^)p)3-'73 12 : n3^p-nv
had reigned in Heshbon, up to the border of Kin nlnnu;i73 'q'7n-"iU7K
'V11>5=ii
the Ammonites; n further, Gilead, the territo-
nu7b n?"! D"'K3~irT "injjn ^ku;j
ries of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and
-jiK bk'wi ^n iU7nln iib) 13 : ai^î
all of Mount Hermon, and the whole of Ba-
shan up to Salcah — i2the entire kingdom of Og,

"iiu/A 2\Ij^^ •'n3i;?3n-nK") niu/^n
who had reigned over Bashan at Ashtaroth and :n;Tri uvri iv bk'ip-' 3-i.i7.3 n3i7)3T
at Edrei. (He was the last of the remaining •"lE/K n^^nj ]nj kb ^fpn V2\ub pn^
Rephaim.) These were defeated and dispos- "iu;k3 in^nj Kin ^bi<.']\u'> ^ribi^:. nin^
sessed by Moses; i%ut the Israelites failed to dis- D :l'7-"13'l
possess the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and
]3iK"i-''J3 nuj?"? nvj')2 ]r\'',) 15
Geshur and Maacath remain among Israel to

^713^1^1 urib v:*"!'^ :nnn3U7j3^
this day. i4No hereditary portion, however, was
]lhK '7nrn3ti;-'7i7 nu/K nyni^J?
assigned to the tribe of Levi, their portion being
the fire offerings of the Lord, the God of Israel, 1\z;'')3rT-'73i '7mri-^ln3 n\i;K n^yni
as He spoke concerning them.*^ nu/K rT"'"iy-'73'i ]^pn 17 : k3T'?"'?V

i5And so Moses assigned [the following] to
the tribe of the Reubenites, for their various
clans, 1
6and it became theirs: The territory from
Aroer, on the edge of the Wadi Arnon and the
town in the middle of the wadi, up to Medeba
a-a See note on ll.H.

b-b Lit. "them."
c-c Lit. "it."
d See Deut. 18.1.
485
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 13.16 ji yu/IH"" D-'K-'nj
the entire Tableland — '^Heshbon and all its bv^ n'-ni Vyn ninnT pn^"! iu/^jpn
towns in the Tableland: Dibon, Bamoth-baal, :nVQJ3T n>31pT HYnil i« :]"ii7?p
Beth-baal-meon, '**]ahaz, Kedemoth, Mepha- -inn "inwn n-iYi njpnu/T D:'nnpT i'»
ath, ''^Kiriathaim, Sibmah, and Zereth-shahar

'"in the hill of the valley,'' 20Beth-peor, the
— -b^"] i^y-'jan nyVDî :nl)3U7''rT irinT

slopes of Pisgah, and Beth-jeshimoth 2iall the
towns of the Tableland and the entire kingdom

^b'n "lu/K nnKPT "ij^n jin^p mD^nu
of Sihon, the king of the Amorites, who had -riKi I in'K nwb nsn '"iu;k ]l3\^nî
reigned in Heshbon. (For Moses defeated him "ny-riKT bi^yriKT îktik yip 'K''wj
and the Midianite chiefs Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, ^:i\u'^ ]ln"'D ipipj yn-i.-riKi -nn-riKi
and Reba, who had dwelt in the land as princes Dpipn iiVri'l^ Dv^rriKv: :y-iKn
of Sihon. 22Together with the others that they
: Dri"''?''7n-'7K nnns '^Knuz-'-'n u-in
slew, the Israelites put Balaam son of Beor, the
riKT bu:f] ]'iyn jnm") "'n'b'inA v"'-!
23
augur, to the sword.) -^The boundary of the
Reubenites was the edge of the Jordan. That was
the portion of the Reubenites for their various Q : jnnYrn
clans —those towns with their villages. nrm'p irnu?3'7 nu/n in''"!:-!
^''To the tribe of Gad, for the various Gadite Stv:" b^^2^n hrjb ''n-'^^s : Dnnsu/a"?
clans, Moses assigned [the following], ^Sand it
became their territory: Jazer, aU the towns of

:nn-! "'JQ-'^v "i^>< "IV1"IV-1V ]1)3V
Gilead, part of the country of the Ammon-
n^juni n|jy)3n npi-iv ]lnu7n)3i*26
ites up to Aroer, which is close to Rabbah,
n-'B p)3i;nT27 :-inn'7 "ûrnv n^jn^ppT
26and from Heshbon to Ramath-mizpeh and
Betonim, and from Mahanaim to the border
nn.^ ]lDyi nispi nnnj n^ni uin
of Lidbir;/ 27and in the Valley, Beth-haram, b;l).^ i'i-!:'n jiiiu/n -^brz jin^p mi)"???)?
Beth-nimrah, Succoth, and Zaphon — the rest : nnnm ]'iy_'r[ nnv n-ib-DT hyp-iv
of the kingdom of Sihon, the king of
Heshbon —down to the edge of the Jordan and : nnnym
up to the tip of the Sea of Chinnereth on the
•rT^T nti^jn uniy ^yn"? nu/b jn""!-^'*
east side of the Jordan. 28That was the portion
:DnlnQu;p^ n\Fjn-',jn nu?p '>^rib
of the Gadites, for their various clans — those Dîn^
]u;nrT-'73 D''in)3p 'n?V^°
towns with their villages.
29And to the half-tribe of Manasseh Moses

assigned [the following), so that it went to the
half-tribe of Manasseh, for its various clans,

3')and became their territory: Mahanaim,,vall of
Bashan, the entire kingdom of Og, king of Ba-

shan, and all of Hawoth-jair'' in Bashan, sixty
towns; ^land part of Gilead, and Ashtaroth and
"
e-e Emenilalum yietih "in the hill country; anil in the Valley. . .
D^piDDa -iDDH ••yn
/ Change of vocalization yieldi "Lo-itehar": cf. 2 Sam. 9.4, 5; 17.27.

g Lit. 'from Mahanaim.
h See note on Num. .^2.41.
486
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 14.9 T y\u^n^ •'K^nj
Edrei, the royal cities of Og in Bashan, were as-
signed to the descendants of Machir son of

Manasseh — to a part of the descendants of
nlnnvn nu/b "^nrnii/K nî<32
Machir — for their various clans.
D :nn"iT)3 inn;" jî^^ -inyn nKl)3
32Those, then, were the portions that Moses
n)ni n57m np'-n iprk'p •'I'pribnu/^T 33
assigned in the steppes of Moab, on the east side
of the Jordan. -^^But no portion was assigned by
Moses to the tribe of Levi; the Lord, the God
of Israel, is their portion, as He spoke concern-
ing them.'^
14 And these are the allotments of the Is-
raelites in the land of Canaan, that were appor- nry^K DJilK ^bn) -iu/k jvjs ynKB
tioned to them by the priest Eleazar, by Joshua
nlnK WK'T] jirjî yu/inî 'jnan
son of Nun, and by the heads of the ancestral
nn^nj by\:x:^2 -.bK'^p-' -inb niuj^n
houses of the Israelite tribes, 2the portions that
fell to them by lot, as the Lord had commanded
nu7'?3 inr-'3 3 :nu)3rT -"s^ni nlu?3ri
through Moses for the nine and a half tribes.
3For the portion of the other two and a half

tribes had been assigned to them by Moses on :DDinn n^m ]nyi<b u^'fpb) j^-i'^
the other side of the Jordan. He had not assigned

any portion among them to the Levites; 4for
whereas the descendants of Joseph constituted

two tribes, Manasseh and Ephraim, the Levites
were assigned no share in the land, but only
some towns to live in, with the pastures for their

-riK '\[^bm bKip^ in wv ]3
livestock and cattle, sjust as the Lord had com-

manded Moses, so the Israelites did when they
apportioned the land. nriK in^n ri:ip'!~]'^ ^b^ v^k "ikjk'î
^The Judites approached Joshua at Gilgal, and -'7K mrji ni^-nu/K nn-in-riK nv"!^
Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite said to "7171 'HliK bv D"'rf'7Kn-U7''K nii/'n
him: "You know what instructions the Lord
gave at Kadesh-barnea to Moses, the man of
God, concerning you and me. Î was forty years
old when Moses the servant of the Lord sent

"inT \nK nu/KT ynKri-riK bpb yj"i3
me from Kadesh-barnea to spy out the land, and ly^v ^bv nii/K ^^nisi*^ :"'?;i'?"DV "iu^k?
I gave him a forthright report. ^While my com-

panions who went up with me took the heart '^K^nn uv:i nu/b ynii/^T^ :^n'7K mm
out of the people, I was loyal to the Lord my
God. Ôn that day, Moses promised on oath.
487
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 14.9 T- VU/in"" D^K^J
'The land on which your foot trod shall be a por- ^T)V^-i HD-)! -iu;k Vl.^17 k'^'DK hbK"?
tion for you and your descendants forever, be- ub'wiv ^''Jn'^T r[bmb n^.nn i\b nil
cause you were loyal to the Lord my God.' nnx n^^'n
nnvi '" : 'n'îS rnn^ ""a
lONow the Lord has preserved me, as He prom-
Lord made
ised. It is forty-five years since the
this promise to Moses, when Israel was jour-

r\)rT> •^±1, tk)3° mip mm n^v^•^K
neying through the wilderness; and here I am q'?ri-"iu;K r[Ui''r2-bi<, h-rn nnirrriK
today, eighty- five years old. i
am still as strong
' I
nl^n "'pjK mn nnv"! "'i?"!'?? "^J^lt^:*
today as on the day that Moses sent me; my

strength is the same now as it was then, for battle Tibs nu/b TilK rib\u nvn ~iu/k3 pin
and for activity." i2So assign to me this hill coun- : Kinî riKyî nrinb-nib nny ^nbDT tk
try as the Lord promised on that day. Though
"IU7K r[rr\ nnrr-riK ^'^"njn nnvi 12
you too heard on that day that Anakites are

nvJp^'nriK ""a M-nri nv'3. mn-" 121
there and great fortified cities, if only the Lord
is with me, I will dispossess them, as the Lord
promised." D-'nu/iIni ""nlK nin^ 'îk ni-iyn
i-^So Joshua blessed Caleb son of Jephunneh
and assigned Hebron to him as his portion. n'pD^ jnan-riK inîi vu/in"' inD-inî b
i^Thus Hebron became the portion of Caleb son ]i"i;in-nn^n :n^m^ ™"'"15
is""?!?'-"
of Jephunneh the Kenizzite, as it still is, because
uvri IV n^nj^ HJi?n nja-'-]^ n'73^
he was loyal to the Lord, the God of Israel.
npi nriK k^d
•'n'7K iu7K ]v:' n-Tn
i5The name of Hebron was formerly Kiriath-
arba: [Arba] was the great man among the
Anakites.
Kin ^pjy:^ "^n^^^ ^l^-? ^?"!^
And the land had rest from war.
15 The portion that fell by lot to the various ^[l^w m nun"? b•i^^r[ ^n->) I w
^lans of the tribe of Judah lay farthest south,
down to the border of Edom, which the Wil-

is
nij ^^na hnb '>r\^) : : jn-in nypn n3X3
dernessofZin.2Their southern boundary began
from the tip of the Dead Sea, from the tongue
that projects southward. Ît proceeded to the
"15^1 b-'in-ipv ^^V^^ ^^1^'î^^ ^^?"! •'
south of the Ascent of Akrabbim, passed on to

jliYn -invT ynn \ui^b n^jn ^[bv^ njy
Zin, ascended to the south of Kadesh-barnea, nnyv -.r^vpi^ri npJT miK nbv)
passed on to Hezron, ascended to Addar, and v^l^ n^m DnY)3 "^nj Ky;"! minw
made a turn to Karka. -iFrom there it passed on b^'2:^ w^b rr'n^-nr nip^ b^:l^î mKyn
to Azmon and proceeded to the Wadi of Egypt;
and the boundary' ran on to the Sea. That shall
be your southern boundary.
u Lit. "iiiul to go out and come in.
4K.S
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 15.15
^v V\U^n'> DiK''nj
5The boundary on the east was the Dead Sea

up to the mouth of the Jordan. On the northern
ny|7?p D^n ]Wb)2 njiQy nK^b b^^:^^
side, the boundary began at the tongue of the
Sea at the mouth of the Jordan. f-The boundary
ascended to Beth-hoglah and passed north of l^K b^ti^ri nbij) nn-ji/n n^n^ jiQyjp
Beth-arabah; then the boundary ascended to

the Stone of Bohan son of Reuben. ^The bound- bib:^ri-bi<. np miDyi hlDi; pjpyjp
ary ascended '^-from the Valley of Achor to De- n^|73 im ni?3-[x ribvizb h^rim
bir and turned north-" to Gilgal,^ facing the As- vri) \i;72^ ]^V">)2-bKb^2^r[ inyi '7m>
cent of Adummim which is south of the wadi;
\}^ "^dAn nî7)8 :bp ]''v-bi<, vn'Kyn
from there the boundary continued to the wa-
i<^î\ nî^p ^'\DW>ri ^n^-bii narT-jn
ters of En-shemesh and ran on to En-rogel.
8Then the boundar\' ascended into the Valley
nnn u/kV'^k '7inArT nbv) nb\i;^y
of Ben-hinnom, along the southern flank of the
Jebusites— that is, Jerusalem. The boundary '7mrT ikn)9 :nj5y D^KGn-pTpy
then ran up to the top of the hill which flanks
the Valley of Hinnom on the west, at the nî/n ^7^^^ -iKni jinQy-nn ny-'^K
north-
ern end of the Valley of Rephaim. 9From that
T^bv^:^)2 bî^rl'2v:]^ lu : nny^ nnp K^r\
hilltop the boundan- cur\'ed to the fountain of
"in ^np-bi< nnyi n^ytz; ^r[-bi<. njp)
the Waters of Nephtoah and ran on to the towns
n^n ly^ pôp K^rr njiGi-Ta any-'
of Mount Ephron; then the boundary curved
to Baalah — that is, Kiriath-jearim. loprom Ba-
-bK bî^ri Kyîii :n:r2r\ nnyi \i;j2\lj
alah the boundar>' turned westward to njinsu/'în^n "iKnyhjiQy""pnpi; c]ri3

Mount
Seir,c passed north of the slope of Mount
Jearim— that is, Chesalon— descended to Beth- ni bu:^^ n
r[)3iri ,
n)3^^ '7inAri niKyn
shemesh, and passed on to Timnah. UThe n-'iD niin;'-^_j -1 =7^^ nf bu^^ b^l^r[
boundar)' then proceeded to the northern flank
•.nrin^vj'nb
of Ekron; the boundary curved to Shikkeron,
passed on to Mount and proceeded to
Baalah,
nnp-riK i;mn^b np^ •'a-^x ni^n^
Jabneel; and the boundary ran on to the Sea.
i2And the western boundary was the edge of
the
Mediterranean Sea. Those were the boundaries nx pivn -"n n\LJ)b\i;-ni< :ib2 bi^jp
of the various clans of the Judites on all sides. ^yb^ 'Tp^rrnxT j^p-Tix-nxi ^pp
i3In accordance with the Lord's command -n\u) nn"^ 'nif/'-'-'^x nii/jp b:;'>_] 13 : pjyrr
to Joshua, Caleb son of Jephunneh was given
a portion among the Judites, namely,
Kiriath-
arba— that is, Hebron. [Arba] was the father
(
of Anak. ) ^Caleb dislodged from there the

three
Anakites: Sheshai,Ahiman, and Talmai, de-
scendants of Anak. isProm there he marched
a-a Meaning ofHeb. uncertain.

b Apparently identical with Geliloth, 18.17.
c Not the Seir ofEdom.
JOSHUA 15.15 iu yu/iri"' D-'K''3J
NEVi'iM
— the name of
against the inhabitants of Debir ^^73 inK='Ti'' :iQp-nni7 "'Jd'? ^:î
Debir was formerly Kiriath-sepher— 'ând Ca- •'nnjT ni3^T "iDpTinp'riN n3T"iU7K
leb announced, "I will give my daughter Achsah
in marriage to the man who attacks and captures n'73 •'RK Tjj7-]3 '7K-'3riy
-jiK '\b-]n'')
Kiriath-sepher." '"His kinsman Othniel the
-.nw^h inn nppy
Kenizzite'' captured it; and Caleb gave him his
-j-iNp b'li^.pb inrT'prn. nkun "nî is
daughter Achsah in marriage.
-iDK^T "ilnnn bî2 m:f^\^ nntz; n^:nK
i8c-when she came [to him], she induced
him-'- to ask her father for some property. She ''7-mn -iDKni'y :"n^'n?p 2.b3 n'?
dismounted from her donkey, and Caleb asked •''7

nnn^T •jnnj hi^n yiK -"s ^[2•^2
her, "What is the matter?" ''^She replied, "Give riKT ni^^v n'pA riK n'p-irr'i wn ri'731
me a present; for you have given me away as

Q :nl='rinri riâ
Negeb-land;/so give me springs of water." And nbrij riKno
nnin-'-'n nu)?
he gave her Upper and Lower GuUoth.^
:unnB\u)2b
20This was the portion of the tribe of the
niin-'-'jn nup"? nypn anyn ttt^'vi
Judites by their clans:
2iThe towns at the far end of the tribe of Ju- -iiyT bi<.:i:ip_ nn:\jn miK '7^3^'7^^
dah, near the border of Edom, in the Negeb, :niv"iv"! i^J'!^"'!"! ^PP"^" '•^'^^V.
were: Kabzeel, Eder, Jagur, 22Kinah, Dimonah, d'?u"j ']^^''^ "i"'^'?"'

ÎB"?-^
n"'^^''
Adadah, 23Kedesh, Hazor, Ithnan, 24Ziph, nnin

]iiyn nihpT 1 niyni 25 : ni'ry^^
Telem, Bealoth, 25Hazor-hadattah, Kerioth- :n-iî)3T vpwT a73K26 .^^^^^ K^n
hezron — that is, Hazor —26Amam, Shema,
lym 28 : vbB JT'nT pnu/rn ni^ lym 2:
Moladah, 27Hazar-gaddah, Heshmon, Beth-
n'7y5 29 :n"jrivnT ynw "ik31 bvw
pelet, 28Hazar-shual, Beer-sheba, Biziothiah,
npiriT b^'o'2^ t'pinb'NT 311 nyy") d-'^vt
29Baalah, lim, Ezem, 30Eltolad, Chesil, Hor- :
:
mah, -^1
Ziklag, Madmannah, Sansannah, 32/i-Le- nlKn'7T32 :n3pjpi mnini i'?i?^')3i
baoth, Shilhim,-'' Ain and Rimmon.' Total:

29J towns, with their villages. D :]nîym yu/nT
33In the Lowland: Eshtaol, Zorah, Ashnah,
34Zanoah, En-gannim, Tappuah, Enam, 35jar- um mjn34
arvm nisn i^yi
muth, AduUam, Socoh, Azekah, 36Shaaraim,
nniw n^lVl mniv?
Adithaim, Gederah, and Gederothaim — 14*^
nj^TVi
D-'niiii n-jijrn d-'/t'IVT bnyu;T3^

towns, with their villages.
3'Zenan, Hadashah, Migdal-gad, 38Dilan,
:]nnYrn niwyyniK any
*"
Mizpeh, Joktheel, 39Lachish, Bozkath, Eglon. ]y'7n 3*^ :-tr'7-!ini nu/irri ]J2^
(i C/ 14.6. 14.
c-e Mciinmg ofHeb. uncertain. Some Greek ma. read "he induced
her": cf. ludg. 1.14.
f I.e., as a dry land, that is, without a dowry:
g I.e., "springs."
h-h Cf. below ;9.6.
I Cf. Ain, Rimmon. 19.7 below, and I Cbron. 4..i2; Ennmmon.

Neb. 11.29.
I
The number is uncertain. Some of the same towns are listed under
Simeon, cf. 19.1-9: so Hashi.
k The number is uncertam. Tappuah and Enam may have been

one place: so Rashi on basis of 17.7.
—
NEvi'iM JOSHUA 15.63 iu v\L7^r['< 'K-'nj
40Cabbon, Lahmas, Chithlish, 4iGederoth, npyiT ^\3^39 :'7Kripî nsYTarn

Beth-dagon, Naamah, and Makkedah: 16 :U7"''7np1 DTpn^l 1135140 •.\'b'XV'\
42Libnah, Ether, Ashan, 43iphtah, Ashnah,
Nezib, 44Keilah, Achzib, and Mareshah: 9

mu/K") nri3^'i43 '.\^v^ "inyi njn^42
45Ekron, with its dependencies and villages.
46From Ekron westward, all the towns in the vi- :irinyni vvn
cinity of Ashdod, with their villages —47Ashdod, ]inpV'?46 :nnYrn. n^nnT PIPV*^
its dependencies and its villages — Gaza, de- its
pendencies and its villages, all the way to the rririij:! htv nn^^ni n^nun nl'iU7K47
Wadi of Egypt and the edge of the Mediterra-
înAH Dj'n'! Dn^Yjp "rnrny nnYni
nean Sea.
48And in the hill country: Shamir, Jattir,

Tpu; "^^^^
Socoh, 49Dannah, Kiriath-sannah' — that is,
nj"!i49 :nb1t:7"! n-'n;'!
Debir — 50Anab, Eshtemoh, Anim, siGoshen, njpriu/Ki njyT5o nnn K^n nip-nnpT
Holon, and Giloh: 11 towns, with their villages. -nriK Dny riby\ f?n-\ \\u'y\^^ :d^JV'!
52Arab, Dumah, Eshan, 53janum, Beth- :]rinym nnti/y

tappuah, Aphekah, 54Humtah, Kiriath-arba mri nTT53 :]i7u;Ki *n)3ni nnK52
that is, Hebron —and Zior: 9 towns, with their
nnpT nu)3m54 :ni7QKl m^rriT'î
villages.
vu;n any iy-'Y'i ]i-inn K^n viinK
55Maon, Carmel, Ziph, Juttah, s^Jezreel,
D : irfi.vni
Jokdeam, Zanoah, 57Kain, Gibeah, and Timnah:
'7Ki;iPi56 :nui"'i r]\n '7n"!3 1
pvjpss
10 towns, with their villages.
58Halhul, Beth-zur, Gedor, 59Maarath, mnni nviA i''i?ri57 :nijn Dyip^"]
Beth-anoth, and Eltekon: 6 towns, with their :jrinyni "wv nny

villages."' n"ii;)?i59 :-il"]^T "n:^"ri''3 b^r^bn^9,
60Kiriath-baal — that is, Kiriath-jearim —and : any tpn^Ki nijy-n"'nT
in"'"i.2f ni U/U7
Rabbah: 2 towns, with their villages.
niim any;" nnp K^n '7V3-nnp6o
6iln the wilderness: Beth-arabah, Middin,
D :]nnYni '^riu; any
Secacah, 62Nibshan, Ir-melah," and En-gedi:
:n33pT p^?p ninyn n-'n n3-r?33 6i
6 towns, with their villages.
63But the Judites could not dispossess the

Jebusites, the inhabitants of Jerusalem; so the :]rinym ^^
Judites dwell with the Jebusites in Jerusalem to ^b•2v-iib Dû/n"" nu/l"' '''pi3"'ri-nK"i 63
this day.
/ Emendation yields "Kiriath-sepher"; cf. Septuagint.

m Septuagint adds: Tekoa, Ephrathah — that is, Bethlehem — Q : nin
Peor, Etam, Kulon, Tatam, Sores, Karem, Gallim, Bether, and
—
Manach 11 towns, with their villages,
n Or "the City of Salt." "nnnv nnj< noijn v. 52.
491
, M.vi'iM JOSHUA 16.1 Tu v\u^n^> d^'k-'dj
16 The portion that fell by lot to the .TU

Josephites ran from the Jordan at Jericho n'7V nin)3n nnnm inn-" •>)2b ^n^y
from the waters of Jericho east of the wilderness.
'7K-iT'3)p KY^v :'7K-n"':i inn inn^D
From Jericho it ascended through the hill coun-
:nl-iuy '3"iKn '7inr'7K -invi nn^
try to Bethel. -From Bethel it ran to Luz and
passed on to the territory of the Archites at
Ataroth, ^descended westward to the territory
iriKYn vri) "iTrnvi ]1nnn pin-n-'n
of the Japhletites as far as the border of Lower
Beth-horon and Gezer, and ran on to the Sea.
JThus the Josephites — that is, Manasseh and

Ephraim — received their portion.
nv "i^K nnuv nnijn an^nj b^2:^
5The territory of the Ephraimites, by their
TTtp^n "^njn k:^î^ :Ti^^V n""^ ^T?
clans, was as follows: The boundary of their por-
tion ran from Atroth-addar on the east to Upper
Beth-horon, f'and the boundary ran on to the
:nnlr nim)2 iniK nnyi rib\u njKn
Sea. And on the north, the boundary proceeded Vaqt nnivjT nl-iuy nnlpâ ii^v
from Michmethath to the east of Taanath-
shiloh and passed beyond it up to the east of riKt rDpiri TinKyn vni nij? "^m hrp)
Janoah; "from Janoah it descended to Ataroth :Dn'n$u;n'7 an.QK-'jn nyp n'^m
and Naarath, touched on and ran on
Jericho,
Înn DnsN ^pb nl'7"in)3rTnnym ^
to the Jordan. *^Westward, the boundary pro-

:]rinYni Dnyn-'73 nii^jn-'jn nbm
ceeded from Tappuah to the Wadi Kanah and
"im ni^l'in 'j^jDrrnK iu;nln i<b^ 10
ran on to the Sea. This was the portion of
the tribe of the Ephraimites, by their clans,
^together with the towns marked off" for
the Ephraimites within the territor)' of the
Manassites — all those towns with their villages.

'OHowever, they failed to dispossess the Ca-
naanites who dwelt in Gezer; so the Canaanites
remained in the midst of Ephraim, as is still the

case. But they had to perform forced labor.
i / Amid this is the portion that fell by lot to Kin-ia n^^Jn nvnh 'S'lnn ••n-'i I
the tribe of Manasseh — for he was Joseph's

first-born. Since Machir, the first-born of Ma- "•ni} nr^nb-n i^k n^n Kin ^2 lijb^n
nasseh and the father of Gilead, was a valiant
n\ijm 'hb "•n-'V :l^^n"' "^^b^ri ^b
warrior, Gilead and Bashan were assigned to
him. Ând now assignments were made to the
II Meaning of Hch. untcrtam.
492
NEvi'iM JOSHUA 17.11
T^ yiyiH'' D^K-'nj
remaining Manassites, by their clans: the de-

scendants of Abiezer, Helek, Asriel, Shechem,
Hepher, and Shemida. Those were the male de-
scendants of Manasseh son of Joseph, by their
clans.
3«NowZelophehad son of Hepher son of Gil- -T'DTp-jn lij'pr]:! nan-jn nnab^yîa

ead son of Machir son of Manasseh had no
sons,
nlJ3-DK ^3 n^n )b vr[-i<b n\i7j)p-|n
but only daughters. The names of his daughters r[bm rryji rr'7ri?3 vHn nm\u hbh
were Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and
Tirzah. 4They appeared before the
priest '^^b) pi-jn i7U7in;' 1 ^jq"?! ]r^-:ir[
Eleazer, Joshua son of Nun, and the chieftains,
saying: "The Lord commanded Moses to grant
Dn^ iri"! iJ\nK în-i n^m îb-n^^b
us a portion among our male kinsmen." So, in
accordance with the Lord's instructions, they :in-'nK --nK 'r\'\m nbm h)r[-^ ^p-bi<,
were granted a portion among their father's n>^)? 12b niiuv rr\i;j^-^^nn i^qiiis
kinsmen. STen districts fell to Manasseh, apart '3 6 :
]-i-^f7 nnvJ? -i\^K jii/nrii iijb^ri
from the lands of Gilead and Bashan, which are vn -iiin^ nbm ^bm n\F})2 nij
y-iKi -i
across the Jordan. eManasseh's daughters

in-
herited a portion in these together with his
sons, nn)pD?3rT nii/Kp hii;j)3-bin^ ''r^'!^7
while the land of Gilead was assigned to
the rest
-bK '^713^0 i^ri) DDu; "'J3-'7i; ivjk
of Manasseh's descendants.
7The boundary of Manasseh ran from Asher
n\i7j?p^8 .-man pv i:^]ij'^-bK ]m'>ri
to Michmethath, which lies near Shechem. The

boundary continued to the right, toward the nji? "^ni "'înAPT 111)9 -.wi^k ^nb
inhabitants of En-tappuah.— SThe region of înn DnQK^ hbkri any '7ni> nn^j
Tappuah belonged to Manasseh; but Tappuah, ^ni^ pQi^Q nii;j?p "71^;^ r[y^^}2 nv
on the border of Manasseh, belonged to the
nnQK'p niiAJio :n)3,^ri vnKyn "-rfi
Ephraimites.— 9Then the boundary descended
to the Wadi Kanah. Those towns to the south
of the wadi belonged to Ephraim as an
enclave
among the towns of Manasseh. The boundary
jKif7-n''5 nii/K:;^ i2\uw'>:i r]\N^)2b
of Manasseh lay north of the wadi and ran ^nu/'-'-DKi rT''nij;n Dv^nT]
on rT"'nij:;n°
to the Sea. lowhat lay to the south belonged to

Ephraim, and what lay to the north belonged
toManasseh, with the Sea as its boundary. [This
territory] was contiguous with Asher on the
north and with Issachar on theeast. "Within
Issacharand Asher, Manasseh possessed Beth-
shean and its dependencies, Ibleam and
its
dependencies, the inhabitants of Dor and its
a Cf. Num. 27.1-11.
493
NEvi'iM JOSHUA 17.11 r yu/in*' D-'K-inj
dependencies, the inhabitants of En-dor and its
dependencies, the inhabitants of Taanach and :nQ3rT n\iJbvj

its dependencies, and the inhabitants of Me-
giddo and its dependencies: ''these constituted
-riK wnin'r nmrz ""jn ^bî i<b^ 12
three regions.''
nnu;^ "'Ji'Jsn bi<v) h^kh nnyn
'-The Manassites could not dispossess [the
inhabitants of] these towns, and the Canaanites k^ \Ljy^^ up^ 'Ji/Jsri-nK ijnn
stubbornly remained in this region. '-HVhen the
Israelites became stronger, they imposed trib- iipK"? vu/in^-HK ^DV ""Jin nni"'! m
ute on the Canaanites; but they did not dispos- b^n) nriK '7~ila n^nj >b nnnj v^1•n
sess them.
•"JDia n3-iV"~iu;K iv nynv ""JK} irk
''The Josephites complained to Joshua, say-
"DV'QK vu/lH"" Dt\'>bi<. ^^^DK'>^ 1? :mn"'
ing, "Why have you assigned as our portion a
single allotment and a single district, seeing that
-!\b riKini my^n "^b n"?:; hnK ni
we are a numerous people whom the Lord has
^7 VK-13 D^KQirn "'n?n yiJf<3 u\u
blessed so greatly?" '5"If you are a numerous -i<b qpi"' ""j^ npN""! "^ innQK—in
people," Joshua answered them, "go up to the 'Ji7j3rT-'73n "rh? ^?1t "i^rn ^}b nvj?"'
forest country and clear an area for yourselves -jT'nn "ii^k"? pnvn-y-iKn nw^n
there, in the territory of the Perizzites and the :'7Kj;~!r pny^ "i^n^t rrinum ]k\u
Rephaim, seeing that you are cramped in the '"
DnQN'7 ripi-" JT':i-'7N ywinT "ink"")
hill country of Ephraim." '^"The hill country
'^n^ n'3") nriN ni-DV inKb? nwjn^l
is not enough for us," the Josephites replied,
"and all the Canaanites who live in the valley
-in ""a's :nnK bJ\^ ^[b r[in'>-ir\'\ inK")3T Nin "iv;!""'? "n^'n^n^
shean and its dependencies and those in the 331 ""s 'jyj3ri-nK u/nin-is rriKyn
Valley of Jezreel." '"But Joshua declared to the Q :Kin prn '3 1"? '71-13
House of Joseph, to Ephraim and Manasseh,

"You are indeed a numerous people, possessed
of great strength; you shall not have one allot-
ment only. '8The hill countr\' shall be yours as
well; true, it is forest land, but you will clear it
and possess it to its farthest limits. And you shall

also dispossess the Canaanites, even though
they have iron chariots and even though they
are strong."
18 The whole community of the Israelite ~'7K-)U;''"'J3 n-|y-'73 ^b7]^^'^ I I
people assembled at Shiloh, and set up the Tent lyin '7nKTiK DW ij''3u;''i nbw
49}
—
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 18.12 m VU7irT' DiK''nj
of Meeting there. The land was now under their ^n2 ^'^nv'] 2 : nri''jQ^ nt^sDj y^Kni
control; 2but there remained seven tribes of the Dn^nrriK ip^n-k'p ipK bk')\u'>
Israelites which had not yet received their por-
'n-'7K yuîn"' '^)2i<'>^ 3 : "'pnu; nynu;
tions. -^So Joshua said to the Israelites, "How
long will you be slack about going and taking
mn^ DD^ jnj Su/k ynxn-nK riu;n^
possession of the land which the Lord, the God
of your fathers, has assigned to you? 4Appoint
n\[jb\u U2b inn 4 :n3''nlnK '>rib^
three men of each tribe; I will send them out

to go through the country and write down a de- iK'nî Dnb'm -^pb nnlK nnD-iT y-iKn
scription of it for purposes of apportionment, W\^br\ nv:i\ub nnx ij^^nnm? :"'^k
and then come back to me. SThey shall divide
it into seven parts — Judah shall remain by its
territory in the south, and the house of Joseph

shall remain by its territory in the north.
6When you have written down the description
of the land in seven parts, bring it here to me. Dî^b p'pp-j-'K '3°' :irri'7K mn^ î^b
Then I will cast lots for you here before the Lord "FAT in^nj nin^ n^np-'B n^nnpn
our God. 7For the Levites have no share among
you, since the priesthood of the Lord is their
portion; and Gad and Reuben and the half-tribe

of Manasseh have received the portions which
were assigned to them by Moses the servant of
^:ib° inK'7 ynKH-riK Inp^ n'-pynn
the Lord, on the eastern side of the Jordan."
8The men set out on their journeys. Joshua

imu/i nniK innpi ynkn li'pnrim
ordered the men who were leaving to write mn^ ^)^b by\^ a^^ T'^îs nan" ^bi<,
down a description of the land

— "Go, traverse : r\bp:i
the country and write down a description of it.
Then return to me, and I will cast lots for you ixnî "lap-'^y aî^^n nvnu/'p w^vb
here at Shiloh before the Lord."
\b]l;']îo -.ribp ninT^ri-bK vp'\r['>-bK
^So the men went and traversed the land; they
mn"' 'Jd'7 rib\i;:\ by]^ vu/in"' wnb
described it in a document, town by town, in
•"jn^ yixn-riK vu/ln;' u^j-pbm_
seven parts, and they returned to Joshua in the
camp at Shiloh. lojoshua cast lots for them at
Q .unpbn'123 bK'W'!
Shiloh before the Lord, and there Joshua ap- urin^p-Db ])2in-^n nujp '711^ '7^^'! n
portioned the land among the Israelites accord-
ing to their divisions. riK^b ^7^0 urib 'n:'ii2 :qpl"' ^n
iiThe lot of the tribe of the Benjaminites, by t\n^2-bi<.^b^:l}.'^ n'7VT i^n^n-jp misy
their clans, came out first. The territory which
fell to their lot lay between the Judites and the
Josephites. isfhe boundary on their northern
rim began at the Jordan; the boundary ascended
495
NEvi'iM JOSHUA 18.12 n-- i/Wirf D-'K-'nj
to the northern flank of Jericho, ascended west- Vm HMT n^T hnn n'^vi jiQYn inn^
ward into the hill country and ran on to the Wil- D\i;>3'"inyi '^ : ]ik nîn nn^nn vriKyn
derness of Beth-aven. '-''From there the bound-
KV nnjiJ hn"? n^^.?"'^^ "^P*^ "^liîn
ary passed on southward to Luz, to the flank of
Luz — that is, Bethel; then the boundary de-

:]"inriri p-in-n-'n'? nAjn -iwk inn
scended to Atroth-addar [and] to the hill south
niiij n^-nKQ'7 npj-i b^-^^n "ixni n
of Lower Beth-horon. '-tThe boundary now
turned and curved onto the western rim; and
the boundary ran southward from the hill on
the south side of Beth-horon till it ended at
Kiriath-baal — that is, Kiriath-jearim — a town nny"" nnp nyp)? nn^rnKpTs rn^
of the Judites. That was the western rim. i-^The
southern rim: From the outskirts of Kiriath-
nnn nYp-'7K "înAn iTTf^ :ninQj
jearim, the boundary passed westward" and ran
on to the fountain of the Waters of Nephtoah.
tqn3-'7K n'iin î ii^) D''i<3")
'^Then the boundary descended to the foot of ^P^"^
the hill by the Valley of Ben-hinnom at the
northern end of the Valley of Rephaim; then it
ran down the Valley of Hinnom along the ]rT3 i^K Tiî ')3-tK nhv'D nDriu/K
southern flank of the Jebusites to En-rogel.
nnnvn-^m rin3-'7K nnyi '« : ]3m-!-]5
'"Curving northward, it ran on to En-shemesh
and ran on to Geliloth, facing the Ascent of
Adummim, and descended to the Stone of

Bohan son of Reuben. '*Ît continued northward
-DT ]i\:/^"'7K ^^n^n nlK^n vmxyn
to the edge of the Arabah and descended into
the Arabah. ''^Thc boundary passed on to the -nxa^ inK-'7'3P niiirTV :n^j "7^3^
northern flank of Beth-hoglah, and the bound-
ary ended at the northern tongue of the Dead :an'nB\:;?3'7 n^no
Sea, at the southern end of the Jordan. That was
]?3^jn ""jn nya'7 Dnyi7 Tirrv
the southern boundary. 2('0n their eastern rim,
finally, the Jordan was their boundary. That was
the portion of the Benjaminites, by their clans,

-n''^2.^ Dnnyi nnivn :yyp
n^ni^:
according to its boundaries on all sides.

-iQpTM :n-iavi niBm nîynv -.btf.
-'And the towns of the tribe of the Ben-
jaminites, by its clans, were: Jericho, Beth- na-jm jlynA-^ :]nnyrn mpv
hoglah, Emek-keziz, --Beth-arabah, Zemaraim, :ny>3rn nn^Dsrn nBy?3rn:'^ :rii-iK3i
Bethel, 23Awim, Parah, Ophrah, -•'Chephar- r]'7Kn v^YT :« : n'pKnm bi<.B1^^^ npn 27
ammonah, Ophni, and Geba — 12 towns, with
their villages. 2?Also Gibeon, Ramah, Beeroth,
^f^Mizpeh, (Ihephirah, Mozah, -"Rekem, Irpeel,
u Emendation yields "eoilward.

NEVi'iM JOSHUA 19.15 u'' yu/irf D-iKinj
Taralah, 28Zela, Eleph, and Jebus^' — that is, ny nhp nm bû/n;' Kin 'pn^rr")
Jerusalem —Gibeath [and] Kiriath:^ 14 towns,
with their villages. That was the portion of the

Q :nnnQU7n^ Ip^n
Benjaminites, by their clans.
19 The second lot fell to Simeon. The por-

tion of the tribe of the Simeonites, by their
clans, lay inside the portion of the Judites.

2Their portion comprised: Beer-sheba —or
Sheba —Moladah, 3Hazar-shual, Balah, Ezem,
i'7ln^K"i4 -.WifV) nb^'i b}jw '^^nî
4Eltolad, Bethul,« Hormah, sziklag, Beth-
marcaboth, Hazar-susah, ^^'Beth-lebaoth, and
Sharuhen'' — 13 towns, with their villages. ''Ain, ]mi\u'] niKn^ nym
rrinifi ihdid
Rimmon, Ether, and Ashan: 4 towns, with their jijpi py I jnnvn'i T\')\uiJ-\ijb\i; nny
7 :
villages — ^together with all the villages in the -'7D1 jnnyn"! yn-iK nny ]u;yi -inyi
8 :
vicinity of those towns, down to Baalath-beer n^KH nnyn nin-'np "iu/k nnynn
[and] Ramath-negeb. That was the portion of
njpnj riKT n^j *n)pKn "ikî n'7i7;n-iv
the tribe of the Simeonites, by their clans. ^The
'"7111)? 9 •.nrin^p'nb ]'\:jp\u-^n nun
portion of the Simeonites was part of the ter-
ritory of the Judites; since the share of the Judites
was larger than they needed, the Simeonites re-

-in ^br\2'>^ nnp nn nnin^-^j^ p^n
ceived a portion inside their portion. ^nun ^bvhô :°0/'0^ 'V^^ X^^W
lOThe third lot emerged for the Zebulunites, irii) Drin3U7n^ ]bn'\ ^nb lij^bwri
by their clans. The boundary of their portion: I nbny, nbv) h niîu-iv nn^nj "70^
Starting at Sarid, 1
'their boundary^ ascended
-bK Vaqt riU7|i"i2i VAQT n'7i7"i)pi rrt^^b
westward to Maralah, touching Dabbesheth
nu7ii2 :nyjp^ ^)$'bv nu;K ^7111:7
and touching the wadi alongside Jokneam.
i2And it also ran from Sarid along the eastern
side, where the sun rises, past the territory of
r[bv'\ nnn^n-'^K kyî inn rib'pB
Chisloth-tabor and on to Daberath and as- nm nnnm n)pij7. nnv uwm 13 :

u^pi
cended to Japhia. i^Prom there it ran [back] to nKh?3n 11)3-! KYî ]i'^\?
nnv "i^D
the east, toward the sunrise, to Gath-hepher, to ]n|n jiQYjp '7in^rT in'K npJi ^ : ny^n
Eth-kazin, and on to Rimmon, where it curved nupTis :'7K-nriQ-' ''j vriKY'ri vm
to Neah. '4Then it turned — that is, the bound-
nny nn^^ rrinT n'7KTi ]lnpU7V'7^nj'i
ary on the north — to Hannathon. Its extreme
n'7m nKTi6 :]rTnym n"i.tyv"ni"'J^^
limits'' were the Valley of Iphtah-el, isKattath,
Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem: 12
b Heb. "the Jebusite."

c Emendation yields "and Kiriath-jearim."
a 15.30 reads "Chesil."

b-b 15.32 reads "Shilhim."
c I.e., the southern one.
d I.e., the northwest corner, opposite the starting point, Sarid.
497
NEvi'iM JOSHUA 19.15 V yu/irf n-'K-'nj
towns, with their villages. "That was the por-

tion of the Zebulunites by their clans — those
'"The fourth lot fell to Issachar, the Issachar-
ites by their clans. i**Their territory comprised:

Jezreel, Chesulloth, Shunem, '^Hapharaim,
Shion, Anaharath, -"Rabbith, Kishion, Ebez,
]V'P\?'\ n"'3"im2o :n"imKi fK-iu/T
-'Remeth, En-gannim, En-haddah, and Beth- nin pvi D-'iir]-'Vi nnnvi :vnK"i
pazzez. --The boundary touched Tabor, mnnn b^±^rl vadt:: -.y^B n-i^T
Shahazimah, and Beth-shemesh; and their T'rn \ur2vj JT-ni nn^Ynu/T nmynu;i
boundary ran to the Jordan: 16 towns, with their any n'pinA niK^n
X^y.^
villages. --That was the portion of the tribe of
nbm riKN.^ :]rinyni nipV'VJp
the Issacharites, by their clans — the towns with anyn nnnQu/^p"? -i3U7u;"'-"'jn hud
their villages.
Q : inn.Yrn
-•<The fifth lot fell to the tribe of the Asherites,
by their clans. -?Their boundary^ ran along

"lU/K-ijn nun"? 'li/'innn '7~ilAn ky"] 24
Helkath, Hali, Beten, Achshaph, -(Âllam- """^ni npbn ub^:l^ ^n^v.^ :Drnn3u;n^
melech, Amad, and Mishal; and it touched Car- bK\um nv?pVT 'n'?^'?^"!
-"
H^f^P^l ]^?)
mel on the west, and Shihor-libnath. -~It also
along the east side to Beth-dagon, and

ran^'
y^^QT pi n"'3 mwri nim nii/^^
touched Zebulun and the Valley of Iphtah-el to
pnyn n"'3 mlQY '7K-nn3T î2^ ]^b:2^:l
the north, [as also | Beth-emek and Neiel; /then
pnvi 2H : bi<'i2\LJr2 b^23-bi<. KY^T bi<,^v:]^
it ran to Cabul on the north,-/ -*Êbron,i'Rehob,
Mammon, and Kanah, up to Great Sidon. -"^The :l\u^ 29 : ns-i li-fY iv n2p^ ]mm nnm
boundar)' turned to Ramah and on to the nu7T iY-"iYn)3 "i"'V"TVT rrjp-in b^:l^rl
fortified city of Tyre; then the boundary turned njain priKYh vrn vn->i nun b^^^n
to Hosah/and it ran on westward to Mehebel,/
Achzib, -""'Ummah, Aphek, and Rehob: 22
towns, with their villages. ^'That was the por-
Dnvn nnnsu/n'? lu/K^^n nu?p n'rm
tion of the tribe of the Asherites, by their
D :irTnYrn n'pKn
clans — those towns, with their villages.
-^-The sixth lot fell to the Naphtalites, the

m^ 'iîi^n "rnliirT ky^ "•'p'riDJ "'P^-'-
Naphtalites by their clans. -"^-^''Their boundary

rj"?!!)? d'713:i 'rr'"! '^ : DnnBU/n"? ''7nDj
ran from Heleph, Elon-bezaanannim, Adami- bKn•>^ ni7jn ^niK"! D^ljyYn ji'^Kp
nckeb, and Jabneel to Lakkum, and it ended at nu/T ^t :]TT'n vnKYn "'n"'T tni7'7-iv
the Jordan, ^-i
The boundary then turned west- n^jr2 ky;'t mnn mjiK njp^ "711:1^
ward to Aznoth-tabor and ran from there to
1 lukok. It touched Zebulun on the south, and
it touched Asher on the west, and ludah at the
e I.e., from Helkath, v. J5.
/-/ Meaning of Hch. twcertain.
g Some Heb. ma., as well as Josh. 21.30 and I Chron. 6.59, read
"
"Abdon.
h The geography of \-v. .13- .15 is unclear in pari.
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 20.2 D yU/IH"' n-'Kinj
Jordan on the east. 35its fortified towns were n^_'^ n)2rn ny nîYn "i^np 'i.y'135
Ziddim, Zer, Hammath, Rakkath, Chinnereth, nlyni nmm nmKi36 mnpT
36Adamah, Ramah, Hazor, 37Kedesh, Edrei,
]lKnî38 :-iiyn pi;-) 'V"i."[ki u/ifp.Ts?
En-hazor, 38Iron, Migdal-el, Horem, BetJi-
\iJr}\LJ jT'ni njy-n-'nT nnn '^k-'^âut
anath, and Beth-shemesh: 19 towns, with their
villages. 39That was the portion of the tribe of

nKT39 : innif rri nnU/y-yu/n nny
the Naphtalites, by their dans — the towns, with
their villages. 3 :jrin^ni nnvn
'lOThe seventh lot fell to the tribe of the
Danites, by their clans. îTheir allotted terri-
tory comprised: Zorah, Eshtaol, Ir-shemesh,

pn^yu;-) 42 -.VJ-DUJ T'i/'l '7lKriU7K')
42Shaalabbin, Aijalon, Ithlah, 43Elon, Timnah,
nriJ)pnT [i^''Ki43 :r[bn->) ji^^kt
Ekron, 'i4Eltekeh, Gibbethon, Baalath, ^sjehud,
:nî;nT ]irin;-i nj7.ri^Ki44 :il-ipvi
Bene-berak, Gath-rimmon, 46Me-jarkon, and
Rakkon, at the border near Joppa. 47But the ter-
'nT46 cpja-i-nî pnn-mT "rrT"'i45
:1QT ^7^^0-0:7
ritory of the Danites slipped from their grasp. b^y2 pjîm jlp-i^n
So the Danites migrated and made war on ]i~^n iî/;)"! nnn n-^jn-'7in:i i^^".)^^
Leshem.' They captured it and put it to the
sword; they took possession of it and settled in ni up^) nniK w^^^) n-in-iQ^ nniK
it. And they changed the name of Leshem to
:Dri"'nK ]i nu/a ]t n\ubb iKip^T
Dan, after their ancestor Dan. 48Xhat was the
urin^mb ]i~^n nun n'pnj dkhs
portion of the tribe of the Danites, by their
clans —those towns, with their villages.
49When they had finished allotting the land

ri^nb^:!)^ y^Kri-nK-bmb ^b^^) 49
by its boundaries, the Israelites gave a portion

in their midst to Joshua son of Nun. 50At the -nK 1^7 ijrij mn-" iq-'^vso :aDlnn
command of the Lord they gave him the town nriii nnpTiJiprrnK bk\LJ -iu/k n^vn
that he asked for, Timnath-serah in the hill
:n^ nu/jjl -Tiyn-riK nn'>) d^dk
country of Ephraim; he fortified the town and
I jnarr "itv^k ^bm iu/k ri'^nîrT n^K 31
settled in it.
51 These are the portions assigned by lot to the

°niu)p^ nuKn "u/xni jil-jn vp^ri^)
nhni •'i^b n'7u;î by\:.:i '^K-iu/i-ijn

by the
1 1
tribes of Israel priest Eleazar, Joshua son

of Nun, and the heads of the ancestral houses, ivm briK nns
before the Lord at Shiloh, at the entrance of the
Tent of Meeting.
70
LJ\J When they had finished dividing the
land, ithe Lord said to Joshua: 2"Speak to the
Israelites: Designate the cities of refuge —about ny-nx xy2b ijn -\yi^ bvrw^ ij^-'tk
I Ca/Zfd Lflish in Judg. 18.7 ff.
499
NEvi'iM JOSHUA 20.2 3 yu/ini 'N''n3
which Icommanded you through Moses ho

which amanslayer who kills a person by mis- m>\z;n wEirnan n.yi-i nipu; 013^3
take, unintentionally, may flee. They shall serve
you as a refuge from the blood avenger. -iHe shall nbkTi Dnynn 1 nnx-'^K djv -.n-rn
flee to one of those cities, present himself at the
"jpT -"jiNn nn-T") T-yn ivuj nnB nny-)
entrance to the city gate, and plead his case be-
in'K iQpK") inn'iTiK K^nn—i-iyn
fore the elders of that city; and they shall admit
him into the city and give him a place in which

to live among them. 5Should the blood avenger -Kb^ vinK bin bi<^ y]^ -"DI 3 : njpy
pursue him, they shall not hand the manslayer
over to him, since he killed the other person '\b Kin KJtz/'K'pi inyi-HK n:2r[
without intent and had not been his enemy in

K'^firi "Tiy^ I
^^^l^ -.nwbîj b'\'nr\ri
the past. 6He shall live in that city until he can

nin-iy \^^P^b niyn >:i^b ii)pv-iy
stand trial before the assembly, [and remain
ann n^p^n n^n;" iu/k '7liarT ]ri:iiri
there] until the death of the high priest who is
^n'>:^bi<.^^'^^lJ-bK kit nyiin mu;^ tk 1
in office at that time. Thereafter, the manslayer

home own town, to .u\LJ)2 Dr~iu;K T'yri-'^K
may go back to his in his
the town from which he fled." ''pnsj inn '7-''7A3 u/ii^-nK iu;ip:'r
^So they set aside Kedesh in the hill country nnp-HKT ansK -inn as^p-nKT
of Naphtali in Galilee, Shechem in the hill
-ini;pT« •'r^yT^^ inn ]n:;in k-'h v^-ik
countr)' of Ephraim, and Kiriath-arba — that is,
-iy?-nK liinj nnnrp inn^ xiyb
Hebron — in the hill countr\' of Judah. •'Ând
-HKi ]niK-) nuJ3p iw""??? -in-fKj?
across the Jordan, east of Jericho, they assigned
]b'\3^ p'^rnKT irnu)3?p ly^^n nnKi
Bezer in the wilderness, in the Tableland, from
the tribe of Reuben; Ramoth in Gilead from the ny Vn n^K^ 'n^^'n nu^n iu;nn
of Gad; and Golan in Bashan from the "i^n ha^T bkyu-> --n I "^b"? niyi?3n
tribe
tribe of Manasseh. '^Those were the towns desig- m3iu;n \z;Qrn3)?-'73 rrnxLJ X)^}b nninn
nated" for all the Israelites and for aliens residing 'jq'7 n)py-iy oin '7k':i i^n nm^ i<b^
among them, to which anyone who killed a per- D : myn

son unintentionally might flee, and not die by
the hand of the blood avenger before standing
trial bv the assembly.
21 The heads of the ancestral houses of the Dî'rn ninN ""Wk-! iwa^t i>—
Levites approached the priest Eleazar, Joshua lirin ywin-'-'?^! innrr -iTy'7K-'7K
son of Nun, and the heads of the ancestral :'7Kit:7"' •'jn'7 muKjn m^K 'Wn-j-'jkt
houses of the Israelite tribes, -and spoke to them n3Ti-
lyp ynK2 7ibw:i ^ti^bi<
Shiloh in the land of Canaan, as follows: "The
at
i3'7-nn'7 nu;b-n^n my mn-' inK"?
Lord commanded through Moses that we be
li Meaning o) Heb. unLi-rUiin.

NEvi'iM JOSHUA 21.15
KD yu/irr' nixinj
given towns to live in, along with their pastures

for our hvestock." 3So the Israelites, in accord-
ance with the Lord's command, assigned to the
Levites, out of their own portions, the following
towns with their pastures:
4The [first] lot among the Levites fell to the

Kohathite clans. To the descendants of the nv}3)2 nhbr[-])2 ]ri3rr priK ^p>
priest Aaron, there fell by lot 13 towns ]T2in nu?3?3T
from the 'Ji;)p\i7ri nu?3JpT nyiu-f
tribe of Judah, the tribe of Simeon, and the tribe ''^^b)5 -.nipv \i;b\u nny biu^
of Benjamin; 5and to the remaining Kohathites
[there fell] by lot 10 towns from the clans
of the
tribe of
^niA^ r[\LJ2)2 nun lynnT ]VnD?3?pT
Ephraim, the tribe of Dan, and the
half-tribe of Manasseh.
6T0 the Gershonites [there fell] by lot 13 towns
from the clans of the tribe of Issachar, the tribe ''^nm •'pripj nmm ^^pii-n]o'^3m
ofAsher, the tribe of Naphtali, and the half- tribe \ij'b\Lj any bû:i ]\irnn nti^jjp ny??
of Manasseh in Bashan.
7[And] to the Merarites, by their clans— 12
]niK-) nu?2?p Dnn3U773'7 n-]?p ip^y
towns from the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of
wnp nny ]'7ut ny?3>3T irny)3?pT
Gad, and the tribe of Zebulun. SThe Israelites
-riK D'l'pb ^'7K-itpi-in uniTs
assigned those towns with their pastures by :n-!.tf7i;
lot
to the Levites— as the Lord had
commanded
through Moses. 3 -.biu:^ nu;'?3-Tn mn"'
9From the tribe of the Judites and the tribe

of the Simeonites were assigned the following
K-ij^T-iu/K nbkri DTivn dk ]iy)pU7
towns, which will be listed by name; lOthey went
to the
pHK ^nb ^'Hîio :up:i innx
descendants of Aaron among the
Kohathite clans of the Levites, for the
nnb ^3 ii> \n)2 ^nri^ri ninQu;?3J3
first lot
had fallen to them. hTo them were riK UTib liriî n :npi<.-^^ b-y\^r[ n^n
assigned in
the hill country of Judah Kiriath-arba— that is,
in? ji-i^n i<i^ri pmn ^nx y^-iK nnp
Hebron— together with the pastures around it. -riKi 12 : rr^nn^np nuz-jATp-riKi n-rin^
[Arba was] the father of the Anokites." i-They n'^D^ ijrij rrnyn-nKi "fyn rrip
gave the fields and the villages of the town
noK I '>nb)î D :in-TnK5 njs^-jn
to Caleb son of Jephunneh as his holding.
i-^But to the descendants of Aaron the priest
nnb-ni<) nu/n^n-riKT innn-nx
they assigned Hebron— the cit)- of refiige for
manslayers— together with rTU7-iA?p-nKi nri^-riKi h ; rruz-iA^p-nKi
its pastures, Libnah
with its pastures, i-ijattir with its pastures,
]'?n-nKi 1-'
: nuz-jAn-riK") ybnu/K-nx)
Eshtemoa with its pastures, i^HoIon with its
a Elsewhere Anakites; cf. Num. 13.22; Deut. 9.2.

NEvi'iM JOSHUA 21.16 K3 yU/IH"' D^K''3J
pastures, Debir with its pastures, 'Âin with : nw-iJDp-riKi nm-riKT rTU/-i:\)p-nKi
its pastures, Juttah with its pastures, and -nKT hui-DKT nu/iAJD-riKi i'ivtik') '^
Beth-shemesh with its pastures — 9 towns from

those two tribes. '"And from the tribe of Ben-
Dûniyn ""ju; nkrz yu/n anv
jamin: Gibeon with its pastures, Geba with its
pynrnK ])p^n nu)3m '"
q 'T\bi<>ri
pastures, 'Ânathoth with its pastures, and Al-
mon with its pastures —4 towns. 'Âll the towns
of the descendants of the priest Aaron, 13 towns pD^vriKi n\i;-i:i)p-nKi nlnjy-riK '«
with their pastures. ny-'?3 19 :y3"iK any nu;-!:i)3-nK'i
-^"'As for the other clans of the Kohathites, the any nnwy-u/b'u; n-'jnan pnx-'jn
remaining Levites descended from Kohath, the
towns in their lot were: From the tribe of
Ephraim -'they were given, in the hill country

nu)3?p n^-j1^ ny ^nî rijip ^jnn
of Ephraim, Shechem — the city of refuge for
manslayers — with its pastures, Gezer with its
pastures, --Kibzaim with its pastures, and rT\^"iA)p-nKi DD\:;-nK ny'nn vbp-n
Beth-horon with its pastures —4 towns. 23From : nu/nAD-nxT "itrnKi nnsK -inî
the tribe of Dan, Elteke with its pastures, n^^-riKT nu/nAp-riNT n^v?i7-nKi22
Gibbethon with its pastures, 24Aijalon with its
D :yn"!K any n^l^^P'îKi I'lin
pastures, and Gath-rimmon with its pastures
n\^~jji?p"nKT KpnV^^TiK ]vnu)3)pi 23
4 towns. -5And from the half-tribe of Manasseh,

]lb'^K-nK24 :nu;-iAD-nKT ]innj-nK
Taanach with its pastures, and Gath-rimmon
nu7"iA?3-nKT ll?3-i-nrnK nu/nAn-nKi
with its pastures — 2 towns. 26A11 the towns for
the remaining clans of the Kohathites came to

nyjp n^ynaTpT^^ d :y3iK any
10, with their pastures. -nrriK") nii;-iAp-nKi qjvJirnK nu;j?3
2770 the Gershonites of the levitical clans:
From the half-tribe of Manasseh, Golan in ">n n'inBW'nb ]^\''\Ij'^m^ -lu/v any
Bashan — the city of refuge for manslayers D :nnrii:irT nnp
with its pastures, and Beeshterah with its pas-
"YrDp h''^b^[ nnau/Tan ]wi^ ^2:lb^ 27
tures — 2 towns. 28From the tribe of Issachar:
-riK n^nn vb\?T2 "i^v.ni< nti/jn ny?3
Kishion with its pastures, Dobrath with its pas-
tures, 29ja]-muth with its pastures, and En-

TIKI '7^'1^^"''^^1 1^^? l^"i^ V^^
gannim with its pastures —4 towns, ôprom the

D : u^rwu any nu;-j3i7p-nKT nnniz/y^
tribe of Asher: Mishal with its pastures, Abdon -riKi ilû/p-riK '^•2\u\u^ nvr^m-^
with its pastures, -^'Helkath with its pastures, -nK 29 : niz/ian-riKi nin^-riK nw-jan
and Rehob with — 4 towns. '-^Prom
its pastures -riKi nm I'lyriK nuz-iaa-riNi mn-i;'
the of Naphtali, Kedesh
tribe — the in Galilee
ny)3Di *" D :y2"iK any T^^pim
cityof refuge manslayers — with
for its pastures,
Hammoth-dor with its pastures, and Karlan

-HKT nj^'^n-nK-M : nu;-):i?3-nK'i
b Exptuatwg V. 5. any nu;-iinTiKT In-i-nxT nu/iin

"
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 22.2 33 :J\u^n^' n^x-inj
with its pastures — 3 towns. 33A11 the towns of

the Gershonites, by their clans, came to 13
towns, with their pastures.

nu/nADTiKi Sk't n'nn-riKi Vru'lîn
34To the remaining Levites, the clans of the
•.\ubuj any ni^-jûp-riKi innp-nxi
Merarites: From the tribe of Zebulun, Jokneam
with its pastures, Kartah with its pastures,
-\ub\u nnnsu/jp^ wnan ni;-'73 33
35Dimnah with its pastures, and Nahalal with

its —4 towns. 36Prom the of Gad,
pastures ' tribe bnniiirT Dî^n n-jp-^n nlnsu/nî 34
Ramoth Gilead— the

in of refuge city for -nKT nyjp^-riK ]^^2] r[\Dt2 nx)?
manslayers — with Mahanaim with
its pastures, -riK 35 : nu/nAp-riKi nnip-riK nuz-jAp
its pastures, s^Heshbon with its pastures, and -riKT '7'7nrnK nu/nîjp-nK'i njpT
Jazer with its pastures —4 towns in all. 38A11 the
-nt))3ni36* D •.v:2.iK any rTu;-;:^)?
towns which went by lot to the Merarites, by
nnvriK nynn ub'pp S^vtik
their clans —the rest of the levitical clans —came lyân
ly.
-riKi D'ljnn-nKi nu/n^p-riKi

to 12 towns. 39A11 the towns of the Levites within
the holdings of the Israelites came to 48 towns,
nii/nAp-riK-i ]inu;n-nK37 inu/iAKi
with their pastures. ô^Thus those towns were :yn-iK Dni7-'77i riU7")^)p-nKi "iTv:'-nK
assigned, every town with its surrounding pas- nnnQu/ip"? n-jn ""jn^ anyn-'73 38
ture; and so it was with all those towns. n^-jlA ^^'^''^

n^ji^n nln3\i7)3)p nnnliiri
4iThe Lord gave to whole country
Israel the
D^l^n ny '7339 :nnu;i7 wnp any
which He had sworn to their fathers that He
n-iyii-iK any '7K"iU7T-'n n-rnx "qinii
would assign to them; they took possession of
nnvn nr^nri'io ]riiu;-i;ipT njbu/^ :
it and settled in it. 42The Lord gave them rest
on all sides, just as He had promised to their
fathers on oath. Not one man of all their ene- D :n^Kn nn2;n-'73b>
mies withstood them; the Lord delivered all y"iKn-'73-nK bk'yp^b nin^ ]Jnî4i
their enemies into their hands. 43Not one of the inu/^.l rnu;")"! nninx^ nn^ ynurj n\^K
good things which the Lord had promised to "733 3i3D?p hrib mn;' njî^: :n3
the House of Israel was lacking. Everything was
U7"'K Tpy-K'?"] nnl3K^ ynu/rnu/K
fulfilled.
nrT^3^K-'73 nx nn'-n^'K-b'sn bri"'JD3
Vsp -iiT '7Qrk'p43 .nii'2. nyi-' ]n;
n^B-^K mn;' ni-i—iu;k niun "in^rr
D :K3 '73n bi<,l\U''
99
AÂ^ Then Joshua summoned
and the half-tribe of Manasseh,
the Reuben- 13
ites, the Gadites, Dri"''7K "i)pK=|i2 -.rwyn nun 'Yn^'i
2and said to them, "You have observed all that
Somemss. and editions add the following (cf. I Chron. 6.63-64):

"And from the tribe of Reuben: Bezer with its pastures, ]ahaz
'M-'wb n^'mii p~\Bn iKU^n tk ,^^K nou •a "7^
with itspastures, Kedemoth with itspastures, and Mephiiath with
its pastures— 4 towns.
Meaning of verse uncertain.
503
NEVi'iM lOSHUA 22.2 23 ywinT D^Kâj
Moses the servant of the Lord commanded you, ^3^ >^'ipn ivnwni mni iny nu/b
and have obeyed me in everything that I com- riK nnntifK'? <
:DpnK 'n''i2/-"iu;K
manded you. ^You have not forsaken your kins-
men through the long years down to this day,
mn^ myn nnnu/n-nK arnnu/T
but have faithfully observed the Instruction of
the Lord your God. 'Now the Lord your God
DD^ri^K nin"' n^'iri nnvv :Q3"'n'7K
has given your kinsmen rest, as He promised

them. Therefore turn and go to your homes, to DDn-TiiK Vl.K-'7K DD-i'^nK^ u^b ^•2b^
the land of your holdings beyond the Jordan nnv:n nin;" iny h\i;)2 n5^ jnj i -iiltk
that Moses the servant of the Lord assigned to -riK nwvb ikn ^'^•D\u \
pn.s :]iy_ri
you. •''But be very careful to fulfill the Instruction
and the Teaching that Moses the servant of the
nin;'-nK 'r[:ir}Kb° "nin-'-ini; nu;b
Lord enjoined upon you, to love the Lord your
"irivjb) T'3"i"i-'7Dn nn"?^! DD-'n'pK
God and to walk in all His ways, and to keep
His commandments and hold fast to Him, and
to serve Him with all your heart and soul."
Qnîîi viîn^ aîn^T <^ -.
Du;Dr'73ni
'Then Joshua blessed them and dismissed them,
and they went to their homes.
"To the one half-tribe of Manasseh Moses had inyn nn"'nK-DV Vu/in;" jnj v:inb^
assigned territory in Bashan, and to the other
Joshua assigned [territory] on the west side of

uri''br\K-bK vu/in"' unb]u ^3 n^^
the Jordan, with their kinsmen."
n-'D^jn i'^k'? uii^bK iipK''"! .-^
: 0313^1
Furthermore, when Joshua sent them'' off to
"31 nJpn3T b3-''7nK-'7K ^:lW uîi
their homes, he blessed them *<and said to them,
"Return to your homes with great wealth — with '7T-133T nU;'nJ3T 3rTT31 ^1033 IKQ
very much livestock, with silver and gold, \sith -bb\u ip^n "iKn n3-irT nl)3'ptz;3i
copper and iron, and with a great quantity of 13^'''l 13U;^1 '^ Q : D3"'nK-Di; a3'»3"'K
clothing. Share the spoil of your enemies with n\i;jnn U3i^ 1
^yni ir^'nT ]3ik"i""'23
your kinsmen." '^So the Reubenites, the Gadites,
-y-iK? "i^îS li'^wn bi<.-i\u^ •'J3 riKn
and the half-tribe of Manasseh left the Israelites
y-!K-'7K ny'Ân vin"'7k ri3'7'p ]VJ3
at Shiloh, in the land of Canaan, and made their
mn"" '>$'b:j ni-îriKJ "iu/k DninN
way back to the land of Gilead, the land of their
own holding, which they had acquired by the
jillirT nl'7'>^r'7K iKriî i" :nw>3-T3
command of the Lord through Moses. ""When ""nT jîKn-in ^n'>^ jvp yiN3 -iu;k
they came to the region of the Jordan in the land -bv n^Tw uvj nwjnn U3u; ^yni li
of Canaan, the Reubenites and the Gadites and :nK"in'7 bM^ n3Tn jTiiin
the half-tribe of Manasseh built an altar there
1J3 n^n "i^k"? '7k-iu;-'-'J3 lynu;"")"!
by the Jordan, a great conspicuous altar.
nî^jnn U3\i; "•yni nr''J3i i3iki-'J3
"A report reached the Israelites: "The
Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of
u If., the other nine tnha.

h I.e.. the two iinil a half thhn.
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 22.22 ID yU/lH"' D-'K-'iJ
Manasseh have built an altar opposite the land -'7K jyb y-iK ''7^)3-'7K niiTprT-nK
of Canaan, in the region of the Jordan, across
from the Israelites." i2When the Israelites heard
this, the whole community of the Israelites as-
nri^b:;^ ni^y^ rib\u ''7K"i\z;:'-^J3 niv
sembled at Shiloh to make war on them. i3But
-'7K '7K"iU7^-'jn ^nb]u'>^Ji d i^'^^)'
[first] the Israelites sent the priest Phinehas son
of Eleazar to the Reubenites, the Gadites, and
the half-tribe of Manasseh in the land of Gilead, -j3 Dnr3-nK iv^n n]!^"'^^ ^W^^
iâccompanied by ten chieftains, one chieftain i)3i7 h''Kp2 rrwvî'i :]ri"3rT "itv^k
from each ancestral house of each of the tribes '7'd'7 nK n"'n'7 nriK K'>p:i nnx K^ti/j
of Israel; they were every one of them heads of

ancestral houses of the contingents of Israel,
-'jn"'7K m'iîis :'7K1ti7"' "q^k'? njpn
iswhen they came to the Reubenites, the Gad-
ites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh in the land
of Gilead, they spoke to them as follows:
nt2i<.b DJiK nnTT ""sb^ri V"!K"'7K
i6"Thus said the whole community of the b'v?3ri-n?p nin"" niv i Vb n>pK na le
Lord: What is this treachery that you have com- :iwb bk-îu^ ''ribK:ii. bn^vp '^P^ '^l'^
mitted this day against the God of Israel, turning

away from the Lord, building yourselves an al- ij^-uypni7 :nin"'ii ni^'ri a:?"T")jp'?
tar and rebelling this day against the Lord! iîs
Mii2)2 iJ-inun-K'p nu7K nli/Q jivtik
the sin of Peor, which brought a plague upon
:rrin^ niyii ^^3^n '>'^\'>^
nTri nvn ny
the community of the Lord, such a small thing
n^rn mn^ ''"iDK)? tii^n inu/n briKT is
to us? We have not cleansed ourselves from it
to this very day; Sand i

now you would turn away -'73-'7K -inni nin^n hvri n-i?pji oriK
from the Lord! If you rebel against the Lord HKJpp-DK "qkli? :t^'ypT '^K-jU/"' fllV
today, tomorrow He will be angry with the

whole community of Israel. 'Îf jt is because the iTriKnT n)w ]^\ij)2 buz-jDu; "i\^k h)'n'>
land of your holding is unclean, cross over into -bK ijn'Ki nn)pn-'7K nin^'ni iJpinî
the land of the Lord's own holding, where the
ny^np niTjp bD^ Q^ri'p? nnipn
Tabernacle of the Lord abides, and acquire
]Di7 I K"ib'n2o :ijirf'7K nin;' nnm
holdings among us. But do not rebel against the
Lord, and do not rebel against us by building
n-Ti7-'73-'7i7i Dinn ^bm bvi2 m.rjn
for yourselves an altar other than the altar of kb "rriK U7^K Kim c]Yi7 n^n bi<.'ip^
the Lord our God. 20When Achan son of Zerah

violated the proscription, anger struck the
whole community of Israel; he was not the only : Vk-ju;;' "iQ^K ""^lyKn-nK nsTT nwjpn
one who perished for that sin."
I 'rf'7K I bK mn^ i d^h'^k i ^bi<. 22
2 'The Reubenites, the Gadites, and the
-DK yi"" Kin '7K"it:7"'T ym Kin nin^
half-tribe of Manasseh replied to the heads of
the contingents of Israel: They said, 22"God, the

Lord God! God, the Lord God! He knows, and
NEvi'iM JOSHUA 22.22 n3 yu/inT D-'K-in:)
Israel too shall know! If we acted in rebellion

or in treachery against the Lord, do not vin- iiwb nim \2^ nun'p^? inrn dvpt
dicate us this day! 23lf we built an altar to turn
v^v n^bv^r\b-nK^ mn*' nriKn
n'7ly
away from the Lord, if it was to offer burnt
umb\u TinT vb]; mu;v'7-nKi nrnpi
offerings or meal offerings upon it, or to present
nAK"in kynKi--* .\u^2'> Kin mn;"
sacrifices of well-being upon it, may the Lord
Himself demand (a reckoning). 24We did this
n^K"' "iiin inK"? riKT-riK ^ripv -ii'i)p
thing only out of our concern that, in time to ^[^^^^b^ u^b'TTD idk"? u^n"? U2^n
come, your children might say to our children, iji""? n"in^-]nj '712^125 :'7k-iU;-' •>ribi<.
'What have you to do with the Lord, the God

of Israel? -^The Lord has made the Jordan a
ht)undar\' between you and us, O Reubenites
:nin"'-nK K'-f ^nb:ib irin-riK
and Gadites; you have no share in the Lord!'
-riK nljn'? ^2b Krnu/yj iTpKii^^
Thus your children might prevent our children
from worshiping the Lord. 26So we decided to
ii;%3 27
:n^fp i(b) nb'wb i<b n^mri
provide [a witness] for ourselves by building an 'ir-inKîrniii ]^m DD^rni irr^ Kin
altar — not for burnt offerings or [other] sac- irnlVvs v^^b nin^ ni'ny-riK inv^
rifices, 27but as a witness between you and us, U2^n ^'i)2i<^-i<b^ irip'pu/m irnnni
and between the generations to come — that we imn^n pbn 3^"1"'k iJ^'Jn'? -inn
may perform the service of the Lord before -bi<,) ^rbi< n?3K"'-'3 n^ni -inK'h^s
Him' with our burnt offerings, our sacrifices,
"iTinn-nK iki m^Ki inn irn'ii
and our offerings of well-being; and that your
i<b irninK ityy-i\^K nin^ nnra
children should not say to our children in time
to come, 'You have no share in the Lord.' -*<We

ij-ipn Kin ny-'D nnrb? i<b^ n^lyb'
reasoned: should they speak thus to us and to iip^ ^m'n Mb n^-'b'n^y :D3">rni
our children in time to come, we would reply, nijn'? nin^ nriKip nl^n ^wb) nin")!!
'See the replica of the Lord's altar,' which our nnin liib-n nnî nnjn^ nVy'? naia
fathers made — not for burnt offerings or sac- D :iJ3\:7n ^2^b lu/K irn'7K mn^
rifices, but as a witness between you and us.'
^1>!\^ '><"'t^JT insn onrB ynu;"')-'"
2^Far be it from us to rebel against the Lord,
"riK iJiK -IU7K '^Klt^"' ''^bs ""WK-ll
or to turn away this day from the Lord and build
an altar for burnt offerings, meal offerings, and
'^r^n^ ]niK-)-'n nn^ -i\^k Dnn"in
sacrifices other than the altar of the Lord our -iTpK^v" :Dn-'ry3 ny"! nvj:-n -"jni
God which stands before His Tabernacle." ]niK-i-'n-'7K ]7i-3r\ -iTv'7K-]n DFirs
-^f'When the priest Phinehasand the chieftains
of the community — the heads of the contin-
gents of Israel — who were with him heard the
explanation given by the Reubenites, the Gad-

ites, and the Manassites, they approved. "The
priest I^hinehas son of HIea/ar said to the
c I.e.. HI Shiloh.
506
NEvi'iM JOSHUA 23.7
J3 yu/in^ Q^K^nj
Reubenites, the Gadites, and the Manassites,

"Now we know that the Lord is in our midst,
since you have not committed such treachery
against the Lord. You have indeed saved the
Is-
raehtes from punishment by the Lord." :rirn'> im "^Knu/^
32Then the priest Phinehas son of Eleazar and

the chieftains returned from the Reubenites and
the Gadites in the land of Gilead to the \n-bK ]VJ3 n^-'^K lyÂH y-iKQ li
Israehtes
in the land of Canaan, and gave them their re- wrr nu"i 33 ; -in^ nniK ^:[p^^ bi^']p^
port. 33The Israelites were pleased, and the Is- '>n n-'rt^K iînî bi<,'ip-^ ^n ^""jii/B
raelites praised God; and they spoke no more
of going to war against them, to ravage the land
in which the Reubenites and Gadites dwelt.
34The Reubenites and the Gadites named the
altar ["Witness"], '3 n3r?3> "rr^jni
meaning, "It is a witness be- jnm-i-'j-i iK-!p='T34
tween us and them that the Lord is [our] God." Q : D''rT'7Kn mn^ --a ijinj-is Kin iv
23 Much later, after the Lord had given Is- "~iu;k nriK aî-i u^p'i'n ''>r\'>] a:d
rael rest from all the enemies around them, and
when Joshua was old and well advanced in years,
nn^3;'K-'73?p "^K-jtf/i^ mn^ n-'iri
2Joshua summoned
K-ii?''12 ta-inîi K3 jpT vmn^) n-'3D?p
all Israel, their elders and
commanders, their magistrates
v^K^y^ v^p]b bk-ip^-b^b Vu/in^
and officials,
and said to them: "I have grown old and am ad-
vanced in years. 3You have seen all that the Lord "riK nrriKl QJ31K1 3 ni)p;'3 'nKs
;
^ni^î
your God has done to all those nations on your 'b2^ u;i^Tibi<. nirr^ nuri; "^^k-"?;)
account, for it was the Lord your God who U2->ribK nin^ ^3 Dp^jan h^kh n-'Urr
fought for you. 4See, have allotted to you, by
I
D3^ iji'p3n'iK^4 ;U2b nb'^n K^n
your tribes, [the territory of] these nations that
n'^m:^ nb^n anKu/îrT n"'i:irT-nK
still remain, and that of all the nations that I
"IU7K bî:in-'73i ni:'n-]?p npûnt^^
have destroyed, from the Jordan to the Medi-
terranean Sea in the west. 5The Lord your God :\u)2pn KiiTp b'lim D^m •'nnpn
Himself will thrust them out on your account D3^j$?3 D3"7nT K^n D3''rf'7K mn-'is
and drive them out to make way for you, and riK bnif/n-'T n3ijQ^)p nn'K u/nim
you shall possess their land as the Lord your : D3^ ni3"'rf '7K npT -|3T 1\i^K3 DynK
God promised you. riK niti7i7>i -imb Tkjp 0^^1016
6"But be most resolute to observe faithfully
^ri^3^ nu;b nnin -laon mri3rT-'73
all that is written in the Book of the Teaching
*kl3-'n^3^ 7 ; *îK)ptf;i ]m-> iii)3?p-nD
of Moses, without ever deviating from it to the
right or to the
D3riK n^KH DnK\p-in nbkn nm:^.
left, 7and without intermingling
'^ k'7?3 k 6.
'^ K^H V. 7.
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 23.7 J3 U\U^^'' n''K->n3
with these nations that are left among you. Do

not utter the names of their gods or swear by >î^ -.unb ^^r\^[\Ijn i<b^ annyn i<b^
them; do not serve them or bow down to them.
i^But hold fast to the Lord your God as you have
:n;Tn nvn iv nrr-u/y
done to this day.
'^"The Lord has driven out great, powerful

nations on your account, and not a man has
withstood you to this day. '"A single man of you -rj-i-)-' n3)p inK-U7"'K 1" :n;Tn dph iy
would put a thousand to flight, for the Lord Dn'7:)rT kmi n2''TibK mn-" i
>3 q'?K
your God Himself has been fighting for you, as
He promised you. "For your own sakes, there- : DDTl'7K nin^riK nnrrK'? D3''n\^Dj'7
fore, be most mindful to love the Lord your
nnjn bnpnm ^2Wn niu;-nK i
•3 12
God. '-For should you turn away and attach

D3riK nb^ri nnKU/an nbkri umri
yourselves to the remnant of those nations — to
nni nnn nnNni nns anjnnnrn
those that are left among you —and intermarry
with them, you joining them and they joining mn"" tq-'pi"' k'7°"'3 win ViTi^ :D33
you, '-^know for certain that the Lord your God
will not continue to drive these nations out be- \up^'l2b^ npb D3^ v^[^ np^^Q^n
fore you; they shall become a snare and a trap -IV 3"'PV? D"'JJV'7") D^-'iy^ \:vvjb^
for you, a scourge to your sides and thorns in
riKTrr hniun n^pixn bvri niJinK
your eyes, until you perish from this good land
: D3"'rl'7K ninT 03^7 ]n3 iu;k
that the Lord your God has given you.
-73 •q"i,i3 Di^n •q'^ln 'pJK mni n
'•i"I am now going the way of all the earth.
-7331 D333b'-'733 DriVT") V"!i<n
Acknowledge with all your heart and soul that
h'^-D ifiN -i3T ""ârK"? '3 D3u;dj
not one of the good things that the Lord your I
God promised you has failed to happen; they mn"" "131 "1U7K D'lfiiuri Dn3in
have all come true for you, not a single one has '7QrK'p 133^ m3^'7"3rT n3"''7i7 b3"'n'7K
failed. '5But just as every good thing that the K3—iu;k3 n^mi? :inK -|3"T IJlT^n
Lord your God promised you has been fulfilled
mn^ -131 lU/K 3iun i3irT-'73 3'''7y
for you, so the Lord can bring upon you every
evil thing until He has wiped you off this good
n3'''7i; r[]rT> a-'ii p np^'^K D3-'rT'7K
n3nlK lT')3\:;n-iv vin -i3"in-'73 riK
land that the Lord your God has given you. 'Îf
you break the covenant that the Lord your God inj nipK nkTrr n3lun nîNn b^n
enjoined upon you, and go and serve other gods -riK D3-I3y3i'' :D3T1'7K ^^p^ U2b
and bow down to them, then the Lord's anger b3nK my iwk D3Tf'7N mn*" n"'"i3
will burn against you, and you shall quickly per- nriK DTl'7K Drn3yT Dn3^ni
ish from the good land that He has given you."
D33 nin^-qK nnrn unb DiT'innu/m
niiun ynKH bvn ninn Drn3K"i
508
—
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 24.11 12 v\LJ^n^> n^xuj
24 Joshua assembled all the tribes of Israel
at Schechem. He summoned Israel's elders and bkip^, ^jpi"? Kip"! nnpu/ bK'îu^
commanders, magistrates and officers; and they iny:'n;'"! v^\;i\ub^ vv^\L)h^ v]i;K'ib^
presented themselves before God. 2Then Joshua
-'73-^x vii^ln^ ^'?K''i - : wribi^Ti ^js'p
said to all the people, "Thus said the Lord,
nnj;3"''7K-itz;:' iri'7K"ninT nnx-ns uvri
the God of Israel: In olden times, your fore-
fathers —Terah, father of Abraham and father
of Nahor — lived beyond the Euphrates and

worshiped other gods. -''But I took your father
Abraham from beyond the Euphrates and led -'^Ds iniK '^bî<) imn nnyn bnnnK
him through the whole land of Canaan and -]nKi ly-iriiK nn~iKT nixi ]y;3 y"|K
multiplied his offspring. I gave him Isaac, -ând
to Isaac I gave Jacob and Esau. I gave Esau the

hill countrv' of Seir as his possession, while Jacob
: Dny?p M-]i pjni npy?! iniK nu/i^
and his children went down to Eg)^t.
5"Then I sent Moses and Aaron, and I plagued rjAKT prtK-nKi nu;b-nx nû/Kp
Egypt with [the wonders] that I wrought in their nriKi lii"!p3 '>nwy nu/K? anyn-nK
midst, after which I freed you H freed your bD^nlnKTiK K''yiKT6 :n3riK 'nKYln
fathers — from Eg^'pt, and you came to the Sea. n.yn iSTi^'i nâ^n iK'nrii Dnyj3J3
But the Egyptians pursued your fathers to the
Sea of Reeds with chariots and horsemen. '^They
cried out to the Lord, and He put darkness be-
-riK vb:j Kiî nnyân ]^nT 1 D3^rn
tween you and the Eg\^tians; then He brought
the Sea upon them, and it covered them. Your
own eyes saw what I did to the Egx'ptians.
"After you had lived a long time in the wil-
derness, H brought you to the land of the bu/l^n '~!'?3Kn ynK-'^K niinx KînKT
Amorites who lived beyond the Jordan. They nix ]nKT n^rix mnb''^ ]iy.T] nny:?
gave battle to you, but I delivered them into your
T72U/K1 nyiK-riK wyn^ o^Tn
hands; I annihilated them for you, and you took
possession of their land. ^Thereupon Balak son
of Zippor, the king of Moab, made ready to
attack Israel. He sent for Balaam son of Beor

to curse you, 'Obut I refused to listen to Ba- "qinn "q-in^T ^^b:ib vpûb Ti^nK
laam; he had to bless you, and thus I saved you rin^Tp Q^riK n^nx
bî<.)
from him. "lnn^-'7K wnrn/jîi'rT-nK myrn. n

1
1 "Then you crossed the Jordan and you came
to Jericho. The citizens of Jericho and the
'pin^ni "'inn ^li/nAm "•nnni "JyjBni
Amorites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hittites,
bDâo^ nb'u/KTi^ :nDTn nnlK ]riKi
Girgashites, Hivites, and Jebusites fought you.
509
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 24.12 -13 v\l;^n^' D-iK-inj
but I delivered them into your hands. 'Î sent
a plague" ahead of you, and it drove them :"^riu;i7n k^t "^B-inn lib "'i>3Kn •p^n
out before you — [just like] the two Amorite
r\% nvv-iib iu;k i y-iK 3'p \r\K\ 13
kings —not by your sword or by your bow. '-M
have given you a land for which you did not la-
bor and towns which you did not build, and you
have settled in them; you are enjoying vineyards
and olive groves which you did not plant.
'^"Now, therefore, revere the Lord and serve ni^K n"'n'7K-nK n-iprn npKni n-'Dnn
Him with undivided loyalty; put away the gods
that your forefathers served beyond the Eu-
phrates and in Egypt, and serve the Lord. '?Or,
-riK Di^n w^b nn^ nin^-riK iny^
if you are loath to serve the Lord, choose this
nny—iu;k n^n'7K-nK dk 'innyn ^p
day which ones you are going to serve — the gods
that your forefathers served beyond the Eu-
nmn nnvn -invn nu;K DD^nnK
phrates, or those of the Amorites in whose land
you are settled; but I and my household will -riK T'nyj •'n-'nT ^3'jkt DYiKn d"'3u;"'
serve the Lord."
'*În reply, the people declared, "Far be it from

us to forsake the Lord and serve other gods! 1317 innriK D"'rt'7K iny"? mn^-nK
'"For it was the Lord our God who brought us
-riKT iJJiK n'py)3n Kin irn'7K mn""
and our fathers up from the land of Egypt, the
anny rf^JD anyn yiKp irninK
house of bondage, and who wrought those
wondrous signs before our very eyes, and

hiVTAn nln'Kn-nK irry'? nu/y -iu;ki
guarded us all along the way that we traveled M'^br} ~iU7K '^"i^n-'733 uinu^"} r^b^T}
and among all the peoples through whose midst

we passed. 'Ând then the Lord drove out be- -riKT D^?3yn-'73-ni< riyn'^, w-ipt is
fore us all the peoples — the Amorites — that in-
habited the country. We too will serve the Lord, D iirn'^K Kin-'3 mn^-HK inyj
for He is our God."
\b'y\r[ iib nvri'bi^. yu/ln-" nnk"") i**
I'^Joshua, however, said to the people, "You

He
Kin D-'iz/ip D"'rl'7K"'3 mn^riK iny^
will not be able to serve the Lord, for is a
holy God. He is a jealous God; He will not for- DDyU/Q':' Kti;"'-K'7 Kin K13i7-'7K
give your transgressions and your sins. -"If you mn-i-nK iniyn ""a^t' :*D3''rnKun'7i
forsake the Lord and serve alien gods. He will b?^ ynm n\i;i "i3j TlbK Dmayi
turn and deal harshly with you and make an end .u:h n-'UTT-IU7K nriK ddhk n'pDT
of you, after having been gracious to you." - But
'
-nK -"s nyn *-inK''''i-î

k"? yiyin-'-'^K
the people replied to Joshua, "No, we will serve
Dyn-'^K yu/ln"" ink''"!-: :iayj mn^
the Lord!" ^-Thereupon Joshua said to the peo-
D3^ nninn nriK-'D d33 dhk u^^v
ple, "You are witnesses against yourselves that
a m; n.,1,- .<( lixod. 2i.2».
510
NEVi'iM JOSHUA 24.33 13 yu/in"" n^K^nj
you have by your own act chosen to serve the

Lord." "Yes, we are!" they responded. 23"Then
put away the alien gods that you have among
you and direct your hearts to the Lord, the God
-bi<. uvri n)3K'''T24 :bi<~]\u'> ''TibK
of Israel." 24And the people declared to Joshua,
"We will serve none but the Lord our God, and
we will obey none but Him."
250n that day at Shechem, Joshua made a cov- Kinn nv:i ny^ nnn vu/ln^ nnD"! 25
enant for the people and he made a fixed rule nnp^p^ :U2\u:i vBpm pn i^ u\ui)
for them. -^Joshua recorded all this in a book nnin -ispn h^kh nnn^n-riK Vu/in"'
of divine instruction. He took a great stone and
set it up at the foot of the oak in the sacred pre-
cinct of the Lord; -ând Joshua said to all the
]:ii<r[ nin Dyn-'73-'7K vvj^n^ "ij?k='1 27
people, "See, this very stone shall be a witness
nypu; K^n-'a rîvb i^n-n^nn nKTn
against us, for it heard all the words that the
Lord spoke to us; it shall be a witness against nnT -iu;k nin^ npK-'^s riK
you, lest you break faith with your God."

28Joshua then dismissed the people to their al- Dyn-riK v^p^T\'> nb]u^)28 :D3"'ri'7K5
lotted portions.
29After these events, Joshua son of Nun, the n^xn nnn^ri nriK "'n:'i29
n)2i]
servant of the Lord, died at the age of one hun-
dred and ten years. 30They buried him on his

own property, at Timnath-serah in the hill
country of Ephraim, north of Mount Gaash.

3 'Israel served the Lord during the lifetime of n'in:'-nK ^bK-yp-; nny^pi .v;v^'^rlh
Joshua and the lifetime of the elders who lived
on after Joshua, and who had experienced all
the deeds that the Lord had wrought for Israel.

niuv "lU/K nin^ nt^v'?"'^? riK
32The bones of Joseph, which the Israelites
had brought up from Egypt, were buried at She-

chem, in the piece of ground which Jacob had
ni7'7n5 bDU/n nni^^Dny?2?p 1 '7K-it^^
bought for a hundred kesitahs^' from the chil-
dren of Hamor, Shechem's father, and which

had become a heritage of the Josephites. ->nb T-rr^'i nvu^p nxnî DD\:7-^nK
33Eleazar son of Aaron also died, and they .Tjbn^b ^vv

buried him on the hill of his son Phinehas, inK ninp^'T np nrrK-jn -1)^^x133
which had been assigned to him in the hill coun-
try of Ephraim.
0^71^ Kmn '7K^ n^''nn ub\u2^ nn

511 /) Sa note at Gen. 33.19. ).26 vym ii5h laon 'û; D^piDan niDD i'. J3.
"
tt^ttbit
JUDGES
1 After the death of Joshua, the Israehtes in-
quired of the Lord, "Which of us shall be the î^-nbv;] '>p 'iT2i<'b mn-'ia '^k-ju/t ijn
first to go up against the Canaanites and attack
them?" 2The Lord replied, "Let [the tribe of]
Judah go up. I now deliver the land into their

ynKPT-nx ^nn: mn nb-i/T r]!"]?^^ mn^
hands." ^Judah then said to their brother-tribe
Simeon, "Come up with us to our allotted ter- ^nD^ni ^^V,^^^ ^Ô^P"! ""^T^? ""^^
ritory and let us attack the Canaanites, and then : ]'\v)2\u iriK q'pj'i "^^^nnn ^nx ^jk-da
we will go with you to your allotted territory."
So Simeon joined them.
n-'S^K nntî; pnn ma^'i dtî '•nsm
4When Judah advanced, the Lord delivered
the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their
pnn pn iJiK-nK my^p")? :Wk
hands, and they defeated ten thousand of them : 'nQn-riKi 'jyjsn-nK ^^'^^ in ijpnî'T
at Bezek. 5At Bezek, they encountered Adoni- ITHK^'l innx 1311^1 p}2 ^J'"FK bjî6
bezek, engaged him in battle, and defeated the ivbrr] vv nllnn-riK ^^^\?^>^ in'K
Canaanites and the Perizzites. fÂdoni-bezek n''5^p I 'vnu; P^n-^™ iTpK^^v
fled, but they pursued him and captured him;
vri n^'^Ypn n"''?ni an^T nu'nn
and they cut off his thumbs and his big toes.
TAnd Adoni-bezek said, "Seventy kings, with

j3 'rr'U/y "^^^ks ^^nbp nnn b^pi?'?)^
thumbs and big toes cut off, used to pick up nnj'^T Dû/n^ inK^nî n^ribi<. -^b-nbp
scraps under my table; as I have done, so God Q :UUJ
has requited me." They brought him to Jeru- mb'>^ nû/n'-n niinT^^n iJ3n^î8
salem and he died there.
^nb\u T'^n-riK") nnn-'Q'p ms"! nniK
8The Judites attacked Jerusalem and captured
it; they put it to the sword and set the city on
nn^n^ riTiri^ ^n ht nriKT ^ : u/Kn
fire. 9After that the Judites went down to attack

:n'75\i7m nmi "inn :ipv "'JVJs;?
the Canaanites who inhabited the hill country,

the Negeb, and the Shephelah. yii"!K nnp d^jd'? p-inn-niyi jinnnn
•oThe Judites marched against the Canaanites :"'?p^rTnK') JpTlXTlKl ""I^t^TlK ISI'I
who dwelt in Hebron, and they defeated 1]^='', 11
T'n'l-DU/l "T-nT 'nU7l''-'7K D\i7)p
Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. (The name of
Hebron was formerly Kiriath-arba.) uprom
there they marched against the inhabitants of
Debir (the name of Debir was formerly Kiriath-
This is the traditional rendering o/shophetim, which, however,

in the text is rendered "chieftains." The corresponding verb
shaphat usually translated not "judged" but "ruled" or "led.
513 is
NEvi'iM JUDGES 1.11 K DÛDiu; D-'K-'aj
sepher). '2And Caleb announced, "I will give
my daughter Achsah in marriage to the man ']b ^nnji np'71 "iQp-nnp-nK hd;"
who attacks and captures Kiriath-sepher." 'His '
younger kinsman, Othniel the Kenizzite," cap-

i3)3n ]"ui?n :ib2 •'riK np-jn "^K^jny
tured it; and Caleb gave him his daughter Ach-
sah in marriage. '-^''-When she came |to him], 'n;'1 11 iHii/K"? inn nppvriK i^'iri"!
she induced him to ask her father for some VT''nK-nK)3 b'\i<,\ub inn-'prr! nkmn
property. She dismounted from her donkey, n'7-n)3K;'T il)3nn bv)2 mirni niwri
and Caleb asked her, "What is the matter?" '
-''She
''b"n:ir[ l"? iTpkni'^ n'pD
:"i'p-nn
replied, "Give me a present, for you have given
me away as Negeb-land; give me springs of
iT-^V rib^ riK n'pa n^jn"! D\)p riâ
And
water." Caleb gave her Upper and Lower
Gulloth.-''
'^The descendants of the Kenite, the father- -i^yn ^bv nu/b ]nn 'Tp ^ni '^
in-law of Moses, went up with the Judites from

nniHT ninip r^jiw ""jn-riK nnnnn
the City of Palms to the wilderness of Judah; and
:Dvri-nK nu/'i ii^j'.i inv :im -iu;k
they went and settled among the people' in the
Negeb of Arad. ''"And Judah with its brother-
tribe Simeon went on and defeated the Canaan- nniK i)3nn:'i nay nu/v "JVjan-nK
ites who dwelt in Zephath. They proscribed it, n'3'7='i iH .TTn-\n TvrTnu;-nK K"ipî
and so the town was named Hormah.'^ 'Ând
Judah captured^Gaza and its territory, Ashkelon
-jiKi p-ipy-riKT n'7inA-nKT ji^pu/K
and its territory, and Ekron and its territory.
I'^The Lord was with Judah, so that they took

possession of the hill country; but they were not
able to dispossess the inhabitants of the plain, n3n-"'3 pr?vri 'nu/'-'-nK wnln'7 i<b ^3
for they had iron chariots. ^f'They gave Hebron ]l-inn-nK n'pD'? ^jnî-" -.urib '7nii
to Caleb, as Moses had promised; and he drove -HK D\i7)p vj'ljV^ nwn n3"i iwks
the three Anakites out of there. îJhe Benja-
nu;''' ipin"'n-nK'i 2' -.p^V"^ "'n r[\ijb\LJ
minites did not dispossess the Jebusite inhab-
itants of Jerusalem; so the Jebusites have dwelt
with the Benjaminites in Jerusalem to this day.
--The House of Joseph, for their part, ad-
vanced against Bethel, and the Lord was with
them. -'While the House of Joseph were scout- iTin^v'
'7K-n-'n3 qpi-'-rr'n -^^^
ing at Bethel (the name of the town was formerly
DnnWn m-i""! 2\ : '[^b d"'jq'7 -i-iyn-Dwi
I, uz), -'their patrols'sawa man leaving the town.
I hey said to him, "Just show us how to get into iJK"iri ^b nnKî I'-yrrin kyv wk
:Tpn ^)3V ^^''pv^ ^^^'V^\ ki^dtik kj
J Cf. Josh. I4.b. 14.
b-b Cf. Josh. 15. IH-19 unci notes.
c Meaning ofHeb. uncertain. Emendation yields "Amalekiles"; cf.
I Sam. 15.6.
d I.e., 'Proscribed." Cf notes at Num. 21.2-}.

e Septuagint reads "lUit hidah did not capture Gaza..." Gaza is
in the coastal plain referred to in v. 19.
f Lit. "watchmen." 514

NEVi'iM JUDGES 1.36 K DÛQIU; D''K''nj
the town, and we will treat you kindly." -SHe T'yri-nK 13""! T'vn Kinip-riK nK"!:''!25
showed them how to get into the town; they put irinQU7?p-'73-nKi uz-'khtik'! nnn-'Q^
the town to the sword, but they let the man and
jnî 'Finn ynx \LJ'>kri "n^^'.ps nnû;
all his relatives go free. 26The man went to the
Hittite country. He founded a city and named
it Luz, and that has been its name to this day.
27Manasseh did not dispossess [the inhabi- jKu;-n''5-nK nî^jp u/nln-k"?! 27
tants of] Beth-shean and its dependencies, or Vi"'nj2i-n]s;i TiJi/rrnKi n''nijn-nKi

[of] Taanach and its dependencies, or the in- -nKi n-'nUn-riKi nin "'iu;'"' nu/i-nKi
habitants of Dor and its dependencies, or the
'n\î"'-nK"! pT'injii-nKT uvh:!-^ ^;i.]uv
inhabitants of Ibleam and its dependencies, or
n'lpb 'jyjBn ^b^v) rT''nijn-nKi îm
the inhabitants of Megiddo and its dependen-
cies. The Canaanites persisted in dwelling in this bk^p'> pTn-''3 ^"'rT'128 :nKfri ynxn
region. 28And when Israel gained the upper kb \u''yr[) vnb 'jyjsn-nK um
hand, they subjected the Canaanites to forced -riK ii/nin kb bnQKi 29 d : itf/nin
labor; but they did not dispossess them. 29Nor 13-ipî ''jyjarT nu/^'i nns nu;i='n 'jyjsri
did Ephraim dispossess the Canaanites who in-
s : "inî
habited Gezer; so the Canaanites dwelt in their
llnup ''nu/l-'-nK 'ii/nin kb ]b^:l]io
midst at Gezer.
30Zebulun did not dispossess the inhabitants
of Kitron or the inhabitants of Nahalol; so the Wnin kb nu7K3i d :Dp^ i^n;'i
Canaanites dwelt in their midst, but they were

subjected to forced labor. -^Âsher did not dis-
-riKl nn'7n-nKi h-'T^K-nKi n'^nx
possess the inhabitants of Acco or the inhabi-
n-!.j7n nu/KH 3^7^32 :nn"!-nKi p-iGx
tants of Sidon, Ahlab, Achzib, Helbah, Aphik,
and Rehob. 32So the Asherites dwelt in the midst

D : iu;mn kb ^^ ynxn ^^\ij'^
^W^V
of the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land, -n^n 'nu7'"'-nK ii/nm-k'p ''7nQj33
for they did not dispossess them. -''^Naphtali did nnpn nu7^T njy-iT'n 'nu;'"'-nKi Wnu;
not dispossess the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh ^\:7)3U7-n^n ^;^\u''''] ynxn '>'2\ij''> "'Ji'JBrT
or the inhabitants of Beth-anath. But they set-

D -.vr^b UTjb vri njy n\ni
tled in the midst of the Canaanite inhabitants
-'3 nnnn ji-^n-riK "'^bKn lyn^î 34
of the land, and the inhabitants of Beth-
shemesh and Beth-anath had to perform forced
^nnKH bKV^ 35 : pmb nnn^ ijnj kb
labor for them.
34The Amorites pressed the Danites into the ^b^2y^ 36 : vioh vrl'>^ qov-rr'n Tn^P^T
hill country; they would not let them come y'porDo n-'in.pv r^brnp nnKn
down to the plain. 35The Amorites also persisted Q : r[bvl2^
in dwelling in Har-heres, in Aijalon, and in
Shaalbim. But the hand of the House of Joseph

bore heavily on them and they had to perform
forced labor. 36The territory of the Amorites^
extended from the Ascent of Akrabbim —from
Sela —onward.
g Some Septuagint tnss. read "Edomites."
515
NEvi'iM JUDGES 2.1 3 n"'UQ1U7 D-iKinj
Z^ An angel of the Lord came up from Gilgal
to Bochim and said, "1 brought you up from DDriK nî/K ""iipK""! Q D"'?':iin
Egypt and I took you into the land which I had
promised on oath to your fathers. And I said,
'I will never break My covenant with you. Ând

you, for your part, must make no covenant with
"k"? nnKT- :D'7ii;'7 D?nK "'nnî
the inhabitants of this land; you must tear down riK'tn V"|Kn 'nu/l'''? nnn innnn
their altars.' But you have not obeyed Me — look •''ppn Dnv?3u;-k'pi ]iy'nn n-'rilnnTn
what you have done! ^Therefore, I have resolved -k'p 'n"!)?K DJ113 :'Dn"'Wi; riK-rn^
not to drive them out before you; they shall
D-'-iy^ DD^ vrx\ ti3"'J?)p nniK u/nm
become your oppressors," and their gods shall
be a snare to you." Âs the angel of the Lord
spoke these words to all the Israelites, the people
broke into weeping. ^So they named that place iisn"! a'îp-nx nvn iku;''"! '7K-1U;-' -"jn
Bochim,'' and they offered sacrifices there to D^pn Kinn nlpnn-Du; iKip''}?
the Lord.
^When Joshua dismissed the people, the Is-
raelites went to their allotted territories and

took possession of the land. "The people served
the Lord during the lifetime of Joshua and the
Hfetime of the older people who lived on after b'')p^ ^3nKn -iu;k n-'jpTri •'p"' 1 Vdi
Joshua and who had witnessed all the marvelous
nu7i7)3-'73 riK ik"| "iu;k vi\i;'in"' nriK
deeds that the Lord had wrought for Israel.
^'Joshua son of Nun, the servant of the Lord,

died at the age of one hundred and ten years,
-lu/y") nKn-]3 mn^ nny ]ir]3 yu/in*'
"ând was buried on his own property, at
Timnath-heres' in the hill country of Ephraim, -in'7 pQy^ nnDK "inn onn-njpnn
north of Mount Gaash. '"And all that genera-
tion were likewise gathered to their fathers.
Another generation arose after them, which

lyi'j-k'? -IU7K nnnnx niiK nii bpî
had not experienced [the deliverance of] the
Lord nu/v iu;k nu/y^pn-nx bjn np-'-riK

or the deeds that He had wrought for Is-
rael. ' 'And the Israelites did what was offensive

to the Lord. They worshiped the Baalim '-and :D^'7y:3rT-nK nnv:""! mn^ ^vv^ yin
forsook the Lord, the God of their fathers, who ninK 'n'7K 1 mn^nK inTV""!'-
had brought them out of the land of Egypt.
i3'7''i bnyn yiK)3 DniK K^'yinn
They followed other gods, from among the
D^Tavn 'n'7Kn DnnK D''n'7K 1 nnK
gods of the peoples around them, and bowed
u So Turgum and other amiciil vrr.Mon.v. Affiiriifij; of Heb.

uncertain,
h I.e.. "weepers."
Some ma. read "Timnathu-rah": if /">'' -'•/. W.
51b
—
NEVi'iM JUDGES 2.23 a n"'UQiu; DiK''nj
down to them; they provoked the Lord. i^They

forsook the Lord and worshiped Baal and the nnv!"! mn:'-nK iniv'iTi^ :mn''-nK
Ashtaroth.'^ i^xhen the Lord was incensed at
Israel, and He handed them over to foes'' who

nniK iD\f7î n^pw-T^ bjnî '7Kntz;'':n
plundered them. He surrendered them to their
enemies on all sides, and they could no longer
hold their own against their enemies. ^Hn all -iu;k I "^bis 15 : nn^n^lK î^b -invb iiy
their campaigns, the hand of the Lord was
against them to their undoing, as the Lord had nn^ mn^ yû/j "^5^^?^ nin^ -i3t
nyj'.l
declared and as the Lord had sworn to them;
and they were in great distress. i^Then the Lord
raised up chieftains who delivered them from
-'7K n)i"ii7 tDn^p'u; to my-'u/i^^T
those who plundered them. i^But they did not u-^ribK nnx ijt lyibu; k^ bn^pQ'u;
""s
heed their chieftains either; they went astray af- "])p "inn no urib Tinnu/^'i nnriK
ter other gods and bowed down to them. They -niyn v'û/b? nnlnK iD'pri iu/k în^ri
were quick to turn aside from the way their fa-
npT
I a^pn-^DTis :p wv'iib nin^
thers had followed in obedience to the com-
uD'\i7rT-DV nin^ n^'ni n''pQ'u; nn^
mandments of the Lord; they did not do right,
iswhen the Lord raised up chieftains for them, v^wn ^pi ^3 Dn'';i"''K TO by-iu/ini
the Lord would be with the chieftain and would nn-'yri'? -"jQip doj^k^)? nirr^ Dnp-^3
save them from their enemies during the chief- 13U7^ v'bwri ninn i
n^rri 19 : arfpn'Ti
tain's lifetime; for the Lord would be moved 'rT'7K nriK n^'p'p nnmKp in-'nu/ni
to pity by their moanings because of those
k^ urib ninnu/nî i=>PV^ Q"'inK
who oppressed and crushed them. i9But when
the chieftain died, they would again act basely,
even more than /-the preceding generation/

°]V^ nnkî '^K-jw^n mn-' iqK-nn;'i2o
following other gods, worshiping them, and -iU7K ^'finn-riK n-tn 'l^n nny nu/K
bowing down to them; they omitted none of
their practices and stubborn ways. VJ^K VJ^ynb tqiplK Kb ^JK-Da2i
20Then the Lord became incensed against Is-
vu/in"' nTy-iWK 'lAn-jp nn-'jsp
rael, and He said, "Since that nation has trans-
'7K"it^''-nK nil niGj ivp^22 inbî
gressed the covenant that I enjoined upon their
fathers and has not obeyed Me, 211 for My part *D3 n^J^b mn^ Tin.'i.-nKbn nnp'u/n
will no longer drive out before them any of the np^2i '.iib-UK aninx njpu; "iu;k3
nations that Joshua left when he died." 22For it u;nln "'n'pn'p nbkri umri-nK ^r])n'>
was in order to test Israel by them — [to see]

Q :y\:7ln''-T'3 Djnj i<b^ nna
whether or not they would faithfully walk in the
ways of the Lord, as their fathers had done
23that the Lord had left those nations, instead
of driving them out at once, and had not de-
livered them into the hands of Joshua.
d Canaanite female deities, "nn" i^yum in^'ao v. 22.
e Lit. "plunderers."
f-f Lit. "their fathers."
517
NEVi'iM JUDGES 3.1 1 n^'USIU/ n-'K-'nj
3 "These are the nations that the Lord left so niDj"? ninT n^.3rT nwK d^hh n'pKT A
thatHe might test by them all the Israelites who
had not known any of the wars of Canaan, -so
nvT IV^?^ pi- :1V,^? rii)3n^)3-'73 riK
that succeeding generations of Israelites might
be made to experience war —but only those who
had not known the ''former wars:'' ^the five
principalities' of the Philistines and all the Ca- "inni 'J~T"'Yni 'jyj3n-'73T wnvjhri
naanites, Sidonians, and Hivites who inhabited "TV pn-|n bv:^ hnn ]']:i'2.bri in nu;-'
the hill country of the Lebanon from Mount -HK 03 niDj"? vrr*}^ :n)pn Kin"?
Baal-hermon to Lebo-hamath.'' These served
as a means of testing Israel, to learn whether they
:nu/>3-~i;'3 nnlnK-riK m.^^nu/K
would obey thecommandments which the Lord
had enjoined upon their fathers through Moses. rinn ''JVJsn nnpn mu;^ ^k-ju;-' ""jms
^The Israelites settled among the Canaanites, inp^l (<

: ""pinirn 'inni "'•nsni nbKrn
Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jeb- -riKi nw^b urtb nrfrrij^-nK
usites; ^they took their daughters to wife and nny:'i nn-'n'?
-riK ijrij Dn-'nij^
gave their own daughters to their sons, and they
-jiK '7K"iu;-'-^n w:j_'>^_ ^ q : Dn^rf'^K
worshiped their gods. ''The Israelites did what
was offensive to the Lord; they ignored the
mn^-riK insu/^) n^'n'' '^vn ynn
Lord their God and worshiped the Baalim and -riKT D'''7i;nrT-nK nnvî Dri"'r1'7K
the Asheroth. ^The Lord became incensed at '7K"-;\:7îi 'r[)r[^ n^""^n'''!« :rii-iU7Kn
Israel and surrendered them to King Cushan-
rishathaim of Aram-naharaim; and the Israel-
]u;i3-nK '7K"itz;;'-'j3 nnv"! D"'"inJ
ites were subject to Cushan-rishathaim for eight
years. '^The Israelites cried out to the Lord, and

the Lord raised a champion for the Israelites
to deliver them: Othniel the Kenizzite, a younger TJp-]3 '7K''jnv HK

""fiK ny''\:/T'i '^kiw
kinsman of Caleb. "'The spirit of the Lord de- nin^nn vbv 'nrri i" : ijina p^ri 3'73
scended upon him and he became Israel's chief-
tain. He went out to war, and the Lord delivered niK r^brz D^nvu/") ]u;i3-nK 1i^3 r['\rT'
King Cushan-rishathaim of Aram into his
upu^ni 1
1 : n^nyu;-) ]U7i3 b:; in^ Tyni
hands. He prevailed over Cushan-rishathaim,
"and the land had peace for forty years.
When Othniel the Kenizzite died, '-the Isra- n iDD"! 1- Q :np-]3 b'K^jny nn'ii
elites again did what was offensive to the Lord. pTn"'! nrn'> •'pyn yiri nw:;b '7k-iu;"'
And because they did what was offensive to the bi<.-]p-^-bv 3Kl)3-;i^p ]i'7JV-nK mn""
Lord, the Lord let King Eglon of Moab prevail
:n'\r[-> ^ry3 ynn-nK w^--'^ bv
over Israel. '^[Eglon] brought the Ammonites
pb'nv) ]^)2V ""n-nK vbK qoK"") '*
and the Amalekites together under his com-
mand, and went and defeated Israel and occu-
a The stiitence structure ofw. 1-2 is unienuin.

b-b Lit. "them formerly."
c Lit. "lords."
d See note at Num. 13.21.

518
NEVi'iM JUDGES 3.27 a D'ÛQIU; n-'Kinj
pied the City of Palms. -^The Israelites were sub-

'
ject to King Eglon of Moab for eighteen years.
isThen the Israelites cried out to the Lord,

D : m\Z7
and the Lord raised up a champion for them:
the Benjaminite Ehud son of Gera, a left-handed
man. It happened that the Israelites sent tribute
to King Eglon of Moab through him. i^So Ehud
made for himself a two-edged dagger, a gomed
in length, which he girded on his right side un- i)\u nj7i nnii "nnx i'? Vvi i^ : nKin
der his cloak. i^He presented the tribute to King
nnrip nniK "im^!) n^'M^ im nvs
Eglon of Moab. Now Eglon was a very stout
man. i^when [Ehud] had finished presenting
-riK nni7''ii7 iijipi -i^-it ^^ vto^
the tribute, he dismissed the people who had MJ^K ]^^%v^ nKin "^bp ]^b:i.vb nmnn
conveyed the tribute. i^But he himself returned
from Pesilim, near Gilgal, and said, "Your Maj- 'KU/j Dyn-riK hbvj''^_ nnjnn-riK
esty, have a secret message for you." [Eglon]
I
nu/K b'''7"'p3n-]p nu7 Kim 19 :nm?3ri
thereupon commanded, "Silence!" So all those
T]''^K ^^7 nnp-nn'i nnKî ^^^n-riK
in attendance left his presence; -Oand when
Ehud approached him, he was sitting alone in
-b:2vbvp myî on nnK'ii "^by^ri
his cool upper chamber. Ehud said, "I have a vbK Kn nnK')2o :vbv nnpVn
I
message for you from God"; whereupon he rose

from his seat. 21 Reaching with his left hand, Di?!JT "VbK ''b D''rf'7K—inT nnx nnx'''!
Ehud drew the dagger from his right side and
ii-riK hiHK nVu7î2i :KG)3ri "7:7)3
drove it into [Eglon's]'" belly, ^^xhe fat closed
'\p'n'> "qn^. "^.VP nnnn-riK n^_'>) \bi<'i2^
over the blade and the hilt went in after the
blade — he did not

for pull the dagger out of his
nnx niân-m Kn^"!22 :ijun:n OJÎ?^'''!
belly —and the came filth/ out. k^ •'3 nn^n iv:i n^nn "I'Apî nn^n
23Stepping out into the vestibule,/Ehud shut :nnu;i5n xyî uun^ nnnn ^b\Lj
the doors of the upper chamber on him and nln"?"! n'^p^T min'ipân i^hk ky:'123
locked them. 24After he left, the courtiers re-
innvT Ky^ Kini 24 : bv^) nys m^yn
turned. When they saw that the doors of the up-
per chamber were locked, they thought, "He
nl/'yj ^"bv."^ nin^T mm ik-iî ^Ki
must be relieving himself in the cool chamber." nnn^ T'^pn-riK Kin q"'p)? "^k npk'|i
25They waited a long time; and when he did not liij'iK mm \i7iii-"rv i'7^nî23 :n"!p?3n
open the doors of the chamber, they took the hriD?2n-nK inpî m'^yn nin'?^ nna
key and opened them —and there their master : np nîK bpi n-'l'iK nîni ^nnm
was lying dead on the floor! 26But Ehud had
K^n^ nnprDprirT iv vbm mnKê
made good his escape while they delayed; he had
:nnn''vti7n vb'B'^) D^^^psn-riK "iny
passed Pesilim and escaped to Seirah. 27When
he got there, he had the ram's horn sounded nnQK nnn ^pw:i vj^^ri^T ikins •'mi 27
through the hill country of Ephraim, and all the Kim "irin-]n '7K"!t:;^-'n 1)3V ni"!
Israelites descended with him from the hill nnK 1DT1 bn'7K nnk''T28 :Dn"'jQ'7
e Heb. "his."
519
NEvfiM JUDGES 3.27 J D"'UQ1U; 'K-'nj
country; and he took the lead. 28"Fo11ow me

closely," he said, "for the Lord has delivered
your enemies, the Moabites, into your hands."

They followed him down and seized the fords
of the Jordan against the Moabites; they let no

one cross. 290n that occasion they slew about
10,000 Moabites; they were all robust and brave
men, yet not one of them escaped. -ôQn that D"'Jlnu; nKn upu/ni bii.'vu^ "T". nnn
day, Moab submitted to Israel; and the land was
tranquil for eighty years.
^'After him came Shamgar J^son of Anath, .?
who slew six hundred Philistines with an ox-

goad. He too was a champion of Israel.
4 The Israelites again did what was offensive

to the Lord — Ehud now being dead. -And the
Lord surrendered them to King Jabin of Ca-
"li^n^
-"It;;") "^^jp -IU7K ]vi3"^^p Vî
naan, who reigned in Hazor. His army com-
: umr[ niyinn nu/v Kim khd^d iKny
mander was Sisera, whose base was Harosheth-
cried out to the Lord;
yu/n '3 nin"'-'7K '7K-)\^T'',jn ipy^î '
goiim. -''The Israelites for
he had nine hundred iron chariots, and he had •'jn-riK yhb KinV l"? "^nn-nDn nlKn
oppressed Israel ruthlessly for twenty years. D :mu; Dnu/y npjnn biîwi
•Deborah, vnfe of Lappidoth, was a proph- K^n niT3^ nu;K nK-'nj nti^K hninii 4
etess; she led Israel at that time, sshe used to

K-irTf? .a^'nn nv3 '7K"|t;;''-nK nuaw
sit under the Palm of Deborah, between Ramah
npin y;i nilm inn -nnn nniyv
and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim, and
the Israelites would come to her for decisions.
n\'7K ^)>:J''^ DnQK inn "^K-n-i^ ]''2^
^She summoned Barak son of Abinoam, of -.VBpl^b 'tKIU/"' ""33
Kedesh in Naphtali, and said to him, "The Lord, Dvr^K-in pin^ K"|pJ^T n'7\:7n"!6
the God of Israel, has commanded: Go, march I n\y k^n r^K "inKni ""^nsj t:^li?.w
up to Mount Tabor, and take with you ten thou-
-ins nDU/jpi Ti'7 '^K-jU/i-'nVK mn""
sand men of Naphtali and Zebulun. ''And will I
^•'k biQb'K niu/y ^ny nnp^T nnn

draw Sisera, Jabin's army commander, with his
chariots and his troops, toward you up to the

"nDU/nv :?'^?T ""jnm ''hn^: ^nn
Wadi Kishon; and I will deliver him into your "lu; K-ip''p-nK ]W''p '?nr'7K ^^'7k
hands." sfiut Barak said to her, "If you will go ijinn-nKT i33TnKT yî Kny
with me, will go; if not, will not go." ^"Very
I I
-DK pnn "rT''7K ink""! ;*
: "^ts in''nri3i
well, I will go with you," she answered. "How-
"•ny •'D'^n k'^-DKi ""nDbrn 'ny "'DVn
ever, there will be no glory for you in the course
DDK "qny -]Vk Tj'pn inkni '^
: ']bi<. kb
you are taking, for then the Lord will deliver
"•3
Sisera into the hands of a woman." So Iêborah iu;k Tii-[n-'7y "qniKDn nînn k"?
went with Barak to Kedesh. '"Barak then mus- mn^ inn^ nu;K-"i:'3 "'3 "I'în nriK
jig Or "the Btthumilhitf.' 520

"
NEvi'iM JUDGES 4.22 -[ W^V^W a^'N-'ij
tered Zebulun and Naphtali at Kedesh; ten pnin-Dv T|b'rn. nnlm ni??!! K-ip-ip-riK
thousand men marched up ''after him;'' and -nxT I'pinrnK pnn pvti'iio :nu;"ip
Deborah also went up with him.
1 iNow Heber the Kenite had separated ''-from
the other Kenites,'' descendants of Hobab,
father-in-law of Moses, and had pitched his tent ]rin nnn ^Jinn ]^p)p tiqj ^j-'pn -inrfi n
at Elon-bezaanannim, which is near Kedesh.

i-Sisera was informed that Barak son of Abi- :U7"i.p-nK ni^K ''ijyys
noam had gone up to Mount Tabor. i3So Sisera
ordered all his chariots —nine hundred iron

-'73-nK Knp"'p pvT'i"! 13 D mnnnri
chariots —and all the troops he had to move
from Harosheth-goiim to the Wadi Kishon.
i^Then Deborah said to Barak, "Up! This is the '7nr'7K D^lAn nu;hn)3 inx nu/K nyn
day on which the Lord will deliver Sisera into mp p'in-'7K nnnT nTpK'ni i^ : ]iu;ip
your hands: the Lord is marching before you." K-jp^p-riK mn;" ]nj \\uk uvn nt â
Barak charged down Mount Tabor, followed by
p~i:a i-i^T
-î^jQ^ KY^ mn;' Kbn -^Tn
the ten thousand men, iând the Lord threw
: innx t:7''K "'Q^K nnt^y'i nlnn "in)?
Sisera and all his chariots and army into a panic
i^before the onslaught of Barak.' Sisera leaped

n3'in-'73-nxi Kncp-nx nini^nn"^! 15
from his chariot and fled on foot i

âs Barak pur- pnn •'JQ^ ÎD""'^'?' mn)3ri-'73-nK'i
sued the chariots and the soldiers as far as n'l^ns DPI nn3-i?3n bvri Kno^p "tn;?i
Harosheth-goiim. All of Sisera's soldiers fell by njn?3n nnxi 33-in nnx t^nn pnn^ le
the sword; not a man was left.

K"ip"'p njnn-'73 Vq^t uûti nu/hn ny
i^Sisera, meanwhile, had fled on foot to the
KnpipT 17 innxny iku;j k^ =i"!.n""'Q^
tent of Jael, wife of Heber the Kenite; for there
"'j"'prT -inn n\uK bvi brii^-bK Ti^nn pj
was friendship between King Jabin of Hazor and
the family of Heber the Kenite. isjael came out n'ln pnT niyn-ri^n pn^ pn l'7U7 ""a
to greet Sisera and said to him, "Come in, my 'k-ip''P nx-ipy^'v^ Kyni is :
njipn -inn
lord, come in here, do not be afraid." So he en- •'^K nn^D 'j'-iK nn^D vbK -i)pxnT
tered her tent, and she covered him with a blan-
inp3ni n^nKPT h-^bK -ip^î Kn''n-'7K
ket. I'^He said to her, "Please let me have some
xr"'j"'pu;n n-'^K "i)pKîi9 :n3^nw3
water; I am thirsty." She opened a skin of milk
and gave him some to drink; and she covered nK'rnK nnani "riKpy '3 D'lp-uv'P
him again. 20He said to her, "Stand at the en- ri^bK n73Kî 20 : ^np3m. inpu;ni :^br['n
trance of the tent. If anybody comes and asks Kin^ uz-'K-DK 'r^1'r[^ "^nKri nnQ im
you if there is anybody here, say 'No.'" 21 Then : ]">]< n-i^Ki \ij'>i<. n3-u;:'n -ipKi "^b^pi
Jael wife of Heber took a tent pin and grasped
brikri -in''"nK -inn-nu/x bvi npnvi
the mallet. When he was fast asleep from ex-
vbK Kinni nT3 n3p?3n-nK nt^ni
haustion, she approached him stealthily and
drove the pin through his temple till it went myjî. inpinhn^n-nx vpnm. *uk^3
down to the ground. Thus he died.
22N0W Barak appeared in pursuit of Sisera. ^^7:;^ KYni "K-ip^p-nK cîi p-jn njini ::
a-a Lit. "at his feet.

b-b Lit. "from Cain"; cf. L16.
521 c-c Lit. "at the edge of the sword before Barak."
NEVi'iM JUDGES 4.22 -[ aÛDlU; n-'K-'nj
Jael went out to greet him and said, "Come, I TIK ^K"1KT "^b i"? "lJ3KnT InK^p"?
will show you the man you are looking for." He rT''7K K'n^'T U7pnn nnK"~lU7K U/ikPI
went inside with her, and there Sisera was lying
:irii7"i:a "tri^rn nn bpi K"ip"'p mm
dead, with the pin in his temple.
-Ôn that day God subdued King Jabin of Ca-
naan before the Israelites. -'*The hand of the Is-
raelites bore harder and harder on King Jabin

of Canaan, until they destroyed King Jabin of
Canaan. D : ]VJ3
n
IJ-iTKH n"'D'7n iynu7 3 : np;' 1313 Dy
T]nKy2i mm 4
DliK niti/n 'îv^? "T'Vti/n
1QUJ niipifz-Dj nu/yn
HT
:'7K-itz;"' ''rT'7K mm ^Qp ^ro

niriiK i'7-|n "^v^ ^p-in hjv
7 :
rii'pi7'7i7i7 ninnK ^^2^'<, ninTij
b'Knt:;"'^ dk 'nnpu; n-iini ""nnp^z; ly I'în
HD'^na Kim .rfpi'^na rrcun
522
— —
NEVl'lM JUDGES 5.8 ^ r^,„h,»„
w' On that day Deborah and Barak son of Abinoam sang:
2«When fc-locks go untrimmed-^ in Israel,

When people dedicate themselves
Bless the Lord!
3Hear, O kings! Give ear, O potentates!

I will sing, will sing to the Lord,
Will hymn the Lord, the God of Israel.
40 Lord, when You came forth from Seir,

Advanced from the country of Edom,
The earth trembled;
The heavens dripped,
Yea, the clouds dripped water,
5The mountains quaked^
Before the Lord, Him of Sinai,
Before the Lord, God of Israel.
6In the days of Shamgar '^-son of Anath,-^

In the days of Jael, caravans^ ceased,
And wayfarers went
By roundabout paths.
^Deliverance ceased.
Ceased in Israel,
Till you/ arose, O Deborah,

Arose, O mother, in Israel!
sWhen they chose new gods,

^-Was there a fighter then in the gates?-.?
No shield or spear was seen
Among forty thousand in Israel!
a Inmany parts of this poem the meaning is uncertain. e Or "

"roads
b-b Apparently an expression of dedication; cf. Num. 6.5.
f Heb. qamti, archa.c second-person smûlar fennmne
" "f^ôWu; Targum. Meamng
^ ,
d-d n"^ Tf'r
Or the ^J°"''
Beth-anathite.
cf. g-g of Heb. uncertam; others "then was war in the gates.
*
^
523
n D"'U31U; Q-'K-'nj
1313 nv3 a-'niJriKiri %')P'' ""ppin^
•^2\ij''' nn'ny niiriK """npi i" : nin""
-]3 ji^ni^ nn\^T pnn mp Tiw-n^T niv
mrr^ *dv n^TK'? inw -ri-' tk 13 tDVP^K
unu/n D-iDU/b ]'7in-T?3T Q"'pp'na m^ n-'pn
Sdtoî nnnTDV '^3\:;t£7"'n ntf;"! 15 :^QD
"•ppn n^'7-rA ]imi nlA'pan ilVÎ^ "^.^^ P'?^^ Pl^ 1?
-npn D-'^'iiA ]nw-) mA'ps'? °"'"]li^ Jîpl^
11") p^ n."!!in "I^V3 "ly'pA 17 :n^
I^'^nns :]13U7'' vy-isn '7V1 'jij^
TK ^^^n"?: b-'p^n ik3 19 : nit^
nyion nj«; nmVa -nv irk nvm > ;.<
524
— —
NEvi'iM JUDGES 5.19
9My heart is with Israel's leaders,
With the dedicated of the people

Bless the Lord!
lOYou riders on tawny she-asses,
You who sit on saddle rugs,
And you wa)dârers, declare it!
1' Louder than the ''-sound of archers,''
There among the watering places
Let them chant the gracious acts of the Lord,
His gracious deliverance of Israel.
Then did the people of the Lord
March down to the gates!
i2Awake, awake, O Deborah!
Awake, awake, strike up the chant!
Arise, O Barak;
Take your captives, O son of Abinoam!
i^Then was the remnant made victor

over the mighty.
The Lord's people' won my victory over the
warriors.
i-tprom Ephraim came they whose roots are in Amalek;

After you, your kin Benjamin;
From Machir came down leaders.
From Zebulun such as hold the marshal's staff.
'SAnd Issachar's chiefs were with
Deborah;
As Barak, so was Issachar
Rushing after him into the valley.
Among the clans of Reuben

Were great decisions of heart.
'6Why then did you stay among the sheepfolds
And listen as they pipe for the flocks?
Among the clans of Reuben
Were great searchings of heart!
i^Gilead tarried beyond the Jordan;
And Dan—why did he linger /-by the ships?-;
Asher remained at the seacoast
And tarried at his landings.
isZebulun is a people Hhat mocked at death, --^

Naphtali —on the open heights.
i9Then the kings came, they fought:

The kings of Canaan fought
At Taanach, by Megiddo's waters
/1-/1 Or "thunder peiili"; meaning of Heb. uncertain ii n. "„, r^ .1. » , ,
region.
n DÛDIU; 'K-'DJ
puz-'p '7m D^mip
nnn"i)3 oio-'npy ^r}b'^l tk 22 :T'y
"1I-1K n'K mn"' i^K^p hnx nnn niK 23 :T'"i-'nK mini
-i:nn nu/K ^î;^ a-'u/jp "înn 24
njiij :ibn bi<i\ij
rTJ"')p"'T mn'7U;n in^"? ht 26 :nK73n
ni^nn K"ip"'p nTp^m
1J;!128 :^^^V^ "^3^ D^ vi3 lU^Kn ^73:
InD") u;u;3 VTijp ^.^P^\? '^y^ ÎP""? d^ î,?!'^^! nnpu/j ll'7nrT
nin3n2v ninlna-in 'py? TiriK VTin Nln^
nnn '7^^; ii7^ri'' iky??-' k"?:! 30 : r\b
b-'vnv '7'7\f7
ina urk-i"? b-'nipn-i
i^5,^ npp-) a-ii/ny '7'7u; nid''d'7
mnT •^•'3''m-'73 m^k^ ]3°m I'^îi; •'-iNiy'7 D^nDpn
a :nju; o'lyîK yiKn upwni ini3A3 wniyn nxYD T'înNi
526
NEVi'iM JUDGES 5.31
They got no spoil of silver.
20The stars fought from heaven,

From their courses they fought against Sisera.
21 The torrent Kishon swept them' away,
The raging torrent, the torrent Kishon.
March on, my soul, with courage!
22Then the horses' hoofs pounded

"i-As headlong galloped the steeds.'"
23"Curse Meroz!" said the angel of the Lord.
"Bitterly curse its inhabitants,
Because they came not to the aid of the Lord,

To the aid of the Lord among" the warriors."
24Most blessed of women be Jael,
Wife of Heber the Kenite,

Most blessed of women in tents.
25He asked for water, she offered mUk;

In a princely bowl she brought him curds.
26Her [left] hand reached for the tent pin.
Her right for the workmen's hammer.

She struck Sisera, crushed his head.
Smashed and pierced his temple.
27At her feet he sank, lay outstretched.
At her feet he sank, lay still;
Where he sank, there he lay —destroyed.

28Through the window peered Sisera's mother.
Behind the lattice she whinedr^
"Why is his chariot so long in coming?
Why so late the clatter of his wheels?"
29The wisest of her ladies give answer;
She, too, replies to herself:
3o"They must be dividing the spoil they have found:
A damsel or two for each man.
Spoil of dyed cloths for Sisera,
Spoil of embroidered cloths,
A couple of embroidered cloths

Round every neck as spoil."
3iSo may all Your enemies perish, O Lord!

But may His friends be as the sun rising in might!
And the land was tranquil forty years.
/ I.e., the kings of Canaan (v. 19). n Or "against."

m-m Lit. "From the gallopings, the gallopings of his steeds." o Or "gazed"; meaning of Heb. uncertain.
527
NEVi'iM JUDGES 6.1 1 DÛDIU; n-'N-'n:
\J Then the IsraeHtes did what was offensive mn-" '^y!! ynn '7K")tf;"'-'j:? wv;^^_ I
to the Lord, and the Lord deUvered them into

the hands of the Midianites for seven years. 'The
wv ])i72 -"jsn bKip'>-bv ]";i?3-[:'
hand of the Midianites prevailed over Israel; and
-IU7K ni-injjan-nK bkip'' ""js i dh^
because of Midian, the Israelites "provided
: niiyjanTiKi ni-iV)3rTnKi nnnn
themselves with refuges in the caves and strong-
holds of the mountains.-" -''After the Israelites
pin ^bv^ '7K-1W"' virDK n^rns
had done their sowing, Midian, Amalek, and the ijrr'Vi -.vbv ^bv^ Dip-^jm p'7ni7}
Kedemites would come up and raid them; ^they

would attack them, destroy'' the produce of the
land all the way to Gaza, and leave no means
of sustenance in Israel, not a sheep or an ox or
n3-!K-"'7.:3 iKiT iKn^ Dry'^nKi ^bv'>_
an ass. ^For they would come up with their live-
stock and their tents, swarming as thick as lo-
"jsn iKn '7K-1U;'' "71^1 <^ -.
nnnw"? yixn
custs; they and their camels were innumerable.
Thus they would invade the land and ravage it.
Îsrael was reduced to utter misery by the Mid- 7^ n"in:'-'7K ^Kiw-'-'jn ipyp"'? "''^"''!
ianites, and the Israelites cried out to the Lord. K-inj ii/^K mn*' nû/î^ :pi)p niiK
^When the Israelites cried to the Lord on ac- ipK-n3 unb ijpkî bi<,-]\u^ ^^:^'bi<
count of Midian, ^'the Lord sent a prophet to

'n-''7i;n •'5'3k bk-w'' ''Tibi'^ 1 mn""
the Israelites who said to them, "Thus said the
n^nn n^nx k-'^kt nn2f?3n b^riK
Lord, the God of Israel: I brought you up out
T^.m ny?^ iû n^riK b^K) ^ -.
"'iny
of Egypt and freed you from the house of bond-
age. 91 rescued you from the Egyptians and from
all your oppressors; I drove them out before
you, and gave you their land. "Ând I said to 'Tl'^K-nK M<>Tr\ kb D3"'n'7K mn*' """jk
you, T the Lord am your God. You must not

worship the gods of the Amorites in whose land
you dwell.' But you did not obey Me."
"An angel of the Lord came and sat under n^KH nnn nu/^'i nin-" -]Kb)2 K'nî m
the terebinth at Ophrah, which belonged to Jo-
ash the Abiezrite. His son Gideon was then beat-

"jQw V'lnb m:i b-'un unn ijn py-iji
ingout wheat inside a winepress in order to keep
it safe from the Midianites. '-The angel of the
-inK"!'' •.b'>nn il3J "^kjv nini vbi<.
Lord appeared to him and said to him, "The
TTtpb^ ij^v n-jn-' u/iT 'J'ik ""n ]nyii vbi<.
Lord is with you, valiant warrior!" 'Kndeon
said to him, "Please, my lord, if the Lord is with
us, why has all this befallen us? Where are all
fl-a Meaning of llch umertmn.

b I.e., lyy grazing iheir livestock.
528
NEVi'iM JUDGES 6.24 1 D"'U31U; D''K-'nj
His wondrous deeds about which our fathers

told us, saying, 'Truly the Lord brought us up mn;" ij\f;yj hr^v^ nin^ ^j'^vn bn.ynp
from Egypt'? Now the Lord has abandoned us
and delivered us into the hands of Midian!"
i-iThe Lord turned to him and said, "Go in this
v^x -inKî 15 :Ti-'nnû; iibri i^-ip ^212
strength of yours and deliver Israel from the
Midianites. I herewith make you My messen-
ger." i5He said to Him, "Please, my lord, how n-'n:? T'y^n 'pjî ^^^272:2. bin ^^^hK
can I deliver Israel? Why, my clan is the hum-

blest in Manasseh, and I am the youngest in my "i)3K';ti7 :inK U7^K3 i;'i?p"rix n^3m
father's household." i^Jhe Lord replied, "I will rr't^yi '?i"'J"'Vî ]n 'nxyn xrnx vbK
be with you, and you shall defeat Midian to a
man." I'And he said to Him, "If I have gained

riK ^'riKiy'rii '^•'^k "iKin-iv n-m virin
Your favor, give me a sign that it is You who
ni^K "'Djx "iDKî •^''jQ^ ^rin^m 'nnjp
are speaking to me: i^do not leave this place un-
til I come back to You and bring out my offering

and place it before You." And He answered, "I n)3i7-nQ-'Kib''-Ti7-'7A ti/yî k± pyiî 19
will stay until you return." -n-iQ5 nil/ pniprn ^705 nu; nmn ni:^)?
i^So Gideon went in and prepared a kid, and D •.\up^ n'pKn nnrT'7K vbK i<>^v)
[baked] unleavened bread from an ephah of
-piK np_ u^fibKri ']i<.b'n vbK '^^2i<^^2o
flour. He put the meat in a basket and poured
the broth into a pot, and he brought them out
to Him under the terebinth. As he presented
them, -othe angel of God said to him, "Take the
meat and the unleavened bread, put them on U7Kn bv^\^ ni-^)3ni iu;:nii y^^T itî
yonder rock, and spill out the broth." He did -riKT hu/inn-nK '7DKm. -n:^n-]p
so. 2iThe angel of the Lord held out the staff :vp:;)2 r^bri mn^ '^k'ppt nly?3n
that he carried, and touched the meat and the D xin "nyii '^Kbt2-^:2 ]lv"fA x"i='.i22
unleavened bread with its tip. A fire sprang up ]3-'7y-'3 mr['> ^pK nnx ]ii7"ia nipK'î
from the rock and consumed the meat and the
unleavened bread. And the angel of the Lord
Kn''rT'7K "^b nlû; mn"" 1^ n5pK='i33
vanished from his sight. --Then Gideon realized
that it was an angel of the Lord; and Gideon him pyiA n\u "in^v^ -.nmn i<b
said, "Alas, O Lord God! For I have seen an angel Dl^n ny u'\b\u np"' 1'7-K-ipî nSrr'b
of the Lord face to face." Q :nTyn "inK mnvin inly n^n

23But the Lord said to him, "All is well; have
no fear, you shall not die." 24So Gideon built
there an altar to the Lord and called it ''Adonai-
shalom.-^To this day it stands in Ophrah of the
Abiezrites.
c-c I.e., "The Lord, 'All-is-welL'
529
NEvi'iM JUDGES 6.25 1 D''UQ1U; n''K-'33
-"^
That night the Lord said to him: "Take the
"young bull" belonging to your father and an-
other bull seven years old; pull down the altar
bv'^ri niiTn-riK npnrn d">ju; vnu;
of Baal which belongs to your father, and cut
vbv-^vJK n-jiz/Kn-riKT "^"'iK'? -iu;k
down the sacred post which is beside it. 26Then
bv ^'h'^k nrn^b nîp niini -^ -.
n~i3n
build an altar to the Lord your God, on "-the
level ground" on top of this stronghold. Take

-riK rinj?^! n^nyia? mn Tlyjpn u/k")
the other bull and offer it as a burnt offering,
using the wood of the sacred post that you have nntz/v ]ivnA ni?'T27 :ni3n -i^;k
cut down." -''So Gideon took ten of his servants vbi<, "131 "IU7K3 u/yî T'inyn "•wjk
and did as the Lord had told him; but as he was
afraid to do it by day, on account of his father's
household and the townspeople, he did it by

-ij^nii T'vn 'WJK in-'su;""! 28 -.rib^b
night. -Êarly the next morning, the townspeo-
-iu;k nn\z;Nrii bviri n^TJp ynz n;ini
ple found that the altar of Baal had been torn
down and the sacred post beside it had been cut
n^v'n •'Jii^n -isn hkt nn-13 vb:;
down, and that the second bull had been offered -^K u/'iK npK'''T29 ;"'ij3n nnT73n-'7V
on the newly built altar. -^They said to one an-

other, "Who did this thing?" Upon inquir)' and
investigation, they were told, "Gideon son of Jo- nnin
-^K h"'vn ""U/JK nnx'î 30 : ri'tri
ash did this thing!" ôjhe townspeople said to

Joash, "Bring out your son, for he must die: he
has torn down the altar of Baal and cut down
the sacred post beside it!" -""But Joash said to
all who had risen against him, "Do you have to
contend for Baal? Do you have to vindicate him? nv n^n"' i^ nn^ -iu;n iniK ]^y\:7in
Whoever fights his battles shall be dead by ynj IS ^b nn"! nih dt1'7n-dk -li^'nn
morning! If he is a god, let him fight his own Kinn-ni''5 l^Kip""! 32 :in:3Tn-nK
battles, since it is his altar that has been torn
ynj ^s bviri 'is nn-i nnK"? b];:iy
down!" 32That day they named him'' Jerubbaal,
D :innm-nK
meaning "Let Baal contend with him, since he
tore down his altar."
-^-Âll Midian, Amalek, and the Kedemites

:'7Ki;"iT-' p)3yn ^2r\'>^ n^v?"! nn:
joined forces; they crossed over and encamped vpn""! jiyiJ-HK nuj^b nin"' nni3-«
in the Valley of Jezreel. -^'The spirit of the Lord :T'-tnK "itysK pvp) -iplwn
enveloped Gideon; he sounded the horn, and
the Abiezrites rallied behind him. '"Ând he sent "IU/K3 nb\u D"'3K'7ni Kin
T'lriK
messengers throughout Manasseh, and they too
rallied behind him. He then sent messengers
through Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali, and
they came up to meet the Manassites.'"
</ I.e., Gideon.

e Heh. "ihem." 330
"
NEVi'iM JUDGES 7.5 T a''U!D1\:7 n-'Kinj
36And Gideon said to God, "If You really in-
tend to deliver Israel through me as You have :ri"ini nu/K? '^Knw'i-nK 'i^n yû/in
said — '''here I place a fleece of wool on the
]n>5 ^Jp^rr nn-JiK A\2;7p '5aK ri^ri
3-
threshing floor. If dew falls only on the fleece

and all the ground remains dr)^ I shall know
that You wUl deliver Israel through me, as You
have said." -'Ând that is what happened. Early
the next day, he squeezed the fleece and wrung
out the dew from the fleece, a bowlful of water. "iTpK^v^g -.u^-n b^vri Kl'773 n-hrT-]p
39Then Gideon said to God, "Do not be angry lii -]^K "in;'.-'7K D"'rt'7Kn-'7K ]iyT^
with me if I speak just once more. Let me make bvQn-p-i-K| rrDJK Dvpn "^k nnîiKi
just one more test with the fleece: let the fleece
-bv^ ninb' n-nn-b'K nin xrv'' nh?
alone be dry, while there is dew all over the
ground." -lOGod did so that night: only the fleece
n^n"? hnrT-'7K nnn-^nî xinn rib-^b:^
was dr\', while there was dew all over the ground.
Q :bv wn YiKr[-b:2-b]j-]
7 Early next day, Jerubbaal — that is, Gid- byri-'7Di ]ii7iA xin b:j:iy, n?^!'! I
eon —and all the troops with him encamped nmm -iin y:j-bv ^2m inx lu/x
above En-harod,« while the camp of Midian was
n"]l)3rT nynA?3 psi^n I'^'n^n ]iir2
in the plain to the north of him, at Gibeath-
byn nn ]li7ii-'7x nin^ ^Tpx"! ^ : pjpyii
moreh.'' 2The Lord said to Gideon, "You have
-]3 ni^n inn-nx ^nnp "qnx nu/x
too many troops with you for Me to deliver
Midian into their hands; Israel might claim for

nv"'u;ln n; inx'? '7X-1W"' '>b:j nxsn^
themselves the glorv^ due to Me, thinking, 'Our 'iTQub uvri iJixn xj xnp nnyi 3 : -^b
own hand has brought us victory.' ^Therefore,

announce to the men, 'Let anybody who is timid ^bk b^Jiî D"'"!tz;v i=iyrT-]n 2^jl^
and fearful turn back, ^-as a bird flies from D :nxu/j n"'3^x n-it^yi
Mount Gilead.'"-f Thereupon, 22,000 of the
nin^
n-i uvri '"iiy ]ii7"[r'7x "i)px'''T ^
troops turned back and 10,000 remained.
nu7 ^'7 liisiYxi D^Tarr'^x bnix inin
4"There are many troops," the Lord
still too
"n^>^ ibx nu;x n^ri)
HT ^'px
Gideon. "Take them down to the water
I
'H,^!'
said to
and I will sift'^ them for you there. Anyone of HT q-'^x "ibxni^x '7bT ^nx -^b^, xin
whom I tell you, 'This one is to go with you,' "iT^'l-^ '^b'>, kb x^n '^•kv "n'?:'"x'7
that one shall go with you; and anyone of whom mn"' "inx""! d ')3rT"'7x nyriTix
I tell you, 'This one is not to go with you,' that -]n îwb:i ''pby-]\ui<. b:2 ]ivir'7x
one shall not go." 5So he took the troops down nnVinix p;^n n^sn pb) nu/x? D"')3ri
to the water. Then the Lord said to Gideon, "Set
:nlnu7'7 T'3"i:n-'7y y-i3''-nu;x '^'î
apart all those who f-lap up the water with their
a Or "the Spring ofHarod."

b Or "the Hill of Moreh.
d Lit. "smelt."
e-e Actually, using their hands as a dog uses its tongue; see v. 6.
531
NEVi'iM JUDGES 7.5 T D"'UQ1U7 D-'K-'nj
tongues like dogs'" from all those who get down

on their icnees to drink." ^Now those who iy~i3 Dvn "inV"^^"! ^''^ ^'"^'^ ^^^
"lapped" the water into their mouths by hand -i?3k''T ' V : D'ln ninu/"? Dn-'D-in-'^y
numbered three hundred; all the rest of the
\:7"'KrT nlKD Vû;3 ]ii;ir'7K nin*'
troops got down on their knees to drink. ^Then
riK ""nnji airiK y"'\:;iN U'>ppb'i2r[
the Lord said to Gideon, "I will deliver you and
I will put Midian into your hands through the
three hundred 'lappers'; let the rest of the troops
go home." ^c-So [the lappers] took the provi- nhvj bK'^p'' \uî<.-b:? riKT Dri"'ri-i3lu;
sions and horns that the other men had with u^^KH mK)3"u;''7\:;3T vbrii<.h u/^k
them, -^ and he sent the rest of the men of Israel p"'inri
back to their homes, retaining only the three
D : pDi;3 nnnip i"? n^n ]h?p mnni
hundred men.
ri)!!'' V^K npK^'T Kinn n^"''?? ^'rT"'i9
The Midianite camp was below him, in the
"DKI 10 :T]T3 VJRnJ -"s mn)33 11 mj7
plain. "^That night the Lord said to him, "Come,
attack/the camp, for I have delivered it into your
^nyj n-131 nriK in n-rn^ nnK ki;"
hands. '"And if you are afraid to attack, first go ifiKl n3T-nD nvpu/T n :njn)3n-'7K
down to the camp with your attendant Purah în Ti,='.'i mn)33 nly^ "îî njpmn
1
'and listen to what they say; after that you will -IU7K D''i?;nnri nyp'^^K inyj nns^
have the courage to attack the camp." So he went
b"ii7-'J3-'73"i p'îpvi inî'- :^.^n^?
down with his attendant Purah to the outposts
bn'''7D:i'7T 3"i^ n3-iK3 pni;3 n^bsj
of the warriors who were in the camp. i2Now
:3"i^ n^n nîu'bvvj 'rin? "i3pn px
Midian, Amalek, and all the Kedemites were
inyn'? -i3p?p u/^K-nani ]iyii K3p. 13
spread over the plain, as thick as locusts; and
their camels were coundess, as numerous as the nim •rip'pn u'\br\ mn n)pk''T Dib'n
sands on the seashore. — '^Gideon came there mnnn T|3riri)p nnVt^ Dn"? b'>b:{ b^h:i
just as one man was narrating a dream to an- Vb'i ins"! 'rnKn-ny K'nî ]îp
other. "Listen," he was saying, "I had this dream: ]i7^1 u I'^HKri b'BJT nbvDb ^n33n'i
There was a commotion' — a loaf of barley
niPTDK 'n'73 HKT ]>>< ~i)pi<'''i inyi
bread was whirling through the Midianite
b"'rT'7Kn ]n: bîp'' u/îk u/np-ib ]ii;"Ta
camp. It came to a tent and struck it, and it fell;
Q : njn)3rT-'73-nK'i ^t^tik 11^3

it turned it upside down, and the tent col-
lapsed." '-iTo this the other responded, "That
Dib'nn -i3pa-nK ili/ia y>3u;3°''ni"!i5
can only mean the sword of the Israelite Gideon njn)p-'7K 3\z;î ^nnu;""! Ti3u;-nKi
son of loash. God is delivering Midian and the

entire camp into his hands. "s
' 5When Gideon heard the dream told and in-
terpreted, he bowed low. Returning to the camp
of Israel, he shouted, "Come on! The Lord has
delivered the Midianite camp into your hands!"
/ Lif. 'descend upon"; so in w. 10 and II.
g The loaf of bread symbolizes the agricultural Israelites; the tent,

the nomadic Muiianites.
532
"
NEVi'iM JUDGES 7.25 T D''UE31U; D-'K-'nj
men into three

i^He divided the three hundred jri"! "'U^K-j nvjbp mj^ku nixn
columns and equipped every man with a ram's
horn and an empty jar, with a torch in each jar. -im-n UTj^bi^. n)3K''ii7 iD^^sri "qlnn
''"'Watch me," he said, "and do the same. When
Kn 'pJK ninT wvr\ jdi iKnn
I get to the outposts of the camp, do exactly as
I do. isWhen I and all those with me blow our

-'7:3"! '3JK -iQiu/n invpni's :iiif^yri
horns, you too, all around the camp, will blow
your horns and shout, 'For the Lord and for nriK-DA nlnQi\£75 nrivpni riK -iu;k
Gideon!'"
i^Gideon and the hundred men with him ar-
rived at the outposts of the camp, at the begin-
ning of the middle watch, just after the sentries
were posted. ''They sounded the horns and
smashed the jars that they had with them,''
20and the three columns blew their horns and
broke their jars. Holding the torches in their left ninQl\i7n n''\i^K"irT n\LJ'b\LJ wprr'po
hands and the horns for blowing in their right b^lKnuz-Tn vrrci b'''i3n n:nu;î
hands, they shouted, "A sword for the Lord

and for Gideon!" 21 They remained standing nni7,'!12i •.]'\vl}b^ ^""^ ^1D iK-if?^).
where they were, surrounding the camp; but -^73 njn)3'? n-'no vjinn u/^k
Y^^
the entire camp ran about yelling, and took to
~iyi7n''T22 :iDiJî iDTT ^v^y^ njn)3rT
flight. 22por when the three hundred horns
riK nin^ n^Jl^ "nl-iQlwri nlKn-u;*'7u;
were sounded, the Lord turned every man's
sword against his fellow, throughout the camp,
DJî njn?3n-'73ni inyns ujîi nnn
and the entire host fled as far as Beth-shittah ly nnnny nuii/n it'^-tv riin-BTi
and on to Zererah — as far as the outskirts of -.n'^v-bv n'7ln?p '7nK-nQt^

Abel-meholah near Tabbath.
23And now the men of Israel from Naphtali :]n)p nnK 1Q"1"1^T n\i7J)p-'73-]JpT
and Asher and from of Manasseh rallied for
all
DnQK -in-'733°]ii;"|Ji nb\LJ mi<bm 24
the pursuit of the Midianites. 24Gideon also sent

hrjb npî ]n)p nK-ip'7 nn nbK'7
messengers all through the hill country of
nil'nTiK") nn3 it's iv ''jiirr-riK
Ephraim with this order: '"Go down ahead of
the Midianites and seize their access to the water
-riK na^'i bnoK \uî^~b:2 pyyî
all down to Beth-barah." So

along the Jordan
all men of Ephraim rallied and seized the
the -riKT 3n>-nK jhp nti^-iju; n3^'')25
waterside down to Beth-barah by the Jordan. -nK") hniy-i^y3 3"iiy-nK î'^^^^^ ikt
25They pursued the Midianites and captured
Midian's two generals, Oreb and Zeeb. They
killed Oreb at the Rock of Oreb and they killed
Zeeb at the Winepress of Zeeb; and they brought
h-h Emendation yields "He sounded the horn and smashed the
jar that he had with him.
i Meaning of rest of verse uncertain.
533
NEVi'iM JUDGES 7.25 T "'UQli:; n^N^nj
the heads of Oreb and Zeeb from the other side "I^V^? ]iV1A"'7K IKîn HKn niVU^K'n
of the Jordan to Gideon. .
]t-)!)'7
8 And the men of Ephraim said to him, "Why

did you do that to us — not calling us when you
went to fight the Midianites?" And they rebuked
inK inn;"! jnan unbub n^bri "-a
him severely. -But he answered them, "After all,
'rr'U/v-nn Dri"''7K inK^p :ni7Tn3
what have I accomplished compared to you?
Why, Ephraim's
nnQN n'\bb)j niu Kl'i'n dd3 nriv
gleanings are better than
Abiezer's vintage! -^God has delivered the Mid-
ianite generals Oreb and Zeeb into your hands, -nni nxT-riKT niy-nx j^-iJp ntfr-nx
and what was I able to do compared to you?" Dnn nriQ-j tk 033 nwv "'n'^b;'
And when he spoke in this fashion, their anger : HTn inin i~i3n2i vbvr2
against him abated. -\L;b\v^ Kin 12V my_ri jivii knî-t
'Gideon came to the Jordan and crossed it.
The three hundred men \sith him were fam-

ished, but still in pursuit. -"^He said to the people
DPT D"'Q:'i;-'3 ''7^3 -)\Ui< Di7^ Dn'?
of Succoth, "Please give some loaves of bread
to the men who are following me, for they are
^^b'n y^jp^V"! nnr nriK ^11 "•ijKi
famished, and I am pursuing Zebah and n^T tgrf ni3p n.tf; *"inK''T & : iîn
Zaimunna, the kings of Midian." ^But the :Dn^ 'î^'^^b inrâ ^n^n nny v^jp'^yi
officials of Succoth replied, ""Are Zebah and nnrnK mn^ nnn pb ]li;nj "iiaK""! -
Zaimunna already in your hands," that we DD"iwn-nK Tiu/iT TT]3 yjn'^y-riKT

should give bread to your troops?" ^'I swear,"
'7V='.T 8 : n''3j7-i3n-nKi nni?3n "yip'riN
declared Gideon, "when the Lord delivers
^;v'>^ nxTS nn^'pK nni"'"! bk^:i^ u\^r2
Zebah and Zaimunna into my hands, I'll thresh''
your bodies upon desert thorns and briers!"
""lyJK 1JV "II^K3 '^KUD ""U/JK iniK
sprom there he went up to Penuel and made nnx'? bM2^ 'U/JK^-D^ "l)3K=|T 9 : ni3p
the same request of them; but the people of îijan-nx ynx Di'^wn -'2W2
Penuel gave him the same reply as the people
of Succoth. ^So he also threatened the people
of Penuel: "When I come back safe. Til tear
b'^-n Dnni^n b'^ t\bk -itf/y riu;nn3
down this tower!"
'"Now Zebah and Zaimunna were at Karkor

with their army of about 15,000; these were all TO P^"i^ '^V'"!
'
' : ^"|.n t^bw !:;'!< ^b^
that remained of the entire host of the

Kedemites, for the slain numbered 120,000
fighting men.' "Gideon marched up the road
of the tent dwellers, up to east of Nobah and
a-a ill. "li the palm of Zebah and Zaimunna in your hand. D'ai pw"? {'vuai i-n-iao
b I.e.. throw than naked in a bed oflhorm and trample them: but
exact meaning umertain.
"
Lit. "men who drr»- the sword. 534
NEvi'iM JUDGES 8.23 n DÛQIU; QiK-inj
Jogbehah, and routed the camp, which was off :nyn n^n mnjam nJnjan-nK '^::t
guard. i-Zebah and Zalmunna took to flight, nn.riK ^'T)") vmh:^) nm ^v^'r^ 12
with Gideon'' in pursuit. He captured Zebah

hnrriK ]h)p '>'jbi2 1 ''JWTik "la^î
and Zalmunna, the two kings of Midian, and
tinnn mn)3ri-'73'i van^y-nKi
threw the whole army into panic.
i30n his way back from the battle at the As-
cent of Heres, Gideon son of Joash i^captured
a boy from among the people of Succoth and

interrogated him. The latter drew up for him :\Lj^^ nynu/T ui^:ip n^jprriKi hl3p
a list of the officials and elders of Succoth, nnt mn "inKh niijp W2K-bK K'nî 15
seventy-seven in number, isxhen he came to
the people of Succoth and said, "Here are Zebah

and Zalmunna, about whom you mocked me,
saying, «-'Are Zebah and Zalmunna already in
vj'^ n''Ji7nnri-nK") in-inrr ""yip-nKi
your hands,-" that we should give your famished
men bread?'" iÂnd he took the elders of the
'7'i:i)p-nK'ii7 :ni3p 'u;jk nx an^
city and, [bringing] desert thorns and briers, he
punished'' the people of Succoth with them. 'ri^^K y3)p'7Y-'7KT nnT-'7K "iipk^'i is
'''As for Penuel, he tore down its tower and ^'^y2i<''^ iinnn nnnn -iu/k Dîi/jKn
killed the townspeople.
.^h-nri •'J3 -iK'n? "inK nnlnp ^1?33
i^Then he asked Zebah and Zalmunna,
^\ nin"'-'n dpi "'J2K-'J3 ""riK i)3K='t 19
"Those men you killed at Tabor, /-what were
:a3riK •'nnn i<b djiIk nn^nn
they like?"-/ "They looked just like you," they
replied, "like sons of a king." i9"They were my DniK nn u^p inlDn in'^b n?3Kh2o
brothers," he declared, "the sons of my mother.
As the Lord lives, if you had spared them, I njiK mp y|?pb?y"i nnr "i}pk^T2i nyj
would not kill you." 20And he commanded his
oldest son Jether, "Go kill them!" But the boy

did not draw his sword, for he was timid, being
still a boy. -'Then Zebah and Zalmunna said,
-hm jlvir'^K ^bK']\u^-uJî<, njpK""! 22
"Come, you slay us; for strength comes with
manhood." So Gideon went over and killed
Zebah and Zalmunna, and he took the crescents hribi^ ^7?K^'!23 :]n?p im ijnvu;ln
that were on the necks of their camels. b\ijr2'>-i<b) D3n ^""JK b'\LJr2i<,-i<b ]1i7"]j
22Then the men of Israel said to Gideon, "Rule

over us —you, your son, and your grandson as
well; for you have saved us from the Midian-

ites." 23But Gideon replied, "I will not rule over
you myself, nor shall my son rule over you; the
d Heb. "him."
e Meaning of Heb. uncertain; emendation yields "threshed"; cf.
V. 7.
f-f Others "Where are they?"
535
NEVi'iM JUDGES 8.23 n DÛQIW n-'K-'aj
Lord alone shall rule over you." 24And Gideon "iwK'v^ :n33 bwn'' mn-i Dpn ""jn
said to them, "I have a request to make of you:

Each of you give me the earring he received as
"s unb nnr "'pn-'B ^bbuj on \u^k ''7
booty." (Theys had golden earrings, for they

]nj ]inj nTpKîzs :nri n^bKvr^p->
were Ishmaelites.) 23"Certainly!" they replied.
u/^K 7M3\u ^^^'bp'>^ n^pti/riTiK iti/nD")
And they spread out a cloth, and everyone threw
onto it the earring he had received as booty.
nnrn -^pu bijppr: 'rT"'"!2f< :i'pb'\f7 nn
-^The weight of the golden earrings that he had i^b^ 271] niK)3-yn\z;T ^b^ bkxu -iu;k
requested came to 1,700 shekels of gold; this was ]Dn]<;rT •'ipT nibu^m Dîinwn-jn
in addition to the crescents and the pendants -iu;k nlpjyn-])p i2b^ ]nn ^^br^biJû
and the purple robes worn by the kings of Mid-
ian and in addition to the collars on the necks
of their camels. ^/Gideon made an ephod of
X^viyh 'rT'i Du; piiik b^-ivj^-b^
''this gold'' and set it up in his own town of
.\u\pmb ln-'n'7T
Ophrah. There all Israel went astray after it, and
^qd;- i<b^ '7k-iu;t ^22 ^z^b yii2 yjsî ^h
it became a snare to Gideon and his household.
-^Thus Midian submitted to the Israelites and D^yîK yiKH upu/rri du;k'i hku;^
did not raise its head again; and the land was
tranquil for forty years in Gideon's time.
29So Jerubbaal son of Joash retired to his own

p"i.^ 'KY"' D^n D^v^^ ^"'n ]lV"[:i^T '"
house. -"ôGideon had seventy sons of his own
"iWN im'7''Qi-î -Ab vn nlni Dû/r^s
issue, for he had many wives. -^'A son was also
born to him by his concubine in Shechem, and
he named him Abimelech. 32Gideon son of Jo-
ash died at a ripe old age, and was buried in the V2K MJKV -i3j7n nij?^"! nnlu n2'>\u2
tomb of his father Joash at Ophrah of the
Abiezrites. i}2 ^2m1^ pyiA nip ~iu;k3 ^fT>)y^

33After Gideon died, the Israelites again went
astray after the Baalim, and they adopted

'jin npT K^")34 iD'irlS'KV nnn "7^5
Baal-berith as a god. 34The Israelites gave no
'7"'y)3rT ri'irf'^K ninî-nK bk'i\u^
thought to the Lord their God, who saved them
from all the enemies around them. 35Nor did -i<b^ ^3 : n^npn nn''n''K-'73 im djiik
they show loyalty to the house of Jerubbaal- -733 ]ly~iA '7V3'T' rrin-ny npn wv
Gideon in return for all the good that he had D : '7K"iw-Dy nu/y iWK nmuH
done for Israel.
V Abimelech son of Jerubbaal went to his r[)22\U blJ2y]2 ^'7)p-'3K ^b•^^ U

mother's brothers in Shechem and spoke to -'73-'7Kl DrT''7K "I3T'T 1?3K 'inK"'7K
g I.e.. the Midiunites. The author cxplaim that the Sluliumtei wore
earnngi like the Ishmaelitei, who were heller known to his
conleniporanes.
h-h Heh. it." 536
NEVi'iM JUDGES 9.15 u D"'UQ1\:; 'K-'nj
them and to the whole clan of his mother's
family. He said, 2"Put this question to all the

citizens of Shechem: Which is better for you,
to be ruled by seventy men —by all the sons of -'3 nriiDn iriK w-jk d33 Vu/p-nx
Jerubbaal —or to be ruled by one man? And re-
l)3K"''nK nni;''] 3 :
ijk ODnt^n^ D^nyy
member, I am your own ''-flesh and blood.""
-"73 riK n3u; ^'?V3-'73 ^"-jmn v^v
3His mother's brothers said all this in his behalf
to all the citizens of Shechem, and they were won
over to Abimelech; for they thought, "He is our D^ynii/ l'7-ijn''"!4 :Kin ij^hk nnx ^s
kinsman." "iThey gave him seventy shekels from Dri3 i3U7'i nnn "7^3 ri''3)p tjp3
the temple of Baal-berith; and with this Abi- i3^''i D-'tn'ST b-'pn wpiK ']br2^'^K
melech hired some worthless and reckless fel-
nn''T nnnsy V3K-n"'3 k3^v=^ :T'"inK
lows, and they followed him. SThen he went to
-bv u/^K D^ynu; '7y3-i;'-iJ3 vrk-hk
his father's house in Ophrah and killed his broth-
ers, the sons of Jerubbaal, sevent)' men on one jbi^n î731^"l^ iÔ'^^ ^^V^- ^P^ P^
stone. Only Jotham, the youngest son of Jerub-
baal, survived, because he went into hiding.
Âll the citizens of Shechem and all Beth- -av -^fprib 'q'7}p-'3K-nK i3''^n='i ^'hb''^
miUo convened, and they proclaimed Abi- Dnl"'^ nPV :D3U73 lU/K 3Y)p ]1^K
melech king at the terebinth of the pillar^' at
Shechem. ^when Jotham was informed, he

went and stood on top of Mount Gerizim and
:D^rT'7K D3i'7K V12p^,)
called out to them in a loud voice. "Citizens of
Shechem!" he cried, "listen to me, that God may
Tj^p ri"''?i^ ri\u)2b '^yn ^3^n "ql^n s
listen to you. :'\2^b^ '^5'?^ ^^^b^ ^^\b n?pK'='1
8"Once the trees went to anoint a king over "iu/TriK ~^n'7"Tnn n^-tn urib n)3k''"!9
themselves. They said to the olive tree, 'Reign iri3'7rn dû/jki D^n'7K n33^ \3-nu7K
over us.' '^But the olive tree replied, 'Have I,
Diyyn n^DKîio -.u^-^vri-by V'\2b
through whom God and men are honored,
stopped yielding my rich oil, that should go I
-jiKi •'prup-riK '""nînri mxrin hrib
and wave above the trees?' i^So the trees said
-bv y^2b ^ri3^rn n3iun ^n3ijri
to the fig tree, 'You come and reign over us.'
iiBut the fig tree replied, 'Have I stopped yield- riK-'3^ ]^^b D-'Yvn nypk"! 12 : D-'Yvn
ing my sweetness, my delicious fruit, that I ]3in bn^ "iJpK'm. 13 :^rbv \3'7)p oi'^n
should go and wave above the trees?' i2So the n^n'7K iDat^nn û/lT'rrnK "'Pi'pinn
trees said to the vine, 'You come and reign over -.u^-^vn-bv in^b 'n3'7rn d-'U/jkt
us.' '3But the vine replied, 'Have I stopped yield- '^'7 iuKrT-'7K n^'^vri-b'2 nipK^T^
ing my new wine, which gladdens God and men,
-'7K "luxn "upK^Tis •.^2''bv-^b'n nriK
that I should go and wave above the trees?'
I'lThen all the trees said to the thornbush, 'You
come and reign over us.' i5And the thornbush
a-a Lit. "bone and flesh."
b Meaning ofHeb. uncertain.

537
NEvi'iM JUDGES 9.15 u nÛQlU/ D->K-':ij
said to the trees, 'If you are acting honorably
in anointing me king over you, come and take

sheher in my shade; but if not, may fire issue
from the thornbush and consume the cedars of
:]lJ3'7rT
Lebanon!'
DrT'tî/ b"'pnm nnK^-DK nnyi '6
'^"Now then, if you acted honorably and loy-
ally in making Abimelech king, if you have done
right by Jerubbaal and his house and have re-
quited him according to his deserts — '''con- Dfi'^r-lU/K 17 -Ab nnwv vii bm},^
sidering that my father fought for you and saved b^'ll lykn iu/DrriK '^bp'i'] U2^bv •nK
you from the Midianites at the risk of his life,
-b)j nn)pj7 nriKi '« : ]"j-r)p i^-n n^riK
iândnowyouhaveturnedonmyfather's house-
"vnu; vJ^-riK innrn. ni% ^^k n^n
hold, killed his sons, seventy men on one stone,
-riK ^3"'^nrTi nriK j^k-'^v ^'i<
and set up Abimelech, the son of his hand-
^3 Dû; ''7y3-Vv innK-]5 ^'7ninK
maid, as king over the citizens of Shechem just
because he is your kinsman — '"îf, I say, you have D^pnni n)3K3-DKTy :Kin OD'^nK
this day acted honorably and loyally toward HTn nl^n irr'^-avi '7y?"i"'"DV ri''u;i;
Jerubbaal and his house, have joy in Abimelech :DD3 Kin-Da npu/""! "q^n-iiK? innw
and may he likewise have joy in you. -"But if '^pKn'i 'q'7)3"'nKn WK K^n ]''K-aK'i 20
not, may fire issue from Abimelech and con-
Nyni K^bri rr'S-riKi n2\u ibv:rnii
sume the citizens of Shechem and Beth-millo,
'7DK'm Kl^?p mnpi h2\ij ''bv2i2 vjk
and may fire issue from the citizens of Shechem
: Ti'pjpinK-nK
and Beth-millo and consume Abimelech!"
nu/î n"iK3 ^^".i n^}21^ nnl"' dp^vi
-'With that, Jotham fled. He ran to Beer and
stayed there, because of his brother Abimelech. Q n-iriK 'n^)p"'nK ""jsn Dw
22Abimelech held sway over Israel for three : n-'ju; \ubuj bi<.'W''-bv ']bT2'>2i<.
-]pl^
22
years. 23Then God sent a spirit of discord be- Ti'7)pin><

I""?
ny-j nn h'>ribK nb\ij'>) 23
tween Abimelech and the citizens of Shechem, DDu;-''7i;nnnî ddu; -'bv:i y2^
and the citizens of Shechem broke faith with
-^n D-ivnu; unn Kln^24 :-]'7)3"'nK?
Abimelech -Ho the end that the crime com-
mitted against the seventy sons of Jerubbaal
bn-'nK Ti^)3"'nK-'7i; uwb nnii '^vnn"'
might be avenged, and their blood recoil upon
-"iu;k U2\LJ "''7i7ii ''7V") nniK nn "iu;k
their brother Abimelech, who had slain them, ^)2'>p'l^
25 : TiriN-nK nn^ "i"'l?"n>^ ^PTH
and upon the citizens of Shechem, who had Dnnn •'U/k"] bv n^'niKn ddu; ''bv'2'\b
abetted him in the slaying of his brothers. 25The q-iin Dn"''7i; ini;^-iu;K-'73 hk ^bw}
citizens of Shechem planted ambuscades D :^'7ni3K'7 IPT
against him on the hilltops; and they robbed DD\:7n nnv!"! tiiikt iny-jn bv^ Knî 2ft
whoever passed by them on the road. Word of

ni\LJr[ 1x^12' :D3u; ''7V3 in-^nun'T
this reached Abimelech.
26Then Gaal son of Ebed and his companions
came passing through Shechem, and the citi-
538
NEvfiM JUDGES 9.38 u "'UDii:; a^K''3j
zens of Shechem gave him their coniidence.
-^They went out into the fields, gathered and

trod out the \intage of their vineyards, and
made a festival. They entered the temple of their
god, and as they ate and drank they reviled
Abimelech. -^Gaal son of Ebed said, "Who is
Abimelech and who are [we] Shechemites, that

we should serve him? ^-This same son of Jer-
ubbaal and his lieutenant Zebul once ser\êd the q'7)3^n>f'7 "ink"! "I'pp^nK-nK nn^'DKi
men of Hamor, the father of Shechem;-^' so why
should we ser\'e him? -Ôh, if only this people 7^3, nm-nK T'i/rT—It; ^b2] vibm 30
were under my command, I would get rid of
Abimelech! One'" would challenge Abimelech,

'Fill up your ranks and come out here!'"
30When Zebul, the governor of the cit)', heard

ny n^m r[)22\u n^KS vr[K^ "r?y~]5
the words of Gaal son of Ebed, he was furious.

nb^b mp nnyi32 -.r^-^bv n^yn-riK
3 'He sent messages to Abimelech at Tormah''
to say, "Gaal son of Ebed and his companions D''3u;n \u)2^r[ nnr? niîn ri^nî^
have come to Shechem and they are inciting^' nym Kifrmm ^^vn-bv nuu/si
the cit)^ against you. 32Therefore, set out at night
n^K3 '\b n^\uv^ ?i"'^k D^xy''' inKnu/K
with the forces you have with you and conceal
yourself in the fields. -''-Êarly next morning, as
iDvn^K Dyn-'?^"] "n'pp-'nK Qi7;ii34
the sun rises, advance on the city. He and his
men will thereupon come out against you, and : nû/K-i nyn-ix U2\ij-bv in-)K;;T n^^J?
you will do to him whatever you find possible."

-''•i
Abimelech and all the men with him set out
at night and disposed themselves against She- byn-nK ""'7yrx-!:'i 36 : n-iK)3ri"])p
chem in four hiding places. 35\vhen Gaal son ^\^K"i)3 I'l.l"' Dy-n;in biirbi<, "upK^T
of Ebed came out and stood at the entrance to
Dnnn ^7^ riK ^731 vbi<, ink''T nnrrn
the city gate, Abimelech and the army with him
lly tqD='137 D :DÛ7JK3 TIKI HFIK
emerged from concealment. -^^Gaal saw the
army and said to Zebul, "That's an army march-
u^72 nnnv ay'mn "iTpk^'i "-i3i'7^'7ya
ing down from the hilltops!" But Zebul said to

]^bi<. 'rp;i)2 Kn inK-\:7K'-ii yiKri mny
him, "The shadows of the hills look to you like KiSK n'î^ ^731 vbK "i5?K''i 38 ; n^jjiy^
men." ^/Gaal spoke up again, "Look, an army liipyj •'3 ^'pn^nK "ip -i?3Kn iu;k ^^3
is marching down from Tabbur-erez, and an- i<>yi<>:;^ 13 nnpK)p i]uk nyn ni k^h
other column is coming from the direction D :13 Dn'^m "nnv
of Elon-meonenim." 38"Well," replied Zebul,
"where is your boast, 'Who is Abimelech that
we should serve him'? There is the army you
sneered at; now go out and fight it!"
c Septuagint reads "I."
539 d Called "Antmah" in v. 41.

NEVi'iM JUDGES 9.39 u nûmu; DiK-i^j
"'So Gaal went out at the head of the citizens an"?"! D3W ''bv'2 'JQ^ bvy, k^'V^^
of Shechem and gave battle to Abimelech. '"But DPT "n'pTp-'nK inQTT'140 :-q'7n"'3K5
he had to flee before him, and Abimelech pur-
sued him, and many fell slain, all the way to the
*n)pnKn Ti'7D''nN nu7''."]4i nvu/n
entrance of the gate. -"Then Abimelech stayed
n2wr2 T'nK-nK") '7yrnK b;i] uz-ipi
in Arumah,'' while Zebul expelled Gaal and his
companions and kept them out of Shechem.
'-The next day, when people went out into
the fields, Abimelech was informed. i^Taking

the army, he divided it into three columns and ^1^"! ^1}^^ î^^T D"'^K"i r[^fb\ijb
lay in ambush in the fields; and when he saw nri^bv nî) "i^v^'ip k:;^^ ayn mni
the people coming out of the city, he pounced
upon them and struck them down. •'^While
"•ju/T iiyn lyu; nns nipy"."! luu/s
Abimelech and the column/ that followed him
nntpn '^\|jK-b:D-bv iuu73 d^wk-ih
dashed ahead and took up a position at the en-
trance of the city gate, the other two columns
nvn b:2 n^y^ nn'?^ q'pa^nKi i^ : dib""!
rushed upon all that were in the open and struck

them down. ^"Âbimelech fought against the city
all that day. He captured the city and massacred D :nbr2
the people in it; he razed the town and sowed
it with salt.
"ia:'147 :nnii bK n-in nny-'^K
46\/Vhen all the citizens of the Tower of
-b^yt^ ''bv:^-b:2 lYnpnn '3 "q^p^nKb
Shechem^ learned of this, they went into the
tunnel'' of the temple of El-berith.' '•"When

Abimelech was informed that all the citizens of
the Tower of Shechem had gathered [there], nw riDiu; mD^T 1t3 nimnjpn
•***Abimelech and all the troops he had with him
went up on Mount Zalmon. Taking an ax' in
wv nnn Ti-'ti/ybri-'K"! nri Dbvnu/K
his hand, Abimelech lopped off a tree limb and
lifted it onto his shoulder. Then he said to the
-bv ^'^2W1^ "^'pb^nK nriK ^2b^,) riDW
troops that accompanied him, "What you saw
u/K^ nn-^n-riK nrT"''7V ^n^>^'!^ nnyn
me do — quick, do the same!" "'''So each of the
q^KD D3u;-'7îp •>\iJ2K-b3 DA inn^
troops also lopped off a bough; then they
marched behind Abimelech and laid them
against the tunnel, and set fire to the tunnel over
their heads. Thus all the people of the Tower
of Shechem also perished, about a thousand
men and women.
Cf. 'Tormah" in v. 31.

Heb. "columns."
Perhaps identical with Beth-millo of w. ft ami 20.
Cf. I Sam. 1 3.6; others "citadel."
Called "Baal-herith" in v. •/.
Heb. pluraL
540
"
NEVi'iM JUDGES 10.6 •.

Dûmu; n-'K-'^j
soAbimelech proceeded to Thebez; he en-

camped at Thebez and occupied it. siWithin the h^vCT""^'in;i n-'H Yi;-'7'iA)pi 51 tHp"?').
town was a fortified tower; and all the citizens
of the town, men and women, took refuge there.

H-b'V ^^V.i} Dî^î il^P"). "T'Vn ''hv'^
They shut themselves in, and went up on the
roof of the tower. szAbimelech pressed forward
to the tower and attacked it. He approached the
iDnti/'p b'Ânn nn3-iy mî in nn^""!
door of the tower to set it on fire. s^But a woman nDn nbB npK nx^K ':\bpn)s3 :U7Kn
dropped an upper millstone on Abimelech's
head and cracked his skull. 54He immediately vb:: KU7J I
nv3n-'7K n^'n'D Knp''i54
cried out to his attendant, his arms-bearer,
n)pK"'-i3 ""jririDpi'Tinin ^bvj\b '^'I2K'>^
"Draw your dagger and finish me off, that they
may not say of me, 'A woman killed him!'" So

his attendant stabbed him, and he died. 55When
•Ai^pT^b u/^K ^:ib''^
the men of Israel saw that Abimelech was dead,
everyone went home.
56Thus God repaid Abimelech for the evil he :vriK wy:i\iJ-nK nn"? vii<.b nu;y
had done to his father by slaying his seventy nû/n wjp 'lyjK nvi"'73 nKl57
brothers; sând God likewise repaid the men of n^^p Drf'7K K'nrn. nu/Kin n-'r1'7K
Shechem for all their wickedness. And so the
Q :'7y3"iT]3 anl"'
curse of Jotham son of Jerubbaal was fulfilled
upon them.
10 After Abimelech, Tola son of Puah son

of Dodo, a man of Issachar, arose to deliver Is- \u'>K lii^'in nKi3-]3 vb^n bk'yii;'!
rael. He lived at Shamir in the hill country of

: nnQK "inn '^^'p\u:l nu/^-Kim npu^ti^''
Ephraim. ^He led Israel for twenty-three years;
m\p \ub\Li'] Dnu/i; '^K-it^-'-nK v^\u''^ 2
then he died and was buried at Shamir.

Âfter him arose Jair the Gileadite, and he led
Israel for twenty-two years. (''He had thirty
sons, who rode on thirty burros and owned i'7-'n"'i4 :nju; u^>^\\u^ wipv bk-yiu->
thirty boroughs" in the region of Gilead; these u^yv, u'>\ubp-bv b^npn u^h wvjbvi
are called Hawoth-jair^ to this day.) SThen Jair n'ln I iKipT ufjb DH^ an^y wujbp^
died and was buried at Kamon. : iv%r[ ynK3 nu7K nfn ni'^rT iv "tik^
6The Israehtes again did what was offensive
to the Lord. They served the Baalim and the
ynn niu/y^ ^k'^p^ 'J3 1
^2p'>^6
Ashtaroth, and the gods of Aram, the gods of
Sidon, the gods of Moab, the gods of the Am-
monites, and the gods of the Philistines; they •'n'7K-nKi DHK •'ri'7K-nKi ninnu/vn
irf'7K hKl 3Ki)3 ''ri'7K I riKT ]1TY
a Imitating the pun in the Heh., which employs 'ayarim fint in
the sense of "donkeys" and then in the sense of "towns.

b I.e., "the villages of Jair"; cf. Num. 32.41.
541
NEVi'iM JUDGES 10.6 1 n"'UDiu; D^K^nj
forsook the Lord and did not serve Him. Ând

the Lord, incensed with Israel, surrendered
them to the Philistines and to the Ammonites.
f^That year they battered and shattered the
bk'^pi "'33TIK lyVI"""! ''2fV"l''}*« :J1)3y
Israelites — for' eighteen years all the Israelites
-HK nju; niu/v ni'Du; K^nri njW3
beyond the Jordan, in [what had been the land ]
of the Amorites in Gilead. '^The Ammonites also

ynxn \hy_ri nnyn nu/K ~'7k-j\:;"' ''jn-bs
crossed the Jordan to make war on Judah, Ben-

jamin, and the House of Ephraim. Israel was in l^n^jnnT n~iin''3-DJ nr\)>r\b ]iy_r\-ni<.
great distress.
JOThen the Israelites cried out to the Lord, -ibK^? nin;'-'7K hk'^\u'> in V^T").'"
"We stand guilty before You, for we have for-
inv3) irrf'7K-nK \n\v •'pi t]^ iJKun
saken our God and served the Baalim." "But
-'7K mni -iTpK^'Vi D :n^'7vnn-nK
the Lord said to the Israelites, "[I have rescued
nbKn-]pT tinYKjn t(br\ '7K-itz;-' in
you] from the Egyptians, from the Amorites,
from the Ammonites, and from the Philistines.
D-'JlTYTi^ : n"'nu;'7Q-])pT ]mv 1n^]^n^
i2The Sidonians, Amaiek, and Maon'' also op- 1% ^pv.^n^ °5n>< ^^D^ pvni pî2V}
pressed you; and when you cried out to Me, I Dnnry briK"! 13 •.wvri npnK nyû/iKi
saved you from them. '^Yet you have forsaken -kb ]2b nnriK uiribi<. nnviî ""niK
Me and have served other gods. No, I will not
ipvn ^2bi^ :D?riK yî^ln'? rj^'DiK
deliver you again. '"^Go cry to the gods you have
n)3n D|i nrnnn iu;k D-'n'7]<:n-'7K
chosen; let them deliver you in your time of dis-
npK''ii3 :nDrn.y ny:? D3^ ^vipv
tress!" '5But the Israelites implored the Lord:
"We nriK-niyy iJKun n"in"'-'7K '7Kit£;;'-'jn
stand guilty. Do to us as You see fit; only
save us this day! " ^They removed the alien gods
'
KJ ^^b1^r[ t|k "îpv^. nlun-'^Dp ^^b
from among them and served the Lord; and He n3;in 'ri'7K-nK n"'pî i*^
:n;Tn al^n
could not bear the miseries of Israel.
'"The Ammonites mustered and they en-
camped in Gilead; and the Israelites massed and

they encamped at Mizpah. '**The troops —the n)3K='"ii« :n3y)35 ijn"} bk'wi in
officers of Gilead — said to one another, "Let the
\ijikr\ ""p invn-'^K w^k ivb^ ntp Dvn
man who is the first to fight the Ammonites be
chieftain over all the inhabitants of Gilead."
\LJi<'\b r[ini ]1)3V 'nn Dn^nb- bri^ -iu;k
D :iy'7A nvj'i Vd'?
11 Jephthah the Gileadite was an able war- '7''n "T13A h^H i^^b^ri nriD"'T K^
rior, who was the son of a prostitute. Jephthah's -j^k ivb^ ibv) HJIT niyK']3 Nim
father was Gilead; 2but Gilead also had sons by ui^ll ^b ly'^lTlU/K I'^m - •
nUD"'
his wife, and when the wife's sons grew up, they
^^^,.^^ ^j^^p^ nU/KH-'n ^b^r^
MeaningofHeb. tinceruim; ptrhapt "enough for" or "cotitiniiitig
DV032 -lacn lyn
for."
"
il Scptuugint rcuili "Mitluiit.
542
NEvi'iM JUDGES 11.15
drove Jephthah out. They said to him, "You

shall have no share in our father's property, for nris"' n-inî-^ •.r[ni<. nnpK nii/K-jin
you are the son of an outsider."" ^So Jephthah
luip^j^;'! niu yiKii nu/î T'Hk 'jsn
fled from his brothers and setded in the Tob
iKV"! n"'i?"'i n"'u;jK nris;'-'?^
country. Men of low character gathered about
Jephthah and went out raiding \\dth him.
*Some time later, the Ammonites went to war
against Israel. ?And when the Ammonites at-
tacked Israel, the elders of Gilead went to bring
Jephthah back from the Tob countr)'. ^They said

to Jephthah, "Come be our chief, so that we can :j1?3y ^nn nnn^ji jiyj?^ ij^ !^0"'?-'71
fight the Ammonites." jephthah replied to the
hr\K i<br\ ii;b). ^2pib nriD^ ht^k^v
elders of Gilead, "You are the ver)' people who
•'IK n\n?3 ""Jiu/n^ni •'nix nnxju/
rejected me and drove me out of my father's
How can you come to me now when you : nnV ny iu^k? nny '^bi< nriKn yn)3i
house.
are in trouble?" ^The elders of Gilead said to nny p^ nnQT"7K lijb). ^jpr nnkîs
Jephthah, "ITonestly, we have now turned back •nn n^pn'pji ij?av nD^ni '^-'bK mu;
to you. If you come with us and fight the Am- ^2\u'^ b'b'7 WK'nb' ^:ib n^ni ]1J3V
monites, you shall be our commander over all iy^;i nna^ nnkîi^ nvb:x
"'î?T"'^>^
the inhabitants of Gilead." '^Jephthah said to the
in:i bn^n'? ^^niK nriK D"'n''\i7?p-nK
elders of Gilead, "[Ver)' well,] if you bring me
n-^nK "'pJK ""JD^ nnix nin"' jnji ]l?3i;
back to fight the Ammonites and the Lord de-
-bK ly^r-'jpT npK'i lo : ti/K'n^ d3^
livers them to me, I am to be your commander."
lOAnd the elders of Gilead answered Jephthah, K'b'-DK ij-'nlj-'n V^W r[;>,ri-', nin^ nris"'
"The Lord Himself shall be witness between us:

we will do just as you have said." yn i?3''u;î iy'7> ^jpT-ay nna^ "^b"} n
1
1 Jephthah went with the elders of Gilead, and nnQT -iniî V^py^^ \ui(ib nri^bv iniK
the people made him their commander and 3 : n3y?3ii mn^ ^2^b inn^-â-JiK
chief. And Jephthah repeated all these terms be-
fore the Lord at Mizpah.
-•'js Q-ipK"?)? nris^ r[b\u'>) 12
'n^p"'^^^
^bii riKn-p Tiî ''b-TTQ -i-D^b ]1?3V

i2Jephthah then sent messengers to the king
of the Ammonites, saying, "What have you jlKjy-^jn ':]/'n S?3k'''1 13 :"'YiKn unbrib
against me that you have come to make war on -riK bi^-ip^ np^-p nna^ pK'p)?-'?^
my country?" '^The king of the Ammonites re- "ryi jlJiKjp anYTajp inl'ryn '""y-iK
plied to Jephthah's messengers, "When Israel jnnK nnî^n nnv) 0i:'n-iyi pnurr
came from Egypt, they seized the land which iDl'pu/n
is mine, from the Arnon to the Jabbok as far
'3k'7)3 ^^b^j'>^ nriQ^ ily riolî 14
as the Jordan. Now, then, restore it peaceably."
I'ljephthah again sent messengers to the king
of the Ammonites. i^He said to him, "Thus said
a Lit. "another woman:
543
NEvi'iM JUDGES 11.15 K-' "'UQIU; D-'K-'nj
Jephtbah: Israel did not seize the land of Moab

or the land of the Ammonites. '^When they left
Eg)T3t, Israel traveled through the wilderness to

the Sea of Reeds and went on to Kadesh. ' 'Israel
-uyiv "1^1)35 bK'iii;-' q^^'i any)3)p
then sent messengers to the king of Edom, say-
ing, 'Allow us to cross your country.' But the
inx'? niiK '^^p-'^K D-'DK'pn
king of Edom would not consent. They also sent
I I
a mission to the king of Moab, and he refused.
So Israel, after staying at Kadesh, '**traveled on

through the wilderness, skirting the land of no^l ninm l"?"."!'^ :^li?? "^^Î^^""
Edom and the land of Moab. They kept to the
K'n^l nKin y-iK-riKT niiK V")K"riK
east of the land of Moab until they encamped
touz-n-imp
i^V3 jijn;:) :iKl)3 y^K"?
on the other side of the Arnon; and, since Moab
ends at the Arnon, they never entered Moabite
territory.
'•^"Then Israel sent messengers to Sihon king
of the Amorites, the king of Heshbon. Israel said \b nnK"! ]lnu;n -^b-n n>3Kn-Ti'7)p
to him, 'Allow us to cross through your countr)' :''nip)3-nv "^ynK^ >^r'^1^V^ bi<.-i\LJ'>
to our homeland.' -^But Sihon would not trust
Israel to pass through his territory. Sihon mus-

ijn"! l)3y-'73-nK pn-'o ci'dk^t 6n:i3
tered all his troops, and they encamped at Jahaz;
nin^ l^n^fî :'7K'it:7"'-Dy Dn'7''T n:^n->_:i
he engaged Israel in battle. 21 But the Lord, the
ijpv'^s'-nK"! ]irT'p-nK '7K~!t^"'"''rT'7K
God of Israel, delivered Sihon and all his troops
riK bk'^\IJ'> ^\ijy) ma;''! bi<.'i\iJ-> tis
into Israel's hands, and they defeated them; and
Israel took possession of all the land of the ^^T^L^ Yl^K^ ^^^^ î'J3Kn V1K"'73
Amorites, the inhabitants of that land. 22Thus ]mKp nuKH '^nr'â riK iu/")"';'i22
they possessed all the territory' of the Amorites :n"T'n-"TVT 131?3rT-]m pil'Tl-lV")
from the Arnon to the Jabbok and from the wil- i:;nin bk')iu-> ''Tib^ i mn*' nny")--'
derness to the Jordan.
23"Now, then, the Lord, the God of Israel,
w^ri^ "^wni"" "ij^K riK iibri 24 : ijiu/n-'ri
dispossessed the Amorites before His people Is-
u/nin -iu;K-'73°nKi U7"]"'ri iniK "^""Tibii
rael; and should you possess their land? 24Do
you not hold what Chemosh your god gives you
to possess? So we will hold on to everything that nlQY-]3 pb:î2 nriK mu niun nnyi:-^
the Lord our God has given us to possess. -UK bK'^\^•'-nv nn mnn 3Nin Tj'^n
25"Besides, are you any better than Balak son
of Zippor, king of Moab? Did he start a quarrel

n^nunm p3u;n3 '7K"jt^"'° n3u;3 2o
with Israel or go to war with them?

2^"While Israel has been inhabiting Heshbon
and its dependencies, and Aroer and its depen-
yiini nj\f7 mKn u;'Vw ]inK n^-'^v
dencies, and all the towns along the Arnon for cat yivb ]'vum ]'n->3c > ;
!
544
"
NEvi'iM JUDGES 11.37 Ki D''U31U7 D^K-^nj
three hundred years, why have you not tried to -Kb ''DJK") 27 : K">nn nv:? anî^n-K'?
recover them all this time? 27i have done you nvn ip\K ntz/y nriKi i]^ ""nxun
no wrong; yet you are doing me harm and
making war on me. May the Lord, who judges,
:]1?3V "-jn pnT bk'W'' ^n
decide today between the Israelites and the
Ammonites!"
Q -.vbK nbuj nu7K nriD''
28But the king of the Ammonites paid no heed
to the message that Jephthah sent him.
29Then the spirit of the Lord came upon
Jephthah. He marched through Gilead and Ma- :]l)3i7 ^n -iny ly^^ n|!y)37pT ivâ
nasseh, passing Mizpeh of Gilead; and from pnrDK npKî n^n-^b nij nriQ*' '^'r>^ 30
Mizpeh of Gilead he crossed over [to] the Am- KYl^n o^n

n2rTi3i ]i)3V '')TnK ]nr\
monites. 30And Jephthah made the following
vow to the Lord: "If You deliver the Ammonites
into my hands, 3 1 then whatever comes out of
r[)wb HMT ]i)3y '>n)2 aib'u/n
the door of my house to meet me on my safe
return from the Ammonites shall be the Lord's Dn nnlprT^ ]1kjv ^)^'bi<^ nn?'' inviii 32
and shall be offered by me as a burnt offering." -iVi°"iyini7)3 D3:'T33 :ni3 nin^ Djriî
32Jephthah crossed over to the Ammonites
and attacked them, and the Lord delivered 'jQjp X\m •'J3 ivja"! n'Kp nj7n3i nan
them into his hands. 33He utterly routed
Q :'7K"1U7T in
them — from Aroer as far as Minnith, twenty
towns — the way
all to Abel-cheramim. So the
Ammonites submitted to the Israelites.

nlVnTpni "'srin iriK-ji?^ riKY^ inn
34When Jephthah arrived at his home in : nn-lK ]n "^m-n i'?-]-'^ nTH"' K''n pii
Mizpah, there was his daughter coming out to in^n-JiK ynpî nnlK lnlK-iD "'n;'! 35
meet him, with timbrel and dance! She was an riKT 'jnynDn ynDn ^'Jin nnx nnKî
only child; he had no other son or daughter.
nin^-'7K ''Q-'rT'yQ "djkt nnVn n^n
350n seeing her, he rent his clothes and said,
'inK v^K "i)pK'rn.36 ::iwb b2M< kî
"Alas, daughter! You have brought me low; you
have become my troubler! For I have ''uttered
-iu;k3 ""^ npv n'in:'-'7K'Ti''$-nK nrr'^Q
a vow-^ to the Lord and I cannot retract." ^^"Fa- mn"' '^'7 °nu7i7 "iii/K nnx ^'Eip k^^
ther," she said, "you have uttered a vow to the
Lord; do to me as you have vowed, seeing that ns-in HTn nn^n -"^ nu/y;' n^nK-'7K
the Lord has vindicated you against your en- -bv 'nTiî nn^Kl ^''^lO d^J^ "'^'^n
emies, the Ammonites." 37She further said to

^n-'vii '3JK ''7inn-'7V nnnxT nnnn
her father, "Let this be done for me: let me be
for two months, and I will go with my com-

panions and lament' upon the hills and there
b-fe Li'f. "opened my mouth. "HMa" ]-'Vvm in''DD

c Lit. "descend" i.e., with weeping; cf. ha. 15.3.
545
NEVi'iM JUDGES 11.37 K-- O'lUQIU/ n-'K-'^j
bewail my maidenhood." -^''"Go," he replied. He

let her go for two months, and she and her com-
panions went and bewailed her maidenhood
upon the hills. ^'Âfter two months' time, she re-
turned to her father, and he did to her as he had
vowed. She had never known a man. So it be-
n^^TbT D"')p^n4o :'7K-ju;"'3 ph-inni
came a custom
I
in Israel ••'for the maidens of Is-

rael to go every year, for four days in the year, nriQ-'-nn^ rx\irh bkyv^, nm hp^n
and chant dirges for the daughter of Jephthah
the Gileadite.
12 The men of Ephraim mustered and miQy nny^T nnQK wk pyy"! n''
crossed [the Jordan] to Zaphon. They said to Dn'pn'7 I
ninv ynn nn^^b njoKî
i
Jephthah, "Why did you march to fight the Am-

monites without calling us to go with you? We'll
nnQ;' iwk''12 :\z;kii ^'î; tq'-it^j ^jn-'n
burn your house down over you!" ^Jephthah an-
swered them, "I and my people were in a bitter
conflict with the summoned

Ammonites; and I
Dnvîn-K'p'! 03nK pyTKi ikd ]mv
vîi/m :°1?^ '^''^
you, but you did not save me from them. ^When "firK"""? n^^")^V^
I saw that you were no saviors, I risked my life

and advanced against the Ammonites; and the
Lord delivered them into my hands. Why have nnQT ynp^T -i
: ^^ Dn"??!^ n\ri ni^n ^bi<.
you come here now to fight against me?" -lAnd

Jephthah gathered men of Gilead and
all the
fought the Ephraimites. The men of Gilead de-

feated the Ephraimites; for "they had said, "You
nnDK iilnn lijb^ nriK nnsK iy^'73
Gileadites are nothing but fugitives from nnnva-nK lyÂ is"?"! nw^ri "qin:? ^ :
Ephraim —being in Manasseh is like being in •>v^bB n)pK'' '3 n^m nnsK^ ]iyn
Ephraim."-" sjhe Gileadites held the fords of ivbymK i"? naK^'i ninvK bn.Qx
the Jordan against the Ephraimites. And when \b nnK"! (^ :i(b \ ipK""! nnK "ri'iSKn
any fugitive from Ephraim said, "Let me cross," Kb^ nViiO inK""'] nb'^vj Ki-i?pK
I^d;"
the men of Gilead would ask him, "Are you an
Ephraimite?"; if he said "No," '^they would say
to him, "Then say shibboleth"; but he would say
"sibboleth," nox being able to pronounce it cor-
rectly. Thereupon they would seize him and

slay him by the fords of the Jordan. Forty-two
thousand Ephraimites fell at that time.
ii ii Meaning of Hfb. umfrlain.
546
-
NEVi'iM JUDGES 13.6 p "'UQIU; niK-inj
''Jephthah led Israel six years. Then Jephthah

the Gileadite died and he was buried in one of
the towns of Gilead.
8After him, Ibzan of Bethlehem'' led Israel.
9He had thirty sons, and he married off thirty
daughters outside the clan and brought in thirty

girls from outside the clan for his sons. He led
Israel seven years. lOThen Ibzan died and was iT'n^ nnj?""! i^nx rDp^î lo : ww
buried in Bethlehem.
iiAfter him, Elon the Zebulunite led Israel;
he led Israel for ten years. i2Then Elon the Zeb-

ulunite died and was buried in Aijalon, in the
territory of Zebulun.
1
3After him, Abdon son of Hillel the Pirathon
ite led Israel. '^He had forty sons and thirty
grandsons, who rode on seventy jackasses. He

led Israel for eight years. '^Then Abdon son of -bv w'A^'^ n^b '>n h'>\ijbm u^n
Hillel the Pirathonite died. He was buried in
Pirathon, in the territory of Ephraim, on the hill
'JinynQH ^Vn-]n ]iinv nnj'î 15 -.ww
of the Amalekites.
Q :''\?bmr[
13 The Israelites again did what was offen-

sive to the Lord, and the Lord delivered them
into the hands of the Philistines for forty years.
ynn nw:jb bk-^p^ 'jn iQp''T A
u^n\ubB-i^_:ii nrni DJnî mn;" ''ryn
2There was a certain man from Zorah, of the
stock of Dan, whose name was Manoah. His
wife was barren and had borne no children. 3An
angel of the Lord appeared to the woman and -.TMbi Kb) nnjpi; inu^xi nljn 1?p\î
said to her, "You are barren and have borne no

children; but you shall conceive and bear a son.
rrr^^ Kb) h-jj^y-JiK KJ-mri ry^x
4Now be careful not to drink wine or other in-
toxicant, or to eat anything unclean, spor you

-73 ^^DK'n-'7Ki '^^m ]''i 'riu/rT'7Ki
are going to conceive and bear a son; let no razor
touch his head, for the boy is to be a nazirite

h-jlm ]± nib'''] nnn 'qin°"'3 5 ikdu
to God from the womb on. He shall be the first
to deliver Israel from the Philistines."
^The woman went and told her husband, "A
Hj3k^ nu;''K^ "ipxni hifkh Knrri 6
b I.e., Bethlehem in Zebulun; cf. Josh. 19.15.
547
NEVi'iM JUDGES 13.6 r WV^W n^K^nj
man of God came to me; he looked like an angel nKi)p3 ink-))?! ">% k;3 D''n'7Kn W'^k
of God, very frightening. I did not ask him tib) "iKD KnU tiTr'7Kn '^k'?)?
where he was from, nor did he tell me his name. -Kb inuz-riKi Mti n;T?p-^K in-'n'7K\:7
''He said to me, 'You are going to conceive and
nnV^l nnn ân ''7
"i)pK=^"!' •.">)> inn
bear a son. Drink no wine or other intoxicant,
-bK) niju/") ]î I -^rwpn-bK nnvT ]^
and eat nothing unclean, for the boy is to be a
TT>TT> u^ribK "i"'Tr"'3 nKpU)-'73 ^''pDkn
nazirite to God from the womb to the day of
his death!'" D :lril?3 uv-iv lU5n-]D iv^n
f^Manoah pleaded with the Lord. "Oh, my "'jiiK '3 "ipK"! mn^-'^K nun inyî
Lord!" he said, "please let the man of God that liv KJ-Kln^ nnb\LJ "iu/k D"'n'7Kn u/^k
You sent come to us again, and let him instruct
us how to act with the child that is to be born."

kn^l mi'n '7lpn DTt'^Kn ypw"")?
"^God heeded Manoah's plea, and the angel of
k"'m n\i7Kn-'7K nii; ov'^kh \Kb-n
God came to the woman again. She was sitting
in the field and her husband Manoah was not

:n)3y I'lK nuz-'K nuni nnwn nnu/p
with her. '^The woman ran in haste to tell her nw^^b im) Y^r\) h^kh innni i"
husband. She said to him, "Theman who came \u^Kr[ '^bK nxnj nin vb^ "iDKni
to me "Ma-
before" has just appeared to me."
noah promptly followed his wife. He came to ^b iipKî \i;''kri-bK Kn^T iriu/K nriK
the man and asked him: "Are you the man who
nu^KH-'^K rnninu/K \:/"'KrT nnxn
spoke to my wife?" "Yes," he answered. i-Then
Kill nnv nlj?3 "ink"!'^ :"'Jk nnK''"!
Manoah said, "May your words soon come true!
What rules shall be observed for the boy?" ^The '
angel of the Lord said to Manoah, "The woman

73)3 niJ)3-'7K mn^ 1^^"^?? "i^^""! '-^
must abstain from all the things against which

"73)3 14 npii/n n\£7KrT-'7K •'rriipKnu/K
I warned her. ''She must not eat anything that n3U/i ]îT 'îK'n iib ]i^n ]3J)3 Ky^nu/K
comes from the grapevine, or drink wine or b:i '73K'rT'7K nK>3U-'73i nu;ri-'7K
other intoxicant, or eat anything unclean. She :in\:;n n^JT'iY-iu/K
must observe all that I commanded her."
-nnyyj mn^ îxb'^-'^K nun nnk'''] 1^
'5Manoah said to the angel of the Lord, "Let

.uîv nA ûq'7 nu;i;jT T|niK kj
us detain you and prepare a kid for you." '^But
the angel of the Lord said to Manoah, "If you

DK nlJ?p-'7K nSn'', '^kb)2 inK'n i^
detain me, I shall not eat your food; and if you nu;vn-DKT "^nn^n '73"K-k'7 unyvri
present a burnt offering, offer it to Lord." — For nij)p yT-k'7 ^3 n:ibvr\ nin^b n^y
Manoah did not know that he was an angel of nijn "inK'^Ti' :^^n r[]n-' -]i<.b)2-^'2
the Lord. '"So Manoah said to the angel of the
Lord, "What is your name? We should like to

nin-i 'r[KbT2 lb inK"") i« :"în33i "^nni
honor you when your words come true." '"The
angel said to him, "You must not ask for my

name; it is unknowable!
III llie day."
548
"
NEVi'iM JUDGES 14.4 ni D'ÛQIU; 'K-'nj
i9Manoah took the kid and the meal offering

and offered them up on the rock to the Lord;
ând a marvelous thing happened'' while Ma- "irT'i 20 tD-'K'-i inu/K") niJ)pT nWi;b
noah and his wife looked on. 20As the flames
rTnîQ\iJ'ri himn bv)2 nn'pri ni'^yn
leaped up from the altar toward the sky, the
angel of the Lord ascended in the flames of
m^m n5T?3n nri'?^ n'ln-'-qK^p '7Vj'.i
the altar, while Manoah and his wife looked on; :ny-!K Dn^js-'^y ^bB'>^ wki ln\z7Ki
and they flung themselves on their faces to the
ground. — -^The angel of the Lord never ap- -'3 niii)3

vji TK lnu;K-'7Ki niJ}3-'7K
peared again Manoah and
to —Ma- his wife. -'7K nijn nnKî22 :Kin mn;" 'qKb'n
noah then realized that it had been an angel of
the Lord. 22And Manoah said to his wife, "We
shall surely die, for we have seen a divine being.
nm)3i nVi; iji^?p np.'p-k'p ijn^nn^
23But his wife said to him, "Had the Lord meant
iib ni;3T n^K-'73-nK ijk-ih kb'i
to take our lives. He would not have accepted
a burnt offering and meal offering from us, nor :nKT3 ^jy-'nu/n
us see all these things; and He would not have
let iîp-riK Kni^ni ]i hwKn 'lb^]^2^
made such an announcement to us."

24The woman bore a son, and she named him
Samson. The boy grew up, and the Lord blessed
him. 25The spirit of the Lord first moved him
in the encampment of Dan, between Zorah and
Eshtaol.
14 Once Samson went down to Timnah;

and while in Timnah, he noticed a girl among "I?'!"! "^V^l^ :ninu;'7Q nmn nnjjpnn
the Philistine women. 20n his return, he told
Dbx'pT
"rr'K"! r[\î<. "inkî t';ik'?
his father and mother, "I noticed one of the Phi-
listine women in Timnah; please get her for me
i)2Kl vnK l"? "M^K^) 3 : H^K^ "^b nnlK
as a wife." ^His father and mother said to him,
"Is there no one among the daughters of your n\i7K ^')3y-'73nT •^•'nK niinn pxn
own kinsmen and among all our« people, that n^nu7^3n r[\^K nnpb' ^qb'in nnK""'?
you must go and take a wife from the uncir-
cumcised Phihstines?" But Samson answered TiiKi-i :"'J''2;n rrwi K"'n-'3 "'^"np
his father, "Get me that one, for she is the one
that pleases me." 4His father and mother did not
Kvn nv3T n"'ri\:7^3?p ujpnn-Kin
realize that this was the Lord's doing: He was
seeking a pretext against the Philistines, for the
Philistines were ruling over Israel at that time.
b-b Meaning of Heb. uncertain,
a Heb. "my."
549
NEVi'iM JUDGES 14.5 T. nûQiu; D^K^nj
5So Samson and his father and mother went

down to Timnah.
When he'' came to the vineyards ot Timnah
for the first time] , a full-grown lion came roar-
(
nn vbv n'pyni <^ -.

iriKnp'? aku; ninK
ing at him. ('The spirit of the Lord gripped him,
and he tore him asunder with his bare hands
as one might tear a kid asunder; but he did not
tell his father and mother what he had done. "•rv? '^p^n^ r[\LJi<,b nn-j-'i -r-i"'! ' -.
nvjv
^Then he went down and spoke to the woman,
and she pleased Samson. riK nlKi'7 np'î nnnp"? D^p^p ^"^"^
^Returning the following year to marry her,
he turned aside to look at the remains of the
lion; and in the lion's skeleton he found a swarm
]r\'>) m^-^K) T'^K-'^K ^b'') "^DKi ^'^'bn
of bees, and honey. ^He scooped it into his
palms and ate it as he went along. When he re-
joined his father and mother, he gave them

some and they ate it; but he did not tell them u\u u/v!""! n\i7Kn-'7K in^nK ti"! 10
that he had scooped the honey out of a lion's :D"'"!iniin wv;] ]3 ""b T^^}\lj'n ]Wr2p
skeleton.
'OSo his father came down to the woman, and hr]b ink''T 1^ :lnK vn") wv^ri
Samson made a feast there, as young men used
lAn-DK nyn n^b KrnniriK ]W)2]u
to do. "When they saw him, they designated
hnp'n'n "')?•'
nyû; ''b nniK 'n^jn
thirty companions to be with him. '^Then
Samson said to them, "Let me propound a rid-
dle to you. If you can give me the right answer k'7-DKI 13 :D"'"|A5 n"Q'7n wûbû^
during the seven days of the feast, I shall give
you thirty linen tunics and thirty sets of cloth- nnk""! an^n niQ-''7n w\ubvj^ d"'J"'~|0
ing; '-%ut if you are not able to tell it to me, you

must give me thirty linen tunics and thirty sets
of clothing." And they said to him, "Ask your

riddle and we will listen." '^So he said to them:
pinn Ky^ Tvni
"Out of the eater came something to eat.
Out of the strong came something sweet."

:
wrî n]ijb\i; nynn i^^rib ^b21 iib)
For three days they could not answer the riddle. -n\ui<,b nnKî "'V^'ni^^n dI"? i '>'r\^) 1?
'?On the seventh'' day, they said to Samson's -riK iJ^nri •û/'iK-HK TIB pu/au;
wife, "Coax your husband to provide us with
the answer to the riddle; else we shall put you

:*K'pn Ij"? DHK-lp Wl^^n U/K3
and your father's household to the fire; have you
invited us here' in order to impoverish us?" -nbrt- -inK noua v. is.
b Heb. "ihcy."
c I.e.. the people of Timnah.
"
d Septuagini and Syriac read "fourth.
r Reading halom, with some Heb. msi. ami Targum.
550
NEvi'iM JUDGES 15.5 iu D"'UQ1U; n''K-'nj
i6Then Samson's wife harassed him with tears, "pi SnK'rT! v^v ]wt2\ij n\uk°'T\:iPi'[ le
and she said, "You really hate me, you don't love
me. You asked my countrymen a riddle, and you
nin n^ '^^'ni<'>^ nni^n K^ •''71 im
me the answer." He replied, "I haven't
didn't tell
even told my father and mother; shall tell you?" I
i^During the rest of the seven days of the feast

•>i7in\pn uv-^. ^n->) nn\ij)2ri nr\b
she continued to harass him with her tears, and \
on the seventh day he told her, because she
nagged him so. And she explained the riddle to nvn -fi/n '^JK l'? TT?i<'^"! '** : n)3V
her countrymen. iÔn the seventh day, before nonnn 'V''?^n
k':;^
ÎV^
the sunset, the townsmen said to him:
u/n^p pin)3-n5?
"What is sweeter than honey.
nK)3 TV nm
And what is stronger than a lion?"
nrjb njpK"'!
He responded:
"Had you not plowed with my heifer,
You would not have guessed my riddle!" :''riTn DiiKyn k^

i9The spirit of the Lord gripped him. He went ]l'7p\f7K Ti.h nin^ nn vbv n^yrri 19
down to Ashkelon and killed thirty of its men. -riK hpî \LJ^k u->\ub\u 1 nri)3 "q^.!
He stripped them and gave the sets of clothing nTnri '>ymb niQ-'^nn iriî aniy^pn
to those who had answered the riddle. And he
Q :in"'nK TT'^ bi;i_) iqk in;'.'!
left in a rage for his father's house.
nvn "iu;k inynp^ p^J?^ riwx 'rirn. 20
20Samson's wife then married one of those
'Ab
who had been his wedding companions.
15 Some time later, in the season of the It)

wheat harvest, Samson came to visit his wife, w^v n:\21 lnu7K"riK ]1\Z7)3U7 "rpQ""!
bringing a kid as a gift. He said, "Let me go into -kb) n"i"tnri •nu/K''^^^ ^^"^^ "ip^'^l
the chamber to my wife." But her father would
inx n^'iK "upK^v :Kln^ ri'inx ijnj
not let him go in. 2"! was sure," said her father,
you had taken

•qVin^ TinpiK) nriKJtz; kju/-''3 '•'nijbK
"that a dislike to her, so I gave
her to your wedding companion. But her
-^nri nm)2 nnlu hûpn nnnx k'"?:!
younger sister is more beautiful than she; let ]W'np hrjb nnK='i3 :ri^rinri j]^ kj
her become your wife instead." ^Thereupon i)K nti/y-'B D-'riU7'7Q)3 Dvsn 'rr'pj
Samson declared, "Now the Philistines can have

no claim against me for the harm I shall do n'\K')2-\ub\L; la^"-] ]W)2\iJ i^;',"!4
them."
^Samson went and caught three hundred
:1inii ninj-TH "'^ju/'T'? "inx tq^ Dt^î
foxes. He took torches and, turning [the foxes]
tail to tail, he placed a torch between each pair
of tails. 5He lit the torches and turned [the foxes]
551
NEVi'iM JUDGES 15.5 10 D"'UEnu; n^K^DJ
loose among the standing grain of the Philis-
tines, setting fire to stacked grain, standing

grain, vineyards, [and]" olive trees.
'The Philistines asked, "Who did this?" And '3

inu/K-DK nj7^ ''î^^'ri inn ]w-n\u
they were told, "It was Samson, the son-in-law
iQ-lu/ii n-'nu/'^Q ^by']^ mv-in^ mn^T
of the Timnite, who took Samson's'' wife and
gave her to his wedding companion." There-
nrib "inK^v :u;k:3 n"'nK-nKT nniK
upon the Philistines came up and put her and ^nni^rDK ">3 nKT3 ]iu;i;n-nK ]iu;?3W
her father' to the fire. ''Samson said to them, "If

that is how you act, I will not rest until I have
taken revenge on you." **<'-Hegave them a sound
and thorough thrashing.'' Then he went down
and stayed in the cave of the rock of Etam.
'The Philistines came up, pitched camp in Ju-
-nK hdk"? npK"^"! ir'^y ^n''bv
dah and spread out over Lehi. '"The men of Ju-
dah asked,"Why have you come up against us?" nu;y "nu/K? ^b nwvb ir^py ]W)2\lj
They answered, "We have come to take Samson ^"ik w'bbif. rwiJbp nn""!!' :ij'?
prisoner, and to do to him as he did to us."

"Thereupon three thousand men of Judah ijii wbp)2-^:2 nvi? kbr\ ]Wy2\ijb
went down to the cave of the rock of Etam, and -i)3k'''1 âb nwv nKrn)pi D-'nu/'^Q
they said to Samson, "You knew that the Phi-
listines rule over us; why have you done

-.wnb 'n-'ti/y ]3 -'b wv hu/K? nnb'
this to
us?" He replied, "As they did to me, so I did to

them." '2"We have come down," they told him,
lynu/n ]lu;nu; bn^ "upk'T n"'nu;'73
"to take you prisoner and to hand you over ^b nnK''^'ii3 :anK ^3 imQn-]Ej "^b
to the PhiHstines." "But swear to me," said Sam- U-T2 îjnji '^"!V^,^ "i'Ci<"^?
kb -idk'?
son to them, "that you yourselves will not at- D-'Ju;^ ^nnpK"! ^n"'J3J kb nnrn
tack me." i-^"We won't," they replied. "We will
:vb^ri-])2 ^ri^bv"]} Dû/nn U'>n2v
only take you prisoner and hand you over to
lynn D'lnu/^ST Ti^-iv xn-Kin m
them; we will not slay you." So they bound him
m-i^nn"! nin*' nn vbv n^yni inK-jp"?
with two new ropes and brought him up from
the rock.
D^ni:/?? i"'nlyl-iT-'7V -iu;k D^nnyn
'4When he reached Lehi, the Philistines came
shouting to meet him. Thereupon the spirit of IT n'7u;''"i nnu ninn-^nb' K^n"! '-^
the Lord gripped him, and the ropes on his inK"! K' :\uiK f]bi<. n3-"^;'i nni?"")
arms became like flax that catches fire; the ]Wt2v;
bonds melted off his hands. I'^He came upon a
fresh jawbone of an ass and he picked it up;
and with it he killed a thousand men. "'Then

Samson said:
a So Targtim.
b Heb. "his."
c Many msi. read "her father's houiehottt": cf. 14. IH.
"
d-d Lit. "He unole them leg us well as thigh, a great smiting. DDJ
" '
NEVi'iM JUDGES 16.5 TU D'lUQli:/ D^K^nj
"With the jaw of an ass,
Mass upon mass!

With the jaw of an ass
nl)3nn ^nb:i
I have slain a thousand men."
iÂs he finished speaking, he threw the jaw-
iTp ^nbri '^hp'i) 'î~[b iri'^^B ^"'H"')- '^
bone away; hence that place was called
Ramath-lehi.c
pn^ nnn Kinn nipja'p K^pî
i8He was very thirsty and he called to the

Lord, "You Yourself have granted this great nyiu/nn-riK ^^nvT^ ^^^ -^^^
victory through Your servant; and must I now K)pyn m)pK hnvi nkTH n'7i^ri
die of thirst and fall into the hands of the un- wfibK ypn^Tis :D"''7ni7n ts '>r\b^^)
circumcised?" i^So God split open the hollow
^m)2 ikî'i ''n^5"iU7K \:7riD)3ri-nK
which is at Lehi, and the water gushed out of
K"ii7 1 ]^-bv "mi inn nu/ni nu/î b^n
it; he drank, regained his strength, and revived.
uvri ny ""n^n -i\^k Knlpn t"!;
njpu;
That is why it is called to this day "En-hakkore/
:n;Tn
of Lehi."
20He led Israel in the days of the Philistines
for twenty years. D '.nm Dnu7V
16 Once Samson went to Gaza; there he b\f7-K"!:''! rrriTV li^Jpu/ "q^^".! I w

met a whore and slept with her. -"The Gazites ibx'? n-'n-TV^
I
2 : ry^K knî niit ufK
[learned] '' that Samson had come there, so they
gathered and lay in ambush for him in the

-^3 i\:7-innî 'T'l/n ny^n nb-ibri
town gate the whole night; and all night long
they kept whispering to each other, "When day-

light comes, we'll kill him." ^But Samson lay in
I ^P3"'!^b^bn 'ynny pu/nu; ^b^^t^
bed only till midnight. At midnight he got up, S"'vri-ni7u; nln^nn TnK;;i n^"""?:! 'ynn
grasped the doors of the town gate together with ^Vl"] nnîrT"DV nvD^'i nihTjan ^^\\Ij'2.^
the two gateposts, and pulled them out along

with the bar. He placed them on his shoulders
and carried them off to the top of the hill that
is near Hebron.
piU; '7m2i n\i7K nrTK:ji l^'nnK ^'>r\->}4
inp ri'^bK ^bv'^^s -.nb-'b^, T]r2\^^

Âfter that, he fell in love with a woman in
the Wadi Sorek, named Delilah. 5The lords of îKIT ini>< ""J^? ^b ^'^'ni<^^ wnpb^
the Philistines went up to her and said, "Coax innoKi "ib b:iM n)3m '7in:i ina njain
him and find out what makes him so strong,

and how we can overpower him, tie him up, and
e I.e., "Jawbone Heights."

f Understood as "The Spring of the Caller.
a Meaning of parts of verse uncertain,

b Septuagint reads "were told.
553
NEVi'iM JUDGES 16.5 TU DÛQIU; D->K''nj
make him helpless; and we'll each give you riKm f|^K \ij->k ^^-]n) iJnjKi '\wh
eleven hundred shekels of silver."
<^So Delilah said to Samson, "Tell me, what
makes you so strong? And how could you be

r^rnjiv'? ipKn nr^2^ "^nji "rina n)33 •'7
tied up and made helpless?" "Samson replied,

'jnpKi'-nK ]W)2\u rf'pK nJaK^v
"If I were to be tied with seven fresh tendons
that had not been dried,'' I should become as
weak as an ordinary man." ^So the lords of the -i'7i7:'"!*< -.uii^ri TfiKB Ti^^rn ^n^hm
Philistines brought up to her seven fresh ten- D-'n'p DnrT" r[V2\u u^rwub^ "'np n^p
dons that had not been dried. She bound him nnKHT nnn in-ipNrii nin-k'7 "iu;k
'>
:
with them, ''while an ambush was waiting in her wrwubB vbK inkni iins n^ nu;'-'
room. Then she called out to him, "Samson, the
"iu;k3 nnrr'n-riK pn^'') \Wi2\iJ '^'^bv
Philistines are upon you!" Whereat he pulled
i<b^ MJK innnn hiv^n-'^-'ris pn^^
the tendons apart, as a strand of tow comes apart
:1n'3 VT\:
at the touch of fire. So the secret of his strength
remained unknown. nbnri mn ]wr2\u-bi<. nb^bi "inkri"! 10
'''Then Delilah said to Samson, "Oh, you de-

ceived me; you lied to me! Do tell me now how DK ri'>bi<. '^^ni<''^ 1 : npKn n)33 "^b
you could be tied up." "He said, "If were to I

-iu;k D-iu/in a"'nny5 "'Jtidk:' "i1dk
be bound with new ropes that had nexer been
•'rT';'rTi 'n'''?n') n^K^n ann nujvyiib
used, I would become as weak as an ordinary'
u^n:iv ''nb-'bi npnii- :D']>^n inxa
man." '-So Delilah took new ropes and bound
vbi< "inkn"! nnn innpKni D-'u/nn
him with them, while an ambush was waiting
in a room. And she cried, "Samson, the Philis-
tines are upon you!" But he tore them off his :uin3 vny-iT bvri Dpnri "iinin
arms like a thread. '-"^Then Delilah said to mn-iv ]wr2\u-bi<. r[b''b'i "inkni 13
Samson, "You have been deceiving me all along; •>b ni-'APi D^np ''7K nnini '•3
n'^nn
you have been King to me! Tell me, how could ""iiiKri-DK n^'pK ^^r2i<'>^ ipKn nan
you be tied up?" He answered
seven locks of my
her, "If you
head into the web.""* '-lAnd

weave
:nDp?3n-ay wn niD^nip yni^-jiK
u^nûbB vbii -inK'ni inp VpnrT! 14
she pinned it with a peg'' and cried to him,
-riK yp'""! lnj\i7)2 yp""! \wr2\u '^'^bv
"Samson, the Philistines are upon you!" Awak-
ing from his sleep, he pulled out the peg, the
loom,' and the web. ^"'rinnK "ijpKn tiik vbK -inK'ni'^

'
5Then she said to him, "How can you say you nbnri n^nvs wb\u nr •nK y^ ^^:lb^
jiqa nm
love me, when you don't confide in me? This •'rT"'Vif> :bM> ''b ^\1^^[-i<b^ ^n
makes three times that you've deceived me and
haven't told me what makes you so strong."
c For uie as bowiirmgi.

J Septuagint adds "and pin if with a peg to the wall. I shall become
as weak as an ordinary man. So Delilah put him to ileep and
wove the seven locks of his head into the web.
e Septuagint adds "to the wall.
554
NEVi'iM JUDGES 16.25 TU DÛQII:/ D1K13J
i^Finally, after she had nagged him and pressed

him constantly, he was wearied to death iând
he confided everything to her. He said to her,
"No razor has ever touched my head, for I have

been a nazirite to God since I was in my mother's
•'rr'^ni Tib '3)3jp npi '•'nn'prDK ^}3K
womb. If my hair were cut, my strength would
:DiKrT-'733 'ri"';;m
leave me and I should become as weak as an
ordinary man."
isSensing that he had confided everything to H)3k'7 D^riu;'7Q ""np^ K-jpni nb\un'\
her, Delilah sent for the lords of the Philistines, -"â-nK ^b nb T'ArT-''3 avEjn i^y
with this message: "Come up once more, for he ^bv'!^ D"'riu/^Q ''JIP h''^K ^bv) '\^b
has confided everything to me." And the lords
of the Philistines came up and brought the
nl5'7n)3 vnu/TiK n^^ni w^kb xnprii
money with them, i^she lulled him to sleep on
her lap. Then she called in a man, and she had
him cut off the seven locks of his head; thus she *yi7^"i ]Wr2p ^\/'i7 D^riu/'pQ n)3K'rT!2o
weakened himi' and made him helpless: his "iVIKl byss ayD:} kyk nnkî mwr:
strength slipped away from him. 20She cried, :T''7i;)3 -ip mn^ ^p vt Kb Kim
"Samson, the Philistines are upon you!" And he
awoke from his sleep, thinking he would break u'^n\um'3. innpKî nnfy ihlK nnl'i
loose/and shake himself free as he had the other
:nn^DKri Dn-'oxn n^nî ]nlu "rT'i
times. For he did not know that the Lord had
nu;K3 n^y^ ^^jK'^-nv\u '?nj;i22
departed from him. - iThe Philistines seized him
Q :nVa
and gouged out his eyes. They brought him
down to Gaza and shackled him in bronze fet- bnrnnT n'STyiQpKJ d^jiu/^q 'jnp'i 23
ters, and he became a mill slave in the prison.
22After his hair was cut off, it began to grow back.

23Now the lords of the Philistines gathered to
offer a great sacrifice to their god Dagon and

nn^ri'^K-nK ^bbri''} ayn in'K ik"!'''!24
to make merry. They chanted,
"Our god has delivered into our hands
Our enemy Samson."

bip ^^''ribK ]nj
24/!\Yhen the people saw him, they sang praises

to their god, chanting, :ij^'7^n-nK n^'^ri '^\UK^
"Our god has delivered into our hands w"!p n)pK"='i nil "7 nlu3 mu ^3 m^t^s
The enemy who devastated our land, ]'\]bripb =iK"!p^T iJ^^-pntz;"'T ]W'n\ub
And who slew so many of us." DrfjQ'7 bnyi DniDKH nn^DKH JTisn
25As their spirits rose, they said, "Call Samson
here and let him dance for us." Samson was
fetched from the prison, and he danced for
'>
g Taking wattahel as equivalent to wattahal; cf. vv. 7, 11, and 1 7. \U-\W:i -|Dn I'. 20.
h This verse would read well after v. 25.
555
NEVi'iM JUDGES 16.25 Tu DÛQIU; D^K^J
them. Then they put him between the pillars.
ôAnd Samson said to the boy who was leading
him by the hand, "Let go of me and let me feel
the pillars that the temple may rests upon, that I

Dn"''?^ ^"'^'^
:
WW^"^ °D"''^^ l""^^ "^W^
lean on them." -^Now the temple was full of men
njpwT Dîi/^m bi^jKH t^bri rriiim 27
and women; all the lords of the Philistines were
nu7'^\^3 >^n-'7V'! D"'Jnw'?Q ',J~!P b'-D
there, and there were some three thousand men
and women on the roof watching Samson pln\:;ii u^Kiri r]^jK^ iz;"'k d-'q'pk
dance. -'"^Then Samson called to the Lord, "O mn-'-'^K ]Wr;i\u N^p""!-** :]Wr2W
Lord God! Please remember me, and give me KJ 'Jptrn KJ ""j-ipT nin;^ "-nK upK"")
strength just this once, O God, to take revenge -Dpj npp^KT 'n'7Kn h-Tn dvqh "^k
of the Philistines, if only for one of my two eyes."
-•^He embraced the two middle pillars that the
"û;K "qinn mTav 1 ""JU^tik ]wi2\u
temple rested upon, one with his right arm and
itiK wn^bv ^pD''"! ^T}^bv ilDJ n^^n
one with his left, and leaned against them;
-ôSamson cried, "Let me die with the Philis-
tines!" and he pulled with all his might. The b'B'>^ n'3? ^".1 D^nu;'73-ny ^p^; ninn
temple came crashing down on the lords and
on all the people in it. Those who were slain by "•in. ininn n'>pr\ "iu;k bTuan Tin"!
him as he died outnumbered those who had :v^n:i n^pn ni^K)?

been slain by him when he lived.
-''iHis brothers and all his father's household

came down and carried him up and buried him
upu; Kirn t'^k nl3?3 nnp.î bi(.npK
in the tomb of his father Manoah, between
Zorah and Eshtaol. He had led Israel for twenty 3 :mu7 anu/v '7Kn\:;"'-nK
years.
17 man in the hill country

There was a
Ephraim whose name was Micah." ^He said
of
to c]p3n nkni'q'pK
V
Dais'? - : ^n''D"'n
"^'P^''"!
his mother, "The eleven hundred shekels of sil- n-ipK uy.) n'l^K riK") tiki "^b-n^b -iu;k
ver that were taken from you, so that you uttered
T'nnp'? "'JK ""riK Pipsn-mn 'jtkb
an imprecation'' which you repeated in my
•.'nyn^b ^n t)ti3 1)3k -iipKni
hearing — I have that silver; I took it." "Blessed
'2V)i)^
nKnrqb'K-nN
nnK'ni ^r2i<,b côan
of the Lord be my son," said his mother.' -^He
returned the eleven hundred shekels ot silver to r()wb 'qp3n-nK "'nu/'ipn u;"7j7n i)3K
his mother; but his mother said, "I herewith nnyi nDpni "702 nwvb •'nb -"i^n
consecrate the silver to the Lord, transferring

it to my son to make a sculptured image and
a molten image. I now return it to you." -"So
a "Micaihu" here and in v. 4.
b Cursing anyone who knew the whereabouts of the si/vrr ijfi<i itnl
not disclose it; cf. l.ex: 5./; / Kings KM.

c In order to nulhf}- the imprecation.
NEVi'iM JUDGES 18.2 ni D'ÛSIU; •'K-'nj
when he gave the silver back to his mother, his
mother took two hundred shekels of silver and

gave it to a smith. He made of it a sculptured
image and a molten image, which were kept in

vn-n hriK T-riK x^jp-"! D-iQ-irn iIqk
the house of Micah.
q'pn pK ann a-'p^ns :]ri:ib ^b-^rl'>^
5Now the man Micah had a house of God;
Q nu/i/;" vpv:ii nu/^n u/^x '7K"!U7"'3
he had made an ephod and teraphim and he had
:
inducted one of his sons to be his priest. În
those days there was no king in Israel; every man "^b^^j :nu;-nA Kim '')b Kim nyin"!
did as he pleased.
"There was a young man from Bethlehem of iT'S-ny Dn.QK-in Kinî k^'d'' "iu;k5
Judah, from the clan seat of Judah; he was a Le-
vite and had resided there as a sojourner. SThis
jT'nn ''D'iK ').'7 vbii inK^'i Kinn j'^xn
man had left the town of Bethlehem of Judah
to take up residence wherever he could find a
"1)^X5 '\^:>h -^bn 'pjx'i r['r\r[^_ bn^
place. On his way, he came to the house of Micah niay r[:2p ni'^jp 1^7 °i)px''T lo :xy)3x
in the hill country of Ephraim. 9"Where do you ^^jrix •'DJxi "jriD'pi :iKb ^'^"ni'ni
come from?" Micah asked him. He replied, "I
am a Levite from Bethlehem of Judah, and am I

-nx nnu;^ ^)bri bK^^^n ii-fpri 'r\b^^
traveling to take up residence wherever I can

:vn)2 -rnxip \b ivln 'n;'! \u^Kr[
find a place." io"Stay with me," Micah said to
l^'V:""! ^)bri nrrix n^-'n x^jpî 12
him, "and be a father and a priest to me, and

I will pay you ten shekels of silver a year, an al-
lowance of clothing, and your food." '^The Le-

''p ''b nrn'! n^'pT''? ^^vi.1 nriv n3'')p
vite went.-'^ 1 iThe Levite agreed to stay with the

man, and the youth became like one of his own
sons. i^Micah inducted the Levite, and the
young man became his priest and remained in
Micah's shrine. i3"Now I know," Micah told

himself, "that the Lord will prosper me, since
the Levite has become my priest."
18 In those days there was no king in Israel, '7X-!i;7'':n 'q^)3 pK arirT d"")?^? n*'
and in those days the tribe of Dan was seeking 1^7-^7175X3 "'hn unu7 nnn n-'p^ni
a territory in which to settle; for to that day no Dprmv 1^7 nb'Qrx'7 """s n;\]bb n^m
territory had fallen to their lot among the tribes
D : n^njn '7x-it^"' 'unu;-q'in2i xirin
of Israel. 2The Danites sent out five of their
number, from their clan seat at Zorah and
Eshtaol — valiant men — to spy out the land and
d-d Force ofHeb. uncertain.
557
NEVi'iM JUDGES 18.2 m O'lUQIU; D-^Nin:
explore it. "Go," they told them, "and explore

the land." When they had advanced into the hill -riK npn ^'2b uribK nnK"! nnpn'?^
country of Ephraim as far as the house of Micah,
they stopped there for the night. ^While in the
vicinity of Micah's house, they recognized the
speech" of the young Levite, so they went over
and asked him, "Who brought you to these nriK-npi nbri ^K''nn-')p \b npK""!
parts? What are you doing in this place? What ari'7K njpK""!-* :n'Q "^^-nDi nrn npv
is your business here?" ''He replied, "Thus and
thus Micah did for me —he hired me and I be- D^ri'7Kn Kr'7KU^ l':' nnK""! ? : ]ri2b '\b
came his priest." SThey said to him, "Please, in-

ijmK -IU7K 1J31-1 n"'57ynn nviJT
quire of God; we would like to know if the mis-
13^ ]ri3ri urib ~i)3K'î 6 : ri^bv U'^'^bn
sion on which we are going will be successful."
-i^'pn "1U7K DDB-iT nin^ npj n'\b\ub
^"Go in peace," the priest said to them, "the
Lord views with favor the mission you are going wn^l "'U/J^<;^ nwpn i3b':ii
~
q : nn
on." 7The five men went on and came to Laish. nn-ipnnu/K V'7"^^ ^^1""! '^^''?
They observed the people in it dwelling carefree, I \3p\u D"'j~rY usu/ns nun^-nnu/l"'
after the manner of the Sidonians, a tranquil
and unsuspecting people, with no one in the
land to molest them and ''with no hereditary

:n"TK-ni;
ruler.-'' Moreover, they were distant from the
Sidonians and had no deaHngs with anybody.
swhen [the men] came back to their kinsmen
nnx'^'i ^ : DnK rrn DrrriK urib nnK"*)
at Zorah and Eshtaol, their kinsmen asked yiKn-riK iJ^K-j ""3 Dri"''7V nbv^) nr^^p
them, "How did you fare?" ^They repHed, "Let -bi< uwm DriKT n'Kp nniu njirn
us go at once and attack them! For we found :y-!Kn-nK nu/nV xn^ nD"?^ I'^vvn
that the land was very good, and you are sitting y-iKn") nun nv-'7K i mnri Dfjfcna lo
idle! Don't delay; go and invade the land and DDn;'n dtf^'k njnr"'3 wii nniii
take possession of it, 'ofor God has delivered it
"in'i-'^s nibnp d^Tn iwk nipn
into your hand. When you come, you will come
to an unsuspecting people; and the land is spa-
cious and nothing on earth is lacking there."

''73 -njn u/^K niK)p-\:7U7 "^Knu/KDi
"They departed from there, from the clan
seat of the Danites, from Zorah and Eshtaol, six
hundred strong, girt with weapons of war. Kinn DipKj'? "iKîj? ]3-Vi; niin-'n
'
^They went up and encamped at Kiriath-jearim nnp nriK mn ntn uvri iv ]i-njn?p
in Judah. That why that place called "the
any
iK'n"! DnQKnn u]ij)2 nnvT
is is
>
*
:
Gamp of Dan" to this day; it lies west of Kiriath-

jearim. 'M'rom there they passed on to the hill
a Lit. "voice. " The men lOiiUi tell hy his dialect that he came from
Judah and was therefore a former neighbor of the Danites: cf.

w. U-12.
b-b Meaning of H eh. uncertain.
558
"
NEvi'iM JUDGES 18.25 ni DÛDIU/ 'Kinj
countn^ of Ephraim and arrived at the house of

Micah. i^Here the five men who had gone to
spy out the Laish region remarked to their kins-

men, "Do you know, there is an ephod in these
houses, and teraphim, and a sculptured image
and a molten image? Now you know what you
have to do." i^So they turned off there and en-
tered the home of the young Levite at Micah's
house and greeted him. i^The sixhundred Dan- -1U7K nwn nns d^?^J Dn)3n'7n ''73
ite men, girt with their weapons of ^var, stood '\i;3Kn n\z7nn ^bv^Â^' :n""'^^^
at the entrance of the gate, i^while the five men n?3u; ^K3 y-iKn-nK brh D^Dynn
who had gone to spy out the land went inside
liDKH-nKi ''7D3rT-nx
-jixi ifip^
and took the sculptured image, the ephod, the
teraphim, and the molten image. The priest was
standing at the entrance of the gate, and the sLx;
hundred men girt with their weapons of war, ^np"! n^-in n""? ^K3 n^Ki 18 : nnn'7>3n
i^while those men entered Micah's house and

took '^-the sculptured image, the molten image, Dnx nn ]n3n uri-hK nnk""! n3D)3ri
the ephod, and the household gods. -'^ The priest ^T-D''U; u;"inn 1^7 n>3x'='T i? -.w^vjv
said to them, "What are you doing?" i^But they
]nbî 1Kb ij^p-n^m. ^1^nv ^'71 "?]^9"'7V
said to him, "Be quiet; put your hand on your
Ik nriK u^^k n"'n'7 ]n3 "^nvr} 1 3lun
mouth! Come with us and be our father and
priest. Would you rather be priest to one man's
ilSKH-riK nj?"! ]n'3rT ih by^po
household or be priest to a tribe and clan in Is-
rael?" 20The priest was delighted. He took the n-i.i73 K3î '7D5ri-nK'i n''3"irirT-nK'i
ephod, the household gods, and the sculptured :Di7n

image, and he joined the people.
- iThey set out again, placing the children, the
cattle, and their household goods in fiônt.
-iu;k n"'U73Krn n3''?3 n"'3n ip^'nin
22They had already gone some distance from
^^pv\} nij^p n"'3-Dy nwK n^rinn
Micah's house, when the men in the houses near
I'l-'jn-b'K iK-ip^vs :]-r-'j3-nK ^p^ni:!!
Micah's mustered and caught up with the Dan-
who 's ^'7-nn n3i)p'7 npk""! nn"'J3 13D':i
ites. -3They called out to the Danites,
turned around and said to Micah, "What's the "'n^t:;y-nu7x'''rf'7K-nK "inKî -^ -.
P^'pv\^
matter? Why have you mustered?" --^He said,
"You have taken my priest and the gods that I

nj^K'T 2? : T|^-n)3 ""^K n>pKn nrnni
made, and walked off! What do I have left? How
can you ask, 'What's the matter'?" -^But the
nnaoKi u/qj nu w^m^ nil iy:\3"'
Danites replied, "Don't do any shouting at us,
or some desperate men might attack you, and
c-c Lit. "the sculptured image of the ephod, and the household gods,
and the molten image.
559
xrvn'iM aT>GES 18,25 TT" _
TOu aiwi TOUT fainilT \»Tc»u]d lo« 'vouT lines.'" ^*So

Micah, TpatiTfnp dui tr . per liucn
be,TunjedhaciaBdwer' -.
Dwaiies
weni on liieiT vrav, -"taking die thirtgf Micaii iiad
made and tbe priesi he had acquired. Ilie%- pro-
ceeded TO Laisii, a peopk traBqiail and unsus-
pecting, and titke^" put them to lie *n*'c>rd and
burned dcnnm it>e tcmm. -mêre -vczs none to A\i ,%^ %\ i '^ ^ b'VB pJOi-f :rXI
come to ii>e rescue, for itwa*. distMii from Sidon
and ihe^" had no deahngs vciiii anvoiae; ir la^' in
the vaUev- of Beti-rebob.

" ner rebuih die to-k*Ti and senkd diere, -"and
mey named ~'an, after :"
"J" . ;
-
Dan vkiio wa.- n. Origin.- . :
die name of dae Town yczs LaisJi. -''^Tlie Danites
set up The sculprured image for liiemseiT^s; and
lonadian son of Gersbom son of Manasseiu'^ Jl"' "'Li? 'Znin CQ*7^ 2Pqc^ TTJ Til*
and his descendants, served as priests to The
Danite uibe unti] the land wenT into exile. "lira jtv'vj ""U'-j 73 TiFwiy TJiw. tttt:
-"'^Tbev mainiained'" die scolpnired i m age Tiiai
Micah had made tfaroughom Tiie time that tbe

House of God stood at Shiloh.
19 n those davs, "wiaen Tiiere was tdo tTm^y -.-U^

in Israel, a Lexite residing at t±>e other eaad of
"
the n" of Ephraim toed: to Mmiiseilf a
JT^'D iz;3'*S TWX "fr Tl,]?^ ErnSJCTTJ
~ - :
"
" " :— " '
: iah- ^Ôoce his
^ him for hex
fatiier's house m BethJebem m ludah; and siie

stalled there a fuH four momtu'w. - ^-
band set out. "UTth an attend an: . _
donkevs, and M'ent after her to v> .. - .

•
_
- ; to -rnan may nsri ro' '
'B>' i.jV "^"crrr nzT

win her bact she admitied him ir IX ^ ix">"5 ^^F^ jT^Gi intjr^pn D'^'ors
''.
bouse: and wiien tbe girf'i
received him -fc-armir. ^H> r.zrrv 'SPix. zz— —yr^. -zs *ir.-
gjr]"s tadiet, pressed h . staved widi
him three dai's; diev ale ana arar •
r\zy^ ^TT" ""'r"^^ 'iro'pir'^ "tt^t^ s*"^

there. Êarh- in die taoraiag, of iuc .>^ j u. l.. >
'
Lr "pianee thr twin:
360
NEVi'iM JUDGES 19.16 U-. D"'UQ1U; a-'Kinj
he started to leave; but the girl's father said to
his son-in-law, "Eat something to give you I^DKÎ ^n\pî6 :lD'7n -iriKT Dn^nQ
strength, then you can leave." 6So the two of
them sat down and they feasted together. Then
the girl's father said to the man, "Won't you
stay overnight and enjoy yourself?" ^The man
started to leave, but his father-in-law kept urg-
ing him. until he turned back and spent the night
there. Êarly in the morning of the fifth day, he
was about to leave, when the girl's father said, Kin n3 /"^ û/^KH np^1^ 9 : nrt^^p i^pkî
"Come, have a bite." The two of them ate, daw-
dling until past noon. 9Then the man, his con-
Ky^:l'^b :i-ivb nvri nan kj mn nnyan
cubine, and his attendant started to leave. His
'^nnb' nu"i hq ]''b hvri nun nin
father-in-law, the girl's father, said to him,
n3'7m 033^^7 hn)3 Dn)33\:7m
"Look, the day is waning toward evening; do
stop for the night. See, the day is declining;
spend the night here and enjoy yourself. You i<'^?1 "n^^l
^P3 ]'\bb ÛJ^Kri r[:ii<-i<b) 10
can start early tomorrow on your journey and

head for home." nnn :i?3i7 im^-iDT D'-u/on bnlwn
lOBut the man refused to stay for the night.
ny^n "inK^'i tk^ nn nvrn on'^-ni;
He set out and traveled as far as the vicinity of
-"i"'i;-'7K nniDJi Kj-n^"? vjik-^k
Jebus — that is, Jerusalem; he had with him a
pair of laden donkeys, and his concubine ^-was

with him. -^ 1
1 Since they were close to Jebus, and
-i(b -iu;k n^j "i"'i;-'7K hiDJ iib vpK
the day was very far spent, the attendant said
to his master, "Let us turn aside to this town iriKS nnnpji n^b ']b inyj^ "i)?k^"! 13
of the Jebusites and spend the night in it." i2But :n)p"i3 iK nvn^n Mh) nippian
his master said to him, "We will not turn aside "^yx u;)3\Fri bn^ xini id'?"! nny;!! 14
to a town of aliens who are not of Israel, but

will continue to Gibeah. '^Come," he said to his
attendant, "let us approach one of those places
-ripKp \u'>i<. i^Ki ')î;ri nin-iii ^:i]uh
and spend the night either in Gibeah or in
Ramah." i^So they traveled on, and the sun set

]pT \LJ'<K I mm 16 :]i'7^ nn^nn nniK
when they were near Gibeah of Benjamin.
'5They turned off there and went in to spend "u/jKi nynan -iA-Kim nnax inn
the night in Gibeah. He went and sat down in
the town square, but nobody took them indoors

to spend the night, iîn the evening, an old man
came along from his property (^-outside the
town.-c (This man hailed from the hill country
b-b Emendation yields "and his attendant."

c-c Lit. "in the field."
561
NEVi'iM JUDGES 19.16 u-- 'UD1U7 D-'K-'nj
of Ephraim and resided at Gibeah, where the

townspeople were Benjaminites.) '^He hap- 1'ni<^^ ~i"'vn nnn^ n").'^n W'-Kn-nK
pened to see the wayfarer in the town square. hjk
:K'inn j^Kpi "I'^ri ]i7Tri V-'kh
"Where," the old man inquired, "are you going
n'7-n"'B)p iJfiJK nnnV i^^k i^k'^t '«
to, and where do you come from?" '"He replied,
"We are traveling from Bethlehem in Judah to

the other end of the hill country of Ephraim.
That is where I live. I made a journey to Beth- "nlK iqDKn \LJ^k j^Ki "I'^n ""JK h)r[^
lehem of Judah, and now I am on my way ^'to \u} K13D)3-DA jnn-DJiTy inrT^nn
the House of the Lord,'' and nobody has taken
me indoors. '"^We have both bruised straw and
feed for our donkeys, and bread and wine for
pn "q^ nl'7\f7 ]pTn u/^kh "inK'''i2o
me and your handmaid,'' and for the attendant
:]'7ri-'7K nin-13 pn "^bv ^-iionn-'^s
/with your servants./ We lack nothing." 20"Rest
easy," said the old man. "Let me take care of
nlnn'7 b2'>^ '^m-'i irfn"? inK"'n"'i2'
all your needs. Do not on any account spend •Anp") i^pK'î Dri"''7n lYni")
the night in the square." - 'And he took him into "•u/jK mm bn'p-nK D"'3"'p"'n n?3ri 22
his house. He mixed fodder for the donkeys; n">in-nK iipj bv^b^^n 'U/jk "i^yn
then they bathed their feet and ate and drank. u;''KrT-'7K nnKî n^^n-'7V D-'psj'inp
--While they were enjoying themselves, the
u;"'KrT-nK Ki"in nnx"? iprn n^^n by-2.
men of the town, a depraved lot, had gathered
Ky;'123 :i3i;-rJi ^n"'3-'7K k3-i\^k
about the house and were pounding on the
DrT'7K njaK^î n^nn b:;^ W-'kh Dri-''7K
door. They called to the aged owner of the
Ki-ii^K niiK KJ ivnn-'^K ^ni<-bK
house, "Bring out the man who has come into
your house, so that we can be intimate with riK itz;vrT'7K 'ri"'5"'7K nrn \:7-iKn
him." --^The owner of the house went out and nînnn "inn n;in24 iriKTn nb^m
said to them, "Please, my friends, do not com- nniK iJVTbnlK KrHx^YiK inu/;i'7^QT
mit such a wrong. Since this man has entered n-Tn u;"'K^T D^^ryn nlun ur]b w:j)
my house, do not perpetrate this outrage.
-iiby-^ inKTH n'7njri -ini iti/yn i<b
^4Look, here ismy virgin daughter, and his con-
cubine. Let me bring them out to you. Have
W-iKH p.Tn:'i 6 V)pu;b bîi/JKH inK
your pleasure of them, do what you like with

them; but don't do that outrageous thing to this -IV hb^bri-b^ r]:l-^bbvn'^^_ nniK
man." -^But the men would not listen to him, nnwn ni'^y? ^^bv2 r[^nb]u^} ip'sn
:
so the man seized his concubine and pushed her nns bB^\^ npnn nus"? nu/Kn K'nni ~>^
out to them. They raped her and abused her all
night long until morning; and they let her go

when dawn broke.
-'^Toward morning the woman came back;

and as it was growing light, she collapsed at the
d-d Meaning ofHeb. uncertain: emendation yields "to my home",

cf. V. 29.
e I.e.. the concubine,
f-f I.e., "with ui. 562

—
NEvi'iM JUDGES 20.7 D n"'UQi\:7 D-'K^nj
entrance of the man's house where her husband nln'71 nj^Q^'i npiiin n^JiK np^^ 27
\<V-
was. '7When her husband arose in the morning,
he opened the doors of the house and went out
'^V n^Ti niiri nns hbii^ Wyh'>p
to continue his journey; and there was the
woman, his concubine, lying at the entrance of
the house, with her hands on the threshold.
-riK n^_i^ lrT'5-'7K Knî29 -.mpr^b
28"Get up," he said to her, "let us go." But there
was no reply. So the man placed her on the don-
key and set out for home. 29"When he came
home, he picked up a knife, and took hold of
his concubine and cut her up limb by limb into riK'b nnK-irk'p'i nrrrirkV hTpKi
twelve parts. He sent them throughout the ter-
ritory of Israel. ÔAnd everyone who saw it cried

out, "Never has such a thing happened or been
seen from the day the Israelites came out of the
Q : nmi
land of Egypt to this day! Put your mind to this;
take counsel and decide."
20 Thereupon all the Israelites —from Dan r[i:jr[ b'r]^^ni'bi<.')p^^ ^n-bf'iK:^'') ^

to Beer-sheba and [from] the land of Gilead yiKT ynu; nK^myi np"? nnx u;"'K3
marched forth, and the communit)^ assembled
iny:'n;''!2 :n3y)3ri mn^-'7K iv'p^n
to a man before the Lord at Mizpah. 2A11 the
bri^:i bk'W'> 'unu; â nvC^'â nia3
leaders of the people [and] all the tribes of Israel
presented themselves in the assembly of God's
people, 400,000 fighting men on foot. — ^The IP^jn ^n \v)2\u'>} 3 a : nnn tqVu; ^bri
Benjaminites heard that the Israelites had come

up to Mizpah. « —The Israelites said, "Tell us, : nwri nynn nn:'nj r[2'>K nnT bk'W'!
how did this evil thing happen?" 4And the Le-
vite, the husband of the murdered woman, re-
plied, "My concubine and I came to Gibeah of

Benjamin to spend the night. 5The citizens of
i?3'i ''niK r\b'h n;'5rT-nK ''bv ibdî
Gibeah set out to harm me. They gathered
against me around the house in the night; they
TnKT6 :n')prii ^^v û/^b'^sj-nKi nn^
meant to kill me, and they ravished my concu- nT[.U7-'7D2i nnÛ7KT nnnjKl "'^^'p"'?^
bine until she died. ^So I took hold of my con-

cubine and I cut her in pieces and sent them
through every part of Israel's territory. For an
outrageous act of depravity had been commit-
ted in Israel. ''Now you are all Israelites; produce
a plan of action here and now!"
a This sentence is continued at v. 14 below.
563
NEVi'iM JUDGES 20.8 3 D"'UD1U; D^K->a3
^Then all the people rose, as one man, and

declared, "We will not go back to our homes, :ln"'n'7 W>K ~nDJ i<b^ i'^hk'? u/'^k •q'7j
we will not enter our houses! '^But this is what
we will do to Gibeah: [we will wage war] against
n-iu/jK nntf/y ^Jni?"?! lo : "^nin rf^y
it according to lot. 'oWe will take from all the
r\ipy\ bk'W'', •'unu; i b-^b nkjab
tribes of Israel ten men to the hundred, a
hundred to the thousand, and a thousand to
the ten thousand to supply provisions for the n'7n3n-'7D3 p^jn ynA'7bKln'7 nwvb
troops — ''to prepare for their going to Geba in
Benjamin'' for all the outrage it has committed
in Israel." "So all the men of Israel, united as
one man, massed against the town. '-And the
riK'Tn ny-jn r[y;i "i'J^k'? ])3^jn ""unu;
tribes of Israel sent men through the whole
-riK "ijn nnvT^ :D3^ nn^m iu;k
tribe"^ of Benjamin, saying, "What is this evil
thing that has happened among you? '^Come,

hand over those scoundrels in Gibeah so that UK iib^ "tk-ju/^p nyn niynji an-'njT
we may put them to death and stamp out the -••jn an^riK b\'p:i vh'^b ]jp^jn [*''jn]
evil from Israel." But the Benjaminites would

not yield to the demand of their fellow Israelites. nnynAn nnvn-]?? i^p^n-in iddk;'") 14
'^So the Benjaminites gathered from their

I'^Knw-' Tirinbr^h riK^^
''J3-DV
towns to Gibeah in order to take the held against
the Israelites. '5''On that day the Benjaminites
c|Vu; u;iK iq^K r[ww^ DnU/y "'iVi^'?
mustered from the towns 26,000 fighting men,
vyjj Tip|nn r^vî^Vi ',?W''JP "f;i^° ^nn
mustered apart from the inhabitants of Gibeah;
700 picked men 'ôf all this force —700 picked n-fn nvn 1 b-^p^^ mnn ^^t^. nmn
men — were left-handed. Every one of them Ir^^'i-T -lUK mnn U/'iK niK)3 vimj
could sling a stone at a hair and not miss. '"The k'?! n-jywn-'^K ]nK3 vb'p rrf-'^D
men of Israel other than Benjamin mustered

400,000 fighting men, warriors to a man. '^They
v^ti uz-'K q'pK niKD yniN Ib^^^P '^'^b
proceeded to Bethel and inquired of God; the
^bv'>^ iwpî is : npn'pn iz/'ik nr'73 nin
Israelites asked, "Who of us shall advance first
to fight the Benjaminites?" And the Lord re-
plied, "Judah first." ''^So the Israelites arose in

Tiy^nbr^h n^nnn ij^-n^y;' 'p birw^
the morning and encamped against Gibeah. 7['v\7['^, mn"" "DpK""! ]p;'jn ">n-DV
20The men of Israel took the field against the np:!? '^K-it:;''-'^ inip^T '^'
:n'7nnn
Benjaminites; the men of Israel drew up in battle Q :nvnan-'7V ^^0!")
order against them at Gibeah. -'But the Ben-

jaminites issued from Gibeah, and that day they
-bK rMr^nbn bi'r^w'>-MJ'>i(. dhk linvi
struck down 22,000 men of Israel.
nynAn-]n in^jn-'jn iKyi-i :ny3:in
/>/» Fmendiilion yieldi "for those who go to reijiiitc (iiht-iih WW Kirin DT'n '7K"i\:;"'3 irr'ni:/''"!
c Heh. plural
d Meaning of parts of n: IS and /ft uncertain.
a'na kVi unp » /.«

564
NEVi'iM JUDGES 20.33 3 a"'UQlU7 DiK^nJ
22Now the army —the men of Israel — rallied Tiivb ^Qpî ^Knu;^ u^^K nyn pmn'>^ 22
and again drew up in battle order at the same

place as they had on the first day. 23For the Is-
lan^T '7Knu;"'-'n ^'7i;='i23 :]i\f7K"!n
raelites had gone up and wept before the Lord
until evening. They had inquired of the Lord,
"Shall we again join battle with our kinsmen the
-av nhnb'Bb hmb rj-'plKri iibx'?
Benjaminites?" And the Lord had repHed,

"March against them." 24'rhe Israelites ad- "'jn-'7K '7K"it^^-'',n inip''i24 q :vbi<,
vanced against the Benjaminites on the second I

ip^n Ky:'i25 :ij\i7n uv:i ])pin
day. 25But the Benjaminites came out from ''jwri ni'in nynAri-])p 1 anKnp'7
Gibeah against them on the second day and
struck down 18,000 more of the Israelites, all of
them fighting men.
iK'n^l uijri-b:^) bk'W'>\:rb^ '\b)7^_26
26Then all the Israelites, all the army, went
up and came to Bethel and they sat there, weep-

ing before the Lord. They fasted that day until
^bKVJ'')27 -.-nrn^ ijp'p D^pû/i nlby
evening, and presented burnt offerings and
offerings of well-being to the Lord. 27The Is- nnn ]lnK nuj) nrn^:^ '^K-itp^-'jn
raelites inquired of the Lord (for the Ark of "lii Dm''Qi"28 ',urir{ wp^'^. D''n'7Kri
God's Covenant was there in those days, 28and
D''p^5 vipb I ipv pnK-]n nty^K
Phinehas son of Eleazar son of Aaron the priest
riKY^ lii; ^v'\K'r[ 'i'nKb "'ann
ministered before Him in those days), "Shall we
'7^nK-nK ''iiK ])p^p-'jn-DV nr^nb^^b
again take the field against our kinsmen the
Benjaminites, or shall we not?" The Lord an-
:"^Tn ^:i;i^\i<> "in)p '3 ^bv mn^ "inKî
swered, "Go up, for tomorrow I wiU deliver nyn^rT-'7K nî'iK ^b^'W'' nmj^
them into your hands." 'jn-b'K '7K"lU;^-'n 1^^:1130 Q :nniD
29Israel put men in ambush against Gibeah nynAn-'7K i3"iv!!l ''p^b\ijri uv'2 ip^n
on all sides. 30And on the third day, the IsraeHtes nKnpy])p^n-^jn ikyi'i 31 : dvq^ dvq?
went up against the Benjaminites, as before, and
ni3ri'7 I'pn^T T'vri-])^ ipnjn nyn
engaged them in battle at Gibeah. îThe Ben-
hi^ppB Dvan I nyp^) ti"''?^n nyn)?
jaminites dashed out to meet the army and were
nnvnA nnKl '^'K-rfn nb'v nnK '^^\bi^
drawn away from the town onto the roads, of
which one runs to Bethel and the other to

Gibeah. As before, they started out by striking m^b an n^mj ip^p ^n n)pk'i32
some of the men dead in the open field, about noijj npK bi<,'^\u'' \n^ r[2\ui<>'^:i^
30 men of Israel. I b^) 33 : ni^p)pri-'7K 'T'yn-])3 imi?n;i^

32The Benjaminites thought, "They are being
routed before us as previously." But the Isra-
elites had planned: "We will take to flight and
draw them away from the town to the roads."
33And while the main body of the Israelites had
565
NEVi'iM JUDGES 20.33 D D"'UQ1U; •'K^J
moved away from their positions and had in'pnn n^^^ î^'l^'' Î'kt inn
drawn up in battle order at Baal-tamar, the Is- nynA^ *iym ik'^^t >• : ynr nnynn
raelite ambush was rushing out from its posi-
tion at Maareh-geba.'' -^•'Thus 10,000 picked

nyjir"'3 ivt k"? brn n-jna njpnb'Tarn
men of all Israel came to a point south of
-riK I mn'' t^pv^-^ q ^nynn nri'^bv
Gibeah, and the battle was furious. Before they
'7K"it:7-' 'jn'iiT'nu;''"! '7K-1U;-' 'jp'? ]n^J3
realized that disaster was approaching, ^Hhe
Lord routed the Benjaminites before Israel.
That day the Israelites slew 25,100 men of Ben- IK-)""! -'<^
:n"i.n qVu; n^K"'73 ^"'k hkpt
jamin, all of them fighting men. -'^Then the Ben-
jaminites realized that they were routed.^ Now "i\^K nnKn-"?!; inun •'3 ]'n''nb bipn
the Israelites had yielded ground to the Benja-
minites, for they relied on the ambush which

they had laid against Gibeah. '"One ambush
:n-in-'3^ -i^];n-'73-nK
quickly deployed against Gibeah, and the other
ambush advanced and put the whole town to
the sword. niKn-nv bi<.']\i;i u/^k^ T^^n iviâni 38
^8A time had been agreed upon by the Israelite ]n^jm nnn'7>33 bi<.'îi;i-\LJiK 'iBr\'!î')
men with those in ambush: When a huge col-
bK'iiu'>-'[u'>K:i W'bbn nisn"? '"^nn
umn of smoke was sent up from the town, -''^the
Israelite men were to turn about in battle. Ben-
:nju;K-in nnnV)33 ipjq^ nih
jamin had begun by striking dead about 30 Is-
raelite men, and they thought, "They are being

routed before us as in the previous fighting." nbv n^rn in^nx ])3^J3 id^t ]u;y imv
loBut when the column, the pillar of smoke, be-
gan to rise from the cit;', the Benjaminites nvAr-is HK-i ^3 ]n;'J3 u/^n "^nn""! T|Qri
looked behind them, and there was the whole b'K-jU;-' u/'iN "'Jd'7 ijaîvi: iny-in vbv
town going up in smoke to the sky! -"And now
inrii7"'3in n?pn'7Drn ~i3"i?3rT î.^-'^k
the Israelites turned about, and the men of Ben-
: I3in3 iniK a*'ri"'nu;n nnynn -ii^nt
jamin were thrown into panic, for they realized
nrnjn insn-in ])3^n-nK nn3-«3
that disaster had overtaken them. ^-They re-
treated before the men of Israel along the road : u;?3u;-n-iT?3n n:;2^n n^: iv in3mn
to the wilderness, where the fighting caught up
with them; meanwhile those ''from the towns ''
were massacring them in it. •'^'They encircled
the Benjaminites, pursued them, and trod them

down (from) Menuhah to a point opposite
"
e Emendation yieldi "ivo/ n/ Gihcuh. aiin- ^^K nciâ
/ So many Heb. mss. ami Targum: most ma and the cthlions read
'opposite.
g This sentence is continued by v. 45.
h-h Meaning of Heb. uncertain; anendation yiettb "i/i the town'

(I.e.. Gibeah I
Meaning of verse uncertain.
I
566
NEVi'iM JUDGES 21.7 X3 D"'UQ1U7 D-'K''aj
Gibeah on the east. 44Xhat day 18,000 men of

Benjamin fell, all of them brave men. 45Xhey
turned and fled to the wilderness, to the Rock
of Rimmon; but [the Israelites] picked off an-
other 5,000 on the roads and, continuing in hot

: uz-iK wpbK ^my2 13""! DViriv Vnnx
pursuit of them up to Gidom, they slew 2,000
more. 46Thus the total number of Benjaminites DnU/y ]p^J3n n"'^Q3n-'73 'tt^t^^
who fell that day came to 25,000 fighting men, Kinri al='3 inn ^b'\u \u''k tq'pK nii^nrn.
all of them brave. '^^But 600 men turned and

fled to the wilderness, to the Rock of Rimmon;
they remained at the Rock of Rimmon four
months. 48Xhe men of Israel, meanwhile,
maî ]p^jn '^^"^><
^"^W ^^'W'^ ^"'^l
^^
turned back to the rest of the Benjaminites
and put them to the sword —towns, people, niKynjn nnyrt-'73 u^
cattle —everything that remained. Finally, they
xyjpan-'^s
set fire to all the towns that were left.

Q :u;Kn ^nb\u
21 Now the men of Israel had taken an oath n|!Y)33 y3U7J î<'^'^'' ^^K1 INw
at Mizpah: "None of us will give his daughter ]'ninb inn ]n''-i<b i3)3)p uz-'k 'i'i2Kb
in marriage to a Benjaminite."
-.'n^JKb
2The people came to Bethel and sat there be-
fore God until evening. They wailed and wept

bitterly, ând they said, "O Lord God of Israel,
i3n''i nîp M<m u^ribKri \^^b nnyri
why has this happened in

'>ribK mn;" nibh n?pK'i3 -Miy. ""pi
Israel, that one tribe
must now be missing from Israel?" 4Early the ni7Qn^ '^^K-jt^rî riKT nn:'ri bk'w-^,
next day, the people built an altar there, and ^'>ri'<}^ :TnK unu; '^xnu/^?? uvn
they brought burnt offerings and offerings of n3TJ3 nuz-^n"! ayn i)3''3U7''i nnnnp
well-being.
5The Israelites asked, "Is there anyone from

nbv-Kb nu7X ^n bk'^p^, \n innK"! 5
all the tribes of Israel who failed to come up to

"•"s n'in''-'7K bK'^p^ 'unuz-'^s^p bri^^'i
the assembly before the Lord?" For a solemn
oath had been taken concerning anyone who

did not go up to the Lord at Mizpah: "He shall
be put to death." ^The Israelites now relented vnK ])p^33-'7K bk']p'' 'J3 ^?3n|'i6
toward their kinsmen the Benjaminites, and : bi<,'^\um iriK uniy uvr[ via: npK^'i
they said, "This day one tribe has been cut off
from Israel! ^What can we do to provide wives
DH^-nri ''r\b:ib nhri^î ijy.^^J ^JnjKi
for those who are left, seeing that we have sworn
by the Lord not to give any of our daughters
to them in marriage?"
567
NEVi'iM JUDGES 21.8 KD DÛQIU; D^K^nj
SThey inquired, "Is there anyone from the

tribes of Israel who did not go up to the Lord i<b mnV HQ^nn mn^-'^K ribv-i<b
at Mizpah?" Now no one from Jabesh-gilead
had come to the camp, to the assembly. '^For,
buz-pK mni Dyn ii7.Qri''V' :'7nj7n
when the roll of the troops was taken, not one
of the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead was present.
'oSo the assemblage dispatched 12,000 of the
'7"'nri 'Jsp \ij'>i<. c]^K '^\u);-u^'W nivn
warriors, instructing them as follows: "Go and -riK nn^srn id"?" "ir^Kb nniK ii^'^l
put the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead to the

sword, women and children included. ' 'This is nDT-'73 wvn nu/K "inin nn 1
1 : f]urn
what you are to do: Proscribe every man, and
every woman who has known a man carnally."
y^-iK lijh^ ^:i\uv't2 ikv^îj^
\u'>:ii 1
'2They found among the inhabitants of Jabesh-

gilead 400 maidens who had not known a man
carnally; and they brought them to the camp
at Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan."

'-^Then the whole community sent word to
the Benjaminites who were at the Rock of

Rimmon, and offered them terms of peace. ^jn^l i<.->ri'ri nvs jp^Jii nu^"-] n :ni'7u;
'^Thereupon the Benjaminites returned, and iv% \i;'2i wm vn -]WK u^vjiiri nrib
they gave them the girls who had been spared
:]3 urib IKYn-K"?!
from the women of Jabesh-gilead. ''But there-
were not enough of them.''

pQ mn^ ntf/y-^3 ]PV^^ °P^ ^V-^") ''
i^Now the people had relented toward Ben-

jamin, for the Lord had made a breach in the
tribes of Israel. '^So the elders of the community
asked, "What can we do about wives for those .bK']\u'')2 un\i7 rTnn"'-k'7i ]r;i^nb
who are left, since the women of Benjamin have Dû/j Dn^-nn^ '73^3 i<b ^^nii<^ ii*
been killed off?" '^Por they said, "There must

idk'7 '7K"!t^"'""'n lynu/J-ia irninn
be a saving remnant for Benjamin, that a tribe
may not be blotted out of Israel; '**yet we cannot
give them any of our daughters as wives," since
the Israelites had taken an oath: "Cursed be any-

nniTp ^'^K-JT'n'? njiD2f>3 ii^n nn-in^
one who gives a wife to Benjamin!" ri-D^p '7K-n"'3p nVyn nbvnb u/Dwn
'^They said, "The annual feast of the Lord :min'7'7 nîin^
is now being held at Shiloh." (It lies north of
Bethel, east of the highway that runs from Bethel
DK niim'nrT>K-|1î :D'')3"I33 DnniKT
to Shechem, and south of Lebonah.)
'OSo they instructed the Benjaminites as fol-
lows: "Go and lie in wait in the vineyards. 2iAs
a I.e., west of the Jordan, while Jabesh-gileaJ is ant ol the lordan.
568
NEvi'iM JUDGES 21.25 K3 D''UQ1U; D-'K-'IJ
soon as you see the girls of Shiloh coming out

to join in the dances, come out from the vine-
yards; let each of you seize a wife from among

the girls of Shiloh, and be off for the land of Ben-
Ik nninx iK'n^'^s njnis: :])p^n
jamin. 22And if their fathers or brothers come
^^\pK^ ir'7K i nn^ nn"? nn''nK
to us to complain, we shall say to them, ''-'Be
generous to them for our sake! We could not

provide any of them with a wife on account of
the war, and you would have incurred guilt if D :in\z7Kri nvs
you yourselves had given them [wives].'"-'' u^\iJ2 ^Kti/"! ])b^n 'Jin pnt:7yiV3
-3The Benjaminites did so. They took to wife, ^^2b''^ ^bn -iu;k nl'7'7n?3ri-]7p nnsp^p^
from the dancers whom they carried off, as
nnyn-riK m"! n^nr'7K ^-^.^m
many as they themselves numbered. Then they
went back to their own territor)-, and rebuilt
']\2:ipb U7^x Kûri nv:? bK-\\u''
their towns and settled in them. -^Thereupon
the Israelites dispersed, each to his own tribe : in^nj"? U7^K u^)2 my"! innsu/p'pT
and clan; everyone departed for his own ter- u/^K '^Knu/^n q'pTp ]iK Dnri D"'p^:a25
ritor\\
^5In those days there was no king in Israel;
ever\'one did as he pleased.
nb'iy Kmn bi<.b nbTin ub\^2^ nn
).8 wm 618 lEJon bvj u^>p^vsr] mso i'. 25.
569
K bslft^C
1 SAMUEL
1 There was a
Zuphites,-" in the
man from ''Ramathaim
hill countr\' of Ephraim,
of the D^piy
anh^-]n
D^n)p-irT-]7p
r[2\?bi^'
inx
î2]Lj^
iz/^k ^^\^^
nnQK
K -in)?
whose name was Elkanah son of Jeroham son \b) 2 : ^n-jp]^ n^^'P inri-]n Kiri"'^K-]n
of EHhu son of Tohu son of Zuph, an Ephra-
n^jii^n Dur") nan nnx up u^]u2 ^np
imite. -He had two waves, one named Hannah
pK nan^^ wib'^ niJ?"? •nî njjs
and the other Peninnah; Peninnah had chil-
dren, but Hannah was childless. -"^This man used îTVp wnn \ij^k'r[ n'pyv^ '^''1^''
to go up from his town ever)' year to worship nyi'^b n'nr'pi h"innu;n'7 ny^^'p] \ n^p^n
and to offer sacrifice to the Lord of Hosts at ^3Qn '^vm 'ju; u\u^ rib]u2 niKny
Shiloh. — Hophni and Phinehas, the two sons -.'nyn^b D^jn'^ omsi
of Eli, were priests of the Lord there. mjD'7 ]riJi njj^b'K niiT"! i'-n inî'i
40ne such day, Elkanah offered a sacrifice. He n-inum
:nlj)p n^jn-'?^'?^ mvjii
used to give portions to his wife Peninnah and
nan-nK '3 "'Sk nnx m)p ]n^ nhnb^ 5
to all her sons and daughters; -^but to Hannah

nnpyî^ :nnni iad mn"') nriK
he would give one portion ''only — though-''
Hannah was his favorite — for the Lord had nAD-'3 *n)pyin mnyn oys-QA nnn^
closed her womb. 6Moreover, her rival, to make r^2^j nvjvi pv :njpn-! lyn mn""
her miserable, would taunt her that the Lord ]3 n\n^ n^33 nji"?:; îp niu/:?
had closed her womb. '^-This happened-^' year nnK^Ts :'73Kn Kb^ n33ni mpV3n
after year: Even.' time she went up to the House mn nw^K nJi^'px n^
hnî ^snn njp"?
of the Lord, the other would taunt her, so that
"pjN K^bn ^nnV vi;' riizb) "''ppkn i<b
she wept and would not eat. ^Her husband El-
:n"'J3 nnU;y)3 "^b nlu
kanah said to her, "Hannah, why are you crying
and why aren't you eating? Why are you so sad? nriKT Tibp"! n'73K nnK nin ai^rii 9
Am I not more devoted to you than ten sons?" -'7V Kp3n-'7y ni^''' insn ^'^yi nnu;
9After they had eaten and drunk at Shiloh, \u^2nnn K"'m "^ nin^ b^^ri nnm :
Hannah rose.'' —The priest Eli was sitting on inni 11 n3nn nbni nin''-'7V '^'panriT
:
the seat near the doorpost of the temple of the ni^-j-QK nikny mn^ n?pKni -in:
Lord. — 'oin her wretchedness, she prayed to
-i<b^ '^Jn"i3n "^njp^^ "'JV3 1 nK^ri
the Lord, weeping all the while, 'And she i
made
nU71JT '-1
I'. 6.
a-a Heb. "Ramathaim-zophim." In 1.19. 2.11, 7.17, 15.34, 19.18,
etc, the town is called Ramah; and 9.5 ff. shows that it was
in the district of Zuph.
c-c Lit. "Thus he did."
"
d Septuagint adds "and stood before the Lord.
571
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL ,11 K K '7K1)3\:; DiK-inJ
this vow: "O Lord of Hosts, if You will look
upon the suffering of Your maidservant and v'ln 'P"'"'73 n)n^b vr\n2^ "'u/jk
will remember me and not forget Your maid-
servant, and if You will grant Your maidservant
mn^ •'jq'7 '7'7QnrT'7 nnnin ""s n^m '^
a male child, I will dedicate him to the Lord

for all the days of his life; and no razor shall ever
nb^p) niV3 ri'^n^w p-]T\ib-bv n-iîn
touch his head."
i2As she kept on praying before the Lord, Eli -.'n'i'Dpb 'bv nnwnii ypi^^ i<b
watched her mouth. '-''Now Hannah was pray-
ing in her heart; only her lips moved, but her mn lyrri'^ :'T''?V'? ^^""^^ ^TV'?
voice could not be heard. So Eli thought she was
drunk. ''Eli said to her, "How long will you
•u/prnK '^"'p^ i<b ~i3W")
"n'su/K") i"";*.")
make a drunken spectacle of yourself? ''Sober

:mnT
^2^b "qnpK-nK inrT'7K "^ ^2^b
up!"-'' '5And Hannah replied, "Oh no, my lord!
I am a very unhappy woman. I have drunk no
have been
u'\bujb "'p'7 "inK""! •'bv iV"."!
'' :n3n"TV
wine or other strong drink, hut I
pouring out my heart to the Lord. '^Do not take

your maidservant for a worthless woman; I have ^niiQu; K^^pn "inK'ni '« nravJ? n^Ku;
only been speaking all this time out of my great b'2i<n^ na-ii^ riwi!^^ "^bn) 'T'J"'vn ]n
anguish and distress." ^"Then go in peace," said '
npin i)33u;:!T '^ nw nb'vri-iib n^jQi
Eli, "and may the God of Israel grant you what
-bK ixn;"! inu;;""! nin^ "•ja'p iinnu/"!
you have asked of Him." 'f*She answered, "You
nn)p-in Drr"?
are most kind to your handmaid." So the wo-
man left, and she ate, and was no longer down-
cast. iÊarly next morning they bowed low
before the Lord, and they went back home to •"s bkmp i)3u;-nK KnprTi ]3 "rb^ni
Ramah. r^2\?bi< vj-^KTi '7i;j'.T2' rTin^K^ nin^n

Elkanah knew/ his wife Hannah and the Lord D-'p^n nnrriK rrp^b nnT"? in"'^-'?^'!
remembered her. -^Hannah conceived, and at
kb mnp: n-i-irnxi
n-!)pK-^3 nn'^y
the turn of the year bore a son. She named him
nxiJT T'n'Knni nv^n bm'> iv \i\uî<.b
Samuel,^ meaning, "I asked the Lord for him."
2iAnd when the man Elkanah and all his house-

iiiun 'U/v nu/^K nî^'^K nb "inK""! 23
hold were going up to offer to the Lord the an-
nual sacrifice and his votive sacrifice, 22Hannah
did not go up. She said to her husband, "When
the child is weaned, I will bring him. For when
he has appeared before the Lord, he must re-
main there for good." 23Her husband Elkanah

said to her, "Do as you think best. Stay home
until you have weaned him. May the Lord fulfill
17.
e-e Lit. "Remove your wine from you.
f Cf. note at Gen. 4.1.
Connected with ihi'nl me'el "asked of God": cf^-^ i~ ,'"-'^

g
572
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 2.4 n Kb^Kinty 0^X133
''His word."-'' So the woman stayed home and rrJ^-riK pr^\^ nw^ri n^^ni nn*i-nK
nursed her son until she weaned him. :lri'K nbm-iv
24When she had weaned him, she took him Dnsn m^m -i\i7K3 nipv ^n'7yn"!24
up with her, along with '-three bulls,' one ephah
]>'] "rnji h)?!? nriK nrj-'XT h\Lfb\L;
of flour, and a jar of wine. And ''though the boy
nyj "^VIOi ^b\u mn-'-rr'n inxirn.
was still very young,'' she brought him to the
House of the Lord at Shiloh. 25After slaugh-

"iV|n-nK wnî "i3n-nK iunu;''T25
tering the bull, they brought the boy to Eli. 26She
my lord! As you live, my lord,

said, "Please, I nb nD)3i7 nny^n nî^xn -"jk ""jik
am the woman who stood here beside you and njn iv^n-'^K 27 tnin^-b'K bb^nrib
prayed to the Lord. 27it was this boy I prayed
for; and the Lord has granted me what I asked
•pJK DAI 28 ^^bKUJ nU/K
:1)3V5?
of Him. 281, in turn, hereby lend/ him to the
Lord. For as long as he lives he is lent to
Quj innu/"! T^)p''b b'\K\LJ Kin
the Lord." And they'^' bowed low there before
the Lord.
D :r[^r^^b
^ And Hannah prayed:
My heart exults in the Lord;

«! have triumphed-" through the Lord.
''-I gloat'' over my enemies;

I rejoice in Your deliverance.
2There is no holy one like the Lord,

n'ln-'? u;1"ti7-pK2
Truly, there is none beside You;
']nb:i ]^K >p
There is no rock like our God.
:ij"'ri'7K3 my ]''ki
3Talk no more with lofty pride.
Let no arrogance cross your lips! nnn; nri-2:f. nnin i2iiri-'7K3

For the Lord is an all-knowing God; DD-'QTp pny ky;'
By Him actions are measured.
4The bows of the mighty are broken,

And the faltering are girded with strength.
n-inn nn'm^ n\u]?,4
It-h Septuagint and 4QSam^ (a Samuel fragment from Qumran) :'7''n nTK u'b\Lj22^
read "the utterance of your mouth. " The translators express
their thanks to Professor Frank M. Cross, Jr., for graciously
making available to them copies of his unpublished Samuel
fragments,
i-i Septuagint and 4QSam' read "a three-year-old [cf Gen. 15.9]
bulland bread"; cf. v. 25.
j From the same root as that of the verb rendered "asked for" in
V.20.
k Heb. "he": cf 2.11. A reading in the Talmud (Berakhot 61a)
implies that Elkanah viâs there.
a-a Lit. "My horn is high."

b-b Lit. "My mouth is wide."
573
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 2.5 n K bi<.^r2\^ n-'x-'n^
5Men once sated must hire out for bread; ni)U;j nn^? D"'ynu; ?
Men once hungry hunger no more.

While the barren woman bears seven,
The mother of many is forlorn.
^The Lord deals death and gives life,

n^njpT n^DD r[]n'>f^
Casts down into Sheol and raises up.
''The Lord makes poor and makes rich;

:b:J'>^ Viku; nnm
He casts down, He also lifts high.
8He raises the poor from the dust, :Dpi-i)3-ciK b^B\Dr^
Lifts up the needy from the dunghill,

Setting them with nobles,
Granting them seats of honor.

For the pillars of the earth are the Lord's;
ubr\:i->_ "[ln:3 kddt
He has set the world upon them.
^He guards the steps of His faithful.
But the wicked perish in darkness

For not by strength shall man prevail.
mi'' ^\i/nn n^yu/m

'"The foes of the Lord shall be shattered;
:u;"'Kn3P nbn k'^-id
He will thunder against them in the heavens.
The Lord will judge the ends of the earth.

Tinnn innn inn^ 10
nin-'
He will give power to His king,
ny-i^ umw:^ vb:; ^bv
'"And triumph tO' His anointed one.
y-iK-ipQN ]'>ii nyn"!
']'2br2b T'y-]nT|
iiThen Elkanah'' [and Hannah] went home to
Ramah; and the boy entered the service of the Q :1mU;)p nj7. DTI
Lord under the priest Eli.
'-Now Eli's sons were scoundrels; they paid nvlri'i in^n-'?:; nnnin n:ipbK ~\bi^ n
no heed to the Lord. '-^This is how the priests
^biJ 'JSTiK nin'i-nN nnu/p n]ri
used to deal with the people: When anyone
brought a sacrifice, the priest's boy would come
-riK ^v-^^l i .-mn""
was boiling, '-ând he would thrust it into 'the
cauldron, or the kettle, or the great pot, or the '7\:7n3 in3n lyj k3t nnt nlT \:;"'k
small cooking-pot;-'' and whatever the fork :ni3 w^wr[-\ub\u y^bm^[^ ~iu/3n
brought up, the priest would take away /on it. '
iK nn^'ipn Ik iTin Ik 11^33 nsm h
This was the practice at Shiloh with all the Is-
^^bmri n'py^ "iu/n V3 -itis3
in'3n nj?""
raelites who came there. ''[But now] even be-

n\u D^K3n bkiin-i-b^b iwy^ n33 i3
fore the suet was turned into smoke, the priest's
nb'nrT-nK ]MVp'< Dnu3 da'^ :Tibv;2
boy would come and say to the man who was
c-c Lit. "And nitl raise the Iwni of."

d See note k at 1.28.
e-e These vessels have not been distinguished predsely.
"
f-f Targiim and Scptmigint add 'for himself.
574
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 2.27 3 K^Kiniy Q-'K^33
sacrificing, "Hand over some meat to roast for nm niin \!j'>^b hnKi iriBn lyj i kiii
the priest; for he won't accept boiled meat from
you, only raw." iÂnd if the man said to him,
\LJ'>kri V^K IpK'''! 16 : 'H-DK '''2
^^"2)2
"Let them first turn the suet into smoke, and
then take as much as you want," he would reply,
inn nny '3 k"? -^b i "ipKi tju/qj mxri
"No, hand it over at once or I'll take it by force."
i^The sin of the young men against the Lord riKjpn 'nrn. 17 : ni7Tnn "'nn;?^ k^-dki
was very great, for the men treated the Lord's •B mn"' 'JS-nK iKp n'7nA anyîn
offerings impiously. mn^ nnj)3 riK a-'ii/jKn iykj
:
isSamuel was engaged in the service of the -iyj mn^ "'JQtik nnipp '7Kid\z;i is
Lord as an attendant, girded with a linen ephod. '\b-n\ijvn Pi? hivm 19 :i3 nlQK nun
i^His mother would also make a little robe for
nn^pT I w-n^-D 1^ nn'pyri"! i?3k
him and bring it up to him every year, when
nnr-riK nni^ nuz-'K-nx nni'?^^
she made the pilgrimage with her husband to
offer the
kanah and
annual sacrifice. 20Eli
his wife, and say,

would
"May the
bless El-
Lord -]p W ^^ mn"" "uiui h)3K"i "irwuK
grants you offspring by this woman in place of bK\u "i\z;k r[bi<.\ijr[ nnn nwrr hifkh
the loan she made to the Lord." Then they nin^ npD-^3 21 :i?p'p)p^ ^^^Cî nin*'^
would return home. 2iFor^' the Lord took note 1^\\Ij^ n"'3n-n\y'7u; •^hr\^ irrrn. nan-riK
of Hannah; she conceived and bore three sons
D : mn;'-DV ^Kin\z; -ly^n b^_y.''^ nljn
and two daughters. Young Samuel meanwhile
grew up in the service of the Lord.
"l\^K"'73 nx y)pU7"l IKp ]J7.T '^V122
22Now Eli was very old. When he heard all

-iU7K riKi hk'^p'>-b'2b vn ]wy'!,
that his sons were doing to all Israel, and how bviK nnQ nlKn'yri D"'u;^ri-nK \in3U7"'
they lay with the women who 'performed tasks-'

at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, 23he said -riK vnu7 '3JK nu7K nz-Kn nnn^?
to them, "Why do you do such things? I get evil •.nbK QvrT-'73 riKu d-'VI Q^nnT
reports about you from the people on all hands.
"lU/K ni73pii7ri nniu-K'i'7 '3 'J3 "^k 24
24Don't, my sons! It is no favorable report I hear
-DK25 :mn"'-Dy nnni/jp VTci\iJ ^3jk
the people of the Lord spreading about. 25lf a
DK") a"'rT'7K i'p'pDT U/"'K^ \u^K Kun^
man sins against a man, the Lord may pardon'
him; but if a man offends against God, who can iib) '\b-bbBr\'> ^p Vj^k-Kva^ nin*'^
'obtain pardon' for him?" But they ignored

their father's plea; for the Lord was resolved bix] ii^n bkm\i; "iy^ni26 tnrr'pn^
that they should die. 26Young Samuel, mean-
while, grew in esteem and favor both with God v^K nnKî ''bv~bi<, D''r1'7K-i:7''K ki^t 27
and with men.

n''3-'7K in'''7AJ n'7Ajn nin-" n)3K ns
27A man of God came to Eli and said to him,
"Thus said the Lord: Lo, I revealed Myself to
g 4QSam' and Septuagint read "repay."

h 4QSam' reads "And."
i Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
575
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 2.27 n K "^KIWU; n-'K-'nj
your father's house in Egypt when they were

subject to the House of Pharaoh, 28and I chose
them from among all the tribes of Israel to be
nKpb ni'up "i"'upn'7 innTTD-"?!/ ri']bvb
My priests — to ascend My altar, to burn in-
-'73-nK ^""nK JTin"? mnxT 'jq^ t1qk
cense, [and] to carry an ephod.' before Me — and
^TinTn luyriri nrpb '-'^ -.
'^Kitp^ •'jn ""wk
I assigned to your father's house all offerings
-riK i,?3nT pyj? 'ri"'^,V "^Wi^ "'J^njnm
by fire of the Israelites. 29Why, then, do you
''-maliciously trample upon the sacrifices and
offerings that I have commanded?*^ You have mnTDKJ ]3^-^<' :"')3v'? bi<.^^^7'> nam
honored your sons more than Me, feeding on TT'nT ^^n"'n 'n"l)3K 1173K ''7K-1U/"' TI'^K
the first portions of every offering of My people r[^\:J^ ub'wiv ^jq"? i3'7nn^ •^'jik
Israel.' -^"Assuredly — declares the Lord, the
n^DK 'Tn5n-'3 •'b n'p'''7n nin^nKJ
God of Israel — I intended for you and your fa-
^nviijl ^''i^^ Q"'P? n3n3i .^b\?^', n"m
ther's house to remain in My service forever.
But now — declares the Lord — far be it from

Me! For honor those who honor Mc, but those
I
who spurn Me shall be dishonored. -^'A time is li^T n^n^-K'pi '^K-juz-'-nK n'u''"û;^f
coming when I will break your power and that

of your father's house, and there shall be no el- ^'rVTiK nl^D"? 'nnrn Dvn "^b
der in your house. -^-You will gaze grudgingly'"

at all the bounty that will be bestowed on Israel,
nwK nikn ^^"nn34 :n^\u:ii<. imn^
but there shall never be an elder in your house.
33»-I shall not cut off all your offspring from My
]n3 ''7 ^n'wpm 3? : nrr'ju; ima^ nn^
altar; [but,] to make your eyes pine and your
spirit languish, all the increase in your house nti/v^ 'u/DJ^T ^^:^b:\ '^]P^^ TPÎ^J
shall die as [ordinary] men.' 34And this shall "js^ "n'^nrirTi ])3kj rri^ \b ""n^ni
be a sign for you: The fate of your two sons hniiirT-'73 n^ni36 : n"'?3^rT-'73 "•rr'U/n
Hophni and Phinehas —they shall both die on

rip3 nnnK^ ^b ninnu/n'^'KinT "^n^nn
the same day. '-'•And I will raise up for Myself
nnK"'7K K3 ""jnap nnxT n'7"i33")
a faithful priest, who will act in accordance with
D :Dn'7-nQ '73k'7 mjinsn
My wishes and My purposes. I will build for him
an enduring house, and he shall walk before My
anointed evermore. ^Ând all the survivors of
your house shall come and bow low to him for
the sake of a money fee and a loaf of bread, and

shall say, 'Please, assign me to one of the priestly
duties, that I mav have a morsel of bread to eat.'"
; Here a device for obtaining oracles (cf. 14.3; 23.6, 9-12), not a
garment as in v. Iti above.

k-k Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields 'gaze [cf.
Septi4agintl grudgingly upon the sacrifices and offerings which
I have commanded" (connecting ma'un with 'oven, "keeping
a )ealous eye"; see I Sam. IS.9); cf v. 32 and note m below.
I See IT. ;5-;6.

m Cf note k-k aboxr.
— "
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 3.14 1 K b'KinU; Q-'K-'nj
w^ Young Samuel was in the service of the 'JqV nini-riK nn^^^p b^mp "ly^ni ^
Lord under Eli. In those days the word of the
Lord was rare; prophecy was not widespread.
20ne day, Eli was asleep in his usual place; his
eyes had begun to fail and he could barely see.

h'^ribif^ -|J13 :nlK-!^ b^v i<b nin?
3The lamp of God had not yet gone out, and
temple of the Lord
nin"" b^'^nii ^2\lj bKm\Ij^ np") nnu
Samuel was sleeping in the
where the Ark of God was. ^The Lord called out
to Samuel, and he answered, "I'm coming." ^He y^l)5 :-'j;in "upKî '7Kinu7-'7K mn''
ran to Eli and said, "Here I am; you called me." "inK^T ^b nK"ii7-'3 ijjn "idk^'I "'^v'^k
But he replied, "I didn't call you; go back to D :n3wn "q^n nDu; 2.W 'nKni^-K^p
sleep." So he went back and lay down. Âgain
Di?!','! "bi<,m\i7 nly Khp nin*' qo'îe
the Lord called, "Samuel!" Samuel rose and
went to Eli and said, "Here I am; you called me."
But he replied, "I didn't call, my son; go back
to sleep." —^Now Samuel had not yet experi-
enced the Lord; the word of the Lord had not mn-' i^D'''! 8 : nin^nnT vbK n^p nnui
yet been revealed to him. — ^xhe Lord called -'7K q^^'T h\?)^ h'>\ubw:i^bKm\iJ-K-i'p
Samuel again, a third time, and he rose and went

to Eli and said, "Here I am; you called me." Then ^bv nvsh Kn'p mn-' ^bv
'^r2i(^^J ""a
Eli understood that the Lord was calling the

^"^K Knp"'-DK h^rn nû; '^lYbK^pb
boy. 9And Eli said to Samuel, "Go lie down. If
you are called again, say, 'Speak, Lord, for Your
servant is listening.'" And Samuel went to his

:1nip)pn nsu;""! bkmp
place and lay down.
lOThe Lord came, and stood there, and He 12 'î'l^bi<.mp "ijok""! bMi^^; i bi<,m\i;
called as before: "Samuel! Samuel!" AndSamuel -^K np"' ink"! 11 Q :"^PV ^.p^
answered, "Speak, for Your servant is listening." bK-ipiii "ini nt^v '3JK mn bkm\i)
iiThe Lord said to Samuel: "I am going to do
:T'jTK invj nj\^Yn 1i;pu;-'73 nu/K
in Israel such a thing that both ears of anyone
-^73 riK ibv-bi<. n-ipK wnn Di^n 12
who hears about it will tingle, ^^n that day I
:nb2) bnri in-'n-b'K ""riinT -iu;k

will fulfill against Eli all that I spoke concerning
his house, from beginning to end. 'Ând I de-
clare to him that I sentence his house to endless

punishment for the iniquity he knew about nvû/j ]2b'\ 14 : nil njip kb) vi:i hnb
how his sons committed sacrilege "at will"
and he did not rebuke them. iÂssuredly, I swear
concerning the house of Eli that the iniquity of

the house of Eli will never be expiated by sacri-
fice or offering."
a-a Meaning ofHeb. uncertain. Septuagint reads "against God.
577
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 3.15 J K "^KIJDU; •'N-'nj
'SSamuel lay there until morning; and then

he opened the doors of the House of the Lord. nnnn Ki^ '7Kinu;T mn-'-n-'n nln^T
Samuel was afraid to report the vision to Eli,
'6but Eli summoned Samuel and said, "Samuel,

npK"! ""jn bi<.m\LJ "iipK''"! hi<.m\ij
my son"; and he answered, "Here." '''And [Eli]
asked, "What did He say to you? Keep nothing

from me. ''Thus and more may God do to
l^-ntz;v? n3 ''m)2 iriDn Kr'7K
you-'' if you keep from me a single word of all

that He said to you!" '^Samuel then told him i^"i^?1'« :T^^ "i,^"i-"iu;n nnirT-'73)p
everything, withholding nothing from him. 13)3)3 inD i<b^ nnin-'73-nK ^7x1)31:7
And [Eli] said, "He is the Lord; He will do what Tipyn iryn nlun Kin n}r['> 'm^k'^)
He deems right."
'•^Samuel grew up and the Lord was with him:

bi<.m\ij '71P'! 19
1)3V ^l"^ '^V^}
He did not leave any of Samuel's^ predictions
unfulfilled. 20AII Israel, from Dan to Beer-sheba,
knew that Samuel was trustworthy as a prophet "a yn\z; "ik^-iv") ]"i)3 '7K"]tz;:'-'73
of the Lord. -'And the Lord continued to ap- qD'^vi •.nyn'>b K"'nj^ bkmp ])3KJ
pear at Shiloh: the Lord revealed Himself to
4 Samuel at Shiloh with the word of the Lord;

'and Samuel's word went forth to all Israel.
3 :mn"' "inis l^m '7ki)3\^-'7k
^
"Israel marched out to engage the Philistines
ni^nbt^b u^rwubB ni<,ipb''bi<.'^\ij'' ky^t
in battle; they encamped near Eben-ezer, while
ijn D-'rii:7'7QT nryn inxn-'^y ijn;'!
the Philistines encamped at Aphek. 2The Phil-
istines arrayed themselves against Israel; and jiKipb' D"'riu;'?3 i2~!V?l- ^p?^?
when the battle was fought,'' Israel was routed bK'w->, iqA^"! n)3n'7)3rT Vuni bk-i\u'>
by the Philistines, who slew about four thou- niti^n HDiyran id;"! wnpb^ ^2^b
sand men on the field of battle. -"^When the [Is-
^Dyn i<^1^J rU/'iK "•s'pk nv3~ii<3
raelite] troops returned to the camp, the elders
n)2b bk'^\u'> ""jpT n)3K''i hjn)3n-'7x
of Israel asked, "Why did the Lord put us to
nnp3 'nu;'7Q ^Js"? uvn mn-" ijdaj
rout today before the Philistines? Let us fetch
the Ark of the Covenant of the Lord from Shi-

K'nî nln"" nnn ^]i-iK-nK ribwn ir'?K
n'7u;''vi iirn-iK vgiz ijyu;'"'! iJ3-)pn
loh; thus He will be present among us and will
deliver us from the hands of our enemies." -iSo -nnn p-iK nx nm ikU;""! Tib\ij bvn
the troops sent men to Shiloh; there Eli's two
sons, Hophni and Phinehas, were in charge of
the Ark of the Covenant of God, and they
brought down from there the Ark of the Cov-
b-b A formula of ad)uratton.

c Heb. -his.'
a Preceding this, Sepluagini has "In those Jay's, the Philistines

gathered for war against Israel."
578
NEvi'iM 1 SAMUEL 4.17 -[ K bi<.M2\U QiKinj
enant of the Lord of Hosts Enthroned on the

Cherubim.
sWhen the Ark of the Covenant of the Lord
pnx
-'7K nin^-nnn Klia 'n;'i5
entered the camp, all Israel burst into a great
shout, so that the earth resounded. <^The Phil-

-jiK b^nu/'pD ly^^"! " '
Yl^'^ °0^1
istines heard the noise of the shouting and they
wondered, "Why is there such a loud shouting
nvnrin b'\p nn nTpx^'T nynrin "71^
in the camp of the Hebrews?" And when they iVTl D"'1?vn mn?33 nK-rn n'7nAn
learned that the Ark of the Lord had come to "iK-i'v :njn)3n-'7K Kn nin"" ]inK -"a^
the camp, ''the Philistines were frightened; for -bK u^ribK Kn npx 12 u^npb^ri
they said, "God has come to the camp." And Tjn^n Kb ^3 "i^b -"Ik n^pKî njn)2n
they cried, "Woe to us! Nothing like this has ever
•'p îb 'IKS .rivjbp bmni^ riKTs
happened before. ^Woe to us! Who will save us
from the power of this mighty God? He is the
same God who struck the Egyptians with every

nyn-nK n^pi^ri n^fibi^ri nn n'pK
kind of plague in the wilderness! '^Brace your- vri) ip-TnrirT9 :-inT)3? n3?3-'7Dn
selves and be men, O Philistines! Or you will
become slaves to the Hebrews as they were

slaves to you. Be men and fight!" lOThe Philis- qâ^'T "'JiU/^D IWn^^Tio :Dri)3n^J1
tines fought; Israel was routed, and they all fled
vbriKb \u^k idpt ^bi<.'W->
n3?3rT '>'^\n^
to their homes. The defeat was ver\' great, thirty

tq^K u^pbvj bk']\u'''n^b'B'') iKn n'îia
thousand foot soldiers of Israel fell there. "The
-"n 12m nj^'pj "'rT'7K pIKTii :^b).l
Ark of God was captured, and Eli's two sons,
Hophni and Phinehas, were slain.
:DnrpT \J3n ^nr2 ^^bv
12A Benjaminite ran from the battlefield and

reached Shiloh the same day; his clothes were
rent and there was earth on his head.^' i-'When -^y :i\ij'^ '>bvn^n^ Nln^"!i3 :iu;Kn-'7V
he arrived, he found Eli sitting on a seat, waiting
beside the road — his heart trembling for the Ark
of God. The man entered the city to spread the

news, and the whole city broke out in a cry.
iÂnd when Eli heard the sound of the outcry
ll^nn b'\\? nn n3pk='i ni^y^n 'îp'riK
and asked, "What is the meaning of this up- :"''?V^ f^!'"!

>^'^r-
"''^^ ^^^K^) ™n
roar?" the man rushed over to tell Eli. iSNow
Eli was ninety-eight years old; his eyes were fixed \ij^kr[ "iTpK'^'i 16 :nlK-i'7 b'\y kb) ttd'Jp
in a blind stare, i^xhe man said to Eli, "I am •'JKI n5-ii7)3n-ip K^n ^""djk ''bv'bif.
the one who came from the battlefield; I have

-n)p i)pK='i uvri 'npj nD-ii;)3n-i?p
just fled from the battlefield." [Eli] asked,
"What happened, my son?" I'The bearer of the

nsAn DAT wrwijb^ 'Jq'7 ''7K"iu7"' dj
news replied, "Israel fled before the Philistines
c I.e., as a sign of mourning.
579
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 4.17 -I K '7Kinu; n-'K-'iij
and the troops also suffered a great slaughter.
Your two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, are dead,

and the Ark of God has been captured." '^When D"'n'7KrT ]1"]K-nK li^'STna
i
•n"'! i«
he mentioned the Ark of God, [Eli] fell back-
ward off the seat beside'' the gate, broke his neck
and died; for he was an old man and heavy. He
had been a chieftain of Israel for forty years.
'7K"jt^;'TiN uDu; Kini inî u/^kh
'•^His daughter-in-law, the wife of Phinehas,

was with child, about to give birth. When she VD\ur\]"nbb niri onrQ-nu/K in^Di 19
heard the report that the Ark of God was cap-

tured and that her father-in-law and her hus- -•'3 ihn^ ynpni ri\LJ'>i<) Ti^-nn nm
band were dead, she was seized with labor pains,
nnin nvDT2o :rTny n^by issm
and she crouched down and gave birth. -OAs she
lay dying, the women attending her said, "Do
not be afraid, for you have borne a son." But
she did not respond or pay heed. 2iShe named
the boy Ichabod, meaning, "The glory has de- D-'n'7KrT linK hpbn-bK '^Knt^^n iin3
parted from Israel" — referring to the capture of Tins nb^ "iKJKnvi ini^^KT n^nn-'^KT
the Ark of God and to [the death of] her father-
in-law and her husband. 22"The glory is gone

from Israel," she said, "for the Ark of God has
been captured."
^ When
Ciod, they brought
the Philistines captured the
it from Eben-ezer to Ashdod.

Ark of n
-The Philistines took the Ark of God and
brought it into the temple of Dagon and they
in3u;:'1 3 : ]in "^YK in'K ia^'y;'"! ]liT rfn
^ct up beside Dagon. Êarly the next day, the
it
Ashdodites found Dagon lying face down on the

vi^b bp} ]iji-i mm nnnjap bniiu/K
L;round in front of the Ark of the Lord. They
]iiiTiK \npi) mn"' ]inK •js'? hyhk
picked Dagon up and put him back in his place;
'but early the next morning, Dagon was again nY"iK vipb b^2 ]lA"r n^m hirupn
lying prone on the ground in front of the Ark nlQ3 I ''F^\u^ ]1at u/k'-it n^r\^ p"iK ^^^b
of the LoRO. The head and both hands of Da- iKWj pi ]riQ)3n-'7K 'mm3
]'\n vii
gon were cut off, lying on the threshold; only
-^31 pj-j •'in'3'i3-iT-k'7 ]2-bv'^ -.vb:;
"Dagon's trunk was left intact."^ -""That is why,
inu;iS3 ]ln ]ria?p-'7V in-i-n""? D-iNnn
to this day, the priests of Dagon and all who en-
ter the temple of Dagon do not tread on the
threshold of Dagon in Ashdod.
a-a Meaning of Heb. iinccrtmn.

NEvi'iM 1 SAMUEL 6.3 1 k'7K1)3U; n^K^nj
^The hand of the Lord lay heavy upon the

Ashdodites, and He wrought havoc among i1i\^K-nK nnnun a^'ôyn bn"K ^_)
them: He struck ''-Ashdod and its territory'' -"3 -ti^\f7K-'u;jK iKn^v :n'''7inrnKi
with hemorrhoids. ^When the men of Ashdod
saw how matters stood, they said, "The Ark of
the God of Israel must not remain with us, for
His hand has dealt harshly with us and with
'J1P"'73-nK °1QpK!"! inÛ/^ls :1J"'rl'7K
our god Dagon." ^They sent messengers and as-

sembled all the lords of the Philistines and ]in^; nD"" m nnk^î bk'iiu'' 'rr'7K ]1-ik^
asked, "What shall we do with the Ark of the ^ribK ]l"iK-nK ^noî '^Knu/'' •'TibK
God of Israel?" They answered, "Let the Ark of inK i3pn I nnK ^f\i) 9 d : hK'W'i
the God of Israel be removed to Gath." So they
moved the Ark of the God of Israel [to Gath].

9And after they had moved it, the hand of the
Lord came against the city, causing great panic;
He struck the people of the city, young and old, Kln3 'nî pnpy Q^'ri'^Kn piK-riK
so that hemorrhoids "broke out-« among them. n-'hpvri ^pvv) pnpi; b"'r1'7Kn pnK
lOThen they sent the Ark of God to Ekron. But bk'W'> -'Tibi^ Ti"i>f "riK ''^k ^îvn 'irzi^.b
when the Ark of God came to Ekron, the iQpK""! ^r[b]u'>^n pjay-nKT "'Jn-'pn^
Ekronites cried out, "They have moved the Ark ^rlbp wrwub^ 'j")p-'73-nK
npK'^'i
of the God of Israel to us to slay us and our kin-
inpnb nu7p ^b^'yiu'! '>ribi^ P^k-jik
dred." iiThey too sent messengers and assem-
bled all the lords of the Philistines and said,
"Send the Ark of the God of Israel away, and

T "t'Kn nn33 -i-'vn"'?;^? nijp-nninp
let it return to its own place, that it may not slay inn-k'? "IU7K bi\^jKrii 12 :du; n''rf'7Kri
us and our kindred." For the panic of death per- '^''vrl n)jW '7VJ?"! ^''^'nun d^'^qvi isn
vaded the whole city, so heavily had the hand
of God fallen there; iând the men who did not
die were stricken with hemorrhoids. The outcry
of the city went up to heaven.
\J The Ark of the Lord remained in the ter- wrwub^ n"T.\£73 mn^-p-iK ""nî ^
ritory of the Philistines seven months." 2Then a-inu/^Q iK-ipiv :n''U7']n nynu;
the Philistines summoned the priests and the npvrrTD ijbx'? D"'jn3'7
b•'^ppl?^^
diviners and asked, "What shall we do about the
liinû/j n?33 ijviln nin^ Pl^f^
Ark of the Lord? Tell us with what we shall send
it off to its own place." ^They answered, "If you
b-b Meaning ofHeb. uncertain. Septuagint reads differently from

ourHeb. text; it also mentions mice swarming in the Philistine
ships and invading their fields. Cf the mention of "mice" in

6.4, 18; and the note at 6.1.
a Septuagint continues "and mice invaded their fields"; cf vv. 4,
5, 18, and note at 5.6.

581
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 6.3 1 K bi<.^)2\l; wk-'^:
are going to send the Ark of the God of Israel
away, do not send it away without anything; you TK DWN l"? in"'u;n nwn-'a ni7n
must also pay an indemnity to Him. Then you rv mon-k'? dd^ iKQnn
n)a'7 vy\y\
will be healed, and ''He will make Himself
known to you; otherwise His hand will not turn
away from you."'' -^They asked, "What is the
indemnity that we should pay to Him?" They

nnr nnpv nii/jprri nnj înu ^"73^
answered, "Five golden hemorrhoids and five

:DDij-ip'7i nb:;b nriK nm)p-'3
golden mice, corresponding to the number of
lords of the Philistines; for the same plague DnnjT yiKH-riK rfnu/rarr nin^^v
struck all of you"-' and your lords. SYou shall
make figures of your hemorrhoids and of the

: DDYIK bvm bvm D3"''7i7)p
Q3"'n'7K
mice that are ravaging your land; thus you shall
n:n3 nu;K3 DDnn^-riK nn3n r\r^b-\ <^
honor the God of Israel, and perhaps He will

"1U;K3 kl'7rT D3'7TIK nViQT "'1^73
lighten the weight of His hand upon you and
your gods and your land. ^Don't harden your
hearts as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened ^T\w^ nriK nu/in rh'xv lu/yi inp
their hearts. As you know, when He made a bv UT[''bv n'?V"^'^ "^W^ ^"i'^V ^'^"'7'
mockery of them, they had to let IsraeUgo, and nn'n-'iyri"! n^î^n ninsn-riK nrnpKi
they departed. "Therefore, get a new cart ready
Dnnp'?^^ :nrT'3n nnnnKn DrfJ3
and two milch cows that have not borne a yoke;
r\byvT\-bi^ in'K nnnjT nin-" ]l"iK-nK
harness the cows to the cart, but take back in-
du;k 1^7 Drin\i/n nu/K nn-Tn '>b'2 1 jiki
doors the calves that follow them. ^Take the Ark
of the Lord and place it on the cart; and put
in'K nnn'pu/i liyp n-ixn ^n^pn
next to it in a chest the gold objects you are pay-
ing Him as indemnity. Send it off, and let it go nvy^-nK ^:b nu/i; Kin wau; n^2.
its own way. '^Then watch: If it goes up the road iib -"B 1JV1?") k'r-nKT nkTn n'^nan
to Beth-shemesh, to His own territory, it was
He who has inflicted this great harm on us. But
ni"i3 "'nu; ifip"") ]3 bû/JNn ^wv''^ "'
if not, we shall know that it was not His hand

i'73 Dn^jn-nKT rh^v^. npK;'"! ni"?!;
that struck us; it just happened to us by chance."
-bK mn-i ]i"iK-nK inu/în -^^'^'^
'"The men did so. They took two milch cows
and harnessed them to the cart, and shut up nriTri nnpv •Hki rnxn hkt T^b}V^r\
their calves indoors. "They placed the Ark of miQn nnii^Tii: :Drin'nu ""n^Y jiki
the Lord on the cart together with the chest, rifiK n'7D)33 ^yzMj ir-^ ti-it"?!/ •^-yi'i
the golden mice, and the figures of their hem-

orrhoids. '2The cows went straight ahead along
the road to Beth-shemesh. They went along a
single highroad, lowing as they went, and turn-

ing off neither to the right nor to the left; and
hb Or "utiJ you will ktww why Hi> luiiul wnuU nut turn awuy 1 tthn
from you." Meaning of Heh. umertain.
c Heb. 'them.'
382
"
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 6.21 1 k'7K1?3U7 n^K^lJ
the lords of the Phihstines walked behind them

as far as the border of Beth-shemesh.
i-'The people of Beth-shemesh were reaping
their wheat harvest in the valley. They looked
jlnxn-riK ^ki='t n-'rvriK ikU/^t
up and saw the Ark, and they rejoiced ''when
they saw [it].-'' i^The cart came into the field
of Joshua of Beth-shemesh and it stopped there.

up n"?pyrn. '"'u/Tpii/nTT'n yu/ln"' nntz;
They split up the wood of the cart and presented n%vn 'YV'nx ivp^^T n'7nA ]nK u^j^
the cows as a burnt offering to the Lord. A large V :mn"'^ nb'v i^yn nlisn-nKi
stone was there; 'ând the Levites took down -nKT n)r[i piK-nx nnin nî^m 1
15
the Ark of the Lord and the chest beside it con-

taining the gold objects and placed them on the
large stone. Then the men of Beth-shemesh pre-
nvn nrnnT ^nmi"! nl'f'V i^yn u/nii;
sented burnt offerings and other sacrifices to the
Lord that day. i^The five lords of the Philistines
D-'nu7'7D"'j"ip n\F)pm 16 -.nrn^b wnn
saw this and returned the same day to Ekron.
i^The following were the golden hemor- in-'u/n -\\LJK nn-Tn n'nu n^K'ii7
rhoids that the Philistines paid as an indemnitv' iriK liiu/K^* nin"'^ upK u^rwijb^
to the Lord: For Ashdod, one; for Gaza, one; iriK mb inK ]'\b\?\iji<.b iriK nTy"?
for Ashkelon, one; for Gath, one; for Ekron,
nn-Tn nn^vi'^ ^ :"in>^ V'^.'pvb
one. iSeAs for the golden mice, their number
n^ji2nb u^rwub^ nV"'^? "^^^^
accorded with all the Philistine towns that
belonged to the five lords —both fortified towns

and unwaUed .'-villages, as far as-/ the great
h^bv in-'^rr -iu;k n^nan *b2K 1 "tv'!
stoned on which the Ark of the Lord was set
down, to this day, in the field of Joshua of •.'pi2\iJri-n->'2. vp'\r['!
Beth-shemesh.
i9[The Lord] struck at the men of Beth-
shemesh because ''-they looked into the Ark of
ri^Ti-^:? nijn i'^bkh;'! ^^k ^bK
the Lord; He struck down seventy men among
liyjK npKî 20 : n^n; nan dv3 nyn"!
thepeople [and] fifty thousand men. -''The peo-
nrn^ î^b -imb b:2V ^n U7)pu7-n"'3
ple mourned, for He had inflicted a great
slaughter upon the population. -OAnd the men

of Beth-shemesh asked, "Who can stand in at-
tendance on the Lord, this holy God? And to inu/n n?3x'7 nny^-nnp ^:ipv-bi<,
whom shall He go up from us?" 2iThey sent

mû; mi:^3 nn^ky-in Mb\u T>n nnâ v. 17.
messengers to the inhabitants of Kiriath-jearim
"PK" nnx noua v. is.
to say, "The Philistines have sent back the Ark
d-d Septiiagint reads "As they met it."

e Meaning ofv\'. 18 and 19 uncertain in part.
f-f Emendation yields "villages, as witness there is."
g Reading 'eben ivif/i some Heb. mss., Septiiagint, and Targum,

most mss. and editions 'abel, "meadow [?].
h-h Force of Heb. uncertain.
583
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 6.21 T K '7K1?3U; D-'K-'^J
of the Lord. Cômc clown and take it into your in'K ibyn ni nlnT ]inK-nK n"'nu;'7D
7 keeping." 'The men of Kiriath-jearim came

and took up the Ark of the Lord and
in'K mnî nin^ ii"iK-nK ~i'7y:'i I
brought it into the house of Abinadab on the
iJ3 -iTv'^K-nK") nvnA3 nirnx n^n-'7K
hill; and they consecrated his son Eleazar to have
charge of the Ark of the Lord.
-A long time elapsed from the day that the any-' nnpn piKn nnu; nvp ^n-^) 2
Ark was housed in Kiriath-jearim, twenty years nw Dnu/v T'H""! n^t^ri in")"')
in all; and all the House of Israel "yearned after" D .ny['> nriK bi<-)\u-' ri''n-'73 inpi
the Lord. Ând Samuel said to all the House
of Israel, "If you mean to return to the Lord
with all your heart, you must remove the alien
gods and the Ashtaroth from your midst and

n"in;'-'7K n^nn"? iJîrn ninnu/vn")
direct your heart to the Lord and serve Him
alone. Then He will deliver you from the hands
of the Philistines." lAnd the Israelites removed
the Baalim and Ashtaroth and they served the
Lord alone.
^Samuel said, "Assemble all Israel at Mizpah, :nin^-'7K D31V? "^^sriKi nnsyân
and I will pray to the Lord for you." ^'They as-
sembled at Mizpah, and they drew water and
poured it out before the Lord; they fasted that
UQif/"! r\yn^b ^jKun u\lj n?3K='i
day, and there they confessed that they had
sinned against the Lord. And Samuel acted as
:nQy733 b^-îu^ ""Jri'riK b^mp
chieftain of the Israelites at Mizpah.
7When the Philistines heard that the Israelites wn^jb^-i^'ir? ^bv'!^] nriQYTan b^-îu^
had assembled at Mizpah, the lords of the Phil- iK-i;'1 bk')\i;i in ^VDm bi<,-i\i;i-bi<.
istines marched out against Israel. Hearing of bK-^vji-^n nnK^'v^ -.UTWubB ^jqq
this, the Israelites were terrified of the Philis-
-bK pvm ^m-D u;-irin-'7i< '^KiDW-b'K
tines 'ând they implored Samuel, "Do not ne-
glect us and do not refrain from crying out to
:D^nu7'7Q i^n mW"^ "irribK ^^^^>
the Lord our God to save us from the hands

n'7yT iriK ^.bn nbv bkm\u nj?""]'*
of the Philistines." ^Thereupon Samuel took a bt<,m\LJ pvv) nyn^b '7-''73 nb'iv ^nb:;1^
suckling lamb and sacrificed it as a whole burnt imnT injy;'T bkiiui ny^ nin-'-'^K
offering to the Lord; and Samuel cried out to DTiu;'73i nîyn r[bvy2bi<,m\u 'n'»"i i"
the Lord in behalf of Israel, and the Lord re- I

rTirf Dy-i;'") 'tkiuz-'b n)3n'7?3'7 iwaj
sponded to him. "For as Samuel was presenting
I
the burnt offering and the Philistines advanced

to attack Israel, the Lord thundered mightily
against the Philistines that day. He threw them
into confusion, and thcv were routed bv Israel.
a-a Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
584
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 8.7 n K bK^^\U D^K^nj
iiThe men of Israel sallied out of Mizpah and

pursued the Philistines, striking them down to
a point below Beth-car. -]'>^ um nriK inK bkm\u nipn. 12
'^Samuel took a stone and set it up between

Mizpah and Shen,'' and named it Eben-ezer:'
"For up to now," he said, "the Lord has helped

us." i^The Philistines were humbled and did not
invade the territory of Israel again; and the hand
of the Lord was set against the Philistines as
long as Samuel lived. '^The towns which the 'bK^\LJ''b I '7K"!t^^ nk)3 D-'riu/'pQ-inp'?
Philistines had taken from Israel, from Ekron b-'^n ]b^'^rnk^ nriyi pnpV'?
to Gath, were restored to Israel; Israel recovered yi^ u']b\u <r\^) u'^rwub^ to "^k-iu/t
all her territory from the Philistines. There was
also peace between Israel and the Amorites.
isSamuel judged Israel as long as he lived.
i6Each year he made the rounds of Bethel, Gil-
nnoi nj\i73 mu; ^^.p T|^m 16 : v^n
gal, and Mizpah, and acted as judge over Israel -riK UDU/T n|Y)3rTi b^%r[) bk-n^:^
at all those places. i^Then he would return to tn^KH nl?plp?3ri-'73 nx bk'Wf

Ramah, home was there, and there too
for his uvj) lri"'5 D^""'? nrDpnrr innu/ni 17
he would judge Israel. He built an altar there

to the Lord.
Q ^.r[^r^1b
8 When Samuel grew old, he appointed his

2The name of his
n
sons judges over Israel. first- lJ3-D\i7 ^n^) 2 : ^K-IU/^"? WV^VJ VJBTIK
born son was loel, and his second son's name wv^vj mK ^ri^m nyj) bkv hl^nn
was Abijah; they sat as judges in Beer-sheba.
i3mn Vjn I3'7n-K'7i3 :i7nu7 iki-i
3But his sons did not follow in his ways; they
in'U7-inp^T yyiri nnx luî v^-ji^
were bent on gain, they accepted bribes, and
they subverted justice.
4A11 the elders of Israel assembled and came -^K IK'n^l bK-îlJi ""JpT ^3 iy3i7n;'T4
to Samuel at Ramah, 5and they said to him, "You mn vbK nnK^'Ts :nnp"]rT b^mp
have grown old, and your sons have not fol- njiv ^\?"TI? "i?"^!? kb ^'bi njpT nriK
lowed your ways. Therefore appoint a king for :nîArT-'733 ^Jp3u^^ Tjb'p Mb-nt^w
us, to govern us hke other nations." f'Samuel
all
njpK iu;k3 bkmp ryn nn^n ynn 6
was displeased that they said "Give us a king to
bM)2]iJ '7^^?ri='T iJusu;'? ^br^ iJV-njn
govern us." Samuel prayed to the Lord, ând
the Lord replied to Samuel, "Heed the demand
-'7K mn^ nuK'^'v q .•mn^-'7K
of the people in everything they say to you. For

-nu7K '73'7 uvn bipn vnu; bkmv;
it is not you that they have rejected; it is Me they
b Otherwise unknown; perhaps identical with "feshanah"; cf.
Septuagint; also 2 Chron. 13.19.
585 <: I.e., "Stone of Help."

NEvi'iM 1 SAMUEL 8.7 n N '7K1DU; D-'K-'^:
have rejected as their king. ^Like everything else

they have done ever since I brought them out D"'tz;i7'an"'733 « .'on'^bv 'q'7)3W loxn
of Egypt to this day — forsaking Me and wor- nn^ran nn'K '>nbvri'nv)2 lu/y—iu;k
shiping other gods — so they doing you. are to
n-'n'7K nny;"! "•j^tv;'."! r^k^[ uvri-iv)
9Heed their demand; but warn them solemnly,
nnv"!'^ :'^'7-na uwv nran p nnriK
and tell them about the practices of any king
who will rule over them."

loSamuel reported all the words of the Lord
to the people, who were asking him for a king.
11 He said, "This will be the practice of the
king who will rule over you: He will take your
sons and appoint them as his charioteers and "^'?'3n uQU/p n^n;" nt "inKî 1
"i)^>< '
horsemen, and they will serve as outrunners for
his chariots. '-He will appoint them as his chiefs

:iri33-)n ^:^b iy-jt vu/nani innBiDn
of thousands and of fifties; or they will have to
plow his fields, reap his harvest, and make his
and the equipment for his chariots. nw^jb) in^Yj? 'i'^pb) iu/nn \z;~in'?"i
weapons
i3He will take your daughters as perfumers, -nKii3 :133-! ^b2^ lnnn^n-"''73
cooks, and bakers. '^He will seize your choice
fields, vineyards, and olive groves, and give

-DKT DD^nllUZ-riK"! 14 :nl3K'7T
them to his courtiers. isHe will take a tenth part ]njT n^nlun ^-'ir'n D^-'a-i?
ni?""
of your grain and vintage and give it to his eu-
]n3"i nu/y;' D?"'niDi DD^yin 1.^ :T'i3y'7
nuchs and courtiers. K^He will take your male
-riKi^DDnnvTiK") 16 :T'-ini7'7i T'onu'p
and female slaves, your choice "young men,"
D"'nlun Dpninn-riKi DD'-nlnpu;
and your asses, and put them to work for him.
i"He will take a tenth part of your flocks, and :in3K'7p'7 nu/VT ni?"" Dninn-riKT
you shall become his slaves. i^The day will come
when you cry out because of the king whom you
yourselves have chosen; and the Lord not
myy^'pi U2b nrnnn iwn Ds'^n
will
answer you on that day." DDHK mn^

:Kinri Dl^n
i^But the people would not listen to Samuel's
bi<,m\ij b^p:i li^^ûb Dvn ^JKip^v^
warning. "No," they said. "We must have a king
:ir'7y n-'.n"' q'7n-DK ^3 i<b iinK'""!
over us, 20that we may be like all the other na-
our king rule over us and go out at iJUQU/T n^Bn-'733 ijnjK-Di ij-i^rn-o
tions: Let
our head and fight our battles." - 'When Samuel -riK Dnb'jT irjQ'7 kyî i33'7n
heard all that the people said, he reported it -73 riK bi<.^'np vpi^^V' :ijrinn'7n
to the Lord. 22And the Lord said to Samuel, D13T} "'"'^^
D -.urn-' ""JiKS dV-?
"Heed their demands and appoint a king for
them." Samuel then said to the men of Israel,

-bi<, b^m^v inK"! -\br2 nn"? n3'7nm
"All of you go home."
a .^^''vb WK ^^2b bK-îu^ ""U/jk
"
a-a Septuagint reads "cattle.
586
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 9.11 U K ^7X1)31:7 D-'K-'IJ
^ There was a man of Benjamin whose name

was Kish son of Abiel son of Zeror son of
ymj^ p7P^J:;iJp pn^-pn u/ik-'h^t U
-]3 nnl3ii-"[3 "ii"]^"in '^K-'nK-in \z;-'j7
Becorath son of Aphiah, a Benjaminite, a man n^ri-i'71 2 :

^7^^ -il3A 'Pp;' ^^'^"^ n-ipK
of substance. 2He had a son whose name was
\:7^K ]\K"i niuT mnn ^"71x^7 Dpu/i ]i
Saul, an excellent young man; no one among
the Israelites was handsomer than he; "-he was
:nyn-'73jp nna
a head taller-« than any of the people.
30nce the asses of Saul's father Kish went
astray, and Kish said to his son Saul, "Take along
one of the servants and go out and look for the -riK u/p ^
mj7"i nny^np ipK-riK
asses." ''He passed into the hill country of
i^v;'! nnQK-nnn ini;''i4 :njnKri
Ephraim. He crossed the district of Shalishah,
-ynKn nnv!""! ^KY)p vh\ nu;'7U7-pKn
but they did not find them. They passed through
the district of Shaalim, but they were not there.
They traversed the [entire] territory of Benja-

min, and still they did not find them. sWhen
they reached the district of Zuph, Saul said to \xh :\Kn"! niJhKri-])3 ""nK '7'in::-]3
the servant who was with him, "Let us turn back, n^ys b"'rf'7K-W"'K Krmn l'? "inK^îe
or my father will stop worrying about the asses Kin -inT—iu;k ^73 nii3J ^^K:r\, nwrr
and begin to worry about us." ^But he replied,
\b T'r îîK D\i7 n3^j nny î^^
"There is a man of God in that town, and the
man is highly esteemed; everything that he says
V-'K^ K"'nrn)?f'q'7j mni \^v;b b^k^
comes true. Let us go there; perhaps he will tell
us about the errand on which we set out." ^"But "I'-K nni\:;rn 1^^73)3 bm bn^n '3
if we go," Saul said to his servant, "what can we iqD'^"! 8 :^jriK nn a-'rT'7KrT u;"'k'7 K-inn^
bring the man? For the food in our bags is all mn inkî '7iKu;-nK r\\ivb nv^n
gone, and there is nothing we can bring to the U7''k'7 ^^nnji c]D3 "717^7 vnn np kywj
man of God as a present. What have we got?" I n^jab^ njs-i-i-riK \'b 'v\ry\ n"'n'7KrT
8The servant answered Saul again, "I happen to
U7l-1-|'7 in3^3 'U7iKn "l)?K-n3 '7K"1U7^3
have a quarter-shekel of silver. I can give that
•s nK'"iri-ii7 rx^by] i3^ 'rr^K
to the man of God and he will tell us about our
errand." —^fcpormerly in Israel, when a man
:nK'"in D"'J3'7 Kni?;" Dl^n K^^'b
went to inquire of God, he would say, "Come, I n3^ •TJ-inT nlu inyj'? h\K^ "laK'^î 10
let us go to the seer," for the prophet of today U7-'K DU7-1U7K T'Vn-'7K 13'7,''T XX^bl
was formerly called a seer. — lOSaul said to his : t:"'rT'7Kri
servant, "A good idea; let us go." And they went iKYjp niani "i^vn rhvyi'^xi'hv rmi} n
to the town where the man of God lived. \rb npK"! D\)p nKiit"? niKy-' nlnyj
"As they were climbing the ascent to the
town, they met some girls coming out to draw
a-a Lit. "taller from his shoulders up."
b This verse explains the term "seer" in v. II.
587
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 9.11 K "7X1)31:/ n-'K-'nj
water, and they asked them, "Is the seer in
town?" i2"Yes," they replied. "He is up there nnv I "inn '^'js'p mn u;". nnpKTTi
ahead of you. ^Hurry, for he has just come to
n^jb uvn n:?! ""b '^''vh k3 uvr\ '3
the town-' because the people have a sacrifice
at the shrine today. i-Âs soon as you enter the

'7pK-'-k'7 ""s Vdk^ nnnnn nî^^ n-iun
town, you will find him before he goes up to
-nnK nn-in i^nn^ Kin-^B iK^-ny bvn
the shrine to eat; the people will not eat until
inK-'3 ^bv nnv") Q^K-ii^n i'7pK'-' ]?
he comes; for he must first bless the sacrifice and
only then will the guests eat. Go up at once, for
you will find him right away." '"^So they went ^bKmp mm -i^yn "iinii d^k3 n^^n
up to the town; and as they were entering the D :nnnrT n'ibvb nnKni?"? ky'^
town,'' Samuel came out toward them, on his

TiiK Di'' bi<.m\ij ITKTIK nb:^ mm) 15
way up to the shrine.

-injp I ny3 16 :"i'pK'? '7iKu;-Kln ^}^b
i?Now the day before Saul came, the Lord
innu/)3i ])b^J3 y"iK)3 \u^k ^''pK Vi'7u;k
had revealed the following to Samuel: '^^"At this
^)3V-nK y^\i7ini b^-w^, "'âv'^V "T'^^'p
time tomorrow, I will send a man to you from
the territory of Benjamin, and you shall anoint
him ruler of My people Israel. He will deliver :-'|7K '\npvy
My people from the hands of the Philistines; for in^y mnii '7ii5\f7-nK hk-j "^Kinif/i 17
I have taken note of ''-My people,'' their outcry iyy;' m •^''7k ""rripK "iu;k "u/^kh n^n
has come to Me."
:]ln3 "^KiTauz-nx bM<,\u u;pti« .^'bv:i
i7As soon as Samuel saw Saul, the Lord de-
n-'B nj-'K '>b Krninn nwk^T nywn
clared to him, "This is the man that I told you
would govern My people." '^Saul approached
Samuel inside the gate and said to him, "Tell
DnbDKT nmn ^^jq"? nbv HKin ^djk
me, please, where is the house of the seer?"
I'^'And Samuel answered Saul, "I am the seer. Go nniKn niiriK'ppo -.r^b iâk ^nn'73
up ahead of me to the shrine, for you shall eat -HK ti;ri-'7K D"'n^n n\LJbp uvri "^b
with me today; and in the morning I will let you n'inn-'73 ^•'pbi ikydj -"a nn^ -^^.b
go, after telling you whatever may be on your

D iTj-'iN n^3 Vd^pt -q"? Ki'7n '7K-1U;-'
mind. ÔAs for your asses that strayed three days

ipJN 'rn:'"!^ Ki,bn nnk^T "riku; ]vh ^1
ago, do not concern yourself about them, for
they have been found. And for whom is all Israel
yearning, if not for you and all your ancestral n-131 nn'pT ]nm -"ynu; mnBU/n-^Dn
house?" 2iSaul replied, "But I am only a Ben- D :nTn -in-i3 ^'^k
jaminite, from the smallest of the tribes of Israel,
and my clan is the least of all the clans of the
tribe' of Benjamin! Why do you say such things

to me?"
cc EmenJtitwn yields "Hurry, for he has just reached Cattah
kayyom ba, io Septutigint) the gute"; cf. v. IS.
d Emendation yields "gute"; cf. v. /S.
e-e Septuagint and Targum read "the plight of My people": cf
Exod. .1.7.
( //••/'. plural.
"
NEvi'iM 1 SAMUEL 10.2

•>
K '7K1?3U; D'^Kinj
22Samuel took Saul and his servant and

"ini^rnKi îxip-nx ^bK^np ni7='"!22
brought them into the hall, and gave them a blp?p uTjb in^T nn3u;'7 DK^n-'i
place at the head of the guests, who numbered
about thirty. 23And Samuel said to the cook,
"Bring the portion which I gave you and told
ni?3rT-nK nm nivb ^b^mp -i^gk^t 23
you to set aside." 24The cook lifted up the thigh

and .?-what was on it,-^ and set it before Saul. piiFrr-riK nnun wî) 24 ;
r^y^^ p^j-,-^
And [Samuel] said, ''"What has been reserved mn nnK'^T b^k^j ^)^b \
npi) n^b:;?;)
is set before you. Eat; it has been
kept for you ni;1?3^ b2K ']]2pb-u'>\u iKWhn
^p
for this occasion, when I said I was inviting b2i<^^ inKnp ayrr TnK"? ^^-^jdu;
1
the people."-/' So Saul ate with Samuel

that
n'i''i25 :KirTrT di^^ "^kijûz-dv
day. 25They then descended bmvi
from the shrine to
the town, and '-[Samuel] talked with Saul on
the roof :AAn
26Early, at-' the break of day, Samuel caUed îi?'T ^n^n nlî73 ^•^\^^ m2\!j^_)26
to Saul on the roof. He said, "Get up, and I will r^mp^ 'ir2i<b nnri nnb^m-bi<, bi<,mp
send you off." Saul arose, and the two of them, Kin DPTijif; iKyîT b^k\u up^^] ^nû/Ki
Samuel and went outside. 27As they were
he,
rry[73 bn-iv r[j3rj27 :nyinrT bKmp^
walking toward the end of the town, Samuel
said
to Saul, "Tell the servant to walk ahead of us"—
and he walked ahead— "but you stop here a mo-
im nnK) -invi'T m^b -iny;''! lyj^
ment and will make known Q :Q"'rT'7K nn^-riK ^y^DU/K"! 01^3
I to you the word
of God."
10 Samuel took a flask of oil and poured

PV"! ]W^ ^S'-Hk bkmp npî
'
some on Saul's" head and kissed him, and said, "'3 Kl'^rr -lUKî
"The Lord herewith
inp\i7='i iu/kt'^v
^'-anoints you ruler-^' over
His own people. When you leave me today, you
2
will meet two men near the tomb of Rachel in -ny Q"'^JK -lip ^ni<.:^)2^ îm)2 bl^n
the territory ofBenjamin,c-atZelzah,-c
and they
'\'])î^) ny^y -1 ]^^;i -i ^7^3:13 "711-1 ninp
wm tell you that the asses
you set out to look u;pn^ npbri ipK nuhKn ixynj ^''^k
forhave been found, and that your father has mi) niinKPT n:;-i-nK'^''nK \1jv2 nirr)
stopped being concerned about the asses
and n^^rri 3 : ^nb nfe/i/K nn nnK^ b3^
is worrying about you, saying: 'What shall I do
g-g Meaning of Heh. uncertain. Emendation yields "the broad

tail."
h-h Meaning of Heb. uncertain.

i-i Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Septuagint reads "They spread a
bed for Saul on the roof and he lay down. .
At. .
a Heb. "his."
b-b Septuagint and Vulgate read "anoints you ruler
over His people
Israel,and you will govern the people of the Lord and
deliver
them from the hands of their foes roundabout.
And this is the
sign foryou that the Lord anoints you."
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 10.2 k'7K1)3\:; n-'K-inj
about my son?' -^You shall pass on from there "linn p'^K-iv Kî^^"^ ^^^t^) °V^^
until you come to the terebinth of Tabor. There -bi<, wb'v n'>\u2K nwbMj uu^ "îKym
you will be met by three men making a pil-
grimage to God at Bethel. One will be carrying
Dn^ niiaa hu/'û; Kti;j irkt dîj
three kids, another will be carrying three loaves
of bread, and the third will be carrying a jar of

wine. They will greet you and offer you two
:Di^?3 nnp^T Dn^-'nu; -]b ijnji
loaves of bread, which you shall accept. 5After -"iu;k 'rf'7Kri nyÂ Kinn ]3 iriK ?
that, you are to go on to ''the Hill'' of God,

where the Philistine prefects reside. There, as njpnnp nnT b-iK^nj b:in nviD^
you enter the town, you will encounter a band n^rn nib") b'^bm r|n") b2:i nrT'jp'71
of prophets coming down from the shrine, pre-
nin"" nn '^•^bv r^rlb:i^>^ iD^Knjnn
ceded by lyres, timbrels, flutes, and harps, and
npK \iJ^Kb nnsmi njpi; n^njnm
they will be ''speaking in ecstasy.'' ^The spirit
of the Lord will grip you, and you will speak
n^KH nlriKn njK'nn nrKnn '3 n)rn
D'ln'^Kn ID "î.T KYpri iu/k "^b ntz/v "^b
in ecstasy along with them; you will become
another man. "And once these signs have hap-
pened to you, 'act when the occasion arises,-/ •'pnT n'3T'7 nl'^v n'\bvr\b tj-i'^k ly
for God is with you. *Âfter that, you are to go ••Kin-iv "^nin umi nvnw nmbv;
down to Gilgal ahead of me, and will come I
.nvjvn -iu;k nx ^"7 •'nvilm ^''7k
down to you to present burnt offerings and offer
sacrifices of well-being. Wait seven days until
mn^l -ipK :ib u^ribK ^'7^3^:'^ bi<,^r2VJ
I come to you and instruct you what you are
to do next."
D :Kinri 01"^ n^xn ninKrr'â
''As [Saul] turned around to leave Samuel, ^nn n^m nnvnan du; ik3î 10
God gave him another heart; and all those signs nn vb)} n'pi^ni inKipV n^Kn:
were fulfilled that same day. '"And when they ivi1''"'73 ''H'') 1
1 : Dpinn N^jnî dtI'^n
came there, to ''the Hill,'' he saw a band of nîK^rnv mm ik-iî uWbvj 'rmnKn
prophets coming toward him. Thereupon the
"nrnip ihv't'^k u/^n uvri inN''i n^j
spirit of God gripped him, and he spoke in ec-
iDiKinjii '71KU; DJiH wp'inb' n^n
stasy among them. "When all who knew him
DHinK ^m "inK"") nwT2 u/'ik ]y:'i
1^
previously saw him speaking in ecstasy together
with the prophets, the people said to one an- : D'lKn^n b'iKVJ mn bujr2b nr\'>ri ]3'bv
other, "What's happened to i'the son of Kish?-.v'
Is Saul too among the prophets?" '-But another
person there spoke up and said, "And who are
their fathers?" Thus the proverb arose: "Is Saul
too among the prophets?" 'Ând when he
d-d Or "Gibeah.
e-e Others "prophesying"; cf. Num. II.2S and note,
f-f See 11.^13.

'
g-g To refer to a person merely as "the son ben I
( of...' is shghting:
cf. 20.27. 30. 31: Isa. 7.4.
590
1 "
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 10.24 >

K^Kin\:7 D^K^nj
stopped speaking in ecstasy, he entered the

shrine. nljnKn-riK \u^,2b idk^ nnrp'pn
i4Saurs uncle asked him and his servant, :
'7Ki)3U7-'7K nKnî
Klnii ]''k">2
"Where did you go?" "To look for the asses,"
-nrz •'^ KrnTAH b^KUJ lii "inK'n is
he replied. "And when we saw that they were
-bK ^bM<,vj "inx^T 16 : biimw dd^ npK
not to be found, we went to Samuel." i5"Tell
me," said Saul's uncle, "what did Samuel say to
niJhKn iK^pj 'B Mb tah nAn iin
you?" i6Saul answered his uncle, "He just told nu7K '\b inn-iib nD^b'Tan in^-nKi
us that the asses had been found." But he did
not tell him anjlihing of what Samuel had said
about the kingship.
Q bk']\u^, \n-bK I ^^'ni<1^ is : nQYTan

i''Samuel summoned the people to the Lord
pjK bk~W'>, ^TibK nin^ "ipK-ns
at Mizpah iând said to them, "Thus said the
Lord, the God of Israel: T brought Israel out

of Egypt, and I delivered you from the hands
of the Egyptians and of all the kingdoms that DnpKjp uvri unK) i^ tn^riK "'ifn^ri
oppressed you.' '^But today you have rejected nDb? V"'u;i>3 Kinnu/K n5"'ri'7K-nK
your God who delivered you from aU your trou-
bles and calamities. For you said, 'No,'' set up nnyi
'jQyin^fi'nn ^-^bv nîun '^bp-'>3
a king over us!' Now station yourselves before
the Lord, by your tribes and clans."

bi<,-\\u'> 'ynu;-'73 nx bk^^rivj nnpiiiô
20Samuel brought forward each of the tribes
of Israel, and the lot indicated the tribe of Ben-
unu;-nK n%::'!2i :]p^j3 unu; id^^t
jamin. 2iThen Samuel brought forward the

tribe of Benjamin by its clans, and the clan of VJ'''p-]2. bM<,\LJ i^'p"! nujan nnau/^p
the Matrites was indicated; and then' Saul son ily-i'^Ku;''! 22 :i<.^m Kb^ ^nu/pn"'!
of Kish was indicated. But when they looked for -i)pK'^T D u/^K ^bri "fly Knn n)n^:^
him, he was not to be found. -^They inquired
:u^b2r[-bK Ksnj Kin-nan mn""
of the Lord again, .'"Has anyone else come
Dvn "qinn ny^n^T DiFp innp^'TiYnî 23
here?",' And the Lord replied, "Yes; he is hiding
-.ribvm m2wr2 nvri-bîz nnri
among the baggage." --^So they ran over and
brought him from there; and when he took his
*brT'K'in Dyn-'73-'7K bkmp inK^'i 24
place among the people, he stood a head taller
than all the people. 24And Samuel said to the •n^ ^'^r?k'>} nvn-'73 lynî ayn
people, "Do you see the one whom the Lord 3 -^br^^
has chosen? There is none like him among all
nb" -IRK noun v. 19.

the people." And all the people acclaimed him,
nv;Mi n v. 24.
shouting, "Long live the king!"
h So many Heb. mss. and ancient versions. Othermss. and editions

read "to Him.
i Septuagint reads "then he brought up the family of the Matrites
by their men and..."
rQ j-j Septuagint reads "Has the man come here?"
NEvi'iM 1 SAMUEL 10.25 K "^Kinu; D-'K-'nj
25Samuel expounded to the people the rules

of the monarchy, and recorded them in a doc- ^[^p'> 'Jq'7 hpt iqd? nriD^'i n^'^Tan
ument which he deposited before the Loro.
Samuel then sent the people back to their
homes. 26Saul also went home to Gibeah, ac-
companied by ^ûpstanding men ^ whose hearts

God had touched. 27But some scoundrels said, IJV^'^'-nn npK bv^h"! ""ni^; :D3'7n
"How can this fellow save us?" So they scorned

him and brought him no gift. 'But he pretended 3 :\z;nnn3
not to mind.-'
11 Nahash the Ammonite marched up and K''

besieged Jabesh-gilead. All the men of Jabesh-
gilead said to Nahash, "Make a pact with us, and nri-''7K nipK^v :7|pyji nnn iJ,V"^1?
we will serve you." ^But Nahash the Ammonite
nlpJii WDb nnpK hKn 'ji)3vn \z;m
answered them, "I will make a pact with you
on this condition, that everyone's right eye be
gouged out; I will make this a humiliation for wîil ^jpT vbK nnk"!-^ .bi<.'^\u^-b3
all Israel." -^The elders of Jabesh said to him,

O'lpK^)? nnû/ji wrî nynu; ^:b r|iri
"Give us seven days' respite, so that we may send ijn'K V'^pm i"'K-DKi '7K-1U;-' b^:l^ b'2:i
messengers throughout the territory of Israel; nynA b"'pK^)3n wnî-* :"?i-''7k ^jn^î
if no one comes to our aid, we will surrender Mim Di/n -"jTKn Dnn'iri nîi"""! b^k^j
to you." -iWhen the messengers came to Gibeah
of Saul and gave this report in the hearing of
the people, all the people broke into weeping.
n-i.ti;n-]p niîin nnK Kn b^k\u mm ^^
-''Saul was just coming from the field driving

-nspî lan;" '3 ay^-nn bmw "idk^'t
the cattle; and Saul asked,"Why are the people

crying?" And they told him about the situation "riK '\V'i2\LJ2 lyû/n b^kw'b:; u^nbi<.
of the men of Jabesh. ^When he heard these "njp^v :-TKn iQK "in""! n'pKH nnniri
things, the spirit of God gripped Saul and his
anger blazed up. ^He took a yoke of oxen and

°nu7K hnK'p I D"'3K^)3n iin '^k-jw''
cut them into pieces, which he sent by messen-
bi<^mp nriKT ^bM<^\LJ nriK Ky"" iiii^K
gers throughout the territory of Israel, with the
warning, "Thus shall be done to the cattle of any-

one who does not follow Saul and Samuel into
pnn aii??"). « : tfiK \u'>i<2 IKY""! Dyn
battle!" Terror from the Lord fell upon the peo-
ple, and they came out as one man. ^ \
Saul 1 mus- d^3k'7)3"7 nDK""! ->
: r^bi<. D'^vjbvj ^[l^^^'>
tered them in Bezek, and the Israelites num- ly'pi u/i^T W-'k'? li"iJ3Kn n'3 Diknn
k-k In contrast to "scoundrels" (v. 27); umierstundmg Heh. hjyil
as the equivalent of bene hayil, as read by Sepluagtnt and

IQSanf.
l-l Lit. "But he was as one who holds his peace. " Septuagint and
4QSam' read "About a month Liter." connecting with what
follows.
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 12.3 !•' k'7K1J3U; n-'Kinj
bered 300,000, the men of Judah 30,000. ^The D"n3 nnn n^wn DD^-n^nn inip
messengers who had come were told, "Thus
shall you speak to the men of Jabesh-gilead: To-
morrow, when the sun grows hot, you shall be

saved." When the messengers came and told
D :n3''ri;5 nlun
this to the men of Jabesh-gilead, they rejoiced.
lOThe men of Jabesh then told [the Ammon-
ites] , "Tomorrow we will surrender to you, and njrDan-Tilnn iK'n^T b^'iyK") nxLfbvj
you can do to us whatever you please."

iiThe next day, Saul divided the troops into
three columns; at the morning watch they en- :im w^p n^

tered the camp and struck down the Ammonites
inKH 1)2 hkmp-bK byn idk^tis
until the day grew hot. The survivors scattered;
: nrr'KjJT ^m M^biJ ij'pp'' bm\u
""U/jkh
no two were left together.
Dl^n U/^K npT'-K'p b^k\U 1)pK=|1i3
i2The people then said to Samuel, "Who was
itsaid, 'Shall Saul be king over us?' Hand the
men over and we will put them to death!" i3But

Saul replied, "No man shall be put to death this
day! For this day the Lord has brought victory
to Israel."
iD^P'Tis :nDi'7)3n uvj vjjni'^ \^%r[
b^k^j-nK nîi^'^brî) bib:^r[ uvri-b^
i^Samuel said to the people, "Come, let us go
to Gilgal and there inaugurate the monarchy."
n''nnT niiz-^nnTî ^te nin"" i^^b
i5So all the people went to Gilgal, and there at

b^KUJ uvj n)2m nyii ^^^b Dâû;
Gilgal they declared Saul king before the Lord. Q :iK)2-iy '7K-1U;-' ''\:;JK-'731
They offered sacrifices of well-being there be-
fore the Lord; and Saul and all the men of Israel
held a great celebration there.
12 Then Samuel said to all Israel, "I have

yielded to you in all you have asked of me and nnnnK—iu;k '7b'7 n^Vpn ^nvw '^^'^
have set a king over you. 2Henceforth the king

mn nnvi- -'^brz 3"''7i7 '^''b'pK'j ^b
will be your leader.
d5''jq^ "n'pnnp ']bif2n
"As for me, I have grown old and gray —but i
my sons are still with you —and I have been your

leaderfrom my youth to this day. ^Here I am!
Dl^ri"Ti7 i^vm DD^ja'7 ^npj7ririrT ^jkt
Testify against me, in the presence of the ^h->p)2 lAJT nSni lAf-'n ijy ^jjpt 3 : n^ri
Lord and in the presence of His anointed one:

Whose ox have I taken, or whose ass have I ^?3n:i)pi ri'iy") ""pTiK înpiuv "pTiKi
taken? Whom have I defrauded or whom have n'lU/KT in ^ry D^'7yxi nsD ''nnp'?
593
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 12.3 a-- K bK^'n\u d-'k-'^j
I robbed? From whom have I taken a bribe "-to

look the other way?" 1 will return it to you." -i)3K''i3 :nniK)3 u;-'K-r''n nnp^-K"?!
iThey responded, "You have not defrauded us,
I^n in-'U/jp lv^ a5n mn"" iv n">'7K
and you have not robbed us, and you have taken
nothing from anyone." Ûe said to them, "The
Lord then is witness, and His anointed is wit-
ness, ''-to your admission'' this day that you

have found nothing in my possession." They^
responded, "He is!"
^Samuel said to the people, ''"The Lord [is riK mn"' •'jp'7 ddpik nuQWKi in^^;"!!?!
witness], He who appointed -''Moses and Aaron DDiiK ntz;y—i\^K mn^ nip"|y-'73
and who brought your fathers out of the land
: n3''ninK-nK'i
of Egypt. "Come, stand before the Lord while
^pvv) nnvp npy;' Kn—i\z;k3«
I cite against you all the kindnesses that the
-riK nin^ n'pu/î n'jn^-'7K DD'-nlnK
Lord has done to you and your fathers.
s"When Jacob came to Egypt,'". . .your fathers

cried out to the Lord, and the Lord sent Moses in3u;=>T9 :n;Tn aii7)33 mnu/'""! anyj^n
and Aaron, who brought your fathers out of 11:1 DHK iBjp""! ari"'ri'7K mnTfiK
Egypt and settled them in this place. '^But they
forgot the Lord their God; so He delivered them

into the hands of Sisera the military commander
of Hazor, into the hands of the Philistines, and

-riKi D^'pyiin-nK inyî mn-i-riK
into the hands of the kind of Moab; and these
made war upon them. '''They cried to the Lord,

ij"'3"'K -[".p Mb'>^'n njivi niinu/yn
'We are guilty, for we have forsaken the Lord

and worshiped the Baalim and Ashtaroth. Oh, b^''^ bK^•D\Ij-ni<.^ nnQi-riKT ns-riKi
deliver us from our enemies and we will serve : nu3 inu/rii n^ntpn n3^3''K im n3nK
You.' 'And the
' Lord sent Jerubbaal and Bedan
and Jephthah and Samuel, and delivered you Tj'ppT
'n^)?"'3 i<b 'b nDK'rii b3"''7i;
from the enemies around you; and you dwelt
:a33^n tD3irf'7K mn"""! ^2^'bv
in security. '^But when you saw that Nahash
king of the Ammonites was advancing against
ivJK nninn nii/K "^br^ri mn nnvi '-'
you, you said to me, 'No, we must have a king

-."^bp D3"''7y mn"" ]n3 nim nn'^Ku;
reigning over us' — though the Lord your (lod

is your King.
'-^"Well, the Lord has set a king over you!
Here is the king that you have chosen, that you
have asked for.
a-u Heptuagint reuds "or a pair of $andals? Icf. Amos 2.6/ Testif}' D"'3-\ \\v;h ]-<vvny in-inc
against me."
b-b Lit. 'against you."
c Heb. "he."
d-d Meaning of Ueb. uncertain,
e Septuagint adds "the Egyptians oppressed them.
"
f Septuagint "Rarak.
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 12.25 I'' xVKinu; D-'K-'nj
i4"If you will revere the Lord, worship Him, iriK nriiniî mn^-riK iK-i-'n-OK h
and obey Him, and will not flout the Lord's np'' ""QTiK n)3n Kb) i'7pn arivpî
command, if both you and the king who reigns "^^7)3 nu7K ''Î'p^n-aî ariK"nj ari"'m
over you will follow the Lord your God, [well
kyDK") 15 : nD"'rf'7K nrri'' nnx dd"''?:/
and good]. 'SBut if you do not obey the Lord
mn^ '3-nK nnnni nin;" "711721 lypu/n
and you flout the Lord's command, the hand
of the Lord will strike you ''-as it did your
-'^
fathers.
i6"Now stand by and see the marvelous thing :nD''j''V^ nti/y nin^ nu/K nT.ri "71-1^0
that the Lord will do before your eyes, iît is
the season of the wheat harvest.^ I wUl pray to -•a ^k•l^ ^vl^^ iuut nl^p ]n'>) n)r['>
the Lord and He will send thunder and rain;
then you will take thought and realize what a

wicked thing you did in the sight of the Lord
mn"' in^T n'in:'-'7K ^"7x1)31^ K-jpîis
when you asked for a king."
•^Samuel prayed to the Lord, and the Lord nyrT-'7D Ky") xinn Di^n '^vm rib'p
sent thunder and rain that day, and the people nipK^T 19 : '7Ki)3u;-nK'i mnî-nK n'Kp
stood in awe of the Lord and of Samuel. '^The 1V3 bbBnri bkmvj-bK nvn-b^
people all said to Samuel, "Intercede for your -•'3 mnr'7K') '\'ribK nrn-'-bK '^nni'
servants with the Lord your God that we may nvn
^^b "7x1^^ b"'nKun-'73-'7V ijqd^
not die, for we have added to all our sins the
bi7ri-'7K bKm\u "inx^'vo d -.^b-g
wickedness of asking for a king." 20But Samuel
ni7"irT-'73 nx nn^'t^y nnx iKn''ri-'7K
said to the people, "Have no fear. You have, in-
deed, done all those wicked things. Do not,

nin^ '^nKn niDri-'7K -^k nKin
however, turn away from the Lord, but serve k^l2i :n3nn'7-'733 mn^'TiK nninvi
the Lord with all your heart. 21D0 not turn away i'7-'i7i''-K'7 -lu/K mnn nnx 1
^^ mDJ^
to follow worthless things, which can neither \ij'\p''-kb ""a 22 : nipri ^nn-'3 i'7''^t kb)
profit nor save but are worthless. 22For the sake •"^ b']!}:! ln\y mnyn DavriK mn*'
of His great name, the Lord will never abandon
: Dy^ 1^ DpJiK nlU7i7^ nin"' '7''Kin
His people, seeing that the Lord undertook to
make you His people.

r[)wb kvm '^b nî'^n 'djk d^23
23"As for me, far be it from me to sin against
the Lord and refrain from praying for you; and

I will continue to instruct you in the practice -'7321 ri)3K3 in'K nninyi ninî-nK
of what is good and right. 24Above all, you must :DD)3i7 '7'i;rT-~l\£7K nx ikn '3 D333^
revere the Lord andHim faithfully with
serve n33'7)p-nj DriK'D^ ^^^n ynn-DKi 25
all your heart; and consider how grandly He has

3 naon
dealt with you. 25Por if you persist in your
wrongdoing, both you and your king shall be
swept away."
g WIten thunderstorms do not occur in the land of Israel.
595
NEvi'iM 1 SAMUEL 13.1 ii K bi<.^r2\u n->K-'3j
13 Saul was..." years old when he became u^:\u Tiu/T id"?^!! "7^^; nju;-]:i ^
king, and he reigned over Israel two years. 'Saul 7^^/ i'^'inn^'v :'7K"]u;t'7V Tj'pjp
picked 3,()oo Israelites, ot whom 2,000 were

with Saul in Michmas'' and in the hill country
of Bethel, and 1,000 with Jonathan in Gibeah
nbvj Dvn nn^T pp^JS rivîîs ]nji''-DV
of Benjamin; the rest of the troops he sent back
totheirhomes. 'Jonathan struck down the Phil-
istine prefect in Geba;' and the Philistines heard
about it. ''Saul had the ram's horn sounded laN'? y-iKri-'7D3 n|)l\i7ii ypn bî<i^j^
throughout the land, saying, "Let the Hebrews

hear."-''
•When all Israel heard that Saul had struck

'7K"ju;t u/KnrnjT u^rwub^ niyrriN
down the Philistine prefect, and that Israel had
bM<,vj nriK nyn ipyYî n^nu/'pan
'-incurred the wrath of'' the Philistines, all the
people rallied to Saul at Gilgal. ?The Philistines,

Dp^n^ I lapKJ n''ri\z;'7DT ? :'7A'7jrT
in turn, gathered to attack Israel: 30,000/char- nvjp) bsn t]'7K ni\ub\ij '7K"iu;-'-dv
iots and 6,000 horsemen, and troops as nu- -"717 "lU/K ^71113 UV) ni]ijiB b-'S^K
merous as the sands of the seashore. They

marched up and encamped at Michmas, east of :]1K rfB riD-rp
Beth-aven.
mj 'D l"?--lY ^3 1K"1 '7K-1U/"' \lJ''k'](>
^''-When the men of Israel saw that they were

in trouble — for the troops were hard pressed
nnnw mlinni a^n-iYni n-'v^pni
the people hid in caves, among thorns, among
rocks, in tunnels, and in cisterns. ^Some He-
brews crossed the Jordan, [to] the territory' of nnnK nnn yri-'73i b^b^2 ijiiy
Gad and Gilead. Saul was still at Gilgal, and the
rest of the people rallied to him in alarm.''
Y^l^ h^b^Ti bi<,m]u Kn-k'7T *'7ki?3U;
8He waited seven days, the time that Samuel •''7K imrr b^k]u iTpK'^V' :vbvn Dvn
[had setj.i: But when Samuel failed to come to
riT! 1" •.nb'yri 717=11 'nîijrn rib'vri
Gilgal, and the people began to scatter, ''Saul
bKmw mni rib);:! ni'7i7rT^ lri^33
said, "Bring me the burnt offering and the
:1313'7 inKnj7'7 bw\U KY^T K3
sacrifice of well-being"; and he presented the
burnt offering. '"He had just finished present- nnK noijn nn -inK Vkidu; nwN" irk nci::
ing the burnt offering when Samuel arrived; and
a r/ie number is lacking in the Heb. lexl; also, the precise context
of the "two yean" is uncertain. The verse is lacking in the

Septuagint.
b So in oiliest mss.: other niss. and editions read "A/n/ifmis/i"
throughout the chapter,
c Apparently identical with (iiheah in v. 2.

e-e Lit. "became malodorous to.
"
f Septuagint and other versions read "three thousand.
g So some Heb. mss.; other mss., Septuagint, and largum read

Said."Cf 10.8.
1
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 13.21 V i<.bKM2\U D-'K^lJ
Saul went out to meet him and welcome him. b^k\u lUK^'i rr'ti/y np b^mp nuK^'"! 1
1 iBut Samuel said, "What have you done?" Saul

replied, "I saw the people leaving me and scat-
tering; you had not come at the appointed time,

nT nny "i)pKTi2 :\:;)p3p d^qdkj
and the Philistines had gathered at Michmas.
Kb nin^ ""jQi "^^bîn ^^bK n'>n\ijb^
121 thought the Philistines would march down
against me at Gilgal before I had entreated the D :T[bvri nbvK) pQKriKT "•rr'Vn
Lord, so I ^forced myself'^to present the burnt i<b ri^3pj '7iKu;"'7K bi<,m\u ~i)3k'î 13
offering." i^Samuel answered Saul, ''-"You qiy -lU/K ']''ribK mn^ niYTp-nx n'iiQ\u
acted foolishly in not keeping the command- -bK jiJip^pp-riK nin-' ]''pri nnv "-s
ments that the Lord your God laid upon you! j]np^)p)p nnvTH :Dîi;-iv bi<.'w->
Otherwise'' the Lord would have established
lin'73 uz-iK ^b r[)rT> Vipn mi7n"K'7
your dynasty over Israel forever. i4Butnowyour
n'iTQ\LJ Kb ^3 i)3i7-'7i7T:\j^ mn"' imy;''!
dynasty will not endure. The Lord will seek out
a man after His own heart, and the Lord will
appoint him ruler over His people, because you nyiA b^b:>.ri-])2 bv'^_) bkm\u np^'vs
did not abide by what the Lord had com- D-'KypjrT byn-riK b^kvj 'ip^^''] ip^Jî
manded you." ]n;v) b^k\u'\ii' tu/^K niKn u/u/a ijay

15 '-Samuel arose and went up from Gilgal'
to Gibeah; of Benjamin. Saul numbered the

troops who remained with him —about 6oo
n\Lfb\iJ n''riu;'7Q nJiijap n^nu/jan
strong. i^Saul and his son Jonathan, and the
troops who remained with them, stayed in Geba
of Benjamin, while the Philistines were en-
njQ"' hriK vjk'^ri) i« : bvw ynx'^^K
camped at Michmas. i^Xhe raiders came out of njQT nriK u/Kini ]lnn rr-n "q-iT
the Philistine camp in three columns: One col-
umn headed for the Ophrah road that leads to
the district of Shual, i**another column headed bK'w^ y"!K b:23. KypT kb W-inii9
for the Beth-horon road, and the third column
headed for the border'^ road that overlooks the
bK-ip'!-b'2 n"i''i2o tn-'jn Ik nnn
valley of Zeboim toward the desert.
i^No smith was to be found
inu/nnp-nK \i;^k u/lu^^" u^npbBn
in all the land
of Israel, for the Philistines were afraid that the :iriu;"in^ nxi iTa^-ip-riKi inK-nKi
Hebrews would make swords or spears. 20S0 all
the Israelites had to go down to the Philistines
to have their plowshares, their mattocks, axes,

and colters' sharpened. 2imXhe charge for
h-h Ckiinge oj vocalization yields, "Yoii acted foolishly. Ifyouhad

kept the commandment the Lord your God laid upon you..."
i-i Septuagint reads here, "Samuel rose and left Gilgal and went
his way. The rest of the peoplefollowed Satit to meet the soldiers,
and they went from Gilgal."
j Sometimes called Geba; cf. w. 3, 16; 14.5.

"
k Septuagint reads "Geba.
/ Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Septuagint reads "sickle."
597 m Meaning of several terms in this verse uncertain.

NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 13.21 r i<.bi<,^r2\^ >K->aj
sharpening was a pirn" for plowshares, mat- a-'miipnb'T ]wb\? ^h\ijb-] wht^.b)
tocks, three-pronged forks, and axes, and for npn'7n nv:i n^nv^ :]?"!"in ^"'^n'^^
setting the goads. --Thus on the day of the battle,
Di7n-'73 Tin rfjii'i nin kyjdj k^)
no sword or spear was to be found in the pos-
session of any of the troops with Saul and Jon-
athan; only Saul and Jonathan had them.
23Now the Philistine garrison had marched

out to the pass of Michmas.
14 One day, Jonathan son of Saul said to 'îKU/-]!! ]n2V ink-

(^^ uvn ^>^^^^ I
the attendant who carried his arms, "Come, let -'7K n-jnvJT niib v^2 Km iv^n-'7K
us cross over to the Philistine garrison on the
other side"; but he did not tell his father. -Now
Saul was staying on the outskirts of Gibeah,"
'^\LjK by PIT ]nA)pn nu/K prain nnn
under the pomegranate tree at Migron, and the
troops with him numbered about 6oo. -Âhijah
-]n n'lnKT^ :u;^k niKD \u\ij2 m:/
son of Ahitub brother of Ichabod son of
Phinehas son of Eli, the priest of the Lord at bvrri liDK Kiyj ib'U/n rryn'' i ]n3
Shiloh, was there bearing an ephod. —The nlnnvTpn ]i'2'\ t
: ]n2v q'pn 'B vt i<b
troops did not know that Jonathan had gone. nY)3-'7i7 nny'? ]n^v iu/k
U7i?.3
'"'-At the crossing-'' by which Jonathan sought
-]\u^ n-fp nnvnp y^Dn-]u; wnvjbB
to reach the Philistine garrison, there was a
yyin "ffiKH np^ nm "inynn vbvn
rocky crag on one side, and another rocky crag
p^:i)2 "rnxn ]wr\5 :mp inxn du/.i
on the other, the one called Bozez and the other
Seneh. 50ne crag was located on the north, near bm n^^D inxm wjp^n bm ]ia:^)p
Michmas, and the other on the south, near

Geba.
^Jonathan said to the attendant who carried n'pkn ''îvn nyn-'^K nnsyji h^"?
h is arms, "Come, let us cross over to the outpost hini'? ^2b ntz/y^ '>bm
I'lK ""s r[]'r[^
of those uncircumcised fellows. Perhaps the
-upkî -
: uypn 1k n"in y''u;in^ -liyyjp
Lord will act in our behalf, for nothing prevents
the Lord from winning a victory by many or
nuj ^ni'711 "lU/K-'^D nu;y vb^ am ^b
by few." ^His arms-bearer answered him, "Do
whatever "^^you like. You go first,-' I am ''with
you, whatever you decide."'' ^'Jonathan said,

"We'll cross over to those men and let thorn see
n I.e., two-thirJs of a shekel.
a See note j at /.'. /5.

.
c-c Lit "is in your heart. Incline yourself " Septuagint reads "your
heart inclines to.
d-d Lit. "with you, according to your heart." Septuagint reads

"h-i/Zi you; my heart is like your heart.
^^ K bi<.-\'n\U D^K^nj
us. 9If they say to us, 'Wait until we get to you,'

then we'll stay where we are, and not go up to
them. lOBut if they say, 'Come up to us,' then
ij-jririn iJnjpvi
R^'^PK uy-'Arr-ry m^
we will go up, for the Lord is delivering them
into our hands. That shall be our sign."
HThey
both showed themselves to the Philistine ny)3-'7K Dn^jtfj iÂî 11 iniKH ijVnn
out-
post and the Philistines said, "Look, some He-
brews are coming out of the holes where they :au;'iK^nrin i\uk nn'nrT-jjp n^'Ky-'
have been hiding." i2The men of the outpost
riKi I
lJiJl"'"riK TT2^)3n ""U/jk ^Jv:?i 12
shouted to Jonathan and his arms-bearer,
"Come up to us, and we'll teach you a lesson."
Then Jonathan said to his arms-bearer, "Follow
Tin n^rr; njrir"'? 'nriK nbi;^ vb2
me, for the Lord will deliver them into
the
hands of Israel." i3And Jonathan clambered up vbp_-bv)viyb}; jnjv bv^-] u ; bi<,'pi
on his hands and feet, his arms-bearer Kiyji ]n^v \:i^b\b$^y innx vb2 xi/j)
behind
him; [the Philistines] fell before Jonathan, and n^^n '>f\r\) 14 nnriK nninjp v^d
his arms-bearer finished them off behind him. vb2 Ku/ji ]r\^v npn -iipK nJii/K-in
'4The initial attack that Jonathan and his arms- : nitz; im mi;)p "ynnB i:;-'k anu/ya
bearer made accounted for some twenty men,
^-within a space about half a furrow long
[in]
an acre of land. -^ isTerror broke out among
all
the troops both in the camp [and] in the field;
the outposts and the raiders were also terrified.
]T2i:^^ rii/n^:? bMk\ub bâyrr my] 16
The very earth quaked, and a terror from God s -^bri] -\b^) :ii)3j ]']}2nri mrri
ensued. ipK
"ni?5 inK bi;^ b^k\u -inK"! 17
i^Saul's scouts in
Gibeah of Benjamin saw
that the multitude was (^scattering in all
direct- 'ÎKU; -IDK^Tis :vb2 KtZ/JT ]n^V pK
i7And Saul said to the troops with him,
ions. -^
"Take a count and see who has left us." They

took a count and found that Jonathan and : "^Kntp^ ^n^ Kirrrr nv^ n-^ribKri jinx
his
arms-bearer were missing, isjhereupon Saul jlTbrrm ]n3n-^K ^b^K\iJ 15^ iv irr"-! 19
said to Ahijah, "Bring the Ark/ of

God here";
for the Arkf of God was at the time among^ the
Israelites. i9But while Saul was speaking to iriK
the 1U7><: bi7rT-'73'i bm\u pi;-nT2o i-îi^
priest, the confusion in the Philistine camp kept
increasing; and Saul said to the priest, "With-
draw your hand." 20Saul and the troops with
him assembled and rushed into battle; they
found [the Philistines] in very great confusion,
every man's sword turned against his

fellow.
e-e iif. "shaken and going thither. " Meaning of Heb. uncertain,
f Septuagint reads "ephod," and
cf. w. 3, 23.9, 30.7.
g Heb. "and."
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 14.21 1^ k'7K1?3\:; d^k^j
21 ''And the Hebrews who had previously sided

with the Philistines, who had come up with
them in the army [from] round about — they
too joined the Israelites'' who were with Saul
bk-W'> Wik "Vdt:: :inJl''1 bM(,\LJ
and Jonathan. --When all the men of Israel who
were hiding in the hill country of Ephraim heard

that the Philistines were fleeing, they too pur-
sued them in battle. --'Thus the Lord brought
victory to Israel that day.
The fighting passed beyond Beth-aven. -uz-'K'i 24 : ]iK nîn-nK nnny nnn'7)3ni
24;i-xhe men of Israel were distressed-'' that day. îKu; °'7k''''! Kinn uv-^ m^ bi^^'^^''
For Saul had laid an oath upon the troops:

"Cursed be the man who eats any food before
night falls and I take revenge on my enemies."
So none of the troops ate anything. 25Everybody
mn y-iKn-'73i 2? D :anb' nvri-b:^
came to a 'stack of beehives' where some honey Ki^l 26 : ni}LJri "'JQ"'7V u;ni 'rfi lyp
had spilled on the ground. ^^When the troops yi<,^ u/n"! Î'pn n-irri "ly^n-'^K uvri
came to the beehives' and found the flow of -riK nyn Ki^-'a t'Q-'^k it y'>m
honey there, no one put'' his hand to his mouth, y-iû/nn )ji2\LJ-i<b ]nJl"'i27 -.nv;!]!;:!
for the troops feared the oath. -"Jonathan, how- nu)2ri nyp-riK n'pu/^Vbyn-nK^T'nK
ever, had not heard his father adjure the troops.
u;nin niy;"!! nniK "73^1 iiâ "iu/n
So he put out the stick he had with him, dipped
: i^ry nJiKPT! mx^m vB-bK li^ nw'^T
it into the beehive of honey, and brought his
hand back to mouth; and his eyes

vinu/nVnu/n n^pK^'i ni^rip \:^''k']V!'"! 2«
his lit up. -**At
this one of the soldiers spoke up, "Your father w-'KH nnK nnx'? byrrriK -^^nK
man who eats

adjured the troops: 'Cursed be the :DV'7 nV",'! Di'L^ on"? '73K"'-i\z;k
an)lhing And so the troops are faint."

this day.' y-iKH-riK •'nK i2V ]n2v nnN''"!29
29Jonathan answered, "My father has brought
trouble on the people. See for yourselves how
bl^n "^DK Vdk Ki'? ""ij ^k 30 hth: \1J21
my eyes lit up when I tasted that bit of honey.
nny ""a Ky)p nu/K vn^K "7^^ oyn
^"If only the troops had eaten today of spoil cap-
:D''nu;^$ii n3J? nnn-j-N'?
tured from the enemy, the defeat of the Philis-
tines would have been greater still!"
wnDjap D->nu;^33 i<.^nr[ ai^n 13;:"! -'i
^'They struck down the Philistines that day uv.l u;y^T-'2 :iKn Dyn ^lJ'>^ nib^K
from Michmas to Aijalon, and the troops were ^^p2^ ]ky inpî bbwri 't'ûz-'^k nyn
famished. -'-The troops pounced on the spoil;
they took the sheep and cows and calves and
slaughtered them on the ground, and the troops
h-h Meaning of Hcb. uncenain. Sfpiiiagint reads "Ami all the

Iroopt, about 10,000 men, were m//i .Siiu/; anil the battle
spread into the hill country of Ephraim. Now S<iul committed
"
a rash act.
I- 1 Meaning of Heb. uncertain; cf. Song of Songs 5.1.
6on
"
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 14.43 T K^Kl)3\y D^K^nj
ate with the blood..' 33When it was reported to
Saul that the troops were sinning against the n^n-'^v ^'^^^ "'Kun ayn
"^.F^^
Lord, eating with the blood, he said, "You have
jnK UVn ''?K-^^ DniA^l "DpK'""!
acted faithlessly. Roll a large stone over to me
today."*-' 34And Saul ordered, "Spread out
inlu; \ij'>k "'^k w>]kri wnb an-ipKi
among the troops and tell them that everyone
must bring me his ox or his sheep and slaughter

it here, and then eat. You must not sin against
the Lord and eat with the blood." Every one n^"'Vn iTn iniu/ w'>k nijn-b2 imn
of the troops brought '-his own ox with him-' Tjyn^b nnm bM<,]iJ jn;""! 35 : n\i7-ii3nu;='i
that night and slaughtered it there. 35Thus Saul 3 -rirn^b nnm nin"? bnri in'K
set up an altar to the Lord; it was the first altar
I "'nu/'pa nnK r\~n2 b^k\LJ '^)2i<]î6
he erected to the Lord.
36Saul said, "Let us go down after the Philis-
-kb) '^\?±n niKnv 1 nnn nnjT nW
nlurT-'73 nnK^'T \u'>k bnii nKu;j
tines by night and plunder among them until
the light of morning; and let us not leave a single

survivor among them." "Do whatever you ^b^K\iJ bi<.pi)i7 :wribKr[-bK ri^n
please," they replied. But the priest said, "Let
us approach God here." -''^So Saul inquired of :K^nrl ni^n imy kb) bK-]\u'> tî
God, "Shall I go down after the Philistines? Will
nl3Q bp ubr] im b^k\ij i)pK')T38
You deliver them into the hands of Israel?" But
this He did not respond to him. 38Then
time
nKunn nn^n nm ^kit ivit nyn
V"'^l)3n nin^-^n '339 -.uv-n nk\7i
Saul said, "Come forward, all chief officers of
the troops, and find out how this guilt was in-
curred today. 39For as the Lord lives who brings :nyri-'73?p im'y pxi nmi nin -"b
victory to Israel, even if it was through my son vnn briK '7K"iU7;'-'73-'7k "i)3k'''"!4o
Jonathan, he shall be put to death!" Not one sol-

dier answered him. 40And he said to all the Is-
raelites, "You stand on one side, and my son

Jonathan and I shall stand on the other." The
i3^^1 u^pn n'^ri bK-ip^, 'ribK mn;'
troops said to Saul, "Do as you please." îSaul
-i;pK=^"!42 :iKY^ nyni bî<>\u'\ ]n:v
then said to the Lord, the God of Israel,
'"-"Show Thammim."-'" Jonathan and Saul

were indicated by lot, and the troops were
cleared. 42And Saul said, "Cast the lots between np lb ni-'An inJl"'"'7K ^b^K\u "inK'T 43
my son and me"; and Jonathan was indicated.
43Saul said to Jonathan, "Tell me, what have
j I.e., without the proper rites.
k Septtiagint reads "here.

l-l Septiiagint reads "whatever he had in his possession."
m-m MeaningofHeb. uncertain. Septiiagint reads "WhyhaveYou

not responded to Your servant today? If this iniquity was due
to my son Jonathan or to me, O Lord, God of Israel, show
Uritn; and if You say it was due to Your people Israel, show
Thummim."
601
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 14.43 T- K bi<M2\U 'K-'ni
you done?" And Jonathan told him, "I only
tasted a bit of honey with the tip of the stick uyn •'iînnu/K rwDi^ri n2<p3 Tii^yu
in my hand. I am ready to die." ••'Saul said,
"Thus and more may God do:" You shall be put

mnn ni?3-"'3 ^x?v nbi wribi^s nt^y^
to death, Jonathan!" •'SRut the troops said to
Saul, "Shall Jonathan die, after bringing this
great victory to Israel? Never! As the Lord lives,

hK-TH n'7nArT nyi\:;"'ri nu;y°"iU7K hm^
not a hair of his head shall fall to the ground! VQ-i-nK n-ini-Ti n'7^'7n ''^Knu/^n
For he brought this day to pass with the help D^n'7K-DV-'3 ny"iK 1\:;k"i nnyti^n
of God." Thus the troops saved Jonathan and injvriK Dyn tiqî nTn uvri n\uv
he did not die. '•^Saul broke off his pursuit of
nriKn b^k^j '7V'!Vi^ d :nD-K'7i
the Philistines, and the Philistines returned to
their homes.
'7K"it:;''-'7V n3i'7)3n ~\2b '71ku;"147
••"After Saul had secured his kingship over Is-
rael, he waged war on every side against all his
enemies: against the Moabites, Ammonites,

Edomites, the Philistines, and the kings" of
Zobah; and wherever he turned he worsted -riK bb[''^ p'7?3V-nK ^".i bin u/v.i^'*
[them]. ••^He was triumphant, defeating the D .^nv\u im bi<.']\ui
Amalekites and saving Israel from those who -•'3^)31 1^\lj1^ ]n2v b^kû -"js vr\'^'\49
plundered it.
nn)p n-j^33n u\u vrin inv) hp^ vw
••^Saurs sons were: Jonathan, Ishvi,/' and
Malchishua; and the names of his two daughters
b^k^j nu7K nu/T ?" : b^^r: mupn u\u^
were Merab, the older, and Michal, the younger.

5'The name of Saul's wife was Ahinoam daugh- -'3K \:/"'pi5i -.brnvj in nri3 nrnK
ter of Ahimaaz; and the name of his army com-
mander was Abiner'/ son of Saul's uncle Ner. uir\\i;b^-b)j njîn nnn'7)3n "'nrT!52
5iKish, Saul's father, and Ner, Abner's father,
~ll3i U;"'K-'73 b^k\U HKIT bM<.\u 'n*' Vs
were sons of Abiel.
"^-There was bitter war against the Philistines
all the days of Saul; and whenever Saul noticed

any stalwart man or warrior, he would take him
into his service.
15s.„
nimuel said to Saul, "I am the one the TIK bî<.^j~bi<> bi<M2V; '^mk"'] ^v
Lord sent to anoint you king over liis peo- iTav'^V "^blilb '^nU/a'? Tl'^TT' nb\U
pie Israel. Therefore, listen to the Lord's ,-,-j-^ l^^^l,
^^^ -j^^^ l,^_,^,.[^^
command!
mrf
n Many mu. ami Scptuagint add "to me."
"
i> Scpltiagmt and IQSam' read "king.
p The Siime as hhboihetli (.' .Siiki. 2. HI and liihluuii i i (ir,>fi
8.}3).
"
q Usually "Abner.
602
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 15.14 lu K^KinU; Q^K^nj
2"Thus said the Lord of Hosts: I am exacting riK 'n'TipQ niKny nin^ "i)pK na;
the penalty for what Amalek did to Israel, for
the assault he made upon them on the road, on "^^ ~'nr\vi :any)3)p ln'7i7n î-i.-in
their way up from Egypt. -''Now go, attack Am-
-'73-nK bnn-inrT'i p'^nv-nx nrr'srn
alek, and proscribe" all that belongs to him.
Spare no one, but kill alike men and women,

infants and sucklings, oxen and sheep, camels
and asses!" D :-i1?pn-ii7i b'nm
^Saul mustered the troops and enrolled them
at Telaim: 200,000 men on foot, and 10,000 men
of Judah. 5Then Saul advanced as far as the city b^K]u k:i^15 :'r['v\n^^ ^'^-riK d^q^k
of Amalek and ^-lay in wait-'' in the wadi. ^Saul
said to the Kenites, "Come, withdraw at once

qinn nn n© \:2b ^:i^pr[-bK bM<.\LJ
from among the Amalekites, that I may not de-
stroy you along with them; for you showed
kindness to all the Israelites when they left
Egypt." So the Kenites withdrew from among : pb)2)j, Tiin?p ""rp '^v''^ DTiy?3n
the Amalekites. ^Kin n^înp p'7)pi7-nK bm\u -]"_)-
"Saul destroyed Amalek from Havilah all the -jiK ti/Qn^Ts :n"'"iy?3 ^2B-bv ni[7K -nu;
way to Shur, which close to Eg)'pt, '%nd he
is
Dyn-'73-nKT ^n p'ûy-qb-n uk
captured King Agag of Amalek alive. He pro-
ayrn '7^ku7°'7")3n=''i'^ :n-in-'Q^ Q"'"3nri
scribed all the people, putting them to the
sword; '^but Saul and the troops spared Agag

nlun-'73-'7yT bn3rT-'7V'i aiju/Tam
and the best of the sheep, the oxen, the
second-born,^ the lambs, and all else that was nn^DJ nDK^?3ri-'7DT nnnnn ^nx Kb)
of value. They would not proscribe them; they
proscribed only ''-what was cheap and worth- •.'i)2i<,b bK^'np-bK nini—in-i 'v^'Vo
less.-'' :]'77p'7 ''7iK\i;-nK 'np'?nn-'3 "'n?3njH
'OThe word of the Lord then came to Samuel:
nmi 'pn i<b nn^-nxi nnK)3b\i7-i3
11 "I regret that I made Saul king, for he has
:n^^'pn-'73 mn^-'7K pvpi bkmpb
turned away from Me and has not carried out
My commands." Samuel was distressed and he 1i733 ^1X\Z7 HKnp^ bK^-D\u U2\i;']) i-
entreated the Lord all night long. iÊarly in the n^n-isn '71KU7-X3 ii2i<,b b'xini:/'? iri
morning Samuel went to meet Saul. Samuel was -rn^T "iny'T 3Dî i] ^b n^Y)? n^n)
told, "Saul went to Carmel, where he erected a
monument for himself; then he left and went ^b "inK'i '7iK\z;-'7K bi<,m\u k3^'!13
on down to Gilgal."
-HK "Ti'ôî^n nin^^? nnx "qnn b^k\u
i^When Samuel came to Saul, Saul said to
-b^v nm bkm\ij -ddk^t i-i
:mn"' n3T
him, "Blessed are you of the Lord! I have
fulfilled the Lord's command." i-i"Then what,"
a See note at Josh. 6.18.

c Targum and Syriac read "failings.'
NEvi'iM 1 SAMUEL 15.14 iu K^K173U; D-'K-'nj
demanded Samuel, "is this bleating of sheep in •pjK -iu;k ip^:^ri b^p^ -"jik^ nT.n ]i<^n
my ears, and the lowing of oxen that I hear?"

i^Saul answered, "They were brought from the
-ijâm ]i<^r\ nu-'n-'7V hvri hpn i\i;K
Amalekites, for the troops spared the choicest
"irTi^n-nKT T'r1'7K mn^^ nnr ]vr2b
of the sheep and oxen for sacrificing to the Lord
-bi<. ^bKmw "inKî 1*^ D :ij)3'inn
your God. And we proscribed the rest." '^Sam-
uel said to Saul, "Stop! Let me tell you what the
nini nu7K nx -^b TTvm'] t^-in bm\u
Lord said to me last night!" "Speak," he replied. ^b "DpK"") i-inK-'i T^b^br[ "'pK mn""
'7And Samuel said, "You may look small to
yourself, but you are the head of the tribes of
Israel. The Lord anointed you king over Israel,

: bK']\iJ'>-b:; q'pn^ mn-" "^nu/n"! nriK
'**and the Lord sent you on a mission, saying,
T|'7 "inK'^T T|-i~i:n mrr- "^nbvj"] ih
'Go and proscribe the sinful Amalekites; make

p'^jpy-riK D''Kunn-nK nnipinrn
war on them until you have exterminated
njab'-)!'^ :Dn'K nrriâ nv 'ii J^pn^Ji
them.' I'^Why did you disobey the Lord and
swoop down on the spoil ''in defiance of the bb\ur\-bi<. uvni mn^ îpn nv'DVJ-kb
Lord's will?"-'' 20Saul said to Samuel, "But I did
obey the Lord! I performed the mission on
which the Lord sent me: I captured King Agag mn^ ""jnû;—iu;k q-i'is -rfpK) n^ri^
of Amalek, and I proscribed Amalek, 2iand the
pb)2V-ni<.'\ pb-DV -\br2 nK-ni<. KîiKT
troops took from the spoil some sheep and
]Ky bb\LJrii2 nyn nj?='vi r-innnnn
oxen — the best of what had been proscribed
nrn-'b ri'^]b nnnn
^•'rf'^K n"'\^Kn -ipni
to sacrifice to the Lord your God at Gilgal."
22But Samuel said:

"Does the Lord delight in burnt offerings and D-'nan niVyn r[)r[^b yQnn
sacrifices
As much as in obedience to the Lord's com-

mand?
Surely, obedience is better than sacrifice.
niij DDi^-nKun '3 23
Compliance than the fat of rams.
-^For rebellion is like the sin of divination.
Defiance, like the iniquity of teraphim.*'
Because you rejected the Lord's command,

He has rejected you as king." ">3 TiKun 'bKiâw-'^N bM^\L; '^^^2k'^^ 24
-'Saul said to Samuel, "I did wrong to trans-
gress the Lord's command and your instruc- iD'pipn yû/K") Dyn-riK tin-i^
tions; but I was afraid of the troops and I yielded
to them. 25piea$e, forgive my offense and come
back with me, and I will bow low to the Lord."
-<'But Samuel said to Saul, "I will not go back
"
d-d Lit. "and do what was evil in the sight of the Lord.
e Idols consulted for oracles; see Ezek. 21.26; Zech. 10.2.
604
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 16.2 TU K b'Kinur •'K-'nj
with you; for you have rejected the Lord's com-

mand, and the Lord has rejected you as king -jiK nnpKTp ""B "^ynv niu/K k^ b^k\LJ
over Israel"
^Âs Samuel turned to leave, Saul seized the
D : bK-W^-bv
corner of his robe, and it tore. 28And Samuel
riD^^^ bi<.m\L; n'Dî 27
l'7"'V>P"nP^ P'XD!'!
said to him, "The Lord has this day torn the
kingship over Israel away from you and has
^)^^. i'ii? bkmp vbK n)pK^T 28 :
yni?"!
given it to another who is worthier than you.

29Moreover, the Glory'' of Israel does not de- bk'W'> nyj 0^129 ir^jap niun 't]vi.^
ceive or change His mind, for He is not human Kin uiK i i^JT 'Jav^JpT ijj KJ
presence of the elders of my people and in the
niiJ^'T-M :^'>'ribK "nrn^b ^n-'innu/m
presence of Israel, and come back with me until
I have bowed low to the Lord your God." -''iSo
bm\ij '\n^\p''^ b^KVJ nnx bi<.mp
Samuel followed Saul back, and Saul bowed low D : nrn^b

to the Lord.
-''-Samuel said, "Bring forward to me King iTpx'^'i nnv)2 ni<, vbK pbm "ribp
'q'^^'.i
Agag of Amalek." Agag approached him /-with D :ni)3n-i?p no pK nK

faltering steps;-/and Agag said, "Ah, bitter death
bk^y2\Ij "ink""] 33
is at hand!"''
înn h^m nb^û -lu/x?
33Samuel said:
"As your sword has bereaved women.

"^BK wpm bppn-]^
So shall your mother be bereaved among

women." D : b^%:^
And Samuel ''cut Agag down'' before the Lord r[bv b'\KUJ'] nnjpnn bi<,mp "^b^î^
at Gilgal.
-^'iSamuel then departed for Ramah, and Saul '7iKU;-nK nlx"!^ bkmv; ^dykb)^^
went up to his home at Gibeah of Saul.
-bK bi<^r2VJ b^Knrr^p inln uv-iv
35Samuel never saw Saul again to the day of
his death. But Samuel grieved over Saul, because
-riK '^'^)pn-'3 am mn-'i bm^j
the Lord regretted that He had made Saul king

'^12i<^^ 1 3 : bK'^p^-bv bM<.\LJ
yym
1 /^ over Israel. lAnd the Lord said to Sam-
A. \J uel, "How long will you grieve over Saul, Tj^jpn T'ilpKn 'pKl '71KU7-'7K '73X1-1^
since I have rejected him as king over Is-
rael? Fill your horn with oil and set out; I am >b vn^ 'n"'K"i"'3 ipn^n-JT's '•pi-b^
sending you to Jesse the Bethlehemite, for I have
Vl2\u^ ":]% '^''i<,^bKm\u nuK^p :-^by2
decided on one of his sons to be king." 2Samuel
n'7Ay nin^ nnK^T d 'jnm b^KVJ
replied, "How can I go? If Saul hears of it, he
will kill me." The Lord answered, "Take a heifer
f-f From roofma'ad, "to falter"; cf. Septuagint.
605
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 16.2 TU K'^Kinur 0^X^23
with you, and say, 1 have come to sacrifice to nyi^b nnr'? ninKT "î^b njpn ijps
the Lord.' Învite Jesse to the sacrificial feast, •'5JKT nnT3 "'^''7 nN"ii7T3 :"'nKn
and then 1 will make known to you what you HK ""^ nnu;)pT nti/yrriu/K riK "^ynlK
shall do; you shall anoint for Me the one I point
nnK—iu;k
riK bkmv) tz;v;!"!-» :'^"''?k
out to you." •'Samuel did what the Lord com-
nin""! nn'7 nin K'nî nin"" isi ~iu;k
manded. When he came to Bethlehem, the el-
him
:"^Ki:i D"'7u; *inK''"i iriN-ip'? T-vn -"jpT
ders of the city went out in alarm to meet
and said, "Do you come on a peaceful errand?" •riKS n)n^b n'^l'? ^"^^W '
""'P^^'l^
5"Yes," he replied, "I have come to sacrifice to
the Lord. Purify yourselves and join me in the : nn;6 unb k-ij?""! Tij^-riKi 'U/"'"nK
sacrificial feast." He also instructed Jesse and his nnNÎ nK"''7K-nK k"i=!1 niklnm ^^^^>^<^
sons to purif}' themselves and invited them to

the sacrificial feast.
-b'K") inK-ijp-'^K unn-'7i< '7Kinu;-'7K
^When they arrived and he saw Eliab, he
-IU7K k"? I ""s in"'npKD •3 innip nna
thought: "Surely the Lord's anointed stands be-
fore Him." "But the Lord said to Samuel, "Pay
no attention to his appearance or his stature,
for I have rejected him. For not as man sees nnKî bi<.^'^2û 'Jq'7 imny;'"! nipnK
[does the Lord see];" man sees only what is
visible, but the Lord sees into the heart."

•.nrr['> "inn-k"? nn-aa "i)3k'''1 n^w
*^Then Jesse called Abinadab and had him pass
bKmp ijqV tijs nvnu; '\^"' "invî 'o
before Samuel; but he said, "The Lord has not

nyi"! "in^-k'? 'li/''"'?^ '7K^n\^ "ink''")
chosen this one either." ^Next Jesse presented
Shammah; and again he said, "The Lord has
not chosen this one either." "^Thus Jesse pre- nnviirT mnr\ w'>-bK bi<m\u ink""! n
sented seven of his sons before Samuel, and ]k^3 ny'n mm jypn inu; ily "ink'i
Samuel said to Jesse, "The Lord has not chosen \3 ijnpT nrib\u 'u;"'-'7k bi<,M2p ink''"!
any of these." '^nk^n*''! nb'tz/""! 12 :nQ ik^-iy ^crk"?
"Then Samuel asked Jesse, "Are these all the
Kim
niuT D^pv HD-'-Dy "'JiniK
boys you have?" He replied, "There is still the
"'2innwn mp nrn^ "iJpk'i d ""k-i
youngest; he is tending the flock." And Samuel
jawn llR'^K "^Kinu; npî :Kin ni '-^
said to Jesse, "Send someone to bring him, for
we will not Hit down to eat'' until he gets

-nn n'^yjT! vrk nipn 'in'K nwa'T
here." '2So they sent and brought him. He was Dpn n^vni Kinn Dl^nn lii'^^K nin*'
''ruddy-cheeked, bright-eyed,'' and hand-
some. And the Lord said, "Rise and anoint him,
for this is the one." ''Samuel took the horn of
oil and anointed him in the presence of his
brothers; and the spirit of the Lord gripped

David from that day on. Samuel then set out
for Ramah.
a Thew words arc praenfii in liif Sfj<iiiiif;inl caT Ywb I'vum i-nnc
/'-/» Meaning of Heb. uncertain. 606
NEvi'iM 1 SAMUEL 17.4 V K '^KITÛ; n-'K'':iJ
I'lNow the spirit of the Lord had departed ^nni7;iT bM<,\u nyn nno mn^ m-]^ i-i
from Saul, and an e\'il spirit from the Lord be- -'inv npKîis :mn^ nxn ny-j-nn
gan to terrify' him. him,
i^Saul's courtiers said to
ny-] D''rT'7K-nn Krmn vb^ b^K\u
"An evil spirit of God is terrifying you. i^Let our
^'jq'? Tjnny imK i<,y^'nt(^ K^-.^n:;^^
lord give the order [and] the courtiers in at-
tendance on you will look for someone who is
skilled at playing the lyre; whenever the evil
spirit of God comes over you, he will play it''

-iK-i v'lny-'^K bM<\u "ipK"! 17 3 : Tj^
and you will feel better." I'So Saul said to his :

"i^K nlK-'nrn. ]bb 2.^72 u;''k ^b kj
courtiers, "Find me someone who can play well TT'K'i nirr njpK^T anyann itiK^jy;'"! is
and bring him to me." iSQne of the attendants '7'in '^î:x^ ]aj yT '^pn^n it'b^û;"''? ]3
spoke up, "I have observed a son of lesse the
Bethlehemite who is skilled in music; he is a stal-

n^2i<.b)2 bm\ij nbpi,}^') -.mv mnî
wart feUow and a warrior, sensible in speech,
^J5 tn"''"^^ nn'pu; "I'pKÎ ''p'^.'î^
and handsome in appearance, and the Lord is ""l?^
with him." i^whereupon Saul sent messengers iKj") bn^ -\mn wi, nj?"! 20 : -[kyii "i\^k
to Jesse to say, "Send me your son David, who Un n."i"T3 n'pu/^T inx D^-iy hat jî
is with the flock." ôjesse took ''an ass [laden I'TDy;') ^^Ku;-^K in Knî 21 :
'7^K\f7-'7K
with] -''
bread, a skin of wine, and a kid, and sent
them to Saul by his son David. -^So David came Kriipy^ inx'? "'U7^"'7K b^k\u n^pu;"! 2:
to Saul and entered his service; [Saul] took a

n^rTi23 :-'j-'yn ]n Ky?p-^3 ^2^b in
strong liking to him and made him one of his
"fi.l np.î '7ii<u;-'7K b"'rt'7K-nn nvnî
arms-bearers. 22Saul sent word to Jesse, "Let Da-
vid remain in my service, for I am pleased with
niui ^bm\ub nni ii^n jajt li^sn-nK
him." 23Whenever the [evil] spirit of God came Q :ny-in mi vbv)2 moi 6
upon Saul, David would take the lyre and play
it;'' Saul would find relief and feel better, and
the evil spirit would leave him.
17 The Philistines assembled their forces

for battle; they massed at Socoh of Judah, and
encamped at Ephes-dammim, between Socoh
and Azekah. 2Saul and the men of Israel massed
and encamped in the valley of Elah. They drew
riKij?^ Ti72nbi2 iîv:'"! nbKTi pjpy?
up their line of battle against the Philistines,
3with the Philistines stationed on one hill and

hrin-'7K wim wnpb^^-^ -.wrwub^
Israel stationed on the opposite hUl; the ravine
was between them. -4A champion" of the Phil-
istine forces stepped forward; his name was Go- lnn:i nm m\ij wb^ u'>r]\ub^ nunian
a Lit. "the man of the space between," i.e., between the armies.
607
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 17.4 V K bi<M2\LJ Q-'K-'lJ
liath of Gath, and he was six cubits and a span -biJ np'm ynl3T5 :n"!n nl)aK \u\iJ
tall. 5He had a bronze helmet on his head, and Mj^^b Kin n'>W\?p^ li"'"m>T i^N"i
wore a breastplate of scale armor, a bronze uipbi^-nmn
u'>bp^p ]'\^~)wr[ "^pwm
breastplate weighing tive thousand shekels. ^He
had bronze greaves on his legs, and a bronze
irr'jn yvi yni" .v^n3 ]^n niy'm
javelin [slung] from his shoulders. "The shaft
of his spear was like a weaver's bar, and the iron
niKD-u/u; iri^jn nnn'pi dia-ik ~nj?33
head of his spear weighed six hundred shekels; : rjEj^ ^"^n myn ku/jt bn^ u^bpw
and the shield-bearer marched in front of him. bkip'' n2'^V'^2-bi<. Kip""! iibv?!*
*He stopped and called out to the ranks of nnn'^n -rpvb ^KYn ntpb urib inK^'i
Israel and he "Why should you
said to them,
come out to engage in batde? am the Philistine I

DN 9 :
1'pK -nil iz/^N DD^nn bî^pb
[champion], and you are Saul's ser\'ants.
DD^ ij"m ""jijni TIN DnVn'? b5v
Choose'' one of your men and let him come
vrT'sni i'^-'^DiN 'J><:"ni<l D''"!:?^^
down against me. ''If he bests me in combat and
kills me, we will become your slaves; but if I best :^jnK anini/i Dnni;^ ^2b DrT'ini
him and kill him, you shall be our slaves and TIN Tiain ""JN ^rwub^n inN''T lo
ser\'e us." •''And the Philistine ended, "I here- w^N '>b-^}^\ n^rn uvn bt<,-w-^ riiDny?p
uith defy the ranks of Israel. Get me a man and
let's fight it out!" ''When Saul and all Israel
heard these words of the Philistine, they were

dismayed and terror-stricken.
1
-David was the son of a certain Ephrathite
of Bethlehem in Judah whose name was Jesse.
He had eight sons, and in the days of Saul the ^^b",]^^ :D''\:7jKn xn ]pj bM<.\u 'n''3
man was already old, advanced in years.'' '-^The "nriK ^2bn w^b'i^ri W'>"'n riv;b\u
three oldest sons of Jesse had left and gone with "iu;k T>J3 nvjbp dwt \ n'nrib'Bb b^^vj
Saul to the war. The names of his three sons who ^n^wm -liinn nK"''7K nnnb>?33 \-2bn
had gone to the war were Eliab the first-born,
K^n "nil n -.ni^p "•w'^wrn nirnx
the next Abinadab, and the third Shammah;
nriK ^2br\ wb'i^n n^hvj^ ]vpn
'*and David was the youngest. The three oldest
had followed Saul, '%nd David would go back
bM<i\Lj "^VD nif/T "qVn nil i? d : b^K,^j
and forth from attending on Saul to shepherd :Dn^-n"'n vnK ik'^^tik n^v-]b
his father's flock at Bethlehem. 2i[•>n''^ niyni aawn Tiu/^sri m'>^ 10
"^The Philistine stepped forward morning D inv D^y^-iK

''
and evening and took his stand for forty days. îRKb Krnp iJ3 1Mb ^\ij^ inK"")
'Hesse said to his son David, "Take an ephah
rrTH Dn'7 niwyi n^n *i<.^bpr[ ns^K
of this parched corn and these ten loaves of
bread for your brothers, and carry them quickly
n"iti;y nNi°i.>< i-^-inKb- njn?3rr pm
to your brothers in camp. "*Take these ten
b Mranmg of Hrb. uruertmn.
608
NEvi'iM 1 SAMUEL 17.28 V K ^7X1)31^ a''K''3J
cheeses'' to the captain of their thousand. Find rr^Kr\-wb K^nn r\);kr\ 'in^nn ""y-in
out how your brothers are and bring some Dnii-iy-nKi nib^b npsn ^•^'nK'-nK'i
token'' from them." i^Saul and ^-the brothers-^
and all the men of Israel were in the valley of
Elah, in the war against the Philistines.

]Kyri-nK U7'uî -ij7'ii5 "fit i)u;:'T2o
20Early next morning, David left someone in
'U/;' iniy "iu/k? ^^^ Kti/^'T ~\nw-bv
charge of the flock, took [the provisions], and
set out, as his father Jesse had instructed him. -bK KY^n '7;'nrn r^bivy^r} K'nî
He reached the barricade'' as the army was going T|nyrn_2i :n)pn'7J3n lynm nD-jy?3ri
out to the battle lines shouting the war cry. -iJs- nKip"? nj-jVTp D"'n\:7'7QT '7K"!t^;'
rael and the Philistines drew up their battle lines vbvri ni'73n-nK "fiTVu'122 :np~ii7)?
opposite each other. 22David left his baggage
K'n^T njnyjari ^{^^ w^ry 'yrpijî-bv
with the man in charge of the baggage and ran
-151)3 I wm23 -.rrhvjb vn^b blW'>^
toward the battle line and went to greet his
brothers. 23While he was talking to them, the

^rvb\ r[b\v D^'J^n w^k mm n)3V
champion, whose name was Goliath, the Phil- nlD-iV)3p mnynn hm Mf^w "'nw'pQn
istine of Gath, stepped forward from the Phil- ypu/'l n^KH Dnn^3 "inmi nu/^Q
istine ranks and spoke the same words as before;
and David heard him. U/^KH-riK DnlK-13 bK'W'^, U/^K ''7bl 24
24When the men of Israel saw the man, they

u/^K I
n)pKî 25 :iKp ^KV'j^ vy^'n \x2y^^
fled in terror. men of Israel were say-
25And the
"a n-TPT nVyn u/^kh *bn"'Kin bk-w^,
ing [among themselves], "Do you see that man
U7^Kn n^nf r^by birw^-nK t^nn^
coming out? He comes out to defy Israel! The
man who kills him will be rewarded by the king
with great riches; he will also give him his
daughter in marriage and grant exemption*^ to -bK '^r\ "iJpK'iVb :'7K"iu;in 'U/Ein
his father's house in Israel." 26David asked the nti;yrn)?H)3K'7~l)3V nnjpVn "'U^JKri
men standing near him, "What will be done for T^n 'riU7'73rT-nK hs;) iu/k ^^^Kb
the man who kills that Philistine and removes
^h '3 birw^, bv)2 nann n-'pri'i
the disgrace from Israel? Who is that uncir-
niD"!VJ? n^n ""a n-rri ^b-\vr\ 'nu/'7Qn
cumcised Philistine that he dares defy the ranks
1113 UVn \b ITpK""! 27 :
Di-in Q"'n'7K
of the living God?" 27The troops told him in the
same words what would be done for the man "IU7K u;^K^ nti/y;' na i'dk'? n-rn
who killed him.

28When Eliab, his oldest brother, heard him
speaking to the men, Eliab became angry with
David and said, "Why did you come down here, riu;6j ''iybv^ rriT nvr^y^b 1 "DpK'î
and with whom did you leave those few sheep
n^nn ]Kyn
^T\vji 'JK "ii"|)33 uv)p
in the wilderness? know your impudence and
I
nlK"! \mb -^33^ y-j hxi ^îrriK
->%
your impertinence:'' you came down to watch
n)3 ih -i)3K'='T29 '.t\tv nnn'rTan
c-c Heb. "they."
d I.e., freedom from royal levies.
nu/ui n V. 25.
e Lit. "badness of heart."

609
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 17.28 p k'7K1)3U; aiK-'33
the fighting!" -*^But David rephed, "What have

I done now? was only asking!" ^"And he turned
I
rt^ri ini3 -DpNî "iriK '7i?p"'7K ib'^Kn
away from him toward someone else; he asked
the same question, and the troops gave him the
same answer as before.
^'The things David said were overheard and

were reported to Saul, who had him brought
over. ^-David said to Saul, "Let /-no man's '
'^'l2i<^îi :n;Tn 'npb^ri-uv Dn'7jT
courage fail him. Your servant will go and fight -^K n^bb b2^n i<b Ti"i"'7K "7^^
that Philistine!" -^-'But Saul said to David, "You
cannot go to that Philistine and fight him; you D nny^'P iipn'7n uz-ik Kim nnx
are only a boy, and he has been a warrior from
ri'inv mn nvn '71n\z;-'7k in -DpK""! 34
his youth!" ^•David replied to Saul, "Your ser-

Kti^jT niin-riKi ^-ikh kit ]KVn vnK^
vant has been tending his father's sheep, and if
i^nnm vihk 'jiky^v^? n-fynn nu;
a lion or'' a bear came and carried off an animal
from the flock, ^H would go after it and fight

lij^TB 'ni?Tnrn ^b:j nj7n vej?? 'n'?^m
it and rescue it from its mouth. And if it attacked "DA nKH-riK DA 36 :vrn)3n") Tinnm
me, I would seize it by the beard and strike it b^)jri ^nvjbBri r[irii ']'i;^v r]:2r[ nnn
down and kill it. ^^Your servant has killed both wribi^ rib-ii7)3 qnn ^n nnn ipK? nin
lion and bear; and that uncircumcised Philistine
"i\i;K nin"" in nnK"") 37 d : D'';'n
shall end up like one of them, for he has defied
''^b'^^'] Kin nin i^di nKn to ""J^yn
the ranks of the living God. -^^The Lord," David
went on, "who saved me from lion and bear

bM<.\u "iDK^'i D njn 'nu/'psn im
me from : Ti)3V mn"' mn""} ']b "i^x^^
will also save that Philistine." "Then
go," Saul said to David, "and may the Lord be ynip ]nJi vi-n miTiN "îku; \LJib'>_'] 38
with you!" :]inii7 in'K u/n^^'T iu/ktS'v nu/nj

^^Saul clothed David in his own garment; he '7N='i v'h'nb "^VJ? inin-riK ni -i^m 39
placed a bronze helmet on his head and fastened '7iNU;-'7N 111 nnK'''! niprK'? is rin"?^
s-a breastplate on him.i' -^"^David girded his
"'IT'DJ i<b "in n^K3 nn"?^ '731k k'?
sword over his garment. Then he ''tried to walk;
but'' he was not used to it. And David said to
Saul, "I cannot walk in these, for I am not used

-]7p I D'ljnK-'pVn nwpn l'7-inn''i
to them." So David took them oft. *'OHe took --i\z;k D-iyin "•^33 oriK Dt^"^! "^nin
his stick, picked a few smooth stones from the -^K u/p") np ly"?!?! uip'^^ni ^b
wadi, put them in the pocket'' of his shepherd's •.'>n\ubBr[
bag and, sling in hand, he went toward the nTi-'7K nii^T •^'^n 'n\:/'79n "q"?"!!'
Philistine.
Un^Vi: :VJQ'7 m^^H KWJ UZ-'KHT
'•The Philistine, meanwhile, was coming
closer to David, preceded by his shield-bearer.
/-/ Septi4agint reads "tiot my lord's.
g-g Heb. "clothed htm in u hrcustplaic" (cf. v. 5), because a

breastplate was combined »if/i a leather jerkin,
h-h Septuagint reads "was unable to walk, for..."

I Lit. 'fiw."
610
" "
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 17.52 V K^Kinu; n^K^nj
42When the Philistine caught sight of David, he n''n-'3 ^np"! tH"''^^ "^.Î"! ''^P^^^
scorned him, for he was but a boy, ruddy and n)3K'^143 :nKn)3 nQ"'-nv \j')3"|ki nvi
handsome. 43And the Philistine called out to
David, "Am I a dog that you come against me

riK ''npb^ri b^^?^) nl'ppTan "'^x-xn
with sticks?" The Philistine cursed David by his
T}'l-'7K inU/'pSn nnK^lw :VrT'7K3 "tlT
gods; 44and the Philistine said to David, "Come
here, and I will give your flesh to the birds of
the sky and the beasts of the field." D :n'it£7rT ripnn'pT D;'p\i7n
45David replied to the Philistine, "You come '^K K|i nriK •'riU7b7Qn-'7K ii^ nuK^T 45
against me with sword and spear and javelin;

but I come against you in the name of the Lord
of Hosts, the God of the ranks of Israel, whom "^"lApT n-TPi Di^n 46 : nonn nu/K hK']p^
you have defied. 46This very day the Lord will
deliver you into my hands. I will kill you and

cut oft" your head; and I will give /the carcasses-'
of the Philistine camp to the birds of the sky ^yi^T ynKri n''n'7T n^pii^n ^'\vb n-tri
and the beasts of the earth. All the earth shall :*bK'W-'b wribii. î -^-^ y^kr\-b'2
know that there is God in^ Israel. 47And
a this n-inn k'7"'3 n-jn '7rTi?rT-'73 iyTi47
whole assembly shall know that the Lord can
give victory without sword or spear. For the bat-
:mp D3riK \ryy\ nbnîari
tle is the Lord's, and He will deliver you into
nnp''"! 7»T 1
1 ni7-'3 n^m
our hands."
48When the Philistine began to advance to-
ward him again, David quickly ran up to the

ii^-riK "ri^bû/"! 49 : ^nwb^n n^-ypb
battle line to face the Philistine. ^^David put his \!1 i^'pi?^! p>^ Q^P niP"! ''73rT-'7K
hand into the bag; he took out a stone and slung ^]3Kn y3uni lny?p-'7K 'nu/ân-nK
it. It struck the Philistine in the forehead; the
V\X}'^^^^ :'^^1^ 1"'.^?"'^^ ^^'^^ lnyp3
stone sank into his forehead, and he fell face
down on the ground. 50Thus David bested the

:iin-T3 i^K nnpi inrr^p;'! ^nvjb^x}
Philistine with sling and stone; he struck him
ni?^! ^t\wb^n-bK iby"! nil VT^lî
down and kiUed him. David had no sword; siso
David ran up and stood over the

^nnnb^l n-jVJ^P ^5^^"). l3"!n-nK
Philistine,
grasped his sword and pulled it from its sheath;
and with it he dispatched him and cut off :iDJ^T nnlna np-'s n-'nu/^sn ik-i"!
his head. îî^l 'r['r[r\''^ bkyjj^, """U/jk ^y^'^.^y^
When the Philistines saw that their warrior

was dead, they ran. 52The men of Israel and lu- qn-rn b-'nu/^D "''7^n ^b^'>^ p-ipy nvi?;
dah rose up with a war cry and they pursued
•'_J3 \'^m 53 : ]i-ii7j;-iyi nnvi D"'ii{^
the Philistines all the way to Gai' and up to the
gates of Ekron; the Philistines fell mortally '"7Nntt7''3" nnx nom v. 46.
j-j Septuagint reads "your carcass and the carcasses.

k So many Heb. mss. and ancient versions; other mss. and the
editions read "to.
611 / Septuagint reads "Gath"; cf. end of verse.
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 17.52 T^ K '7Kinu; 'Knj
wounded along the road to Shaarim up to Gath ^\DVj1^ D^nu;^? nnis phin h^-w^
and Ekron. -"^^Then the IsraeHtes returned from : Dnijnn-riK
chasing the PhiHstines and looted their camp.
"•••David took the head of the Phihstine and
brought it to Jerusalem;"' and he put his weap-
riKip"? K^'^ "lil'riK bm'0 mK~iDT55
ons in his own tent.
^nVhen Saul saw David going out to assault
the Philistine, he asked his army commander "ibx "iDK^'i ipK ny^n nr^n-i^
Abner, "Whose son is that boy, Abner?" And
Abner replied, "By your life. Your Majesty, I do D :ubvr[ nT-'n-]:3 nriK b'Ku; "^br^n
not know." -'•^'"Then find out whose son that np."! "'riu;'7Qn-nK hlDnp ~ri"i ^^\u:2^ ?7
young fellow is," the king ordered. 57So when

David returned after killing the Philistine, Ab-
b^k\u vbK "iTpK^ss I'i-Tin 'nu/b'Qn
ner took him and brought him to Saul, with the
head of the Philistine still in his hand. ''**Saul said
ji^nv"!^ TIT "i)?k'='1 "iv.^n nnx m-]:!
to him, "Whose son are you, my boy?" And Da-

vid answered, "The son of your servant Jesse the
Bethlehemite."
18 When [David] finished speaking with b^k\u-bK nm"? Iri^DS ti-'t n''
Saul, Jonathan's soul became bound up with the
soul of David; Jonathan loved David as himself.
bM<.\u inpi?""! 2 : 1U7DJ3 injln;" innriK;'"!
2Saul took him [into his service] that day and
rvnK IT'S :iwb ijnj i<b^ Kirrn uv2
would not let him return to his father's house.
^Jonathan and David made a pact, because [Jon-
athan loved him as himself. •Jonathan took off
I
the cloak and tunic he was wearing and gave innn-ivi v"i)?T 'i)'fp inju^'T vbv nwN
them to David, together with his sword, bow, "^^n -rh N2<='i5 li-iAn-nyi inu/p-nyT
and belt. SDavid went out [with the troops] and , innu/T) b''iipi ^bM<.\u lanû;"' nu/K
he was successful in every mission on which Saul 'j"'V3 bu"! nipnb'prT '>mK bi; b^k^j
sent him, and Saul put him in command of all
Q :'7iKU7 nny ""rya nil ^^^'^^
the soldiers; this pleased all the troops and Saul's
-riK nl3nn iti mwn nraa •'n"'>
courtiersas well. 6When the [troops] camehome
ny-b-DQ DÛ73n njKyni ^rwub^ri
[and] David returned from killing the Philis-
tine, "the women of all the towns of Israel came nKnp"? nl'7n)3rTi ^^^pb -nu/"? btîw^
out singing and dancing to greet King Saul " : u'>pb^;2^ nn)3u;2i n-'sna "^br^ri bmw
with timbrels, shouting, and sistrums.'' ^The
women sang as they danced, and they chanted:
in I.e.. after David's capture of Icruitilem (2 Sartt. 5).
aa Meaning of lleb. uncertain. Septuagint readi "the dancing

women came out to meet Dand from all the towm of hrael
b Meanmg of Heb. uncertain.
612
" "
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 18.21 n-- K b'Kinu; ti-'K'':i3
Saul has slain his thousands; iâ^Kn iD^Kn ^hM<,\u nan

David, his tens of thousands!
sSaul was much distressed and greatly vexed
about the matter. For he said, "To David they

ijnj ''71 ninnn hn'p ^2^\2 nnkî nfn
have given tens of thousands, and to me they
"'n:'19 :nD^'7)3rT "qK 1^ nivi n-'Q^Kn
have given thousands. All that he lacks is the
kingship! " ^From that day on Saul kept a jealous

eye on David. lOThe next day an evil spirit of
God gripped Saul and he began to rave in the K^jn""! ^'7iK\i7-'7K I nvn 1 D''n'7K°nn
house, while David was playing [the lyre], as he Di^n I nvs 1T3 ]}m tiit nîirT-T|inn
did daily. Saul had a spear in his hand, I'and -nK^'7^Ku; bvl^n :bm\u-T-2. n-'jnm
Saul threw the spear, thinking to pin David to
nD^l n''i7nT im nsK "upKî n^^nri
the wall. But David eluded him twice. i-Saul was
afraid of David, for the Lord was with him and

: -ID '71KU7 uvri^ iray n)rT> n;'n-'3 iî
had turned away from Saul. i^So Saul removed
him from his presence and appointed him chief
-"IU7 1^ ^npu;"""! 1)3vp b^K^j innD"'i 13
of a thousand, ^-to march at the head of the nî H D : uvri ^:i^b K'n^T ky^t tq^K
troops. -f' I'^David was successful in all his un- : inv mn"'! b^'pp'D T'DiT ^:i^M-b'2b "rn
dertakings, for the Lord was with him; iSand iKp b-i^p-n Kinnu/K b^k^j Kn'.iis
when Saul saw that he was successful, he
dreaded him. ifÂll Israel and Judah loved Da-
D :nn''jQ^KnTKyi"'Kiri-''3"ti'i-riK
vid, for he marched at their head.
i7Saul said to David, "Here is my older daugh-
ter, Merab; I will give her to you in marriage;
^K nx^Kb "q^'iriK nn'K ni_)? r^b'iim
in return, you be my warrior and fight the battles mn^ nl)3n'7p nn^ni b^ri-]'2b ''b"r['>,rj
of the Lord." Saul thought: "Let not my hand in-in^^ 1^ "[? 'nJ^"'^>< "i??k b^K\LJ)
strike him; let the hand of the Phihstines strike -bi<. iSi nnK^'iis D : n"'riU7'7Q-n:'
him." iSDavid replied to Saul, "Who am I and 'nK nn^\u'n '^n '>m ^'djk m b^k\LJ
''-what is my life-« — my father's family in
V^'V'^ 1^0 n;'nK-''3 '^Kii^^^
Israel — that I should become Your Majesty's
K-irT) -["lib
:'n'???/'
bîxuz-nn ni.p-riK nn ny^

son-in-law?" i^But at the time that Merab,
-.nx^Kb ""ri^'nTari '7K"'-!-ii7^ njnj
daughter of Saul, should have been given to Da-
vid, she was given in marriage to Adriel the
nPT "ii"!"'^^ '7iK\f7-n? '73''?p nnxrii 20
Meholathite. 20Now Michal daughter of Saul -inK'''!2i :T'j-'V5 -in^n nu/'i b^k]ljb
had fallen in love with David; and when this was -'rTni \iJ0)2b l^-TiJii l"?
^W^ ^^^"^
reported to Saul, he was pleased. 2iSaul thought: Ti'i-'^K '"^^Ku; "DpKî D"'nu;'73-T 13
"I will give her to him, and she can serve as a
b^k^j iV''T22 :nl^rT ""s irinnn D"'nu73
snare for him, so that the Philistines may kill
him." So Saul said to David, ''-"You can become
c Change of vocalization yields "raised."

d-d Lit. "and he went out and came in before the troops.
e-e MeaningofHeb. uncertain. Change ofvocalization yields "who
are my kin.
613
NEvi'iM 1 SAMUEL 18.21 n-- K '7K1)3\:; 'Knj
my son-in-law even now through the second
one."-'' 22And Saul instructed his courtiers to
say to David privately, "The king is fond of you

and all his courtiers like you. So why not be-
come the king's son-in-law?" 23When the king's
]nnnn b^^pyn nî^jn nil npx'^"!
courtiers repeated these words to David, David
niii'lM in'ppj-) uz-j-u/iK ""DJKT •q'7â
replied, "Do you think that becoming the
son-in-law of a king is a small matter, when I
am but a poor man of no consequence?" -'•Saul's

courtiers reported to him, "This is what David •i) innn Tj^^'p yQn-]-'K li-i"? nnkn
answered." -Ând Saul said, "Say this to David: "'n^Kn np.^r[b wrwubB m'^ny nxpii
'The king desires no other bride-price than the
foreskins of a hundred Philistines, as vengeance
-riK 11"]^ innv nii:!i 26 n"'n\i7^3-"t:3
on the king's enemies.'" — Saul intended to
:
bring about David's death at the hands of the

ih -"rvn -in^n •^p''^ nbkn nnn^n
Philistines. —-f^When his courtiers told this to -.wiîn ix'pn i<b^ -q^Tan ]nnnn'7
David, David was pleased with the idea of be- illi vujii^) Kin I '^b1^ nh Dj7î--
coming the king's son-in-law. ''Before the time
had expired,-'' -''David went out with his men innnn^ "^br^b m^br?-'} uri^ribiv
and killed two hundred/ Philistines; David
"in2 '73'')p-nK b^K^j '\b-]n'') 'q'7)33
brought their foreskins and ''they were counted
mn"" ""s yi^Vb'iKu; k-i^.t 28 d : nwi<.b
out'' for the king, that he might become the
:innnnK '^muz-nn b::->m n.i'nv
king's son-in-law. Saul then gave him his
•'H-'l ily m.-r "'jan N'n'? b^k\u *'qpKn 2^
daughter Michal in marriage. 28When Saul re-
alized that the Lord was with David .?-and that
Michal daughter of Saul loved him,-*; -^Saul
grew still more afraid of David; and Saul was inw nj?'"'! b^k^j nnv Van iti b:îi;
David's enemy ever after.
307he Philistine chiefs marched out [to bat-
tle]; and every time they marched out, David

was more successful than all the other officers
of Saul. His reputation soared.
19 Saul urged his son Jonathan and all his
courtiers to kill David. But Saul's son Jonathan "13 inJlmi niTiK n-inn"? vinv-bD
was very fond of David, 2and Jonathan told Da-
]ni)rT> ir)- :iK73 iTin ysn bmw
vid, "My father Saul is bent on killing you. Be
^rrinn^ ""nK bM<.\Lj u/p.nn inx'? n-1'7
on your guard tomorrow morning; get to a se-
"inon nnuz-'i iD'i^ kj—in\:;n nnvi
cret place and remain in hiding. 'I will go out
/ Septuagint readi "one humiri'ii" iitui cf. 2 Som. .i. 14.
g-g SeptuaginI reads 'and that all Israel loved him.
614
NEvi'iM 1 SAMUEL 19.16 U'' K '7K1>3\I7 a-'K''3J
and stand next to my father in the field where

you will be, and I will speak to my father about
you. If I learn anything, I will tell you." ^So Jon-
D :']b ••ri"|Ani rip ti-'k-it 'nK-'7K
athan spoke well of David to his father Saul. He
said to him, "Let not Your Majesty wrong his
servant David, for he has not wronged you; in-
deed, all his actions have been very much to your

advantage. 5He took his life in his hands and -riK îp iQ^n i\z;DrnK nwî 5 n'Kp
killed the Philistine, and the Lord wrought a rib'\i). nvwn nSn-' \uv^_) ^nu;'7$rT
great victory for all Israel. You saw it and re- kunn r^)2b^ nipu/ni rr-K-i bk'W->-b:^b
joiced. Why then should you incur the guilt of
shedding the blood of an innocent man, killing
-"n b^k\LJ yniF'i jnjin^ b^pii b^K\LJ
David without cause?" ^Saul heeded Jonathan's
i)ib ^jnJin"' KHp^y :npT'-DK mn;'
plea, and Saul swore, "As the Lord lives, he shall
not be put to death!" ^Jonathan called David,
n^KH Dnn-irT-'73 riK inJlrT;" \b-i3^';^
and Jonathan told him all this. Then Jonathan

brought David to Saul, and he served him as D -.uwbvj ^lJ3riK3 v;}^b
before. iiT KYi'i nvrib n)pn'7?3rT qpiriis
^Fighting broke out again. David went out n^n:i nan bnn ti-'i a^ri\:7^Qii n'7^1
and fought the Philistines. He inflicted a great
nv") mn"' nn T>jan ^vp^
I
"'nni 9 :
defeat upon them and they fled before him.

iTn irT'Jm :i]bv irr'nnkin'i '71KU7-'7k
9Then an evil spirit of the Lord came upon Saul
nisn^ b^k\u u/jpn"''! 10 : i^^ ]ui2 irr\
while he was sitting in his house with his spear
in his hand, and David was playing [the lyre].
b^kvj 'jQn nuQ"! T'l^ni inn n^jnî
i^Saul tried to pin David to the wall with the vb)2'>) DJ i)!) T'p n\jnn-nK '^".1
spear, but he eluded Saul, so that he drove the b^k^j °nb\LJ'>}n 3 :KirT n^"''?^
spear into the wall. David fled and got away. iJT'nn'pi ']'ir2\ijb Hit xt'^-'^k ''Dk^)?
That night i^Saul sent messengers to David's inxb? mvJK b'D^?^ lani
i)'fp ni?'^^
home to keep watch on him and to kill him in
nn)3 nb^bri ^î^srriK vby^n î^k-UK
the morning. But David's wife Michal told him,
"Unless you run for your life tonight, you will
be killed tomorrow." i2Michal let David down

b'^'>r2 Hipni 13 : vb•l2''^ nnnî "^^".'i p^nn
from the window and he escaped and fled, i
-''Mi-
nKi nu?3ri-'7K btz;ni n^D-inn-riK
chal then took the household idol, laid it on the DDriT T'nu/K-ip npp n^-tvn n-'na
bed, and covered it with a cloth; and at its head a-'^K'pTp bm\u n'7u;''i i-i d •'^^^^
she put a net of goat's hair. i^Saul sent mes-
sengers to seize David; but she said, "He is sick."
1 sSaul, however, sent back the messengers to see
•''7K nuKjn Ink ^bvri "ipKb iH'^^
David for themselves. "Bring him up to me in
njini n^DK^)3rT iKn^v^ nnpn^
the bed," he ordered, "that he may be put to
death." i^when the messengers came, they
615
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 19.16 u-> K "^Kinu; n-'K-'n:
found the household idol in the bed, with the
net of goat's hair at its head. ''Saul said to Mi-

chal, "Why did you play that trick on me and
"Kin b^k\lj-bi<. ^2^12 '^^D^<n^ u'^jp"!
let my enemy get away safely?" "Because," Mi-
chal answered Saul, "he said to me: 'Help me
get away or I'll kill you.'"
"^David made good his escape, and he came

to SamuelRamah and told him all that Saul
at n^^::l inu;;''! "7x1)3^1 Kin tj^"") bM<^\LJ
had done to him. He and Samuel went and Til mn "i'nif.b "îku/"? ia^ti^' -.nvn
stayed at Naioth. ''^Saul was told that David was
at Naioth in Ramah, -"and Saul sent messengers "riK K-jî "Ti'iTiN nnpb d-'dk'???
They" saw band of prophets
to seize David. a
im bkmp'\ d-ikîj b-'K-'n^n npnb
''speaking in ecstasy,-'' with Samuel standing by
n^'^yîti\^ i^Kbrp-bv 1f^^\^ n"''?y n^j
'"as their leader;-' and the spirit of God came
nîivi :n)3rT-m ik^jj-i"! dtt'tn
upon Saul's messengers and they too began to
speak in ecstasy. 2iWhen Saul was told about iKiijn;'1 ann^? d^dk"??? n'pu/''! b^k\ub
this, he sent other messengers; but they too

spoke in ecstasy. Saul sent a third group of mes- "DA "^b",)-- :n)3n-DJ iK^JD"! uwbvj
sengers; and they also spoke in ecstasy. 22S0 he -iu;k b'[i^r\ -i13"tv knî nnnnn Kin
himself went to Ramah. When he came to ''the in") b^^riw n'Q"'K irikh "^kw""! ^îs/?
great cistern at Secu,'' he asked, "Where are
qVî 2} : njp-jn nvn nîn mn *"inKî
Samuel and David?" and was told that they were
vbv "'nrri npnn nv:i n^^rbi<. du;
at Naioth in Ramah. ~^He was on his way there,
to Naioth in Ramah, when the spirit of God i^njrr'i ^^'\bri ti^"! a^n'^K nn K^rraa
came upon him too; and he walked on, speaking uu/D"!:-! :n)p-i3 nvn n^m iK'n-iv
in ecstasy, until he reached Naioth in Ramah.

^-^Then he too stripped off his clothes and he
too spoke in ecstasy before Samuel; and he lay bM<,\u DJin n?3Ki ]^~bv T^b''br^^b2^
naked all that day and all night. That is why peo-
B :nK"'n:i3
ple say, "Is Saul too among the prophets?"
20 David fled from Naioth in Ramah; he K'n^l HD-in nvm mun iiT ni^î ^
came to Jonathan and said, "What have I done,
what is my crime and my guilt against your
father, that he seeks my life?" -He replied,

mn mnn i<b"'r(b'>bn \b inx''") - -.^w^^
"Heaven forbid! You shall not die. My father
ini IK "711^ -ini ""iiK niuv^_-kb nu;y ^b
does not do anything, great or small, without
disclosing it to me; why should my father con-
a Heb. "He.'
bb Cf. note at 10.5.
d-d Septuagini reads 'the cistern of the threshingfloor on the bare
"
haght.
"
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 20.14 D K "^xinu; 'K-'nj
ceal this matter from me? It cannot be!" -''David :nKT ]^K HTn in^n-riK ^^nn ^nK
"-swore further,-" "Your father knows well that
you are fond of me and has decided: Jonathan

must not learn of this or he will be grieved.
But, as the Lord lives and as you live, there is
only a step between me and death." -^Jonathan

said to David, "Whatever you want, I wUl do
npKJTnn in'^^K l^J'in"' "i^x'^T^
it for you."
5David said to Jonathan, "Tomorrow is the

new moon, and I âm to sit with the king at
the meal. Instead, let-^ me go and I will hide in
nnyrr ly niti/n ^nnripji ^'jrin^û;')
the countryside until the thirds evening. 6If your
father notes my absence, you say, 'David asked

\r^b -ni -^mn bkî '"^'ku/j t\'^'^^^
my permission to run down to his home town,
Dii7 D"'J3^n nni ^3 in-'v n'7-n"'3
Bethlehem, for the whole family has its annual
sacrifice there.' Îf he says 'Good,' your servant nlu -inx'T n"3-nK" .T[n^\IjyzT^-b'2b
is safe; but if his anger flares up, know that he yi 1^ n-in-'. nnn-nxi înv'^ Qib'u;
is resolved to do [me] harm. ^Deal faithfully ipn n^ûv^^ :^?3i7n nyin nn^3-^3
with your servant, since you have taken your "HK nKnn r^^r^^, nnnn ^3 -\^;iv-bv
servant into a covenant of the Lord with you. 'jiT'nrT pv '3-U71-DX1 "qTsy îny
And if I am guilt)', kiU me yourself, but don't
D :^JK^3n r^rnr^b ^^nx-iyi nriK
make me go back to your father." ^Jonathan re-
y'"[^-DK I
13 '^^ n^^'^n jnjin^ inx^î 9
plied, "Don't talk like that! If I learn that my
father has resolved to kill you, I will surely tell
Kin^ ~"'3K V'? ^Vli? nJ?^?"^3 ^\^
you about it." iODa\id said to Jonathan, "Who ^\^ni<^^^ 10 D :
Ti'p iÂK nn'K iib^ ^^^^y
will tell me if^your father answers you harshly?" ^jy-nn Ik ^b ta: ^)2 jnjln^-'7K in
1
'Jonathan said to David, "Let us go into the -'7K jriJlni nnK"!!! u .-n^^p ^^nx
open"; and they both went out into the open. nr\^w my"! niti/n kyji n?^ iii
i2<rhen Jonathan said to David, "By the
Lord, the God of Israel! I will sound out my
'>rib^ mn"" iii"'7x jnJln^ ^73K='1 12
father at this time tomorrow, [or] on the third
day; and if [his response] is favorable for David,
injp I ny3 ""iK'nK npnx-^s bK'yij'^_
I wUl send a message to you at once and disclose

it to you. i^But if my father intends to do you -n3i3 :'?]JTK-nK 'rT'^j.i '^'^K vh^K
harm, may the Lord do thus to Jonathan and 3uî-i3 r]''p'' nbi inJini'7 nin^ nti/y^
more if I do [not] disclose it to you and send -nx ^''Vi'hy] -^''bv ny-jn-nK '3k-'7k
you off to escape unharmed. May the Lord be
'rr-''! n'b^b r^'2bn^ ^'rin'pu/i ^jtx
with you, as He used to be with my father. I'^Nor
iib^ 1^ : ^nx-Dy n^ri ni^N3 "qipy T[yr['[
a-a Septitagint reads "replied to him."

.
b-b Septiiagint reads "will not sit. . . meal. Let. .
c Septuagint lacks "third."

d Meanitjg ofHeb. uncertain.
e The meaning of several parts ofw. 12-16 is uncertain.
617
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 20.14 3 K bi<,^)2\L; n-iK-inj
shall you fail to show me the 'Lord's faithful-
ness,' while I am alive; nor, when I am dead, -riK niprrN'pi 13 :mnK i<b^ nin*"
'-'•shall you ever discontinue your faithfulness
niprrn k"?! n'7"iy-"tv "n-'n uvn "^^Dn
to my house — not even after the Lord has
'J3 bVT2 \IJ'^k Tl"] 'n^KTlK 7T\rT^
wiped out every one of David's enemies from
1)1 ri''3-ny inJirf nnDî"^ :nnnKrT
the face of the earth. '^Thus has Jonathan
.-[^-l ^n-iN "fn nin"" wjpni
covenanted with the house of David; and may
the Lord requite the enemies of David!"
'
"Jonathan, out of his love for David, adjured.v'
him again, for he loved him as himself, 'sjon- rnpQjT MJ-in inn inJln*" i'7-"iDK''i i«
athan said to him, "Tomorrow will be the new

moon; and you will be missed when your seat
u\^ nnnprnu/K Dli7)3n-'7K JiKni
remains vacant.'' '"^So the day after tomorrow,
: bmri jiiKH "7^^ n:i\iJi'] nU/i/Jpn nvn
go down 'all the way' to the place where you
nilK niy "'^nn n]ijb\u 'JK120
hid 'the other time,-' and stay close to the Ezel
ôNow -riK n'û/K n;im2i iniun"? ^'7-n'7u;'7
stone. I will shoot three arrows to one
side of it, as though I were shooting at a mark, °i)3K-DK D"'ynn-nK kyw -^b lyjn
-'and I will order the boy to go and find the ar- n^riT ^nn I D^Ynn mn -ly^"? "ip^
rows. If I call to the boy, 'Hey! the arrows are "111 ]''K1 "^b i'7U/"'3 nkni I
i3ni7
on this side of you,' be reassured^ and come, mn D^yb' -i?p"k ns-DK^: imn^-'n
for you are safe and there is no danger — as the
Lord lives! --But if, instead, I call to the lad,
'Hey! the arrows are beyond you,' then leave,
for the Lord has sent you away. 23As for the
promise we made to each may the Lord other,' nu;;','! u/inn •>r\''] niw:! ni inoiv-i
be [witness] between you and me forever." 2WJ^25 :b'\2i<.b Dn^rT-'7K Vy q'pan

24David hid in the field. The new moon came, -bK Dyisn 1 ayQ3 iiu/ln-b'y ^'pnn
and the king sat down to partake of the meal. inN î^".! JJ^^'in"' h\?)^ "Tipri nwin
25When the king took his usual place on the seat nipn npQ"! lYn
-i<b^'-^ riTi bM<:uj
by the wall, Jonathan rose"' and Abner sat down
nwK ''3 Kinn Di^n nniKW bM<,uJ i3i
at Saul's side; but David's place remained va-
k^-is Kin ilnu '>r\b:i K^n nnj^n
cant. -<^That day, however, Saul said nothing.
"It's accidental," he thought. "-"He must be un-
•Jiyri u;nrin nnnnp I'h'') -' d : Tiny
clean and not yet cleansed."-" 27But on the day -'7K ^bM<i\u inK""! D 1)1 u^pn npB""!
after the new moon, the second day, David's "Da 'U>"'"13 Kn-k"? yiiD iJ3 inJln""
place was vacant again. So Saul said to his son
/-/ /.e., the faithfulness pledged in the covenant before the Lord.
g Septuagint reads "svfore to.
h At the festal meal.

i-i Lit. "very much."
j-j Lit. "on the day oj the imuu-tii .
«•< l'*.2ff.
k Lit. "accept it.
I See above, w. 12-17.

m Force of Heb. uncertain; Septuagint "faced hitn."
n-n Heb. construction unclear.
618
—
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 20.41 D K hK^^n^\^ d-'K''3j
Jonathan, "Why didn't the son of Jesse" come •[i7iT28 :an^ri-'7K Di^n-DA b'l'nn
to the meal yesterday or today?" 28Jonathan an-
swered Saul, "David begged leave of me to go
to Bethlehem. 29He said, 'Please let me go, for
Kim T'vn ij^ nn5U7?3 "nnr ^3 kj
we are going to have a family feast in our town
)n "'riKYjp-DK nnv) 'iik '^^"n^y
and my brother has summoned me to it. Do me
me away my "nK-riK nK-iKT k| nu'pjsK "^'rv?
a favor, let slip to see kinsmen.'
That is why he has not come to the king's table." D :"^^)3n ]nb\LJ-bK Kn-k"? \ji-bv
30Saul flew into a rage against Jonathan. "You 1^7 "Dpk""! inJln"'3 ''71KU7 i^K-ini'Tso
son of a perverse, rebellious woman!" he "inn-'3 ""nvl? ><"i^n m^-i)3ri niyrjn

shouted. "I know that you side with the son of
npi; n\u':lb^ '?inwnb' 'U7"'"]n'7 nriK
Jesse — to your shame, and to the shame of your
mother's nakedness! 3 'For as long as the son of
"^mbm nriK jl3n k^ nniKn-b'V
Jesse lives on earth, neither you nor your king-
ni)p-]n ^3 ''7K in'K np.i nb\u nrivi
ship will be secure. Now then, have him brought
to me, for he is marked for death." 32But Jon-
'7iKu;-nK jnJiriT )vb.^- :Kin
athan spoke up and said to his father, "Why : nu/y np nnv ni^b vb^ nnkî v^k
should he be put to death? What has he done?" mnb vb:; iT'jnri-nK ^71x^7 b\J\^Ji
33At that, Saul threwP his spear at him to strike v^K uvri K''n n^3-'3 jnJin^ Wt
him down; and Jonathan realized that his father
was determined to do away with David, ^^jon-
athan rose from the table in a rage. He ate no
food on the second day of the new moon, be-
D :v:iK ip'7DrT
cause he was grieved about David, and because
his father had humiliated him. lylTD"? niipn jnjln^ Kyî nj^nn "rr"''! 35
35In the morning, Jonathan went out into the

open for the meeting with David, accompanied nnlw ""^JK "IU7K n''srnrT"nK xj xyn
by a young boy. ^^He said to the boy, "Run ahead
and find the arrows that I shoot." And as the
boy ran, he shot the arrows past him. 37When

iMK^T hv^n nriK ]np'n'> Kii?"! injln^
the boy came to the place where the arrows shot
by Jonathan had fallen, Jonathan called out to
the boy, "Hey, the arrows are beyond you!" -bK ^[\u^n TT^ri-D -ivln nnK 'jriJlrT'
38And Jonathan called after the boy, "Quick,

hurry up. Don't stop!" So Jonathan's boy gath- -iib ny3rTi39 :TinK-'7K knî a^ynn
ered the arrows and came back to his master. -riK ii7T till jnjirr"' i^k rimi^.'D v-n
39The boy suspected nothing; only Jonathan
'^v^î-bK v^s-JiK jnjinT jriî 40 nn^n
and David knew the arrangement. —ôjonathan
handed the gear to his boy and told him, "Take
these back to the town." îwhen the boy got
See «ofe at 10.11.

See 18.11 and note.
619
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 20.41 3 K "7X1^1:; D-'N->3j
there, David '(emerged from his concealment

at'/ the Negeb/ He flung himself face down on
the ground and bowed low three times. They
kissed each other and wept together; David wept
the longer.
•'-Jonathan said to David, "Go in peace! For

-iii^Kb 'r[)n-> up'2. ijnj><: ij^ju; ^2^±p2
we two have sworn to each other in the name
T'ni ^V"!! "^J"'?^ 'J"'? 1^"!.^!'
of the Lord: 'May the Lord be [witness] bc- l"'.?^
I
^^l^^^
^ 1 tween you and me, and between your Di7=;'!i 3 :Dîvni7 Tjy-iT 4^ ^^
^ J. offspring and mine, forever!'" 'David
then went his way, and Jonathan returned to

the town.
\b "DaK""! -ri"! JiKip'? n'?'?"'nK Tin"-!
-David went to the priest Ahimelech at Nob.
ri^nis r^ u/^KT 'î;2.b nnx ynn
Ahimelech came out in alarm to meet David,
and he said to him, "Why are you alone, and
no one with you?" -^David answered the priest
nmi^n viybK \uiK •''7K nipKî "ini
Ahimelech, "The king has ordered me on a mis-

sion, and he said to me, 'No one must know aii7n-'7K "nvii"' ti"'"iV^n-nKi "qrr'iiy
anything about the mission on which I am send- xi-j^-nnn vj^:nr2 njiv")^ :"'JiJ3^K ''ib^
ing you and for which I have given you orders.' :K^n3n Ik np mn onyniirnn
So I have "-directed [my] young men to" such
nn'7-]-'K 1)3^^1 ii^TiK ]n3ri ]v^^'^
and such a place. ^Now then, what have you got
Vip nn'7-aK-'3 't nnn-'^K b'n
on hand? Any'' loaves of bread? Let me have
Dnyjn nni^roK
them —or whatever is available." ^The priest
Q :n\i7Kn "IK \i)}
answered David, "I have no ordinary bread "DK •'3 ']b "ITpK""! ]n3rTTIK 11"! IVI"!^
on hand; there is only consecrated bread nKyn h^bbp '7inri3 ij^-niî; n\£7K
provided the young men have kept away from '7"n "qn"! Kim wip wiv^ri-^b-j vn^')
women." În reply to the priest, David said, "I i'7-]n^V :-'^33 U/lp"" Di^n '3 iqKI
assure you that women have been kept from us, -•'3 an"? DU7 n^n-k'? '""s ii/np ]rT'3n
as always. Whenever I went on a mission, even
if the journey was a common one, the vessels

u^j^^ :'inp'prT Dvn an nnb hwb
of the young men were consecrated; all the more
then <^-may consecrated food be put into their
hyyj Kirin nv'2. b^kw ""inyn w-ik
vessels today.""^ 7So the priest gave him con-

secrated bread, because there was none there
except the bread of display, which had been re-
moved from the presence of the Lord, to be re-
placed by warm bread as soon as it was taken
q-q Lit. "rose up from beside."

r Identical with the "Ezel Stone," v. 19.
a-a Meaning of Heb. umenain. 4QSam'' (cf- Septiiagint) reads

"made an appointment with [my] young men at..."
b Lit. "five."
c-c Meaning of Heb. uncertain in pan.

620
—
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 22.2 n3 K "7X1)3^7 D^K^nJ
away. ^Now one of Saul's officials was there T'nK 'pTKH AK1 ^)2p^ r[)r[i \:i^b
that day, ^-detained before the Lord;-'^ his name

was Doeg the Edomite, Saul's ''-chief herds-
man.-''
'^nn-D). ^3 Îp-iK n-'pn -^T-nnn
^David said to Ahimelech, "Haven't you got
a spear or sword on hand? I didn't take my
sword or any of my weapons with me, because
the king's mission was urgent." lOThe priest pnyn I n-'Brrnu/K ''nvib^n nf?^
said, "There is the sword of Goliath the Philis-
tine whom you slew in the valley of Elah; it is pK "'a nj? 'q'7-nipn nn'K-DK hiQKrr
over there, wrapped in a cloth, behind the ril)p3 i^K ni"! nnk^T ntn nnîT nnpK
ephod. If you want to take that one, take it, for
there is none here but that one." David replied,

"jap KirTri-Dl''n nnn"! i\i up^l"]^^
"There is none like it; give it to me."
1 iThat day David continued on his flight from
Saul and he came to King Achish of Gath. i-The nT-Kl'7n v^K nnv npKî
'u7''3K 12
courtiers of Achish said to him, "Why, that's nl^n?3n uy;' nib Kl'pn ynKPi "I'^p nn
David, king of the land! That's the one of whom "ir^Kb
they sing as they dance: i^rj^Kn iQ'^Kn ^bM<.\u nsn
Saul has slain his thousands;
n^nnn-i^ innn-in ini
David, his tens of thousands."
i^These words worried David and he became
inn"? -1 n^KH Dnnin-nK in um 13
l^ti^Tj 14 :nr'q^p \Lj'>2K \2$r2 nxp K^y^

very much afraid of King Achish of Gath. i-^So
he concealed his good sense from them; he

^n^^ DT3 '7'7nn''i Qn"'j"'i;3 InypTiK
feigned madness /-for their benefit.-/ He -bK inn T-ii"! "ly^n nin^^-'?:; Vn;""!
scratched marks on the doors of the gate and mn T'ini;-'7K u;"'3k "ipK^Tis :1jj7t
let his saliva run down his beard. iSAnd Achish in'K wnri ni^b vin\ui2 \ij->k iKin
said to his courtiers, "You see the man is raving; nKnrr-'3 pK b^vû/p ipni6 :i^k
why bring him to me? i^Do I lack madmen that ''7^
-bK Kin^ nrn vjiJiu/n^ !î"^^
you have brought this fellow to rave for me?
Should this fellow enter my house?"
9?
Ami^md David departed from there and escaped
to the cave" of AduUam; and when his brothers
-b^ u^p""! Qti7p hiT q'7''.i ID
and all his father's house heard, they joined him
vb'ii iîpn;''! 2 : npu; T''7K n-i""! vix
down there. Êveryone who was in straits and
everyone who was in debt and everyone who
d-d /.c, excluded from the shrine, perhaps because of ritual

impurity,
e-e Meaning ofHeb. uncertain,
f-f Lit. "in their hand"; meaning ofHeb. uncertain.
a The "cave" in v. I is referred to as "stronghold" in w. 4-5; cf.
the same variation in 2 Sam. 23.1.^-14; 1 Chron. 11.15-16.

621
NEVi'iM I SAMUEL 22.2 33 K '7Kinu; D-'N-'nj
was desperate joined him, and he became their
leader; there were about four hundred men with

him. -^David went from there to Mizpeh of q'pp-'^N I "iJOK""! nKin nsyn n\^n iTi
Moab, and he said to the king of Moab, "Let
my father and mother come [and stay] with you,

-riK nj;'"! • : "'nb'K '>b-r[\uvy7Ti2 vik
until I know what God will do for me." '*So he
''led them to'' the king ofMoab, and they stayed
^rii-b^ mv iiiu/;'"! nKin "^bri •'jq
with him as long as David remained in the li npK'i 3 D : n-iw)35 -ii'n-ni-'n
stronghold." 5But the prophet Gad said to Da-

vid, "Do not stay in the stronghold; go at once
to the territory of Judah." So David left and went D :n-i.n IV."'.
to the forest of Hereth.
6When Saul heard that David and the men

with him had been located — Saul was then in
"inyj T'-Tni;-'7Di ii^n irr'jni nip-in
Gibeah, sitting under the tamarisk tree on the
height, spear in hand, with all his courtiers in
"nyan viiivh b^k\u "DpN"!" -.vbv
attendance upon him — ^Saul said to the court-
iers standing about him, "Listen, men of Ben-

jamin! Will the son of Jesse"^ give fields and vine-
yards to ever)' one of you? And will he make all
-uv '>n-ni2'3. ^'JTN-riK nâ'T'K") ''^v
of you captains of thousands or captains of hun-
-riK nVji ibv 03)3 n'7n-T'K') 'u;:'"'[3
dreds? Hs that why all of you have conspired
against me? For no one informs me when my
D :n;Tri UV3
own son makes a pact with the son of Jesse; no
one is me and no one informs
concerned'' for
me when my own son has set my servant 'in nlj K3 ""u/Tin-nK "rr'Nl "i)?i<''i bM<iw
ambush-^ against me, as is now the case." ^b-hi<,\^1^ 10 : munK-]3 •q^)p•'^^<:-'7K
^Doeg the Edomite, who was standing among n^â nnn nk^ ^b jnj htyt nin-in
the courtiers of Saul, spoke up: "I saw the son
î<ipb T|'7)3n nbw'^) n :i'7 ]ri3 Tiu/'Êan
of Jesse come to Ahimelech son of Ahitub at
-'73 HKT ]n3n ^lu^n^-in T|'7n"'nN-nK
Nob. '"He inquired of the Lord on his behalf
iK'n^T 3J3 nu/N D"'3n'3rT vnK n^2
and gave him provisions; he also gave him the
b^k\LJ "DpK""! 1^ D :"q'7)an-'7K d'73
sword of Goliath the Philistine." "Thereupon
the king sent for the priest Ahimelech son of
Ahitub and for all the priests belonging to his Drnu;p nrpb '71ku; v^k iVk idk''"! '^
father's house at Nob. They all came to the king,
'2and Saul said, "Listen to me, son' of Ahitub."
"Yes, my lord," he replied. '-Ând Saul said to

him, "Why have you and the son of Jesse con-
b-b Targum and Syriae read "left them with.'

d For this meaning o/holeh. cf. Amos 6.6.
e-e Septuaginl reads "as an enemy.
622
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 22.23 33 K "7X1)3^; Q-'K-'3J
spired against me? You gave him food and a
sword, and inquired of God for him — that he D :n;Tri ni^3

may rise ''in ambush-^ against me, as is now the
case."
np"! q'pTan ]nn'! ])3kj "ni3 ^^nny-^Dn
i4Ahimelech repUed to the king, "But who is
there among all your courtiers as trusted as Da-

vid, son-in-law of Your Majesty and /-obedient
n''rT'7Kn '\b-bK\ijh bM^wb 'riVnn
to your bidding, -/and esteemed in your house- nni I'lnyn "^bj^ri tz;^-'7K ^b n^-'^pn
hold? i5This is the first time that I inquired of -b^:^ ^"12); vji'iib ^3 ^nx n''3-'733
God for him; si have done no wrong. -^ Let not 'r\br2r[ -inK^'T i6 : bî^ Ik fui? nn^ riKT
Your Majesty find fault with his servant [or]
with any of my father's house; for your servant

o'lniârT n^yn^ "^bipri "ij3K''"ii7 :"^"'nK
knew nothing whatever about all this." i^But the
bn^-DA '3 nin;" 'jns i in-'pni inp vbv
king said, "You shall die, Ahimelech, you and
iÂnd the king com-
^b:x iib-] Kin n^3-'3 ivt '3'i "Ti"i"nv
all your father's house."
manded the guards standing by, "Turn about "^bipri nny inK'x'pi "'Jtk ijtktik
and kill the priests of the Lord, for they are in D -.nyn'' ""Jprbn v'^s^ QT-jik riû;^
league with David; they knew he was running

away and they did not inform me." But the
king's servants would not raise a hand to strike
"ipTKn :)iKii m nD='i 'Jn'33 yâ^
Kinn nv"^ i
niî) D"'irT'33 kin-y^sî
down the priests of the Lord. i^Xhereupon the
:i3 liDK Kpi \LJik nii^pnT n-'Jbu;
king said to Doeg, "You, Doeg, go and strike
down the priests." And Doeg the Edomite went
and struck down the priests himself; that day,
he killed eighty-five men ''-who wore the linen :n-in-'3^ nU/T "iinni
ephod.-'' i9He put Nob, the town of the priests, munK-]3 '"q^pbTiK^ "fO^'l? u'^'p^'lô
to the sword: men and women, children and in- Tiî'121 :"rn ''J^^ •^"J?""! "1^??^ '^W^
fants, oxen, asses, and sheep — [all] to the sword. •'jns riK b^k\LJ Ann '3 I'lib "inpK
20But one son of Ahimelech son of Ahitub
uv:^ ^nvil "1^?^^^ "fll "iKJKî 22 mrr^
escaped — his name was Abiathar — and he fled
nAn-'3 ^biKH AKli pn buz-^s
:
Kinn
to David. 21 When Abiathar told David that Saul
n"'3 \z;3r'733 'nip ^3Jk '71ku;^ i->p_
had killed the priests of the Lord, 22David said
to Abiathar, "I knew that day, when Doeg the -"1U7K 12 KTri-b'K ^riK n3U7 23 :'^"'3K
Edomite was there, that he would tell Saul. I '-am -"3 "^lU/arriK mj^^^ w^yni<> u/jpn^
to blame for all the deaths-' in your father's
house. 23Stay with me; do not be afraid; for

'whoever seeks your life must seek my life also.'
It will be my care to guard you."
/-/ Cf. Isa. 11.14; but meaning of Heb. uncertain.

g-g Lit. "Far be it from me!"
h-h Septuagint reads "hearers of the ephod": cf. note at 2.28.
i-i Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
623
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 23.1 A3 K b'KinW D''Ki3J
23 David was told: "The Philistines are
raiding Keilah and plundering the threshing
floors." -David consulted the Lord, "Shall I go

and attack those Philistines?" And the Lord said
to David, "Go; attack the Philistines and you will
save Keilah." -^But David's men said to him,

:n'7"'yp-nK nvu/im D-'ruf/'^s?
"Look, we are afraid here in Judah, how much
more if we go to Keilah against the forces of the n'Q iJmK nin v^k \t\ 'U/^k r^ni(,^^ 3
Philistines!" ''So David consulted the Lord

again, and the Lord answered him, "March iiT ily ^'DV^ 1 D : n''riu;'7Q nlDiyp
down at once to Keilah, for I am going to deliver
the Philistines into your hands." sDavid and his
n^-ivp ti, cnp.
D-'nu;'73-nK ]nj "'Jk-"'3
men went to Keilah and fought against the Phil-
istines; he drove off their cattle and inflicted a
^".T Dn^jpp-nK ^:\m''i n-'nu;'??? an'?""!
severe defeat on them. Thus David saved the in-
habitants of Keilah.
'3U;'"' riK Ti"! yw"! rh^^^'k nan nnn
f'When Abiathar son of Ahimelech fled to
David at Keilah, "-he brought down an ephod

with him.-" :n:j^ "TV TiQK n^^"'Vp
^Saul was told that David had come to Keilah,
and Saul thought, "God has delivered" him into
-lApj I? "ITS b^n'7K in'K nijj b^kvj
my hands, for he has shut himself in by entering
y)3\^^l« :n^"!=i^ Q^nb'T i^y:;! Kli^
a town with gates and bars." *^Saul summoned
rrrh r^^vh^^b nyn-'â-nK "7^^;
all the troops for war, to go down to Keilah and
besiege David and his men. ^When David
learned that Saul was planning" to harm him, n)3K^1 ny-jn u^nnp bMW v^y ""a li"!
he told the priest Abiathar to bring the ephod D :ilQKn rwun'n ]n3rT -in^nK-'^K
forward. 'OAnd David said, "O Lord, God of
Israel, Your servant has heard that Saul intends

-'7K Ki3^ bMW u/p^n-is "^"Tny yaw
to come to Keilah and destroy the town because
•'j-iADM 11 :ni3i;3 T^y"? nnu;^ n'7-'yi?
of me. "Will the citizens of Keilah deliver me
iu;k3 'îku; Ti.:in ii^n n^-jyi? ^'hv;^
into his hands? Will Saul come down, as Your
servant has heard? O Lord, God of Israel, tell
Kri^n '7K-)tf;:' •'ri'7K hin^ "îiny ynu;
Your servant!" And the Lord said, "He will." -ipK""! 12 :i").? mn'' nnK"! d ^"rny'?
'2David continued, "Will the citizens of Keilah

deliver me and my men into Saul's hands?" And
the Lord answered, "They will." ^So David and '
w-ik niKn-U7\i;3 t'^JN"! f")"! Di??1
'-^
his men, about six hundred in number, left

i3'7nn-' nu/KB i3'7nn''i n'7yi?n '^Ky'i
Keilah at once and moved about wherever thev
624
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 23.25 13 K ^7X1^^7 CK-inj
could. And when Saul was told that David had n^^vjPD 1)1 u'7?3r-'3 liri b^^ûb^
got away from Keilah, he did not set out.
i4David was staying "-in the strongholds of
the wilderness [of Judah];" he stayed in the hill

n"'?p^ri-'73 ''71KU; ^nu/pnTi q^j.-nnn^n
country, in the wilderness of Ziph. Saul
searched for him constantly, but God did not
deliver him into his hands. iSDavid was once
i)!) w^rnK \u^2b b^KW k^1">2
at Horesh in the wilderness of Ziph, when David bi7^Ti6 D :nu7"i'nn c^nnnim

learned that Saul had come out to seek his life.
iÂnd Saul's son Jonathan came to David at
Horesh and encouraged him name

in [the of]
"iK bM<.\LJ T/'^Kypn iib '3 ktji-'^k
God. '''He said to him, "Do not be afraid: the
-n^HK 122M bkip-'-bv Tj'ppn nnxi
hand of my father Saul will never touch you.
:]3 vy ""nK '7iKU7-D)>i r[W)2b tjV
You are going to be king over Israel and I shall
be second to you; and even my father Saul

nu;"."! mTT> ""jq^ nnn nri-'ip inns"! is
knows this is so." iÂnd the two of them entered D : in""?^ i^bri jriJin'''] nu/in? hn
into a pact before the Lord. David remained i)2i<b nnvnAH '71ku;-'7k d^qt i^v^'i 19
in Horesh, and Jonathan went home. nnY?3n ^mv nnnpn yi xi^n

i9fcSome Ziphites went up to Saul in Gibeah
and said, "David is hiding among us in the
strongholds of Horesh, at the hill of Hachilah

: 1(71371 T!i l"i"'aprT Mb) in nin^ î^jan
south of Jeshimon. 20S0 if Your Majesty has the
1^ nri^b upiK n^Dnn b^k\Lj iipK'jpi
desire to come down, come down, and it will
be our task to deliver him into Your Majesty's

lyni i)v ^l^>'2'^[ Kri3^ 22 -.^bv n'7)pn
hands." 2 'And Saul replied, "May you be blessed
of the Lord for the compassion you have shown :K^'^[ D-iv? D1"!V ''% "^p^^ '?',°P '^>^^1
me! 22Go now and prepare further. Look lUJK D^xniiprT b:^'n ^vl^ ik-ii23
around and learn what places he sets foot on pfjr'^K ^'^K nnnu/'i nii; Knnri''
[and] who has seen him there, for I have been
told he is a very cunning fellow. 23Look around
:n-Fin"' ^pbK '7b3 inx 'nu/arri
and learn in which of all his hiding places he
has been hiding, and return to me when you "ri"]l bM<.\u î^b HDn iD^î ^"[^1)24
are certain. I wiU then go with you, and if he j-'P"'

'7K nnnyii jiyn "iînn vmi<^)
is in the region, I will search him out among Vjpnb' >u;jKi bM<.\iJ '^b^.)^^ :])'t2''p';r[
all the clans of Judah." "Qi)33 2Vj''^ y'7Dn "n^T ih"? njî
24They left at once for Ziph, ahead of Saul;
David and his men were then in the wilderness
of Maon, in the Arabah, to the south of

Jeshimon. 25When Saul and his men came to
search, David was told about it; and he went
b The meaning of many parts of 23.19 jf. is uncertain. The events

described in 23. 1 9-24.22 are partly paralleled in chapter 26, with
variations.
625
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 23.25 AD K bi<,^y2VJ niNnj
down to "the rocky region-'' and stayed in the 'Ti.l""'"i.nK qii''"! bM<,\u ypu;""! pvn
wilderness of Maon. On hearing this, Saul pur- inn -[^12 b^kuj "^h^)'-'^ :iiv)p "iniP
sued David in the wilderness of Maon. -^Saul Till HTJp "inn i;^p t'^^^1 "^n') ^f^
was making his way along one side of a hill,
"71^1:71 bî<,\u 'JQw nD'7'7 tshj in
and David and his men were on the other side
T'u;jK-'7Kl n.l''7K nnuy vi;ii<.)
of the hill. "David was trying hard to elude
Saul, men were trying to en-

and Saul and his
circle David and his men and capture them,"
-"when a messenger came and told Saul, "Come Til ''1^^ n"'"'^ ^"^^"^ ^^."o '**
'
yi^'7
quickly, for the Philistines have invaded the
land." -''*Saul gave up his pursuit of David and

went to meet the Philistines. That is why that
place came to be called the Rock of Separation."
24 David went from there and stayed in
the wildernesses of En-gedi. nnKD b^k\u nu; "iu/k3 "'rr'"! 2 -.
""ir ]>:;
-When Saul returned from pursuing the Phil-
istines, he was told that David was in the wil-
b^k^j nj?"!-^ d :"'1A pv inins
derness of En-gedi. ^So Saul took three thou-
7K-;t^T'73n "nn:n \ijik d^s^k nu/'û;
sand picked men from all Israel and went in
search of David and his men "in the direction

niy ""JQ'^v 'i"'V^J>?) "fll"^>^ îp.^^ "^b^."]
of the rocks of the wild goats;-" ''and he came -bv ]KVn nin"ir'7K Kn^f4 :n"'|7V''n
to the sheepfolds along the way. There was a i\pr[b bî<.\LJ K'nî nnyn nm ^"q-i-in
cave there, and Saul went in ''-to relieve him- niyjan "'pB-ii'ii t'^J>^"! in") i"''?^1"^^
self.-'' Now David and his men were sitting in
the back of the cave.

ni^n nin v^k lin •'li/JK nDK"")?
?David's men said to him, "This is the day of
]nj ^DJK nin "?i^'7k mn^ npK—iu/k
which the Lord said to you, T will deliver your
nu7K3 ^b rr't^y") "îâ ^^n^'K -i^n^K-riK
enemy into your hands; you can do with him
as you please.'" "^David went and stealthily cut
-t:jj3-nK n'-iD'"! liT nfp'ii ^""rv? ^^^
off the corner of Saul's cloak. ^But afterward ""IDK "'n^V' :u>'ii '7iK\f;'7-nu;K b^V'Bn
''David reproached himself-'' for cutting off rria nu/K bv inK n.'i'n'? "]"_) ]3
'-the corner of Saul's cloak.-^ ^He said to his
men, "The Lord forbid that I should do such nU;vK-Di< mnm ''b n'p"''7n vujî<.b
a thing to my lord — the Lord's anointed — that
1 should raise my hand against him; for he is
:Kin mn"" nû/n-^B in î^ ribwb
the Lord's anointed." "David rebuked" his men
and did not permit them to attack Saul.
a-a Meaning of Heb. uncertain,

"
h-b Lit. "to cover his feet. b'^vart r\i2 nx' -ms ^^^:2 > f
c Vv. 5b-6 read wtU after 8a.
"
d-d Lit. "David's heart struck him.
e-e So several mss. and ancient versiom; cf. v. 5. Most niss. and
editions read "Saul's comer.
" 626
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 24.20 13 K bKm\U QiK-inj
Saul left the cave and started on his way.
9Then David also went out of the cave and called

after Saul, "My lord king!" Saul looked around
'7^KU7-nnK nnyjarrp
"I'TpK"? xnp^'i
and David bowed low in homage, with his face
to the ground. lOAnd David said to Saul, "Why

do you listen to the people who say, 'David is
out to do you harm?' 1

1 You can see for yourself
DiK nn-i-jiK vppn niab b^k^;b
now that the Lord delivered you into my hands mnn :"^ny~i u/jpnp ih mn "i^^^b
in the cave today. And though «-I was urged" "^jnrnu7K nx ^•'j^y ik-j n-trr nl^'n
to kill you, I showed you pity;/ for I said, 'I will ^înb npKT nnyj3ii ^^Tn i uvn i r[)r[->
not raise a hand against my lord, since he is the 'JiKn ^•'"[T

nbvJK-iib -iTpKi '^''bv unriT
Lord's anointed.' i2piease, sir,i'^take a close look
aj HK"! ^nKT 12 : KiH mn;" n-'U/jp-'a
at the corner of your cloak in my hand; for when
I cut off the corner of your cloak, I did not kill
HKni VT T'^în Kb) "^^•'Vp H^stik
you. You must see plainly that I have done noth-
ing evil or rebellious, and I have never wronged "^b 'riKun-K'7'1 Wqt nyn n^2i yk°^'3
you. Yet you are bent on taking my life.i3May u3u;ti3 :nrini7'7 û;QrnK niy rin^)
the Lord judge between you and me! And may ''I'D ^rap mn^ 'Jpi^Ji 'qrni "rn nin;'
He take vengeance upon you for me, but my ^bp-n -iKJK'' nt^K3i4 : q|i-n;;rTri kb
hand will never touch you. 'Âs the ancient
kb nî yu/n Kyi. n''i7U7-in 'J')3"ri?n
proverb has it: 'Wicked deeds come from
'7K"it;^"' ^'pp KYT -"p nnK 15 :'qii-n;!rTn
wicked men!' My hand will never touch you.
1 Âgainst whom has the king of Israel come out?
nnK niQ n'pa ^nriK c]nh nnx m nnK
Whom are you pursuing? A dead dog? A single vpuj) ]hb mn^ n"'n') i6 nriK u;V"!3
flea? '6May the Lord be arbiter and may He juQu/i") 'nn-riK itt kti "^j-ini 'j-'^
judge between you and me! May He take note
and uphold my cause, and vindicate me against Dnn^n-riK 'îlb "ri^ ni^DB i ^ri'') 17
you." HT Tj^pn b^k\u iipK""! '7iKu;-'7K hbkri

i^When David finished saying these things to
h)3K^l i«
:';in:'T l^'p '7^KU7 Kti^^T 11T ijn
Saul, Saul said, "Is that your voice, my son Da-
nriK ""B ""^rajp nrix p^^y "fll"'^^
vid?" And Saul broke down and wept. i*^He said
to David, "You are right, not I; for you have

treated me generously, but I have treated you nu/K n.K Dl^n niArr nriKi hki 19
badly. i^Yes, you have just revealed how gen-

erously you treated me, for the Lord delivered ^\U''K Ky?p"'-'p120 :ijrinrT KÎ ^T21
me into your hands and you did not kill me. niH"') nniu ^np inû/i in^'K-riK
20If a man meets his enemy, does he let him go nnn nniu
-i\^K nfn ni=|rT "jipû/^
his way unharmed? Surely, the Lord will reward
you generously for ''-what you have done for me
/ Understanding the Heb. tn an ellipsis o/wattahos 'eni (cf, e.g.,

Deut 7.16).
g Lit. "[my] father, " cf. 2 Kings 5.13.

h-h MeaningofHeb. uncertain. Emendation yields "the generosity
you have shown me."
627
NEvi'iM 1 SAMUEL 24.20 13 K bKm\U D^K^nj
this day.-'' 211 know now that you will become :'7K")\f7'? n^burz -TITS n)pj7i "qi^pn
king, and that the kingship over Israel will re-
main in your hands. --So swear to me by the

Lord that you will not destroy my descendants
or wipe out my name from my father's house."
--^David swore to Saul, Saul went home, and Da-
vid and his men went up to the strongholds.
25 Samuel died, and all Israel gathered and -b^ lYni?"] '7Kinu7 nrii) i Iw
made lament for him; and they buried him in
Ramah, his home.

David went down to the wilderness of Paran."
^\:;"'Kni '7)3"!3n inu/yni livnn u/'ikv
-There was a man in Maon whose possessions
q^KT wpbK-nvJb]!) ]K'2^ ^b^ ikn b'\i^
were in Carmel. The man was very wealthy; he
owned three thousand sheep and a thousand
up) 3 : ^^-133 UK^-HK run 'rT'l D^TV
goats. At the time, he was shearing his sheep in
Carmel. -The man's name was Nabal, and his

wife's name was Abigail. The woman was innil vnp") 4 :
-13^3 uVs Kini D"''7î7)p
telligent and beautiful, but the man, a Calebite, n'7\z;'>Ts :lJKy-nK b^2 th-'b nîâii
was a hard man and an evildoer. 'David was
nny^^ i\-i inK''"! Dnyj rT^^Jy ni
in the wilderness when he heard that Nabal
-nn^NU/T 'înr'^K nnK^T n^^"i3 i^y
was shearing his sheep. ^David dispatched ten
\n^ n3 Dni)pKV^ -^^bujb -"DU/n sb
young men, and David instructed the young
men, "Go up to Carmel. When you come to Na- 3l^~iu;>f Vdi ni'û; "^rr'ni u'\b\LJ hfikt
bal, greet him in my name. ^Say ''as follows: To nny 'r\b w^m •'b ^nviQVJ nnvi Qi'p^ ' -
life!'' Greetings to you and to your household mip^pn i<b ijjpv vri ^'7—iu;k wvin
and to all that is yours! Î hear that you are now unvri ^r2^'b:2 rimkr^ nnb lp^^yi<b^
doing your shearing. As you know, your shep-
herds have been with us; we did not harm them,
•ii-'7i7-i3 ?]'>j-'i;3 ]n nnyîn ikyn^'i
and nothing of theirs was missing all the time
they were in Carmel. Âsk your young men and

they will tell you. So receive these young men
graciously, for we have come on a festive oc-
-'733 b2ybi<, nn-ci t)"| nyj ik'^î -^
casion. Please give your servants and your son

David whatever you can.'"
'^David's young men went and delivered this
message to Nabal in the name of David. When

they stopped speaking, '"Nabal answered Da-
vid's servants, "Who is David? Who is the son
a Septuagint reads "Maon. " cf. v. 2 and 2i.24, 25.

b-b Meaning of Heh. iimertain.
628
—
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 25.22 ns K "7X1)3^; D''K''iJ
of Jesse? There are many slaves nowadays who

run away from their masters, 'i Should I then ^jpn^-riK 'nnp^TH -.vpK 'jq^ u/^k
take my bread and my water/ and the meat that "nnnu 1U7K ""nnnu nxi '')3^)3-nKi
I slaughtered for my own shearers, and give
them to men who come from I don't know
where?" i2Thereupon David's young men re-
"733 i"? ^'lp^ ixn^T inu/î 0311^
traced their steps; and when they got back, they
told him all this. iÂnd David said to his men,
"Gird on your swords." Each girded on his u/îK \i^m lii-in-riK vj-iK i n^n
sword; David too girded on his sword. About 13-in-nK in-DA iAni'i -iiin-riK
four hundred men went up after David, while \Lj''k nlx?3 V3-)K3 i]i nriK i i^y^T
two hundred remained with the baggage.
i40ne of [Nabal's] young men told Abigail,
nnK-ni7J "[""An "7^^ nu/K ^b'^rnxî 14
Nabal's wife, that David had sent messengers
from the wilderness to greet their master, and
that he had spurned'' them. i5"But the men had
been very friendly to we were not harmed, us; iKp ^:b a^nb "'î/jKni 15 :nn3 vv''^
nor did we miss anything all the time that we -'73 rimk'D iJii^Q-k'p'i ^^Jp^pn kî
went about with them while we were in the :n7tF3 ^Jnlîns nnx ^JD^pririrr ^j?;'
open. i6They were a wall about us both by night

pv-na n^^^-D^ ij-'^py vri npln le
and by day all the time that we were with them

:]k2fn D-iyn npv ^Jp'i"'n ''p"'-'73
tending the flocks. i^So consider carefully what
nn'73-'3 ^ti/yrrnp '•'KI^ "'Vt rinv") 17
you should do, for harm threatens our master
Kini ln"'3-'73 ^7:71 ij''™-'7k ny-jn
and all his household; he is such a nasty fellow
that no one can speak to him."
iÂbigail quickly got together two hundred U'>ni<,)2 "njprn. '7ipnK '^^juk nnjpn"! is
loaves of bread, two jars of wine, five dressed nnu/y ]Ky MJrin) T'^""''73J wim an^
sheep, five seahs of parched corn, one hundred
cakes of raisin, and two hundred cakes of
: D-'-!")3nri-'7i7 u\un) n^^ni a^nKpT
pressed figs. She loaded them on asses, iând
jîrT 'js^ miJ C^nV^^ nnKriii9
she told her young men, "Go on ahead of me,
: n-p^n Kb b^} nuz-'Kî nK3 D3"'-inK
and I'll follow you"; but she did not tell her hus-
band Nabal. 20She was riding on the ass and go- h-iy) nl?bnn-'7y nn3'"i 1 K^r\ r['^^r[) 20
ing down a trail'' on the hill, when David and DHT V]u2i^'] hn mni "inn "inpn
his men appeared, coming down toward her; °"qK i)3K in")-' '-^V^ ^'^3^1 nriKnp^
and she met them. - 1 Now David had been say- 131)33 h6 n\^K-'73-nK "'ni)pU7 i\?,'^b
ing, "It was all for nothing that I protected that
nniKp 1^-nu;K-'73p ip.3rk'7i
-3u;,^l
fellow's possessions in the wilderness, and that
u^ribK nti/y-ns 22 : n3'iu nnn nvi ''b
nothing he owned is missing. He has paid me
back evil for good. ^^May God do thus and more
c Septiiagint reads "wine," and cf. v. 18.
629
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 25.22 ns K '7K1)3U; D->K-':ij
to ''the enemies of'' David if, by the light of -b^r? TiKU/K-DN tq">p"' nbi ni 'n^'K^
morning, I leave ''a single male-^' of his."
-HVhen Abigail saw David, she quickly dis-

inrii "innni ti^tik '^'PnK K'^n^ 23
mounted from the ass and threw herself face

n"'i9-'7V Tl"] ""Sis'? b^^^ linnrr bijri
down before'' David, bowing to the ground.
vbjn-bv ^'7'!3ni24 :y-iK inriu/ni
-^Prostrate at his feet, she pleaded, "Let the
blame be mine, my lord, but let your handmaid

speak to you; hear your maid's plea. 25piease, : "^riDK nni riK ynu;i T'Î^^^ "^nnK
my lord, pay no attention to that wretched fel- '\Lj'>ii-bK lii'?"nK I ""JiK UW1 i<^ybK 25
low Nabal. For he is just what his name says:
His name means 'boor' and he is a boor.
"Your handmaid did not see the young men

whom my lord sent. ~^\ swear, my lord, as the
Lord lives and as you live — the Lord who has Ki^p '^\î<. Tju/Dr-ipi
)-['\r\'' ^li/jp
kept you from seeking redress by blood with
your own hands — let your enemies and all who vn;' nnv^ ']b Tpi yu/lm n-ip-in
would harm my lord fare like Nabal! 27Here 'jnK-'7K D"'u;i7nprn ^"'n^K "^np
is the present which your maidservant has
brought to my lord; let it be given to the young
men who are the followers of my lord, ^spiease
KJ Ntp2;< oj-iK ''7n3 D-'D^nnjan
pardon your maid's boldness. For the Lord will
grant my lord an enduring house, because my
"nK mn^ ni)3n'7?p-'3 jdkj n^n îiiKb
lord is fighting the battles of the Lord, and no
wrong is ever to be found in you. 29And if any-
one sets out to pursue you and seek your life,
û/arriK \Lj^,^b^ "^^jib d-ik up^l^ 29
the life of my lord will bo bound up in the bundle

of life in the care of the Lord; but He will fling
away the lives of your enemies as from the hol- ">:2 nini-ô -.vb^^ri tjs înn mv^p"'
low of a sling. 30And when the Lord has ac-
-riK i3^n\z;K Vds 'jik'? n'ln"' nwv?
complished for my lord all the good He has
promised you, and has appointed you ruler of
îi^Dp^T njîQ^ '7\b I riKT n";.nri k^v"
Israel, ^'do not let this be a cause of stumbling
and of faltering courage to my lord that you have V''^p^^b^ nin b^-;i9U7î ""jik^ -^b
shed blood needlessly and that my lord sought n"iDTi ''hKb n)U'' :iu"'ni '\b ^pi<.
redress with his own hands. And when the Lord

has prospered my lord, remember your maid." -iTibK nin"" ^nn br2i<.b iti inK"! 32
^^David said to Abigail, "Praised be the Lord, '•riK-ip'? HTn uvn "^nbv; -iiz;k bi<.-w''
:
the God of Israel, who sent you this day to

"'jri'73 -iu;k nK ^2^•^1^ qnyu "qnni '3
meet me! -^-'And blessed be your prudence, and

''b ""T" i;\:;m "•nin Kl3n hth uvn
:
blessed be you yourself for restraining me from
d-d The phrase I5 intended to avoid the imprecation of lia\-id

agaiml himself: it is lacking in the Septuagint.
e-e Lit. 'one who pees against a wall.
630
—
NEvi'iM 1 SAiVIUEL 25.44 n3 K bi<.^t2\U D''K-'iJ
seeking redress in blood by my own hands 34For . n\i7K hk-îu^^ ^rf'^K nin^-^n '71K134
as sure as the Lord, the God of Israel, lives
who has kept me from harming you —had you -inli-DK ''s 'riKnp'7 nKriFii ^n^nm
not come quickly to meet me, not ^'-a single
:T'i73 ]''n\LJ'i2 li^'nn ilK-iv b^^b
male-'' of Nabal's line would have been left by
daybreak." 35£)avid then accepted from her
•'x-i -\n^:ib l'7u;^ ""^v -inK nb)
what she had brought him, and he said to her,
:T]ij3 Kti7Ki ^'?1p'n ^nv-nvj
"Go up to your home safely. See, I have heeded
your plea and respected your wish." '1'7-mni 'î^r'^K I b'>p2i<. knrT! 36
36\vhen Abigail came home to Nabal, he was 'b22 :lb^ "^bi^n nnp'n:^ iri"'n3 nnpri
having a feast in his house, a feast fit for a king; -i<b^ TKp-iy nau; Kini vbv nlu
Nabal was in a merry mood and very drunk, so
: ii7':nn -iik-iv b^l)^ fuj? nn^ 1^ ny^ri
she did not tell him an)1:hing at all until day-
i'^-iAni b'iim ]^'ir[ riK^^n ij^nn ^n;'i 37
break. 37The next morning, when Nabal had
slept off the wine, his wife told him ever)1;hing
that had happened; and his courage died within nnwy? ^rf"! 38 :
iik"? n^ri Kim in"ii?n
him, and he became like a stone. 38About ten :nn^l '^nrriK mn;" q^T nâ^n
days later the Lord struck Nabal and he died.
39When David heard that Nabal \vas dead, he b±i 11)2 'riQnn nn-UK'n-j nu/K nin^
said, "Praised be the Lord who championed b^} nyn hxi nynp ^pn nnvriKi
my cause against the insults of Nabal and held
back His servant from wrongdoing; the Lord
'\b nnnp"? '7"'p;i]<:5 iniî tit n'pu;''"!
has brought Nabal's wrongdoing down on his
own head."
bi,r-2K-bi<, 1)1 nny mn^Tô -.-nx^Kb
David sent messengers /-to propose marriage ^2nb\ui)i i)3Kyn"'^K n^Tl n^p-ian
to-/Abigail, to take her as his wife. -lOWhen Da- Di7rn.4i -.ux^Kb '\b "qrinp^ q-'^x
vid's servants came to Abigail at Carmel and

told her that David had sent them to her to make 'iny -'bî ynib' nn^pb '^nnx
her his wfe, "îshe immediately bowed low with
n3-im. b^r2i< Di^rii -iruarri-i: ^nx
her face to the ground and said, "Your hand-
nlD'pnrT n^nnyj ûrim -iDbnrr-Vy
maid is ready to be your maidser\'ant, to wash
the feet of my lord's servânts." -i-Then Abigail
•.r[fi<,b
rose quickly and mounted an ass, and with five
of her maids in attendance she followed David's bKViv'D ITT nj?^ ay'rnK-nKi43
messengers; and she became his wife.
-*3Now David had taken Ahinoam of Jezreel; n."! nu7K Inn '73''?p-nK ]nj '71ku;i44
so both of them became his wives. -^-iSaul had
given his daughter Michal, David's wife, to Palti
son of Laish from Gallim.
/-/ Lif. "and spoke for"; cj. Song of Songs 8.8.
631
NEvfiM 1 SAMUEL 26.1 13 K bi<.^r2\LJ ••k-'^j
26 "The Ziphites came to Saul at Gibeah

and said, "David is hiding in the hill of Hachilah
facing Jeshimon." -Saul went down at once to
the wilderness of Ziph, together with three

u''pbi<.-n\ubp inKi tqif—inip-'^K h-ih
thousand picked men of Israel, to search for
-n.-]-nK u/^n^ ^^1^'' 'l'"^? ^'^
David in the wilderness of Ziph, -"ând Saul en-
camped on the hill of Hachilah which faces

nran b^k\u inî^ : r^-'T-iiainn
When David, who was 'q"iirT"'7y ]>3"'\^:'n 'J3''7V ~iu;k n'p-'priri

Jeshimon, by the road.
then living in the wilderness, learned that Saul
had come after him into the wilderness, -iDa- "''pnn 11T nb\Ij'>^J :n-i3i)3n vinK
vid sent out scouts and made sure that Saul "ri"i Di?"^"!
s : li3r'7K bM<.\u Kn-13 yTi
had come. ^David went at once to the place
where Saul had encamped, and David saw the

D\z;-nDu; iu/k nlp)3n-nK lii k")"."]
spot where Saul and his army commander,
^b'\i<>\u) iKny-iu/ "ir]n "ij^kt bmuj
Abner son of Ner, lay asleep. Saul lay asleep in-
side the barricade'' and the troops were posted

around him.
f'David spoke up and asked Ahimelech the
Hittite and Abishai son of Zeruiah, Joab's

brother, "Who will go down with me into the
camp to Saul?" And Abishai answered, "I will
go down with you." "So David and Abishai ap-

proached the troops by night, and found Saul
b^k]ij mm h'?-''? bvn-'7K i •>\Lj12i<,^
yiKrn3ii;>3 irr'jm 7^y)33 ]\ui ^2\i7

fast asleep inside the barricade,'' his spear stuck
in the ground at his head, and Abner and the
troops sleeping around him. ^Ând Abishai said

to David, "God has delivered your enemy into
your hands today. Let me pin him to the ground

with a single thrust of the spear. will not have
I
-bii in n)3K^T^ -Ab mu7K kb) nnx
to strike him twice." ''But David said to Abishai,
"Don't do him violence! No one can lay hands

on the Lord's anointed with impunity." '"And
David went on, "As the Lord lives, the Lord
Himself will strike him down, or his time will n'7"''7n 11 :n3DJT IT' n?pn'7?33 IK nni
come and he will die, or he will go down to battle mn^ n-'U/nn n^ n'rwn ri^n^'n ^^b
and perish. "But the Lord forbid that should 1

inwK-in niyK n^'inirrriK Krnp nnvf
lay a hand on the Lord's anointed! Just take the
.Mb hd'^jt D-iDn nnsy-riKi T-nu/Kip
spear and the water jar at his head and let's be
nnBVHKT n^Jnn-riK -n~r ni?"")
'^
off." '2So David took away the spear and the wa-
(I Cf.23.19 and note.

b Meaning of Heb. uncertain: cf. 17.20.
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 26.21 13 K '7Kir3U; n''K''nj
ter jar at Saul's head, and they left. No one saw I^Ki DH^ ^Dî'i b^k\u ^n\IjK'^)2 b"')3n
or knew or woke up; all remained asleep; a deep

sleep from the Lord had fallen upon them.
i3David crossed over to the other side and
"irin-U7K'n-'7i7 iJpy;'"! nnvnhiT inyni 13
stood afar on top of a hill; there was considerable

ih K^p"! 14 : DH-'j-'n Dli7)3ri nn pnnp
distance between them. iÂnd David shouted
to the troops and to Abner son of Ner, "Ab-

Kl^n 'irâb nr]n -ijnK-'7KT tiV'7"^K
ner, aren't you going to answer?" And Abner

shouted back, "Who are you to shout at the nil "lUK'"! 15 Q :Tl'7)3n-'7K JlKli?
king?" i5And David answered Abner, "You are
a man, aren't you? And there is no one like

^'J1K-'7K nnbu; kb n)3î '7K"it:7^n
you in Israel! So why didn't you keep watch
-riK n-'nu/n^ uvn inx Kn-^3 '^by^n
over your lord the king? For one of [our] troops
h-TH "in^n nli3-K'7i6 :'?i''nK '^brzn
came to do violence to your lord the king. i^You
have not given a good account of yourself! As
the Lord lives, [all of] you deserve to die, be- -'7V D"'™-'7V Dn~i)3u;-K'7 nU7K
cause you did not keep watch over your lord, iT'jn-'K HKl I
nnvi np^ n^'U/n
the Lord's anointed. Look around, where are inu7Nnj3 -)\LJi<. wipri nnQy-nxi "n^Jsn
the king's spear and the water jar that were at
his head?"
^Îpn "IpKÎ TIT '7li7-nK^'71K\i7 "13^1 17
i^Saul recognized David's voice, and he

asked, "Is that your voice, my son David?" And
ipy nnx qin •>pK n|. riipb '^y2i<h is
David replied, "It is, my lord king." 'Ând he
went on, "But why does my lord continue to

nnvi 19 : nyn 'Ts-nni 'n^ti/y nrz ^3
pursue his servant? What have I done, and what nnv '"l.=iT riK T|^)3rT ^pK kri/pu/^
wrong am I guilty of? I'^Now let my lord the
king hear his servant out. If the Lord has incited

you against me, let Him be appeased'^ by an mn;" n'pnjn nQnprrn ni^n ''iW']^
offering; but if it is men, may they be accursed
nnvi -" :D^")nK n"'rf'7K ibv '^'7 ibK'?
of the Lord! For they have driven me out today,
mn^ ^J3 iîp ny-iK ^mî bB''-bi<,
so that I cannot have a share in the Lord's pos-
session, but am told, 'Go and worship other
gods.' 20Oh, let my blood not fall to the ground, :nnri3 Kipn îy, -iu/ks inx
'3 "fi']-'J3 "AW 'riKun '7iku;°"i)pK''!2i
away from the presence of the Lord! For the
king of Israel has come out to seek a single "U/DJ nnp^ '^\UK nnr\i'\ij\b ynx-K""?
flea — as if he were hunting a partridge in the
hills."
2iAnd Saul answered, "I am in the wrong.

Come back, my son David, for I will never harm
you again, seeing how you have held my life pre-
c Cf. Amos 5.21.
633
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 26.21 13 k'^KIWU; nî<^::j
cious this day. Yes, I have been a fool, and I have n^wKT 'n^3pn mn r[^ri uvn "îj-ivs
erred so very much." --David repHed, "Here is ri^n "lUK''") ni iv"."!" :"f'i<« ^^"^^
Your Majesty's spear. Let one of the young men nnv^nn ihk iny^T "^^ypri n^jn n^jnn
come over and get it. 23And the Lord will re-
quite every man for his right conduct and

hvri mn"" "^jnj °iu7k "injaK-riKT
loyalty — for this day the Lord delivered you
I
into my' hands and I would not raise a hand

against the Lord's anointed. 24And just as I val- Dl^n -û/Dj nbi} '^\pi<3 nirri ^4 : nin^
ued your life highly this day, so may the Lord nini ""ry^ ""wqj bj).r\ ]3 ""rv^ nTn
value my life and may He rescue me from all
trouble." -SSaul answered David, "May you be

blessed, my son David. You shall achieve, and
'73^n y^^ d;"! nu/yn
you shall prevail."
David then went his way, and Saul returned

home.
77
^ / David said to himself, "Some day I shall
certainly perish at the hands of Saul. The best '>2 niu "''7"i"'K "^wuz-Tii inK'Di"'
thing for me is to flee to the land of the Phil-
istines; Saul will then give up hunting me

'7inA-'7D3 111; 'Ju/pn'? bM<.p ^mn
throughout the territory of Israel, and I will es-
cape him." -So David and the six hundred men

with him went and crossed over to King Achish
-bK mv n\^K w^K niKn-u/u/") k^h
son of Maoch of Gath. -^David and his men
stayed with Achish in Gath, each man with his
family, and David with his two wives, Ahinoam
the lezreelite and Abigail wife of Nabal the Car- "rA;'"|4 :n"''7?p-i3ri '7nrnu;K "îrnN"!
melite. 4And when Saul was told that David had
fled to Gath, he did not pursue him any more.
D •.wp'2.b liy
5David said to Achish, "If you please, let a
TlKyn KJ-DK U;"'3K-'7K 111 '^^t2i<^^ 5
place be granted me in one of the country towns
where I can live; why should your servant re- nv nnK3 Dip)p "''^-ijit' ^'J"'V3 ]n
main with you in the royal city?" <Ât that time ^"inv nu/-" r^)3b^ u\lj nnu;KT mu/n
Achish granted him Ziklag; that is how Ziklag \:;^3K i'7-]n''> :^r2V n:^b}2y2r[ Tiy^
came to belong to the kings of Judah, as is still ^bpy nn-in ]2b ybpy-n^ Mnri ai"?
the case. ^The length of time that David lived
in Philistine territory was a year and four

niu/n ITT nu;^-"i\^K w^n^n lEiDn
months.
:D"'u;"in nyniK") w'tz^ D"'nu;'7D
men went up and
•'David and his
Geshurites, the Gizrites, and the Amalekites

raided the
mmn-'7K iu\i;3''T v\u}K^ m "^vt*
•'T'3- inK noiJ3

d So many mss.; other nns. and editwm omit.
634
NEVi'iM 1 SAiMUEL 28.6 n3 K bKM2]U QiK^J
who were the inhabitants of the region of
01am," all the way to Shur and to the land of

Eg)'pt.
—'^When David attacked a region, he
would leave no man or woman alive; he would
take flocks, herds, asses, camels, and clothing.
K'nî 3^7=11 nnni ^'^pat nn'^^rn.
When he returned and came^ to Achish,
lOAchish would ask, "Where^^ did you raid to-
day?" and Da\id would reply, "The Negeb'^ of

Judah," or "the Xegeb of the Jerahmeelites," or u/^KiH -.^p^n îJ-b'Ki ^'7Knni='rT n;j
"the Negeb of the Kenites." i iDa\id would leave
no man or woman alive to be brought to Gath;

for he thought, "They might tell about us: David
did this." Such was his practice as long as he
stayed in the territorv' of the Philistines.
i-Achish trusted David. He thought: •^'-"He has
aroused the wrath ofi^his own people Israel, and D :a'7iy my'?
so he will be mv vassal forever."
28 x\t that time the Philistines mustered n2

their forces for war, to take the field against n'pn'7 ^2^b DH^JiiD-nx n^nu/''7D
Israel. Achish said to David, "You know, of
course, that you and your men must march out
with my forces." -Da\'id answered Achish, "You
yin nriN p^ \:7''3k-'7k iti la^;'''!-
surely know what your ser\'ant will do." "In that
case," Achish replied to David, "I will appoint

\:/^3K i^pK"! ^"iny nu;yri^>? ^k
you my bodyguard for hfe."
3«Now Samuel had died and all Israel made

lament for him; and he was buried in his owti
town of Ramah. And Saul had forbidden :

re-
n^pn b^k^j^ n^ym njpi.n innnpî
course to] ghosts and familiar spirits in the land.
:yiKnn n^jyi^'n-UKi nin'Kn
^The Philistines mustered and they marched
to Shunem and encamped; and Saul gathered
ijn;'! b'i<-iu;T'73-nK b'\i<,\u y'sp"!
all Israel, and they encamped at Gilboa. ?\\'hen
njiiD-nx bM<>\u K'yî :y3^^3
Saul saw the Philistine force, his heart trembled
with fear. Ând Saul inquired of the Lord, but bK\;7='T6 :lK)p 13^7 Tin;'! KH^'T ^nw'7D
QA mn^ imy i<b^ nin''3 '"^^ku;
a Septuagint reads "Telam" "Telaim" in 15.4; and "Telem"
in Josh. 15.24).
(cf.
:DK"'333 u^ DmK3 DJ nln'^ns
b Change of vocalization yields "brought it"; cf. v. 11.
c So some mss. and Targum; Septiiagint and 4QSam^ read "]j<" nnx ncuii v. lo.
"Whom."
d I.e., the part of the Negeb occupied by these clans,
e-e Cf. note at 13.4.
a The rest of this chapter would read well after chapters 29 and
30.
635
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 28.6 n3 K '7K1)3U; D-'K-'^J
the Lord did not answer him, either by dreams

or by Urim'' or by prophets. ^Then Saul said to
his courtiers, "Find me a woman who consults
-n^yii nvjK mn r^K viiiv nnK"")
ghosts, so that I can go to her and inquire
niT iw^ niK
through her." And his courtiers told him that
woman En-dor who consulted

DnnK D"'7^3 u^?^^l "îK^ t^^snn"'! »
there was a in
ghosts.
"b'K iK'nî i?3V b"'\:;jK \2\Lj^ Kin ^^".i
^Saul disguised himself; he put on different ^^ KJ-"'J3pi7 ^mop "IX3K^1 Tib^b r^\LJi<r[
clothes and set out with two men. They came

to the woman by night, and he said, "Please di-
vine tor me by a ghost. Bring up for me the one riK nnpn -iu/k hmvj nt^v—iu;k hk
Ishall name to you." "^But the woman answered
him, "You know what Saul has done, how he

y;i\i7^"! 10 : 'jn''pn^ ''W^)^ î?.Jri)p nriK
has banned [the use of] ghosts and familiar spir-
"DK nin^-^n ibK^? mn^n bî<i^) 7]b
its in the land. So why are you laying a trap for
me, to get me killed?" "'Saul swore to her by

the Lord: "As the Lord lives, you won't get into
woman asked,
trouble over this." "At that, the
"Whom shall bring up for you?" He answered,

I
"Bring up Samuel for me." '^Then the woman

:b^K\LJ nriKT 'jrT'?3~i r\T2b "inK"? b^K\u
recognized Samuel,' and she shrieked loudly,
rM2 ^2 ^Kyn-bK "^ht^ri nb -m^k^) i^
and said to Saul, "Why have you deceived me?

You are Saul!" '-^The king answered her, "Don't
be afraid. What do you see?" And the woman n^ n)3K;'ii4 :y-iKn-]p a^Vy ti-'k-i
said to Saul, "I see a divine being coming up Kim n^v ^]i?T \u'>i<. "i)?K'i^1 iiKn-nn
from the earth." '*i"What does he look like?" he K^ri '7Kinu;-'3 'Viku; y^l b'^vu nuV
asked her. "It is an old man coming up," she
said, "and he is wrapped in a robe." Then Saul nr^b b^kvj-bK bKm\u "inK'î 1^
knew that it was Samuel; and he bowed low in

'7iK\f;' "iJ3Kn ""riK n'\bv'rib ""Jninn
homage with his face to the ground.
li n"'nn'7J 1 n^'nu/'^Qi ikd """^'ny
'^Samuel said to Saul, "Why have you dis-
DA "[1]> 'Jjy-K^l i^Vp ID D''n'7K1
turbed me and brought me up?" And Saul an-
swered, "I am in great trouble. The Philistines
•^^ HKnpKT nln'^nn-D^ bK"'3;in-T!3
are attacking me and God has turned away from -iipK"! i<^
D : nu/VN nn ""jyiin"?
me; He no longer answers me, either by proph- "^''717)3 -ID np''"! ^j'^Kwri ^[rpb^ bi<.m\u
ets or in dreams. So have called you to tell me

I
-iBT nu;K3 i"? )i']T]'> ''
'•^'"!
tyv.ll ^T^.V
what am to do." '^Samuel said, "Why do you
I
ask me, seeing that the Lord has turned away

from you and has become your adversary?''
'^The Lord has done '-for Himself'' as He fore-
h A kind of oracle: iee note al Exotl. 3li.M) uiul I Sum. 14.41.
I -Some Scpttiagint msi. read "Saul

d Meaning of Heh. uncertain.
re Some m>s. and Septuaginl read "to you." 636
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 29.3 U3 K '7K1J3U; D^K''3J
told through me: The Lord has torn the king-

ship out of your hands and has given it to your nvp^'K^p '^}iî<'^ '8 nîh -Tiy-i^ ^.^^"t
fellow, to David, i^because you did not obey
the Lord and did not execute His wrath upon
ni^n mn"' ji'p'nti/y n-jri in^n )3-bv
the Amalekites. That why the Lord has done
is
^^)3i; '7K"it;''-nK da 7^)^^° ]r\^^ 19 : njri
this to you today. i^Purther, the Lord will de-
liver the Israelites who are with you into the

''pv '^\n^ nnK nnni "nu/^s-ii'n
hands of the Philistines. Tomorrow your sons -i^_:i mn'' ]n^ %'}P^ mrup-riK da
and you will be with me; and the Lord will also
deliver the Israelite forces into the hands of the ny-iK lnnli7-K'7?3 b'B'>) b^kvj "in??''"! 20
Philistines." -i(b H3"D^ b^m\i; nn^n iku Ky)

20At once Saul flung himself prone on the '3
Dlîn-^s Dn'p ^'7DK iib In n^n
ground, terrified by Samuel's words. Besides,
'7iku7-'7K n\£7Kn xlnni2i -.nb^bri-b^']
there was no strength in him, for he had not
nin vbK "iTOKni iK?p '7nnr-'3 i<,'ln^
eaten anything all day and all night. -'The
woman went up to Saul and, seeing how greatly 1U7QJ u^pK) ']b']p::i "^rinsu; T\)j'n\LJ
disturbed he was, she said to him, "Your hand-

maid listened to you; I took my life in my hands "71173 nriK-DA Kry)3U7 nnvi22 -.^bK
and heeded the request you made of me. --So b^^K} Dnyns "T'JQ^ nntz/Ki "^nriQu^
now you listen to me: Let me set before you a |K)pTi*23 :'!]-i.-i3 qb'n '>p n3 \:i 'Pt-'I
bit of food. Eat, and then you will have the

-ux] Viny inny-is^'i b'2K i±-^ p:l'^12-b:xv nui/K^") --* nu)2ri-'7K
well as the woman urged him, he listened to
:
them; he got up from the ground and sat on \Ljbn^ nni7.-ni7rn. innnmi '^rl)2n^
the bed. --iThe woman had a stall-fed calf in the "'Jq'71 '7ii5u;-'jQ'7 mr\^ 25 : nl:y)p inQ'm.
house; she hastily slaughtered it, and took flour

and kneaded it, and baked some unleavened 2 :Kinn
cakes. 25She set this before Saul and his court-
iers, and they ate. Then they rose and left the
same night.
29 The Philistines mustered all their forces

at Aphek, while Israel was encamping at the ~iU7K "cyn D^j'n ^Klt^""! ni73K Dn^jrop
spring in Jezreel. 2The Philistine lords came Dnly b^nu/^D 'npi2 :'7Ki;"iT:'3
marching, each with his units of hundreds and
of thousands; and David and his men came
nu7 njpk'p :U7-'3K-DV nj'-inK3
marching last, with Achish. ^The Philistine
officers asked, "Who are those Hebrews?"
"iWK='T nbKTi Dniyn nn D-'ntp^?
"Why, that's David, the servant of King Saul of nh nf-Kl'7n D"'nu;'73 nuz-b'K u;"'3k
28.24 ]r2v:w '3 bv r|K) D-ipiDEQ iDon 'yn V. 23.
637
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 29.3 U3 K "^Kinu; D-'K-'nj
Israel," Achish answered the Philistine officers.
"He has been with me "for a year or more," 'nKya-K'7T D'lju; nrlK d^d^ ht tik
and 1 have found no fault in him from the day
he defected until now." 'But the Philistine

officers were angry with him; and the Philistine
officers said to him, "Send the man back; let him
go back to the place you assigned him. He shall
not march down with us to the battle, or else
he may become our adversary in battle. For with T'j-rK-'7K HT HYin;' nisni n-nriby^:^
what could that fellow appease his master if not
with ''
the heads of these men?-'' SRemember, he
is the David of whom they sang as they danced:

vD^Kn bM<.\u nan
Saul has slain his thousands;
David, his tens of thousands."

summoned David and
-'n vbK IDK""! Ti"l"'7K \U^-JK K-jp^l <^
^'Achish said to him,
"As the Lord lives, you are an honest man, and

I would like to have you serve' in my forces; for
I have found no fault with you from the day you ij^V^^ n;Tn Dl^nny ''pK "^K'n ai^p nvn
joined
to the other lords.

me until now. But you are not acceptable
''So go back in peace, and do
"^b) M nn vi ^ : nriK nip-k'p D">nDn
"Jip 'pyn y-i nti/yn-k'^T Dl'7u;3
nothing to displease the Philistine lords."
D -.wrwubB
^David, however, said to Achish, "But what
have I done, what fault have you found in your
servant from the day I appeared before you to
this day, that I should not go and fight against
the enemies of my lord the king?" ''Achish re-
plied to David, "I know; you are as acceptable nriK 3lu '3 'nyi^'mi-'^K i?3k'''V\:;''3k
to me as an angel of God. But the Philistine n"'nu;'7D nu; "ik DTi'7K t|k'7?33 'PV^
officers have decided that you must not march
:n?pn'7K33 M}2V nbv^_-i<b nwK
out with us to the battle. i"So rise early in the
"TjijiK nnvT -ii7:i3 nsu/n nriyi lo
morning, you and your lord's servants who
came with you — ''rise early in the morning,''
TiKT -Ii7'33 DfinSU/m ^JIK 1K3nU7K
and leave as soon as it is light." "Accordingly, VwjKT Kin 1)1 uiivj"]) 1
1 : ^:ib^ d3^
David and his men rose early in the morning D"'nu;'73 V1K-'7K :iwb np'33 n3'7'7
to leave, to return to the land of the Philistines, D :'7Ki;-iT'' ^bv D"'n\:;'7Di
while the Philistines marched up to Jezreel.
a-a Meaning of phrase uncertain.

"
b-b A euphemism for "our heads.
c Lit. "go out antt come in."
lid Meaning of parts of verse uncertain. Septuagint reads "and
go to the place that I have assigned you: and harbor no w/
"
thought in Your heart, for yvu are acceptable lo me.
638
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 30.13 b KbK^)2\[; a^x-'aj
30 By the time David and his men arrived 'fi-'T y

in Ziklag, on the third day, the Amalekites had
made a raid into the Negeb and against Ziklag;
: \UK^ nn'K iQiUT"'! A'7py-nK is^t ^'ppy
they had stormed Ziklag and burned it down.
-IV) fuj^n nii-nu7K 'U7|n-nK iiiu/î 2
2They had taken the women in it captive,
low-born and high-born alike; they did not kill

'^'>ijr}-bK VU/JKI ITT Kn^T3 :D3"1"|^
any, but carried them off and went their way.
3When David and his men came to the town

and found it burned down, and their wives and
sons and daughters taken captive, ^David and an^'iiK -}pK IV 131^1 n^^lp-riK inx
the troops with him broke into tears, until they
:ni33^ n3
inu/j fi.TT^ 'J?^^-'
had no strength left for weeping. SDavid's two
wives had been taken captive, Ahinoam of Jez-
reel and Abigail wife of Nabal from Carmel.
6David was in great danger, for thetroops threat-
\ij^K 'ovn-b:^ wQj nnTb-iB I'^po'? byn
ened to stone him; for all the troops were em- T'nj^-'7V1 V23. M:rbv
bittered on account of their sons and daughters. iriK") 7 D : vribK mn"'3 tit pirnri"'!
But David sought strength in the Lord his •^^b-TiK-in ]n3rT nnpK-"?]^ tit
God. ^David said to the priest Abiathar son of -riK "inpK mn "r'QKn -^b Krrwu^'xri
Ahimelech, "Bring the ephod up to me." When nin-'n TIT bkmj -^^T^^ "^^Ô
Abiathar brought up the ephod" to David, SDa-
iiiA\i7Kn njn-man nnx q^-iK ibx"?
vid inquired of the Lord, "Shall I pursue those
bt^n) A^wri Ati7n-'3 tin-i \b "idkî
raiders? Will I overtake them?" And He an-
swered him, "Pursue, for you shall overtake and
you shall rescue." "iu;k V''k nlK)3-U7\z;i Kin niT "^bj^j
9So David and the six hundred men with him

set out, and they came to the Wadi Besor, where nlK)3-y3-iis"] K^n tit tqin^'Tio :npy
a halt was made by those who were to be left
nA3 nu7K \LJ^k D^'nKJp n?pv,^T ^""IS
behind. 'ODavid continued the pursuit with
-\u^K iKYp"! 11 mtf/nn '7nrnK ini^n
four hundred men; two hundred men had
halted, too faint to cross the Wadi Besor. i
'They
came upon an Egyptian in the open country and
°l'7-ijri''i 12 :u^r2 ini7U7'i b:2i<h_ bn^
brought him to David. They gave him food to nu/ni Vdk'^t b^pTpy \:ip^ n^n-i nâ
eat and water to drink; i^he was also given a nnu;-K'7"i bn^p '73K-k'7 '>i vbK inn
piece of pressed fig cake and two cakes of raisins. D :nl'7'''7 n\LJb\^^ ^121 T]ujbvj Dâ
He ate and regained his strength, for he had nriK n-T?3 'kt nnk-'n'7hn l"? 1)2i(^^ 13
eaten no food and drunk no water for three days

and three nights. '-^Then David asked him, "To
whom do you belong and where are you from?"
a See note at 2.28.
639
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 30.13 b K "^Ninu; 'K-'iJ
"Iam an Egyptian boy," he answered, "the slave \LJ'>Kh inv ""^JK nyn "IV^ "I'pi^'l
of an Amalekite. My master abandoned me nvri Ti"''?!! 12 ""JiK ""jnTVI "'p'?)?v

when I fell ill three days ago. '-JWe had raided
the Negeb of the Cherethites, and [the Negeb]

TIKI "^^^ ^^r'^V"! niin-''? -i\^K-'7V")
of Judah, and the Negeb of Caleb; we also
burned down Ziklag." '?And David said to him,
ih '"'^^ i'?^^'''!'-^ :^|<^ iJSitf^ >î?V
"Can you lead me down to that band?" He re-

plied, "Swear to me by God that you will not ^n.ADn-DKT 'jn-'pn-DK 'rf'7K3 '>H>
kill me or deliver me into my master's hands, :n;Tn m;in-'7j:< "qTnxT 'jin-i^î
and I will lead you down to that band." '^So he y"lKrT'7D i^B-bv nwv; mrn ^rTly^ '^
led him down, and there they were, scattered ^^^^T\ "^bB umm bTiu;i D"''73k
all over the ground, eating and drinking and
making merry because of all the vast spoil they
tqu/^rr)? 1)1 n?:'"!!" :n-Tin-' ynKWi
had taken from the land of the Philistines and
an)? u'7)prK'7i Dnnna"? nnj/rrivi
from the land of Judah. '"David attacked them
from ''-before dawn until the evening of the next
-lyrw-iK niK)3 yniK'CiiS ""s ^'i<
day;-'' none of them escaped, except four hun-

dred young men who mounted camels and got "ruiz-riKi p^y2V ^n^?b "iu>k-'73 nx tit
away. '^David rescued everything the Amalek-
-]P an^-Tiv^ ^^'^1'^ :"fn ^''¥'^ "''^^
ites had taken; David also rescued his two wives.

'^Nothing of theirs was missing —young or old,
Vsn wnb ^npb i\ui<-b3 ivi b^\LJm
sons or daughters, spoil or anything else that
]Kyn-'73-nK i\i ni^îM n^wn
had been carried off — David recovered every- :-[i-i
thing. -ODavid took all the flocks and herds,

''which [the troops] drove ahead of the other
livestock;-'' and they declared, "This is David's n-'u/jKH a"'nK)p-'7K lin Kri^'!-'
spoil." anû/'""! lii nriK i n^'pn \

nAsnu/K
21 When David reached the two hundred men 111 nKip'7 iKy"") mti/nn bm:i
who were too faint to follow David and who had
-riK -r"ii \up^ iriK—iwn nyn nKip'?!
been left at the Wadi Besor, they came out to
]V^T-- D -.mb^jb nrib bit.^j1^ nyn
welcome David and the troops with him; David
came forward with the troops and greeted them.
2-But all the mean and churlish fellows among iD^n-k'p "i\^K ]V? nipK""! Tii-ny ^:2b^(
the men who had accompanied David spoke up, ^2b^^\ ivjk bbwur^ ninb inrK"? *"'?ay
"Since they did not accompany us,' we will not unri pjn-riKT inu/K-nK u/''k-dk-"'3
give them any of the spoil that we seized
except that each may take his wife and children ijn'K inu/"! ^:b mni ]rir-iWK nx "'riK
and go." 23[)avid, however, spoke up, "You
•>m -i : in^n ij'''?i7 kbh -inan-nK ]ri'i
must not do that, <'
mv brothers, in view of-''
"M12V nnx noija v. 22.
b-b Meaning of Hcb. umcnain,

"
c So some mss. and versions: most mss. and editions read "me.
d-d Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Sepluagint reads 'after.
640
"
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 31.6 Kb K bi<^m\U 'KîJ
what the Lord has granted us, guarding us and

deUvering into our hands the band that attacked
us. 24How could anyone agree with you in this
Kinn ni^np v-iiss © •.^pbn^>_ i^n^
matter? The share of those who remain with the
baggage shall be the same as the share of those
who go down to battle; they shall share alike."
25So from that day on it was made a fixed rule

bb]^^^ n^û;;'"! :i^py"'7K hii Knî26
for Israel, continuing to the present day. DD^ mn St^Kb inyn^ n-rin^ ^)p]b
26When David reached Ziklag, he sent some
of the spoil to the elders of Judah ''[and] to his
friends,-^ saying, "This is a present for you from nijpQu;:^ "i^^k^t nvnyn "^J^^k^t 28 nriiri
:
our spoil of the enemies of the Lord." 27[He

b-D'}'^. "l]i7K^") 29 D : i7bnU7K3 nU7K^l
sent the spoil to the elders] in Bethel.fRamoth-
negeb, and Jattir; 28in Aroer, Siphmoth, and

Eshtemoa; 29in Racal, in the towns of the
-"linn nu^K^T nn-inn '^\uKb^ ^ .• ijipn
Jerahmeelites, and in the towns of the Kenites; pni^nî "iu7k'7'i3i :'qnyn "iu^k^t ]p:j
30in Hormah, Bor-ashan, and Athach; 3iand to iiT nuz-q^rrnn-iu/K ni)ppj2ri-'7n>T
those in Hebron — all the places where David a iPU/JKi Kin
and his men had roamed.
31 "The
men of
Philistines attacked Israel,
Israel fled before the Philistines and

and the '7K-jU7;'n a"'j3n'7J D^niyâi kV
[many] fell on Mount Gilboa. 2The Philistines
D"'n\f;'7$ ipnn'V :ynÂn "inn a-'b'^n
pursued Saul and his sons, and the Philistines
-riK D-'jiif/^'fj in;'-! T'JnTiKT '7iK\i7-nK
struck down Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malchi-
"j^ yiu/-'3^?p-nKi nnj^nx-riKi inJln;"
shua, sons of Saul. ^The battle raged around
Saul, and ''-some of the archers-'' hit him, and

'7iku;-'7K njpn^)3ri innrn.3 :'7iK\p
he c-was severely wounded -i'

by the archers. b'mi n\î?n n-iu/JK nniian inKy)p''T
4SauI said to his arms-bearer, "Draw your sword Kti/jb' ^bmuj "inK='i 4 : onlâri)? ixjp
and run me through, so that the uncircum- iKinf ]3 nn "npnT 1
-rin-in ^b\u vb2
cised may not run me through and make sport Kb) ^'T^bbv^\r]^^^;•lpl^ h^kh "'^nyn
of me." But his arms-bearer, in his great awe,
^b^K\LJ npî I'Kn xn^ ^n vb^ Kpi hnx
refused; whereupon Saul grasped the sword
v'pn-Kiyj K-ijii 5 : rr^^y b^'>] nnnrr-riK
and fell upon it. swhen his arms-bearer saw
that Saul was dead, he too fell on his sword
in")n-'7V Kin-n^ Vsî '71ku;np ^n
and died with him. 6Thus Saul and his three sons "vjn T^^Jbp^ bm\LJ n?3='^> npv n'^2'>^
and his arms-bearer, 'âs well as all his men,-'' Kinn Di'in Pu;jK-'7n da v^n ku/jt
e Called Bethul in Josh. 19.4.
a I Chron. 10 reproduces this chapter, with minor variations,

b-b Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Lit. "the archers, men with the
"
bow.
c-c Construed as hophal form; cf. 1 Kings 2.34.
d-d Lacking in the Septuagint; I Chron. 10.6 reads "all his house.
641
NEVi'iM 1 SAMUEL 31.6 kV K '7K1)3U; D''K-'3J
died together on that day. ''And when the men

of Israel '-on the other side of the valley and on
the other side of the Jordan-^ saw that the men
of Israel had fled and that Saul and his sons were
dead, they abandoned the towns and fled; the
Philistines then came and occupied them.

^The next day the Philistines came to strip the
slain, and they found Saul and his three sons
lying on Mount Gilboa. ^They cut off his head :yn'7An -in:a 0'''7Dj vn n\ub\u
and stripped him of his armor, and they sent T''73-nK ûiu/Q"") iu/Ki-riK iniD^p
them throughout the land of the Philistines, to
spread the news /in the temples of their idols/

-riK ^'l2iu1^ i« .-Dyn-riKi on-'BVi' n^n
and among the people. "'They placed his armor
lypn inîA-riK") nnnu/v n-in vb^
in the temple of Ashtaroth, and they impaled
'nu/""' vbK lywu;"!!! :]\lj ri"'? njplnn
his body on the wall of Beth-shan. 'When sthe '
inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead heard about it

D^nu/^D itz/y—i\z;k nx lyÂ u/^n^
what-.v the Philistines had done to Saul — '-all ID^^T ^7^11 U;iK-'73 IT^VÎi^ .bM<,\ub
their stalwart men set out and marched all night; HKT b^kî nm-nii inpî "r[b->bn-b2
they removed the bodies of Saul and his sons nif/n^ iK'nî ]\lj n-'? nninn vn rim
from the wall of Beth-shan and came'' to Jabesh
and burned them there. '-''Then they took the
bones and buried them under the tamarisk tree
Q :D-'?3'' nynu; inyi
in Jabesh, and they fasted for seven days.
e-e MeaningofHch. uncertain. IChron. I0.7reaiis"inlhevalley:"
f-f Septuagint and I Chron. 10.9 read "among their tdols."

g-g I Chron. 10. 1 1 reads "alt I the inhabitants of] labesh-gilead
heard alt that.
h I Chron. 10. 12 reads 'brought them.
642
—
a bxiftt
2 SAMUEL
1 After the death of Saul —David had already
returned from defeating the Amalekites
David stayed two days in Ziklag. 20n the third
"mm "'\i7"''7wn nv:i \ •'ri'')'- -.ww umi
day, a man came from Saul's camp, with his
vini b^k^j nv)2 njn)3rT-]n K:n ]ij->k
clothes rent and earth on his head; and as he
approached David, he flung himself to the
ground and bowed low. ^David said to him,
"Where are you coming from?" He answered, vbK "DpK'i"! Klnri HTp ^K TIT \b
"I have just escaped from the camp of Israel."
4" What happened?" asked David. "Tell me!"

And he told him how the troops had fled the
nnnrTDAi n)pn'7)3ri-]n ayn orni^K
battlefield, and that, moreover, many of the
jnjin"'! bM<,\LJ dat in)pî bi7ri-]p bp}
troops had fallen and died; also that Saul and
TAKjrT -iy|n-'7K tit inK'î? :inp ij:n
his son Jonathan were dead. 5"How do you
know," David asked the young man who
An injlrT'i bM<.\u np-iB nvii "V^ 'i^
brought him the news, "that Saul and his son ''nnpj K'npj i^mn ny^n njpKî 6
'\b i
Jonathan are dead?" ^The young man who irT'jn-'^v ]^P) bM<.]u mni vi%r[ nnn
brought him the news answered, "I happened tinj^nnn D-iu/nBrT ^bv:l^ nDnn n;im
to be at Mount Gilboa, and I saw Saul leaning np'KT '^K Knp""! ^JKIÎ i"''3D>^ l^^P
on his spear, and the chariots and horsemen npKT -inK^T nriK-^p ''b "Dpk'j"! » : ""jîn
closing in on him. ^He looked around and saw

KriDV ->% "iDK=î 9 :
ipjK ''pbm vbK
me, and he called to me. When I responded, 'At
your service,' ^he asked me, 'Who are you?' And
I told him that I was an Amalekite. 9Then he
""B innnbKi vbv "i'^vktio pî 'U/sj
said to me, 'Stand over me, and finish me off, njlKT i^Qj nriK n^.n;' k"? •'S ^rivi?
a-for I am in agony and am barely alive.'" lOSo i\uK nivYK") l\i7k"i-'7V "i]^K I -inn
I stood over him and finished him off, for I knew : mn 'nK-b'K DKînKi '\ifirbv
that ''-he would never rise fi'om where he was DAT DVnp'T T'lP^ 11^=1^ "tn PIC""!"
lying." Then I took the crown from his head
and the armlet from his arm, and I have brought
them here to my lord."
1
'David took hold of his clothes and rent
them, and so did all the men with him. i2They
a-a Meaning of Hcb. uncertain.
643
NEv'i'iM 2 SAMUEL 1.12 K n '7K1DU; D-iK^nj
lamented and wept, and they fasted until eve- ]njin'i-'7Vi b^k\u-bv n-ivn-TV ii^yî
ning for Saul and his son Jonathan, and for the ^s bk-]VJ'> n"':3-'7i7T mn"" n:J-bv^ in
soldiers of the Lord'- and the House of Israel
nv^n-'7K liT nnk"! 13 d : n~i.n:i ^b^^
who had fallen by the sword. '-^David said to
the young man who had brought him the news, •q-iK nn Vbi<. "IDK^'l 14 :i2)K ^\?b)2V nil
"Where are you from?" He replied, "I am the

nû;n-nK nr\\ub "V^ î^pb nK-):i kb
son of a resident alien, an Amalekite." '''"How
your nny^np ~ini<.b in K-!i?îi^ :^F^
did you dare," David said to him, "to lift
hand and kill the Lord's anomted?" '^There- nnK"! 1'^

:n>3î ina""! l3-yA£? m inkî
upon David called one of the attendants and ^"Q ""B '^pk'^-by ^pT T-m "li^ vbi<,
said to him,"Come over and strike him!" He n-'U/p-HK 'nn'n •'3Jk n)3K'7 ^T^n r\2V
struck him down and he died. '^-And David said
to him, "Your blood be on your own head! Your

own mouth testified against you when you said,
bM<.w-b)j nKTH nrpn-riK nil xp'^'i
'^
'I put the Lord's anointed to death.'"
iÂnd David intoned this dirge over Saul and
his son Jonathan — '^"-He ordered the Judites
to be taught |The Song of the] Bow." It is re-
corded in the Book of Jashar.^ bk^^\u'> ^^nYH 19
i^^Your glory, O Israel,
Lies slain on your heights;

nn n"'3in-'7K 20
How have the mighty fallen!
-"Tell it not in Gath,

Do not proclaim it in the streets of Ashkelon,
Lest the daughters of the Philistine rejoice, :niîvri nun nJT'7i7ri-]3
Lest the daughters of the uncircumcised

i;'ii'7An nnî
exult.
DD"''?^ "lUjp-'^Ki bv-bi<s
210 hills of Gilboa— nnnn îwt
Let there be no dew or rain on you,
nlnA ]m 'bv:^2 up -"d
''Or bountiful fields,'^
For there the shield of warriors lay rejected,

The shield of Saul,
Polished with oil no more.
22From the blood of slain.
From the fat of warriors ]njlnT nu/i?

The bow of Jonathan
"
b Septuagini readi "Judah.
c See note at Josh. lO.I}.
d-d Meaning of Heh. uncertain. Ememtalwn ywUb ^pringi trom
the deep" Icf. Ugaritii- shr'thmtm, and Gen. 7.11; 8.2).

—
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 2.4 3 n'7K1)3\y D^x^nj
Never turned back;

The sword of Saul
Never vdthdrew empty.
iDj^n :iwn Kb
23Saul and Jonathan,
]nj1n'''i ^71X1:; 23
Beloved and cherished,
Never parted
In life or in death!
They were swifter than eagles, nnsj i<b
They were stronger than lions! ^b•p_ nnu/ap
24Daughters of Israel,
:nna nlnx}?
Weep over Saul,
bk-w-i nun 24
Who clothed you in crimson and finery,
Who decked your robes with jewels of gold.
25How have the mighty fallen
IDU/n"? ^717 nriT ny nb:;,)^:!
In the thick ofbatde
Jonathan, slain on your heights! nnA ^b^:i it'K25
2^1 grieve for you.
My brother Jonathan,
You were most dear to me.
'^-'bv ''7"iy26
Your love was wonderful to me
jnjlri:' 'tik
More than the love of women.
iKp ''b nnyj
27How have the mighty fallen,
'>b '^nnnK nnK^sj
The ^-weapons of ware perished!
:uw^ rinrTK)3
^ Sometime afterward, David inquired of the
Lord, "Shall go up to one of the towns of Ju-

I
-DpKp. r[T[n'> ny nnxn n^pyxri Htdk'?
dah?" The Lord answered, "Yes." David ftirther
nîfK nji< iiT iDK^T nbv vbi< mn^
asked, "Which one shall I go up to?" And the
"nu; DAT ih bu7 bv'>^ 2 : nj'-inn inKî
Lord replied, "To Hebron." 2So David went up
there, along with his two wives, Ahinoam of Jez-
nu/x '7^pnKT iT'^yiT='ri DVJ"'nK v^j:i
reel and Abigail wife of Nabal the Carmelite.

^David also took the men who were with him, :]l"inn nyn inu/'i irTinT ii/^k nn
each with his family, and they settled in the -jiK n\f7-inu;?3''i niin^ •'lyjK ixn^v
towns about Hebron. ^The men of Judah came
e-e I.e., Saul and Jonathan.
645
NEvi'iM 2 SAMUEL 2.4 n n'7Kl?3U; D-iK-inj
and there they anointed David king over the -iu;k ly'â \ij'>'2i ^""U/JK nnK"? 1Mb nji""!
House of Judah. ni nhp'')'^ D :'7iKU;-nK nnj?
David was told about the men of Jabesh-
ink""! ivb^ u/^n^ 'U7JK-'7N n^5K'7D
gilead who buried Saul. 5So David sent mes-
sengers to the men of Jabesh-gilead and said to
-Dv DD-'JiK-DV ntn "ronn an-'u/y
them, "May you be blessed of the Lord because
mn^-u/yi nnvi^ :ir'^ ^"i^pJ^l bî<^w
you performed this act of faithfulness to your
lord Saul and buried him. ^May the Lord in turn nwifK 'DJK njii nuKT ion U2)2U
show you true faithfulness; and too will reward I nn^pV. '^)l/i<- riKTH nniun ddpik
you generously because you performed this act.
'Now take courage and be brave men; for your bM<^\u nîJiK n)p-^3 bin-''2'2.b vn}
lord Saul is dead and the House of Judah have
"^brib niin-'-n-'n inu/jp ""nK'n^T
already anointed me king over them."
3 -.nri^bv
8But Abner son of Ner, Saul's army com-
mander, had taken Ish-bosheth" son of Saul and
brought him across to Mahanaim ând made ^ninv;:! "riKUz-i^ hwii \z;''K-nK r[\pb
him king over Gilead, the Ashurites,'' Jezreel, -bii"] lijb^'n-bK Sri'Db-n^'^j -.win-D
Ephraim, and Benjamin —over all Israel. '"Ish- -biJ) bn.QK-'^y") '^Ky-iT"'-'?^! niu^Kn
bosheth" son of Saul was forty years old when -]n '0 3 : rr^B bi<,'^^;''-bv^ jn^n
he became king of Israel, and he reigned two '7iku7-]3 nu/'n-u/iK uw n^v^-iK
years. But the House of Judah supported David.
•^^^^ D-'Ju; u^nm bk-]ii;'>-bv 13'7)33
' 'The length of time that David reigned in He-
bron over the House of Judah was seven years
and six months.
]nnn3 "^brz "in njniu/K n-'b^n -ispn
'-Once Abner son of Ner and the soldiers

of Ish-bosheth son of Saul marched out from
Mahanaim to Gibeon, 'ând Joab son of nu/n-uz-iK -"pVl ^y]^ "i;)=ik ^^"1 '-
Zeruiah and the soldiers of David [also] came "13 :ikv) 13 :m1i;nA "Jnaip '71ku7-]3
out.' They confronted one another at the
-bv mu;AQ''T wy^ in •'"t^vi njny
pool of Gibeon: one group sat on one side of
-bv hVk '\2m Tin^ ]lvnA n5"i3
the pool, and the other group on the other side
of the pool. '-Âbner said to Joab, "Let the young

men come forward and sport'' before us." "Yes,
let them," Joab answered. '5They came forward nKV "iDKî ipjd'? ipnu/"'T nnyjn
and were counted off, twelve for Benjamin Diju; ~i.3p?p3 nnv!"! ^J^pî'' :^î??
and Ish-bosheth son of Saul, and twelve of Da- '7iKU;-in nwi \u'>i<b^ ]r;il^'^b "lu/y
vid's soldiers. 'f-Each one grasped his oppo-
nent's head'' (and thrust] his dagger into his
i'tq"! inv"! iY!i i3im ini/n u/kin
Menning "Man o) Shunie," deliberately altered from hh-baal,

"man of Baal"; cf. I Chron, 8.ii; 9.J9, and note at 2 Sam. •/.•/.

Septuagint adds "from Hebron.
I.e., engage in single combat.
"
Septuagint adds 'with his hand.
64^
"
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 2.29 3 n'7Kl)3U7 a^K^nj
opponent's side; thus they fell together. That Dnyn rij^^n Kinn nlpjpVKnp""! ^'lw
place, which is in Gibeon, was called Helkath-
hazzurim/
iÂ fierce battle ensued that day, and Abner
'>:^b bk'ip^, 'U/JKT hnK iq>|''T Kinrr
and the men of Israel were routed by David's
soldiers, i^xhe three sons of Zeruiah^ were
there — Joab, Abishai, and Asahel. Asahel was
swift of foot, like a gazelle in the open field. :niti75 -\\UK D;!n:^n "inK3 v%'^:^ b\P
'Ând Asahel ran after Abner, swerving neither

right nor left in his pursuit of Abner. ÔAbner
looked back and shouted, "Is that you, Asahel?"

nriKH "iTpKî innx hpK jq^t 20 npK
"Yes, it is," he called back. 2iAbner said to him,
i^ nnK^'!2i :ipjK "inK^'i h^n\uv nt
"Turn to the right or to the left, and seize one
of our boys and strip off^his tunic." But Asahel
would not leave off. 22Abner again begged
•3]^-ni7'i Dny^np hnx t|^ mxT
Asahel, "Stop pursuing me, or I'll have to strike
1^vb bkniuv nnK-Kî iny^n-nx
you down. How will I look your brother Joab -'7K Hdk'? "liiK niy qDî 22 : inriK)?
in the face?" 23When he refused to desist, Abner n33K r[)2b nnK)? ^^ mp bkniu:;,
struck him in the belly with ''a backward rînK nKi"'-'7K ""JQ KtZ^K ^T|iKl H^nK
thrust'' of his spear and the spear protruded nnxn nnx mo^
inaî lK)p"'i23
from his back. He fell there and died on the spot.
n-'jnrr KYni mhn-bii rr-iinri
And all who came to the place where Asahel fell
vnnn innn nnn nu;-'73^'! innxn
and died halted; 24but Joab and Abishai con-
nu; '7Qrnu7K nip)ari-'7K Kiin-"?:) ^fl^^
tinued to pursue Abner. And the sun was setting
as they reached the hill of Ammah, ''-which faces :iKV iQ^"!''T24 :n'ni7;ii n'Tpî b^niuv
Giah on the road to the wilderness of Gibeon.''
25The Benjaminites rallied behind Abner,
forming a single company; and they took up a
position on the top of a hUl. 26Abner then called

v'^['!^ "inK nriK \p^jn-''n i^npn;'"! 25
out to Joab, "Must the sword devour forever?

nynru/K'n bv ^'i)2Vl^ nnx n'lmb
You know how bitterly it's going to end! How
h^K^T nx^'^^K "ibK Knj7n26 :nnK
long will you delay ordering your troops to stop
the pursuit of their kinsmen?" 27And Joab re-
-""3
nnvi^ î^n ^10 b^kn nyjVn
plied, "As God lives, ''if you hadn't spoken up, -kb ^^nip-iv) HJi-inKii n^rin nnn
the troops would have given up the pursuit of :Dri"'nK nriKU :iwb dv^ "ipKh
their kinsmen only the next morning."'' 28joab K^î"? '3 n"'rT'7Kn 'n nKV "idkî 27
then sounded the horn, and all the troops

\i;->i<. Dyn nbv} ni73rip tk •'S rriST
halted; they ceased their pursuit of Israel and
-isim hKiT ypn''"!28 -.vuk nriKn
stopped the fighting. 29Abner and his men
/ Meaning perhaps "the Field of the Flints (or Blades)."

^ nVh I'. 19.
g A sister of David, I Chron. 2.16.
h-h Emendation yields "If you had only spoken up, the troops
would already have given up the pursuit of their kinsmen this
morning.
647
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 2.29 n n'^KlDU; D-'K^na
marched through the Arabah all that night
and, after crossing the Jordan, they marched

''through all of Bithron'' until they came to
Mahanaim. ^<'After Joab gave up the pursuit of

Abner, he assembled all the troops and found
nineteen of David's soldiers missing, besides

Asahel. -^'David's soldiers, on the other hand,
''defeated the Benjaminites and the men under
Abner and killed three hundred and sixty men.''
^-They bore Asahel away and buried him in his n^n nu7K TinK -ini73 innni?"} b^niuv
father's tomb in Bethlehem. Then Joab and his iKi'i T'ti/JKibKi'' nî^n-^3 iDb'î nnV
men marched all night; day broke upon them
:]l"!;in3 nnb'
in Hebron.
w-' The war between the House of Saul and the bm\LJ iTin y:^ nijnK nnn'7)3rT 'nni ^
House of David was long-drawn-out; but David bM<.\iJ n^ni prni "^b'n "nil mT n^3. ]^nT
kept growing stronger, while the House of Saul
grew weaker.
'''^\'!^ pnnns n^Jin i)ib n'îî n'^-'is
-"Sons were born to David in Hebron: His
first-born was Amnon, by Ahinoam of Jezreel;
3his second was Chileab, by Abigail wife of Na-
nu/K '7^rnK^ br:iKb :ikb:i ^n2\um^
bal the Carmelite; the third was Absalom son -]3 nl'7U7nK 'u^'pwrn ''7p-)3n b22
of Maacah, daughter of King Talmai of Geshur;
^the fourth was Adonijah son of Haggith; the -]3 ny^w "'\^"'nnrn n"'3in-]n n^nx
fifth was Shephatiah son of Abital; Sand the sixth n\^N 'nby,:;b nvin"" w\ijr[y^ bv^'iK
was Ithream, by David's wife Eglah. These were
Q :
llinnn 1Mb Mb"^ n^K n.-i
born to David in Hebron.
b^k\u rr-n ]''n nnn'7?3n "nvn^ vî^^
^During the war between the House of Saul
and the House of David, Abner supported the
n^nn pTiina ri^ri inxT ni n"'3 i^ni
House of Saul. 'Now Saul had a concubine navi nnu;i mbB b^K\Ljb^' :'71ku;
named Rizpah, daughter of Aiah; and [Ish-bo-

sheth] said to Abner,"Why have you lain with I'kn ih^b nn^v i^nx m'7-'3-'7N
my father's concubine? Mbner was very upset "
n'73 u;K-in inK''''i n\iJ''-\-\u''K nm-'^v
by what Ish-bosheth said, and he replied, "Am "rpn-ntz;vK uvri nj\n->b nu/K pjK
I a dog's head ''from Judah?'' Here I have been
-bi<.^ VnK-'7K ^'nK "^mu; i
n-'^-nv
loyally serving the House of your father Saul and
npani in""^-^ IJ^^'V^rr i<b^ invip
his kinsfolk and friends, and have not betrayed
I
you into the hands of David; yet this day you

reproach me over a woman! ''May (iod <\o tluis
a The list of DiiMtl's iWvfs ami som in w. 2-5 diffcn iomcwhat

from the parallel list in I Chron. }.!-}. The narrative in v. I
is reiumed in v. 6.
b-b Meaning of Heh. uncertain.

NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 3.21 J n bii^^n\u q-'k-'u
and more to Abner if I do not do for David as :l'7-nu;i7K p-ia -rnb nin^ v'^m
the Lord swore to him — lOto transfer the king-
ship from the House of Saul, and to estabhsh
the throne of David over Israel and Judah from

Dan to Beer-sheba." nflsh-bosheth] could say
nothing more in reply to Abner, because he was

D : iriK
afraid of him.
i2Abner immediately^ sent messengers to Da- innn "f)."1"'7K I D^pKîp ninK^nû/^T 12
vid, saying, ^"To whom shall the land belong?" nnns "ynKb y-iK-'ab ijpK'? vr\nT\
and to say [further],'' "Make a pact with me,
and I will help you and bring all Israel over to

your side." i^He replied, "Good; I will make a
pact with you. But I make one demand upon

you: Do not appear before me unless you bring
'7iKu;-nn '7p"')3 riK '^K''nn 'JQ'7"nK
Michal daughter of Saul when you come be-
fore me." i^David also sent messengers to Ish-
^bm_ 14 D : ""JSTiK nlK-)^ ^K'nn
bosheth son of Saul, to say, "Give me my wife 71x^7-]^ nu73-u;"'K-'7K D^pK^T? \r\
Michal, for whom I paid the bride-price'^ of nu/K '7D"')3-nK ''riu/K-riK mn inK"?
one hundred Philistine foreskins."'^ isSo Ish-
bosheth sent and had her taken away from [her]

U71K Di;p npi?'''] nvj'i. u/^k nû;"! 15
husband, Paltiel son of Laish. '^Her husband

walked with her as far as Bahurim, weeping as
nnnn-iv nnnx nbni ^l^n nu/'^K
he followed her; then Abner ordered him to turn
back, and he went back.
:nu;^"! "mj 'q'7 -ipK vbi^ "i)3k^t
iÂbner had conferred with the elders of Is-

b'K-jti/i ^ypvuv T[\r\ njnK-nn"|T 17
rael, saying, "You have wanted David to be king Dn^n u^bvj-m ^b\-nv\-m inx^
over you all along. isNow act! For the Lord has
said concerning David: t'l will deliver-*" My peo- i"i^-'7K npK nin^ ""3 wv nriyi is
ple Israel from the hands of the Philistines and

all its other enemies through My servant Da-
: nri''n:'K-'73 ijiui umwb^ '^mbK'W'>_
vid." iÂbner also talked with the Benjaminites;
'^';^ pp^J^ 1JTK3 "IpK'DA "I3T119
then Abner went and informed David in He-
bron of all the wishes of Israel and of the whole
"'73 ""rv^T bkyjj^, p^vn hiu-nu;K-'73
House of Benjamin.
20When Abner came to David in Hebron, ac- :
ippn rv^
companied by twenty men, David made a feast iriKi ]innn "Tn"'7K inx Kn^"!2o
for Abner and the men with him. 2iAbner said
to David, "Now I will go and rally all Israel to

n)pK'=)"!2i '.r[r\vjri iriKnu/x "'U/jkî
Your Majesty. They will make a pact with you,
nynpKi n3'7Ki 1
n)pii7K in"'7K inx
and you can reign over all that your heart de-
c Cf. Exod. 22.15; Deut. 20.7; 22.23-29.

d Cf. 1 Sam. 18.27 (where the number is given as "two hundred"),
e-e So many mss. and versions; most mss. and editions have "He
649 has delivered."
NEs'i'iM 2 SAMUEL 3.21 n'7Kl)3U; D^K^;]
sires." And David dismissed Abner, who went

away unharmed.
2^Just then David's soldiers and Joab returned
from a raid, bringing much plunder with them;
Abner was no longer with David in Hebron, for
he had been dismissed and had gone away un-

harmed. 23When Joab and the whole force with
iiij"'K nJnKT iK^nn Djpv ^"! ^^^^
him arrived, Joab was told that Abner son of
Ner had come to the king, had been dismissed
by him, and had gone away unharmed. ^-^Joab
went to the king and said, "What have you done? hKl"' Knî24 :ni'7u;n q'?''.! mnVu/î
Here Abner came to you; why did you let him
Kn-n;in nn^wv nn "ink"! T]'7)3rT'7K
go? Now he has gotten away! -^Don't you know
::il'7rT ^^"T inn'pu; nrnipb •^•'^n -inK
that Abner son of Ner came only to deceive you,
Kn "grins'? \3 "ir]3 ijiktik nvii --'
to learn your comings and goings and to find
out all that you are planning?" -^Joab left David "^Knln -jxinn-riKT 'TiKYln-riK nvib^
and sent messengers after Abner, and they K2;:'1 26 : nu;'v nriK "iiyK-'73 riK n vi^l
brought him back from the cistern of Sirah; but nnx "'pK'^n rlb\Ij'>^ tit nyp bxi-'
David knew nothing about it. 27When Abner re- ini nnpn "ilB?p in'K inu/î inK
turned to Hebron, Joab took him aside within
inu;''! ]innn npK nu/^^v: :vt k^
the gate to talk to him privately;'' there he struck
him in the belly. Thus [Abner] died for shedding
the blood of Asahel, Joab's' brother.
-Âfterward, when David heard of it, he said,

"Both I and my kingdom are forever innocent
before the Lord of shedding the blood of Abner ''72172 D'7ii7-iy mn^ uvt2 ^n^bum
son of Ner. 29May [the guilt] fall upon the head bK^ :ikv \ui<i-bv \bny-'> :"ir]:n "ipK
of Joab and all his father's house. May the house nf nkl"" JT'njD nn3-'-'7K"! v^k n^n-Vs
of Joab never be without someone suffering
-~ipnT n-in? bp2) Ti^sn p^mm yiypi
from a discharge or an eruption, or sa male who
handles the spindle,."-' or one slain by the sword,
or one lacking bread." 30Now Joab and his
brother Abishai had killed Abner because he nnk^V" D : nan"???? ]lynA3 DH^nN
had killed their brother Asahel during the battle iriK—lU/K nvrT-'73-'7KT nKv'7x ni
at Gibeon. — -"David then ordered Joab and all ^23b nppT wp\u n:im ddîa^ iy-ip
the troops with him to rend their clothes, gird :nu)3n nnK "qVn 1)1 I'p'^rn inx
on sackcloth, and make lament before'' Abner;
"^btpri Kti^T) pinnn inK-riK nnp'T 32
and King David himself walked behind the bier. -•73 133""! inK inp'-'^K ^;i3''i
i'îpTiK
-^-And so they buried Abner at lebron; the king
I
wept aloud by Abner's grave, and all the troops
f Heh. 'his."
jf-g I.e.. a man fit only for wonmn'i work.
h I.e., in the procession.
650
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 4.4 1 n'7K1J3U; D^K^nj
wept. -^3And the king intoned this dirge over

Abner,
"Should Abner have died the death of a churl?
34Your hands were not bound,
ninpK-K'p *"^T34
Your feet were not put in fetters;
But you fell as one falls
Before treacherous men!"

'71QJ3 wiri
And all the troops continued to weep over him.
35A11 the troops came to urge David to eat .vbv nisn"? avrT-'7D lapî
something while it was still day; but David nn'7 in'riK ninnn'? Dvri-'?^ K'nî 35
swore, "May God do thus to me and more if I
eat bread or anything else before sundown."

Kin 'JQ^'DK ""B tq'ip"'' Hb") h'>ribK ''b
36A11 the troops ''took note of it-'' and approved,
:n)3iKp-'7D Ik nnyayuK u/nu/n
''-just as all the troops approved everything else
'"733 nn"'j"'i;3 nu'^'i n-iarT Dvn-'73'i 36
the king did.-'' 37Xhat day all the troops and all
Israel knew that it was not by the king's will that :nlu avri-'7D 'J^yn "^br^ri nvjv "iu;k
Abner son of Ner was killed. 38And the king said nv^ bK'ip-'-b:^) nijn-bp iV"[:''!37
to his soldiers, "You well know that a prince, n"'pn'7 "^bikriyz hn^n Kb ""s Mnn
a great man in Israel, has fallen this day. 39And '^b'nri "idk'=;"! 38 q ; -ij-j;^ nj^XTiK
today I am weak, even though anointed king;
bp; lyin Ki^n
'7liî "iti7-i3 T'nni?-'?^
those men, the sons of Zeruiah, are too savage
't|-i ai^n "'3JK139 :'7K"iu;i3 nTn ni^n
for me. May the Lord requite the wicked for
their wickedness!"
n-'ny 'jn nVxri n-'u/JKm "^brz nwm
nynn npvb nrni ub\u^ ^mr^ u^vjp^
3 : inyi3
j! When [Ish-bosheth] son of Saul heard that
Abner had died in Hebron, "he lost heart-" and :i'7ri3j '7K"j\i7T'73'i vji 131^1 pnnn3
all Israel was alarmed. 2The son of Saul [had] '7iKu;-]3 vn nnnrntfr u->piK 'ju/t 2
two company commanders, one named Baanah up) niyn iriKn hp

'>n 33-1. 'Jiyn
and the other Rechab, sons of Rimmon the
nlnK3-D3> '3 ])2->n 'J3)p ""nnKsn ]1kj"!
Beerothite —Benjaminites, since Beeroth too
D-irihKnri in"i3''i3 :]p^j3-'7y nu/nri
was considered part of Benjamin. 3The Beeroth-
ites had fled to Gittaim,'' where they have so-
uvri iv D^ji au/nv") ^J?!"^^
journed to this day. ("^Jonathan son of Saul had npj ]3 '7iKu;-]3 ]njlni^"i 4 d : nTn
a son whose feet were crippled. He was five °n:jpp K33 n^ri u->2\u u^pn'in "o^bri
years old when the news about Saul and Jona- iHKti/riT '7Ky"!T''?p inJlrf') b^k\u
than came from Jezreel, and his nurse picked bp"^) DiJ^ nTsnn D'iirn. injn'K
'fi-'i
him up and fled; but as she was fleeing in

]1)ai-'j3 ii^îTs :nu73"'3)p inu;T nps""!
haste, he fell and was lamed. His name was
fl-fl Lit. "his hands weakened"; and so frequently,

h Gittaim was lilcewise in Benjamin; cf. Neh. 11.31
651 ff.
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 4.4 -I n b'Kinu; d-'k-'^j
Mephibosheth.') -"^Rechab and Baanah, sons of l^n Dn3 mnî njvni nî. TinKinn
Rimmon the Beerothite, started out, and they :23\yn riK nû; Kini nm u;''k n^n-VK
reached the home of Ish-bosheth at the heat of
the day, when he was taking his midday rest.
nDiT u/n'nn-'^K insî 'un ^npb
^''So they went inside the house, as though
"KirTi n-'inn wnî ' -.
iu'^qj vhk mvni
fetching wheat, and struck him in the belly.''
Rechab and his brother Baanah slipped by, ''and

inij;:! ii3U/)p "inn^ hnun-'7V npw
entered the house while he was asleep on his bed riK inp""! 1u;K"i-nK n^Dn innn-'i
in his bedchamber; and they stabbed him to :n^"'^rT-'73 nniyn "qn"! id"?"*! iii/Ki
death. They cut off his head and took his head
and made their way all night through the
Arabah. **They brought the head of Ish-bosheth

u/j?;! "lU/K ^n"''K ^"^mif/'in nu;3-u;"'K
to David in Hebron. "Here," they said to the
il^)3n 'JiK^ r[)r['>' in""! \u;QrnK
king, "is the head of your enemy, Ish-bosheth
son of Saul, who sought your life. This day the
Lord has avenged my lord the king upon Saul
vhK njy:i-nKT i nDn-riK tit ]v^_)^
and his offspring."
''But David answered Rechab and his brother •'3 10 : nn^-'^Bp ^wQrriK nnsnu/K
Baanah, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite,
and said to them, "As the Lord who has

lives,
innrTKi in nmN-j iiry? "it:^?^? n'ln
rescued me from every trouble: '"The man who
told me in Ziklag that Saul was dead thought
pi^^-ujiK-riK inn n^vvj^ d"'U7Jk-'3
he was bringing good news. But instead of re-
u/j^nK Kl'^n njivi insu/T^-'^v in^nn
warding him for the news, I seized and killed
him. "How much more, then, when wicked -]p D^riN ""nnvî ddi;i?p ini-riK
men have killed a blameless man in bed in his
own house! will certainly avenge his blood on
I i^ri"! Dn">'7n-nK'i nrfT-nK ^^^p,^>'\
you, and I will rid the earth of you." '^David -\u''K U7K-I riKT liînnn n3"i:in-'7V
gave orders to the young men, who killed them;
'njnK-ini7n nnj?"*! inj?"? ni^'ii
they cut off their hands and feet and hung them
Q :]i"innn
up by the pool in Hebron. And they took the
head of Ish-bosheth and buried it in the grave
of Abner at Hebron.
•^ ''All the tribes of Israel came to David at He-

bron and said, "We are your own flesh and inK"? nnK""! njinnn
^pyv ^^^n
c The original form of the name, Mcrib-baal, is prcserx'eil in

I Chron. 8.i4; 9.40. Cf Ish-bosheth (Eshbaal) in 2 Sam. 2.S,
note a. This subject is resumed in chapter 9.
d-d Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Septuagint reads, "And behold,

the woman who kept the door of the house was cleaning wheat.
She became drowsy and fell asleep.
a The account in w. /-.' and 6-10 is to be found also, with

vanatums, m / ('hron. 1 1.1-9.
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 5.12 n n "7X173^7 D-'K-'lJ
blood. 2Long before now, when Saul was king nwbp-m b'\'nr\K-m2 :ijmK întz/n^
over us, it was you who ''led Israel in war;-^ and nn^^n nnK iJ"''7i7 ''^bh "îku; nl'^nî
the Lord said to you: You shall shepherd My
people Israel; you shall be ruler of Israel." Âll
the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron,

i\^j^ rT>nr\ nriKi '7K-iU7"'-nK '"'Kjy-nK
and King David made a pact with them in He-
-bK bK'W'' 'ipT-'73 iKn^f 3 bK'W''-b:j
bron before the Lord. And they anointed David
:
king over Israel. T)."i q'7)3rT "wnb nnp'T njinnn ^'^b'kri
4David was thirty years old when he became

king, and he reigned forty years. 5In Hebron he
reigned over Judah seven years and six months,
ynnK 13^)35 in njU7 u'>pbp-]^4
and in Jerusalem he reigned over all Israel and
Judah thirty-three years.
6The king and his men set out for Jerusalem

against the Jebusites who inhabited the region. bK'ip'>-b'2 by r[2]ij '\IJb^j^ n^wbvj ^^n
David was told, "You will never get in here!
'^-Even the blind and the lame will turn you •'pn^n-'7K nû;n^ vu/jkt '^br^ri 'T\b^^ 6
back." (They meant: David will never enter

here.)-'^ ''But David captured the stronghold of '3
D"'1'ivn 'î"'pn-nK nan xl^n
Zion; it is now the City of David. Ôn that oc-
:mn 111 Kln^-k^p -ir^Kb b-ripsni
casion David said, "Those who attack the Jeb-
'^^v K-'H ]1^Y n^^P ^^ "fil "13^"^
usites '"-shall reach the water channel and [strike
down] the lame and the blind, who are hateful n3)p-'73 Mfin uv:^ "rii nnk^'Ts :1it
to David." That why they

is say: "No one who -riKi bTipsn-nKT nliiYn yri ^pn;"
is blind or lame may enter the House."*^ )'3-by ir\ u/Qj ""Kju; ww nnivn
9David occupied the stronghold and re- : n:'iirT-'7K Kl3^ i<b npDT niy nrpk;"
named it the City of David; David also fortified
1}! '^1V n'p-K-ji?''! niy733 hii nu/^"! 9
the surrounding area, from the Millo'^ inward.
lODavid kept growing stronger, for the Lord,
niKny '>ribK mn-'i bM},) -ql^n in
the God of Hosts, was with him.
ii^King Hiram of Tyre sent envoys to David
vfith cedar logs, carpenters, and stonemasons;

and they built a palace for David. i^Thus David ]3K 'U/ini yv 'Jiîni ^fix "'iî'i iii
knew that the Lord had established him as king -'3 Til i;"i!ii2 :ii'i^ n^n-in^T "fj?
over Israel and had exalted his kingship for the

sake of His people Israel.
D :'7K"IU;"' 1?3y 113^3 1n3'7)3D
b-b Lit. "led Israel out and in."
c-c Meaning ofHeb. uncertain.

d A citadel.
e The account in w. 11-25 is to be found also, with variations,

in 1 Chron. 14.1-16.
653
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 5.13 n n '7Kiau; n--K->nj
'Âftcr he left Hebron, David took more con-

cubines and wives in Jerusalem, and more sons
and daughters were born to David. '-iThese are
ninu; hVkt 14 .n^n^ am i^b
the names of the children born to him in Jeru-
salem: 'Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, and Solo-

iy-'QiT ADJi yw"''7xi inn-'") i? .^\r2b\u^
mon; 'Îbhar, Elishua, Nepheg, and Japhia;
"'Elishama, Eliada. and Eliphelet.
'"sVVhen the Philistines heard that David had iTiTiK inu;)p""'3 n^ni:;'?? ivp^"") '^
been anointed king over Israel, the Philistines n-'nu7^$-'73 ^b'i;='i bi<>']W'>-bv ^^^rib
marched up in search of David; but David heard "tn in-'T in ypu/'i "TTi'HK u/pn"?
of it, and he went down to the fastness.'' '^Jhe
Philistines came and spread out over the Valley
of Rephaim. '"^David inquired of the Lord,

"Shall I go up against the Philistines? Will You
deliver them into my hands?" And the Lord an-
swered Da^^d, "Go up, and I will deliver the ni K'n^V" :^~r^3 D"'n\:;'73rT-nK ]nK
Philistines into your hands." -"Thereupon Da- yiB ~]r2i<h 111 Dvj db;''! D"'y"i?-'7V??
vid marched to Baal-perazim, and David de-
feated And he said, "The Lord has
them there.
:a"'y")9 Vyn K^nn Dipipn-Dw kij
broken through my enemies before me as wa-
ters break through [a dam]." That is why that
place was named Baal-perazim.' 2iThe Philis-
tines abandoned their idols there, and David

and his men carried them off.
nin""!! "riT '7nu^''1 ''3
:D"'Na~i pav3
-'Once again the Philistines marched up and nnnnK-'^K npn n'pyn i<b nnK""!
spread out over the Valley of Rephaim. 23David "ivnu/n '•rr'f 24 : d-'kdb b^-mn nn^ riKî
inquired of the Lord, and He answered, "Do
not go up, but circle around behind them and
confront them at the baca.' trees. -**And when
~iu;k3 ]3 TIT wy."! 2? : D^nu/â njnnn
you hear the sound of marching in the tops of
the baca trees, then go into action, for the Lord
D :~in T1K3
will be going in front of you to attack the Phil-
istine forces." 2?David did as the Lord had com-
manded him; and he routed the Philistines from
Geba all the way to Gezer.
f The tiif in w. 14-16 is found, in aJditwn tc I Chron. 14.4-7,

in I Chron. 3.5-S, with variations.
If W. 7-25 1 continue the narrative of v. 3.
h Probably the stronghold of .^dullam (cf. I Sam. 22.4-5).

I Interpreted as 'Baal of Breaches. "
Cf 6.K below, and the name
Perez in Gen. i8.29 and note.
I Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
654
"
NEvi'iM 2 SAMUEL 6.11 1 n ^7X1)31:7 n''K''nj
\J David again assembled all the picked men '7K-!i:7"'n mnn-'^rnK ti.-i iiy ^v^) I
of Israel, thirty thousand strong. 2aThen David

and all the troops that were with him set out ni^yn'7 r['r\'r['>
>
/'V^p inx nu/x byn
from Baalim'' of Judah to bring up from there
up Knprnu7K D''rt'7KrT pnx riK awp
the Ark of God to which the Name was attached,
: vbv wyi^ri nu;'-' nlKiy mn^ up
the name Lord of Hosts Enthroned on the
nj7^y-'7K 0^^7X11 ]l"iK-nK iniji!!!?
Cherubim.
3They loaded the Ark of God onto a new cart
and conveyed it from the house of Abinadab, D\Am n'iJ'';;K '•j^ vuk) *K;T2;i nvn^n
which was on the hill; and Abinadab's sons, iT'^jp inKti/""!'! :nu;"rn n'7^vn"nK
Uzzah and Ahio, guided the ''new cart. ^They n''rf'7KrT ]i"iK uv nvnaii -iu;k n"]r;2K
conveyed it from Abinadab's house on the hill,
[Uzzah walking]'^ alongside-'' the Ark of God

•yy h'2'2. mn;" '>)^b b-'pnu/p %'W''-
and Ahio walking in front of the Ark. ^Mean-
n-'Qnni b^^nni niiiiDnT nû/nn
while, David and all the House of Israel danced
before the Lord to ''-[the sound of] all kinds of
cypress wood [instruments],-''with lyres, harps,
timbrels, sistrums, and cymbals. nj^^n ^vl^^j '>2 î TnK=^-!b-'n'7Kri ]1-ik

6But when they came to the threshing floor up in?:'! *n-Ti7n nin;" tq^nn^'V
of Nacon, Uzzah reached out for the Ark of God ny uvj niî) bwr\-bv n"'n'7Kri
111K
and grasped it, for the oxen had stumbled./
yns -iu;k ^bv i]ib '^w^ » : Qv'^xn
^The Lord was incensed at Uzzah. And God
Kinn Dipia^ K-ipî *niv:i y^^ mn^
struck him down on the spot sfor his indiscre-
tion, -g and he died there beside the Ark of God.

: njri Q'i=?n ly n-fy y^B
^David was distressed because the Lord had
inflicted a breach upon Uzzah; and that place nnx-K'pi 10 : nin^ ]ln><; ^bK Kin^ "i^.k
was named Perez-uzzah,'' as it is still called. '^^v-bv nyn^ ]l"iK-nK vbi<, n^pn^ lin
"^David was afraid of the Lord that day; he priori nnK-rnV n'>^ nil inu;'! "tit
said, "How can I let the Ark of the Lord come
^mn a'-iK inV n^? mrr! ]nK n\z;:'i n
to me?" i^So David would not bring the Ark
of the Lord to his place in the City of Da-
vid; instead, Da'vid diverted it to the house of
Obed-edom the Gittite. nThe Ark of the Lord
remained in the house of Obed-edom the
a Vv. 2-12 are found also in 1 Chron. 13.5-14, with variations, "n:v" DJ1 "Niv" DJ inw ain^ tti 'anâ w. 3-8.
b Identical with Baalah, another name for Kiriath-jearim, where
the Ark had been kept (cf. 1 Sam. 6.21; 1 Chron. 13.6; Josh. 15.9).
c-c Septuagint and 4QSam' read "cart alongside."
d Cf w. 6-7.
e-e Cf. Kimhi; the parallel passage 1 Chron. 13.8 reads "with all
"
their might and with songs.
/ Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
g-g So Targum; I Chron. 13.10 reads "because he had laid a hand

on the Ark.
h I.e., "the Breach of Uzzah"; cf. 5.20 and note.
655
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 6.11 1 n "^KiDu; D''K-'n3
Gittite three months, and the Lord blessed

Obed-edom and his whole household. : lri"'5-'73-nK'! anK
'2It was reported to King David: "The Lord hbK'?
nin-" T|-|5 tit -^fpt^b 1^112
has blessed Obed-edom's house and all that
l'7-nw><;-'73-nK"i d'-tk inv n-in-nK
belongs to him because of the Ark of God."
""^Vl "til "i?"!.}.
ci"'n'7^n ii"!K -nnv5
'Thereupon David went and brought up the Ark
of God from the house of Obed-edom to the
Tiy niK "rnv rr'n^p D">n'7Kn liiK-riK
CityofDavid, amid rejoicing. '^When the bear- 'Kti/j ny^ '3 V"'"]
!' :nnnU;3 n.T
ers of the Ark of the Lord had moved forward
six paces, he sacrificed 'an ox and a fatling.' "JQ^ TV"'?^^ ~i3n3D inV'' :>^"''!P^
'•*David whirled with all his might before the -"731 hni 15 :i3 niaK m>n nhi mn""
Lord; David was girt with a linen ephod. '?Thus
nin"" ]l"iK-nK u^b:j'i2 hk'ip'^ jt's
David and all the House of Israel brought up
:-iQiu; b^p:^^ nynns
the Ark of the Lord with shouts and with blasts
'73-'^ ITT T"!; K3 nSn'^, p"iK n^ni if-
of the horn.
'Âs the Ark of the Lord entered the City of ^1^1 p'^nn ny3 1 n^p\u2 '7w\f7-n3
David, Michal daughter of Saul looked out of nin-i •':3^ "i3-i3?3t ttdu ii^ ib'Jan-riK
the window and saw King David leaping and :n3'73 ih nr\)
whirling before the Lord; and she despised him in'K nin^ ik3^'!17
^:k^''^
Pl^"^^
for it.
1)1 1'7-nyj nu/K brikn "înn inip?p3
I
"They brought in the Ark of the Lord and
:D"'nû;i mn"' ^^^b n)b'v iti bv^^
set it up in its place inside the tent which David
n^p^\i;rn nb'ivn nib^ynn tit b-î) is
had pitched tor it, and David sacrificed burnt
offerings and offerings of well-being before the

:nlK3y mn^ nu/n ayrrriK '^1:2'^)
Lord. '*^When David finished sacrificing the '"bKliu-' ilDn-b'3'7 nyn-'73b pbni) 19
burnt offerings and the offerings of well-being, bn^ n^n \LJ^kb nwK-ryi U7"'K)3^
he blessed the people in the name of the Lord ^^".1 nriK nu7"'U7Ki iHk ieju/kt nriK
of Hosts. 'Ând he distributed among all the :in''3^ \Lj'>K oyn-'73
people — the entire multitude of Israel, man and
woman alike — to each a loaf of bread, /a cake
b^^'n KYni irfn-riK ']i2b iti nii/^^vo
made in a pan, and a raisin cake./ Then all the
people left for their homes.

•'i"'y^ hvri n'7AJ nu/K bki\p'> ^^)3 uvn
20David went home to greet his household. iriK nl'7>j ni'7jn3 vi^v nlnpK
And Michal daughter of Saul came out to meet
David and said, "Didn't the king of Israel do
himself honor today —exposing himself today
in the sight of the slavegirls of his subjects, as
one of the riffraff might expose himself!" -'Da-
I Vv. I2b-14 are found, with variations, in I Chron. 15.25-27;

w. I5-I9a, with vanatiom, w I Chron. I5.2S-I6.3:\-V. I9b-20a,
with variations, in I Chron. 16.4}.
j-j lOSam" reads "seven oxen and sor/i Iramsj"; cj. I Chron.
15.26.
" «
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 7.10 T n'7K1)3U; 'K-'lJ
vid answered Michal, "It was before the Lord

who me instead of your father and all his
chose
family and appointed me ruler over the Lord's
people Israel! I will dance before the Lord 22and
nln)3Kn-nvi ^pv^ b^\u ''ri\"'m riKTn
dishonor myself even more, and be low in ^'-my
own-''' esteem; but among the slavegirls that you
speak of I will be honored." 23So to her dying
nl'' IV ibi nb n^n-k'p '7iKu;-n5
day Michal daughter of Saul had no children. D :nnl)3
7."When the king was settled in his palace and mn"""! irT'nn "n^Jan nu/^-^s nî T
the Lord had granted him safety from all the n)pKn2 :1iniK-'73)p n^^Dp l^Ti-'jn
enemies around him, -the king said to the
"pjK KJ HK"! i<.^'^m ]nybK ^'^'pKjri
prophet Nathan: "Here I am dwelling in a house

nu;'i "'n'7Kn piKT "nx n\nn nu/l""
of cedar, while the Ark of the Lord abides in
a tent!" ^Nathan said to the king, "Go and do

whatever you have in mind, for the Lord is
mn;' ""S niyy ^b înnb'n -i\^k Vs
with you." D :11)3V
4But that same night the word of the Lord mn^nnT ^'n^T Kinn n^^'pn 'ri^)'^
came to Nathan: 5"Go and say to My servant py-^K ^riinK") ^^7 5 :-i')3K'7 inr'7K
David: Thus said the Lord: Are you the one to
build a house for Me to dwell in? ^From the day n^nn ^'nnu/T Kb '3 6 '.^n^\ub n;"!
that I brought the people of Israel out of Egypt
nnY)3)3 ^bi<s'i\u^ 'J^riK ^nbv'ri nl^py
to this day I have not dwelt in a house, but have
briK'2. 'q'prTnjp h'>riK) n|n nl='ri lyi
moved about in Tent and Tabernacle. Âs I
moved about wherever the Israelites went, did

-^73 n ^-'rip^nnnnu/K Vnn 7 : ]3u;p3i
I ever reproach any of the tribal leaders^ whom \pnu;hnK-nK ""rriiT "in-in"'7K"iU7^ 'J3
I appointed to care for My people Israel: Why "javriK nlynb' •'ri''iy iu;k bk'ip'>
have you not built Me a house of cedar? ^b nn^n-i<b rrnib '^'ni<b "^Knu/^-riK
^"Further, say thus to My servant David: Thus •.WJIK IT'S
said the Lord of Hosts: took you from the pas- I
hpK nb iSib ^'I'Avb nnkn-na nnyf
ture, from following the flock, to be ruler of My
people Israel, ând I have been with you wher-
-bv ^pV'bv "f^^ ^V"^^ l^V'^ "inK)p
ever you went, and have cut down all your en-
emies before you. Moreover, I will give you great riD^n -iu;k ^"^bn i\m n^rrKT biiiw'' "^
:
renown like that of the greatest men on earth. ^npv'i "^^jQjp ^'n^K-'73-nK nnnpKl
101 will establish a home for My people Israel : y-iK3 -i\z;k D^ViAn uvj'd b'\i^ u\u ^^b
and will plant them firm, so that they shall dwell vm\?)^ bK-W''b ijav^ nlp)p° "npu/T 10
secure and shall tremble no more. Evil men shall liy Tn;" i^niin
iq-'P'tk'pi k"?*) ]2\lj)
k-k Septuagint reads "your.
a This chapter is found, with variations, also in 1 Chron. 17.
b Understanding shible as "scepters"; so Kimhi. 1 Chron. 17.6

reads "chieftains"; cf. below, v. 11.
657
.ivi'iM 2 SAMUEL 7.10 T n bi<.m\u D-'N-'nj
not oppress them any more as in the past, "ever

since I appointed chieftains over My people Is-
rael. I wîll give you safety from all your enemies.
"The Lord cieclares to you that He, the Lord,
wîll establish a houses for you. '^When your
days are done and you lie with your fathers, I
will raise up your offspring after you, one of

your own issue, and I will establish his kingship.
'^He shall build a house for My name, and I will KD3-nK TiJpi mwb n^z-nn^
establish his royal throne forever. ''*I will be a
father to him, and he shall be a son to Me. When
he does wrong, I will chastise him ''with the
•"J!! •'y:ijnT dû/jk uniz/n T-nnDni
rod of men and the affliction of mortals;'' '^but
I will never withdraw My favor from him as I
innpn "iii/K b^k'îj nv)? "•nnpn

withdrew it from Saul, whom I removed '"to
make room for you.*" '^'Your house and your

kingship shall ever be secure before you;/your -IV ]1DJ njii'> T|Kp3 '^"'JQ^ D'^ly
throne shall be established forever." :ubw
'^Nathan spoke to David in accordance with n-Tn ]v-Tnn "7331 nbkri nnnin Vâ 17
all these words and all this prophecy. '^Then
King David came and before the Lord, and
he said, "What am
sat
O Lord God, and what is

i5jk m nxpKî nrn^ 'jd'? ni^î tit
\,
my family, that You have brought me thus far?

''^Yet even this, O Lord God, has seemed too
^pK V^"'V? ^^] "I'li' °lPpJni ''^
: n'pn
little to You; for You have spoken of Your ser-
vant's house also for the future. .?-May that be -n'n^ 20 :mn"' "'J'tk ^"Ji^^ rinin riK'n
the law for the people,-.? O Lord God. 20What nvji nriKT ^'I^K nî^ i"\v niT ^-^x^v
more can David say to You? You know Your ^"^-131 "inyii:! inpT ->pi<. "îny-nK
servant, O Lord God. 2ig-For Your word's sake HK'Tn n'7nAn-'73 riK n^\hv ^]:lb2^
and of Your own accord\>J You have wrought
this great thing, and made it known to Your
^n^lT b-'rf'7K l-iK") T]1)33 l''K'"'3 rT}P'>
servant. --You are great indeed, O Lord God!
^^?3y3 -"DT 23 1J1JTK3 IJi/p^'^l^f^^ "^'33
There is none like You and there is no other God :
but You, as we have always heard. ^Ând who -i3'7n -iu;>f y-!K3 ifiK ••U '7K-it:;''3
is like Your people Israel, a unic]ue nation on uw i"? n^\ub^ uvb l'7-nnD'7 nTlb'K
earth, whom God went and redeemed as His ^^-in"? niK-jj") n'pnîrT D3^ T^wvb^
people, winning renown for Himself and doing
great and marvelous deeds for them'" [and] for
c I.e., a dynasty, play on "house" (i.e.. Temple) in v. 5.
tt-tl I.e., only as a human father would.

<••<• Lit. "from before you."
I Septuagini reads "before Me," i.e., "by My favor.
g-g Meaning of Heb. uncertain.

h Heb. "you, " apparently denoting Israel.
658
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 8.4 n n '^KiJû; d^k-'ij
Your land — [driving out]' nations and their nm nnY)3p ^"^^ nn3 "iu/k 'Ti'nv "'jQp
gods before Your people, whom You redeemed

for Yourself from Egypt. 24You have established
n"n uStt' njiKT 'îv-iv ^vb ^"7
Your people Israel as Your very own people for-
ever; and You, O Lord, have become their God.
rinni "i\i7K nn'iri wribK nyi'; nnvT 25
25"And now, O Lord God, fulfill Your prom-
Your servant and his house forever; and
D^^ly-TV ni7ri irr'n-b'y") ^"î-^^-bv
ise to
do as You have promised. 26And may Your nv '^pp bir) 26 : rinnT -iu;k3 niyyi
name be glorified forever, in that men will say, 71; D^rr'^K niKny mn;" i)3K'7 b'ply
'The Lord of Hosts is God over Israel'; and may :

^'jq'7 ]1dj njri^: tit "ri^ny h^nT bii.-yiu';
the house of Your servant David be established bk-ip^ ^ribK nikny nin^ nriK-â 27
before You. 27Because You, O Lord of Hosts,
the God of Israel, have revealed to Your servant
'7j7Qrinb' li'^-riK ^'I'lV kyw ]3-'7V "^b
that You will build a house for him. Your ser-
^jiK nrivi
I
28 : nK-Tn n^Qrin-riK '^'^k
vant has ventured to offer this prayer to You.
28And now, O Lord God, You are God and Your vn'' ^nniT n"'rT'7KrT kin-nriK mn^
words will surely come true, and You have
made this gracious promise to Your servant. n^n-nK ^"q-ini ^'7Kln nrii7i29 :nKTri
29Be pleased, therefore, to bless Your servant's nnK"^3 n'îi^^ ril-'n'? "^^nv
^''J?^
house, that it abide before You forever; for You,
-n-'n '^'i'21 '^riD-injpT nniiT hin;' '>pi<.
O Lord God, have spoken. May Your servant's
3 in'pli;^ ^"inv
house be blessed forever by Your blessing."
8,'"Some
Philistines
time afterward, David attacked the
and subdued them; and David took
n
Metheg-ammah^ from the Philistines. 2He also
defeated the Moabites. He made them lie down

ny"iK DJilK nsu/n ^b:in:^ ni^J?"')
on the ground and he measured them off with
'7nnrT iib)y\ n-^trb h-^b^n-^w Tin-ii
a cord; he measured out two lengths of cord for
those who were to be put to death, and one

^KU/j '"iny'7 nnynKi?3 'nni nvnri'?
length for those to be spared.'' And the Moabites :nnjp
became tributary vassals of David.
3David defeated Hadadezer son of Rehob, :[*nn3-]-iriJ3 It n-'i^n^ '^^'?^^ "^7^^

king of Zobah, who was then on his way to re-
store his monument'' at the Euphrates River.
njp.v;''! '5?;i u;''K c]^k anu/VT d-'U/hej
4David captured 1,700 horsemen and 20,000
HKp i3)3p nnl^'i nD-in-'73-nK \r\
foot soldiers of his force; and David hamstrung
3TI3 i(.b^ xnp V. 3.
i So 1 Chron. 17.21.
a This chapter is reproduced, with some variations, in 1 Chron.

18.
h If not a place name, meaning of Heb. uncertain,

c I.e., he repeatedly doomed twice the number he spared,
d On yad in this sense, cf 18.18; 1 Chron. 18.3; 1 Sam. 15.12.
659 Others "dominion."
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 8.4 n n bKM^VJ D-'K-'nj
all the chariot horses, except for loo which he
retained. Ând when the Arameans of Damas- D^KS Hit 111"! nniy Î'pn irvTin'?
cus came to the aid of King Hadadezer of Zobah,
David struck down 22,000 of the Arameans.
iîb b"iK >r[n) pt^JST dik^ b-'nyj
^David stationed garrisons in Aram of Damas-
cus, and the Arameans became tributary vassals
jiK li"! nj^^y -.-^bri nu/K ^221 ii^
of David. The Lord gave David victory wher-
ever he went. "David took the gold shields'" car- "iTViin nnv b'K vri "iu/k nn-Tn ybv;
ried by Hadadezer's retinue and brought them ny ""ninnT nunm« :D'7\f;n'' dk"'!"'")
to Jerusalem; **and from Betah and Berothai,
towns of Hadadezer, King David took a vast
amount of copper.
Til nan '3 nnn "q^n ^vn ybu/^y
"^When King Toi of Hamath heard that David
"vn n'7\p''iio nTi/Tin b->n-b:2 riK
had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer,
'[^-bKVJb iii-'q'7)3n-'7K ij^-DnlTJiK
'OToi sent his son Joram to King David to greet
him and to congratulate him on his military vic-

tory over Hadadezer — for Hadadezer had been
at war with Toi. [Joram] brought with him ob-
jects of silver, gold, and copper. "King David "^br^ri u;"'"iprT nnK-n^n :nu7'm '^b^^
dedicated these to the Lord, along with the
nu/K bn-Tni tqD3rT-DV nyi^h iti
other silver and gold that he dedicated, [taken]
D"1K)3 12 :U;33 lU/K Q;'Bn-'73)p \IJ''l\?n
from all the nations he had conquered: '2from
Edom>' Moab, and Amnion; from the Philis-
tines and the Amalekites, and from the plunder •q^jp ^'nn-jn "iTVlin bbwn^ pbuvm
of Hadadezer son of Rehob, king of Zobah. :n3iy
'3David gained fame^-when he returned from -JlK 1nl3rT)3 13U;3 UUJ ITl U/V"."! '^
defeating-^ Edom/ in the Valley of Salt, 18,000

in all. '-^He stationed garrisons in Edom — ''he Du; bnK-'733 n->iiY2 niiKn niu^^ m
stationed garrisons in all of Edom'' —and all the
v\uv) "[Ti'7 Dnny nnK-'73 'nî a-inyj
Edomites became vassals of David. The Lord
:^bri lu/K "^bn "r"i"i"nK nin"'
gave David victory wherever he went.
"fil "'Hî bi<.'y\L;'>-b2-bv n.T '^b-n^') i?
'5David reigned over all Israel, and David ex-
ecuted true justice among all his people. '^Joab
son of Zeruiah was commander of the army; Je- -]3 UQ\f;in"'i Knyn-"?:; n-iny-js
hoshaphat son of Ahilud was recorder; '"Zadok mu-inN'ia PH^T" :"i'3Tn n'7"'nK
son of Ahitub and 'Ahimelech son of Abiathar'
were priests; Seraiah' was scribe; '^Benaiah
"D(inN" -inx noijn
"
e Or "(fuiven.
/ So several mss., SepUiiigint, and I Chroti. 18.U-1}; and cf.
V. 14 below. Printed editions and most mss. read "Aram."

g-g I Chron. I ft. 12 and Ps. 60. 1 read differently,
h-h nis phrase is lacking in I Chron. Itl.lX
i-i Emendation y'ields" Abiathar son ofAhimelech," cf., e.g., 20.25;
I Sam. 22.20.
j "Sheva" in 20.25; "Shavsha" in I Chron. 18.16.
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 9.10 u n "7X1)31:; q^kîj
son of Jehoiada was ^-commander of-'-' the
Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David's sons
were priests.
^ David inquired, "Is there anyone
of the House of Saul with whom

still left
can keep faith

V
I
ninyn ion 1?3V ntz/VKi hM<.\u rrin^
for the sake of Jonathan?" ^There was a servant
Ki'iy '\)2p^ ini; b^K\u nîb^ 2 : jnjln"'
of the House of Saul named Ziba, and they sum-
vbK "^^Tsn "inx^'i tjx^^ 'i'^'^^li?""!
moned him to David. "Are you Ziba?" the king
'^^2K)^J :'^pV "up^'^T Knîy nnKn
asked him. «-"Yes, sir,"-" he replied. ^The king
continued, "Is there anyone at all left of the
b^k\u n-'n'p 'vj^k ily ddkh ^bi^ri
House of Saul with whom I can keep faith as

kn-iy "inK^'T n^ribii "ton 1?3V nu/VK")
pledged before God?"'' Ziba answered the king, : n:'^n npj jriJln"''? jn liy 'q'7)3n-'7K
"Yes, there is still a son of Jonathan whose feet n)3K^1 K^r\ ri^^K '^br^ri l^nnK'i4
are crippled." ^"Where is he?" the king asked, i-'pn n"'5 Kin-n;in ^'7)ari-'7K xn'iY
and Ziba said to the king, "He is in the house
11T il^)3n nb\u'>) 5 n-î i/'n '7K"')3V"i:3
of Machir son of Ammiel, in Lo-debar." SKing
: nnn l^p '7K-')ai7-]n t'du rr'np innj?^!
David had him brought from the house of
''7iKu;-]n ]njin^-]:3 nu;n"'3)p xn^fe
Machir son of Ammiel, at Lo-debar; ând when
inriU7''T '^'3"'!
Mephibosheth son of Jonathan son of Saul came -1)3K;'1 T'J3''7V tit"^^
to David, he flung himself on his face and pros-
trated himself David said, "Mephibosheth!" r\m nti/ifK "nu/y -"a KTri-'7K iSi ^b '
and he replied, "At your service, sir." ^David said ^7 "'nnurni ^'nK jnjin^ ''^'\'^V.^ "fon
to him, "Don't be afraid, for I will keep faith
'75Kn nriKl ^'=ii< b^^\u n"TU;-'73-nK
with you for the sake of your father Jonathan.
"inK'n inriu/^T » n-iipn ^)nb\LJ-bv nnj?
I will give you back all the land of your grand-
"lU/K n)3rT nîn-^K rr-jQ ^3 "^py np
father Saul; moreover, you shall always eat at
my table." ^[Mephibosheth] prostrated himself
again, and said, "What is your servant, that you '71KU7 nyj Kn"'V"'7K "^br^ri K'ii?='T9
should show regard for a dead dog like me?" -b^WbMiVJb nin nu/K^'â vbi< n)pK=^T
9The king summoned Ziba, Saul's steward, )b ninyi 10 i^-ijiK'jn^ ^rin: irr'n
and said to him, "I give to your master's grand-
son everything that belonged to Saul and to his
hu/'i-'Dpi l'7DK"! bn^ '^'JiK-jn^ n^ni
entire family. lOYou and your sons and your
^^ribp-b:; an^^ imn b'pK'"' "qi'iK-jn
slaves shall farm the land for him and shall
bring in [its yield] to provide food for your mas-

ter's grandson"^ to live on; but Mephibosheth,
your master's grandson, shall always eat at my
k-k So Targum (cf. 20.23; 1 Chron. 18.17); Heb. "and."
a-a Lit. "Your servant is."
b See 1 Sam. 20.14 and note,
c Septuagint reads "household."
661
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 9. 10 u n "7X1)21:7 ^K-«nj
table." — Ziba had fifteen sons and twenty

slaves. — "Ziba said to the king, "Your servant ]3 i'lny-nK "^^ran "'Jik niv nu;K
will do just as my lord the king has commanded ^^rib\p-bv '7DK nu/n^Qm ^^ny niuvi
him." ''-"Mephibosheth shall eat at my table''
like one of the king's sons."
i2Mephibosheth had a young son named

Mica; and all the members of Ziba's household
: nu7n-'D)2'7 ami/ K^^y-rr'n nu;in
in'7U7-'7y -"s D'pif/n"'^ hu;'"' nu;:i"'Q?pT 13

worked for Mephibosheth. '^Mephibosheth
lived in Jerusalem, for he ate regularly at the 'riiy iiDS Kini '73K i<.^r[ T-nn ^"pjan
king's table. He was lame in both feet.
10 "Some time afterward, the king of Am- ]1)3y '>n ^17)3 nnî jb-nriK ^n^y
nion died, and his son Hanun succeeded him i\-i "lUK^'V :i"'nnn 1J3 ]ijn Tj'^nî
as king. 2David said, "I will keep faith with
"iu;k3 ^nr]3 i^jri'DV 1 lon-nu/yK
Hanun son of Nahash, just as his father kept
innj^ in n^p") ion ^''im vnK nti;v
faith with me." He sent his courtiers with a mes-
-rn 'inv ^Knî T'3k-'7k viny-i^n
sage of condolence to him over his father. But
when David's courtiers came to the land of Am-
]i)3i7-^n n.U7 'nnK'"! .^
: ]mv ^n y"iK
mon, ^the Ammonite officials said to their lord ^'nK-riK ni.T 'i:^:?'i2r[ nn^jiK ]iJn-'7K
Hanun, "Do you think David is really honoring

your father just because he sent you men with nDDn'pi n'7n'7T h'-yn-riK nipn mnyn
condolences? Why, David has sent his courtiers
]ijn np^v :"?]i^K inny-JiK itt nb\u
to you to explore and spy out the city, and to
DJjPT 'Yn-riK nny-nx
hbv^ -[^^l
overthrow'' it." -^So Hanun seized David's court-
n^nlnu; iv ""Ynii n^nn-riK n'-iDî
iers, clipped off one side of their beards and cut
DJiK'ip'p nb\ui] inb npi an'pu;-'} -^
:
away half of their garments at the buttocks, and

sent them off. "^When David was told of it, he nnkî I'Kp D"')3^3J D^wjKn vri-^2
dispatched men to meet them, for the men were

greatly embarrassed. And the king gave orders: :DnnU7T
"Stop in Jericho until your beards grow back; in'û/""! inn iu/kdj '3 jiray '',^? ^Î"! ^
then you can return."

nirn-n"'3 niK-riK °n3u;''i ]l)3i;-'n
^The Ammonites realized that they had
'incurred the wrath of' David; so the Ammon-
-D-iJu; 3lu \:7-'Ki u/iK iq^K n3yn "^'pn
ites sent agents and hired Arameans of Beth-
rehob and Arameans of Zobah — 20,000 foot
soldiers — thekingofMaacah [with] 1,000 men,

and 12,000 men from Tob. Ôn learning this,
David sent out Joab and the whole army
d-d Sepluaginl reads "And Mephiboilwlh ale at David's table."
a This chapter is found also in I Chron. 1 9.
h Emendation yields "reconnoiter"; cf. Deut. 1.22; Josh. 2.2-3.

c-c See note at I Sam. 13.4.
662
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 10.19 ^ n "7X1^^7 D^K^nj
[including] the professional fighters. ^The Am-

monites marched out and took up their battle nlu-ii/^KT ninni Kniy nnKi "ivj^^n
position at the entrance of the gate, while the -^3 :ikv Kniiv :niti75 'in'p nfjypT
Arameans of Zobah and Rehob and the men of
D-'jsp n)bn^)3ri >)b vbK nn^n
Tob and Maacah took their stand separately in
the open. 9}oab saw that there was a battle line

So he made a
-in^. nKT 10 :D-jK riK-ip^ TlV.^l} '^Îtz;;'
against him both front and rear.
selection from all the picked men of Israel and riKip^ •qny^'T vriK -"u/nK -riii ]m uvn
arrayed them against the Arameans, 'Oand the ^îQ)2 bnK prnrraK nTpk^T 1
1 : jDav "'J^
rest of the troops he put under the command ^p]w ^]1)2V ""J^'Qi^l nyiU7"''7 ''b nn^ni
of his brother Abishai^ and arrayed them
against the Ammonites. '^[Joab] said, "If the
Arameans prove too strong for me, you come

:vpv:i. nlun nu/y;" np-'T
to my aid; and if the Ammonites prove too
strong for you, I will come to your aid. i-Let
n)3n'7)3'7 1)3i; nu/K bym dkv mî 13
us be strong and resolute for the sake of our peo-

ple and the land^" of our God; and the Lord will m'n^l '\i;"'nK ""JSJ? Wj;"! a^K OJ-ia
do what He deems right." Kn^T pKJV 'jia ^bvi2 :ikv 2.m "Tiyn
i3Joab and the troops with him marched into

battle against the Arameans, who fled before
IDDKI'T bK'Wi '>2^b rjAJ 1^ nnK K"!"."! 15
him. i4And when the Ammonites saw that the

biK-nx Ky"^! "iTyTin n'7u;î i^ : ini
Arameans had fled, they fled before Abishai and
Tinlu/T D'7''n iK'n^T nmn nnv)? hu/x
withdrew into the city. So Joab broke off the
Ammonites, and went
imi7 :nri''J3^ ""li^^llO ^^^'^^^
attack against the to
Jerusalem.
i5When the Arameans saw that they had been bnK iD-iy;''! *n)pK'7n K'nî j'l-ii'rT-nx
routed by Israel, they regrouped their forces. bnx DJ^^vs -Am innV='i ih riKnp^
i6Hadadezer/sent for and brought out the Ar- y^^:; nnKn in nnî '7K";ti7^ "'jsn
ameans from across the Euphrates; they came
to Helam, led by Shobach, Hadadezer's/army
iK-i^T 19 : DU7 nypi) nan ixnynti/ "qnlu;
commander. '^David was informed of it; he as-
':q'7 \^n 12 "iTi7"nn nny D^3'7)3n"'73
sembled all Israel, crossed the Jordan, and came
to Helam. The Arameans drew up their forces
against David and attacked him; i^but the Ar-

ameans were put to flight by Israel. David killed
700 Aramean charioteers and 40,000 horse-

men;i' he also struck down Shobach, Hadad-
ezer's'' army commander, who died there.
i9And when all the vassal kings of Hadadezer/
d Heb. "Abshai."
e Lit. "towns."
'
f Many editions read "Hadarezer. . . Hadarezer's.
g I Chron. 19.18 reads "foot soldiers."

h Heb. "his."
663
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 10.19 1 3 b'Kinu; D^K^nj
saw that they had been routed by Israel, they
submitted to Israel and became their vassals.
And the Arameans were afraid to help the Am- 3 :11?3V

monites any more.
11 At the turn of the year, the season when

kings go out [to battle], David sent Joab with
his officers and all Israel with him, and they dev-
astated Ammon and besieged Rabbah; Da\id

remained in Jerusalem. -Late one afternoon,
riy"? I
TT-'l : C : DÛ;TT'3 lyJV Tl.T)
David rose from his couch and strolled on the
roof of the royal palace; and from the roof he
saw a woman bathing. The woman was ver)'
beautiful, ând the king sent someone to make :iK7p nK-in nniu n\^xm i^n b:jr2
inquiries about the woman. He reported, "She -Ki'^n "inNî hwk'p u/'m'i lii n'?u;'i 3
is Bathsheba daughter of Eliam [and] wife of nniN nu;K DV^'^KTia ynu/Tin riKT
Uriah the Hittite." ^DaWd sent messengers to
D"'3k'7)? :''rinri
niii?'"] Ill 'n'pu;'!-!
fetch her; she came to him and he lay with
nu;"i.i7ri)p kiht nrpv nau;""! V^k Kinni
her— she had her
just purified herself after
:nni^-bi<. 3u;ni nnNpyn
period — and she went back home. ^The woman
^^7l^\^J
conceived, and she sent word to David, "I am nnn "inxrn. i\ib lari") 'nb^j^\^ nwi<-r[
pregnant." ^Thereupon David sent a message to ''7N nbvj 2kv-bi<. "ni nb]u'>^ ^ : ""d^k
Joab, "Send Uriah the Hittite to me"; and Joab HK nxr n'û;"'! ""nnn nn^K-nj<
sent Uriah to David. :T11-'7K n'>;^M<.
"When Uriah came to him, David asked him Di'7u;'7 li"! hi<.]I;'^^ vbi<. ^l'^M^ n3^1"
how Joab and the troops were faring and how
:n'i2nbi2n u'\b\ub'\ avn u^bpb^ nxv
the war was going. '^Then David said to Uriah,
"Go down to your house and bathe your feet."

Kyni q'7)3n n^nn nn^K ky""! "^""bri
When Uriah left the royal palace, a present firom
the king followed him. ^But Uriah slept at the
entrance of the royal palace, along with the

other officers of his lord, and did not go down -i>bK^ -[)ib ni?! 10 : ln"'n-'7K TV i<b^
to his house, 'owhen David was told that Uriah TIT "iDN''") in"'?"'7K nniK n:'-K'7
had not gone down to his house, he said to
ynn k3 nriK iiin ki'^h nniN-'^K
Uriah, "You just came from a journey; why
nnii< "DpN'"!" :"^ri"'?-'7K rnn^K'?
didn't you go down to your house?" 'Uriah an-
i
U'^'ip'' riTin'') bi<.^^p''^ piKri' iii''7N

swered David, "The Ark and Israel and Judah
are located at Succoth, and my master Joab and
Your Majesty's men are camped in the open; Vdk'? •'n-'3-'7K Ki3K -"JK"] D"'jn niWH
how can go home and eat and drink and
I sleep "HT *"T'n Tiu/K'ny n3u;'7T mn**:?'7T
D'''73ipn cnox] •ot' ipnjn-! k

"
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 11.23 K'' n'7K1)3\y D''K-'1J
with my wife? ''-As you live, by your very life,-" :nTri -in-in-riK nt^VK-OK -îz/qj
I will not do this!" i2David said to Uriah, "Stay n:\ ntn nu; nh^K-'^K nn -inK='ii2
here today also, and tomorrow I will send you
off." So Uriah remained in Jerusalem that day.
:n^n)3)3T wnn Di^n njîi/n^n
The next day, i3David summoned him, and he
r\m v)^b '75Kî ni"t I'p-Knpî 13
ate and drank with him until he got him drunk;
but in the evening, [Uriah] went out to sleep
in the same place, with his lord's officers; he did
not go down to his home. nKl''-'7K nap nn nnp^T ni^'iin 'n"'! h
i4In the morning, David wrote a letter to Joab, "iQpn nriD^Tis :nniK iin nbp")
which he sent with Uriah. iSHe wrote in the let- ''J3 ^'în-b'K nniK-riK inn '^r2Kb
ter as follows: "Place Uriah in the front line
n3Ji innxn arinu;") ni^mri nnn^T^n
where the fighting is fiercest; then fall back so
that he may be killed." i^So when Joab was be-
sieging the city, he stationed Uriah at the point

where he knew that there were able warriors. TVn 'U'jK ^ky;'! 17 :U]u b->r[->\uiK ^2
i7The men of the city sallied out and attacked

Joab, and some of David's officers among the
troops fell; Uriah the Hittite was among those '")n'i-'73-nK ih'7 ip_) :iKV nÛ7^Ti«
who died.
iKJK'? 'qK'pTarT-nK iy""! 1^ -.ni^nbi^n
18 Joab sent a full report of the battle to Da-
"151^ nipnîan nni-^3 jik "^nlâB
vid. i9He instructed the messenger as follows:
npn n'pvn-DK n^nvn :^^)3n-'7K
"When you finish reporting to the king all about
the battle, 20the king may get angry and say to
n-'i7rT-'7K unpn yiijp "^b -ipxT '^brzn
you, 'Why did you come so close to the city to bvi2 iTnu/K riK nrivT Kl'prr onVn^
attack it? Didn't you know that they would -]5 'q'7n''nKTiK n3n-'?p2i :nplnrT
shoot from the wall? 21 Who struck down Abi- n^Q^T'^y n'2''b\LJri niFK-xl'pn niîn''
melech son of Jerubbesheth?'' Was it not a wo- r[)3b yirin nn^^T njplnn bvri ii^n
man who dropped an upper millstone on him
from the wall at Thebez, from which he died?
:np 'nnrr nnm
Why did you come so close to the wall?' Then
n.K i\ib ip^ K'n^T "qK^Jpri '^^^'.122
say: 'Your servant Uriah the Hittite was among
those killed.'"
%^)3n "IDK^T 23 : nxi"" '\nb\LJ "iu^k-'73
22The messenger set out; he came and told IKY""! "'U^JKH \rbv nnr^3 "fit'^k
David all that Joab had sent him to say.*^ 23Xhe nnsny Dpi'''?!/ n^nai nnti/n ij^^k
messenger said to David, "First the men pre- DnlTan 'x-nnn ^'^''^ ik-i^t24 :-ivi£;n
vailed against us and sallied out against us into
the open; then we drove them back up to the
a-a Meaning ofHeb. uncertain. Emendation yields "As the Lord

lives and as you live" (cf. I Sam. 20.3; 25.26; etc.). Lit. "as
you live and as your being lives.

b The earlier form is Jenibbaal (another name for Gideon), Judg.
7.1; on -bosheth/besheth for -baal, see note at 2 Sam. 4.4. For
the event at Thebez described here, see Judg. 9.35 ff.
c Septuagint continues with a recapitulation ofw. 19-21.
665
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 11.23 K'' inb'KinU; D-'K-'aj
entrance to the gate. --^But the archers shot at nnyj? im)3î njpinn '^vn T]ini7"'7K
your men from the wall and some of Your Maj- Tinn nniK "^^ny ail ^"pTan
esty's men fell; your servant Uriah the Hittite
also fell." 25Whereupon David said to the mes-

-riK ^rvn V"i:'"'7K :iK'i'''7K "ip^'ri
senger, "Give Joab this message: 'Do not be dis-
nnnn '7DKn nnT nTD-'3 vkr\ nn-in
tressed about the matter. The sword ''always
takes its toll.'' Press your attack on the city and

destroy it!' Encourage him!"
26When Uriah's wife heard that her husband r\^'y\'i^ np-iD nniK nu/K V)pU7n"i26
Uriah was dead, she lamented over her hus-

band. -"After the period of mourning was over, i^-'nni irT'n-'7K hdok;'"! -xn n'û/"'!
David sent and had her brought into his palace;
she became his wife and she bore him a son.

"ryia in nu;v—i\z;k i.nin vvy k^ t.
"I ^ But the Lord was displeased with what
JL Aj David had done, 'and the Lord sent

Nathan He came to him and said,
to David.
"There were two men in the same city, one rich inNT n-'u/v ipK nriN -fyn Tin dû/jk
and one poor. -The rich man had very large

flocks and herds, ^but the poor man had only npN nti7n3-nK°"'3 ^^'^^ ^l^Pl :iKn ^
one little ewe lamb that he had bought. He

tended it and it grew up together with him and
1p3)pT '73Kn insp Tin: T'J^-nvi
his children: it used to share his morsel of bread,
:nn3 l'7-'nrT! ni)u;n ipTim "nnif/n
drink from his cup, and nestle in his bosom; it
r\ry^b '7an:'"! "T'u/yri ^/'k'? "I'^ri ^'y>y

was like a daughter to him. -lOne day, a traveler
came to the rich man, but he was loath to take 1^-K3n vriyb rmjvh ini^^pi iJKVp
anything from his own flocks or herds to pre- nibv!!i *u;Knri u^"'i<ri ht^na-riK nj?"!
pare a meal for the guest who had come to him; -.rhv. K^n w-'K^
so he took the poor man's lamb and prepared
it for the man who had come to him."
rvdVT} u;"'Kn rnn-]n ""s n'in''-"'n ]nj
5David flew into a rage against the man, and
D^nyniK d'û;"' ntf/nsn-riKi ^ :nKT
said to Nathan, "As the Lord lives, the man who
'7V1 nfn inin-nK ~nu;y nw^c nj^y
did this deserves to die! ^He shall pay for the
ni"'?!; inj nJ?f<'^r -.byin-vb û;^<;
lamb four times over, because he did such a
thing and showed no pity." Ând Nathan said '7K~iU7"' ""ribK nin"" -iDK"n3 wkh nriK
to David, "That man is you! Thus said the Lord, "DJKT '7K"iu;^-'7y ^rh "^Tinu/n 'djn
the God of was who anointed you
Israel: 'It I
-riN "T]'? mnNT" :'7mw iin ^'n'pyn
king over Israel and was who rescued you
it I
Ti-inK "•u-g-nK") '^'pv. IT'S
•î^Tin
from the hand of Saul. «I gave you your master's
-DKT n-iin'>T '^Kit?;"' n^BTiK "^^ njnKi
house and possession of your master's wives;
and I gave you the House of Israel and ludah; •K TTI"" v. I.
d-d iif. "comumei the tike ami the like."

NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 12.19
n-' n bKm\u D-'K'' nj
and if that were not enough, I would give you

twice as much more. 9Why then have you
ijî/n virr nwvh nin;' nn^-riK i n^m
flouted the command of the Lord and done
n-inn nân ^nnn r^^n^K nx "'^vv2.
what displeases Him? You have put Uriah the
Hittite to the sword; you took his wife and made
in'KT T[fKb ^^ riri[7^ inii/K-riKi
her your wife and had him killed by the sword

-iib nnviio -.^^y^v m n-in-i nyrxr\
of the Ammonites. lOTherefore the sword shall

never depart from your House —because you 'Jinn r['^;\}if. nu/k-nx nip_T\^ ^jjip
spurned Me by taking the wife of Uriah the Hit- -ipK nsii
I
D '.r^xifKb ^^ nvrih
tite and making her your wife.' uThus said the
•?in^5>P nyn -T^-^bv n-'p)? ^jjn r^\T[->
Lord: 'I will make a calamity rise against you
from within your own house; I will take your
^'yi.r' '^^^1 T'^'i^^ T^r^^ '^ni?^1
wives and give them to another man before your

:nK-TrT m^-n ^y^vb ^'tbrnv bî:;")
very eyes and he shall sleep with your wives un- htîfK -"JKi -inpn n-^^v nnx ^312
der this very sun. 12You acted in secret, but I 7131 '7K-itp^-'73 113 mn inin-riK
will make this happen in the sight of all Israel
and in broad daylight.'" D ri^n^h ^riKun \nybK iti -dgkî 13
i^David said to Nathan, "I stand guilty before

the Lord!" And Nathan replied to David, "The
l'Kr-'3 DDK 14 :m>3n K^ 3]riKun
Lord has remitted your sin; you shall not die.
]3rT nA ni.rr "inin r\\'r[-' ^n^'x-nx nykj
I'lHowever, since you have spurned "-the ene-
mies of-" the Lord by this deed, even the child
about to be born to you i^^rr-nx Tiyn-^ t[r'^ '\n^:rbK ]n3 ]'7j|t 15
shall die."
i5Nathan went home, and the Lord afflicted

the child that Uriah's wife had borne to David, "ii7|n ii7^ n''n'7xn-nx nn u;i?n;'ii6
and it became critically i6David entreated
ill. :rTy-ix 33^71 ]b'\ X3T niy \v\ ay^'î
God for the boy; David fasted, and he went in ])p 'Mfiynb vbv în^3 'jpr ij3j7^ti7
and spent the night lying^' on the ground. '^The
:Dn^ Dnx xn3-x'7i nnx Kb^ pxrr
senior servants of his household tried to induce
\K'v^ T^^n n?p=ji 'y''3\i7rT ni='3 'rr-'i is
him to get up from the ground; but he refused,
nor would he partake of food with them. isQn '3 "r^5^^
^P"'3 1^ TÂn'7 in I
nny
the seventh day the child died. David's servants v^x ij-]3'i •>n T^^n nvn3 n^n npx
were afraid to tell David that the child was dead; np vhK npx'j q-'x-i ij'7ip3 ypuz-xVi
for they said, "We spoke to him when the child in3i( '3 in xn=ii 19 : nvn nyjv^ I'^j^n
was alive and he wouldn't how can
listen to us; ^^)2i<^^ '^blT[ np ^3 in \'y>^ n-'U/n^np
we tell him that the child is dead? He might do
:np n?3x"î ^^b'>n nTpn T'i3y-'7X in
something terrible." i^when David saw his ser-
vants talking in whispers, David understood
that the child was dead; David asked his ser-
vants, "Is the child dead?" "Yes," they replied.
a-a The phrase intended

to avoid saying "spumed the Lord";
is
cf. note d-d at

Sam. 25.22.1
b SomeSeptuagintmss.and4QSatrf add "in sackcloth"; cf.l Kings

^
21.27.
NEvfiM 2 SAMUEL 12.20 a-- n '7Kinu; d-'n-'^j
20Thereupon David rose from the ground; he

bathed and anointed himself, and he changed innu/"") nini-n^n Kn;'i vnb)2\u ^nbr2w
He went into the House of the Lord
his clothes. Dn'7 i"? iwu/'ii hK\u'>^ "in"'3-'7K kn"")
and prostrated himself. Then he went home and
asked for food, which they set before him, and
he ate. -'His courtiers asked him, "Why have

you acted in this manner? While the child was
alive, you fasted and wept; but now that the
child is dead, you rise and take food!" --He re- 'jjn'i ^^2w yiv ""p 'n~!)?K ""3 hd^kt
plied, "While the child was still alive, I fasted
and wept because I thought: 'Who knows? The

Lord may have pity on me, and the child may
live.' --'But now that he is dead, why should I
fast? Can I bring him back again? I shall go to
him, but he will never come back to me."

2'iDavid consoled his wife Bathsheba; he went
nû/^vs :inriK mn^! riiibp i)3u;-nK
to her and lay with her. She bore a son and she n"'i"'T inw-HK Kip"! K-'n^n ]nj -i'>_^
named him Solomon. The Lord favored him,

-5and He sent a message through the prophet
Nathan; and he was named Jedidiah"^^ at the in-

la^'T x\}2V ^n nnin :ikv an^''i26
stance of the Lord.
nKl"" n'7\:;^'!2- tHDi'^Tan "i^ynx
2("'Joab attacked Rabbah of Ammon and cap-

rjDK nnv-] 2!< : n^Tpn "i^ynx "nip'p-DA
tured the royal city. 2"Joab sent messengers to
David and said, "I have attacked Rabbah and I
have already captured '"the water city.-*" 28Now

muster the rest of the troops and besiege the city
and capture it; otherwise I will capture the city "riN nj7''i 30 : np'?''! nn nV='i nnsi
myself, and my name will be connected with it." 133 n'pi^wm libK'n bvn *D3'7?p-n"iyv
29David mustered all the troops and marched
bb\u^ 111 wKi-'^v 'nJ^l nij^^ 13KT nnj
on Rabbah, and he attacked it and captured it.
Dvn-riKi?! :iK)p nnin K-iyin i-iyn

WThe crown was taken from the head of their
king.? and it was placed on David's head — it

"y-innT n~ji>33 du;';"! N-iyin ^3-"lU7^^;
weighed a talent of gold, and [on it]'' were pre- nniK T-nyrn '7n3n niT^nni bn^n
cious stones. He also carried off a vast amount
-na'yn" ]''yum ]-n->2r
of booty from the cit)'. ^'He led out the people
who lived there and set them to work with saws.
"
f I.e.. "Beloved of the Lord.
d Vv. 26-29 are abridged in I Chron. 20.1b.
e-e Meaning of Heb. uncertain; perhaps the source of the water
supply,
f Vv. }0-31 are found also in I Chron. 20.2-3.

g Heb. "malkam," perhaps equivalent to "Milconi. " the Ammonite
deity: cf. I Kings 11.5.
h So Targum and I Chron. 20.2.

NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 13.10 r n "^KITDU; D''K''nj
iron threshing boards, and iron axes, or as- -^n ny ^3^ nibv;] i^t ]ibr2:^ i^Vnn
signed them to brickmaking; David did this to
all the towns of Amnion. Then David and all
the troops returned to Jerusalem.
13 This happened sometime afterward:

Absalom son of David had a beautiful sister ]lj)pK nnnKîi npri rrpu/T hq^ niriK
named Tamar, and Amnon son of David be-
hiny;! nl^nnn'? pjnxb' "iy:|i 2 :
i)X]'^
came infatuated with her. 2Amnon was so dis-
•'pyin k'psî k-'H n'pinn '3 innx "ipn
traught because of his [half-]sister Tamar that
pjpK^Ts :nniKn nb nWijb ]lJpK
he became sick; for she was a virgin, and it
seemed impossible to Amnon to do anything

in -inK ni7n\^-i3 nnjv \-d\ij^ yn
to her. 3Amnon had a friend named Jonadab, VTin ^b "DpK'^l 4 : n'K)p DDtl U/^K niJiil
the son of David's brother Shimah; Jonadab was ^[733 ni7'33 ^T|^)3ri-[3 b"! n33 HflK
a very clever man. 4He asked him, "Why are you iTprrriK jiipK "i"? "I'pK^'i ^b i'>m Kl^n
so dejected, O prince, morning after morning? inK^ls :3nK ''IK •'HK Db'U73K niPlK
Tell me!" Amnon replied, "I am in love with
K31 '^nnni ^33\^n-'7V 33\^ niJin;' 1^7
Tamar, the sister of my brother Absalom!"

°KJ K'nri vbK rrijpKi "^nlK-i^ ':i"'3k
sjonadab said to him, "Lie down in your bed
and pretend you are sick. When your father
comes to see you, say to him, 'Let my sister Ta- 'jn^3K'i HKiK -iU7K \:jr2b nnnn-riK
mar come and give me something to eat. Let
her prepare the food in front of me, so that I
may look on, and let her serve it to me.'" -Kinn ^'^'7^ri-'7K ]iJ)3K "iTpk''"! lnK"i^
6Amnon lay down and pretended to be sick.
The king came to see him, and Amnon said to

-l)3n-'7K "t)T n'7U7^17 :n"i^p !^^.?^1
the king, "Let my sister Tamar come and pre-
^nK jlJpK JT'n KJ ^2b "i^Kb nrr'^n
pare a couple of cakes in front of me, and let
her bring them to me." ^David sent a message

n^n "ijpri "q^riis :nn3n ^b-1p:J^
to Tamar in the palace, "Please go to the house -riK np_n^ np'u; K^r^^^ n-'riK ]iJpK
of your brother Amnon and prepare some food T'ryb' :i'2.bn) ^\ubn) \u^bn^ p)i:^ri
for him." STamar went to the house of her -riK nj^ni^ tnlnn'pn-nK b'^:ln^
brother Amnon, who was in bed. She took '7lDK^ ]Kr2'>) VJQ^ p-îPi) ni.u;)3ri
dough and kneaded it into cakes in front of him,
and cooked the cakes. 9She took the "-pan and
set out [the cakes],-" but Amnon refused to eat
and ordered everyone to withdraw. After every-
one had withdrawn, lOAmnon said to Tamar,
a-ti Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
669
NEvi'iM 2 SAMUEL 13.10 r n bKM2VJ D-iK'-nj
"Bring the food inside and feed me." Tamar nnnKT iinn nnnrr î^^:ir[ i?pri"'7K
took the cakes she had made and brought them nu7K hin:2'?n-nK nnn njpni "qi^n
to her brother inside. I'But when she served
them to him, he caught hold of her and said to

n^p nxpkî nii-pTn'i"! '7bK'7 vbK mni '
her, "Come lie with me, sister." '-But she said
to him, "Don't, brother. Don't force me. Such

things are not done in Israel! Don't do such a
vile thing! '-'Where will I carry my shame? And : nwn n'7n3n-nK r[pvr\-bi<, "^Kntf/""^
you, you will be like any of the scoundrels in nriKi ""riQin-riK ^^'7lK hjk 'Jki '3
Israel! Please, speak to the king; he will not re-
fuse me to you." '-"But he would not listen to
her; he overpowered her and lay with her by vnpb

nmT2 pm'î n'7lpn n;iK k^t '4
force.
:nri'K n?!^""] mvi
'''Then Amnon felt a very great loathing for
^2 nxn n'7lij nxjt:; ]1j)3k nKJu;""! '?
her; indeed, his loathing for her was greater than
the passion he had felt for her. And Amnon
said to her, "Get out!" '^She pleaded with him,
"Please don't "commit this wrong; to send me

away would be even worse" than the first wrong
you committed against me." But he would not i-ivrriK Kip"! '^ : n"? }n2\LJb nnK Kb)
listen to her. '^He summoned his young at-
'^yn riKT-riK Krin'pu; "i5?k^"! irinu/n
tendant and said, "Get that woman out of my
tnnriK nbiri bv^^ nyinrr
presence, and bar the door behind her." — '^She n"''7VV**
was wearing an ornamented tunic,'' for maiden

^'7)3n-n'ijn ^]u;;ii'7n p'-is 'DQ nin?
princesses were customarily dressed "în such
garments.-*^ — His attendant took her outside npn npni '^ : nnriK nb-iji b};^^ yinn
and barred the door after her. ''^Tamar put dust '^\IjK D"'pQn njnDT nu/x-i-"?:/ iqk
on her head and rent the ornamented tunic she ':\bn} 7]\iJK'^-bvT\T] niun) nyip Ti^bi;
was wearing; she put her hands on her head,''

i)pK''Vo inpyn
Di'7u;nK n"''7K -\\bri
and walked away, screaming loudly as she went.
nnvT ""^m n^ri "^tik ]irpNn ri"'nK
20Her brother Absalom said to her, "Was it your
'rT'u;n-'7K Kin "q-inK ^""U^nnn 'ninjs:
brother Amnon^ who did this to you? For the
present, sister, keep quiet about it; he is your

brother. Don't brood over the matter." And Ta- vhuj i\i '^b^2'r[^ :i : rrriK ni'^wnK n^2
mar remained in her brother Absalom's house, :iK?2 1^7 in^'i nb^ri DnnTn-'^D nx
forlorn. îWhen King David heard about all V']'nb ]ijnK-Dy mb'u/nK -i^tk'?!"
this, he was greatly upsetJ-Âbsalom didn't ut-
ter a word to Amnon, good or bad; but Absalom
b See Gen. 37.3 and note.

c-c Meaning ofHfb. uncertain. Emendation yields "i thus I w olden
limei, " mc'olam.
d A gesture of wild grief; cf. fer. 2.37.
e Heb. "Aniinon."
f Septuagint adds "but he did not rebuke his son Amnon. for he
favored him, sime he was his first-bom": cf. I Kings /.ft.
670
" "
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 13.34 r n "7X1)31:7 'K-'Dj
hated Amnon because he had violated his sister ]lj)pK"nK bl'7\i7nK KJU7-^3 niu-ivi
Tamar. D : in'nK npn riK nkv nu/K nn'i-'^y
23Two years later, when Absalom was having b-'Tn i^n"! n^p^ winwh ^^'r\'>}2i
his flocks sheared at Baal-hazor near Ephraim,

anQK-nv niyx -iiyn bv^:i nl'7u;nK'?
Absalom invited all the king's sons. 24And Ab-
Kn^T24 -.^br^n ^):^'b2b nlû;nK Knp"!
salom came to the king and said, "Your servant
is having his flocks sheared. Would Your Maj- Krmn -DpKî '^biQ'n-bK h^b^j:lK
esty and your retinue accompany your ser- vinyi "q^Tan kj-ti^t "^pv"? nnn
vant?" 25But the king answered Absalom, "No, ni'7U7:nx-'7K "q^jan -ink'ps :';]pi7"DV
my son. We must not all come, or we'll be a bur- ^\^y T^pj iib) Mb3 \b:i Krbx ^'J3-'7K
den to you." He urged him, but he would not
go, and he said good-bye to him. 26Thereupon
IJriK KJ-q^T i<b) U^b^JIlK S)3K^T26
Absalom said, "In that case, let my brother
"H^? ^^b "q^m \b "1)3X^1 •'nx lijpx
Amnon come with us," to which the king re-
inx n'7u;''T Di'pu/nx i^'ynQ'i 27 : -^m
plied, "He shall not go with you." 27But Absa-
lom urged him, and he sent with him Amnon D '.'^br^ri 'Jn-'â nxT ]lipx-nx
and all the other princes.^ IX") inx"? piyrnx Dl'7u;nx "iy;"! 28
28Now Absalom gave his attendants these or- n3"''7x ""Jiinxi p^n ]ij)3X"=i'? Î'ius xf
ders: "Watch, and when Amnon is merry with ixn-'rrb'x inx nnpnT pjpx-nx lan
wine and I tell you to strike down Amnon, kill TTTi ipm nsnx 'rr'iY ''pjx '>2 K'\br\
him! Don't be afraid, for it is I who give you
h^b\LJ:iK nyj itî7='i29 :'7"'n-'jn^
the order. Act with determination, like brave
I m\^1^ Dib'U/nx my "lu/x? ]lJ)px^
men!" 29Absalom's attendants did to Amnon as
1'i")3-'7i; u/^x 113"!") "^^jan '')^~b^
Absalom had ordered; whereupon all the other
princes mounted their mules and fled. 30They ni7)3\i7rn î-ip nian ^'ri;'i3o :idj^t
were still on the road when a rumor reached -nx bl'7U7nx nsn iipx"? in""^^ "^^"^
David that Absalom had killed all the princes, D :inx nnp -inirx'pi "q^jan ^J3-'73
and that not one of them had survived. 3iAt this,
33U7î vn^n-nx ynp'i "q^jsn up^l^^^
David rent his garment and lay down on the
ci"'3YJ T'"Tnv-'7Di nY~!X
W"!?
ground, ''and all his courtiers stood by with
nypu;-]n nnji'' 1 ]V^î'- d :Q''7?3
their clothes rent.'' 32But Jonadab, the son of
"My must
nx ''j'Tx -i)3X'"'-'7x "inx'^T "in""'nx
David's brother Shimah, said, lord
young princes have been ]ljnx-'3 irTibn 'T|^HrT-'J3 any^n-'â

not think that all the
killed. Only Amnon is dead; for this has been nn'>n bl'7u;nx ^p-bv-'>^ np mb
'decided by' Absalom ever since his sister Ta- :lrinx "ipn nx imv hv-n niaw
mar was violated. 33So my lord the king must 13^-'7X "q^pn 'iix hiuybK nnvi 33
not think for a moment that all the princes are
-*nK-"'3 ^np •q'ppri ^n~b:2 "ibx"? iit
dead; Amnon alone is dead."
Q :np m"? pjpx
34Meanwhile Absalom had fled.
nlû/nx n"in''i34
The watchman on duty looked up and saw
i^lh T'^"'V iJ^yrix nQYn ny^n xii^^'i
g Septiiagint adds "and Absalom made a feast fit for a king."

h-h Septuagint reads "and all his courtiers who were standing by
him rent their clothes.
671 i-i Lit. "determined by the command of
NEvi'iM 2 SAMUEL 13.34 V a '7KinU; D-'K-'nJ
a large crowd coming 'from the road to his lyp innK •q-i.'ip n^^b'n ni-ay n^m
rear,-' from the side of the hill. -'^Jonadab said
to the king, "See, the princes have come! It is
just as your servant said." ^'Âs he finished

''!]b'}3n-',n mm iîb in'"??? i
^>r^•>^J(^
speaking, the princes came in and broke into

-b:^) \\b'k'n-u^'] isn""! b'lp mu/î inii
weeping; and David and all his courtiers wept
bitterly, too.
37Absalom had fled, and he came to Talmai -]5 'n'7n-'7K Tj^""! nnn l'7u;nNi37
son of Ammihud, king of Geshur. And [King
David] mourned over his son a long time. -^Âb-
salom, who had tied to Geshur, remained there ni "^Dni "^ : u^w \ijb\u n^j-^^^''^ mm
three years. ^'Ând '^King David*^ was pining
away for Absalom, for [the king] had gotten

over Amnon's death.
14 loab son of Zeruiah could see that the T'

king's mind was on Absalom; -so Joab sent to nvlpn bKlT n'û/^'V :u'\buJ:iK-b:j
Tekoa and brought a clever woman from there.
rf'pK "iKJK')'! npDD n\i7K nm nj?"!
He said to her, "Pretend you are in mourning;
-^KT '7nK-''7n KJ-iu;:?^"! KJ-'''7:;iNrin
put on mourning clothes and don't anoint
wi"! n'^'ni HT n\i^K3 n'^'^n) ]nu; 'Dion
yourself with oil; and act like a woman who has
q'7?3n-'7K hKnv^ :rip-'7y n'pnKnp
grieved a long time over a departed one. ^Go
to the king and say to him thus and thus." And nxv nm n^n nn^s vbK r\•^2-^^
Joab told her what to say." inipii Dnnin-nx

4The woman of Tekoa came'' to the king, q^)3n-'7K h-ivprin n\i^Kri *-inKnf-i
flung herself face down to the ground, and pros- ^^)2i<n^ ^nniyni hy^k r[^î<,-bv b'^n)
trated herself. She cried out, "Help, O king!"
T|'7)3n n'7-"inK='i ^ d : "^bizri nyu;in
5The king asked her, "What troubles you?" And
"JK njn'7K-n\i7K b:iK iJpKni "^V'nn
she answered, "Alas, I am a widow, my husband
is dead. ^Your maidservant had two sons. The
two of them came to blows out in the fields
where there was no one to stop them, and one °mnv :lri"K nn"^"! iriKn-riK iriKn
of them struck the other and killed him. ^Then npK""! 'T]nn3u;-'7V nn^pipn-b^ nnj7
the whole clan confronted your maidservant U7DJ3 inn?3JT vhK r[:2i2-ni< i ""jn
and said, 'Hand over the one who killed his

wni^n-riK dj m-'nu/jT nn iu;k vnt<
brother, that we may put him to death for the
Konr -\nn nc-ua
j-j Emendation yicldi "down llw slope o) tin- iioromwn road. The
watchman came and told the king 7 see men coming from the
Horonaim road." Cf. Septiiagint.
k-k Some Septiiagint ma. and 4QSam' read "the spirit |ruah| of
the king.
"
a Lit. "and he put words into her mouth.
b So many msi. and printed editions. Moil msi. and printed
editions read "said.
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 14.17 T n ^7X1)31:7 Q^'K-'IJ
slaying of his brother, f-even though we wipe

out the heir. '-^ Thus they would quench the last
ember remaining to me, and leave my husband

without name or remnant upon the earth." ^The
king said to the woman, "Go home. I will issue
q'7)3n-'7K n-'Vip^n r\WKT\ n)3x.ni9
an order in your behalf." Ând the woman of
Tekoa said to the king, "My lord king, may the
guilt be on me and on my ancestral house; Your q^Tan njpK';''! lo d : ""pj iKppi "n^nrTi
Majesty and his throne are guiltless." lOThe king c]"'p"'-k'pi -'bK inKnrri ^-^bK nnipn
said, "If anyone says anything more to you, have q^jarr Kr-i3r n)3Km_ n :"q|i nv^b liy
him brought to me, and he will never trouble '7KA n|"in)3 n^ninn "^"'nb'K mn^-riK
you again." 'She ' replied, "Let Your Majesty be
nnKÎ ^y^rnK n^pu/^ Kb^ nnu/Vb^n
mindful of the Lord your God and restrain the
: nîK qjn nnywTp ':''3:'"dk nin:'-''n
blood avenger bent on destruction, so that my
^ririQu; xr-inin n\FKn n^pkri"! i^
son may not be killed." And he said, "As the
Lord lives, not a hair of your son shall fall to
the ground." nkT3 nnnu/n r\'nb^ hifkh nnkriT i?
i2Then the woman said, "Please let your mn "in^n "î^r} niîpi w^rib^ ny-by
maidservant say another word to my lord the :in^rnK '^r^'n n^'U/n ^v\b-±p n\i;K3
king." "Speak on," said the king. iÂnd the
ny"!K DnA^n b^jaDT mnj ni?p-'3 14
woman said, "Why then have you planned the

t:7Dj b''rT'7K Kti7:'-k'7i ispK;" iib iu/k
like against God's people? In making this pro-
:n^j ^m^n ny, ^rh-ib nl3\f;np nu/ni
nouncement, Your Majesty condemns himself
in that Your Majesty does not bring back his
own banished one. i^We must all die; we are nyn "îkv,, 's n-rrr -inin-riK ^jik
like water that is poured out on the ground and 'q^)3n-'7K KrnnniK ^"qririQu; "upkni
cannot be gathered up. ''God will not take away '3 16 :iri)pK "in^-riK i]^)3rT ntz/y;! -h^K
the life of one who makes plans so that no one c]3p inTpK-riK '7-'yrT^ "^^m vmj^,
may be kept banished.'^ iSAnd the reason I have
come to say these things to the king, my lord,
^nnou; hnknTi^ :D''riVK nVn^p
is that the people have frightened me. Your
maidservant thought I would speak to Your
nnijp^ ^l^jsn ^™-"i3t Krn^n;'
Majesty; perhaps Your Majesty would act on his ^•q^KJn "inK ]3 D-'n'7KrT T|K^)33 I ""S
handmaid's plea. i^For Your Majesty would

surely agree to deliver his handmaid from the
hands of anyone [who would seek to] cut off
both me and my son from the heritage^ of God.

i^Your maidservant thought, 'Let the word of
my lord the king provide comfort; for my lord
c-c Emendation yields "Thus they would destroy the [last] heir
and..."
d-d Meaning ofHeb. uncertain. The apparent sense is: God will
not punish you for bringing back the banished Absalom,
e I.e., people.
673
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 14.17 T- 3 '7KiaU/ D-'K''n3
the king is like an angel of God, understanding

everything, good and bad.' May the Lord your •qjiK bi(MJ 'DJK "WK -yyi ^^myi "•iriDn
God be with you."
'«In reply, the king said to the woman, "Do
-^Dn ^riK I^V Tin "n'?'3n -|)3K'1T i"^
not withhold fromme anything ask you!" The I
woman answered, "Let my lord the king speak."

'^The king asked, "Is loab in league with you
in all this?" The woman replied, "As you live,
my lord the king, /it is just as my lord the king •^nnsi:; •'Q3 utJ K^rn 'JIY i^^r[ ^kt"
says. -/Yes, your servant Joab was the one who b^p "nnvn'p :" : n'pKn nnnin-'?:) jik
instructed me, and it was he who i'told your 1KV T|i:ii7 nu;y nn^rr ""JBTik
maidservant everything she was to say. .s ôjt was
to conceal the real purpose of the matter that
"i\z;K-'73-nK nvi'p D"'n'7Nri tjk^)?
your servant Joab did this thing. My lord is as
knows
D : pKn
wise as an angel of God, and he all that
goes on in the land."

-'Then the king said to Joab, "I will do this -riK nu/n t|'71 nTn in-rn-nK "•rr'wv
thing. Go and bring back my boy Absalom."

-2Joab flung himself face down on the ground T|'7)3n-nK Tiin-'i inni^"! ny-iK tijq
and prostrated himself. Joab blessed the king "'nK^)p-'3 "q^nv VT D'i''n ikv "ink'''!
and said, "Today your servant knows that he has

found favor with you, my lord king, for Your
Majesty has granted his servant's request."
D :D'7u;n"' Dl'7u;nK-nK Knî nniu/A
23And Joab went at once to Geshur and brought
Absalom to Jerusalem. ^^But the king said, "Let
kb ijQT iri"'5"':'K no;' ^^"p^n -ink"! 24
him go directly to his house and not present

himself to me." So Absalom went directly to his D iHK") kb Ti'pKjn
house and did not present himself to the king. -b:ii HQ^-w^K mn-k"? nl'7u;nKDi^^
-5No one in all Israel was so admired for his
iipii? lyil'^n q3a nxn bbr^b '^Nntf;-'
beauty as Absalom; from the sole of his foot to
WkTriK in|7jnT> :mn in n^n-kb
the crown of his head he was without blemish.
n^p nu7K u-^ryh Vipn n^nf
26When he cut his hair — he had to have it cut
\
w^rî
every year, for it grew too heavy for him — the -ivu;-nK b-p.^-] ^nb}^ vbv 133-^3
hair of his head weighed two hundred shekels
by the royal weight. -~Absalom had three sons n3T D-'jn TWp'hw n'\bvj:ii<h r^bv^-~
and a daughter whose name was Tamar; she was npT n\i;K nn^n n^h inn 7\ri^^ nriN
a beautiful woman.
^''Absalom lived in Jerusalem two years with- D'')3T w>ny\u D'7U7ni3 di'7u;3k ^2\u'^^ -«
out appearing before the king. -'Then Absalom
/-/ Lit. "there ii no (iirmiij; lo tin- riglil or to the left afwhiit my

"
lord the king uiys.
g-g See note a above.

NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 15.6 iu n bi<.M^\U n-'K-'iJ
sent for Joab, in order to send him to the king; i<b^ "îbi^ri-bK in'K hbpb nkl"'-'7K
but Joab would not come to him. He sent for Kb) n'>!i\u hly n'pu/î vbK Kinb' nnK
him a second time, but he would not come. 30So
[Absalom] said to his servants, "Look, Joab's
13^ w-iviu nuj-'\b'[ ^''lybK nKl*" np^n
field is next to mine, and he has barley there.
nny ^niî) u^xn rnrr's^ni n^nyim
Go and set it on fire." And Absalom's servants
set the field on fire. 3 1 Joab came at once to Ab- ni7=;"!3i Q :u;K;ini7^nn-nKDlÛ7nK
salom's house and said to him, "Why did your

servants set fire to my field?" 32Absalom replied n\?bnr[-ni<. Tiini; iir's^n nypb vbK
to Joab, "I sent for you to come here; I wanted -bK nlÛ^nX "l)pK''T32 :U;Kn """p—IU7K
to send you to the king to say [on my behalf]: Kii "ii^Kb I 'T]'''7K ''nnbuj mn nxl''
'Why did I leave Geshur? I would be better off
i)bK'7 q^)3ri-'7K ^-^riK nn'pu/K'i nan
if I were still there. Now let me appear before
njp-'JK iv ^b niu '\Wm ^^nî nipb
the king; and if I am guilty of anything, let him
put me to death!'" 33joab went to the king and
reported to him; whereupon he summoned Ab- i'^"i^!'y'n^'?n-'7K nKi^ knî 33 : 'jnpnT
salom. He came to the king and flung himself
face down to the ground before the king. And
the king kissed Absalom.
15 Sometime afterward, Absalom provided It:)

himself with a chariot, horses, and fifty
outrunners. Âbsalom used to rise early and lybv I'hv) Dl'7U7nK b"'3\^rTi 2 -.
v:^b
stand by the road to the city gates; and whenever
a man had a case that was to come before the
king for judgment, Absalom would call out to
him, "What town are you from?" And when he
answered, "Your servant is from ''-such and :"?]pV '7K"it7T"'pnu; nriK?? "i)pK'î
such a tribe-'' in Israel," -Âbsalom would say to

him, "It is clear that your claim is right and just,
but there is no one assigned to you by the king
to hear it." 4And Absalom went on, "If only I
were appointed judge in the land and everyone

\:;"'K"n-ip2i n^ms n-inp^yni vppm
with a legal dispute came before me, I would
see that he got his rights." 5And if a man ap-
proached to bow to him, [Absalom] would ex- n-Tn nni3 i'7U7nK u/yî^ -Ab pm
tend his hand and take hold of him and kiss -bK v^pi^b iK'n^ni^K bk-y{u^-b:2b
him. Âbsalom did this to every Israelite who

came to the king for judgment. Thus Absalom 3 : bK'^\^''
won away the hearts of the men of Israel.
a-(i Lit. "one of the tribes.'
675
vi'iM 2 SAMUEL 15.7 iu n'^Kinu; ^K-'nj
''After a period of forty'' years had gone by,
Absalom said to the king, "Let me go to Hebron

and fulfill a vow that I made to the Lord. ^For :]l-!nn2i mn""^ •n-iir-iu/K nirriK
your servant made a vow when I lived in Geshur
D-1K3 "iîpin •'nnii/B "ii^nv TiJ "TTj-'a
of Aram: If the Lord ever brings me back to Je-
rusalem, 1 will worship the Lord."' ''The king

said to him, "Go in peace"; and so he set out
for Hebron.
"^But Absalom sent agents to all the tribes of Q : mi-inn
Israel to say, "When you hear the blast of the
horn, announce that Absalom has become king "lEJwn 'îpTiK bDy)p\f;3 n?pK'7 birw-^
in Hebron." "Two hundred men of Jerusalem
accompanied Absalom; they were invited and
went in good faith, suspecting nothing. i2Ab-
i<b^ Jpn'? '3'?'ni d^k"!!? Q.'?wtt'?p
salom also ''sent [to fetch]'' Ahithophel the
Gilonite, David's counselor, from his town, -riK Dl'^mK n'7u;''Ti2 nn^-b'D lyT
Giloh, when the sacrifices were to be offered. 7i%-n rvvri lii \vv 'ii'7"'an '7Qn-'nK
The conspiracy gained strength, and the people y?3K nu7i?n 'n-'i D-innTn-riK inni^
supported Absalom in increasing numbers. :ni'7U7:;x-nK n")") "^'7ln aym
' -^Someone came and told David, "The loyalty
-lb Ti'^T} inx"? m.^'^^K ^^''mr\ K'nî 13
of the men of Israel has veered toward Absa-

lom." '^Whereupon David said to all the court-
bû;n''n InKnu/K i^rny-'^D'? "ni
iers who were with him in Jerusalem, "Let us
flee at once, or none of us will escape from Ab-
ny'?? ij^-n;|rTri-K'7 ""a nninjT imp
salom. We must get away quickly, or he will
soon overtake us and bring down disaster upon nsrri nynn-riK ^rhv rc'ini iJiU/rri
us and put the city to the sword." '^The king's
courtiers said to the king, "Whatever our lord

the king decides, your servants are ready." '^So
the king left, followed by his entire household,

Dû/j "itz;y riK "qîan Iry;'"! vby\2.
except for ten concubines whom the king left
:n"'3ri "itwb u-'Vjyb^
to mind the palace.
'^The king left, followed by ''all the people,'' n^DVi vbrxi uvr^-b:^^ t^'^^dh ky^t i-
-7:7 Dnn'y Piny-'^DT i^ iprnran n^2.

and they stopped at /the last house. /'**A11 .^his
followers.? marched past him, including all the D"'riiri-'73i •'ri'73n-'73T Tn.Dn-'^DT n^
Cherethites and all the Pelethites; and*" all the
Gittites, six hundred men who had accompa-
"
b Some Septuagint mss. and Syriac read "four.
"
f Some Septuagint mss. add "in Hebron.
d-d Some Septuagint mss. and 4QSam' rend ".««» and
summoned.
f-e Septuagint reads "his courtiers."
j-f Meaning of Heb. uncertain.

"
g-g Septuagint reads "the people.
"
h Emendation yields "and Ittai and.
676
"
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 15.29 lu n '7K1?3\:7 n^K^nj
nied him from Gath, also marched by the king. 'qV:^n "inK='ii9 -.r^y^-n ^}r^-bv nnnV
i9And the king said to Ittai the Gittite, "Why ijnK nnK-D^ T|'7n nr^b ^mry 'rii<"'7K
should you too go with us? Go back and stay
with the [new] king, for you are a foreigner and

you are also an exile from' your country. 20You
came only yesterday; should I make you wander

^JKi n-^^b \mv ^y'lJK -jyijK ni^m
about with us today, when I myself must go
nu/rii iw 'T^\T\ •'JK-iu/K bv q'^ln
wherever I can? Go back, and take your kins- ^^^ IV.'ll-i :nnKi ion ii^pv "qrnK'nK
men with you, [in]itrue faithfulness." 2ilttai re-
plied to the king, "As the Lord lives and as my

lord the king lives, wherever my lord the king -13 n^n^-DK niw^-DK q'?)3ri 'Itk
may be, there your servant will be, whether for
'nK-'7K "FIT 1)3^^122 :'?ipv n-inT nu;
death or for life!" 22And David said to Ittai,
"Then march by." And Ittai the Gittite and all

:lriK nu/K iqurT-'73T
his men and all the children who were with him
marched by. Di7n-'73i b\% '7ip' b^3l3 y-iKn-'73'i 23
23The whole countr\'side wept aloud as the -"731 ]l-np '7m3 nn'v "q^Jsrn nnn'y
troops marched by. The king '^crossed the Ki- n3"|)3rT-nK 'q-ii-^;?3"'7V Q^^=iV nyri
dron Valley, and all the troops crossed by the inK D;'.i^rT-'73i pli^'QA n|m24
road to-'^ the wilderness. 247hen Zadok ap-
peared, with all the Levites carrying the Ark of
D'n-iy nnpK bv'>^ u^fibi<.r) ]nK-nK
the Covenant of God; and they set down the Ark
n)3K'î25 :-|ii;rT-]?p niny'p vn-'73
of God until all the people had finished march-
ing out of the city. /-Abiathar also came up.-/
25But the king said to Zadok, "Take the Ark of ij3u;ni nin^ ^J^yn ]n kyipx-dk n^yn
God back to the city. If I find favor with the npK"' n3 DKi 26 : inirriK") ln'K "'Jkihi
Lord, He will bring me back and let me see it
and its abode. 26And if He should say, T do not pny-'^K •q'p^ri nnx"! 27 d '.vpv:i
want you,' I am ready; let Him do with me as
alÛ73 '\-'V'Q n3U7 nriK nNl"in jnsn
He pleases." 27And the king said to the priest
"ju; -in^3N"]3 injln"""! '^J3 yyn-'nKT
Zadok, '-"Do you understand? You return-' to
the safetv' of the city with your two sons, your
nnrT)pn?p ^3'jk 1K-12S :D3n]< n^^p
own son Ahimaaz and Abiathar's son Jonathan. 13"] Ki3 nv ~i3l73n ni3-!i73 mnnvn
2«Look, I shall linger in the steppes of the wil- -inpKT pliy 3U/î 29 :
1^7 tah'? 3?2y)a
derness until word comes from you to inform : Du; ^'2.û'>^ 'pipn-' n^rf'^Kri piK-riK
me." 29Zadok and Abiathar brought the Ark of
"impnn" nnK nom v. 19.
God back to Jerusalem, and they stayed there.
Knj? i<h^ aTi3 v. 21.
! So one Heb. ms. and several ancient versions; most mss. and
editions read "to.
j Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Septuagint reads "and may the Lord

show you" (cf., e.g., 2.6).
k-k Meaning ofHeb. uncertain. Emendation yields "stopped in the
Kidron Valley, while all the people marched on before him by
way of the Mount of Olives to..."
l-l Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields "Look, you and
677 Abiathar return."
vi'iM 2 SAMUEL 15.30 iu n '7K1?3\:; n^K-'nj
-^('David meanwhile went up the slope of the I rhy n-'rT'-Tn n'7i;nn nVv "rnvô
[Mount of] Olives, weeping as he went; his head ^w '^T[ Kini ""iDfi \b iz/N-ii niim
was covered and he walked barefoot. And all the 1u;k-i u/'ik lEjn inK-iu/K Di7rT-'7D"i
people who were with him covered their heads
and wept as they went up. 3'David [was] told
ink"! Di'û/nK-ny nnu/pî '7Q"n"'nK
that Ahithophcl was among the conspirators
with Absalom, and he prayed, "Please, O Lord, : nin*' ^QTT'nK nyy-riK KrVsp lii
frustrate Ahithophel's counsel!" ninnu;^—iu;k \:;Kin—:v xn ni 'n*'"! 32
32\vhen David reached the top, where people "U/in iriKip"? mm w^ribifb u\u
would prostrate themselves to God, Hushai the : lu/Ni-b'v nmKT lnjri3 vr\p^ ""BiKn
Archite was there to meet him, with his robe n^rri ""nK niny dk iii 'b -inK='"!33
torn and with earth on his head. -^-'David said
pcxnK) iwr\ "Tiyn-DK") 34 : Ktirn"? -^bv
to him, "If you march on with me, you will be
iny T[^r}K 'q'?)3n "'jk ^-îny Dl'7\z;nK'7
a burden to me. ^^But if you go back to the city
and say to Absalom, 'I will be your servant, O

king; I was your father's servant formerly, and Klb^m 35 : "^DhinK nvv hk •'^ nniDni
now I will be yours,' then you can nullify Ahi-
thophel's counsel for me. -^^You will have the il'pTan n''5» V)3u;n iwk -in-]n-'73
priests Zadok and Abiathar there, and you can n^n 36 : D"'jn3n inpK'î pii^'? "fiiJi
report everything that you hear in the king's pal-

piiy"? vy)3"'nK nryjn ^w n^py d\^
ace to the priests Zadok and Abiathar. -^Âlso,
^K bi^n Dnnû;T ~>l???^'^ l^^'''^"'")
their two sons are there with them, Zadok's
w^n K"nî37 -Avmjr^ iu/k "i:?!"':'?
son Ahimaaz and Abiathar's son Jonathan; and
through them you can report to me everything :D'7u;n-' K'n-" nû/nKT i^yn m ny-i
you hear." -''And so Hushai, the friend of Da-

vid, reached the city as Absalom was entering
Jerusalem.
16 David had passed a little beyond the mm WKinp uyp iny liiT I wJ
summit when Ziba the servant of Mephi-
bosheth came toward him with a pair of saddled
nnb n^riKn nrf'^yi nîi^nn annn
asses carrying two hundred loaves of bread, one
hundred cakes of raisin, one hundred cakes of
^^^ n^K-njp Kn'iy-'^K "^^Jan i^k';'"!-
figs," and a jar of wine. -The king asked Ziba,
"What are you doing with these?" Ziba an-
swered, "The asses are for Your Majesty's family 'riDNb' yi?m unbm Dn'7n'7T 'i^•^b
to ride on, the bread and figs are for the atten- : 121735 qy^n mnu;'7 j-'^'ni nny^n
dants to cat, and the wine is to be drunk by any ipK''T ^"'liK-j^ n;'Ki "^r^r^ inK''i 3
who are exhausted in the wilderness." 3"And

where is your master's son?" the kingasked. "He
a Lit. "iiimmcr fnnl.
678
" "
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 16.14 TO :2'7K1)3U7 ti-'X''aj
is staying in Jerusalem," Ziba replied to the king, '3 Dû;n"'n nu/'i'' nan ii^Tan-'?^ Ki""!:
"for he thinks that the House of Israel will now riK hk'^p1 n^n '^b nû/^ uvn -i)?k
give him back the throne of his grandfather."
4The king said to Ziba, "Then all that belongs
to Mephibosheth is now yours!" And Ziba re-
plied, "I bow low. Your Majesty is most gracious

to me."
5As King David was approaching Bahurim, a
member of Saul's clan — a man named Shimei \t2P'\ b^k\LJ-n'>'ii nn3u;)3)3 K^kv \ijik
son of Gera —came out from there, hurling in- b[^.^''^ 6 : bb\?m kIy^ k^'-i Knr]n •>v)2\lj
sults as he came. ^He threw stones at David and

all King David's courtiers, while all the troops
lj"'p'')p Dnnan-'73i byrT-'7D"i tvi
and all the warriors were at his right and his left.
7And these are the insults that Shimei hurled:
"Get out, get out, you criminal, you villain! ^The
Lord is paying you back for all your crimes
against the family of Saul, whose throne you -riK nin;' ]n^T vnnri innn n^^Jp
seized. The Lord is handing over the throne to ^nvnn ^TjirT"! "^n ni'pu/nK Tin n3i'7)3n
your son Absalom; you are in trouble because :nriK w^m \lj''k '.3
you are a criminal!"
Âbishai son of Zeruiah said to the king, "Why

-riK nfrr h)an n^pan bb\?'> riipb
let that dead dog abuse my lord the king? Let
-riK nn^pKi Krnnni/K '^b't^n •'j'ik
me go over and cut off his head!" lOBut the king
said, ''-"What has this to do with you,'' you sons

•'^-nn "^biQri "ijpK'ii 10 D : wk'^
of Zeruiah? He is abusing [me] only because the
Lord told him to abuse David; and who is to VT1?P nnK"' 'pT Ti"l"nK '7'7J7
1^7 "IKJK
say, 'Why did You do that?'" HDavid said fur- -'7K m.T n?3K''1ii D :]3 nrT't^v
ther to Abishai and all the courtiers, "If my son, nu7K ^n mn T'"]ni;-'73-'7K") ^'U7"'nK
my own issue, seeks to kill me, how much more
the Benjaminite! Let him go on hurling abuse,
"a ^î?"")
l'7 imn 'ii''n;'ri-]3 nriy
for the Lord has told him to. isperhaps the
jiyn ny[i hk")"' ^bM<. 12 : nrn^ i^'îp^^
Lord will look upon my punishment^ and rec-
ompense me for the abuse [Shimei] has uttered
nnn nilu ^^b np"' n-'u/m ^pv"^
today." i^David and his men continued on their vmK'] ni'i "q^^'V^ :n;TrT ni=;ri in^î?
way, while Shimei walked alongside on the slope "inn y^yn "^b'n "'Vpu/l n "iin"!?
of the hill, insulting him as he walked, and b-inKIl "7170^1 '7^|7^T ''î'7rT '\hT2vb
throwing stones at him and flinging dirt. i4The
"^br^ri K'nî 14 q 'iruay^
:"iQV5 "^r'Vl
king and all who accompanied him arrived*^ ex-
hausted, and he rested there.
b-b Lit. "Wiat have I and you."

c So kethib; qere "eye. " Ancient versions read "suffering,.
d Some Septuagint mss. add "at the Jordan.
679
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 16.15 TU n'7Kinw D^KUj
'•''Meanwhile Absalom and all the people, the IKS hk•^\L7•< ^zz-'K byn-bpT Dl'7\^nKT '5
men of Israel, arrived in Jerusalem, together -nu;K3 ^f[->] ih : inj< '7Dn"'nK"! nbmy
with Ahithophel. '^When Hushai the Archite,
Di'pwnN-'^K 111 ny-). ""DiKn "^pMi k^
Dasad's friend, came before Absalom, Hushai
•'rr' "nVwrr 'rr' ti'îj/nK-'^K îîn "idk""!
said to Absalom, "Long live the king! Long live
'"
HT "'U/^n-'^K bi'7u;nK inK"") •'^^rpri
the king!" '"But Absalom said to Hushai, "Is this
-riK n^^'n-N'r utpb "^vitik "^lon
your ioyaltv' to your friend? Why didn't you go
wnth your friend?" "^"Not at all!" Hushai re-
am for the one whom the Lord and this

plied. "I u;"'i<"'7Di HTn Dvrn nrn'' inn ~iu;k
people and all the men of Israel have chosen, :3U/K inxi HMK "ib nb bîv;-^
and will stay with him. ''^Furthermore, whom
I
'>2^b Ni'^n inyK ""jk '•r^h nwrn '^
should I serve, if not David's'' son? As I was in
your father's service, so I will be in yours."

20Absalom then said to Ahithophel, "What do
inn bQ'n^nK-'^K Dl'7u;nK inK^vo
you advise us to do?" -'And Ahithophel said to
Absalom, "Have intercourse with your father's

"'7Dn"'nK "i)aK';'T :i : nU/yrni? n:yi; U2b
concubines, whom he left to mind the palace; nu7^f ?i"'nK •>mb$-bi<, xin d'û/nN-'^K
and when all Israel hears that you have dared ''^K-iU;"'-'?^ yau;") JT'nn ilD\^^ n-'iin
the wrath of your father, all who support you iu;k-'73 -^y ^pm^ ?]"'3]<-nK nu/Nnj-ia
will be encouraged." --So they pitched a tent for y^ri'bv brii<.r[ Dl'û/nx'? iu^v^ :^ni<
Absalom on the roof, and Absalom lay with his
father's concubines 'with the full knowledge-/

of all Israel. — --În those days, the advice which
Vv^ "^P^ btih^nii n^VT-^ ^kiu/t'??
Ahithophel gave was accepted like an oracle
"inin [*uj''i<,-]bi<.\iJ-> ~i\^k3 nnn Dijp^n
sought from God; that is how all the advice of in^D^ '^QHTiK nyi;"'?3 1?. Q'T^'^^n
Ahithophel was esteemed both by David and by D :D'7U;3f<'7 DA
Absalom.
17 And Ahithophel said to Absalom, "Let

me pick twelve thousand men and set out to- lyK c]bK -i\i;vD"'Ju; Ki ninnN
night in pursuit of David. 21 will come upon him ^^""'^•^^^ HDiiKi nnvi<l
^)'''^Li
when he is weary and disheartened, and I will
u'<ii na-)i Vp Kirri vb]j k13kv
throw him into a panic; and when all the troops
iriN-iu/K Dyn-'73 d31 lnK Trnnrn
with him tlee, I will kill the king alone. 'And
-b2 nn-iu/KT ' nin'? "îbypri-nK "'rr'sm
I will bring back all the people "to you; when
all have come back [except] the man you are nriK "lU/K vj^KU b'^Ti 2W2 "îbK nyrr
after," all the people will be at peace." ''The ad- -iu;-"'1 1 :u^b^; n^n-' Dvn-'rD u/pan
vice pleased Absalom and all the elders of Israel.
e Hcb. 'his."
3TI3 kVi xnp > J'.
f-f Lit. 'before the eyes.
a-a MeaningofHeb. uncertain, bepluaginl rcitiii " to you iis ii hrule

comes back to her husband: yvu seek the life of but one man,
.
and. .
680
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 17.15 T'' n '7K1?3U; D-^K^nj
5But Absalom said, "Summon Hushai the
Archite as well, so we can hear what he too has

to say." ^Hushai came to Absalom, and Absalom
said to him, "This is what Ahithophel has ad-
vised. Shall we follow his advice? If not, what
do you say?"
^Hushai said to Absalom, "This time the ad-

vice that Ahithophel has given is not good. ^You
know," Hushai continued, "that your father
and his men are courageous fighters, and they ^^nK-fiK nvi] nriK w^n "inK^'Ts
are as desperate as a bear in the wild robbed of ^]ij^h n.)3T n)3n nnn^ •'3 vif/JK-riKi
her whelps. Your father is an experienced sol-
]ij^^ T^î n"[.ti75 b^2\u ni3 n)3n
dier, and he will not spend the night with the
troops; 9even now he must be hiding in one
of the pits or in some other place. And if any of
them^ fall at the first attack, whoever hears of n^nrin hri^ b'^}3 n^ni n>pip?3ri
it will say, 'A disaster has struck the troops that nyn rihm nn^n i)2K"i Vpi^^n ypu/i
follow Absalom'; i"and even if he is a brave man
with the heart of a lion, he will be shaken — for vy'^'2 D)3i DJarr tt^'^k'ti ^.b^ Is^ n\^x
all Israel knows that your father and the soldiers
with him are courageous fighters. ^So I advise
^3"
T'^V n^^^ nO>^^^ ""^VV^ :'iJ^>^
that all Israel from Dan to Beer-sheba — as nu-
merous as the sands of the sea —be called up
^71113 ynii; "iK3-nvi n^ '^><1tz;"'-'73
to join you, and that you yourselt march '-into

: nnpn ^3Vn '^^'l^^ :iib uiri-bv-^\uK
battle.-'" i-When we come upon him in whatever n)3lp?3rT inK3 nnxn vbi<> ^jk3î2
place he may be, we'll descend on him [as thick] b'^-i -iu;k3 vbv ijmi u\u kytdj nwK
as dew falling on the ground; and no one will -'7331 13 -inlrK'7'] nmKn-'7i7 b\ori
survive, neither he nor any of the men with him. -DK113 iinx-Q^ inK-"iu/K mu/jKn
i3And if he withdraws into a city, all Israel will
-bK bK'yiu^-b^ i^^t^^ni tqcK-". "i^V"'^^^
bring ropes to that city and drag 'îts stones-'^
-IV in'K iJ3nD"! o^'73n K^nn T'vn
as far as the riverbed, until not even a pebble
-DA u\p KyurK'^-iwK IV bmri
of it is left." i4Absalom and aU Israel agreed that
the advice of Hushai the Archite was better than
u;''K-'73"i bl'7\f;3K n^pK"! 14 q ni-iy
that of Ahithophel. — The Lord had decreed nyyn ^^li^ri W'wi nyy nilu bk'^\^^
that Ahithophel's sound advice be nullified, in nyy-riK -iDn'p m:y mn-'i b'Sh^riK
order that the Lord might bring ruin upon mn"' K"'3rT "ii3y3^ niiun ^'^s'fr'nK
Absalom. D :ny-in-nK niîp3K-'7K
i^Then Hushai told the priests Zadok and
hnpK-'7K') pn^-'^K û/in "upK^T 15
Abiathar, "This is what Ahithophel advised Ab-

''73n''nK yvi riK't3"i nkis "'insn
salom and the elders of Israel; this is what I ad-
b Some Septuagint mss. read "the troops" (i.e., Absalom's),

c-c Ancient versions read "among them."
d-d Heb. "it."
681
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 17.15 n'^KinU; D^K^2J
vised. '^Now send at once and tell David, 'Do

not spend the night at the fords of the wilder- °rT]n'n ^nb\LJ r^nv^ i^ : ^^k •'nyy^ nKTDi
ness, but cross over at once; otherwise the king
and all the troops with him will be annihilated.'"

]3 linvn nnv mi "linran ninnyn
'Jonathan and Ahimaaz were staying at En-
rogel, and a slave girl would go and bring them
word and they in turn would go and inform
King David. For they themselves dared not be "[-jb} bm nrib htahi 'nnswri n3'7n'i
seen entering the city. '^But a boy saw them and nlK-jn'7 i^^p i<b -"a 1)1 "^br^b n-'^m
informed Absalom. They left at once and came iPT "lyj bn'K K-i='.ii« :n-i"'i'n Kin^
to the house of a man in Bahurim who had a I
iKnî nnnp DH^'Ju; "iD^"! nb\iJ2i<.b
well in his courtyard. They got down into it,
inynii "iKn ^b^ Dnin;i2 u;''k-jt'2-'7k
'ând the wife took a cloth, spread it over
-riK ti/'iQni n\i7Kn niprri i*^ :u\lj mi^}_
the mouth of the well, and scattered groats
vb:; npu/ni nAnn *''J3"'7i7 ^"ÔTpn
on top of it, so that nothing would be noticed.
"'inv iK'n^vo -.121 yiij i<b^ nlD-in
2nwhen Absalom's servants came to the woman
at the house and asked where Ahimaaz and Jon-
athan were, the woman told them that they hrib npK'm. inJln''T Yv^PTik h^k
had crossed ^'a bit beyond the water.'' They iib) Wy>'2->) n^jpn b-D^-D nnv n\i7Kn
searched, but found nothing; and they returned
to Jerusalem.
iKnnp Sbv'i} anD"? nriK i ^'^l'!^2\
2 'After they were gone, [Ahimaaz and Jona-
ii"i-'7K nnk"! 1)1 q'pnb' nail ^•2bJ^
than] came up from the well and went and in-
formed King David. They said to David, "Go

and cross the water quickly, for Ahithophel has -b^) i]i nj?"^*! 22 : '7D'ri"'nK wz^bv yî
advised thus and thus concerning you." 22David "IV n.ll'nTiK nnvi'l iJHi< "iu;k bvn
and all the troops with him promptly crossed 1\UK 11V2 i<b iriK'tV ~ii?'^n ii^
the Jordan, and by daybreak not one was left
who had not crossed the Jordan.

"inyy nnt^yj tib -"s r^ki b^n^rii<^) 23
2-^When Ahithophel saw that his advice had

not been followed, he saddled his ass and went
-i;?!?''"! niph pjn;'"! iri"'3"'7K w;""! i'T'y-'7K
home to his native town. He set his affairs in
order, and then he hanged himself. He was bur-

ied in his ancestral tomb. -nx hny nû/nKi n7p:'jn?3 ki n-iT 24
24David had reached Mahanaim when Absa- :1)3y bi<,i\u'< \^^K-b2^ i<.^^[ ]iyn
lom and all the men of Israel with him crossed nKV nnn n'7u;nK du; KU/ny'nK") 25
the Jordan. 2SAbsalom had appointed Amasa

army commander in place of Joab; Amasa was
u/nrn? '^pnK-':?^ K^nii/K "''7Nit:;''n
the son of a man named Ithra the 'Israelite, who
had married Abigal, daughter of Nahash and
e-c Meuning of Hcb. unccnam. Targum rends "the Ionian."
f-f Some Scphiagint nns. and I Chron. 2. 12-17 read "lihmaelite"

and give a somcHhal different genealogy.
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 18.5 n^ n '7K1)3\:7 D''x-'nj
sister of Joab's mother Zeruiah.-/26The Israel- ''7K"|U7"' jn^'!26 :nK-ii DK n^n^; n'inK
ites and Absalom encamped in the district of
Gilead. 27VVhen David reached Mahanaim,

piji'yn wnrjn ^:2\u) n^pi'jnn 1)1 Kins
Shobi son of Nahash from Rabbath-ammon,
nil K^)3 ^'^K^Tpvin T'DTpT jUbv'Jn
Machir son of Ammiel from Lo-debar, and
n3U7jp28 :n''Vn)3 """JVÂri "-VrnT
Barzillai the Gileadite from Rogelim 28pre-
sented^ couches, basins, and earthenware; also

wheat, barley, flour, parched grain, beans, len-
tils, ''-parched grain,-'' -'^honey, '-curds, a flock,'
and cheese' from the herd for David and the nvn n?pK -"a ^71:?^^ iriK-iu/K nyb'T
troops with him to eat. For they knew that the
troops must have grown hungry, faint, and

thirsty in the wilderness.
18 David mustered the troops who were inx 1U7K nyn-riK Tj-i ipQ^T I I
with him and set over them captains of thou- :nlK)? i-\iu) D^p^K ntf? uri'^bv uiui^
sands and captains of hundreds. 2David a-sent
out the troops,-" one-third under the command
of Joab, one-third under the command of Joab's
D m^ri 'riK "t^n n\ijbwri) :ikv iriK
brother Abishai son of Zeruiah, and one-third
under the command of Ittai the Gittite. And Da-
vid said to the troops, "I myself will march out DrDK°-'3 KYn i<h Di/n '^)2i<^^ 3 : n2)3V
with you." -^But the troops replied, "No! For if inn^-DK") n'? ij-''7k i)3î:7^-k'7 dijj
some of us flee, the rest will not be concerned
about us; even if half of us should die, the others -n:^rTri-'3 nlu nnvi D"'?^^f "^1^^ 'i^'??
wiU not be concerned about us. But ^you are

n)pK^T4 D nlTV^ nny"? "iî/)? Mb
worth ten thousand of us.'' Therefore, it is bet-
ter for you to support us from the town." 4And

the king said to them, "I will do whatever you
think best."
byrT-'7D"i nv^n T-"'^^ 'H'?^'^ '^PV.'I']
So the king stood beside the gate as all the
troops marched out by their hundreds and inx'? ''jiKTiKi "iî^-inK-nKi nKl^j-riK
thousands. ^The king gave orders to Joab,

Abishai, and Ittai: "Deal gently with my boy Ab-
salom, for my sake." All the troops heard the
"nriN" -\nK noun v. 3.
g Brought up from v. 29 for clarity,
h-h Lacking in the Septuagint and Syriac.

i-i Emendation yields "curds from the flock."
j Meaning ofHeb. uncertain.
a-a Some Septuagint mss. read "divided the troops into three."
b-b So two Heb. mss., Septuagint, and Vulgate; cf. I Kings 1.18
and note. Most mss. and the editions read "Now there are ten
"
thousand like us.
683
NEvi'iM 2 SAMUEL 18.5 n-- n bK.m\L; d^k-'dj
king give the order about Absalom to all the -bv nTitfrn-'73-nK "^b-nri niyn ivnu;
officers. :ni'pu7nK "in"!
^The troops marched out into the open to

""nni '7K"iu;"' nKip"? mtz^n nyn k^^""! f-
confront the Israelites/ and the battle was

fought in the forest of Ephraim.'' "The Israelite
n^mri nizz-inrri nn nnv ^)^b bkyu"!
troops were routed by David's followers, and
a great slaughter took place there that day
twenty thousand men. «The battle spread out
over that whole region, and the forest devoured
more troops that day than the sword. :Ninri nv:i Îpn n'7pK
'Âbsalom encountered some of David's fol-
nil ""iny 'js^ Dl'7\z;3K k"i.j?''"19
lowers. Absalom was riding on a mule, and as
the mule passed under the tangled branches of

a great terebinth, his hair got caught in the
terebinth; he ''was held'' between heaven and

earth as the mule under him kept going. 'OQne
of the men saw it and told Joab, "I have just seen
Absalom hanging from a terebinth." "Joab said
to the man who told him, "You saw it! Why vîm n-iK-i mni ^b T'mn w^k^
didn't you kill him /then and there?/! would ^"^b nn'? •>bv^ ny-iK u\u 1n-'3n-K'p
have owed you tea*; shekels of silver and a belt."
i)pKîi2 :nnK niin"! i^dd niu/y
'-But the man answered Joab, "Even if I had a
b]?p ""DJK ^b^ i<.b^ :ikv-bi<, w-î^n
thousand shekels of silver in my hands, would I
not raise a hand against the king's son. For the

-'7K n^ nb\l)K-i<b C]D3 iq^K ^B3-bv
king charged you and Abishai and Ittai in our

hearing, 'Watch over my boy Absalom, ''for my
sake.'-'' 'Mf I betrayed myself' — and nothing is
hidden from the king — you would have stood

aloof." '-^Joab replied, i-"Then will not wait for
I
"iDK'iH n^m ny^nn nnxT "^br^ri
you." ./He took three darts in his hand and drove
n\i;bp°n^'>) "?]''ja'7 n^^nK jd-k"? nKP
them into Absalom's chest. [Absalom) was still
Dl'7U;3K 3'73 DVi^rT'l 1333 0^631^
alive in the thick growth of the terebinth,
'^when ten of Joab's young arms-bearers closed nnu/i; od^t'^ ,-nbKn 2b:i ""n ^n^v
in and struck at Absalom until he died. "'Then Dl'7u;3K-nK 13"") 3K1"' "''73 ""KU/J nnvj
Joab sounded the horn, and the troops gave up nu;"") -iDii;3 3X1"' ypn''"! i'^ nnrrinT!
c The uiiiiit term in f/iis narrative for the supporters of Absalom.

''7
^^nv inK noun
d Some Seplt4agmt mss. read "Mahanaim"; ef 17.24.
e-e MeaningofHeh. uncertain. Ancient versions and IQSam' read
"was left hanging": cf. v. 10.
f-f Lit. "to the ground.

"
g Some Septnagint mss. and 4QSani' read "fifty.
h-h SosomeHeb. mss.andancienlversions. Most mss. and editions
—
read "who" perhaps meaning "whoever you are."
I I.e., by killing Absalom.
j-j Some Septuagmt mss. and Targum read "Therefore, I will begin
"
before you.
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 18.28 ni n "7X1^^; 'K''ij
their pursuit of the Israehtes; for Joab held the 'qtz;n-'3 ^Kl'i^"' '^nK îip nvn
troops in check, ^They took Absalom and flung
i
ni^mKTiK inp^Ti^ :nyrT-nK nKl*"
him into a large pit in the forest, and they piled
b'liAH nn3n-'7K nv^n inx i3"'^\^:'i
up a very great heap of stones over it. Then all
iKp vb:j n;^n
the Israelites fled to their homes. — i^Now Ab- -b'j) b'\i} n->i:iii-b^
salom, in his lifetime, had taken the pillar which

is in the Valley of the King and set it up for him-
self; for he said, "I have no son to keep my name
alive." He had named the pillar after himself, nn2f)3^ Kip"! '>T2p n^BTPT mnyii ]n -'b
and it has been called Absalom's Monument to uvri IV Dû/nK t n^ k-i.j?''! 'Mb\LJ-bv
this day.
: nTn
iÂhimaaz son of Zadok said, "Let me run and
K3 nynx -i)pK pn^'13 yy^p^nKi 19
report to the king that the
him
Lord
against his enemies." 20But Joab said to
has vindicated
™ mn"" iuQU7-'3 "q^jan-riK nnwnKi
niti/n U7"'K k'? :ikv 1^ ~i)3kî 20 :T'3^k
him, "You shall not be the one to bring tidings
today. You may bring tidings some other day,
uvri) nriK aiin niti^nT nin di^'h nriK
but you'll not bring any today; for the king's T|^)3rT-]3 [*]3-]'7i7-'3 nibnri k^ n-iri
son is dead!" 2iAnd Joab said to a Cushite, "Go i^n "^b •'u;i3^ nKl-" nnK''i2i :np
tell the king what you have seen." The Cushite
bowed to Joab and ran off. 22But Ahimaaz son pny-]3 yvn-TiK iiy ^"0^)22 :y-iî
of Zadok again said to Joab, "No matter what,
KrnynK njp 'rr'i nKi"'-'7K inx'^T
letme run, too, behind the Cushite." Joab asked,
-nipb :ikv "dgkî w^:^^ nriK ^jk-da
"Why should you run, my boy, when you have
no news ^-worth telling?"-*^ 23"i am going to run
n"]iu;3-]iK *n3^T 'in yn nriK nf
anyway." "Then run," he said. So Ahimaaz ran yn 1^7 nnK^'T ynx np-^n-'i 23 : riKyb
by way of the Plain, and he passed the Cushite.
24David was sitting between the two gates.' :''lI713rT
The watchman on the roof of the gate walked
He looked up and saw a

over to the city wall.
Kti7^T n)plnri-'7K hy^n :ir'7K nas^rr
man running alone. 25Xhe watchman caUed
:mb yn \:;"'K-narri ki^. pry-riK
down and told the king; and the king said, "If
q^jan "inK""! qb'js^ iri nsyrr Knp"! 25
he is alone, he has news to report." As he was
coming nearer, 26the watchman saw another
man running; and he called out to the gate-
keeper, "There is another man running alone." yn u/'iK-nan "inKî 'î;'^'^-bi< h^^ri
And the king said, "That one, too, brings news." n^'212 HT-DA "q^pn "DpK""! îjib
27The watchman said, "I can see that the first
nynp-riK nxi ijk nsyn ^53x^27
one runs like Ahimaaz son of Zadok"; to which
pny"]3 yypTiK nynns pu/K-in
the king replied, "He is a good man, and he
comes with good news." 28Ahimaaz called out
"inx""! yyipTiK K"ip='"!28 :KinT nniu
and said to the king, "All is well!" He bowed low
^Tl^ nVi Klip V. 20.
k-k Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
'H T-n-i V. 22.
I.e., the inner and outer gateways.
685 I
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 18.28 n-' n bi<>^^n\U n^K'-nj
with his face to the ground and said, "Praised

be the Lord your God, who has dehvered up
the men who raised their hand against my lord
the king." -"^The king asked, "Is my boy Absalom

niû; ^'?'3n nnx"! ^'^ : ']^'i^r[ ""nKs wv
safe?" And Ahimaaz answered, "I saw *^-a large
crowd when Your Majesty's servant loab was

"q'pnrT iny-riK nhpb" '7n^n ]'\i2r[n
sending your servant ofif,-*^ but I don't know
what it was about." ÔThe king said, "Step aside
and stand over there"; he stepped aside and nD"! n'B n2<^nn no T|'7)an ink^'vô
waited.
-^'Just then the Cushite came up; and the hiyiiri"' 'u/isn "idk""! k:^ 'u/ian mrn 31
Cushite said, "Let my lord the king be informed

that the Lord has vindicated you today against
'q^Kjn nnK^'T^^ D -.^'^bv nm^ri-b:2
all who rebelled against you!" -''-The king asked
Dl'pipnK^ iv^b Dl^wn '\i7i3n-'7K
the Cushite, "Is my boy Absalom safe?" And the
Cushite replied, "May the enemies of my lord
"j'TK ^'n-'K -iv^? TTf ""li/isn "i?3K''t
the king and all who rose against you to do you
1 C\ h^rm fare like that young man!" '"The

X^ king was shaken. He went up to the up-
per chamber of the gateway and wept, moaning

these words as he went,'' "My son Absalom! O
my son, my son Absalom! If only I had died in-
stead of you! O Absalom, my son, my son!"
2Joab was told that the king was weeping and Dl"? nyu/nn ^13 .ub\LJ:ii<-bv
mourning over Absalom. Ând the victor)' that Dyn y)?u;-'3 nyn-'?^^ b;ii<,b Kinn
day was turned into mourning for all the troops, :1jn-'7v "^by^n nyyj inx"? Kinn uv2
for that day the troops heard that the king was "I'lyn Kin'p Kinn Di^n nyn n3An'''i4
grieving over his son. ^The troops stole into
npiJ3 •'p^p^n nyn nBD"" iu'k?
town that day like troops ashamed after running
pvv) TiisTiK UK^ ^r'^n") ' : nnn^)33
away in battle. ^The king covered his face and
Di'7u;3K Dl'7u;nK "•'J3 b"]!} b'\\P "^b-BTi
the king kept crying aloud, "O my son Absalom!
O Absalom, my son, my son!"
c : '>n 'J3
^Joab came to the king in his quarters and

said, "Today you have humiliated all your fol-
lowers, who this day saved your life, and the lives WDJ DK") Di'irT ~T]ti;QrnK u^vb-ni^ri
of your sons and daughters, and the lives of your
:
*?i"'WA^3 u/aji "^-^m u;aji T'nm •^'n
wives and concubines, ~by showing love for
"Ti^nrrK-HK i<2\^b^ -^-^kw-nK urini^h
those who hate you and hate for those who love
you. For you have made clear today that the
a Counted as lli.33 in some wrsions.

b Some Sepltiaginl mss. read "wvpl.
686
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 19.17 u-i n "rKinu/ niK-inj
officers and men mean nothing to you. I am sure ''ti ni^\f^nK ^b i^b -"b nl^n mvji i
">3
that if Absalom were alive today and the rest

:';T'ri;3 -lu;^ tk-'3 w^ryn nl^n ij'73i
of us dead, you would have preferred it. ^Now
arise, come out and placate your followers! For
Ti'p^-DK KYI"" jiJ"'K-*''3 ""nv?^^ nin"'3
I swear by the Lord that if" you do not come
-'73J3 nkt -7^ r\vy\ n^^^n \ni^ iz/^x
out, not a single man will remain with you over-
night; and that would be a greater disaster for
you than any disaster that has befallen you nvjiîi nu;-iT •q'7)3n i7'î'^ d :nr\v
from your youth until now." ^So the king arose

and sat down in the gateway; and when all the
troops were told that the king was sitting in the

gateway, all the troops presented themselves to
the king.
Kim iJ"'3^K r|3)p I ^:h^'^T[ '^'kn
Now the Israelites had fled to their homes.
-])p nnn nnvi ''riu^'pQ r|3u \ybby^
lOAll the people throughout the tribes of Israel
were arguing: Some said, "The king saved us -iu;k blû;3Ki h :al'p\f;3K bviQ yiKn
from the hands of our enemies, and he delivered nnvT npn'7)33 n?3 M-^bv Mnm
us from the hands of the Philistines; and just -riK 'y'vjnb Dû;-in)p nriK nw^
now he had to flee the country because of Ab-
salom. iBut Absalom,

1 whom we anointed over n3"i"nnK'7"^D-'jrT3rT nnpK-b'K'i pin^
us, has died in battle; why then do you sit idle
vnn T[r^b "irii^b niin"' 'JpT-'7K
instead of escorting the king back?" i-The talk
of all Israel reached the king in his quarters. So

King David sent this message to the priests Za-
-'7K '^^)3n-'7K K3 '7K-JU;"'-'73 h3"|T
dok and Abiathar: "Speak to the elders of Judah DriK nwni ""pyv nnx ^11x13 :irii3
and say, 'Why should you be the last to bring :'q'7)an-nK "y^yjrb DînriK vryry r^'nb']
the king back to his palace? i-^You are my kins- nu/ni 'pYV K'\br[ *ryriT\ ^Kmvb^ h
men, my own flesh and blood! Why should you q^pl"' ri^2^ dtt'^k ""'^'nu/yi n3 nnx
be the last to escort the king back?' iÂnd to
n"'n^ri-'73 î^b rîjyn Knyntz; k^-dk
Amasa say this, 'You are my own flesh and
-^î^-b'2 33^-nK uj'.iis tiKV nnri
blood.May God do thus and more to me if you
do not become my army commander perma-
nently in place of Joab!'" i5So [Amasa] swayed
:
'?l"'ini7-'73i nriK iw
the hearts of all the Judites as one man; and they
sent a message to the king: "Come back with Ti'7)3ri n^ypb riB'pb' nÂ'7An k3
all your followers."
i6The king started back and arrived at the lor-
Dnin3)p -1U7K 'j'')p^rT-]3 Knr ]3 ^vr?^
dan; and the Judites went to Gilgal to meet the
king and to conduct the king across the Jordan. "UK" nnK noiji nn "dk 13" nnj< nm^n v. 8.
'K non r. 14.

I'Shimei son of Gera, the Benjaminite from
So Septuagint, 4QSam', and some other Heb. rnss., and an

ancient masoretic tradition; ordinary texts omit "if."
687
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 19.17 u-- n bi<.^'l2\u d^k^'^j
Bahurim, hurried down with the Judites to meet

King David, "âccompanied by a thousand Ben- "lyj Kn^'YT '])3^j:3?3 Day u;"'k f]bk^ i«
jaminites. ''And Ziba, the servant of the House nnu;i7T vjn nu/y nu;nni b^K\LJ n^n
of Saul, together with his fifteen sons and twenty
I'q'pran •>)Bb ]iyn in^yi iriK vinv
slaves, rushed down to the Jordan ahead of the
"I'pTarT n-in-nK n"'ni7b' ninyn nnnvi ''^
king ''^while the crossing was being made, to es-
cort the king's family over, and to do whatever

-jn 'y)pu7i vj^vn iryn niun nwvb)
he wished. Shimei son of Gera flung himself be- :]"i"i:'5 nnyn q'pnn ^jd'? bî Kia
fore the king as he was about to cross the Jordan.
20He said to the king, "Let not my lord hold me ^^ny myn nu/K hk n'ijTn-'?^! py
guilty, and do not remember the wrong your n'7u;n-'n ^"piarr-'nK *Ki'i—iu;k uv:i
servant committed on the day my lord the king
^^;iy yi^ •'321 nii'^-'^K "^^jan uwb
left Jerusalem; let Your Majesty give it no
)wK'^, uvri •riKn-mrii "•riKyn -"jk "ib
thought. 21 For your servant knows that he has
sinned; so here I have come down today, the
ipK riKip"? nif)b tqpp n-'^-b^h
first of all the House of Joseph, to meet my lord n^nY-]3 '>p'>:iK ]yî2: d -.^bi^ri
the king." ^^Thereupon Abishai son of Zeruiah "•3 ^vrip nr2V i^
spoke up, "Shouldn't Shimei be put to death for "ri"! "DGKî 23 D : r\'\r['' n-'U/n-riK bbp
that — insulting the Lord's anointed?" 23But ib-vr\n-^:2 n^^-^:i •'jn U2b^ ^b-n)2
David said, '-"What has this to do with you,''
'^K-jtyn W^K n}2V nvri ]v\ub uvri
you sons of Zeruiah, that you should cross
-bv "n'^p-'JK uvri '3 ^nyi^ K^bn ^3
me today? Should a single Israelite be put to
i<b •'y)pu;-'7K ']b)2ri "inK'^-i:! :'7K'iw
death today? Don't 1/ know that today I am
again king over Israel?" 2'iThen the king said to D :']br2ri l"? ynw""! man
Shimei, "You shall not die"; and the king gave "I'pTan DKni?^ i-v b^k^;-]2. n\ij''2^m 25
him his oath. TIKI iDQu; ntf/y-K"?") vb)n r^\uv-i<b^

25Mephibosheth, the grandson of Saul, also "^biarf n3'7 bl^n-jjaV D33 kb t'-ia3
came down to meet the king. He had not pared "''2 'nii26 .u'\b\u2 n3-~iu;k Dl^n-iy
his toenails, or trimmed his mustache, or
\b nnKî "^brpri riKnpb' d'û/tt' k3
washed his clothes from the day that the king
left until the day he returned safe. 26When he

:nu;'3-'Qn mv r\:2bri-i<b nipb "^br^n
g-came [from].'.' Jerusalem to meet the king, the

-i)3K-''3 'j^-i "•iny q'p?an inK -idk'^t 27
king asked him,"Why didn't you come with me, h"'^y 331K1 ninnn ''^-nu/nriK "q^ny
Mephibosheth?" 27He replied, "My lord the b^T^ 2« :-^-13y nD3 '3 T|'7)3n-nK T|'7KT
king, my own servant'' deceived me. 'Your ser- "^brpn ""nKi "^bi^ri 'Jik-'^k ^^nyn
vant planned to saddle his ass and ride' on it
and go with Your Majesty — for your servant is

K y •>
by -np: >. 20.
lame. 2** [Ziba] has slandered your servant to my
d Meaning of parts of the rest of w. IH ami 19 iinccruwi.

e-e See note at 16.10.
f Sonic SeptuaginI msi. read "you.

"
g-g So SeptuaginI. Heb. "entered.
h I.e.. Ztha (cf v. M) and 9.2 ff. ).
i-i Ancient vcniom read "Your icrvant uiid to hint, 'Saddle my
'"
an, that I may nde...
688
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 19.40 u-- n "^Kiaw D^N-^nj
lord the king. But my lord the king is like an

angel of the Lord; do as you see fit. 29Por all
the members of my father's family deserved

^"iny-nK nu/rn. ^biari ''pKb hi)b
only death from my lord the king; yet you set
your servant among those who ate at your table.

What right have I to appeal further to Your Maj-
esty?" 30The king said to him, "You need not
speak further. I decree that you and Ziba shall :niti7rT-nK "ipbnn xn^YT nnx
divide the property." 3iAnd Mephibosheth said -riK m 'q^)3ri-'7K nu/'n^pn inK'^vî
to the king, "Let him take it all, as long as my ^bpn ^pK k|i-iu7K nnK ni?"' Van
lord the king has come home safe."
32Barzillai the Gileadite had come down from

Rogelin and ^passed on to the Jordan with the
ni^n-riK '\r\b\ub \iy_ri \bhri-nK
king, to see him off at-; the Jordan. 33Barzillai
D^lnuz-js iKip ip.T ^^nnT33 -.pyn
was very old, eighty years of age; and he had pro-
vided the king with food during his stay at
Mahanaim, for he was a very wealthy man. :iK)p Kin b']'!} u/''K"^3 D^jnjpn
34The king said to Barzillai, "Cross over with
me, and I will provide for you in Jerusalem at :Dû;n-'3 pm 'înK "n'^B^p'i ""rix
my side." 35But Barzillai said to the king, "How ''JU7 ^n^ n)33 ':i'7)3ri-'7K '^nn "ink=)'! 35
many years are left to me that should go up I
-]3 36 : q'pu/nT 'q'7)3rT-nK h^vk-^b '^n
with Your Majesty to Jerusalem? ^61 am now
eighty years old. Can I tell the difference be-
nlu-Tin I yiKH uvri ^djk^hju; wpp
^b:^K "lU/K-riK '^'iny Di/p^-DK v^b
tween good and bad? Can your servant taste
what he eats and drinks? Can I still listen to the b^p:i iii7 yjpu/K-DK nnu;K nu/K-nKi
singing of men and women? Why then should
your servant continue to be a burden to my lord nny^ uvJ33 37 -.^br^n \j'"tk"'7K Kti/n^
the king? 37;-Your servant could barely cross the nia^l "Ti^)3ri-nK i^-i^n-nK ^^ny
Jordan-; with your Majesty! Why should Your -nu/Tss :nKTn n'7imn "^br^ri ''j'7?pr
Majesty reward me so generously? ^sLet your
nK nnj?. uv n''v:;i npKi '^'iny kj
servant go back, and let me die in my own town,
near the graves of my father and mother. But
here is your servant Chimham; let him cross
niu—i\^K riK '\b-r[\u)j,) "^br^n 'nx
with my lord the king, and do for him as you nny;' ''Jik "^br^ri "DpK""! 39 d :
ypv^
see fit." 39And the king said, "Chimham shall
cross with me, and I will do for him as you see .^b-nvjVK -'bv "innn—IU7K b':^)
fit; and anything you want me to do, I will do '^br^m pyn-nK n^ri-b:^ '^'2V'!^Jo
for you."
40Â11 the troops crossed the Jordan; and

when the king was ready to cross, the king kissed
j-j Meaning of Heb. uncertain.

k Meaning of parts ofvv. 40-44 uncertain.
689
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 19.40 u-" n'7K1)3U; D^K^J
Barzillai and bade him farewell; and [Barzillai]
returned to his home. -"The king passed on to

Gilgal, with Chimham'accompanying him; and ny 'Yn nil ^'p'prT-nK TT-nyn nnyî
all the Judite soldiers and part of the Israelite
army escorted the king across.
*-Then all the men of Israel came to the king

and said to the king, "Why did our kinsmen,
ij^nK "înj^ ynn T|'7)3n-'7K npK""!
the men of Judah, steal you away and escort the

king and his family across the lordan, along with D :1)3V nn Û7JK-'73i n-i:'rT-nK in-'n
all David's men?" 'Âll the men of Judah replied
to the men of Israel, "Because the king is our

relative! Why should this upset you? Have we
consumed anything that belongs to the king?
Has he given us any gifts?" '''*But the men of Is-

rael answered the men of Judah, "We have ten
nwv "inK'^T n'i']r[^ uz-'k-riK ''7K")u;-'
shares in the king, and '"in David, too, we have

'^73)3 'JK "nin-D^T ^b)2:i ^b nn^
more than you.'" Why then have you slighted
us? Were we not the first to propose that our
king be brought back?" However, the men of
Judah prevailed over the men of Israel.
20 A scoundrel named Sheba son of Bichri, ynu; mw^ ^v^^^ ^''i< ÎpJ Qif/i ^
a Benjaminite, happened to be there. He "idkW -iD\:73 V'pn'^^ "".rp^ ^î<^ '133-]3
sounded the horn and proclaimed: inn p"?!! ^:^b-V^
"We have no portion in David,
•'li;;'-!^^ ij^-n^m i<b^
No share in Jesse's son!
•.bK'W'>, vbrii^b \LJii<.
Every man to his tent, O Israel!"
"fll """inNJ? bK'W'> \ijî<,-b:2 '7V?1-
2AI1 the men of Israel left David and followed
Sheba son of Bichri; but the men of Judah ac- ipni T^l^n^ u;^kt nnn-jn ynu; niiK
companied their king from the Jordan to Jeru- Kn^T3 :D'7u;n''-iVT ]i"i:'rT-]n D3'7na
salem. ^David went to his palace in Jerusalem, riK "^b-bn nj?"! b^wn"' ln"'3-'7K -n."]
and the king took the ten concubines he had

left to mind the palace and put them in a
d'73'73"'t niû/n-iT'n DJPT'T nîri
guarded place; he provided for them, but he
uv-iij nl-i-iy nrMni Kn-k'? DrT''7N'i
did not cohabit with them. They remained in
D im'Ti mjn'7K jnn
seclusion until the day they died, in living
-riK ^b-pv'iri Ku;)pi;-'7K "^br^ri "inKn '
widowhood.
•'The king said to Amasa, "Call up the men
of Judah to my standard, and report here three
days from now." ''Amasa went to call up ludah,
I llih. Chimhiin.
mm Sfpiuagitil reads 'we are the finl- born, rather than you." 690
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 20.15 D n '7K1J3U; a-'K-'iJ
but he took longer than the time set for him.

6And David said to Abishai, "Now Sheba son
of Bichri will cause us more trouble than Ab-
salom. So take your lord's servants and pursue

him, before he finds fortified towns and "eludes
iKÎ'v :^2pv b-'^ri'] ni-iYin any 1^
us."-" 7i-}oab's men, the Cherethites and Peleth-
ites, and all the warriors, marched out behind
'ri'73m 'ri-i3ni :\kv û/jk innK
him.-^ They left Jerusalem in pursuit of Sheba
son of Bichri. ^They were near the great stone jnKn-DV nns :"'"i:34i"i3 ynni; nriK
in Gibeon when Amasa appeared before them. K3 Ku;?pyi jiynA? -i\^k n^nAn
«-Joab was wearing his military dress, with his
sword girded over it and fastened around his
i^jj-Dp-"?:; nim'D bin -lun T'^yi
waist in its sheath; and, as he stepped forward,
it fell out.-" 9}oab said to Amasa, "How are you,

brother?" and with his right hand Joab took
hold of Amasa's beard as if to kiss him. lOAmasa
was not on his guard against the sword in Joab's "Til nu/K I nnn^ -Dbu/rx'p Ktz/nvi lo
[left] hand, and [Joab] drove it into his belly
so that his entrails poured out on the ground

and he died; he did not need to strike him a sec-
ond time.
iKV ny^p v^v iny Û/^KI n :"'"!P?"i:?
Joab and his brother Abishai then set off in
pursuit of Sheba son of Bichri, ''while one of
Joab's henchmen stood by '^the corpse-' and

bb'mr} KU/nyii^ inKi"" nnx in^
called out, "Whoever favors Joab, and whoever "fny-'3 \ij''kri K-i:'T n^p?3ri "înii n"i3
is on David's side, follow Joab!" 'Âmasa lay in n'^pnn-]?? Ktz/ipy-riK np"! nyn-â
the middle of the road, drenched in his blood;
and the man saw that everyone stopped. And np "ii^Kpi? :-rpi7T vbv KIirT-'73
when he saw that all the people were stopping,
:ikv nnK ^\ijî<.-b:2 nnv n^^pipn-ja
he dragged Amasa from the road into the field
nnvi'Ti-i :np3-]3 ynu7 nnK q-in^
and covered him with a garment. ' -''Once he was
n3V)? n^'2.^ n^3K bk'ip^ y:l^j-b2:l
removed from the road, everybody continued
to follow Joab in pursuit of Sheba son of Bichri. 1K3^T I'^rrj?""! ^nbp^^ d Dnnn-^Di
14 [Sheba] had passed through all the tribes of n^nK3 vbv nyî iki^t i? nnnK-qx
Israel up to Abel of*^ Beth-maacah; and all the
Beerites*" assembled and followed him inside.
i5[Joab's men] came and besieged him in Abel

of Beth-maacah; they threw up a siegemound
a-a Meaning ofHeb. uncertain. K non V. 9.
b-b Emendation yields "Joab, the Cherethites and Pelethites, and

all the warriors marched out behind Abishai."
c-c Heb. "him."
d Heb. "and."Cf. v. 15 (and "Abel-beth-maacah" in 1 Kings 15.20
and 2 Kings 15.29).
e Emendation yields "Bichrites"; Scptuagint.
691 cf.
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 20.15 3 n'7K1)3U; n-'N-'nj
against the city /and it stood against the "T'Vn-'^K n^yp iÊJUî") n3y)3n nin
rampart.-'
All the troops with Joab were êngaged in
battering the wall.s '^when a clever woman

shouted from the city, "Listen! Listen! Tell Joab
^K KrnnK \v)2\ij lynu; "T'yn'jn
to come over here so I can talk to him." '''He
approached her, and the woman asked, "Are
you Joab?" "Yes," he answered; and she said to nnxn n\£7Kn nnkri"! rr'^^K nip^'i 17
him, "Listen to what your handmaid has to say."

"I'm listening," he replied. "*And she contin- -lakni i« :'=3'JK vpu^ i'?^"'! "^0^^
ued, "In olden times people used to say, ''-'Let
them inquire of Abel,'-" and that was the end

''pbp 'fjJK ly •.^^nn'^l pi VnK^ i'^ku;"'
of the matter. '''I am one of those who seek the
welfare of the taithful in Israel. But you seek to
n'^nj y'pnn TMpb bk'^\u'':l. dk")
bring death upon a mother city in Israel! Why
should you destroy the Lord's possession?" n^^'7n ipK"! :iKV iy''."!2o 2 :r['\p->
20Joab replied, "Far be it, far be it from me to :n"'nu;K-DKi y^nx-DK '''7

n'7"''7n
destroy or to ruin! 2 1 Not at all! But a certain man nnDK -inn V^jk ""ij -in"irT ^k'7 2i
from the hill country of Ephraim, named Sheba
son of Bichri, has rebelled against King David. T'i/n bvri hd'^ki i^nS' in'K-ijri
Just hand him alone over to us, and I will with-
Wi<^^ njin nKV-'7K tiûkti nnK'ni
draw from the city." The woman assured Joab,
"His head shall be thrown over the wall to

you." 22The woman came to all the people with innD^T nnippnn nyn-'^s-b'K nwKn
her clever plan; and they cut off the head of nKl"'-'7N i35?V^:!Vn3ii-]3 yn\^ WN'n-riK
Sheba son of Bichri and threw it down to Joab. uz-'K "i"'vri-'7vp lYSî -ial\i7n vp_n'>^
He then sounded the horn; all the men dis- -'7N n.'?WTT' nw nKPT p'^hk'?
persed to their homes, and Joab returned to the
king in Jerusalem.
n^jni bKiiu'^ Knyri-'73 bK nj<l"'T23
23Joab was commander of the whole army
: •'ri'7Qn-'7i;"! '•n"'.?^ î^n-"?:; yiînTi^
[of] Israel; Benaiah son of Jehoiada was com-
iib'-'fiK-jn usu/in-'i vr^rcbv u'pi^^ 24
mander of the Cherethites and the Pelethites;
2'»Adoram'' was in charge of forced labor; Je- pinyi 1QD i<.m Kû;i25 :T'3mn
hoshaphat son of Ahilud was recorder; 25Sheva' n-in '''î'^'^'ri K-jiy ui^ 2^ : d^jpid "inpNi
was scribe; and Zadok and Abiathar were
priests. 26ira the Jairite also served David as
priest.
/-/ Meaning ofHeb. uncertain. The phrase wotitJ read well in the
next vene ("...a clever woman stood on the rampart and
.
shouted. . ").
g-g Lit. "destroying, to topple the wall. " Sepluagint and Targum
"
read "were planning to topple the wall.
h So in I Kmgs I2.li<and J('hron. II) I K i" I iadoram" ): elsewhere
"
"Adoniram.
i See note j at 8.17.
692
'
NEvi'iM 2 SAMUEL 21.9 x:: n ^7X173^:; n^x^nj
21 There was a famine during the reign of

David, year after year for three years. David in-
Dîu; \L;h\u "rii ^?3^3
iTi u/pnî
nyn ^nî
nnK
KD
""jB-riK '^[}^j nju;
quired of the Lord, and the Lord repHed, "It
is because of the bloodguilt of Saul and [his]
house, for he put some Gibeonites to death."

D-'jVn^^ ]'7?3rT K"ii?='i- :D^j"ynArT
-The king summoned the Gibeonites and spoke
to them. —Now the Gibeonites were not of Is-
raehte stock, but a remnant of the Amorites, to ^ni n'?3^:ri nn^.p-nx ^3 n)ari b^'W''
whom the Israehtes had given an oath; and Saul ''71KU; \:î7.nî unb "Wiipi ~'7i<-iU7''
had tried to wipe them out in his zeal for the
people of Israel and Judah. — 5Da\'id asked the nt^VK nn D"'jyn^rT-'7K iii nwR^v^
Gibeonites, "What shall I do for you? How shall n'7nrnK i^nni ibdx n?3ni dd^
I make expiation, so that you may bless the
'\2b ^^"i^K ^JVnAn ^b npkî-i :mn^
Lord's own people?" ^The Gibeonites answered
-]iKi in^n-av"! '7ixu;-ay "^nn c^D3
him, "We have no claim for silver or gold against
Saul and his household; and we have no claim
on the life of any other man in Israel." And
[Da\'id] responded, "Whatever you say I will
do for you." -^Thereupon they said to the king, r'^KiU/^ '7nA-'753 ni'i'nnTp mnu/j ^^'^
"The man who massacred us and planned to vh)2 •"'U/JK r[:j^'p ^2b-]n^^ ]nrf^
"-exterminate us, so that we-' should not survive
n^nn biK^j nv3A3 np^b mjyplm
in all the territory of Israel — "^let seven of his
male issue be handed over to us, and we will

]njln^-]n nu;3-'Dp-'7y "^b-kri b'-nw]
impale them before the Lord in ''-Gibeah of
Saul, the chosen of the Lord."-^' .\nd the king nrn -wuK n'ln^^ nynu;-'7y '7mu;-]n
replied, "I will do so. nj?^!^ :'7^Ku;-[5 ]njlni pn^ ill y^

"The king spared Mephibosheth son of lon-
athan son of Saul, because of the oath before
the Lord between the two, between David and
Jonathan son of Saul. -''Instead, the king took
:^nyn)3n ^Vnzi-]3 b^^'^'ivb nib^
Armoni and Mephibosheth, the two sons that
''i^b -inn Di^î?'"! DîVnAn iin DJrr'ij
Rizpah daughter of Aiah bore to Saul, and the
five sons that Merab'^ daughter of Saul bore to
am in-' nnynu; a^nvnii/ '\bB'>^ nln^
Adriel son of Barzillai the Meholathite, "ând he
handed them over to the Gibeonites. They im-

paled them on the mountain before the Lord;
all seven of them perished at the same time.

"2^73" inK n01J2 V. 8.
b-b Emendation yields "at Gibeon, on the mountain of the Lord"

(cf. Septuagint and v. 9).
c So two Heb. mss., many Septuagint mss., and Peshitta; and cf.
Targum, Sanhedrin 19b, and I Sam. 18.19. Most mss. and the
"
printed editions read "MichaL
693
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 21.9 N3 n "7X1)3^7 D^K-inj
They were put to death in the first days of the nVnn n"'j\:;K-i^ ^'^[7 'p''3 inpn njprn
harvest, the beginning of the barley harvest.
'"Then Rizpah daughter of Aiah took sack-

cloth and spread it on a rock for herself, and
she stayed there from the beginning of the har-
vest until rain from the sky fell on ''-the bodies;''
she did not let the birds of the sky settle on them
by day or the wild beasts [approach] by night.
1 • David was told what Saul's concubine Rizpah mbB n'jis-nn nBY-i nnu/y—iu/n
daughter of Aiah had done. '-And David went
and took the bones of Saul and of his son Jon-
athan from the citizens of Jabesh-gilead, who In-in nnK uj^°"iu;k ly'p'A \i)i'2i -"^v?
had made off with them from the public square
of Beth-shan, where the Philistines had hung

them up on the day the Philistines killed Saul
-JIK b\i7D "7^=1"! '3 :i;'^'7An '7iKu;-nK
at Gilboa. '-"^He brought up the bones of Saul
and of his son Jonathan from there; and he gath- 1J3 jnjin^ nDpyvriKT b^k\u niDW
ered the bones of those who had been impaled. nnp^T '•!
: n-iyiPijan niDyv".nK iddk"."!
'•lAnd they buried the bones of Saul and of his

son Jonathan^' in Zela, in the territory of Ben- '73 ^ti;y='T vnK \u^p nnj^n y'pyn ]n^J3
jamin, in the tomb of his father Kish. And when
y"iK^ DTil'^K iny^'i ^^)3n my—iu/k
all that the king had commanded was done, God
responded to the plea of the land thereafter.
iSAgain war broke out between the Philistines -riK D"'nu;'73'7 nnn^n -riv""'nn"! is
and Israel, and David and the men with him mnb"^) mv V12V) "iiT in='i '^k-jw
went down and fought the Philistines; David liipi'] inu;^T<^ :"n."i tqy"^"! n"'nu7'73-nK
grew weary, 'ând "Ishbi-benob" tried to kill
irp bp\ijm HDnn ^T^^^ I
"^W^ ^J?
David. — He was a descendant of the Raphah;'
inn Kirri nu/nj hyf^-n niKn \ijb\u
his bronze spear weighed three hundred shekels
— '"But Abishai son of "iivn '' :"Tn"^^ nian^ "i^k'Î nipin
and he wore new armor.
Zeruiah came to his aid; he attacked the Phi-
listine and killed him. It was then that David's
men declared to him on oath, "You shall not n^DJi i<b^ nnn'7?3yijnK tiy Kyri-i<'7
go with us into battle any more, lest you extin-
guish the lamp of Israel!" nnn'7)3n ily-^nni p"nnK Mî'8

'**i'After this, fighting broke out again with îDBp n''nu;'73-Dy m^^
n-hn TK
the Philistines, at Gob; that was when Sibbecai
the Hushathite killed Saph, a descendant of the
K icn V. 12.
d-d Hch. "them."

e Septuagint adds "and the bones of those impaled."
f Apparently a race of giants.

g This paragraph is found also in I Chron. 20.4-8; iri part, also
in IQSanf, with some vanattons.

694
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 22.7 ID n '7Ki?3\:/ D-iK^j
Raphah/ iÂgain there was fighting with the
PhiUstines at Gob; and Elhanan son of Jaare- n^n DînK nv:'"]^ pnb'K "q^T D^nu/'ps
oregim'' the Bethlehemite killed Goliath the
Gittite, whose spear had a shaft like a weaver's
bar. 20Once again there was fighting, at Gath.

"vv n'ynyK") ]ii?3 i^n ^^k i 'n"''!
There was a "^-giant of a man," who had six
fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot,
twenty-four in all; he too was descended from

the Raphah. ^'When he taunted Israel, Jona-
than, the son of David's brother Shimei, killed hVk ny5-iK"riK22 :-Tn ipiK nvpu/
him. îjhose four were descended from the
Raphah in Gath, and they fell by the hands of
David and his men.
99 "David addressed the words of this song

A^^ nn^-riK np^b tit isti* ^^
to the Lord, after the Lord had saved him from in'K mni b-^^^n °uv:ii nwn ny^jri
the hands of all his enemies and from the hands
of Saul. 2He said:
O Lord, my crag, my fastness, my deliverer!

l3-nDnK n^y pbî
30 ^-God, the rock-^' wherein I take shelter:
My shield, my "^mighty champion,-' my for- pijni ^'''^m'D ''Vp'' nii?.l i^T?
tress and refuge! :''Ji;u7n DTpnn ""V^b

My savior. You who rescue me from violence!
^t^-All praise! I called on the Lord,'^ :yiyiK ^n'''K?3T
And I was delivered from my enemies.

ni)p-n3U7?p 'J33K ""as
spor the breakers of Death encompassed me.
The torrents of Belial'' terrified me;

'jnp '71151^ ''b:inf>
6The snares of Sheol encircled me,
:nin-'U7p)p 'jmj?
The coils of Death engulfed me.
"In my anguish I called on the Lord,

Cried out to my God;
In His Abode/ He heard my voice,
My cry entered His ears.
Perhaps a didptictite of 'oreîm ("weavers") at the etui of the verse;

/i
HT-ty miya mns Mbu; T-n nnan i: i.
meaning of Heb. uncertain. I Chron. 20.5 reads "And Elhanan
son affair killed Lahmi, the brother of Goliath the Gittite."
a This poem occurs again as Ps. 18, with a number of variations,

some of which are cited in the following notes,
b-b Lit. "the God of my rock"; Ps. 18.3 "my God, my rock."
c-c Lit. "horn of rescue."
d-d Construction ofHeb. uncertain,
e I.e., the netherworld, like "Death" and "SheoL"
695 f Lit. "Temple."
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 22.8 33 nb'KIDU; n-'K-'nj
sThen the earth rocked and quaked, \î^T\ u/vini ii^van""! ^vvyn^^
The foundations of heavem' shook
Rocked by His indignation. 'Ab n"in-"'3 lu/yjn;'"!
'^Smoke went up from His nostrils,
From His mouth came devouring fire;
Live coals blazed forth from Him.

lOHe bent the sky and came dov^Ti,
Am-n ni73 wbm
Thick cloud beneath His feet.
"He mounted a cherub and flew; :v^yr\ nnn '^Qivi

'-He was seen-'' on the wings of the wind.
i2He made pavilions of darkness about Him,
Dripping clouds, huge thunderheads;
nl3D vn^^no yv'n nip"^"! 12
'-Mn the brilliance before Him
Blazed fiery coals.
i4The Lord thundered forth from heaven.
The Most High sent forth His voice;
'-"•He let loose bolts, and scattered them;'
Lightning, and put them to rout.
i^The bed of the sea was exposed.
The foundations of the world were laid bare

By the mighty roaring of the Lord,
At the blast of the breath of His nostrils.
'''He reached down from on high, He took

b'lr) nnpn ^b^p
me.
Drew me out of the mighty waters;i :1EJK nn nnu;3)p
I'^He rescued me from my enemy so strong. 'jnj?"' nl-i)3D n'û;"' 17
From foes too mighty for me. :U'>'ir\ Dijan ""JU^ni
me on my day of calamity,
'"^They attacked
TV ^n^KW 'j'?"'^:' IS
But the Lord was my stay.

20He brought me out to freedom.
He rescued me because He was pleased with
me.
2'The Lord rewarded me according to my "nK 3n-i?3'7 Ky''i2o
merit.
He requited the cleanness of my hands. ••ri 171^3 r[yr['', ''t?.PV.-^
22For I have kept the ways of the Lord

•.'h
y^î ""T i33
And have not been guilty before my God;
mn"- 'Dii TTiJpu; •3 2:
231 am mindful of all His rules
And have not departed from His laws.
g Pi. 18.8 "mountains."

hh Ps. 18.11 "Gliding."
i I.e., the enemies in v. 4.
j Cf.v.5.
696
— —
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 22.40 33 n '7Ki?3u; n^Ki3j
241 have been blameless before Him,

And have guarded myself against sinning
25And the Lord has requited my merit,
According to my purity in His sight.
26With the loyal You deal loyally;

lonnn Tpn-DV26
With the blameless hero,*^ blamelessly.
27With the pure You act in purity,
And with the perverse You are wily. "innn -inrnv2'

28To humble folk You give victory,
'-And You look with scorn on the haughty.-' yiu/in îv nvrixi 28
29You, O Lord, are my lamp;

The Lord lights up my darkness.
mn^ n''j nnK"^3 29
30With You, I can rush a barrier,'"
:''3u;n '!vp_ mn""!
With my God, I can scale a wall.
3iThe way of God is perfect,
ina ynK *n5n •'330
The word of the Lord is pure.
He is a shield to all who take refuge in Him. 13T1 D^nn '7Kn3i

32Yea, who is a god except the Lord,
Who is a rock except God? :i3 n^Dnn ^:ib Kin \m
33The God, "-my mighty stronghold,-"
Who kept'' my path secure;
34Who made my legs like a deer's,
b^n ^rwy^ '?Kn33
And set me firm on theP heights;
35Who trained my hands for battle.
:"'3"!1 iD-n '?pn -in:?"!
So that my arms can bend a bow of bronze! nl'p^Ka 'h'>r\ vbx^ mu;n 34
36You have granted me the shield of Your
protection r\rivhii^h n^ 1)2^)335
q-And Your providence has made me great.-'? pny-iT nu/inrnu/j?. nnji
37You have let me stride on freely,
qyi^î '[m "''7-]nrn. 36
And my feet have not slipped.
381 pursued my enemies and wiped them out,
I did not turn back till I destroyed them.
•'jrinn nyy n-'n-in 37
391 destroyed them, I struck them down; :"'Vp1i7 nvn K^l
They rose no more, they lay at my feet. DTpu/Ki '^•'K naîK38

40You have me with strength
girt for battle,
Brought low my foes before me, DynDKT D^3KT39

*: Ps. 18.26 "man."
."h-n nnn ^bB'>^ pipip^ kî
"And lower Your eyes on the haughty"; Ps. 18.28 "But
l-l Lit.
nnn^j3^ b^n *"';inTrn.4o
haughty eyes You humble."
m Cf. posthiblical êdudiyyoth "walls," Aramaic guddi, "wall."
n-n Ps. 18.33 "who girded me with might."
Meaning of Heb. uncertain; Ps. 18.33 "made."

p Taking bamothai as a poetic form o/bamoth; cf Hab. 3.19; •n T'H'' V. 30.
others "my." 'K non V. 40.

q-q Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
697
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 22.41 nD nb'Kinu; n^KUJ
4 'Made my enemies turn tail before me,
My foes —and I wiped them out.
't2They looked/but there was none to deHver;

To the Lord, but He answered them not.
:Djy kî mn"'-'7K
'Î pounded them Uke dust of the earth.
y-iK"iDi73 ni7n\^Ki43
Stamped, crushed them Hke dirt of the streets.
•''*You have rescued me from the strife of peo-
*i73i7 -innip •'ju'7Qrn.44
ples,^
f-Kept me to be' a ruler of nations;

Peoples I knew not must ser\'e me.
45Aliens have cringed before me. '^-i\:;n3n;' idj 'J345
Paid me homage at the mere report of me.
•*6Aliens have lost courage
iVî "I3J 'J3 46
q-And come trembling out of their fast-
:nni"iAp)3n nan;?")
nesses.'?
47The Lord lives! Blessed is my rock!
Exalted be God, the rock

Who me victory;
gives
48The God who has vindicated me

'h nni7J ]n':in '7Kn4«
And made peoples subject to me,
:"'jrinn a^^y nnim
•''^Rescued me from my enemies.
''3"'K)3 'K"'y1)3T49
Raised me clear of my foes.
Saved me from lawless men!
sopor this sing Your praise among
I the na- :">j'7"'Yn D"'p)pn ^î^y2
tions n"'lJ3 mn"" ^Hk ]3-'7y 50
And hymn Your name:

51 "Tower of victory" to His king,
br\m
13^D n'\vw'>, b^-[-m 51
Who deals graciously with His anointed,

irTii^n^ -Fpn-nt^yi
With David and his offspring evermore.
3 : D'7ly-";y lyiTî iTh
23 These are the last words of David: D^nnKH ^^r^ nm h'^kt :\D
"The utterance of David son of Jesse,
The utterance of the man ''set on high,'' bv Uy)r\ i3jn n.KJi

The anointed of the God of Jacob, npv "'n'7K n'lU^D
r Pj. 18.42 "cried." u^^ -uv inK nv^n^ .n-<nv yvvm in-iac »•. 4-<.
i So some mss. and the Sepluagini; most mss. and the printed
editions "my people."
t-t Ps. 18.44 "made me."
u-u Kethib and Ps. 18.51 read "He accords wondrous victories."
a Meaning of much of this poem (i-v. 1-71 uncertam.

b-b 4QSam' reads "God raised up."
698
—
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 23.10 J3 n '7K1?3\y n^'Ninj
c-The favorite of the songs of Israel:-*^
2The spirit of the Lord has spoken through \^—inT mn^ nn^
me,
'.-'^Wb-bv '\nbm
His message is on my tongue;
3The God of Israel has spoken,
bK-w^ "ny nni ''b
The Rock of Israel said concerning me:
"He who rules men justly,
p''"iY DiKn ^'7U7ln
He who rules in'^ awe of God :n''nb'K *nK-!^ "û/in
4Is like the light of morning at sunrise, u;)p\f;-n"!T'' -ij^'in "liKpT ^
A morning without clouds niny i2 5
For He has granted me an eternal pact,
Drawn up in full and secured. -'b up ub'w nnn^-'s
Will He not cause all my success r[^)2]u^ 'Van nnnv
And [my] every desire to blossom? yQn-'7D') ivp->-b:2-''2
6But the wicked shall all -.wm-^ >^'?"^?
Be raked aside like thorns; ylpa bv^b:i^6

For no one will take them in his hand.
nrib2 im
^Whoever touches them
:ini?^ -rp K^-^B
Must arm himself with iron
And the shaft of a spear;

nnn yp 'u7''ki ^
And they must be burned up on the spot. bn^. Kbr^''
8These are the names/ of David's warriors:

Josheb-basshebeth, a Tahchemonite, the chief
officer —he is Adino the Eznite; ^[he wielded nu;""'
-]'\'fp
-iu;k nnnAn nm\u n^Ks
his spear] -i' against eight hundred ''-and slew
Kin ''Vjb\^ri U7Kh i "'p^ânn nn\irn
them-'' on one occasion.
nlKD npvj-bv ""JWD 1^^^^ ''^'1^
9Next to him was Eleazar son of Dodo son
of Ahohi.He was one of the three warriors with D avpn '7'7n
:rinK iHK
David when they defied the Philistines gathered -]n liM m-]n ity^K innKT nnKT9
there for battle. The Israelite soldiers retreated, ni"i-av D^'i'^^n ann^ r]^Jbp'2. •nnK
lobut he held his ground. He struck down Phil- nr^nbiTib uxlj-^^vki u^rwubB:^ ^.ÎD?
istines until his arm grew tired and his hand 1)^1 Dj? Kin 10 : bii'W-' ii^^x ^b:;/>_}
stuck to his sword; and the Lord wrought a

ly n'lnu/^B?
\i1 pnnriT li^ nyp-'S i
c-c Or "The favorite oj the Mighty One of Israel"; cf Exod. 15.2.

Others "The sweet singer of Israel."
"
d many Heb. mss. Most mss. and the printed editions lack "in.
So "DKT'n" inK noun v. 3.
e-e Meaning of Heb. uncertain,

f A number of these names, with variations, are found in 1 Chron.
II and 27.
g-g Preserved in 1 Chron. 1 1. 11; similarly some Septuagint mss.

of 2 Sam.
699 h-h Lit. "stain."
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 23.10 JD n bi<,^^n\u n^x-'n^
great victory that day. Then the troops came -^K innK inu/^ Dvn") Kinn uv:^
back to him — but only to strip [the slain].
"Next to him was Shammah son of Age the
Ararite. The Philistines had gathered ''-in force''

where there was a plot of ground full of lentils;
: u^npb^ ""JQip DJ nyrn wîJiv n^br^
and the troops fled from the Philistines. '^But
T|=''i n'7"'y:'i ni7'7nn-T|in3 :i^'>n'') 12
[Shammah] took his stand in the middle of the
plot and defended it, and he routed the Philis-
tines. Thus the Lord wrought a great victory. D : r[b'\-[},
'3''-Once, during the harvest,'' three of the \yKn w^jbwn-D r[\ijbp dû/'û; ni""! 13
thirty chiefs went down to David at the cave'
of Adullam, while a force of Philistines was en-

:D-'KQ"! pnvn nln D-'nw'^s nini
camped in the Valley of Rephaim. ''David was
TK wrwubB :i^m nniyjan tk -rni n
theninthestronghold,'andaPhilistinegarrison
was then at Bethlehem. ''^David felt a craving
and said, "If only I could get a drink of water

from the cistern which is by the gate of Beth- DnnAH n\u'b\u lyp^nif- nv!^'?
lehem!" •''So the three warriors got through the -iK'np b'')p-inKu;;'"! wrwub^ njnnn
Philistine camp and drew water from the cistern iKn^T iKt^""! nv^? "^^>< nn^-n"';i
which is by the gate of Bethlehem, and they car-
ried it back. But when they brought it to David
nin"" ^b °n^-''7n inKni" •.nyn'>b
he would not drink it, and he poured it out as
W'^bnri bû/JKH nnn riK't Ti'u/i/a
a libation to the Lord. '
''For he said, "The Lord
forbid that I should do this! Can [I drink]/ the
wv nbK Dninu;^ nnK Kb) unw^n
blood of the men who went at the risk of their
lives?" So he would not drink it. Such were the Kin n'jny-in nKi"> 1 ""nK w^:ik) is
exploits of the three warriors. -jiK nniy Kini nîfbMJn ^wbwn \ui<'^
'**Abishai, the brother of Joab son of Zeruiah, DU7-l'7i '^'^n nlKJ3 \ubp-bv in-ijii
was head of ^ânother three. -*^ He once wielded
-riiDJ ""Dn nu;'Wri-]?p 1^ :nu;''7W3
'n;'"!
his spear against three hundred ''and slew
D : kd-k"? n\ubw'ri-iv'\ '^)^b nn"?
them.-'' ''^He won a name among the three;'
since he was the most highly regarded among

the three,' he became their leader. However, he \2\LJ riK nijn Kin "^Kynjpp u'^b:jp
did not attain to the three. nnKH-riK nsm ii^ Kim nKiD "^kik
2f'Benaiah son of Jehoiada, from Kabzeel, was -Kim ^1 -.ybwri Dvn -ik^h -înn nKn
"'a brave soldier'" who performed great deeds. nk'in w-'K -IU7K nyn w^ktik hdh
He killed the two ''[sons] of Ariel of Moab.'"
Once, on a snowy day, he went down into a pit
and killed a lion. -'He also killed an Fg)'ptian,
I Sci note al I Sam. 22. 1.
j So SepluaginI anil I Chron. 11.19.

kk Two Heb. mss. anil ,S)Ti<if read "lite thirty"; cf. v\: 2.^24.
"
I Imcndatton yields "thirty.
nitii lleb. "the ioti of a brave ioldier."
^ J
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 24.2 13 n ^7X1)31:7 iK-'nj
a huge" man. The Egyptian had a spear in his un\£75 vbK "rnî n^'iiri 'nyân iiiii
hand, yet [Benaiah] went

with a club, wrenched the spear out of the Egyp-
down against him im-|ri:'l nyjan ™ n-'jnn-nK "^'tpi
yiîn^-l^ in^jn ntz/y n^K22 nn-'jna

tian's hand, and killed him with his own spear.
"IP 23 :Dn33iri nufbû:! u/n'?')
22Such were the exploits of Benaiah son of Je-
Kn-K'7 r]^jb\i^r\-bK) lipj u^\ub\uri
hoiada; and he won a name among the three'
warriors. 23He was highly regarded among the

thirty, but he did not attain to the three. David
put him in charge of his bodyguard. ]jn'7K u^pb]ij:i nKl-'-'fiK bK-n\uv24
Kp^^K nnnn n)3u; 25 nn^ n^^ ^'V']'^ :
24Among the thirty were Asahel, the brother

-]n Kyv ''vbBTi v^n26 d :"'"i'inrT
of Joab; Elhanan son of Dodo [from] Beth-
'nh^yn hTi7"'nK27 d pylpnn u/jp.v
lehem, 25Shammah the Harodite, Elika the
TinKn ']ln^V28 d :"'ri\f;nri •'nn
Harodite, 26Helez the Paltite, Ira son of Ikkesh
from Tekoa, 27Abiezer of Anathoth, Mebunnai
my3-]n n^n29 d :^riDu^n nnp
the Hushathite, 28Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai '>n nv:im "'nn-jn ^'riK d 'nauan
the Netophathite, 29Heleb son of Baanah the ^bn^r; îri "'J'nyis in'^jn 30 d : ])p^n
Netophathite, Ittai son of Ribai from Gibeah ninTvnnnyripn'py-'nKsi d :\uvy.
of the Benjaminites, 30Benaiah of Pirathon, "jn 'p^y\i7nKnn^'7K32 o t^pniiiri

Hiddai of Nahale-gaash, ^lAbi-albon the
'iinn n)3U7 33 D noîn'' ]}iJi
Arbathite, Azmaveth the Barhumite, 32Eliahba
ub'a"''7K 34 D :
'"IIKH THI^'llH DKTIK
of Shaalbon, sons of ''Jashen, Jonathan,''
33Shammah the Ararite, Ahiam son of Sharar

nv^K
-]3 D 'riDy)3ri-]n '3pnK-]n
the Ararite, ^Êljphelet son of Ahasbai son of

nyn i-iyn35 d -.îb^ri '7Q'rT'nK
the Maacathite, Eliam son of Ahithophel the -]3 '7Kr 36 D : 'snisn n.i/a "'^p-ian
Gilonite, ^SHezrai the Carmelite, Paarai the p^Y 37 D : "î^ri 'Jii D nny)p )n^
Arbite, 36lgal son of Nathan from Zobah, Bani
the Gadite, 37Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai the
nrr'n k^v 38 d : nny-]^ nKV \^3
— the arms-bearer of Joab
Beerothite son of
'rinn nniK39 d :nn^ri nna
Zeruiah — the ^sjra Gareb the Ithrite, Ithrite,
b''3
39Uriah the Hittite: thirty-seven in all.o
24 !"The anger of the Lord again'' flared up bKip'>:2. nlnn"? n']n;'-tiK î^d^ I
against Israel; and He incited David against mn "^b iriKb bn^ "ti.^TiK nw^
them, saying, "Go and number Israel and Ju-
"^bi^ri i)3K='"! 2 : niin^-riKi '7K~iU7Tni<
dah." 2The king said to Joab, '-his army com-
Meaning of Heb. uncertain. 1 Chron. 11.23 reads "a giant of a

man."
Septiiagint and 1 Chron. 11 differ from the foregoing lists in w.
8-38, and from each other in the number and forms of the names.
This chapter is also found, with some variations, in 1 Chron.

21.1-7.
Cf above 21.1-14.
701
NF.vi'iM 2 SAMUEL 24.2 n3 n "^Kinw D-'K-'nj
mander,-' "Make the rounds of all the tribes of
Israel, from Dan to Beer-sheba, and take a cen-
sus of the people, so that I may know the size
of the population." -''Joab answered the king,

"May the Lord your God increase the number
of the people a hundredfold, while your own
eyes see it! But why should my lord king want
this?" -iHowever, the king's command to Joab iHTH "in^n ysn nn^ "^^^^^ ""Ji^l
and to the officers of the army remained firm;
and Joab and the officers of the army set out, q^)3ri 'Jq'p '7^nn ntz;T :\kv kyî b^nri
at the instance of the king, to take a census of :
'7K"jt:;"'-nK nvn-riK -ip^b
the people of Israel.
''They crossed the lordan and ''encamped at
Aroer, on the right side of the town, which is

D^nnn yiN-'7Ki nii^b^ri iK'n^Tf-
in the middle of the wadi of Gad, and'' [went
on] to Jazer. ^They continued to Gilead and to
the region of 'Tahtim-hodshi, and they came •inn "'ny-'^Di iy-iynn iK'nî'
to Dan-jaan and around to'Sidon. "They went nK3 nnin^ nAr'^K w^f,""! "•JVJsrn
onto the fortress of Tyre and all the towns of
the Hivites and Canaanites, and finished at

iDû/n^ nv nnt/yi °T10 "î^^ri
Beer-sheba in southern Judah. ^They traversed
the whole country, and then they came back to
ci^K nlK)? ninu; bkip-' Mni Ti^nn
lerusalem at the end of nine months and twenty
days. "^loab reported to the king the number of -mn nnin^ u/^kt nnn ^b'û'b-in-û^tf,
the people that had been recorded: in Israel
there were 800,000 soldiers ready to draw the

sword, and the men of Judah numbered "riKun nin"'-'7K iit "ink''") d oyn
500,000. Krinyn nin"" nnvT TTiU/y "i\:;k ik^
'"But afterward David 'reproached himself'
for having numbered the people. And David

irbii HM nin^-iniT "ij^'nn ni
said to the Lord, "I have sinned grievously in
what I have done. Please, O Lord, remit the guilt

of Your servant, for I have acted foolishly." bv^^ 'DJK \ubuj rrin"' inx hd -ii-i-'7K
"When David rose in the morning, the word

of the Lord had come to the prophet Gad, Da-
vid's seer: i2"Go and tell David, Thus said the
Lord: I hold three things over you; choose one

of them, and 1 will bring it upon you.'" '-'Gad
c-c I Chron. 21.2 reiuii "ami to the offtcen of the army"; cf. hetow
V. 4.
d-ii Some SeptuaginI ma. read "began at ,-\riiiT, atui from the
town, which is... dad, they:'

f-f See note at I Sam. 24.6.
702
"

13 1 '7K1?3U; niK'':nj
came to David and told him; he asked, "Shall 1^ -ITpK"! 1^-1^?1 l^X^ irKn;--! 13
a seven-year famine come upon you in the land,
îriKî I ni7-i i
n-'ptp yn\y ^> Kinnn
or shall you be in flight from your adversaries
for three months while they pursue you, or shall
there be three days of pestilence in your land?
Now consider carefully what reply I shall take

back to Him who sent me." i4David said to Gad, ^^"ly nr'7K in 1)3kîi4 d nni
"I am in great distress. Let us fall into the hands inn-i n^;n-i-'3 nin^-Tn Krn^3j iku
of the Lord, for His compassion is great; and
let me not fall into the hands of men."^
""iVi li^'nri)? '^K-jtf/i^ nni mn;' ]r\'>) 15
iSThe Lord sent a pestilence upon Israel
from
morning ^-until the set time;'? and 70,000 of the
IT ^nb\u1^ le : u/ik t^bK n^v:i\ij ynii?
people died, from Dan to Beer-sheba. i6But
when the angel extended his
mn;" DmîVrnnu/V^nû/nT "^K^Tan
hand against Je-
1
rusalem to destroy it, the Lord renounced fur-

ther punishment and said to the angel who was
destroying the people, "Enough! Stay your D ^v'2'>r[ njnKri m-nxn inrnv
:
n'ri
hand!" The angel of the Lord was then by the
threshing floor ofAraunah the Jebusite. ^When
1
^pjK nin h)pKî nvn n^jpn 1
•^Kbtpri
David saw the angel who was striking down the
people, he said to the Lord, "I alone am guilty,
I alone have done wrong; but these poor sheep,
what have they done? Let Your hand inK'n Kirrn ni^n i^x^k irK'nîis
fall upon
me and my father's house!" n^j-iK jn^-i niijn mn-'^ ni7,rT h^y i"?
iSGad came to David the same day and said

to him, "Go and set up an altar to the Lord
"rr-ini3 Hn ^^5119 t-ipn^rT mm
i<l!T njp.K ^\p,p^^ 20 :
r[y[i my iyjK2
on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebus- vbv nnnV inny-riKi ^"^^^rT-nK
Ky:'i
ite."
tions, as the
i9David went up, following Gad's instruc-
Lord had commanded. 20Araunah
:ny^K vsK i]^)3^ inni^'T m™
looked out and saw the king and his courtiers
^^)3ri-'™ Kn m)2 njinx i?3K';i2i
approaching him.^ So Araunah went out and -riK -jiipv)? nlJi7> ih -i^Kî lpi;-'7K
bowed low to the king, with his face to the npmn -lyyni mn-iyniTn nijn> pAn
ground. 2iAnd Araunah asked, "Why has my ti^-'tk h:)'ii<^ n^K^"!22 -.uvn '7VJ?
lord the king come to his servant?" ^L,j2pj t^^,^
David re- T>Jii7Ti ^j,y-i -^.iup, nj--f^ p^j^,
plied, "To buy the threshing floor from you, that
I may build an altar to the Lord and that the
plague against the people may be checked."
22And Araunah said to David, "Let my lord the
king take it and offer up whatever he sees fit.
g Septuagint adds "So David chose the pestilence. It was the time
of the wheat harvest.
h 4QSam' and 1 Chron. 21.20 add "Araunah {Oman} was
threshing wheat."
703
NEVi'iM 2 SAMUEL 24.22 -12 n '7Kinu; d-'k-'^j
Here are oxen for a burnt offering, and the

threshing boards and the gear of the oxen for '^^rp'n miiK ]rij Van 23 -.wyvb
wood. -Âll this, ^'O king,-^' Araunah gives to
Your Majesty. And may the Lord your God,"

Araunah added, "respond to you with favor!"
-•iBut the king replied to Araunah, "No, I will
buy them from you at a price. I cannot sacrifice

nrn^b nbiJK i<b^ TTipn "^nlK)? mpK
to the Lord my (iod burnt offerings that have ni\n-nK ni ]i7='"!
n^n niVy 'ribi^
cost me nothing." So David bought the thresh-

ing floor and the oxen for fifty shekels of silver. nl'7V "7^.1 niH"''? nnm n."i u\u p^T 25
25And David built there an altar to the Lord

and sacrificed burnt offerings and offerings of
well-being. The Lord responded to the plea for
the land, and the plague against Israel was

checked.
nb'iy Kmn ^k"? "nb^nn ub\u:^ nn
704
K Vi^t
1 KINGS
J. King David was now old, advanced in years;
and though they covered him with bedclothes,
K
he never felt warm. ^His courtiers said to him,
nînn nnyj '^'p^n ^n^b w'p'2.''
"Let a young virgin be sought for my lord the
njDb i^-vm ^^m '33^ ^l^pyi
king, to wait upon Your Majesty and be his
attendant;" and let her lie in your bosom, and

bi<'^p^ b'îA b'D:! ns^ nnya îz/pn-'Ts
my lord the king will be warm." ^So they looked
for a beautiful girl throughout the territory of
Israel. They found Abishag the Shunammite
and brought her to the king. -iThe girl was iib '^b't2rl^ ^nnnu/rii nj3D "q^ja^ vni
exceedingly beautiful. She became the king's
attendant" and waited upon him; but the king
was not intimate with her.

•JK 'i)2i<.b Kmn'D n-'jin-in h^^Jikts
D^lirpni D"'U;-)pT IDT ^b U7v;i"! "q^pK

5Now Adonijah son of Haggith ''-went about
boasting,-^ "I will be king!" He provided himself
with chariots and horses,*^ and an escort of fifty
outrunners. ^His father had never scolded him: nnx nibi iriKi ix?3 nKir^lu
"Why did you do that?" He was the one born
after Absalom'^ and, like him, was very hand-

some.
-.nipK nriK ntv!'! ]ri'2r[ nnpK
''He conferred with Joab son of Zeruiah and
]njT yTin^-]n in^ni ]ri3n pnîs
v^th the priest Abiathar, and they supported
Adonijah; ^but the priest Zadok, Benaiah son
of Jehoiada, the prophet Nathan, Shimei and ]KY in^™ nnT"! ")
:in;jjnK-Dv vri i<b
Rei, and David's own fighting men did not side

with Adonijah. Âdonijah made a sacrificial "^biQri ^n i''nK-'73-nK K'ip^'i bp y^
feast of sheep, oxen, and fatlings at the Zoheieth -riK} 10 -pbr^ri nny rrvin'' w:K-b^b^
stone which is near En-rogel; he invited all his
brother princes'" and all the king's courtiers of
a Meaning ofHeb. uncertain,

b-b Or "presumed to think."
c Others "horsemen"; meaning of Heb. parash(im) not always
certain,
d Thus, Absalom having died, Adonijah was David's oldest living
e Lit. "all his brothers sons of the king.'
705
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 1.9 K KD"'3'7)3 D^K^nj
the tribe of Judah; 'obut he did not invite the
prophet Nathan, or Benaiah, or the fighting :K"ii7 i<b vnK riribv)

men, or his brother Solomon.
"Then Nathan said to Bathsheba, Solomon's
mother, "You must have heard that Adonijah
son of Haggith has assumed the kingship with-
out the knowledge of our lord David. 12Now
take my advice, so that you may save your life
I iK'm ''5'7i3 :ritib\ij t|J3 u/nrriKT
and the life of your son Solomon. '-''Go imme- nriK-K'pn vb^ nnnxT niT -I'pxDn-'?^
diately to King David and say to him, 'Did not

you, O lord king, swear to your maidservant: nu/:" K^r\^ nriK Tj^n^ \\n riiibp-^:^
"Your son Solomon shall succeed me as king,
nini^ :in"jJiK ^'7)3 vîm 'kd3-'7V
and he shall sit upon my throne"? Then why has
Adonijah become king?' •''While you are still
:"T]nni-nK "'nx'^m TinriK
there talking with the king, I will come in after
you and contirm your words." niinn T|^}3n-'7K vnu;-nn Knnii?

'^So Bathsheba went to the king in his n"')3Ji\i;n Au;"'nK} iKp ]p,T ^^b•)3^^^
chamber. —The king was very old, and Abishag i75\i;-n5 I'ipm. '^ :T|^)an-nK nnu/p
the Shunammite was waiting on the king. :TlV-nn ^^)3rT nDKî ^br^b innu/rri
"^Bathsheba bowed low in homage to the king;
and the king asked, "What troubles you?" '^She

'ib)2-' T|jn n>3'7u;-'3 "^riTpK^ "^''h'tk
answered him, "My lord, you yourself swore to
your maidservant by the Lord your God: 'Your
mn nnv"! '**
-^^^V^'^V ^P"". ><ini ""inK
son Solomon shall succeed me as king, and he

iib T|^^n "iJiK *nnv'i •q'7n n^nK
shall sit upon my throne.' "^Yet now Adonijah nnb' ~]K2fVKn)3i ^^w n3pfi9 -.nvii
has become king, and you/ my lord the king, ]n3n hnpK^T ^b'^n "'J^-'^d'? K-ip^'T
know nothing about it. ''^He has prepared a Kb -^^nv n't2b\ub^ Knyn ^îu 2i<^b^
sacrificial feast of a great many oxen, fatlings,
-b2 '^'?^n ',™ nnKV
'j-'v :K-)i7
and sheep, and he has invited all the king's sons ip Dnb? tah"?
-b:j nu;^ '^•'bv bK'ivj^
and Abiathar the priest and Joab commander
n3u;3 n^mî :innK "q^^n-inK kd3
of the army; but he has not invited your servant
Solomon. -"And so the eyes of all Israel are upon
you, O lord king, to tell them who shall succeed :D''Kun riribMJ
my lord the king on the throne. -'Otherwise,

when my lord the king lies down with his fa- mn inx'? ~i^^^ î^p_) :3 : Kn ^•'2:171
thers, my son Solomon and I will be regarded

as traitors."
--She was still talking to the king when the
prophet Nathan arrived. -Hhey announced to
the king, "The prophet Nathan is here," and he
"
f So many msi. and ancient versiom; usual cditiom "now. •nriKT inn nonaa » is
706
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 1.35 K K W^blZ a^K^nj
entered the king's presence. Bowing low to the

king with his face to the ground, 24Nathan said,
"O lord king, syou must have said,-« 'Adonijah rnnx nriK •>pK
î^jp^ ^n^jJiK "^biQ-n
shall succeed me as king and he shall sit upon
TV I
'3 25 :iKp3-'7V 31^;' Kim niiK
my throne.' 25For he has gone down today and
prepared a sacrificial feast of a great many oxen,
fatlings, and sheep. He invited all the king's sons
nnpKî î<:i^ri n.tf/b'T "^brpn ''p-b:2b
and the army officers and Abiathar the priest. npK"=jl v:^b n^n\u^ "'^p'k u^m ]r('2'r[
At this very moment they are eating and drink-
ing with him, and they are shouting, 'Long live
King Adonijah!' 26But he did not invite me your hK53 uk27 :K"ii7 Kb ^'iny rir^bwb)
servant, or the priest Zadok, or Benaiah son of
'rivi'in Kb) nTn in^n mnj "^br^n ^pK
Jehoiada, or your servant Solomon. -^Can this
-^pK Ky)'2-bv 2p'>, 'p •^'inv inny-riK
decision have come from my lord the king,
without your telling your servant who is to suc-
ceed to the throne of my lord the king?"

-nn"? '^"lK"!p 'M2K^) Ip "q^53n ]i7^T 28
28KingDavid'sresponsewas:"SummonBath-
sheba!" She entered the king's presence and mnT^n ^^pi<'>^ "^bipri v^\^'>^29 :':\by^n
stood before the king. 29And the king took an '3 30 :n-iy-'73p 'iârriK n"i3nu7K
oath, saying, "As the Lord lives, who has res- 'bK^Ûj^ 'n'7K n)r[^:^ ^^ 'nv^^J°"i^K3
cued me from every trouble: 30The oath swore I
Kini n.nx Tj'pn^ ^"qn ri'dbp-^'^ inx'?
to you by the Lord, the God of Israel, that your
nl^n niuvK ]3 ^3 ^nnn ^KV^-bv nu/^
son Solomon should succeed me as king and
that he should sit upon my throne in my stead, ^yi^k b^QK ynuz-nn iprn.3i :n;Tn
I will fulfill this very day!" 3iBathsheba bowed

low in homage to the king with her face to the
ground, and she said, "May my lord King David p^'^:(b '^"wnp ip "^by^ri i "i)3k=;"!32
live forever!" vi^ln^-]3 imn"?! K-'n^n ]nP^ ^]ri3n

32Then King David said, "Summon to me the nnb' "^bi^ri ^^rii<^^ a -pbr^ri \:i^b wn^T
priest Zadok, the prophet Nathan, and Benaiah
bnnsnm 3^'nK 'iny-nx b3?2V inf?
son of lehoiada." When they came before the
'^-n\^K n"n-i3n-'7V ""in riiibp-nK
king, 33the king said to them, "Take ''my loyal
soldiers,-'' and have my son Solomon ride on in'K n\LJmi4 :]inr'7K in'K Drrnim
my mule and bring him down to Gihon. 34Let
the priest Zadok and the prophet Nathan anoint nnnipKi -iDlw3 bnvprn b^-^w^-b:;
him there king over Israel, whereupon you shall K31 T'nriK an^'py"! 35 : riribp "^bi^ri ^ni
sound the horn and shout, 'Long live King Sol-
inKi Kim
•'jinri Tj'7n'' 'Kp3-'7V ^Pl)
omon!' 35Then march up after him, and let him
-bv) bK'^p'>-bv T'iiJ rii-'n'? ^'>n^\^
come in and sit on my throne. For he shall suc-
ceed me as king; him I designate to be ruler of 'nîiK' i^vum ini^D v. 31.
g-g Or (cf. Rashi, Ralhag, Radak) "have you said...?"

h-h Lit. "your lord's men."
707
NLvTiM 1 KINGS 1.35 K K W>2br2 D''K->nj
Israel and ludah." -'^Benaiah son of Jehoiada -HK yi^lrf-in in^jn IV"!^^ :n"iin''
spoke up and said to the king, "Amen! And may ->ribii. r[)r[-> ii2k^ ]3 jpK i "d^k'"") T|'773rT
the Lord, the God of my lord the king, so or- "i\^K3 37 .•]bi2ri •'jik
-QV )i)rT> 7]'>r[
dain. -^"As the Lord was with my lord the king,

ri)2b\u-uv n-j.n;' •'n-> ]3 "^^jan ""nK
so may He be with Solomon; and may He exalt
his throne even higher than the throne of my
lord King David."
38Then the priest Zadok, and the prophet Na- ^^['>n^ K^n^n ]nji ]ri2n pn^ ii","! 38
than, and Benaiah son of Jehoiada went down -riK ni)")""! 'Ji'^Qm TnBrn yTln-i-in
with the Gherethites and the Pelethites. They
had Solomon ride on King David's mule and np-riK inan pm 'ni?""!
3v :]inr'7V
they led him to Gihon. ^^The priest Zadok took
riribp-nK npn") brikr[-]'n ]n^ri
the horn of oil from the Tent and anointed Sol-
'rr' nV'7''73 nDK"! nalw^ lypn"!
omon. They sounded the horn and all the peo-
v-iriK hvri-b^ ^bv']^ i" : ritibv; "^b^pri
ple shouted, "Long live King Solomon!" -I'Âll
the people then marched up behind him, play-

D^nnti/T u^bbr\:i "'^^'pnn nyni
ing on flutes and making merry till the earth .ub'\p:i yiKH yj^nrri nb'n; nn?pw
was split open by the uproar.
lu/K b''i<-ii?n-'7D'i m^™ ynu/""]-'!
"Adonijah and all the guests who were with

-riK nxr ynu/"! Vdk^ ^^3 nm iriK
him, who had just finished eating, heard it.
nnpn-'7ii7 ymp "ipi<'^l "isit^^n b'\p
When Joab heard the sound of the horn, he said,
"Why is the city in such an uproar?" 42He was
]3 ]n:iv mm "inin ^nwi'- :nnln
still speaking when the priest Jonathan son of

"S K3 in^JiK inK''"! K3 ]n'3n nnpx
Abiathar arrived. "Come in," said Adonijah. injv iv^l 43 :-iti73n niuT nriK '7\n \:7''k
"You are a worthy man, and you surely bring in-'^'pTari mii<. '73K imiiK^ "iJ?^""!
good news." ^-^But Jonathan replied to Adoni-

jah, "Alas, our lord King David has made Sol- K^njn inrriKT in3n pny-riK "^bi^n
omon king! '*-*The king sent with him the priest
"•n'^sm 'rn.3m VTlm-in in^jm
Zadok and the prophet Nathan and Benaiah son
inwjp^l i? : '^b'B'ri n'r^B bv iriK i33-i:''!
of Jehoiada, and the Gherethites and Pelethites.
-]b'bb K"'33n °"[njT ]n3n pny ihk
They had him ride on the king's mule, -iSand
the priest Zadok and the prophet Nathan ^[l^^]^^l annT n^nnu; u\LJy2 ^by''^ ]iniî
anointed him king at Gihon. Then they came 2uji mi 4^ :Dnynu; "iwk b^^ri Kin
up from there making merry, and the city went IKil-D^Vi" :n3l'7?3rT KD3 b)} ri}jb]u
into an uproar. That's the noise you heard. 1T1 -\by2ri IJiJlK-HK T|n3V"^'7K3n ^12V
^•'Further, Solomon seated himself on the royal
n\^-nK n-'rT'7K ynbt< nu"'"' inK"?
throne; ^"further, the king's courtiers came to
TiKD3n lKD3-nK biy^) -^nMJt^ riribu;
congratulate our lord King David, saying, 'May
God make the renown of Solomon even greater
ro8
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 2.5 3 Kn"'D'7n Q^Kîj
than yours, and may He exalt his throne even

higher than yours!' And the king bowed low on bk-]p'> ^TibK nin-; -^nn -^br^n i)3k
his couch. 48And further, this is what the king
said, 'Praised be the Lord, the God of Israel who
n"'K"ii7n-'73 inpî nim"i49 :nlK""i
has this day provided a successor to my throne,
while my own eyes can see it.'" "I'^Thereupon,
"^bh np^'>^ ririb\u 'jQp xn^ in^nKTso
all of Adonijah's guests rose in alarm and each
went his own way. nn''7\i7'7 iPTsi :nnT73n ninpn pTn''T
soAdonijah, in fear of Solomon, went at once l'7}3rT-nK xn^ in^nx n^n ~\72i<,b
[to the Tent] and grasped the horns of the altar. "I'jbxynnmn nlnpn thk mnf n'jpbi;;
5ilt was reported to Solomon: "Adonijah is in iTiip^-nK riiiibx;; "^bi^r^ hv2 ''b-V2\^'!
fear of King Solomon and has grasped the horns
of the altar, sa)dng, 'Let King Solomon first
nynx innvt^^P ^^^'i<b '^"'n-]^^ njn';
swear to me that he will not put his servant to
nbm-o^ :npT in-Kyjpri nyynK")
the sword.'" 52Solomon said, "If he behaves
worthily, not a hair of his head shall fall to the xn^l nimn bvr? \'r[iy) Tii2b\LJ "^br^n
ground; but if he is caught in any offense, he ri'bbp l^"i)3Kî niibp tints'? inni^""!
shall die." 53So King Solomon sent and had him 3 :'^n^nb7 "^b
taken down from the altar. He came and bowed
before King Solomon, and Solomon said to
him, "Go home."
A^ When David's life was drawing to a close,
he instructed his son Solomon as follows: 2"I rv^^

TO^ 'q'?n •'3JK2 -.-{yivb Ijn
am going the way of all the earth; be strong and :U7-'K^ n"rn riprm y-iKrT-'73
show yourself a man. -''Keep the charge of the
'^fp'i^ mn"' I nnpu/p-riK n"in\f7"i3
Lord your God, walking in His ways and fol-
vriy^yi T'^'pn ~\mjb VD-jin r\2bb
lowing His laws. His commandments, His rules,
and His admonitions as recorded in the Teach-
rwn niin3 mns? vn'Tryi TiyEJU/pi
ing of Moses, in order that you may succeed in riKT nti/yn i^K-'â riK b'^^^rs \vrib
whatever you undertake and wherever you turn. riy:^, D^p^ îvt?"? ^ .-niz; msri n^K-'73
4Then the Lord will fulfill the promise that He -DK nnK"? '^'bv nn"! -iu;k iin^-nx
made concerning me: 'If your descendants are \^b jid'?^ Dsn'i-nK "^'yi I'^JP^;'
scrupulous in their conduct, and walk before
Me faithfully, with all their heart and soul,
: ^k"iu;t Kp3 bvri vj^k ^"^b nns^-k'p
«-your line on the throne of Israel shall never
end!'-«
^"Further, you know what loab son of

Zeruiah did to me, what he did to the two com-
a-a Lit. "there shall never cease to be a man ofyours on the throne
of Israel." Cf 2 Sam. 7.12-16.
709
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 2.5 3 N D'lDVn D^K^nj
manders of Israel's forces, Abner son of Ner and hn^-]n Kt^nv^l "^ri^ "iJ^k"? î<'W''°
Amasa son of Jether: he killed them, shedding'' in"") '7u;3 r]y2nbr2"'m uiu'<^ nnrrii
blood of war in peacetime, staining the girdle
iînnn "iu;k ln-!>n5 n)pn'7n ^ni
of his loins and the sandals on his feet with blood
•^nippns n^pvy^ ^t'^Î^ "^W^ i'î!^?^
of war/ ^'So act in accordance with your wis-
D :bK\iJ D'7\f;î inn-'u; inin-K^'i
dom, and see that his white hair does not go
down to Sheol in peace.
vm non-nu/yn ny'pjn ''7111 'inî 7
'"But deal graciously with the sons of Barzillai

theGileadite, for they befriended me when I fled
from your brother Absalom; let them be among

those that eat at your table.''
8"You must also deal with Shimei son of Gera,

the Benjaminite from Bahurim. He insulted
me outrageously when I was on my way to

Mahanaim; but he came down to meet me at
the Jordan,'^ and I swore to him by the Lord: ninim l'7-ntz;yn -iu;k riK nvi^l nriK
'I will not put you to the sword.' '^So do not let :'7iKU7 Din inn-'iy-nN
him go unpunished; for you are a wise man and
you will know how to deal with him and send -^y 11"! Ti'^n 1U7K "'w^rn 1
1 q : mi
his gray hair down to Sheol in blood."
'"So David slept with his fathers, and he was

buried in the City of David. 'The length of Da-
vid's reign over Israel
'
was fortyyears: he reigned

vnK ~ni Kos-"?!; nu/^ riribvj^ 1: : ww
seven years in Hebron, and he reigned thirty-
:1'K?3 inD^?3 pni
three years in Jerusalem. '-And Solomon sat
upon the throne of his father David, and his rule ynu7-nii-'7K n"'jn-]n in^^JiK K'nî 13
was firmly established. nnKî "^K'n n'\b\u'r\ "iJpKni nn'ûz-DK
'Âdonijah son of Haggith came to see Bath-

nn^n •''7-'3 nvT nK iJaKîi' :"i?l
sheba, Solomon's mother. She said, "Do you
DniJB bK~\ii;''-b'2 m\u ''bv^ ni^^b-mn
come with friendly intent?" "Yes," he replied;
^3 ^riK"? ""nri"! n3i'7?3rT nDni Tj'^n'?
'•and he continued, "I would like to have a word
with you." "Speak up," she said. ''Then he said, nriK r[bK\u nnvi "^ :'''? nrrin mn""??
"You know that the kingship was rightly mine

and that all Israel wanted me to reign. But the KmnK n?3k^T" :"I3T v'^N "i^Km
kingship passed on to my brother; it came to
him by the will of the Lord. "'And now I have

one request to make of you; do not refuse me."
She said, "Speak up." '''He replied, "Please ask
b Afi'iiNin^ 0/ Hfh. iitnerlaiu.

c I.e.. toab hail thus brought blooilguilt on Duviil'i house: see
2 Sam. 3.27 and 20.10.
J I.e., for whose maintenance you provuie; see 2 Sam. 19.32 ff.
e See 2 Sam. 1 (S. 5 ff: I V.I 7 ff.
710
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 2.27 n KD"'D'7n D^K^nj
King Solomon — for he won't refuse you — to
give me Abishag the Shunammite as wife."

i8"Very well," said Bathsheba, "I will speak to
the king in your behalf"
i9So Bathsheba went to King Solomon to
riy2b\ij -^br^ri-bK ynu;-nn K'nrn. 19
speak to him about Adonijah. The king rose to
greet her and bowed down to her. He sat on his
throne; and he had a throne placed for the queen iKpa-'^y hu;^"! nb inriu;î nriKnp'?
mother, and she sat on his right. 20She said, "I :lr)3"''7 :i\ijn) '^bi^ri UKb kdb nm
have one small request to make of you, do not ^3JK h^\?p npK ribKp "iDKn'!2o
refuse me." He responded, "Ask, Mother; I shall --inK';-! 'J3TIK nu;n-'7K '^nKr? nbi<]i;
not refuse you." 2iThen she said, "Let Abishag
'^''pK-Kb ""a '?3K "''7KU; ^"^br^ri nb
the Shunammite be given to your brother
Aur-'iK-riK ]n:i i)3Kni2i :ii^jQ-nx
Adonijah as wife." 22The king replied to his
mother, "Why request Abishag the Shunam-
mite for Adonijah? Request the kingship for r\k nipî m^b "inK"! riribp '^b^'n
him! For he is my older brother, /-and the priest ^n)i1Kb h^njii/n Jii^^^K-riK nbk\i;
Abiathar and Joab son of Zeruiah are on his >nK xin TB nDi'7)3n-nx i'^-'^kuji
side."-/ nKl'i^T ]rT3n nnpKî ^b^ •>mr2 '7n^rT
23Thereupon, King Solomon swore by the
Lord, saying, "So may God do to me and even
nz) "ir^^b mn^jn n'ribp "^br^n ynwî 23
more, if broaching this matter does not cost
Adonijah his life! 24Now, as the Lord lives, who
W^n '3 tj-'pl"' n3"i b-'rT'7K -'b-'r[\uv;i
has established me and set me on the throne of njivi24 :n;Tn "in^riTiK ih^j'ik h^t
my father David and who has provided himi' ini\^l5T >rnû/T'T 'JJ"'3n "iu7K mn''-'n
with a house, as he promised, Adonijah shall be

put to death this very day!" 25And Solomon in- :in'!nK npv nvri '3 nnT -iu;x3
structed Benaiah son of Jehoiada, who struck -]3 ^T^ln 1^:^ n'riû; "^br^ri hbm 25
Adonijah'' down; and so he died.
26To the priest Abiathar, the king said, "Go

q"? nhjy "q^jan npK insn "inpKb'i 26
to your estate at Anathoth! You deserve to die,
n-TPT DibT nriK nijp \lj^k ^3 '!\'''i\u-bv
but I shall not put you to death at this time, be-
cause you carried the Ark of my Lord God be-

^pK piK-riK nxti/r-'S ^n"'PK kb
fore my father David and because you shared 733 nîiynn '31 ""nK tit ^^2^b nin"'
all the hardships that my father endured." 27So -riK ^riiibp u/nPT 2- : inK n|yrin-"iU7K
Solomon dismissed Abiathar from his office of -riK Wp-nb nrn^b ]ri3 nvnr} ~in^3K
priest of the Lord — thus fulfilling what the 'bv n''3-'7V -131 nu7K mn-^ -131
Lord had spoken at Shiloh' regarding the house
Q : rib\i;:i
of EH.
/-/ "And for himand for Abiathar and for Joab son ofZeruiah.
Lit.
Meaning of Heb. uncertain,

g Heb. "me."
h Heb. "him."
i Cf 1 Sam. 3.14.
711
NBVi'iM 1 KINGS 2.28 2 K W^br2 n-'K-'nj
28When the news reached Joab, he fled to the
Tent of the Lord and grasped the horns of nuj Kb Dl'7\z;nK nriKT n^nx nriK
the altar — for Joab had sided with Adonijah,
though he had not sided with Absalom. -^'King
':iKV DJ -"s riiibvj ]br^b ib) 29 : nnTTpn
Solomon was told that Joab had fled to the Tent
n^pi) nnmn b:£K mni n)ni bri^-bK
of the Lord and that he was there by the altar;
T|'? -ir^Kb yi^ln^-jn in^j^-nK riribM;
so Solomon sent Benaiah son of Jehoiada, say-
ing, "Go and strike him down." -'OBenaiah went

to the Tent of the Lord and said to him, "Thus I "inK"! KY Tj'pTarT -i)3K-n'3 vb^ niDKî
said the king: Come out!" "No!" he replied; "I "q'p^n-nK in"'^jn nu;î mnK hd ^d i<b
will die here." Benaiah reported back to the king
that Joab had answered thus and thus, -^'and the
nil nu;K3 hiuv "q'pTan l"? nnKî?!
king said, "Do just as he said; strike him down
nwK Din 'm 1 nn''pm ininpi in-y^m
and bury him, and remove guilt from me and
my father's house for the blood of the innocent
i-inK n-'n bvm '^yn :ikv '^^\lj
that Joab has shed. -^-Thus the Lord will bring

his blood guilt down upon his own head, be- 13^?p D^nUT D^plY D"'U;JK-"'JU;3 VA3
cause, unbeknown to my father, he struck down -nK 1711 i<b m-i "inK) ninn Dnnî
with the sword two men more righteous and -nKT bkip^ Kny—lu; nr]n -i^k
honorable than he — Abner son of Ner, the army ^'2\u^ 33 : niin"' Knynu; ~)n'<']2 k\u72V
commander of Israel, and Amasa son of Jether,
D57y'7 lynT WKhni nKi"" u/knn nri^m
the army commander of Judah. ^^May the guilt
n-'H"' ^kv2b^ irr-n^T '\^l]b^ liib^
for their blood come down upon the head of
b:jhi^ -.nyi^ dv)? a'ply-ny n'\b]u
Joab and his descendants forever, and may good
fortune from the Lord be granted forever to
David and his descendants, his house and his
throne." ^-^So Benaiah son of Jehoiada went up pliY-riKT Knyn-'^v vnnn VTln-'-p
and struck him down. And he was buried at his
nn^nK nnri "^br^ri jnj \7i2n
home in the wilderness. ^Hn his place, the king
"-DGK"! ""Vpu;^ ^li?""! "n^î^ n'7u;''V'('
appointed Benaiah son of Jehoiada over the
u\LJ nnu;î qîpTT'S hi2 "^b'Tin '\b
army, and in place of Abiathar, the king ap-
pointed the priest Zadok.
I
n"'ni37 :njKi hjk um Nyn-k'pi
3<>Then the king summoned Shimei and said VT linip "rnrriK ninyi "^nxY uv2
to him, "Build yourself a house in Jerusalem and : "Jiu^K'-in ni.n"" -]m nmn mn ^3 yin
stay there — do not ever go out from there any- "iu;n3 -inin niu ^'pjp'p ^v-nw ink"! ''<
where else. 370n the very day that you go out nu/^".! qpv nipv^ j3 "^br^ri •'iiK ini
and cross the Wadi Kidron, you can be sure that
D :n"'3-i WTZ'' ub\^^'^•'':l ""vnu;
you will die; your blood shall be on your own
head." '"^"That is fair," said Shimei to the king,
"your servant will do just as my lord the king
has spoken." And for a long time, Shimei re-
mained in Jerusalem.
71.
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 3.3 KD''D'7n D^K^nj
39Three years later, two slaves of Shimei ran -î\u in"!^""! ''ju; \ub\u Yipp ''nî39
away to King Achish son of Maacah of Gath.
Shimei was told, "Your slaves are in Gath."
•^nny mn inK^? ^VP^'? ^"f"',^!'! ria
40Shimei thereupon saddled his ass and went to
inbrjTiK ^]u'2W} 'Vpu; upî^ô :mn
Achish in Gath to claim his slaves; and Shimei
returned from Gath with his slaves. 4 1 Solomon
was told that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem

1P1 41 : nm inny-riK Kn^T ^v?pU7 -^^=11
to Gath and back, 42and the king summoned

Shimei and said to him, "Did I not adjure you
by the Lord and warn you, 'On the very day
that you leave and go anywhere else, you can
be sure that you will die,' and did you not say
to me, 'It is fair; I accept'? 43Why did you not
abide by the oath before the Lord and by the
orders which I gave you?" 44The king said fur-

niyjan-riK'! mn^ rivnu; riK nnibip
ther to Shimei, "You know all the wrong, which -bi<, ^^)ari "inK=''i44 :îhv ^m;^-)\uK
you remember very well, that you did to my fa- "itz/K nynn-b's nx nvi^ nriK iijy2p
ther David. Now the Lord brings down your n-iu/rn 'nx i^-fp nwv '^\î<, "?)nn^ vî
wrongdoing upon your own head. 45But King '^^)3m45 t-û/K'nn •^ny-j-riK nyi''
Solomon shall be blessed, and the throne of •'jq'7
ilDj r['>,r['' 1)1 KpDi "qnj riiibvj
David shall be established before the Lord
forever."
^¥!'"! VTlnîn in'^j^-riK "^bi^ri lyî 46
46The king gave orders to Benaiah son of Je-
hoiada and he went out and struck Shimei''
down; and so he died.
Thus the kingdom was secured in Solomon's

hands.
^ Solomon allied himself by marriage with

Pharaoh king of Egypt. He married Pharaoh's
daughter and brought her to the City of David irrin-nK nin^ in'?? iv tit T'y
[to live there] until he had finished building his
D^\i;ni npin-riKi r[)T[-> rrin-nKi
palace, and the House of the Lord, and the walls
around Jerusalem.
^The people, however, continued to offer
nnrKb' -'2 ninnn a^nnm nyn pi 2
sacrifices at the open shrines, because up to that Q :DnrT n^p^'n iv mn^ di^V hî
time no house had been built for the name of nli^nin riD^p^ mn^-nx h'rib\ij nriK^ji 3
the Lord. Ând Solomon, though he loved the nûpnT nntp Kin nlnnn pli^nK in
Lord and followed the practices of his father
David, also sacrificed and offered at the shrines.
713
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 3.4 i KD^Db^JD a''K->:io
^The king went to Gibeon to sacrifice there, K"'n ""3 uuj nnt'? njvnj "^^^ri qV''i 4
for that was the largest shrine; on that altar Sol- riribv) n^^y^ hib'V ^bi<, nbM^ri nniin
omon presented a thousand burnt offerings. 'Ât nin"' nK"!J py^^n ? : Kinn n^mn bv
Gibeon the Lord appeared to Solomon in a
nv'^K "DpK""! nb^bn ni^nn ri)ibuj-bi<,
dream by night; and God said, "Ask, what shall
nriK riabp "i)?k''1 f-
:"n^"lJ3iK nn bK'p
I grant you?" ^Solomon said, "You dealt most
graciously with Your servant my father David,
711^ ipn ""^K in "qinvnv 0'"'^V
because he walked before You in faithfulness

npiYm n?3Nn '^•î^b -^bri lu/x?
and righteousness and in integrity of heart. You "HK 1^7—ipwni "i^v ^:^b n^^VJ^>2^
have continued this great kindness to him by ^\p'i ]n l'7-]nrT! n-Tn "711^0 ipnn
giving him a son to occupy his throne, as is now •>ribi<. mn"' nnvi ' : n^n uv-2 iKD3-'7V
the case. 'And now, O Lord my God, You have •"nK ni nnn "învTiK n3'?nn hjik
made Your servant king in place of my father
iK'nT riKY y"TK i
nnj3 -iqd"' i<b^ r[:iT2^-i<b •^pi<,
in the midst of the people You have chosen,
:
a people too numerous to be numbered or l^nn^ "^Jsy-riK vi^pb ypu; 2b ?iinv'7

counted. '^Grant, then. Your servant an under- "jl)3V-nK \JB\LjYb:?v •'p '3 v^b 3iu-p3
standing mind to judge Your people, to distin- '.n^ri "i33n
guish between good and bad; for who can judge bK\u ""S '^K ""rvn -i3in nuî 10
this vast people of Yours?"

u^fibK "inK"! 11 :n;Tn ininTiK Tirib\ij
'OThe Lord was pleased that Solomon had
n-tn nnin-riK n'pKu; "iu/k "jv^ v^k
asked for this. ' 'And God said to him, "Because
n^KUz-k"?-) n-'in. u^pi n^ku/'K'?-)
you asked for this —you did not ask for long life,
"^V*
you did not ask for riches, you did not ask for
the life of your enemies, but you asked for dis- 'rr'tî; mn 12 : U3u;p ifr^pb ]''3rT
^^
cernment in dispensing justice — '-I now do as ]1n3T 03 n n"? -^b mni 1 mn ^"'1.313
you have spoken. I grant you a wise and dis- ^'"i.nKT ^"'Js'? n"'n-i<'7 "îns iu;n
cerning mind; there has never been anyone like
nbi<.\u-i<b -IU7K oii") 1? :îa3 mi?^-^'?
you before, nor will anyone like you arise again.
-i(b -iu;k iin3-DA "iu;v-D3i "^b •'nnj
'-Ând I also grant you what you did not ask
"^m^ n^n
for — both riches and glory all your life — the like
:"q"'p^"'73 D"'3'p)33 ii^^K
•"niYDT 'îpn -iT2\ub '3-113 "I'^n dkt h

of which no king has ever had. iÂnd
1
I will fur-
ther grant you long life, if you will walk in My -nx 'npiKnT ?i-'3i< t"!! ^^n "iu;k3
ways and obser\'e My laws and commandments,

as did your father David." Nl3^1 m'7n n^m nn'û; *yi7''i
15
'5Then Solomon awoke: it was a dream! He "nK-nns ]1-ik i -^z^b 1 invn d.'?^î^
went to Jerusalem, stood before the Ark of the
nnwn ti/V"."! O'lnû; t:7V'!1 J^^'î^ ^V!l
Covenant of the Lord, and sacrificed burnt
D : T'13V'73'7
offerings and presented offerings of well-being;
and he made a banquet for all his courtiers. lyiiwa ' Tn r. /5,
u-fl Lit. "do nol know to go out ami come in"; cf. Num. 27.17.
14
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 3.28 KD"'3'7J3 Q^K^nj
i6Later two prostitutes came to the king and -bK nlJT u'>pi D^nu; ri^K'iin tki6
stood before him. i^xhe first woman said,
"Please, my lord! This woman and I live in the
same house; and I gave birth to a child while

n)3y ibK) iHK n-inn nnu;-' riK'Tn
she was in the house. iÔn the third day afi;er
I was delivered, this woman also gave birth to
We were alone; there was no one else

Tin;" iJmKT riKTri nii/Kn-DjL ibn)
a child.
with us in the house, just the two of us in the umx-D'^nu; ""nîT nîi? brix irpK
house. i9During the night this woman's child nb-ib riKTri n\i7KrT-]n njpj'îi? :n"'iin
died, because she lay on it. 20She arose in the n^"'^rT "qlnn ai7ni 20 ;vbv npu; nu/K
night and took my son from my side while your mu;"' '"^ripK"! ^b-^^r? 'Jitik ni?rii
maidservant was asleep, and laid him in her
bosom; and she laid her dead son in my bosom.
p'>pr\b ii7'nii n^Ki2i :''i7''nn nn-'su/n
21 When I arose in the morning to nurse my son,
him
"li^'iiii V^K pliîriKi np-nani ""jn-riK
there he was, dead; but when I looked at
closely in the morning, it was not the son I had : ^nibi "i\^K "'jn n"'n-K'7 mrTT
borne."
•'5 Kb nnriKri n\FKrT "-DaK'ni 22
22The other woman spoke up, "No, the live ^D Kb nn^K nkn rn^ri îpT ^nn ^n
one is my son, and the dead one is yours!" But '>2^b nJinirn. "'nn 'pi nr^n "^n
the first insisted, "No, the dead boy is yours;
-.^br^ri
mine is the live one!" And they went on arguing 23
"•nn 'Jn'nT nnjp'K riKT "^br^ri iJpK''i
before the king.
rijan 'qjs '>2 Kb nn^K nKn njDn ^n^
23The king said, "One says, 'This is my son,
the live one, and the dead one is yours'; and the
-^b inp "q^jan nnk^T 24 q : inn mi
other says, 'No, the dead boy is yours, mine is
"i)GK')i25 -.'^bizri ^)^b nnnn iKnî nnn
the live one.' 24So the king gave the order, "Fetch în^ d;'J^^ ""nn i^^^n-nx nn "^br^ri
me a sword." A sword was brought before the :nnK^ 'ynn-nKT nnKy^ynn-nK

king, 25and the king said, "Cut the live child in
-bK 'nn ni2i-nu7K n\FKn "upkni 26
two, and give half to one and half to the other."

"'T\^'3.-bv n^nnn nn^r-'B q'7)3n
26But the woman whose son was the live one
"n'p^rrnK nîjn •'jik ^n 1 "DpKni
pleaded with the king, for she was overcome
nnjp'K nK'n inri^)pri-'7K nprn ""nn
with compassion for her son. "Please, my lord,"
she cried, "give her the live child; only don't kill
]i;î27 :n'TA n^ri"' Kb '^b~u). •'b'-nA
it!" The other insisted, "It shall be neither yours "nn m^^n-nK n^-ijn njpKî '^br^n
nor mine; cut it in two!" 27Then the king spoke

up. "Give the live child to her," he said, "and -IU7K u3U7)3n-nK bK'i\LJ''-b'2 '\v'l2\Lj'!^ 28
do not put it to death; she is its mother." ^2 "^bj^ri 'j$?p ^Kn^'i T|^)3n upu;
28When all Israel heard the decision that the
nlU7i7^ i^lp? ^V^^ nppn-'3 =ik-i
king had rendered, they stood in awe of the king;
for they saw that he possessed divine wisdom
to execute justice.
715
Nsvi'iM 1 KINGS 4.1 1 KD"'D'773 D^K^nj
J. King Solomon was now king over all Israel. 1

^These were his officials: ^b-'^\UK nnwrr n'pKT- u :'7K"iu;"'
Azariah son of Zadok — the priest;

D :"|rT'3n pn^'in innry
Êlihoreph and Ahijah sons of Shisha
scribes;
:T'3T)3n ii^^nK-jB uau/iH"'
Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud — recorder;
**Benaiah son of Jehoiada — over the army;

Zadok and Abiathar — priests;
SAzariah son of Nathan — charge of the in pre-
fects; :'q^)3ri nvn ]n3 ]ny]^ -nnn

Zabud son of Nathan the priest — companion
of the king;
D :D)3n-'7y KpV'l^ D"]"'™"!
Âhishar — in charge of the palace; and
Adoniram son of Abda — in charge of the
in^^-riKi ^"pjan-nK ^b^2b^2^ bi<•^\u^>
forced labor.
"Solomon had twelve prefects governing all
"[pKn -inK-'7V r['',r\'' njwii u/in
Israel, who provided food for the king and his mn-]n anlm n^KT« o -.b^b^b
household; each had to provide food for one ypjpn ipi"]^9 D :D"'"i?N inn
month in the year. *Ând these were their names:
Ben-hur, in the hill country of Ephraim; ^Ben-
deker, in Makaz, Shaalbim, Beth-shemesh, and
-"73 niJ-f^K-inii D :nQn y"!K-'721
Elon-beth-hanan; lOBen-hesed in Arubboth
i^ nn^n rirzbp-n:! riDu iki nsj
he governed Socho and all the Hepher area;
"Ben-abinadab, [in] all of Naphath-dor (Sol-

omon's daughter Taphath was his wife); njn-iy b:^k nu;K ]k\u n^2-b2^ My.m
'2Baana son of Ahilud [in] Taanach and Me- '73K ly ]i<.\ij n"'3n bi<,i;^vh nnnn
giddo and all Beth-shean, which is beside
Zarethan, below Jezreel — from Beth-shean to -]3 T^K^ nin i"? iy'7Annin -inA
Abel-meholah as far as the other side of
"iu;k n'A-iK bîn i"? ivÂn iu/k nmr^
Jokmeam; '"^Ben-geber, in Ramoth-gilead — he nnin ni"?!^ any u->\ij\i; ]u;33
governed the villages of Jair son of Manasseh
which are K"iv"l3 n-trriK 11 d :nwnj nnni
in Gilead, and he also governed the
district of Argob which is in Bashan, sixty large Kin-DA "''7nDJ3 yvn^RKi^ :n?p"'jn)p
towns with walls and bronze bars; •''Ahinadab .T]fi<.b rir2b\u-n:i rupu/ii-riK npb
son of Iddo, in Mahanaim; 'SAhimaaz, in D :ni'7i7m ~iu/k3 'if/in-jn Kjyî^
Naphtali (he too took a daughter of Solomon D :nDu;ti;"'3 miQ-]!i upu;in''i7
Basemath — to wife); 'f>Baanah son of Hushi,
-]3"inAi^' D : ]pm3 K'7K-]n •'Vnu; 18
in Asher and Bealoth;" '^Jehoshaphat son of

Paruah, in Issachar; '"Shimei son of Ela, in Ben-
Or
'
a "in Ahlh.
716
NEvfiM 1 KINGS 5.10 n K n"'D'7>3 n-'Kinj
jamin; i9Geber son of Uri, in the region of Gil- "^bri I ]'\WD y"iK lyÂ yiKn nx
ead, the country of Sihon, king of the Amorites, ^\uK iriK n"'YJT iii/nn q'?)? lv^ n'T^xn
and Og, king of Bashan; ''-and one prefect who : ynxn
was in the land.-''
20}udah and Israel were as numerous as the

sands of the sea; they ate and drank and were
content.
^ Solomon's rule extended over

doms from the Euphrates to the land of the
all the king- -^73^ 'b\ijm n-'n ri^nbvj^ n
Philistines and the boundary of Egypt. They nly") nmT2 n^pm nn^Yp ^7^^
brought Solomon tribute and were subject to
"rr^v Q :T"in ''ri^'b^ ritibvJ-nK
him all his life. -Solomon's daily provisions con-
nVDna u^]ubp inx dI'''? riT2b\iJ-unb
sisted of 30 kors of semolina, and 60 kois of
[ordinan,'] flour, -''10 fattened oxen, 20 pasture-
fed oxen, and 100 sheep and goats, besides deer
and gazelles, roebucks and "-fatted geese.-" -^For -134 :D-'pinK nnn-ini munî ''nî
he controlled the whole region west of the npsnn in^n nni;-'7Dn 1 nin Kin
Euphrates — all the kings west of the Euphrates,
from Tiphsah to Gaza —and he had peace on

aU his borders roundabout. ?A11 the days of Sol-
IJDA nnn u/^k nunb' bk'^\u^^ niin"'
omon, Judah and Israel from Dan to Beer-sheba
'73 yn\^ iK3"Ti;i \i)2 injxn nnn")
d^velt in safety, everyone under his own vine and
under his own fig tree. ^Solomon had 40,000 riiibpb v^l^ -.n'ribp 'J?"'
stalls of horses for his chariotry and 12,000 133-130^ wmv ni"iK q^K D''i;31K
horsemen.
'^''All those prefects, each during his month, ^'77an-nK n'pKn D-'ny^n ^'73'73v
would furnish provisions for King Solomon and '^bi^ri ]nb\p-bi<. nni7n-'73 nxT rii2b\ij
for all who were admitted to King Solomon's
nnT n^y^ k^ Win Mjî^ ri7ib\i;
table; they did not fall short in an\1:hing. ^^They
would also, each in his turn, deliver barley and

vj2')b) n-'piD^ P^^n nnwms
u/^K nii^-n^n;' nu/K blpian-^K ik3^
straw for the horses and the swift steeds to the
places where they were stationed. D :iU3\Z;7p3
^God endowed Solomon with wisdom and mnm riiibpb n?p3n d^h'^k ']ri'i 9
discernment in great measure, with under- -bv nu7K '7in3 :ib nnhi n'Kp ^^1^
standing as vast as the sands on the seashore. nn3n nnrriio nstp
Tirib\u :n;in
'^Solomon's wisdom was greater than the wis-
nn3n '73m a"t£-'j3-'73 rip3nn
dom of all the Kedemites and than all the wis-
a-a Exact meaning of Heb. uncertain,

b Resuming the account begun in 4.2.
717
NHvi'iM 1 KINGS 5.10 n KD"'d'7?3 d^k^j
dom of the Egyptians. "He was the wisest of ]n''K)3 b']Kn-'73n "ban"! 11 innyn
all men: [wiser] than Ethan the Ezrahite, and b^nrp '33 VTM) b':2h^^ iJpTii ""nnTKn
Heman, Chalkol, and Darda the sons of Mahol.
His fame spread among all the surrounding na-

tions. i2He composed three thousand proverbs,
nkri-])? 'h'>Y:jr)-bv n^Tl'^ ^bi<.)
and his songs numbered one thousand and five.
•-^He discoursed about trees, from the cedar in
Lebanon to the hyssop that grows out of the -bv^ rjivn-b'V) nnnnn-'?!/ nnTi
wall; and he discoursed about beasts, birds,
creeping things, and fishes. '-iMen of all peoples nKD riribv; nn^n hk v)2\ub D-'nyn
came to hear Solomon's wisdom, [sent] by all
the kings of the earth who had heard of his

D :lri)p3n
wisdom.
'7K Vinv-JiK "ilY-T|b'n DiTi n'7\z;''"!°i5
'
-""King Hiram of Tyre sent his officials to Sol-
^'7)3 "7 ^^û'^2 in'K '3 vnw 13 riribp
omon when he heard that he had been anointed
king in place of his father; for Hiram had always i)ib DTn w^n nn'K ^3 in-inK nnn
been a friend of David. '^Solomon sent this mes- -bK riifibp n"?!^"! if-
d : D"'a^rT-'73
sage to Hiram: '

'"You know that my father Da- "fiK n.l'riK rivi?^K^^ Di^n '" :"ibN'7
vid could not build a house for the name of the vribK r[}n->n\ub n""? nlJ3y'73T kb ^3
Lord his God because of the enemies*^^ that en-
compassed him, until the Lord had placed
:"''7n ^b).•^ ni33 nnri nnx nin""
them under the soles of his feet. 'SBut now the
]''K n^nDp ''7
'ri'7K nyni n^jn nnv^ '^^
Lord my God has given me respite all around;

nin'p "ibK 'Jjni i^ :y-i v^b ^kt ]utz;
there is no adversary and no mischance. I'Ând
so I propose to build a house for the name of -13T I "i\z>K3 •'rt'7K nrni aiy"? nî
the Lord my God, as the Lord promised my

father David, saying, 'Your son, whom I will set n"'3n npTKin ^Kp3-'7i7 "^^nnri
on your throne in your place, shall build the n-inK ''7-im3''i my nnvT-" ^f^'^b
house My name.' ôpiease, then, give orders
for
-i3ti/T ^nny-DV T'm ^'[^V] liJ3'7rT-]n
for cedars to be cut for me in the Lebanon. My
I
•'3 inkn iWK b^^ i\b ]nK "^'1.3:;
servants will work with yours, and I will pay you
any wages you may ask for your servants; for
-mp^ vy vj'>K 1J3 i^K '3 nvi? nriK
as you know, there is none among us who knows

how to cut timber like the Sidonians." riiibvj "'-i.3TnN Di^n y"nu73 'n"'vi
-'When Hiram heard Solomon's message, he uvr\ H'ln"' T|n3 ink^'i iKp nTpU/""!
was overjoyed. "Praised be the Lord this day," 3-jrT nvri'bv D3n ]3 n-i"? ]nj nwK
he said, "for granting David a wise son to govern ibK"? 7i-nb\iJ-bi<. Dn^n nbvj'>) 22 : nû
this great people." 22S0 Hiram sent word to Sol-
omon: "I have your message; I will supply all

"yyî DniK iyy3 ^yQrT'73-nK
the cedar and cypress logs you require. - ^My ser-
c Heb. "war"; cf. Targum.
71
"
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 6.1 KD^D^^TD D^K^na
vants will bring them down to the sea from the n)3i ]inVrT-])p n^ n^yss :D"'\înn
Lebanon; and at the sea I will make them into nip?2ri"Ty b^n mini nn-'U/x 'jKf
floats and [deliver them] to any place that you
designate to me. There I shall break them up
for you to carry away. You, in turn, will supply
riribpb ]nj dIiti v^l--* :"'n"'5 nn'7
the food I require for my household." --^So Hi-
ram kept Solomon provided with all the cedar
:iYDn-'73 nîiînn ^yvt annK '^v
and cypress wood he required, 25and Solomon
delivered to Hiram 20,000 kors of wheat as pro- ]'n\ij n3 DnU;yT in^n'? n'?^?? D"'un
visions for his household and ''-20 kors-'^ of ni\u nn^n'7 ri)2b\u irT'"n'3 iT'na
beaten oil. Such was Solomon's annual payment
to Hiram.
"i\pK3 Tiy2h\ub nj33n ]nj nin-'V^

26The Lord had given Solomon wisciom, as
He had promised him. There was friendship
n'ribvj i^n^ bn^n ]-^2. ub^j ^rr^T i^nsT
between Hiram and Solomon, and the two of :Dri-'ju; nnn ^3"!
them made a treaty.
'7X'itf;"'-'73n on nn'û; "^b-an b'vh-^

27King Solomon imposed forced labor on all
Israel; the levy came to 30,000 men. -^He sent niD^'^n 'u/inn "'Q^k nnti/y n^lin^
them to the Lebanon in shifts of 10,000 a month:
lrT'33 t3"'U7-rn u^2\ij ]in^n vri'^ Mjin
they would spend one month in the Lebanon
ri'nb^jb ^n^) 2^ d : vi^ri-bv nyni<^
and two months at home. Adoniram was in
charge of the forced labor. ^^Solomon also had

iq'7K n"'Jbu;T b^v Ku;j t^bK D^ynu;
70,000 porters and 80,000 quarriers in the hills,

n-ini^jn nwjp 13^30 nnin 3yn
Ôapart from Solomon's 3,300 officials who were n\ub\u ri'hKby^ri-bv nu;K nn"?!^^
in charge of the work and supervised the gangs ny3 nnhn niK)? vjbw^ dêj^k
doing the work. :n3K^)33 nitz/Vn
-""The king ordered huge blocks of choice
n''J3K ni'îA D^J3K°iyp:'i ^'?)an ^'^^^ 31
stone to be quarried, so that the foundations of
i'7pQ''T32 :nm "'J3K n"'3n i^^b nl~ji7''
the house might be laid with hewn stones. -''-Sol-
irp^T D"'573^ni nln^n 'pi n'^p'û; 'j'3
omon's masons, Hiram's masons, and the men
of Gebal shaped them. Thus the timber and the 3 :n''3n nijn'? n^nKm n-'^yn
stones for building the house were made ready.
vJ In the four hundred and eightieth year after mK73 ynnisi nju; D"'Jinu;3 •'nî ^
the Israelites left the land of Egypt, in the month bn.v?P"V"i.N73 '7Knu;i-',J3 nxy^ niw
of Ziv — that is, the second month — in the
u/nnn Kin if \uin:2. n"'V"'=iin nj\i73
fourth year of his reign over Israel, Solomon be-
]3''T '7N-iu/^-'7y nn'û; ij'^p'? •'iit^n
d-d Septuagint reads, "20,000 baths.
719
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 6.1 KD"'3'7n D^N^nj
gan to build the House of the Lord. 2The House

which King Solomon built for the Lord was 60
cubits long, 20 cubits wide, and 30 cubits high.
:ln)3ip n?3K u^\ubp^ Inni Dnwvi
3The portico in front of the Great Hall of the
anu/y n-inn '7p''n ^2^'bv DîKm?
House was 20 cubits long —along the width of
the House —and 10 cubits deep to the front of

the House. •'"He made windows for the House,
ri->ib \^vl^ -^ -.
n^nn 'J3-'7V I3n"i njpNS
recessed and latticed. Âgainst the outside wall
of the House — the outside walls of the House

enclosing the Great Hall and the Shrine'' — he
built a storied structure; and he made side n)3K^ ^pn mnnnn y''y^n v^y•'T^(^
chambers all around. ^The lowest story was 5
cubits wide, the middle one 6 cubits wide, and

the third 7 cubits wide; for he had provided re-
^n^n^ nyin n^no n-'^'? ]ni 'n^v^m
cesses around the outside of the House so as not
to penetrate the walls of the House. :n^nn-m-iî73 thk
"When the House was built, only finished

stones cut at the quarry were used, so that no vnpriib bm ^b^~b3 )n^r[) ninj^jpT
hammer or ax or any iron tool was heard in the
House while it was being built.

TT'sn n0,3"'^>^ np-inn vb:^r\ nn3«
^The entrance to the middle'^ [story of] the
-]?3T np"'nri-'7y \bv} n'''7i'7m n^jn-'n
side chambers was on the right side of the
n^nn-riK p^.i^ :uwb]ijri-hi<, np-^nri
House; and winding stairs led up to the middle
chambers, and from the middle chambers to the
third story. '^When he finished building the
House, ''he paneled the House with beams and fn^:;'! inKJip ni^K u/nn n"'iin-'73
planks of cedar.-'' '"He built the storied struc-

ture against the entire House — each story 5 cu- .-ir2Kb ri)2b\u-bi<, mn^-ini ""H"'}!'
bits high, so that it encased the House with tim-

bers of cedar.
rnnwi niijvr) 'U3\z;p-nKi "npriii
"Then the word of the Lord came to Solo-
-riK nbpn'! nnn n^"?^ 'niy?p-'73-nK
mon, '-"With regard to this House you are
building — if you follow My laws and observe

I'^'i^K nn"'?^ ^m^T -iu;k "qriK '-ini
My rules and faithfully keep My command- iTVK i<b^ bi<.']iij-' -^n înn tudu/t 13
ments, I will fulfill for you the promise that I
gave to your father David: 'M will abide among

the children of Israel, and I will never forsake
My people Israel."
'•'When Solomon had completed the con-
ij \tcuning of parti o/it. -(-6 unuTtiiin.

h I.e., the inner sanctuury; designated in v. 16 and eliewhere as
the "Holy of Holies."
1 and Targum read 'lowest.
Sepliuigtnt
d d Miuning of Heb. uncertain.
720
"
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 6.27 KD"'3'7?3 D-'N-'aJ
struction of the House, i?he paneled the walls
of the House on the inside with planks of cedar.

He also overlaid the walls on the inside with
wood, from the floor of the House to the ceiling.

Dnu/y-riK "inî 16 :D"'U7inn riiy^v?
And he overlaid the floor of the House with
planks of cypress. i^Twenty cubits from the rear
of the House, he built [a partition] of cedar
planks from the floor to the walls;'^he furnished :n"'u;"ii7n uj-ipb n^ni"? n^nTp \b
its interior to serve as a shrine, as the Holy of
Holies. i^/The front part of the House, that is,
the Great Hall, measured 40 cubits. i^The cedar nK "73:1 D^YV n.iuQT n^vi^Q nvbpri
of the interior of the House had carvings of
gourds and calyxes; it was all cedar, no stone
was exposed, iîn the innermost part of the
îk n?3K Dnu/y n^nin ^:]^b^ -^ : r[rr[''
House, he fixed a Shrine in which to place the
Ark of the Lord's Covenant. -O^'The interior of in^pip n)3K anu/yi nn'i nypK u^îuv)
the'' Shrine was 20 cubits long, 20 cubits wide, :nK n^Tp tqyiT -lUD nHT insy^!
and 20 cubits high. He overlaid it with solid nriT n^p^jsp ir^nn-nK riribp ciy"'Vi
gold; he similarly overlaid [its] cedar altar.
-iSolomon overlaid the interior of the House n^nn-'73-nK'i 22 :nnT ^nsyî n-in^n
with solid gold; and he inserted golden chains
n3T)3n-'73T ni3rT-'73 un-iv nni nsy
Hnto the door ot\< the Shrine. He overlaid [the
:nriT HBY -|"'3l'7—1U7K
Shrine] with gold, ^ô that the entire House was
overlaid with gold; he even overlaid with gold
the entire altar of the Shrine. And so the entire

rp.3 nl^K u;nm24 nrDplp nl?3K '^^JV
House was completed. nnsn ^p nlTisx \upn) nnxri bnsn

23In the Shrine he made two cherubim of olive
wood, each 10 cubits high. -^[One] had a wing nnsn n?3K3 ^ti/i/vs n-'Qjs nlYp
measuring 5 cubits and another wing measuring
^2ph TpK nypi nriK n^p 'JiyrT
5 cubits, so that the spread from wingtip to
-lu/y "fnxn ^nan n)3ip26 tn-in-isn
wingtip was 10 cubits; -%nd the wingspread of
:^2wri nnarr pi n?aK3
the other cherub was also 10 cubits. The two
cherubim had the same measurements and pro-
portions: -^the height of the one cherub was 10
cubits, and so was that of the other cherub.
27He placed the cherubim inside the ''-inner în-'7K nrfDJ?") -"Jiyri "T-p nvAJ
chamber.-'' Since the wings of the cherubim
were extended, a wing of the one touched one
wall and a wing of the other touched the other
e Septuagint reads "rafters.
f Meaning ofv\: 17-22 is unclear in part.

g-g Heb. "in front of."
h-h I.e., the Shrine.
721
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 6.27 KD^'D'^n n^K^:
wall, while their wings in the center of the cham-

ber touched each other. 2«He overlaid the cher-
ubim with gold. -Âll over the walls of the
House, of both the inner area and the outer area,

ipyn'pT d-'jd'7)3 D^yy muQT niJ^ni
he carved reliefs of cherubim, palms, and ca-
lyxes, -Ôand he overlaid the floor of the House
with gold, both the inner and the outer areas.
-^'For the entrance of the Shrine he made
doors of olive wood, ^the pilasters and the inwT 32 :rT'u;nn ninrp b->i<.r\ ]nu;
doorposts having five sides.'' 32The double

doors were of olive wood, and on them he nni nsjYT d^yy niuDi ninnrn "•nn?
carved reliefs of cherubim, pahns, and calyxes.
-riK ninnnn-'^v") Q"'nn3rT-'7V "i"):',"!
He overlaid them with gold, hammering the

ninrn '^^^'rin nnQ"? nt^v ]3"i '-' -.
nriTri
gold onto the cherubim and the palms. -''-'For
made
nln'71 •'nu;T34 m^yni riKW inw-iyy
the entrance of the Great Hall, too, he
doorposts of oleaster wood, ''having four
hnKH nb^r\ "'V^y ""iu/ n-'U/iin ""Yi/
sides,-'' 34and the double doors of cypress wood, n-'Jii^n nbiri n^v)'p W'' ^^^^^^
each door consisting of two rounded planks.

^50n them he carved cherubim, palms, and ca- -.n^nipri-bv "iii^^n nnr nsYi d-iyy
lyxes, overlaying them with gold applied evenly niu n^n^jsn nynn-riK
riufbvj in"! 36
over the carvings. ''^He built the inner enclosure
:n''nK n'nn3 mui n\n
of three courses of hewn stones and one course
of cedar beams.
ni^.n mn;' iT'n id;" rT'V''n-!n nju/n 37
-''"In the fourth year, in the month of Ziv, the b^± n"i"^3 niu;v nnisn njra38 nr
foundations of the House were laid; 38and in the -b:^b nîin nb^ "•rni^n u/inn Nin
eleventh year, in the month of Bui — that is, the
eighth month — the House was completed ac- vjbp riribvj nj^ irr'^-nKT 1 : n^w ^
cording to all its details and all its specifications.
:irT'5-'73-nK b2^^ mw niu/y I
7 It took him seven years to build

took Solomon thirteen years to build
it. 'And it
his
nwN nkp liJn'rrT lyi 1 ri"'3-nK ]2^^ '-
u^'\LJbp^ liin-j n)3K Dîi^nn-i 13-ik

palace, until his whole palace was completed.
-He built the "Lebanon Forest House with ''imv mu
nyîK bi; innip hdk
four rows" of cedar columns, and with hewn :u-'imvri-b:j "'hk niniDi d""™
cedar beams above the columns. Its length was nu/K ny^Yn-"?:; '7i;53n nkn ]QpT3
100 cubits, its breadth 50 cubits, and its height nu/nn nii/nni n^yn-iis n"'nnyn-'7y
30 cubits. Ît was paneled above with cedar, with
the planks'* that were above on the 45 col-
umns — 15 in each row. -lAnd there were three
ij-u So called becatist of the rowiofcvilar columns. Sepiuiiginlreiiili

"three rowi" instead of "four rows'; cf. v. 3.
b Apparently the 'planks" connected the columns longitudmally.
and the "beams' (v. 2) connected the planks transversely.
" "
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 7.15 KD''3'7)3 D^K^nj
rows of window frames, with three tiers of win-

dows facing each other. SAll the doorways and bm^ cii7u; n"'y3"! ninTKjm n^nnsn
doorposts*^ had square frames —with three tiers
in-ipvE! wbw nTn)p-'7K nrnTp
of windows facing each other.
6He made the portico of columns 50 cubits
bîKi l:nn"i hkjk u^^b^]j^ iij-iK n)3K
long and 30 cubits wide; 'Hhe portico was in
front of [the columns] , and there were columns
:Dri''J3-b'v :ivi nnTpvi ri"'J3-'7V
with a canopy in front of them. -^ ^He made the '7K \i;-uQu;'' nu/K KDsn '71x17
throne portico, where he was to pronounce i'i?.1i?n'? HKB ]iQDi ntz/y u|)u;?3rT
judgment —the Hall of Judgment. It was pan-

eled with cedar from floor to floor.e
8The house that he used as a residence, in the

n-iin ri'^T) njn ntî^âa qîk^ h-'^n
rear courtyard, back of the portico, was of the
same construction. Solomon also constructed
a palace like that portico for the daughter of

:n;TrT '^wa
Pharaoh, whom he had married. r\m mp3 nii?! Q"'JnK n'pK-^39
9A11 these buildings, from foundation to cop- 10)3)31 yin)3T n:'n)p rnm^. nrri-x-n
ing and all the way out to the great courtyard, : n'pnAPi nynn-iy \^n^n^ nlnQun-iv
were of choice stones, hewn according to meas- niyia "'jnK nnp'^ °"','??^ "rD;'puo
ure, smooth on all sides./ lOThe foundations
: nl)3K "rîyiw ^y^K) nl)3K nu/y ^''jnK
were huge blocks of choice stone, stones of 10
n^n nl"i)33 nn;;"' "'pnK rhv'hhm n
cubits and stones of 8 cubits; ând above were
choice stones, hewn according to measure, and
cedar wood. i^The large surrounding courtyard
-lYn^l "'T-iK nh-13 -nui n-'fj nniu
had three tiers of hewn stone and a row of cedar Q : JTinn 'chi^b^ n"')3"'J3n mn^-rr'n
beams, the same as for the inner court of the

House of the Lord, and for the portico of the nnTrriK n'^y^ riiib^ Ti^)3n nbw'>^ 13
House. ni3)3)3 Kin ni)3^K n\i7K-]3 14 nV)?
i3King Solomon sent for Hiram and brought

-riKi hjinrin-nxi n)33nri-nK i^h'B'î
him down from Tyre. i^He was the son of a
nu7'n33 n3K^)3-'73 rilu;i7^ riîn
widow of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father
had been a Tyrian, a coppersmith. He was en-

-'73-nK t:;v.!'! Tirh^ ii^)3n-'7K Klnî
dowed with skill, ability, and talent for execut- D"'"ii)3i;ri 'Jii^TiK nyj'^115 nripx"?)?
ing all work in bronze.s He came to King Sol- n)3vrT ~n)3ip n)3K nnu/y nibu; nu/'nj
omon and executed all his work. i^He cast two 3p^ n)3N nnu7y-D^n\^ bini nriKn
columns of bronze; one column was 18 cubits
nti/y nnn3 ^t\m le i^jii/n "n)3vn-nK
high and measured 12 cubits in circumference.
c Septuagint reads "windows."

e Syriac reads "rafters.
f Lit. "sawed with a saw in the inside and outside.
g Heb. nehosheth means both copper and bronze. In the

translation "copper" is ordinarily used to denote the natural
product and "bronze" for the artifacts.
723
ovfiM 1 KINGS 7.15 T KD^'D'^D D-'K-'aj
[and similarly] the other column. '^He made

two capitals, cast in bronze, to be set upon the nriKn nnnbn hnip nDiiK wnn
two columns, the height ot each ot the two cap- :nij\i;rT n-in3n npip ni)3K u/nrri
itals being 5 cubits; ' ''also nets of meshwork with
nu/yn D"'^1A !^??^ nu/yn D-ifinu/i^
festoons of chainwork for the capitals that were
on the top of the columns, seven for each of the
two capitals. 'f'He made the columns'' so that
there were two rows [ot pomegranates] encir-

cling the top of the one network, to cover the niiKri nD3u;n-'7V ^""iD nmu '•'ju;^
capitals that were on the top of the pome- \ui<i-bv '"i\^K nnn"3ri-nK mD^"?
granates;' and he did the same for [the network :n"'jwn n-in3^ nti/y "•JKiin
]3i
on] the second capital. '"^The capitals upon the
columns of the portico were of lily design, 4 cu-
:ni73K y3"lK d'71K3 ]]U'\\U r[pV)2
bits high; -"so also the capitals upon the two col-
umns extended above and next to the bulge.'
that was beside the network. There were 200 HDnwrr r(22\u nny'p iu;k ju^n nrîjbn
pomegranates in rows around the top of the sec-

ond capital.^ iTT'JwrT iTinan
2iHe set up the columns at the portico of the wp^^ b'2^r\r} n'pK^ nnjpyn-riK bpî 21
Great Hall; he set up one column on the right
and named it Jachin, and he set up the other

-riK Knp"! "''p'Knwn -n)3yri-nK bp^î
column on the left and named it Boaz. 22Upon
ntz/yp Dnijayn u/xn bv^ :: : ryn m^vj
the top of the columns there was a lily design.
Thus the work of the columns was completed.

--"^Then he made the tank' of cast metal, 10 cu-
bits across from brim to brim, completely U7)prn n-'iiD 1

"7^:7 irisu;-iv inat^/n
round; it was 5 cubits high, and it measured 30 n)3K3 u-'^jbvj ^'p^ mpi injplp n)3K3
cubits in circumference. --iThere were gourds nnnn in'K lo^
n-'VpQT--' :^"'?C)
below the brim completely encircling it — ten to
n?3K3 'wv iriK D^nlD b-'nu 1 '\n^\Db
a cubit, encircling the tank; the gourds were in
two rows, cast in one piece with it. -''It stood

">ju;-'7y -[hv 25 : 1rip;^"'3 "'p^^ D"'Vi?3n
upon twelve oxen: three facing north, three fac-
ing west, three facing south, and three facing

east, with the tank resting upon them; their ^'r[vjbw^ nîj D-ilQ I
nu/Vu7i tm^) i
Dîa
haunches were all turned inward. -Ht was a nbvribr^ nn^b"^ D^ni nn-jTD u-î^
handbreadth thick, and its brim was made like
that of a cup, like the petals of a lily. Its capacity
was 2,000 baths.
-"He made the ten laver stands of bronze. The

vniK niynj -it:7y nlJ3)3n-nK u/vi 27
"
h Two Heb. ma. rcnJ "pomcgranata.
i About fifty Heb. ma. read "columns."
j Lit. of Heb. uncertain,
"belly"; exact force
k I.e., each of the two capitab.

I Lit. "jfo."
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 7.39
T K D^s'r^ n^K^na
length of each laver stand was 4 cubits and the

yniKl J^nKpT nji3?3n ]n;K n?2K:a
width 4 cubits, and the height was 3 cubits. ^SThe
innnip ni3i<:i \ub^j^ nnni n?3K3
structure of the laver stands was as follows: Thev
nrib nn^pw nji^ran nti/yjp nivs
had insets,'" and there were insets within the
frames; 29and on the insets within the frames
were lions, oxen, and cherubim. Above the
frames was a stand; and both above and below
the lions and the oxen were spirals of hammered npv^ ni^'"? lp^:lb^ nr-jx'? nnri^T
metal. 30Each laver stand had four bronze
-ivheels and [two] bronze axletrees. Its four legs i^n'>3V3 nyn-iKi nû'm ^npi nriKri
had brackets; the brackets were under the laver,
nipyi nQri5nW''3^ rinri)3 nrib nana
cast '^-with spirals beyond each.-'^ 3iits funnel,
nnna^ nîn in^Dvî :x^vb u/^k inv'?
within the crovm, rose a cubit above it; this fun-
nel was round, in the fashion of a stand, a cubit
and a half in diameter. On the funnel too there

were carvings. :ni'7;ii7 iib niynn?3 nrr'niApni
But the insets were square, not round. 3:And nii^tpra'? nnnn':? DîaiKn nvinKi32
below the insets were the four wheels. The laiKH nmp) njiDj33 nîiaiKn niTi
axletrees of the wheels were [fixed] in the laver
nu;i;)pT33 :n?3KrT ^yni n?3K inxn
stand, and the height of each wheel was a cubit
nniT nn3-i?3n ]dik ntî/jpa n^jQixn
and a half 33Xhe structure of the wheels was like
the structure of chariot wheels;
Van annii^m an^pi^m nrr^Âi
and their axle-
trees, their rims, their spokes, niiia yn-iK '7xniDn3 ynnKi34 :py^j3
and their hubs
were all of cast metal. 34Four brackets ran to the
:n^Qn3 np^pn-p nnxn m^Tarr
four corners of each laver stand; the brackets
were of a piece with the laver stand. 35At the top n^n'T^ np)2r\ \uki bv^ 2^2V 1 ^7^:;
of the laver stand was a round band half a cubit
n'n^rr-'?:; nn3ii36 :n3)3)3 n-'nnapai
high, and together with the top of the laver
n^:nn3 n^nhAp^D n^jmAc?3T "'^yi n^n'T
stand; its sides and its insets were of one piece
:n^np nv'^î u/^k'^V??^ n'i^^m ninx
with it. 36rf-On its surface—on its sides— and on
its insets [Hiram] engraved cherubim, lions,
py^n nlJDJprr -)iuv nx nu/y nxT3 37
and palms, as the clear space on each allowed,-'^
D : Tiirib^b inx ny[7. nnx ni)2 ihk
with spirals roundabout. 37It was after this man- "VÎK n\u'r\2 nin'â nntz/y u/y^Tss
ner that he made the ten laver stands, n)3K|i ynnK inKn
all of them li^^rr 1
nn
^7^3^
cast alike, of the same measure and the same np)3ri-bv nriK niâ iriKn mân
form. 38Then he made ten bronze lavers, one
.•niji3?3n ^\u:jb nriKn
laver on each of the ten laver stands, each laver
qna-"?:/ \u)2ri nubân-nK ]n'')-^^
measuring 4 cubits and each laver containing
fort)^ baths.
n^nn qna'^^v ^pni yri'i'n nîiri
39He disposed the laver stands, five at the ri^ht
m Emendation yields "frames."

NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 7.39 KD"'D'7)3 d-'k-'DJ
side of the House and five at its left side; and

the tank he placed on the right side of the House,
at the southeast [corner].
4*'Hiram also made the lavers, the scrapers,

nip-jmn-riKi
and the sprinkling bowls.
So Hiram finished all the work that he had

nf)K^)3rT-'73-nK ^nwvb xiyn ^73^1
been doing for King Solomon on the House of

the Lord: ^'the two columns, the two globes of
the capitals upon the columns; and the two
pieces of network to cover the two globes of the

capitals upon the columns; '*2the four hundred
n"'j>3"iri-nKi42 tnniKjyn ^K'^-bv
pomegranates for the two pieces of network,
nniu-'JU7 riiDnt^n ^n^b nmn vnnis
two rows of pomegranates for each network, to
^nuz-riK niD?"? nriKrinnnw^ u'îm,
cover the two globes of the capitals upon the
columns; -'•Hhe ten stands and the ten lavers
inniTavn ^);^-bv iu/k nin3n riâ
upon the stands; -i^the one tank with the twelve ni^sn-riKi 'wv nip)3rT-nj;<i -t-^
oxen underneath the tank; '^Hhe pails, the scrap- iriKH n^n-riKi 44 : nijbjpn-b'v nitz/y
ers, and the sprinkling bowls. All those vessels :n=jn nnn ^tiv-w^w "ii73n-nKi
in the House of the Lord that Hiram made for
DKi D-'V^n-riKi nlT'pn-nKi -js
King Solomon were of burnished bronze. •*(^The

r[bkr\ VnKn a"''73n-'73 jiki nlpiTân
king had them cast "in earthen molds," in the
mn-' n-'n riribti Tî^b uyn nu/y iu/n
plain of the Jordan between Succoth and
Dj?^:' ni?n "1333 46 :un)3n nu;nj
Zarethan. 47Solomon left all the vessels [un-
weighed] because of their very great quantity; P31 ni3p P3 npiKH n3i;)33 "qîan
the weight of the bronze was not reckoned. D"''73n-'73-nK 'ririb^ ^y'^^' :irn^
^p.u/p -ij7nj iib nK73 ikd 31?3
"•^Ând Solomon made all the furnishings that
were in the House of the Lord: the altar, of gold;

the table for the bread of display, of gold; 'I'^the
n^3 "iWK D''^3n-'73 riK riribvj U/v"."! •***
kmipstands — five on the right side and five on

n3m nx mn-"
-iWK ]nVu7n-nKi
the left — in front of the Shrine, of solid gold;
3rTTrT
and the petals, lamps, and tongs, of gold; 50the

nnjjpn-nK") 49 : nnr d^jsh nn"? vbv
basins, snuffers, sprinkling bowls, ladles, and I'-nirT 'jq'? "îKbwn wnrn yt^'^n u/nn
fire pans, of soHd gold; and the hinge sockets DTipb'Tprn nnjirn nisrn nuD 17\]
f or t he doors of the innermost part ot the House, mp-iTQni miDinm msDm?" :3rTT
the Holy of Holies, and for the doors of the Great nlriQrn 'r\yq ir\\ ninnîrn mssm
Hall ot the House, of gold.
n^'U/iij'rT ^"ipb ')3"'J3n n^nn mn'71'7
n-n Lit. "in the thick of ihc earth." Q :3nT '73"'n'7 n^3n ^rh^b
lie
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 8.9 n KD"'3'7W QW^j
51 When all the work that King Solomon had

done in the House of the Lord was completed, riitibp Kn^T mn;" XT';? riribp "q^T^n
Solomon brought in the sacred donations of his -riKi c]D3rT-nK vnK iit i
'u/ii^-riK
father David — the silver, the gold, and the ves-
n-'n nnyK3 ]ni D-'^pan-nKi nn-Tri
sels —and deposited them in the treasury of the
Q :mn"'
House of the Lord.
8 Then Solomon convoked the elders of Is- bk'W'! \2\prni<, riizhp br\p'^ tk I I
rael — all the heads of the tribes and the ancestral ninKH ^k'>m nlujpri 'u;K-i"'73-nK
chieftains of the Israelites —before King Solo- nhujî-! ri)2bp -^hy^ri-hK hi<>'yxj'> '>nb
mon in Jerusalem, to bring up the Ark of the
1)1 Tiyj? nin"'-rT'-!5 plK-riK n'\bvrib
Covenant of the Lord from the City of David,
: ]i^y K-in
that is, Zion.
\u''K-b'^ h'Tzbp ':\b)3ri-bi<, ^bT\^^''^2
2A11 the men of Israel gathered before King
Solomon at the Feast, « in the month of Etha- ûinri Kin Ann n^JriKn nn^n bkip^
nim — that is, the seventh month. -^When all the iKU/^T b^'W'^ 'jpT b^ wnî 3 : 'y'lnwri
elders of Israel had come, the priests lifted the ]nK-nK ^bv'^^j :p"iKn-nK a-'jn'Bn
Ark 4and carried up the Ark of the Lord. Then ''73-'73-nKi nyin '7nK-nKi h)'n->
the priests and the Levites brought the Tent of
ijnan uriK ^bv/]) '7nKn n\^K ûi^pn
Meeting and all the holy vessels that were in
nny-^DT riiib\i; "^br^riî :D;'l^ni
the Tent. SMeanwhile, King Solomon and the
]lnKn ^2^b inK vbv Dîyl^n ^bi<,-w'<
whole community of Israel, who were assem-
bled with him before the Ark, were sacrificing
kb) î^rD-!-i<"riK a''jn3n° iKnî 6
6The priests brought the Ark of the Lord's v;'ip^-bi<, rrJiiri 'T'nn-'7K 1n1p)p-'7K
Covenant to its place underneath the wings of '3 7 :D"'3n3n 'DJ3 nnn-'7K Qû/nj^n
the cherubim, in the Shrine of the House, in the
Holy of Holies; ''for the cherubim had their

-"7:71 ilnxn-'?:/ D\n"i3n i3'dî plKn
wings spread out over the place of the Ark, so
^Kni'l "wi'^n î3nK:!i s : n^v^'pp ^"'"^?
that the cherubim shielded the Ark and its poles
from above. ^The poles projected so that the "i"'3'in ''J3"'7i7 û/nprrijp D^'nnn ""U/k"!
ends of the poles were visible in the sanctuary
in front of the Shrine, but they could not be seen D"'i3Kn nlnV ^^w pi pnxn pK 9 : mn
outside; and there they remain to this day.
n"i3 "iu;k ninn np)2 uuj mn "iii/K
^There was nothing inside the Ark but the two
ynK)? nriKyn bkip'> ''n-uv n)n'>
tablets of stone which Moses placed there at Ho-
reb, when the Lord made [a covenant] with the
Israelites after their departure from the land of
Egypt.
a I.e., of Booths. Cf. Lev. 23.34.
Ill
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 8.10 n K W^bn D-'K-'nj
lowhen the priests came out of the sanctu-

ary — for the cloud had filled the House of the
Lord 'and ' the priests were not able to remain
and perform the service because of the cloud,

3 -.nyii rT'^-riK mn:'"iin3 Kbrz
for the Presence of the Lord filled the House
— riribp ipx tk '2
of the Lord '-then Solomon declared:
"The Lord has chosen

To abide in a thick cloud: :'7Q-ij;3 p\ub
'-''I have now built for You 'H-'jn Tin 13
A stately House,
A place where You
May dwell forever." .W'nb'w
'''Then, with the whole congregation of Israel
-b2 riK •^-in^T rJSTiN ^b't2r[ ^v^^ ^
standing, the king faced about and blessed the
whole congregation of Israel. '-"^He said:

npv bi<,'wi b^ly>-b:i^ bKiiiJ-; brip
"Praised be the Lord, the God of Israel, ''-who

has fulfilled with deeds the promise He made-'' vpn i3"i -iu;k bk'i\u'> ^ribif^ r[)7]'> "1113
to my father David. For He said, '^'Ever since ])pi6 :n)3K'7 K^jp npT 'nK m.T riK
I brought My people Israel out of Egypt, I have
not chosen a city among all the tribes of Israel lunu; V3P -]'>v'2 'mnn-K'? bnyDn
for building a House where My name might
u\u i'dm; nvrr'? n""? nun'? b^-iiiji
abide; but I have chosen David to rule My peo-
:
b^'ipi I'BiJ-b^ n'i'TT'? f 115 "ip^^l
ple Israel.'
'""Now my father David had intended to nî nin^ -"nK nn nn^-nv ""n^T''
build a House for the name of the Lord, the mn;" idk""! >« : bif.iiu'! iribi<i nyi'' du;^
God of Israel. '^But the Lord said to my father iinnb'-DV n^rr -iu;k ]vi ""nK ~i'^xbi<.
David, 'As regards your intention to build a -uv rrin ""s nnûri mpb nin nm"?
House for My name, you did right to have that p n^nn mnn t(b nni<^ pn '^ '^'^'^^
intention. '^However, you shall not build the
n^-^n nn'>-i<,'\ri T'Y'pnn ky^h ^^-dk
House yourself; instead, your son, the issue of
your loins, shall build the House for My name.'
u\?i<s) "15"! "lU/K nn^-riK n)n'> u^?,l^
20
-""And the Lord has fulfilled the promise that
He made: I have succeeded'" my father David
and have ascended the throne of Israel, as the Du;"? iTiiin nnKi nin"" ini "iu/k3
Lord promised. I have built the House for the DU; DU/NVi :'7K-1U7'' 'H'tn mH''
nameoftheLoRD,theGodofIsrael;-'andIhave nwK nrrr' nnn Dipnu/K ]1"ik^ mp?p
set a place there for the Ark, containing the cov-
enant which the Lord made with our fathers
D : Dnyn
when He brought them out from the land of
Egypt."
b-b ti/. "iv/io 5/>ob.' with tiii own moiilh . . . iitui liiis futfilleil »if/i
"
Ho own hand.
c Lit. 'men in place of.
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 8.32 n K D"'3'7)3 a^'K^nj
22Then Solomon stood before the altar of the i^j nhri'', nnm ^^2^b riiibp "T"ni7:ii22
Lord in the presence of the whole community

of Israel; he spread the palms of his hands to- în3-]iK '^K-jt^T irt'7K n)!!'' n?3Kî 23
ward heaven 23and said, "O Lord God of Israel,
Vl^^^n'^^Vl ^V^^ D^)3u;n n"'rT'7K
in the heavens above and on the earth below
'qnny'? "ronm nn^ri np'u; nnnn
there is no god like You, who keep Your gracious
covenant with Your servants when they walk be-

foreYou in wholehearted devotion; 2-iYou who nnn^—i\z;k jik 'iK in "î^vb rii)?U7
have kept the promises You made to Your serv- :mn UV3 nKj7j3 îpT "Ji^Qn nnirri '\b
ant, my father David, fulfiUing with deeds the
promise You made — as is now the case. 25And

now, O Lord God of Israel, keep the further
promise that You made to Your servant, my fa-
^""jn nnu/^-nx pi b^'w^ i^^^'bv
ther David: 'Your line on the throne of Israel
shall never end, if only your descendants will

look to their way and walk before Me as you KJ "[nx;' ^K-iU7^ 'rf'^K nriVT26 i-'jq'?
have walked before Me.' 26Now, therefore, O 1)1 'înv'? riiii -iu;k ^1:11 -[nm
God of Israel, let the promise that You made
to Your servant my father David be fulfilled.
mrTY"!Kn-'7V nipKn '3 27
ti''rT'7K nu;;'
27"But wiU God really dwell^ on earth? Even

c]K î'73'7D-' i(b b-'n^n -"pu/T n^b^n
the heavens to their uttermost reaches cannot
n^jDT28 :^n->n lyjK nrn n^nn-'a
contain You, how much less this House that I
-^TibK mn-" in|nri-'7K'i -îny nJ^sn-b'K

have built! ^SYet turn, O Lord my God, to the
prayer and supplication of Your servant, and

hear the cry and prayer which Your servant °nl''n^29 :Qi-in ;)->jd'7 bb^nr} T]ini7
offers before You this day. 29May Your eyes be Q'i^l n^;''? n-iri n:'nn-'7K ninriQ •qi^'y
open day and night toward this House, toward

the place of which You have said, 'My name shall "înv b'/'sn-' -1U7K n^DnrT-'7K Vbu;'?
abide there'; may You heed the prayers which
Your servant will offer toward this place. ÔAnd

-'7K ^bb^T)-^, i\uK bk'W'> ^?3yi ']i:iv
when You hear the supplications which Your
servant and Your people Israel offer toward this
Dlpjp-'7K ynu;ri nnxf hth ii7)3n
place, give heed in Your heavenly abode — give
heed and pardon. n-KU7Jl ^nvib V"'k Kun;; iu;x nK3i

31 "Whenever one man commits an offense ^nntn 'jq'p nbK Kin ln'7KrT^ n^K
against another, and the latter utters an impre- wiQwri vnvjn 1
nnKi32 :n;Tri irins
cation to bring a curse upon him, and comes nwv)
v^vjirib '^"'-iny-nK nv^vj)
with his imprecation before Your altar in this
House, 32oh, hear in heaven and take action to
judge Your servants, condemning him who is
d 2 Chron. 6.18 adds "with man.
729
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 8.32 n K D''D'7a D-'x-'nj
in the wrong and bringing down the punish- p^^y p"'"nvn^^ lu;Kh:n i3-i"i nn^ yw-i
ment of his conduct on his head, vindicating D :ini7iY3 i"? nri'7
him who is in the right by rewarding him ac- 1U7K 3^lK 'Jq'7 '7K-itz;"' 'Ti'nv "qii^nn^^
cording to his righteousness.
^l^w-nK mni y'pK inu/T q'^-iKun:^
^^"Should Your people Israel be routed by an
:n;Tri n;'33 "^"'^k iJ^nnni ib^'ânni
enemy because they have sinned against You,
nKun"? nn'pDi wiciîri vnu/n nnKi 34
and then turn back to You and acknowledge
Your name, and they offer prayer and suppli-
cation to You in this House, •''''oh, hear in heaven
and pardon the sin of Your people Israel, and
restore them to the land that You gave to their n-TH lp)2n-'7K i'7'7Qnni •q'^-iKun;'
fathers.
^"^"Shouid the heavens be shut up and there

nn^D") ni,r2wr( ypwn 1 nriKi 3^ : Dji^n
be no because they have sinned against
rain,
You, and then they pray toward this place and

nnin •3 '^k-ju;-' "^^pyT V™ nKyn'7
acknowledge Your name and repent of their
sins, when You answer^ them, ^ôh, hear in
heaven and pardon the sin of Your servants.

Your people Israel, after You have shown them ""a ^'7"'pn n^'iK ]ip"i^ ]i3^^> n^rTi-^B
the proper way in which they are to walk; and vivp y~iK3 in^K i^'iv,"! ""s n^n^
send down rain upon the land which You gave -^3 n'73n-'73 3f< :n'7nn-'73 yAr'73
to Your people as their heritage. 37So, too, if
î^v "^b"? D-iKn-'73'7 n^nri nwK njnn
there is a famine in the land, if there is pestilence,
U/-I3T inn"? VAJ w-'K pi^l!' "^W^ î<''^V''.
blight, mildew, locusts or caterpillars, or if an
enemy oppresses them in any of the settlements y)2wn nnKf39 :nTri n-'sn-'^K vss
of the land. rr'tz/vi nnbv) "Tinnu; ]i3a "'^wn
"In any plague and in any disease, 38in any -riK vin lUJK T'3"ii-'733 \iJ''Kh nnjT
prayer or supplication offered by any person nnV-riK '?]i3'7 nvi"! nriK'"'3 1:13^
among all Your people Israel —each of whom
knows his own affliction —when he spreads his
npiKH 'JS'b'y D"";"!! an—iu;k Dîn^n
palms toward this House, -''ôh, hear in Your
heavenly abode, and pardon and take action!
Render to each man according to his ways as
'7K")ti7T ^)3V)3"K'7 "I^K n3^n-'7K Dll "
You know his heart to be — for You alone know :"^?3\z; ]vr2b npin-i ynxp N3T Kin
the hearts of all men — '"so that they may revere
You all the days that they live on the land that
You gave to our fathers.
•""Or if a foreigner who is not of Your people

Israel comes from a distant land for the sake of
Your name — '-for thev shall hear about Your
The Septtiiijînt. wilh n iliffcrctit voiiiliztilioti, rank "chmnse.
730
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 8.52 n K D"'3'7n n^N^nj
great name and Your mighty hand and Your

outstretched arm —when he comes to pray to- D"'?3\|;n vt2\ur\ nriK -i? : n-in n^^n-b'K
ward this House, i-'ôh, hear in Your heavenly
abode and grant all that the foreigner asks You
y-ixn ')3y-'73']iy-ri ]V'?'p 'I^J^n ^'^k
for. Thus all the peoples of the earth will know
Your name and revere You, as does Your people
Israel; and they will recognize that Your name
is attached to this House that I have built.
'i"i"When Your people take the field against
their enemy by whatever way You send them, qni nin^-b'K i'7'73nm Dnî:;ji -i\z;k
and they pray to the Lord in the direction of
the city which You have chosen, and of the

nn^srrnK n"')?\£7rT nv?^! ^^^ :^72\L;b
House which I have built to Your name, -^-ôh,
hear in heaven their prayer and supplication

-i<b "i\^K b"]K i^N ^3 q^-iNun;'. ^3 ^6
and uphold their cause.
'i6"When they sin against You — for there is

3"'lK -"JD^ DrinjT an najxi Kun^
no man who does not sin —and You are angn,- n|7ln-i nîxn ynK'^^x bn^n'u; duu;i
with them and deliver them to the enemy, and y-!K3 3'7-'7K inû;m47 :nni-ip Ik
their captors carr)' them off to an enemy land, ?]-''7K iJ^nnm i ^'2^j^ n\Lj-^:lp^ n\^K
near or far; "I'and then they take it to heart in
inyrri ^jkuh 'irî^b brfn'u; y"!K3
the land to which they have been carried off,
-^733^ 033^7-^33 '^•'^ ^:\^j^^» ^î^VÎ
and they repent and make supplication to You
DJiK i3U7-nu;K nrii3^x y-iK3 nu^s;
in the land of their captors, saying: 'We have
sinned, we have acted perversely, we have acted
wickedly,' -i*ând they turn back to You with all
nu/K n'liim rnn3 "i\^k n^vn Qnl3K^
their heart and soul, in the land of the enemies nvwi^'^ -W^^ '^'^?
b^)3\i7n ^'^^
who have carried them off, and they pray to You nn^nn-nxi Dn^srrnK ^r\:iw ]13)3
in the direction of their land which You gave nu7K ']'B:;b ^\nb\D^'ô .u\3^\ui2 nû^V"!
to their fathers, of the cit)' which You have cho-
Ti3nyu73 nu7K ur\^v\uB-b:ib^ Tj^-^Kpn
sen, and of the House which I ha\e built to Your
name — 49oh, give heed in Your heavenly abode
:m?pn-!i nr[^2\u ^2^b D^prn.'? dpijijt
to their prayer and supplication, uphold their

HKYin -i\^K on "^ri^nji ^?3V""'3 5i
cause, 50and pardon Your people who have nlvb??; :'7n3n "n3 înn any????
sinned against You for all the transgressions that -bK) i\i2^ n^nrrb'K nlnna ^'py
they have committed against You. Grant them
mercy in the sight of their captors that they may
be merciful to them. 5iFor they are Your very
own people that You freed from Egypt, from
the midst of the iron furnace. -'-May Your eyes
be open to the supplication of Your ser\'ant and

the supplication of Your people Israel, and may
731
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 8.52 n K D''3'7)3 D-'N-'nj
upon You. Vnn DrT-''7N vr2\ub '^Kltp"' -^)2V n|nj;i

You heed them whenever they call
-=^3For You, O Lord God, have set them apart
for Yourself from all the peoples of the earth nnin ~iu;k3 VIkh ^"bv b'^r} T^bmb
as Your very own, as You promised through
Moses Your servant when You freed our fathers
3 :mn:' ""nK Dny)3)3
from Egypt."
54
-bK ^'7'73nn'7 Tiribp nl'753 1
^nî
54When Solomon finished offering to the
Lord all this prayer and supplication, he rose riKTn mnnm nb^nn-b:^ hk mn^
in front of vsin-b'y V"!3p r[)n^ n:aTp ^:i^br2 u\?
from where he had been kneeling,
the altar of the Lord, his hands spread out to- '^nn"'T 'ihv'i}^^ :um\LJri nw'^B vb^)
ward heaven. '^^He stood, and in a loud voice n'TpK"? "7^^ "7117 bK'W'' '^ni?"'^? dk
blessed the whole congregation of Israel:
5^"Praised be the Lord who has granted a ha-

ifiK nni '^dj-k'p "131 "iu;k '733 bkÛJ^
ven to His people Israel, just as He promised;
T^p'n -r}3 i3"i ~iu;k niun iini Vsn
not a single word has failed of all the gracious
promises that He made through His servant nu;K3 iJ)2V iJ"'n'7K mn^ •'n^ 57 : mv
Moses. -'^^May the Lord our God be with us, as .^:ivj\D'>-bK) ^n]V''_-bi<, irnnK-nv n^ri
He was with our fathers. May He never abandon T'ini-'^Dn n^"?^ v'^k inn"? niun'? ss
or forsake us. 58May He incline our hearts to -iu;k vusu/pT i''|?rn T'r1^Yr3 "inpb)
Him, that we may walk in all His ways and keep
nbk nn"! vri^.^^'^ :ij-'nnK-nK my
the commandments, the laws, and the rules,
-'7K 'lij? nin^ ^2Bb ^^n:^nrin iwk
which He enjoined upon our fathers. 59And may
these words of mine, which I have offered in
I nw:jb n^^'71 pv '^:^''ribK mn^
-nnT '7K-1W:' 1)22; uqwdt nnv uqu;d
supplication before the Lord, be close to the
He may pro- y-iKH ''r?v-b^ nv\]ViQb(>o -.mv^. uv
Lord our God day and night, that
vide for His servant and for His people Israel, n-'ni^'i :i"ii7 pK t:"'n'7Kn wn mn^ ^3
according to each day's needs ^^to the end that
all the peoples of the earth may know that the

.r[^n UV2 vniYD "iripb) vpn:^
Lord alone is God, there is no other. 'And may ^
nnr D-'nn'T 1)3V '7K-}\f;''-'73i "^'piam^^
you be wholehearted with the Lord our God, î^b
n3T riK riribp nnT""!^-^ •.r['\p'>
to walk in His ways and keep His command-

Dnu/y -1173 "mn"''? n3T -iwn D-inbii/n
ments, even as now."
62The king and all Israel with him offered ri'7K nnu/VT HKn ]Kyi ^bi<. d^jwt
Lord. f^-^Solomon offered ^J3-'73T -^bipri mn^ ni3-nK i33nn
sacrifices before the
22,000 oxen and 120,000 sheep as sacrifices ot wip Kinn nv2

-riK "^bi^ri '7K-1W '^
' :
well-being to the Lord. Thus the king and all -13 nin^-n-i? ^:iBb i^k i^nn ~iin
the Israelites dedicated the House of the Lord.

riKT nnj)3n-nKT nVyn-nx u^j niuv
'^••That day the king consecrated the center of
the court that was in front of the House ot the
Lord. For it was there that he presented the

NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 9.
u K U^2b^ a-'xiu
burnt offerings, the meal offerings, and the fat -]\UK np'mri nnT^-13 u^r2b\L;ri \n^n
parts of the offerings of well-being, because
the
bronze altar that was before the Lord was too
small to hold the burnt offerings, the
meal
offerings, and the fat parts of the offerings of
well-being. KinVn =711^ brip^ \j2U bi<iiu->-b2)
65So Solomon and all Israel with him — a great
mn^ '^}^h Dnyn hnriv i
n?3n
assemblage, [coming] from Lebo-hamath to
the Wadi of Eg>^t/—obser\'ed the Feast"
at that
time before the Lord our God, seven days and
again seven days, fourteen days all. <^fÔn the m
eighth day^ he let the people go. They bade the
king good-bye and went to their homes,
nnv '\r\b r})n] ntf/v î^'k nniun
joAtul
and glad of heart o\-er all the goodness that the Am bi<.^\D^b^
Lord had shown to His ser\-ant David and His

people Israel.
y When Solomon had finished building the "jIk r^^l^2b rinb\u m^^s ^nî w
House of the Lord and the royal palace and "^3 nxi -]bizri n^B-riKi nin^n-'n
everything that Solomon had set his heart on
D -.nwvb Y^n i^K ririb^ p\^n
constructing, -the Lord appeared to Solomon
a second time, as He had appeared
1117X3 n^;^ Tiiib^-bK nin^ Ky^2
to him at
Gibeon. ^The Lord said to him, "I have heard
vbi<, mu-^^ iDK"! 3 : ]li73;3 vbi<, hkij
the prayer and the suppUcation which you
ha\-e
offered to Me. I consecrate this House ji^3n-nx
which ^n^f/ij^n '"î^b nrij^nrin
you have built and I set xMy name there forever. ny u^' -^^Mj-u^^b nnj3 niyx n-irr
My eyes and My heart shall ever be there. Âs :Dip^rT-'73 nu; ^3^1 ^ry VT^^ a'pi:;
for you, if you walk before iVIe as \-our father
David walked before Me, \vholeheartedly and

with uprightness, doing all that I have com-
'^'33 r\Wvb lU/'bT 33'7-an3 'î3K
manded you [and] keeping My laws and Mv n'î^-n lysti-'TpT yn ^^nîy iu;k
rules, nhen will establish vour throne
I
of king-
bir\^^-bv ^niy)^)2 Kp3-nK 'n?apni 5
ship over Israel forever, as I promised vour fa- ^^3K ^^'Tbv 1JT13-I iu;k3 nVy^
ther David, sa\'ing, 'Your hne on the throne of KD3 bv)2 \Dî<. '^b r^^^2^-iib -ih^b
Israel shall never end.' 6[But] if you and vour 3^J3i DriK ]^^py\ 3iu;-aK ^ : bi<.-w^
descendants turn away from Me and do not
keep the commandments [and] the laws which
^n'7K briini;! Qji^^rii D3ijq'7 ^nnj
I have set before you, and go and ser\-e other
gods and worship them, "then ^ni3m" inn'p nnînni^-m nnnK
I %vill sweeps- Is-
/ I.e., coming from one end of the country to the other,

g I.e.. of the second seven-day feast; cf. 2 Chron. 7.8-10.
a Lit. "cut."
NEvfiM 1 KINGS 9.7 u KD"'3'7)3 D^K^nj
rael off the land which I gave them; I will reject''
the House which I have consecrated to My mvjb ^nu/^pn -iu;k hîin-nKi urih
name; and Israel shall become a proverb and a
^\pi2b '7N-1U;"' n^rn îb bv-n nb\ui<.
bv-word among all peoples. **And 'as for this
n-TH nîim« :D'')3vn-'733 nrju/'î
House, once so exalted,' everyone passing by
it shall be appalled and shall hiss.'' And when
they ask, 'Why did the Lord do thus to the land
yiK^ nD3 mni nif/y niz-h:; t^^kt
and to this House?' "^they shall be told, 'It is be- '^\^K bv nnxT ^ : mn n-'n^'T nN-Tn
cause they forsook the Lord their God who Kî^ln ~iu;k n"'n'7K n]n''-nK ujv
freed them from the land of Egypt, and they cm- ipTn='i h^'^'^)2 y-iKD DnnK-riK
braced other gods and worshiped them and unb ^^r\^\\u'>^ ^nn\u•<^ DnriK dt1'7K3
served them; therefore the Lord has brought
riK urj^bv mn^ N^nn ]3-bv ~rnv!'l
all this calamity upon them.'"
'"At the end of the twenty years^ during which

Solomon constructed the two buildings, the
Lord's House and the royal palace — "since mn^ n^^-riK D-innn ""Jwtik riiibp
King Hiram of Tyre had supplied Solomon with Ktpj 'iV-^'pD niTi " :"n'73ari rriii-nKi
all the cedar and cypress timber and gold that
he required — King Solomon in turn gave Hi-

ririb^j qb')an°]rT' m iyQn-'?^'? nnpT
ram twenty towns in the region of Galilee. '-But
•.b^b^r[ yiKn -i"'V Dntz/y niTi^
when Hiram came from Tyre to inspect the
nnyriTiK hiK")'? i2^n nn-'n ky"") 12
towns that Solomon had given him, he was not
pleased with them. '^"My brother," he said,
ivrva nu/T Kb) Titibvj I'^'inJ "iu^k
"what sort of towns are these you have given nnnrnu/K nbkr[ nnvn nn nipk'''! 13
me?" So they were named the land of Cabul,/ Di^'n nv b^'il:2 yiK hrib k-jj?"'! ""nK ^b
as is still the case. '-iHowever, Hiram sent the nxw "^br^b D-j^n nbp^^^-i d inrn
king one hundred and twenty talents of gold. :nriT n33 anU/yi
'5This was the purpose of the forced labor
'^brpri I n'7i;ri-"iWK D?3n-"i5i nn '?
which Solomon imposed: It was to build the

in-'n-nKT mn"' n">5-nK nun"? riribvj
House of the Lord, his own palace, the Millo,j;
and the and

riK") pjîpn"' nnin hkt K#?2n-nKi
wall of lerusaiem, [to fortify] Ha-
zor, Megiddo, and Gezer. ('f'Pharaoh king of "^b-D ny-)? ntrnxi nAp-nKT -lyn
16
Egypt had come up and captured Gezer; he de- np-iu/"") "iirriN id"?"") n^y anYa
stroyed it by fire, killed the Canaanites who A~jn "I'lyii ^û'^n 'jyjDn-nKT u;n3
dwelt in the town, and gave it as dowry to .riiibw nu/K inn^ wnbû mnî
his daughter, Solomon's wife.) '''So Solomon
fin n"';n-nK"i nrrriK ritibp ]2'>'\\7
b Lit. "ili>misi from My presence. "

c-c Targiim and some other ancient versions read "and this House
shall become a ruin.
d An action performed at the sight of ruin to ward off a like fate
from the observer; cf. note at Jer. I H.I 6.
e See 6.38-7.1.
f Perhaps taken to mean "as nothing.
g A citadel.
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 9.28 K U^2br2 nwij
fortified Gezer, lower Beth-horon, '^Baalith, imn nnn-riKT n57i75-nKii« :]innn

and Tamar'' in the wilderness, in the land [of
Judah], iând of Solomon's garrison towns,

all
riKT nDnn ny hxi ri'nbpb vri nu/K
chariot towns, and cavalry towns —everything
that Solomon set his heart on building in Je-
rusalem and in the Lebanon, and throughout

the territory that he ruled. 20AII the people that
-p "inlJin Dyn-'73 2o nn'pu/pn pK
were left of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, "i.u;k "'pn^ri'i "'inriH'iQri "nnn njGxri
Hivites, and Jebusites who were not of the Is-
raelite stock — 21 those of their descendants who

remained in the land and whom the Israelites -D)3'7 ntbvj D'7i7:'i DJpnnn^ î^^'^P''
were not able to annihilate — of these Solomon
bk']p^ ''Jîp^22 :n;TrT nvri iv liv
made a slave force, as is still the case. -^But he
W2K an-'3 nny riy2bp ]T\yi<^
did not reduce any Israelites to slavery; they
n.tf/T vijbvj-] vyu) Vnnvi nrznbr^ri
served, rather, as warriors and as his attendants,
officials, and officers, and as commanders of his
chariotry and cavalry.
23These were the prefects that were in charge Dnnn niK)3 u/pni n^\i7?pn riii2b\ijb
of Solomon's works and were foremen over the :n3K^)32i n-iu/Vri Dvn
people engaged in the work, who numbered -bK i)"! n-'V)? nn'?:/ n'y-iQ-nii i^k 24
550.'
-riK mil TK n'7-nn "IU7K nn'^:!
^-lAs soon as Pharaoh's daughter went up
from the City of David to the palace that he had
buik for her, he built the Millo.c?
nj\Fn nijpys V7U; rii^bp r[bvm 25
25Solomon used to offer burnt offerings and
sacrifices of well-being three times a year on the mn^ 'JD^ ^^)UK iriK i^'upni nin-''?
altar that he had built for the Lord, and;-he used :rT'3rT-nK ubp)
to offer incense on the one that was before the nnrivyyn Tirib\ij ^^jan "ntpv ^Kpe
Lord. And he kept the House in repair.-/
26King Solomon also built a fleet of ships at
Ezion-geber, which is near Eloth*-' on the shore

inny-riK ^^jkii d-jti nbm 27 : dhk
of the Sea of Reeds in the land of Edom. 27Hiram
: ri)2bp nnv uv nin •'i/T ni'JK i^jk
sent servants of his with the fleet, mariners who -y3"!K nnr b\i7)p inp'"! nn^DiK iK'nî 28
were experienced on the sea, to serve with Sol-

omon's men. -**They came to Ophir; there they
obtained gold in the amount of four hundred

and twenty talents, which they delivered to King
Solomon.
/i So kethib, cf. Ezek. 47.19, 4S.2S- qere Tadnwr.

I r/ieiV names are not listed in tlie text,
j-j Meaning of Heb. uncertain,

k Elsewhere called Elath.
735
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 10.1 > KD"'D'7)3 n^K^nj
10 The queen of Sheba heard of Solomon's

fame, "through the name of the Lord," and she in'DJ^ K'nni mn-' uwb riribti
came to test him with hard questions. ^She ar-
rived in Jerusalem with a very large retinue, with
camels bearing spices, a great quantity of gold,

rirhw-bi^ knni nij?^ ]nKi ~i'kd
and precious stones. When she came to Solo-
mon, she asked him all that she had in mind.

-^Solomon had answers for all her questions;
there was nothing that the king did not know,
[nothing] to which he could not give her an an-
swer. -^When the queen of Sheba observed all

:mn nu7K nîini rinb^ riuDn
of Solomon's wisdom, and the palace he had
"inyjpT °T'"[?i! n\z;1m \'^nbw b:i^m s
built, -"^the fare of his table, the seating of his

vp^^yy^ nr)^Mj^bm vmu/n imwn
courtiers, the service and attire of his atten-
dants, and his wine service, ''-and the burnt
offerings that he offered at'' the House of the
Lord, she was left breathless.
^She said to the king, "The report I heard in
my own land about you and your wisdom was iy nniî^ "njpKn-K'pv r^rinDn
true. 'But I did not believe the reports until I
came and saw with my own eyes that not even

-bvj. nlu") n?33n nQpin ""Ynn ^'?"iJn
the half had been told me; your wisdom and
wealth surpass the reports that I heard. *^How
fortunate are your men and how fortunate are

these your courtiers, who are always in attend- nin"' ''n"'9 :"?]n)p3n-nK u'^vriMJ'n
ance on you and can hear your wisdom! ^Praised -bv y[T\ryb ^n yQn Su/k T|n3 \''r\bi^
be the Lord your God, who delighted in you 'S'K-iU7"'-nK mn*" ninxin birw^ kdd
and set you on the throne of IsraeL It is because U3\;;n nwvb •q'pn'? n^y"?
ip"'tz;î
of the Lord's everlasting love for Israel that He
made you king to administer justice and right-
nriT n33 i
nnU/i/i ^kw -^'kb \nrc\ lo
eousness."
Nn-K"? nnj?;' ]nKi ni<?p 'r['p>n "•Jptf/ni
'"She presented the king with one hundred
and twenty talents of gold, and a large quantity
of spices, and precious stones. Never again did •JK DAT II .ririb'^ "^r^b Knuz-n?"?)?
such a vast quantity of spices arrive as that which
the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon.
"Moreover, Hiram's fleet, which carried gold

from Ophir, brought in from Ophir a huge
quantity of ulmug wood' and precious stones.
a-a The force of the phrase i> iinnruiin.

b-b 2 Chron. 9.4 reads ". and the procession with which he went
. .
up 10..."
c Others "sandalwood." 736

Ni-vi'iM I KlNCiS 10.24 ^ K 'D'7)3 D^K^nj
'^riic Uini; us(.\l the ()////;/v' \v(hh1 iov decora-

tions in ihc 1 louse ol the l.oun and in the royal ninjiDT •q'7)3n rfn"?! hin'^-n-'n'? nypn
palaec. and lor liarps and Ivres tor the musi-
b"'A>3^K 'Yi( p"Kn Kb u->-}\ub n''b:l2^
cians. Sucii a quant il\ ot (///N/(\,'\vood has never
"^bipriy-' :n;TrT di^'h iv nxnj Kb)
arri\ed or Ix'cn seen to tiiis d.w. — ' 'King Sol-
nyQn-'73-nK Knu7"n3^p^ ]nj riUbp
omon, in turn, i;a\e the queen ot Sheba every-
713 n^-[nj -i\z;k hn^p nbkîi i\uk
thing she \vanted and asked tor, in addition to
what King Solomon ga\e her out ot his royal K-'H ny-ix^ "q^rii ]QrTi riribp '^br^n
bounty. Then she and her attendants left and

returned to her ovvii land. riribvjb K3-nu;K nn-Tn bp_\u)2 ^'^n^y^-^
'•^The weight of the gold which Solomon re-

133 vj^) u-'v^p nlK)3 \u\ij npK nj\f;3
ceived every vear was (>(•>(-> talents ot gold, 'be-
nnpni Dnrin •'\iyjKn 13^15 :3nT
sides what came from tradesmen, from the
: ynxn ninsi 3-!i;rT '3^)?-'73i i3"'5?3""^n
traffic of the merchants, and from all the kings
ot' .\rabia and the governors of the regions.

my nîiKn ritibp ^"pân iuv^^ 16
i^King Solomon made loo shields of beaten

'^^ n'^yT 3nT niKjp-u/u; \3']n\u 3nT
gold — 600 shekels of gold to each shield — '"and hmrz n^Kri-vjbm \^ :'nnKrT n|yrT
300 bucklers ot beaten gold — three iiiinas of r[b)j'] 3nT b"'j)3 n\i;b\ij uinu; nni
gold to each buckler. The king placed them in iVI nîs "q^Tan DjrT'T nnxn ]m'r[-bv
the Lebanon Forest House.
''"^The king also made a large throne of ivory,
nnt inQY"""! bî} ]iy"Kp3 "^btzri iuv^^_ is
and he o\erlaid it with retined gold. '"^Six steps
led up to the throne, and the throne had a back

with a rounded top, and arms on either side of
the seat. Two lions stood beside the arms, -*'and b^fK uîm ninK d^ju/t ^^F-^
twelve lions stood on the six steps, six on either
side. No such throne was ever made for any -Kb n-TpT n-Tp nlî;?3rT \i)]ij-b:j up
other kingdom.'' :nl3^nn-'73^ p ntf/yj
-'All King Solomon's drinking cups were of
3rTT ^riribw q'prarT npu;)? ''73 '73f2i
gold, and all the utensils of the Lebanon Forest
I^K "ino 3rTT iiJ3'7rT nyrri"'3 'J73 b'^)
House were of pure gold: silver did not count
'.nmKtzb r\y2bp 'p"'3 nj^m k^ qp3
for amthing in Solomon's days. --¥ov the king
had a Tarshish'' fleet on the sea, along with Hi- JK nv n^3 ""^^^^ U7"'u;in ''ix ""js 22
ram's fleet. Once ever.- three years, the Tarshish "JK I Kl3n Dîiu; \u'b\ub nriK nyn
fleet came in, bearing gold and silver, i\-or\',
apes, and peacocks. :D^='3rn D"'3p"!

-3King Solomon excelled all the kings on
earth in wealth and in wisdom. --Âll the \vorld
aî^p3?p y-iKn-'73i24 :n)p3nVT "^p'vb
came to pay homage to Solomon and to listen
lri)p3n-n]:< 'vhpb ri)2b\u ""JBtik
to the wisdom with which God had endowed
D-iKnjp n)2m 25 nn^n 'n'7K inriu/x
d Or "prince"; like Phoenician mamlakt.
e Probably a fleet of large ships.
737
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 10.24 •>
K D"'3'7n niK-'3J
him; --\ind each one would bring his tribute hi)3û;i nnr »'?Di°tqD3 ''73 innjn i^/^k
silver and gold objects, robes, weapons and mu;-iai a"'i")QT n-ipiD D''nu;m p\ul^
spices, horses and mules — in the amount due
each year.
-<^Solomon assembled chariots and horses.
He had 1,400 chariots and 12,000 horses, which
he stationed ' in the chariot towns and with the
^'7)3n-ni;'i 33"nn nvn *bnp'! d-'uz-jej
king in Jerusalem. -''The king made silver as
plentiful in Jerusalem as stones, and cedars as ]nj D"'n><n HKT 'nK3 D'7u;n^3
plentiful as sycamores in the Shephelah. 2»Sol- Kyl?3T^« -.-lib r\b^\ij:i-^\ui< D^Tppu;?
omon's horses were procured from Mizraim*;
and Kue. The king's dealers would buy them
:"i"'n)p3 n}\P)2 inj?"' "q^jan nno
from Kue at a fixed price. -"Â chariot imported
from Mizrainu' cost 600 shekels of silver, and
a horse 150; these in turn were exported by
them/i to all the kings of the Hittites and the DTin nnK 'd'?)?'?^ DTinn •>;ib)2-b:^b
kings of the Arameans. Q : IKY'-'
11 King Solomon loved many foreign K''

women in addition to Pharaoh's daughter
Moabite, Ammonite, Edomite, Phoenician, and
"Ip: :n'='rin n^'ny nîaiK hi^'jTsy
Hittite women, -from the nations of which the
Lord had said to the Israelites, "None of you

shall join them and none of them shall join you,"
pK n^n iKn^->f:'7 bmann iknn-k'?
lest they turn your heart away to follow their
nnii nn"'rT'7K nnx 3nn'7-nK lu^
gods." Such Solomon clung to and loved. ^He niii/j l^-in^v^ :nnnK'7 ri)2b\u pn"i
had seven hundred royal wives and three hun- nlK)3 \ub\i; wmbp^ nlK?p v^vj nliu;
dred concubines; and his wives turned his heart nJi7T hy^ 'n:>i't :l3^-nK v\lj2 lu;"!
away. -În his old age, his wives turned away D"'rT'7K nnK lin^-nK lun V^f/j riribv;
Solomon's heart after other gods, and he was
not as wholeheartedly devoted to the Lord his
riiibvj "i"?".!?
n^nx t'I'i nnb'S vribii
God as his father David had been. 5Solomon
followed Ashtoreth the goddess of the Phoe-
nnK") D^ny 'ri'^K ninwy ""nriK
nicians, and Milcom the abomination of the

Ammonites. i<.b't2 Kb-i mn^ ^rv? iîn rinbw u/y".] ^
^Solomon did what was displeasing to the nin"" m ' D vnK 11-13 mn"" nnK
:
Lord and did not remain loyal to the Lord like inn 3Kln yjpu; ^vjm'^b nb3 ri-nb\i;
his father David. ~At that time, Solomon built
/ So 2 Chron. l.N; 9.25: Heb. here "led."

g Usually Egypt, here perhaps Musrti. a neighbor of Kue (Cilicia).
h I.e.. Solortion's dealers.
I.e., in marrjage: cf. Deut. 7.3-4; 23.4, 8-9.
738
—
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 11.20 K O'lD^Ji D-'K-'n:!
a shrine for Chemosh the abomination of Moab "'n Y^\u ^Vn^T R'?^'''^^ "',;|3"'^V "i^><;
on the hill near Jerusalem, and one for Molech ninD^n vvjrb^b riib:; ]3"i8 :]i)3j;
the abomination of the Ammonites. Ând he did .]T]^'nbKb niniiraT nin-'ppjp

the same for all his foreign wives who offered
and sacrificed to their gods.

vbK nx-iari bk-wi '>ribK nin'' nyn
9The Lord was angry with Solomon, because
his heart turned away from the Lord, the God n-TH -in'iri-'7V vbK m^po :'D^py3
who had appeared to him twice lOand

of Israel,
had commanded him about this matter, not to
follow other gods; he did not obey what the n^rnn-'n nu/K jy? riribpb nin^
Lord had commanded, Ând the Lord i
said to n\i7K 'npn') "rinî Jil)b\f7 k^t "qiay
Solomon, ^'-"Because you are guilty of this-''
n^^pjarrriK ynpK yn;; 'T[->bv tiîy
you have not kept My covenant and the laws
^^•nîi-qK 12 n^.nnjT T^VP
which I enjoined upon you — I will tear the king-
:'^pv'?
in
^J2i IIP ^^nK jvp"? n^ti/yK K^
dom away from you and give it to one of your
servants. i2But, for the sake of your father Da- Kb nD^)p)3n-'73-nK p"!i3 cmynpK
vid, I will not do it in your lifetime; I will tear niT \vi2b "Tipb ]nK nriK unu; ynpK
it away from your son. ^However, I will not teari
t-'ji'inn "i\^K n'7U;n"' ]vr2b^ ^^nv
away the whole kingdom; I will give your son iin riK rir2b\ub )\p^j mn^ dj7î 14
one tribe, for the sake of My servant David and

•'ri;'! 15 : Di"rK3 Kin "^^Ksn ynra "'mKn
for the sake of Jerusalem which I have chosen."
ntz; hxl"' nl'7i7n DiiK-nK hn nvri^
i^So the Lord raised up an adversary against
Solomon, the Edomite Hadad, who was of the
royal family of Edom. 'swhen David "^-was in-i^^
Edom, Joab the army commander went up to n3T-'73 nnpn-ny ^k-iu/t'?^! nxv
bury the slain, and he killed every male in o'lii/jKi Kin iiK n'ii='Ti7 :nnK3
Edom; isfor Joab and all Israel stayed there for
six months until he had killed off every male to

iK'n^l xi'ipp m^^1^J» :]y|7 t^lJI
in Edom. i^But Hadad, '^ together with some
Edomite men, servants of his father, escaped
l^-jri"! Dny?p-T|^n nV"!Q-'7K bnyp
and headed for Egypt; Hadad was then a young
Ab ]ni y^K) '\b -i)3K bnî n^n
boy. Insetting out from Midian, they came to
Paran and took along with them men from iKp nViQ 'ri;^ in iir\ xyaîi^
Paran. Thus they came to Egypt, to Pharaoh ninK lnu/K nifiK-riK n\^K i'7-]ri='i
king of Egypt, who gave him a house, assigned mriK 1^7 "t'7rii2o :nn^nan o^jQnn
a food allowance to him, and granted him an
estate. I'^Pharaoh took a great liking to Hadad
and gave him his sister-in-law, the sister of
Queen Tahpenes, as wife. 20The sister of Tah-

penes bore him a son, Genubath. Tahpenes
b-b Lit. "This is with you."

c-c Emendation yields "defeated"; cf. 2 Sam. 8.13.
d Heb. Adad
739
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 11.20 K^ K D"'3'7D D^K^nj
weaned'' him in Pharaoh's palace, and Genu-

bath remained in Pharaoh's palace among the
sons of Pharaoh. -'When Hadad heard in Egypt

that David had been laid to rest with his fathers
'jn'û; n'i;~i3-'7K Tin "d^k""! KnYrT""iu;
and that Joab the army commander was dead,
Hadad said to Pharaoh, "Give me leave to go
to my own countr\\" --Pharaoh replied, "What u/i^np ^^m mv npn nriK-nD •3
do you lack with me, that you want to go to your

own country'?" But he said, "Nevertheless, give
me leave to go." -]3 jin-riK jut:; ^b u^ribK np'iv^

^-'Another adversary that God raised up
against Solomon/ was Rezon son of Eliada,
-in-'i D"'\i;jK vbv ynp"'! 24 : vpi<. nnw
who had fled from his lord. King Hadadezer of
pu/m iD^î DJiK ni nnn inr-iu;
Zobah, --^when David was slaughtering them.
He gathered men about him and became cap-
tain over a troop; they went to Damascus and nynn-riKT rir2b\u ')3"'-'73 bK-ip->b
settled there, and they established a kingdom -7^ 'ib'12';} bK~]\ui::i y\?1] nin -]\pK
in Damascus. -^He was an adversary of Israel
all the days of Solomon, adding to the trouble HTOri-jn ""nnsN unr]3 DvnTV^
[caused by] Hadad; he repudiated [the author-
ity of] Israel and reigned over Aram.
in-in nn27 :^bi2'2. i] ny_} riribvib
26Jeroboam son of Nebat, an Ephraimite of
Zeredah, the son of a widow whose name was
"riK nj3 ntibp "^bp^ t nnn-nu/K
:T'3K 1)1 i-^v yi.|"riK liv K'\bl3n
Zeruah, was in Solomon's service; he raised his
hand against the king. -''The circumstances un- riUbp K"!î V^ri ilSA Dvnij u/"'Kni 28
der which he raised his hand against the king ipQ;""! K^n HDN^n niyy-'3 iv^n-riK
were as follows: Solomon built the Millo and D -.r^vv IT'S b:iv-b2b inx
repaired the breach of the city of his father,
David. -^This Jeroboam was an able man, and

when Solomon saw that the young man was a
n?3'7U73 nD3rin kiht "^-lin k-^^^ti
capable worker, he appointed him over all the
u^'Ejni-] 30 : nit^? ni'D.b Dn''j\î nu/in
forced labor of the House of Joseph.
29During that time Jeroboam went out of Je- vb:j i\uK n\pinn nr^bp:^ n^nN
rusalem and the prophet Ahijah of Shiloh met iDK^'Vî :n"'i;~ii7 liuv u^2v; ny-jp"!
him on the way. He had put on a new robe; and °n3 'S D^y-jp nntf/y "Î'^'np V^"}'!'^
when the two were alone in the open country, yip ""ijn bkivj'' "•ri'^K n)r\^ "i??n
ÔAhijah took hold of the new robe he was wear-
ing and tore it into twelve pieces. -^'"Take ten
pieces," he said to Jeroboam. "For thus said the

Lord, the God of Israel: I am about to tear the
'
L Septiuiginl reads "reared.
/ Heb. 'him."
740
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 11.43 K'' K D"'D'7?2 D-'K-'IJ
kingdom out of Solomon's hands, and I will give "^b innji Tiiibp i^n nD^n)3ri-nK
you ten tribes. 32But one tribe shall remain "inKH un]Fm32 :n''U)n\i7n nnu/y riK
his — for the sake of My servant David and for
jyn^T "lii 'inv i ]vr2b ^^n^ri}
the sake of Jerusalem, the city that I have chosen
b'3r2 nn "'n-inn iu^k S''vn nb\p^'v
out of all the tribes of Israel. -^^For they have for-
jUTy lyjK I
jyT33 :'7k-i\£;"' ^ynu;
saken Me; they have worshiped Ashtoreth the
goddess of the Phoenicians, Chemosh the god
of Moab, and Milcom the god of the Ammon-
ites; they have not walked in My ways, or done
what is pleasing to Me, or [kept] My laws and ni7K-i<'7i34 :vnK nm lysu/pT "'n'pni
rules, as his father David did. 34However, I will
ûni^K K''u;j I 'S n^n n3^?p)an-'73-nK
not take the entire kingdom away from him, but
-wuK ^^^ny m.T ]viQb v^n ""ni Va
will keep him as ruler as long as he lives for the
pnpni ^niyn npu; -\\uk in'K ""ninin
My servant David whom chose, and
sake of I
who kept My commandments and My laws.

35But I wiU take the kingship out of the hands
of his son and give it to you — the ten tribes. 36To '^ny-T'n'7 "i"'rrivri \vr2b nriK-uniy
his son I will give one tribe, so that there may "i\z;k n^yn n'û/n-'n '>^^b i n"'p^rT-'73
be a lamp for My ser\'ant David forever before njpK ^riKT 37 : Dip -'pvj uwb ''b •'nnns
Me in Jerusalem — the city where have chosen I
to establish My name. ^''But you have been cho-

ypu/n-QK njm 38 -.bK-w-'rb:; r^by^
sen by Me; reigns wherever you •wish, and you
îj-jin n^'prn '"qiyK "i\i7K-'73-nK
shall be king over Israel, -^îf you heed all that
I command you, and My ways, and do walk in

^nipn -\mvjb ^ryn -wu^ri rriu/yi
what is right in My sight, keeping My laws and ^n^^.rn ^^ny in ntpy nu/x? ""niyni
commandments as My servant David did, then
I will be with you and I will build for you a lasting *n|yKi39 :
'7K"iU7^"riK ^"7 -"Jinji iîb
dynasty as I did for David. I hereby give Israel
-b2 i(b "^K riKT jyn^ n.^ ynrriK
to you; -^ând I will chastise David's descendants
for that [sin], though not forever."
Dynn^-riK n^r^nb ripbiu u/ipn^T-to
'lOSolomon sought to put Jeroboam to death,
but Jeroboam promptly fled to King Shishak of
p\Lj->]u-bi<, bnyp nnnî nyn-j^ upî^
Egypt; and he remained in Egypt till the death

of Solomon. : ritibp
•I'The other events of Solomon's reign, and
all his actions and his wisdom, are recorded in nE3p-'7y n"'nri3 nn-Kl'^n iruppm
the book of the Annals of Solomon. -*-The length
^^53 nu;K Di^^rn42 -.rij^bu; nn^
of Solomon's reign in Jerusalem, over all Israel,
bk-w'>-b'3-bv bû/n""! ri'nb\u
was forty years. -^-^Solomon slept with his fathers
and was buried in the city of his father David;
-ny hnbvj nau/^v-^ :mip "yîK
ijVp='T T';iK i)T -fyn nni?î vnnK
and his son Rehoboam succeeded him as king.
D iTTinn un nynnn
g I.e., establish your residence.
741 nnj 'N I'. 39.

NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 12.1 3^ KD"'3'7D D^K^nj
12 Rehoboam went to Shechem, for all Is-
rael had come to Shechem to acclaim him as I vnp'D 'fi"'! ^ :lnK '^''hizrib bKi\u^-b:2
king. -Jeroboam son of Nebat learned of it while
he was still in Egypt; for Jeroboam had fled from
King Solomon, "and had settled in Egypt.-"
-^They sent for him; and Jeroboam and all the
assembly of Israel came and spoke to Rehoboam

as follows: 4"Your father made our yoke heavy. ij'py-nK nu/pn "^""nKt :"inK'7 av^n-i
Now lighten the harsh labor and the heavy yoke nii/jpri "qîN ninv)? '"^pri nny hjikt
which your father laid on us, and we will serve
you." 5He answered them, "Go away for three

uîî r[\Ljbp iV ^^b DrT"''7K nipK'"!?
days and then come back to me." So the people
:ayn ^2b'>^ ^bi<> ^1W^
went away.
•'jp-Tn-riK ny^rn "^br^-n yvi"!^
^King Rehoboam took counsel with the elders
vnK ri)2b\u ""JSTik annV i^n-iu/K
who had served his father Solomon during his
lifetime. He said, "What answer do you advise

n^yylj djik tj-'k "itzKb ^n in'^n^
[me] to give to this people?" "They answered im^v :-inT nTn-DVji-riK '^''prib
him, "If you will be a servant to those people iny-ni^nri Di='ri-nK iaK^? vbi<, nn-j"""!
today and serve them, and if you respond to nnniT rr'jyi nrnny). n-in ay^
them with kind words, they will be your servants nnny ^V v'^[^ D^niu nnn^ ur\^bi<.
always." ^But he ignored the advice that the el-
D^jpTn nvvTiK niy;'}" :Din^n-'73
ders gave him, and took counsel with the young
"IU7K ai-tîn-nK yyiî inyy^ -iu/k
men who had grown up with him and were serv-
ing him. '^"What," he asked, "do you advise that
"DGK';"! y : v;i^b nnnyrT "iu/k inK I'pia
we reply to the people who said to me, 'Lighten -in"! n-'i^jT n^^^vlj ariK n^ nr[^bi<.
the yoke that your father placed upon us'?" iwK^ îbi<. nîT "iWK HTn nyrr-riN
'"And the young men who had grown up with :^:^'bv ^•'riK jnr"^^^ '^'i'n-jTp bpu
him answered, "Speak thus to the people who îriK ^bi} -IU7K b-'i^-'n p^k tibiî '"
said to you, 'Your father made our yoke hea\T,

n^T nu/K nrn nvb "i?pKn-n3 ibK'?
now you make it lighter for us.' Say to them,
ij'py-nK iîn^n "^-"nK i^x'? "^"•'pK
'My little finger is thicker than my father's loins.
"My father imposed a heavy yoke on you, and
I will add to your yoke; my father flogged you
with whips, but I will flog you with scorpions.'" rj-'piK 'JKi ins bv DD'"'?:; D^nyn
'-Jeroboam and all the people came to Re-
hoboam on the thi rd day, since the king had told

them: "Come back on the third day." '
-^The king
answered the people harshly, ignoring the ad-
a-a 2 Chron. 10.2 reads "So Icrohoum rclunwil Irom Egypt."
742
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 12.24 n-i K W^^b^ DiKinj
vice that the elders had given him. i^He spoke

to them in accordance with the advice of the
young men, and said, "My father made your
yoke heavy, but I will add to your yoke; my fa-
-ID"' 'flK D3î7-'7i7 ti-ipK \JK1 D3|7i7
ther flogged you with whips, but I will flog you
a^riK "iD^K "'JK1 Dipiii/ii DDriK
with scorpions." i5(The king did not hsten to
ni7ri-'7K "^bTpn ypuz-K^pi 15 :D-'n-!pV3
the people; for the Lord had brought it about
in order to fulfill the promise that the Lord had u^\pn ]vr2b nin'' uvr2 nnp nrr'n-â
made through Ahijah the Shilonitc to Jeroboam n='nK h^n hp^ '^^1, nu/K inn^-riK
son of Nebat.) i6When all Israel saw that the
king had not listened to them, the people an- nu7^Vbn'''7K'^T|^)3rT V'n\u-i<b ':dbk'i\u';
swered the king:
iUK^ I nnT "q^jan-riK nvn
"We have no portion in David,
iSyi pbn\^b-n)2
No share in Jesse's son!
'U7''-]nn n'^nrK'p'i
To your tents, O Israel!
Now look to your own House, O David." bk-ip^ T^"?^^

So the Israelites returned to their homes.'' '^But i),"i ^n^n HKi nnv
Rehoboam continued to reign over the Israel- bK'lW'! 'pi 17 :1"'^riK'7 '7K-1U7"' '^b'>}_
ites who lived in the towns of Judah.

^W^V, I^P"! niin'' nyî "'nu/'^n
iSKing Rehoboam sent Adoram,*^ who was in
3 :ni7:?n"!
charge of the forced labor, but all Israel pelted
-lU/KbiiKTiK ay^ni "^brzri nû/î is
him to death with stones. Thereupon King Re-
jnK in bK'^\lJ^-b:^ ^bn^T viari-bv
hoboam hurriedly mounted his chariot and fled
niî/^ V^KrirT aynn-i "^br^n) n>pî
to Jerusalem. i^Thus Israel revolted against the
House of David, as is still the case. ly^Q^'l 1*^ :DÛ7nT vîb nns-im
20When all Israel heard that Jeroboam had re- D : n;Tn nvn iv tit n^nî ''7K-itz;''
turned, they sent messengers and summoned

him to the assembly and made him king over iD-'^ni'i TTivri-bK in'K iK-ipî ^hbw'^y
all Israel. Only the tribe of Judah remained loyal
-rrin nnx h^n i-b:2-bv in'K
to the House of David.
:mb niin^-unu; ^nb'iT hit
21 On his return to Jerusalem, Rehoboam
"b'np""! b^tpn^ bynnn knî iKn^T2i
mustered all the House of Judah and the tribe
of Benjamin, 180,000 picked warriors, to fight ])p^j3 unu7-nKi TTVin^ n->i-b3-ni<,
against the House of Israel, in order to restore T^pnb'n npv mnn t^bK u^^np^ nkn
the kingship to Rehoboam son of Solomon. -riK :i^\ijrib bk'^p^ ri-'^-ay bn^n^
22But the word of God came to Shemaiah, the Q : n)p'7U7-]:i Dvnnn'7 HDi"?)?:!
man of God: 23"Say to King Rehoboam son of
"Uz-'K n''V)3U7-'7K D-'n'7xri inT ^''^\^^ 22
Solomon of Judah, and to all the House of Judah

Dy:ini-'7K nbK23 np^b D"'rf'7Kri
and Benjamin and the rest of the people: 24Thus
n"'n-'73-'7Ki nnin^ "q^p nn''7\:7-]:n
said the Lord: You shall not set out to make
b Lit. "tents."
c Elsewhere called Adoiiiram; cf. 2 Sam. 20.24 and note.
743
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 12.24 n^ KD''D'7n n^K^DJ
war on your kinsmen the Israelites. Let every
man return to his home, for this thing has been

brought about by Me." They heeded the word 'a in"'?'? \L)'>i<, ^'2W bkiiu'^-^n °?'D>f
of the Lord and turned back, in accordance
"in"i-nK lyjpu;''! nTn inin n^rij 'nKn
with the word of the Lord.
D : nin"' "1213 na^^b^ in\i7î nin-"
-^Jeroboam fortified Shechem in the hill
countr)' of Ephraim and resided there; he DnDK -inn DDU/TIK uv'iy^ jnî^s
moved out from there and fortified Penuel. :'7KiJ3-nK jn""! nu/p Kî") nn 2\LjJ^
-^Jeroboam said to himself, "Now the kingdom mu/ri nnv 'iî'?^

°V^1? ""p^'^l^^
may well return to the House of David. 27lf these yn I n'^yi'-DK 27 :-fi-i n^n^ n'jb'Dizri
people go up to offer sacrifices at the House
still
nin^-JT'nn QTinr nwvb ntn
of the Lord in Jerusalem, the heart of these peo-
nn"'j''TK-'7K n-Tn nvn 2.b nu/fnû/n-'s
ple will turn back to their master. King Reho-
boam of Judah; they will kill me and go back
King Rehoboam of Judah." the king took
•^7)3:7 yyi^v^ : n-fini-TibJip Dynn-!-'7K
to -**So
counsel and made two golden calves. He said DH^K "inK"! njiT ''?Ai; ->2\u ti/y^
to ''the people,-'^ "You have been going up to ^'^'rf'7K mn qû/n-' niî/n Da^-ni
Jerusalem long enough. This is your god, O Is- :n''ny)p ynKD "î^vrr -|\^^<; bkip-'
rael, who brought you up from the land of
riKT '^K-n"';?^ inKn-riK uiuiy-')
Egypt!" -"^He set up one in Bethel and placed
the other in Dan. -"ôThat proved to be a cause
: ji-iv "inNn \2^b nyri la"?"") nKun"?
of guilt, for the people went to worship [the calf
b-'jn'a U7V!"! riinn n-in-nK u;y=ii3i
at Bethel and] the one at Dan. îHe also made
cult places and appointed priests from the ranks : ''^b •'np vn-tib ~]\iji<. uvri nlYpp
of the people who were not of Levite descent. •'rjpii^n \:/"T'n? :in 1
ay^l? ^v.'l^-
-''-He stationed at Bethel the priests of the -i\z;k I :in3 \iJinb \ i-' "-iwy-nwnn?
shrines that he had appointed to sacrifice to the -n-'n^ ntz/y ]3 nnDan-'^v niin-'n
"^V?"!
calves that he had made. And Jeroboam estab-
ntpynu/N d^'âv^ nnT"? bk
h'')p^ni
lished a festival
month; in imitation
on the fifteenth day of the eighth
of the festival in Judah, he
: ntz;y -iii;k ninnn •'jn'3-nK "7^ nm
-n^33 nu/y—IU7K 1 n3T)3rT-'7y bv^^_i^
established one at Bethel, and he ascended the
altar there] -^-Ôn the fifteenth
. day of the eighth 'ii"')p\i7n u/nnn 'dv nu/y n\i7?pn3 bk
[
month — the month in which he had contrived \n u/v.ll i3'7?3 n:ib)2 Kin-iu/N u/nn?
of his own mind to establish a festival for the '7K-1U;"' ^nb
Israelites — Jeroboam ascended the altar that he a :-i"'Upn'7 n^TJan-by b'y.l 1.
^
had made in Bethel.
n-rin*'p k3 n-'ri'^K v)î<, nam A 1
DAs he ascended the

offering, 'a
altar to present
man of God arrived at Beth-

an
im DV3-i">T '7K"n"'3-'7K mn^ innn
el from Judah at the command of the Lord.
d-d Heb. "them."

NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 13.11 KD"'D'7n D^K^nj
While Jeroboam was standing on the altar" to
present the offering, the man of God, at the nirp nnT)3 nnK'î mn^ -inm hiimn
command of the Lord, cried out against the
altar: ^"O altar, altar! Thus said the Lord: A son
"jn's-riK •^'^y nnn '\tq\u ^ni\uK'^
shall be born to the House of David, Josiah by
DiK nl)3Yy"i î^^y DnupTsn ninnn
name; and he shall slaughter upon you the
priests of the shrines who bring offerings upon

you. And human bones shall be burned upon njin r[)TT< -iia'i -iu/k riQDan nt inx^
you." 3He gave a portent on that day, saying, : vbv-^\LJK ju/^n ^Qu/JT v^pj n3T>3n
"Here is the portent that the Lord has decreed: -U7^K "iniTiK '^bipri vt2\ij2 °^'n'>^4
This altar shall break apart, and the ashes on it
shall be spilled." ^When the king heard what the

n^T)3ri bm h^tik nynnj nbvj'>) bk
man of God had proclaimed against the altar
nb\u lyjK \ii u/n-irri inpDri i ijpx'?
in Bethel, Jeroboam stretched out his arm above
nnTjani 5 : vbi<, nnû;n^ b'î i<b) vb:;
the altar and cried, "Seize him!" But the arm
that he stretched out against him became rigid,
nQl)33 n^^TKjri-jp ju/^n "qQii^""! ynpj
and he could not draw it back. SThe altar broke •.r['yn-' -inin n"'r1'7KrT vj^k ]nj -iu;k
apart and its ashes were spilled — the very por- D-'n'7Kn U'^K-'7K I nnK""! q'pjsn ]v^^(>
tent that the man of God had announced at
the Lord's command. 6Then the king spoke up b''rT'7Kri-\:;"'K bm \^k n^ nii/rri nya
and man of God, "Please entreat the
said to the
Lord your God and pray for me that I may be

able to draw back my arm." The man of God
entreated the Lord and the king was able to

"HKn "'rf'7Kri u;''K-'7K '^bhn "iniî 7
draw his arm back; it became as it was before. :nn)3 "^b nJiiKi niypi r[n'':^r[ ^riK
^The king said to the man of God, "Come with -QK 'q'pm-'^K b"'n'7Kri-U7''K n)3Kî8
me to my house and have some refreshment; ^rav KiK iib 'qri'in "'Yn-riK '^"^r1J^
and I shall give you man of God
a gift." ^But the
replied to the king, "Even if you give me half

h)n-' inin ^n'K my 1
p'îs^ -.-nm
your wealth, I will not go in with you, nor will
I eat bread or drink water in this place; 9for so
Ti^jTio '.n-Db'n nu;K T|-i^n m\i;n Kb)
I was commanded by the word of the Lord: You
shall eat no bread and drink no water, nor shall nn K3 -iU7K ']ii;2. :ivj~i(b) "ipK t]-i.-t3
you go back by the road by which you came." Q : '7K-n^3-'7K

loSo he left by another road and did not go back Kln^l bK-rT-nin :\p'^ jpt hriK K^njTii
by the road on which he had come to Bethel.
11 There was an old prophet living in Bethel;
-n-'nn ni^n 1 'rf'7Kri-\z;"'K °nt^v
and his sons^ came and told him all the things
T|^)3n-'7K "in"! "i\^K bnn^riTiK bk
that the man of God had done that day in Bethel
[and] the words that he had spoken to the king.
a I.e., at the top of the steps or ramp.

b Heb. "son."
745
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 13.11 K ^^2^12 D^K-'nj
When they told it to their father, '^their father
said to them, "Which road did he leave by?" vh IK"!"! ^"^n "q-iirT nr-'K nn-inK
•^^His sons had seen-' the road taken by the man D"'n'7Kn \iJ'>K "^bn "iwk "^-iin-nK
of God who had come from Judah. '-^"Saddle
h)3K=''!i3 :n"tin'')p K3—lU/N
T'J^-'^K
the ass for me," he said to his sons. They saddled
the ass for him, and he mounted it 'ând rode
after the man of God. He came upon him sitting

under a terebinth and said to him, "Are you the nipK"! n'7Kn nnn ni^'-i inK^^pî
man God who came from Judah?" "Yes, I

of nK3—IU7K D^n'7Kn-u;''K nnxn vbi<,
am," he answered. '5"Come home with me," he "^b vbii nnK""!!-^ :"'JK "iJpN'""! n-iin"'?p
said, "and have something to eat." '^He replied, iib "DpK^Ti^ :Dn'p b'2K} nn-inn •'nx
"I may not go back with you and enter your
'73'K-k'71 TIJIK Kin^l "^^K Û/'p "tDIK
home; and I may not eat bread or drink water
in this place; •''the order I received by the word
-i<b mn"" "in-|3 ^"''pK in'r-'Di- -.nin
of the Lord was: You shall not eat bread or drink
water there; nor shall you return by the road
-Kb n'ljp u\u ^[^\]Ij^\-i<b^ an'? '73Kn
on which you came." '**"! am a prophet, too," :nn np'pn-iu/K "qn-i.!! nn'p'p mu;n
said the other, "and an angel said to me by com- "^kbm ''T]in3 Kînj ""JK-aa ^6 "ink""! is
mand of the Lord: Bring him back with you to ^^nK ^'!l'2.\Ij'r\ inK'? nSrr! -ii"|3°''^K ibt
your house, that he may eat bread and drink u;n3 nip ntir-'i nn^ b^K'^) '^n"'3-'7K
water." He was lying to him. ''^So he went back
In^nn n'7 b:ii<'>^ iriK nu/"!!'' -Ab
with him, and he ate bread and drank water in
:D-'p rwijj-]
his house.
'"While they were sitting at the table, the

^n^T D ]nb\i;'r[-bK d"'3U7'"' nn ^'r\'^^ 20
word of the Lord came to the prophet who had :l3"'u;n nu;K K"'n|n-'7K n-jn^nnT
brought him back. -'He cried out to the man k3-"iu;k D''n'7Kn u/iK-b'K K"ii7'vi
of God who had come from Judah: "Thus said
the Lord: Because you have flouted the word

of the Lord and have not observed what the '-2 '^'^ribK mn"" j\y
b'2i<r\'] 2^j^}^ -.
"ii^ff
Lord your God commanded you, 22but have
Tji^K "I3T nu/K blp)3a wr? npn) bn^
gone back and eaten bread and drunk water in
-Kb D'^n ni^/n-^Ki Dn'7 b^K'n-bK
the place of which He said to you, 'Do not eat
'H^l--^ :TP^^ "•51?."'^^
'^^r'?^
^""^^
bread or drink water [there],' your corpse shall
not come to the grave of your fathers." '-"Âfter -\:;nn:i"! inlni:; nriKT Dn'7 i'73k nriN
he had eaten bread and had drunk, he saddled T|'7''i:-' :i3i^n -lU/K N''3^'7 •^^12^^^ ^b
the ass for him — for the prophet whom he had

brought back. -'He set out, and a lion came
upon him on the road and killed him. His corpse
:n^33n b'YK mv nh^ni ^r'y^
on the road, with the ass standing beside
nnnV wvj^k mm
lay it,
n'^njin-fiK mi"! :!5
and the lion also standing beside the corpse.
"
c-c Sepltuigint rcadi "And hii ions ^honcil
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 14.2 T K D"'3'7n •'K''3J
25Some men who passed by saw the corpse lying

on the road and the hon standing beside the K-inin nu/K T'vn nnTi ixnî nb:im
corpse; they went and told it in the town where lu/K K"'n3n ypu;"! 26 nn ip'i
:
ji^-Tn
the old prophet lived. 26And when the prophet
D"'n'7KrT \uiK nwKh "î-i^n-]?? in"'u^n
who had brought him back from the road heard
iniriî r[)w •'Qtik nnip nji/K Kin
it, he said, "That is the man of God who flouted
the Lord's command; the Lord gave him over

to the lion, which mauled him and killed him i"'jii-'7K "ini:'"!27 :i'p""i:?"i -iU7K mn''
in accordance with the word that the Lord had :iU7nn:'i "ilnnn-riK •'^-îi/nn inK^?
spoken to him." 27He said to his sons, "Saddle TITO n3'7U75p in^nrriK xypî ti'^^vs
the ass for me," and they did so. 28He set out n^^niin "^yk nnpy nnKm nl)3ni
and found the corpse lying on the road, with
nnu; i(b) n^n^n-riK nnxri b^^-iib
and the lion standing beside the corpse;
the ass
the lion had not eaten the corpse nor had it

n^nrriK Kînirr Km 29 nljpnrrTiK
nl)pnri-'7K inn^^'i D"'rT'7Kri-\:7"'K
mauled the ass. 29The prophet lifted up the
corpse of the man of God, laid it on the ass, and
brought it back; '^-it was brought-'^ to the town 1-inpn in^nrriK mî 30 nnnj^'pT n'Qp^
of the old prophet for lamentation and burial. i-inj? nnK^-'n;'"! 3' : ""riK ''irT vbv nQp""!
30He laid the corpse in his own burial place; and '"TiiTDn 'iiizKb vn-bK inKî 'in'K
they lamented over it, "Alas, my brother!" ^lAf- a''n'7Kri uz-'k iu/k nn|n 'Hk annnpi
ter burying him, he said to his sons, "When I
-riK ^w^ri vrimv b'^K i:n mn}?
die, bury me in the grave where the man of God
-iU7K "in^n ri'i'n^ ri^ri """a 32 ; irimv
lies buried; lay my bones beside his. 32For what
he announced by the word of the Lord against
-jT'nn i\i7K nnmrT-'7V mn;' nnnn Kn}?
the altar in Bethel, and against all the cult places nyn -1U7K nl?3iiri ''n:rb:2 ^"7^1 '^k
in the towns of Samaria, shall surely come true."

33Even after this incident, Jeroboam did not I3"!"i)p uv2'v nuj-K'p n-fn in'inhnK 33
turn back from his evil way, but kept on ap- 'jrrs byn nlYpn ny-jn
tz;vh n\f;^f
pointing priests for the shrines from the ranks
'>)r\2 "ri"'') in^TiK kVp;' yQiin ni)bn
of the people. He ordained as priests of the
IT'S riKun^ n-m nTO ^'h-'t 34 : niip:^
shrines any who so desired. 34Xhereby the
House of Jeroboam incurred guilt — to their ut-
ter annihilation from the face of the earth.
14 At that time, Abijah, a son of Jeroboam, -jn npK n'?!! x^nn nyn Ti
fell sick. 2Jeroboam said to his wife, "Go and •'jpip mpKb ay^T '^r2i<^^'- •'av'^'v
disguise yourself, so that you will not be rec-
ognized as Jeroboam's wife, and go to Shiloh.
The prophet Ahijah lives there, the one who pre-
d-d Lif. "if came.'
747
NFvi'iM 1 KINGS 14.2 T" KD''D'7)3 d-'N-'^j
dieted that 1 would be king over this people.
n\ike with you ten loaves, some wafers, and a DnpJT Dn'7 r[-)\uy "qi^n ^\npb^ ^ -.
hth
iug of honey, and go to him; he will tell you Tip Kin vbK riKni u/î pinpiii
what will happen to the boy." -ijeroboam's wife
did so; she left and went to Shiloh and came to

n-'3 Knm ribv; '^bn^ bprn vnn-'
the house of Ahijah. Now Ahijah could not see,
^np^ ""a n'\k-]b b:2yi<b ^r[)nK^ nmi^.
for his eyes had become sightless with age; -%ut
the Lord had said to Ahijah, "Jeroboam's wife

-bi<, "i)pK mn^T3 D :'in-'ti7n vrv
is coming to inquire of you concerning her son,
who is sick. Speak to her thus and thus. When n'TS Kin n'7n-'3 njn-'^K "^Tavn "in^
she arrives, she will be in disguise." K-'ni HKn? 'n''i wbK "inin htdt
Âhijah heard the sound of her feet as she
came through the door, and he said, "Come in,
n^by.-] '7lp-nK in^HK v)2p^ "•'ni>
wifeof leroboam. Why are you disguised? I have
a harsh message for you. ''Go tell Jeroboam:
Thus said the Lord, the God of Israel: I raised
^"'^>< n^ r*^ ^=3JKi ni3jri)p riK nt n)3b
you up from among the people and made you -ipK-n3 nv^l^^ """iîs "'3^^ :nu/i7
a ruler over My people Israel; **I tore away the ^'nnnn -iu/k ]V'>_ bk'W'^ 'n'7K n)n'>
kingdom from the House of David and gave it : '7K"i\i7"' ""Tav "^y i->i^ "^JriKT nyn "qlnn
to you. But you have not been like My servant mnxT T)"! n''?n nD^)3)3rT-nK v'^\?K) «
David, who kept My commandments and fol-

inu; nu/K lii "'py? n^n-K'^T -^b
lowed Me with all his heart, doing only what
lnn'7-^33 nnK q'7n-i\i7Ki ""riiYn
was right in My sight. '^You have acted worse
nîjvb y~irTi9 .ip:j2 "i\f;^ri pi niwy^
than all those who preceded you; you have gone
and made for yourself other gods and molten -ntz/yni '^bn'i "^"'.jq'? Tirmu/K b^tz
images to vex Me; and Me you have cast behind 'jp-'Vpri'? niDDipT DnrtK u^ribi^ "^b
your back. "^Therefore I will bring disaster upon ]5îo D :"û nnx n^'pu/n ^riKT
the House of Jeroboam and will cut off from ^mDrn avî? ri"'3-'7K nyn K^nn •jjn
Jeroboam every male, "bond and free," in Is-
mrvT nyy Tipn ]"'nu7n bv^l"!'?'
rael. I will sweep away the House of Jeroboam
nynij-n-'n nriK '^myni "^K-jtz/^n
utterly, as dung is swept away. ' 'Anyone be-
n)3n" :i)3n-iv bb^ri nvn^ iu/k?
longing to Jeroboam who dies in the town shall
be devoured by dogs; and anyone who dies in
the open country shall be eaten by the birds of : -13T mn"" '3 n^nwn tqiy ^b^K^ niwn
the air; for the Lord has spoken. '-As for you, "^""bri HKnn '^n->:ib ^^b ^mp nKT '-^
go back home; as soon as you set foot in the -73 I'^-nQDi'-' :"T^^rT rini nyun
town, the child will die. '-'And all Israel shall la-
K3^ l"i3'7 nT-'3 iriK nnpi '^kiu;-'
ment over him and bury him; he alone ot Jer-
3iu -131 iii-Kynj iv. i3p-'7K DVÎ?*^
oboam's family shall be brought to burial, for
:
0^3-1"' IT'33 S'KIU/"' 'n'7K mn^-'^N
in him aloneofthcHouseof Jeroboam has some
u-u Mf(i/ii/ij{ of Hell, imcerlum; poaibly "kinsimin ami jnctul.

cf. 16.11.
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 14.24 T KD''3'7)3 aiKîJ
devotion been found to the Lord, the God of

Israel. i^Moreover, the Lord will raise up a king
over Israel who will destroy the House of Jero-
:nny-Da
boam, ^-this day and even now.-^
i5"The Lord will strike Israel until it sways
hvri hk'W'>-nK u/nji hm^. nj|?rT
like a He will uproot Israel from
reed in water.
this good land that He gave to their fathers, and
)ni ^^\ui<. nKTH nniun nniKn
wUl scatter them beyond the Euphrates, because
they have provoked the Lord by the sacred posts : nin^-JiK D''pî73)p nnnu/K-riK \iu:j
that they have made for themselves. '^He will *mKi:in b%:i '7K-iU7^-nK ]nî i6
forsake Israel because of the sins that Jeroboam

-riK K-'unn iu/kt Kun "iî^x bynn;;
committed and led Israel to commit."
i7Jeroboam's wife got up and left, and she
K'nrT! ^"pni uv^.'v nvjK bi7rn. 17
went to Tirzah. As soon as she stepped over the
threshold of her house, the child died, i^xhey

buried him and all Israel lamented over him,
-'73 lynQp"! in'K nnp'118 :np
in accordance with the word that the Lord had 1"iny-n:'3 nil nu/K nin^ -ini3 bi<,-w-;
spoken through His servant the prophet Ahijah. :K"'n|ri injinK

'9The other events of Jeroboam's reign, how nj^Ki nn'pj "iu;k nyn-i"j nn^ ^1rv^ 19
he fought and how he ruled, are recorded in
the Annals of the Kings of Israel. 2ojeroboam
reigned twenty-two years; then he slept with

-uv b3\^î mu7 wnuj^ nnu/v °V?T
his fathers, and his son Nadab succeeded him
as king.
a :vnnn in nij "q^jp^T vniiK
2iMeanwhile, Rehoboam son of Solomon -jn niin^n "^b-D riyibp-]'^. bynnniî

had become king in Judah. Rehoboam was iD^Tpn Dynni nj\^ nnxi O'lynnx
forty-one years old when he became king, and i^vn qîf^n-'n "q'pn I nw n-ipv vim
he reigned seventeen years in Jerusalem — the
city the Lord had chosen out of all the tribes

^'7'3?p
njpyj 1)3K nvj'\ bk'ip'' -"ynu;
of Israel to establish His name there. His moth-
•"^V^ ynn njin^ ^^1)22 :n"'i?3vn
er's name was Naamah the Ammonitess. 22ju-
dah did what was displeasing to the Lord, and DnnK wv "iU7K^b'3n inx ikjj?:''! mn^
angered Him more than their fathers had done HDri-D^ m='i23 :iKpn n\z;K Dnxunn
by the sins that they committed. 23They too built -73 bv D"'"ii^Kl ninYpi ninn urib
for themselves shrines, pillars, and sacred posts -D>124 :iji7-i yv-b'D nnni nnn^ nv3A
on every high hill and under every leafy tree;
nnyinn ^Vdb wv y-iKn \uip^
riiTi
24there were also male prostitutes in the land.
'J3 'jsjp nin^ u/nin h\z;K n^lan
[Judah] imitated all the abhorrent practices of
Q : '7K-)U7''
the nations that the Lord had dispossessed be-
fore the Israelites. '1 Kîn V. 16.
b-b Meaning ofHeb. uncertain.
749
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 14.25 T" KD"'3'7)3 D^N^nj
-Mn the fifth year of King Rehoboam, King

Shishak of Eg\'pt marched against Jerusalem
2ând carried off the treasures of the House ot
the Lord and the treasures of the royal palace.
He carried off everything; he even carried off

ntf/y -iu;k nrrTn '3:i)p-'73-nK nj?"!
all the golden shields that Solomon had made.
-~King Rehoboam had bronze shields made in-
Dnnn bynnn "n^jan u;y::"!27 -.njibp
stead, and he entrusted them to the officers of
the guard^ who guarded the entrance to the
royal palace. -^^Whenever the king went into the

House of the Lord, the guards would carry :D"'y"in KrT'7K mnû/nT
them and then bring them back to the armory
ntz;v it^K-'?^! nynni nm "in;!129
of the guards.
-'The other events of Rehoboam's reign, and
nrr'n nnn'^m m> .
niin^ '>:?bi2b n^p^n
all his actions, are recorded in the Annals of the
Kings of Judah. ''"There was continual war be-
tween Rehoboam and Jeroboam. -""Rehoboam
slept with his fathers and was buried with his n)2v; 1)3K u\Ij^ liT t-v:! i"'0^^
fathers in the City of David; his mother's name
was Naamah the Ammonitess. His son Abijam
succeeded him as king.
15 In the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam TTipy '^2}2\ij nju;nT I W

son of Nebat, Abijam became king over Ju- :r[y\r[^-bv npK -\br2 unr]n nvn-j^
dah. -He reigned three years in Jerusalem; his
mother's name was "-Maacah daughter of Abi-
shalom." -^He continued in all the sins that his

-k"?! v:i^b nu7y-n\f7K vnK *mKun
father before him had committed; he was not
nn^3 vribK mn-'-ay hb\LJ 11:1^ n^n
wholehearted with the Lord his God, like his
father David. ^Yet, for the sake of David, the vribK nin-i'inj ih ]vr2b ^2 ^ : t'Ik "n.T
Lord his God gave him a lamp in Jerusalem, viriK lJ3-nK n"'i7n'7 D'7u;n"'3 t": i"?
by raising up his descendant after him and by in nt^y "iwk ^ : o'pu/TT'-nK i^nyrr'?!
preserving Jerusalem, spor David had done "73)3 "iD'K^pi mn'' ""ryn -iu;;'rT-nK
what was pleasing to the Lord and never turned
nniK ini:s pn vm b3 ^h^x'^vjk
^'n'<
throughout his life from all that He had com-
*Dynrn-]"'n nnM nan'?^'^ :"'innn
manded him, except in the matter of Uriah the
Hittite. *^There was war between Abijam'' and

nm "in^v -.v^n ''T^'j-b^ oy?")^ 1"';it
Jeroboam all the days of his life. "The other
1 KVn
I ill. "rurmiTi."
•'D''3t<" in« nci32
a-u 2 Chron. 1X2 reads "Micaiuh duiighter of Uriel ofGibeah";
cf. V. lObelow, where Muiicuh. iltiiiglilerofAbisbalom. appean
Hi mother of Asa.
h So several mss.; most mss. ami the eililiotii read "Rehoboam.
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 15.20 1U Ka"'3'7)3 D^K^nj
events of Abijam's reign and all his actions are niin;' ""p^jp^ nm^ri nn^ "iQp-'7V
recorded in the Annals of the Kings of Judah;
there was war between Abijam and Jeroboam.
SAbijam slept with his fathers; he was buried in
Q :i^nnnlnKpKTib')3''Tii'iTi7n
the City of David, and his son Asa succeeded
"^KnU/^ ^b'n u}j:i'vb nnu/j; njt^ni9
him as king.
9In the twentieth year of King Jeroboam of

D-iyn-iKiio :rTrir[^ -^br^ kdk q'?^
Israel, Asa became king over Judah. lORe DsK up) ub\^^'^•^:l î^n nw hnKi
reigned forty-one years in Jerusalem; his moth- KpK t/y^lVi : ni'piiz-'nK-nin hdv)?
er's name was Maacah daughter of Abishalom. "ini7;'T 12 : v^K i)']2 mn^ '>pv:i nu/^n
iiAsa did what was pleasing to the Lord, as his
-^s-riK y-iKH-jn
npî n-'U/iipn
father David had done. i2He expelled the male
I DAT 13 ivmK wv -\\UK u^bb^n
prostitutes from the land, and he removed all
nu/K nn-in^p ViiP^T 1)3k nDyjp-riK
the idols that his ancestors had made. i^He also
deposed his mother Maacah from the rank of

KpK nnp^'i TTWKb ny"??)? nnu/y
queen mother, because she had made f-an :]1-|-]P b'mii iq'itpî nny^Qp-riK
abominable thing-i^ for [the goddess] Asherah. n-'H KpK-nn^ pn '^'^T^^ riDpnni
14
Asa cut down her abominable thing and burnt -riK Knîis :T')p^-'73 mn"'-DV ub\LJ
it in the Wadi Kidron. i4The shrines, indeed, rip3 mn;' n^jn "'iîpi wlp^ vak •'u/ij?
were not abolished; however, Asa was whole-
:D"''73i nnn
hearted with the Lord his God all his life. i5He
Ku;v? pni KpK J"":!
r[n->'r[ nnn^pi 16
brought into the House of the Lord all the con-
KU/yin '7^^117 : Dn"'n:'-'73 '7K"!t^:'"'^'7)p
secrated things of his father and ''-his own con-
secrated things-'^ — silver, gold, and utensils.
njp-in-riK jnî riyiw-bv^bif^'yiui-^brz
i^There was war between Asa and King : niin*" "q^p i<.vir\b:ib
Baasha of Israel all their days. i^King Baasha of nn-Tni r|p3ri-'73-nK KpK njpîis
Israel advanced against Judah, and he fortified -nKT nin^-n"'3 nnyiKii 1 nnniJirT
Ramah to prevent anyone belonging to King
Asa from going out or coming in. i^So Asa took
iin-]3-'7K KpK "^br^n nn'7U;''i inny
all the silver and gold that remained in the treas-
niy'^n D^K Ti'pp jvin-jn ])3-inip-]3
uries of the House of the Lord as well as the
T"? ^j-'ni 'j-'S
hn2ii9 :i)pK'7 pt^)2i3
treasuries of the royal palace, and he entrusted
them to his officials. King Asa sent them to King "^b ''nnbvj °mn ^""nK j^ni "j^k
Ben-hadad son of Tabrimmon son of Hezion ^^nnn-riK ri'it^ ti'? nnji qpa hn'u;
of Aram, who resided in Damascus, with this :''bvr2 T]bv'^'\ bk-^\u->-^bp ku/v^tik
message: i''"There is a pact between you and me,
and between your father and my father. I here-
with send you a gift of silver and gold: Go and

break your pact with King Baasha of Israel, so
that he may withdraw from me." 20Ben-hadad
c-c Exact meaning of Heh. uncertain,

d-d So kethib and 2 Chron. 15.18.
751
Nfivi'iM 1 KINGS 15.20 KD"'3'7)3 D^K^nj
responded to King Asa's request; he sent his
army commanders against the towns of Israel ni7-'7V i'^'i^K D"''7^nn ntf/TiK
and captured Ijon, Dan, Abel-beth-maacah, b:iK riKT n'riKi ]i''V"nK ~]'!) biîw
and all Chinneroth, as well as all the land of
ynK-'^s '7V nl-iJ3-'73 riKT HDVip-n-'n
Naphtali. -'When Baasha heard about it, he
'7^n:'1 Ku;vii vn\^3 VT'' :'''?^?J
stopped fortifsang Ramah and remained in
Tirzah.
22Then King Asa mustered all ludah, with no n']in"'-'73-nK ^''pu/n kdk "n^)3n"i22
exemptions; and they carried away the stones

and timber with which Baasha had fortified "^btpn bn jnî k\uv:i mn iwk n-'yv
Ramah. With these King Asa fortified Geba of rnsYDn-nKT ]n^J3 i^^l'^K kdk
Benjamin, and Mizpah.
-b2^ myi'irb^) KDK-n;i"i-'73 ^^^nJ^
23
-Âll the other events of Asa's reign, and all

nân-K'pn nh ifK bnym nti;v nu/K
his exploits, and all his actions, and the towns
that he fortified, are recorded in the Annals of
the Kings of Judah. However, in his old age he
n-i^n-^K n"?!! injpT nv^ pn niin^
suffered from a foot ailment. --Âsa slept with -nv "I?!?"! T'n'^K-DV KDK n3u;'''i24
his fathers and was buried with his fathers in uQu;ln"' Tj^p""! vnK tit 'T'V^ vniK
the city of his father David. His son jehoshaphat Q :T'nnri ijs
succeeded him as king. njU73 '7K")t^^"'7V "^^p DVîri^ ^"l^")
2-=^Nadab son of Jeroboam had become king
-bv "^br^"} ny\n'> -\b)2 kdkV D^nu;
over Israel in the second year of King Asa of Ju-
mn^ 'ryu ynn \uvi) -'^ : n^nw bi<.'iv;'>
dah, and he reigned over Israel for two years.
Lord; he
K-iunn -1U7K iriKunni v2k "j-in:? "I'ph
-''He did what was displeasing to the
continued in the ways of his father, in the sins

-p KWV? Vbv ili/p^V" :
'7K-)tf7"'-nK
which he caused Israel to commit, ^yjhen KU7vn ^n^"]) nDU/ti/"" rr'n'? n^nK
Baasha son of Ahijah, of the House of Issachar, -b^'\ nnji wrwiJbBb "iu;k ]ln3A3
conspired against him; and Baasha struck him inrip"''!2« : ]iri2i3i-'7i7 any bk-ip->
down at Gibbethon of the Philistines, while
niin"' "^b-n kdk^ \ijb]u njws Kipyn
Nadab and all Israel were laying siege to Gib-
-riK nan iiVn? 'rT'129 trnnn "i^'pî
bethon. -J^Baasha killed him in the third year of
n)pu;r'73 -i-'KU/n-k'? av^l? ^"'5"'^?
King Asa of Judah and became king in his stead.
29As soon as he became king, he struck down iu;k mn^ inis imu/n-ny av^l^'p
all the House of Jeroboam; he did not spare a

-^717 30 -.lib^vjri n^nK mv'T^ ~i?t
single soul belonging to Jeroboam until he de- ^^\^K^ Kun nu;K ny^")^ *mKun
stroyed it — in accordance with the word that D-iypn "iWK 1DV33 '7K-iu/"'-nK Kûnn
the Lord had spoken through His servant, the :'7K"iu;;' "'rf'7K mn^-riK
prophet Ahijah the Shilonite — ^"because of the
-iibn nt^v -iu;k-'73'i nij n:;!"! '^nJ^ 31
sins which Jeroboam committed and which he
caused Israel to commit thereby vexing the 1 Khn V. Ml
Lord, the God of Israel.
752
—
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 16.9 TU KD"'^'?^ D^K^nj
3iThe other events of Nadab's reign and all wn^ri nni nQp-'7i7 'fnnB dpi
his actions are recorded in the Annals of the
Kings of Israel.
32There was war between Asa and King

Baasha of Israel all their days. ^Hn the third year
KU^v? "n^J?" niin"' "^br^ kdk^ \LJb\iJ
of King Asa of Judah, Baasha son of Ahijah be-
came king in Tirzah over all Israel — for twenty-
four years. 34He did what was displeasing to the "j^vn ynn U7y^.i 34 : mu; ynnKT nnu/y
Lord; he followed the ways of Jeroboam and
the sins which he caused Israel to commit.
16 The word of the Lord came to Jehu son 'jjn-]nKirT:'-'7Kmn:'-in"|-'nî I W

of Hanani against Baasha: 2"Because I lifted you
up from the dust and made you a ruler over My bK'W'' '>)2V bv TiiJ "^JriKT -iQyn-[p
people Israel, but you followed the way of Jer-
WTiK KunnT Dvnnj qnnn 1 ':]bî^
oboam and caused My people Israel to sin, vex-
i)2r\i :DnKunn ^jp"'V?n^ ^^^"!^:'
ing Me with their sins H am going to sweep
away Baasha and his house. I will make your ''nriJl in^n nnKi KU/yn nnx "i^ynip
house like the House of Jeroboam son of Nebat. n)3rT4 :unr]3 nyn^ n-'ns •^n^n-riK
Ânyone belonging to Baasha who dies in the ^b npm Q"";!^??! i^^K';" n^v? ku;v5^
town shall be devoured by dogs, and anyone be-
longing to him who dies in the open country "in"iin:jn nu/y iii^Ki KU/y? ""î.^^ ^
"lOvl
shall be devoured by the birds of the sky."
D-'p^n n:;! "iQp-'^y niinna n"K'7n
5The other events of Baasha's reign and his
-nv KU7V? ^3^''l^ :'^><"!^"'
'P^'?^
actions and his exploits are recorded in the An-
nals of the Kings of Israel. ^Baasha slept with
ijn nbK Tj^jpî nynnn "inj?^] T'nnK
his fathers and was buried in Tirzah. His son

Elah succeeded him as king. -"inT x''i|n ""Jin-jn MrT:'-T:3 nil 7
7But the word of the Lord had come through bv) ln"'5-'7K'i Ku/vn-b'K '^ri^n r^Sri";
the prophet Jehu son of Hanani against Baasha nin;" ""ryn 1 nu/y-iu/K 1 ni7-irT-'73
and against his house, that it would fare like the
House of Jeroboam, «-which he himself had

struck down,-" because of all the evil he did
which was displeasing to the Lord, vexing him

bK'^p'^-b:; KU/v^'jn rib^ "^b-d TTrini
with his deeds.
8In the twenty-sixth year of King Asa of Ju- I"ini7 vbv "iVpî^ :n''njU7 nynns
dah, Elah son of Baasha became king over Israel, nynnn Kim nîn rriynD '^\^nni
at Tirzah — for two years. ^His officer Zimri,
commander of half the chariotry, committed
a-a Syntax of Heb. unclear.
753
NHvfiM 1 KINGS 16.9 TU KD"'3'7D n^K^nj
treason against him while he was at Tirzah
drinking himself drunk in the house of Arza,

who was in charge of the palace at Tirzah. nnini -^bn kdk"? ynu;"i nnwy nw:i
'i^Zimri entered, struck him down, and killed
lnnu73 ib'7m 'n^T'' :T'rinri Tj'^Tp"-]
him; he succeeded him as king in the twenty-

-Kb K\i;v? nin-'73TiK hdh Ikdd-'^v
seventh year of King Asa of Judah. "No sooner
:^ni;-iT vbi<y^ n''p^ yn\L;)2 \b n^Kif/n
had he become king and ascended the throne
than he struck down all the House of Baasha; K\uv:^ n'^'^-b:^ nx nni in\f;;'i r.
he did not leave a single male of his, nor any 1^2. KU/y^'^^K "13T nu/N nin"" nniD
kinsman or friend. '-Thus Zimri destroyed all KU/y? *mKun-'73 b^^^ :K-'n3n Kin^
the House of Baasha, in accordance with the nu/KT mun nwK un nbK niKurn
word that the Lord had spoken through the
wunn
-jiK D"'VDn'7 '7K"iu;"'-nK
prophet Jehu — '-because of the sinful acts
:Dn"''7nnn b^-^p^, tI'^k mn^
nn"'.")'-'
which Baasha and his son Elah committed, and
DH-Kl'pn ntz/y iu7K-'7D1 n'7K n:;iT
which they caused Israel to commit, vexing the
Lord, the God of Israel, with their false gods. ""^bizb n^Tp^n nni ^^^v-bv D-'fnns
''The other events of Elah's reign and all his ac-
tions are recorded in the Annals of the Kings ']br2 kdk"? nivj ynu;i nntz/v'nji^n i5
of Israel.
1
^During the twenty-seventh year of King Asa :Dinu7'7Q'7 "IU7K ]lnii^-'7y n^j'n nyrn
of ludah, Zimri reigned in Tirzah for seven days.
npT "lu/p "ir^Kb n^lnn nyn ynu/î "^
At the time, the troops were encamped at
Gibbethon of the Philistines. "^When the troops

uv:^ bK'-w'>-bv Kn^nu; nny-riK
who were encamped there learned that Zimri
had committed treason and had struck down -'731 """iPV '^'?^-"l '' ^-^.^n^? >înn
the king, that ver)' day, in the camp, all Israel :nyin-'7y ^'^p^ x\n:im i)3y '7K-!tf;-'
acclaimed the army commander Omri king T'Vn n"r3'7r^3 npT niK-|3 'frî '«
over Israel. '"Omri and all Israel then withdrew vbv rjiu/"! q'7}an-ni3 ]in-iK-'7K knî
from Gibbethon and laid siege to Tirzah.
inKun-'7yi'' :n>3^1 u/k^ ^'pp-rT'nTiK
i«When Zimri saw that the town was taken, he
"ryn ynn nwvb Kun nu;N vnKun
went into the citadel of the royal palace and
HriKunnT nymj T|-i-f3 hD'p'p mn^
burned down the royal palace over himself. And
so he died — '''because ofthe sins which he com- inl'l 20 : '7K"3iy;'-nK K"'unn'7 ntpy iwn
mitted and caused Israel to commit, doing what DH-k'pn -lu/j? nu7K nwpi n^T n^T
was displeasing to the Lord and following the
ways of Jeroboam. -"The other events of Zimri's

reign, and the treason which he committed, are nyn 'yn •yn'? nyn ipbn-> tk ^'
bîiu''
recorded in the Annals of the Kings of Israel.
l3"''7>3n'7 hPA-]n ^nn nnK n^n
-'Then the people of Israel split into two tac-
1 Kb-n tx
tions: a part of the people followed Tibni son V
of Ciinath to make him king, and the other

NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 16.33 TU KD"'3'7)3 n^K^nj
part followed Omri. 22Xhose who followed '^pi^ ayn pTn:^'! 22 : npy nnK "'^nn'i
Omri proved stronger than those who followed '>nr\ nnK -iu;k Dyn-riK nny nnx
Tibni son of Ginath; Tibni died and Omri be-
came king.
q^p KDK^ nju; nfiKT nwhû'riw:! 23

23In the thirty-first year of King Asa of Ju-
dah, Omri became king over Israel — for twelve
years. He reigned in Tirzah six years. 24Then he

bought the hill of Samaria from Shemer for two nnu; riKp jinjp't:;
""D!?"^^ li?''"!-^
talents ofsilver; he built [a town] on the hill and

named the town which he built Samaria, after
\nK nniiz-nu; bv nin ~iu;k h^yn up
Shemer, the owner of the hill.
:X\^)^^ inn
250mri did what was displeasing to the Lord;
î"] np;' 'rvî vjn nny nti7i7:'i25
he was worse than all who preceded him. 26He
followed all the ways of Jeroboam son of Nebat
''qnV'733 'ii^^T26 :v;ipb nu/K Vsp
and the sins which he committed and caused n\^K iriKunnT vnKunm unr]5 aynnj
Israel to commit, vexing the Lord, the God of mn;'-nK cypn"? "^Knu/^nK Kûnn
Israel, with their futilities. 27The other events of niT "in:Jl27 :Dn"''7nrTn bi<.']\i;-> ^rjbif^
Omri's reign, [and] his actions, and the exploits ntz/v "ii^K innin^T nibiJ ^\ljk îTpy
he performed, are recorded in the Annals of the
Q^n^n nn"! iQp-'7y 'iins an-x'pn
Kings of Israel. 280mri slept with his fathers and
-DV nny n3u;n28 :bK'^\I;^> ""Dîp^
was buried in Samaria; and his son Ahab suc-
ceeded him as king.
Q :T'rinri
29Ahab son of Omri became king over Israel
in the thirty-eighth year of King Asa of Judah, bk'wi-b:; 'T|^)p

''iPV"15 ^15^X129
and Ahab son of Omri reigned over Israel in Sa- T|^)3 KpK^ niu; nlDU/T u-ûjbw niu/a
maria for twenty- two years. ÔAhab son of Omri -bv ^>^nK nyini
^"!>PV"1^ '^bri^'i
did what was displeasing to the Lord, more than
: r[2\u n''^\\u^ nnu;v li"^>PV^ ^^'W'!
all who preceded him. 3iNot content to follow
nrni '>pv:i ynn npV"!? ^^^^ ^^^-'^- ^°
the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat, he took as
inp^ b\?2T\ ^•'n^pi î"",^?^
""F^ "^^P
wife Jezebel daughter of King Ethbaal of the
Phoenicians, and he went and served Baal and nwK njpn unrjn nvnnj *mkun2i
worshiped him. 32He erected an altar to Baal in
the temple of Baal which he built in Samaria. •Ab injiu/^'T "ryiirT-nK "iny") ^^^î
33Ahab also made a sacred post. Ahab did more -i\^K "7:7?^ n\5 '7i;ii'7 n^Tp n\?'^j2
to vex the Lord, the God of Israel, than the
all
-riK iKHK U7y5i33 :]l-i)p'\:;n nn
kings of Israel who preceded him.
v^V^nb nlii/y^ ^khk c]pl''T nni^Kn
'3^)3 "73)3 "^K-jt^T 'r1'7K nln"'-nK
:V}^b vri -IU7K '7Knu7"'
'1 k'^M v. 3i.
755
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 16.34 TU KD"'D'7?3 n^KUJ
-''During his reign, Hiel the BetheHte fortified
Jericho. He laid its foundations at the cost of

Abiram his first-born, and set its gates in place
-IU7K ninT nni3 rrin^T n^^n l"i"'V^
at the cost of Segub his youngest, in accordance
with the words that the Lord had spoken

through Joshua son of Nun.''
17 Elijah the Tishbite, an inhabitant of Gil-

ead, said to Ahab, "As the Lord lives, the God '7K-1U/"' ''TibK n'in"'-'!! bKnK-'7K -Ty'7:i
of Israel whom serve, there will

I be no dew or
rain except at my bidding."
- The word of the Lord came to him: -''"Leave
n-Tp "^b^ :"^'?pK'7 vbK mni-ini 'rr'v
this place; turn eastward and go into hiding by
the Wadi Cherith, which is east of the Jordan.
nnD b'mn nnripJi nipip. -^b n-ipQi
'You will drink from the wadi, and I have com- bmnri TT>rlî -.xiy.ri ''^B'bv nu/K
manded the ravens to feed you there." 5He pro- •^'73'7d'7 iri-'iY nin-iyrr-riKT nn\yn
ceeded to do as the Lord had bidden: he went, "^b^.) mnT nniB u/v:"! '^b'>'\^ -.nw
and he stayed by the Wadi Cherith, which is east nn3 bm:i
'
niin ''i^'^V "^pi^ hu;''"!
of the Jordan. ^The ravens brought him bread

ipnn htpni nn'7 1^7 n^'k^nn D^niyrn f^
and meat every morning and every evening, and

-.nnp^, bmr[-]ri^ niyzi lu^ni Dn"?")
he drank from the wadi.
-i<b '3 bmri u/n^^T d^d^ yji?n 1'^[1^-
"After some time the wadi dried up, because
there was no rain in the land. f*And the word n]n:'"i3i 'rT"'i« d :y~i,K3 um n-'n
of the Lord came to him: '^"Go at once to -i]^K nriEny '^b n^y>/) :'^>pK'7 vbi<,
Zarephath of Sidon, and stay there; I have des-

ignated a widow there to feed you." ' '^So he went nnQlY ']b'>^ 1
p'll i" :T]'73'7p'7 nJ7p'7K
at once to Zarephath. When he came to the en-

trance of the town, a widow was there gathering
"ry'pK K-ip"! D^XV riu;u;pn nmb^
wood. He called out to her, "Please bring me
•^33 Q"')p-uv)3 •''7
KJ-inp inK""!
a little water in your pitcher, and let me drink."
ni'^K Kipî nnp."? Ti'^riTi' :nnu;K"i
'
'As she went to fetch it, he called out to her,
"Please bring along a piece of bread for me." :Tii^3 Dn^na ''b Kr^np"? -inK""]
'-"As the Lord your God lives," she replied, "I I'^-ii/i-QK ^""Tibi^ mn'i-'n inKni \~
have nothing baked, nothing but a handful ot -uyaT 133 npj7-ri3 k'^n-DN "'3 iiyjp
tlour in a jar and a little oil in a jug. I am just
D"':^v W2\u nu/u/'pn 'jjm nnQY3 jnu;
gathering a couple of sticks, so that 1 can go
im'73K"! ^hb^ '>b ^n'>h'>iuiJ,) TiKni
home and prepare it for me and my son; we shall
•'K-)"'ri-'7K \r[)bi<. n"''7K "inkî " :^Jn)pT
eat it and then we shall die." '
'"Don't beafraid,"
said Elijah to her. "Go and do as you have said;
l> Cf. Josh. 6.26.
756
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 18.1 n-" K n''3'7)3 D^x^nj
but first make me a small cake fi-om what you

have there, and bring it out to me; then make
some for yourself and your son. i^Por thus said
the Lord, the God of Israel: The jar of flour shall

inn uv ivnpnn iib ipu/n nriQyT
not give out and the jug of oil shall not fail until
the day that the Lord sends rain upon the

"^bn) 15 : np-FKH ""^^-bv nm nini-nn
ground." i^She went and did as Elijah had spo-
-K-'H Kin '7DKni '\TT;bK iniB nt^yni
ken, and she and he and her household had food n)3|ri 13 1& :
wpi nn"'3T wni kmi
for a long time. i^The jar of flour did not give -1313 "ipn >(b ])pwn nriQYT nn^3 k^
out, nor did the jug of oil fail, just as the Lord 3 :^'r[f7i<, t'3 -i3"i -iU7K nin^
had spoken through Elijah. -]3 n^n r[bkri nn3iri hriK V'î 17
iÂfter a while, the son of the mistress of the

iKn pm V^n 'nî n"'3n n'^ys hu^kh
house fell sick, and his illness grew worse, until
hnKrii 18 : nrzm l3-n"irilrk'7 nu/K iv
he had no breath left in him. i^She said to Elijah,
D"'n'7Kri \u->K "^b) ''b'Ti'D ^nfpK-bK
"What harm have I done you, O man of God,
that you should come here to recall my sin and n^ririb^ \jivtik -i^srri'p 'bK nK3
cause the death of my son?" i9"Give me the qj^-riK ''7-'jn rT\^K "I'pK')"! 19 :''J3-nK
boy," he said to her; and taking him from her ^^bvr[-bK in^yn rTi7"'n)3 inni?""!
arms, he carried him to the upper chamber : lriun-'7V ^n33u;::T nu; 3\z;'"' Kinnu/K
where he was staying, and laid him down on his ^TibK mn"" "i)?k='1 n'|nT'7K xnp'120
own bed. ÔHe cried out to the Lord and said,
"O Lord my God, will You bring calamity upon
:m3-nK n-'Tzrib nlvin nipy
this widow whose guest I am, and let her son
die?" 2iThen he stretched out over the child

Kip''"! u^rzvB \ub\iJib\r[-bv Tipm 21
three times, and cried out to the Lord, saying, KJ 3u;n ^rib'K mn^ npK^'i n]n''-'7K
"O Lord my God, let this child's life return to i7)3u;ii22 :i3ip-'7i; H-Tri ib'>n-\uî
his body!" 22The Lord heard Elijah's plea; the n^j^n-U73j :i\ijn) ^n^b^ b^p^. mn'?
child's life returned to his body, and he revived. n'71'ri-nx ^n^^K ni7''i23 omi l3-ip-'7V
23Elijah picked up the child and brought him
down from the upper room into the main room,
"inKni24 :^22. \n ^kt inJ'pK inKî
and gave him to his mother. "See," said Elijah,
"your son is woman answered

alive." 2-iAnd the
"3 ^nvv HT nnv ^n^'7K-'7K n\î^ri
Elijah, "Now I know that you are a man of God

^^33 mn;'-"i3"[i nriK ^'"'r^bi'^ ur-ix
and that the word of the Lord is truly in your 3 :nJ3X

mouth."
18 Much later, in the third year,« the word n^n nin''—i3n n''3"i um^ ^nî n''
of the Lord came to Elijah: "Go, appear before
Ahab; then I will send rain upon the earth."
a I.e., of the drought; see 17.1.
757
NFYi'iM 1 KINGS 18.2 w N W^btH D-iKinj
^Thereupon Elijah set out to appear before

Ahab.
The famine was severe in Samaria. -Âhab had
nxnK Kip"!-^ :li"!>3'u;:n pin nynrn
summoned Obadiah, the steward of the palace.
(Obadiah revered the Lord greatly. -^When lez-

nnpnn ^rrii 4 : iKp mn:'-nK n-i,^ n-'n
ebel was killing off the prophets of the Lord,
hundred prophets and
innn'y np_'>) mn^ ^K^nj hk ^:^vi<:
Obadiah had taken a
hidden them, fifty to a cave, and provided them

with food and drink.) Ând Ahab had said to
Obadiah, "Go through the land, to all the
springs of water and to all the wadis. Perhaps
we shall find some grass to keep horses and

mules alive, so that we are not left without
:n)pnnri)3
beasts."
''They divided the countr)' between them to
explore it, Ahab going alone in one direction in.-'invi 'i"in'7 iiiK "q-iin ^^n nKHK
and Obadiah going alone in another direction.
''Obadiah was on the road, when Elijah suddenly b'^''^ iniani iriKni?'? ^^'>bi<. mm "^to
confronted him. [Obadiah] recognized him :^r[f7K 'JiK ni nriKn "i)3k='"! t'JQ"'7V
and fiung himself on his face, saying, "Is that
mn '^'nN'p inK "^b 'jk 1'7 -i)pK='i«
you, my lord Elijah?" «"Yes, it is I," he answered.
"Go tell your lord: Elijah is here!" ^But he said,
: 'jn-'pn'? nKPiK'T^ jj^nvriK ]n2
"What wrong have I done, that you should hand
n:^b'l2'l2^ '>u-\ij'>-ui<, "^""tjî^ n'lm 1
"Jp 10
your servant over to Ahab to be killed? '"As the
Lord your God lives, there is no nation or king- npKT '^p^,'2.b bu; ""JIk nbiu-iib ^^\ui^
dom to which my lord has not sent to look for
you; and when they said, 'He is not here,' he "^b -in'K njiK nnvT' :*n3KYn-' i<b
made that kingdom or nation swear that you I 'JK njni 1^ :in'j'7K mn "^"'J'ik'? inK
could not be found. 'And ' now you say, 'Go tell ^^î<. bv ""^Ktz^T I mn"" nni "^nKp q'^K
your lord: Elijah is here!' '^When I leave you,
the spirit of the Lord will carry you off I don't

Ahab
mn^riK k-i.^ înv") ""J^nT '^Nyp-'
know where; and when I come and tell
--
me. Vet iu;k riK 'Jik'? mn-K'^ni^ :"'~iyj>3
and he does not find you, he will kill
your servant has revered the Lord from my mn-i 'K"'nj hk "^^pk nn? "TT-wy
youth. '-'My lord has surely been told what I D-'wnn \u''k nxn nin"' 'K"'3373"Knni<'i
did when Jezebel was killing the prophets of nn'7 d'73'73k") nni;)33 W-'K D'lI^^J^ri
the Lord, how I hid a hundred of the prophets i)3K "^b npK nriK nnvT' ^D^pi
of the Lord, fifty men to a cave, and provided
them with food and drink. '•'And now you say,
'Go tell your lord: Elijah is here.' Why, he will
kill me!"
•58
"
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 18.26 m K D"'3'7U Q-'KiiJ
isElijah replied, "As the Lord of Hosts lives,
whom I sei"ve, I will appear before him this very •.vbK riKiK ni^n -"a v^^b 'rripy
day."
l^-"r^î :iKni<. nKnp"? innny "^b^^^^
if'Obadiah went to find Ahab, and informed
\rT;'"!i7 -.^nfpK riK'ip'? ikhk •q'?".!
him; and Ahab went to meet Elijah, i^when
Ahab caught sight of Elijah, Ahab said to him,
"Is that you, you troubler of Israel?" i^He re-

1)pK^Ti8 :'7K"!U;"' -iD'y HT nriKH vbK
torted, "It is not I who have brought trouble on nriK-DK •'3 '7K"!u;^-nK ^""nnDy i<b
Israel, but you and your father's House, by for-

saking the commandments of the Lord and go- ynp nb\u nnvi 19 : n^'7V3rT nnx 'q'7rn.
ing after the Baalim. I'^Now summon all Israel
bm^n in-'7K '7K"iU7"'-'73-nK '''7K
to join me at Mount Carmel, together with the

aîi/priT XTiKp yiiiK bvin "iK^nrnKi
four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal and the
'>b2K nlK)p yii-iK n-ju^KH ^>p:l^^
four hundred prophets of Asherah, ^'who eat
:'73rK ]nÛ7
at Jezebel's table. "-^
ôAhab sent orders to all the Israelites and
gathered the prophets at Mount Carmel. -i Eli-

U/P121 :'7p"!3n nn-'7K n^K-'n^n-riK
jah approached all the people and said, "How
long will you keep hopping '^between two
mn;'-nK b^Qvc'rT ^r)\ij-bv DTipQ
opinions?-fIf the Lord is God, follow Him; and
13^ '7V3n-aK'i inriK ^-^b bv'7>?:ri
if Baal, follow him!" But the people answered
him not a word. 22Then Elijah said to the people, -DpKÎ 22 :
-inT in'K nyn ^JV'^'P") ^^.^^
"I am the only prophet of the Lord left, while
the prophets of Baal are four hundred and fifty nlK)3-y3"!K "7:73:7 ^K'-nji 'p^ ^y^^b
men. --''Let two young bulls be given to us. Let Dn3 w^p ^:]b-^m^^ 23 : \uik u^\i^)2m
them choose one bull, cut it up, and lay it on ^niinrT "rriKn nsn 'nrib nn3^"i
the wood, but let them not apply fire; I will pre-
"JKI ^"nî i(b U7K1 wk:jr[-bv inû/î
pare the other bull, and lay it on the wood, and
-bv '"'nnj'i "inKPT "isn-riK 1 ntz/i/K
will not apply fire. -^You will then invoke your
nu73 nriKHpT 24 : nÛ7K k^ u/ki w'kvn
god by name, and I will invoke the Lord by
name; ''and let us agree: -''the god who responds
with fire, that one is God." And all the people n''rT'7Kn Kin U7K3 njyi—i\^k "n'^KrT
answered, "Very good!"
25Elijah said to the prophets of Baal, "Choose nn3 '7y3ri ^k"'3j'7 in^'7K "ink'''! 25
D3b'
one bull and prepare it first, for you are the ma- onx ^3 r[^\iJK'^ wv^ inxn nsn
jority; invoke your god by name, but apply no
Kb MiK) wii^ribK du;3 ixnpi D\3"!n
fire." 26They took the bull that was given them;
]nr-iU7K "isn-riK ^np^f26 :i)3''U7n
they prepared it, and invoked Baal by name
from morning until noon, shouting, "O Baal,
b-b I.e., who are maintained by Jezebel.

"
c-c Lit. "on the two boughs.
d-d Lit. "and it shall be.
759
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 18.26 n-" K D"'d'7)3 D-'K-'nj
answer us!" But there was no sound, and none

who responded; so they performed a hopping nu/K niimri-bv ihdd^t np t-ki "îp
dance about the aUar that had been set up.
-^When noon came, EHjah mocked them, say-

mip in^'7K
-"a ^'7nr'7lpn njpkî
ing, "Shout louder! After all, he is a god. '"But
he may be in conversation, he may be detained,

'^ÎP^T^s :*Vi7"'"l Kin ]\IJ1 ''71K lb -q-jl
or he may be on a journey,-*^ or perhaps he is
asleep and will wake up." -**So they shouted ninnnn DUQ\:7n3 m'^n"*! ^711^ ^71^3
louder, and gashed themselves with knives and

spears, according to their practice, until the n'ibvb IV iK^jn;''! nn.nyn inv?
blood streamed over them. -''When noon : nu;j7 i^Ki njy-]"'K"i "îpTKi nn^ran
passed, they /kept raving/until the hour of pre- •i^K hv'ri-b:^b -inx^'po
iu;a in'i'7K
senting the meal offering. Still there was no
niiTjp-riK Ksn.-'i vbi<. uvri-b^ iwa^'i
sound, and none who responded or heeded.
u'>r\\LJ in^'7K ni?"!?' :Dnnn mn^
ÔThen Elijah said to all the people, "Come
closer to me"; and all the people came closer
npyi-'p y2p nsons n^J^K niu/y
to him. He repaired the damaged altar of the '^Knu;"' i^K"? T-^K mn^-ini n^n nu/K
Lord. îThen Elijah took twelve stones, corre- nnm "•j^KHTiK np'132 :'7\r2\ij n^n""
sponding to the number of the tribes of the sons D^nKD hîna nbvn u/yii mn*' du;:?
of Jacob — to whom the word of the Lord had
come: "Israel shall be your name".? — ^ând with •.u->^vr\-bv uiiJi) -iQn-nK nnri
the stones he built an altar in the name of the
ipyî uîQ bîD nyii-iK ik'7?3 inKî 34
Lord. Around the altar he made a trench large
enough for two seahs of seed.'' 33He laid out the
wood, and he cut up the bull and laid it on the wi^ri i3'7:''!33 -.wb^j^) wbuj nnK'î
wood. ^'lAnd he said, "Fill four jars with water -K'^n n'^vnn-riK mi nnT?3'7 n^no
and pour it over the burnt offering and the
wood." Then he said, "Do it a second time"; and ^TT'bK u/PT nm?3n n'\bv:i \ "n^T-^^^
they did it a second time. "Do it a third time,"

ppifi bn-jnK 'rl'7K nin^ h?3K='"i "k^nan
he said; and they did it a third time. 35The water
wribK nni<-^3 viv uvn bk'^p'>']
ran down around the altar, and even the trench
was filled with water.

36When it was time to present the meal
"'3JV37 :n'7Kn '-imn-'73 hk ijT'ti/y
offering, the prophet Elijah came forward and

said, "O Lord, God of Abraham, Isaac, and Is-
rael! Let it be known today that You are God
in Israel and that I am Your servant, and that
I have done all these things at Your bidding.

^''Answer me, O Lord, answer me, that this peo-
e-e Meaning of Heb. uncertain, v^^\^W2 > ion

f-f Others "prophesied": see Num. 1 1.25-26.
g See Gen. 35.10.

h I.e., of an area which would require two scahs of seed if sown.
Cf Lev. 27.16; Isa. 5.10.

NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 19.2 u-" K D'lDb'D n-'K''3J
pie may know that You, O Lord, are God; ^for nriK-ia ntn nyn ^v'^\^^ 'jjy mn''
You have turned their hearts backward. "« Dn'p-nK nnpn nnxi n"'rf'7KrT mn^
38Then fire from the Lord descended and
consumed the burnt offering, the wood, the
stones, and the earth; and it Hcked up the water
"iDyn-nKi D^nKn-riKi D"'i"Vi7"riKi
that was in the trench. 39When they saw this,
all the people flung themselves on their faces

K-):!'] 39 : HDp^ n'pyriii-iu/K ni)3rT-nK"i
and cried out: "The Lord alone is God, The

Lord alone is God!" :n''rf'7Kn i<.^r[ mn^ nv'^Kri Kin
40Then Elijah said to them, "Seize the proph- ^K-'nrriK i w^r\ nrib in^'?K°-i)pK'''i4o
ets of Baal, let not a single one of them get away." mwsrT'i ari)3 u'7?2"'-'7k ii/îk bviri
They seized them, and Elijah took them down
to the Wadi Kishon and slaughtered them there.
:DU7
4iElijah said to Ahab, "Go up, eat and drink,
for there is a rumbling of [approaching] rain,"
42and Ahab went up to eat and drink. Elijah

nbv'!}42 -.nmri pnn b^p'^^ nnu/i
meanwhile climbed to the top of Mount Car-

mel, crouched on the ground, and put his face vjs um n^-iK -iripV'7}3"i3n i:7K"|-'7k
between his knees. 43And he said to his servant, nî( nvr ^K n)3K=|i 43 : 113-1^ imn ]\:n
"Go up and look toward the Sea." He went up

and looked and reported, "There is nothing."
Seven times [Elijah] said, "Go back," 44and the
seventh time, [the servant] reported, "A cloud
as small as a man's hand is rising in the west."
-'7K i)pK ub^, ~i)3Kî uiri nbv u;^K
Then [Elijah] said, "Go say to Ahab, 'Hitch up lumri *n5"iî7:' kî Tni ipK nxfix
[your chariot] and go down before the rain b;')pti7rTi nij-iv") nany 1 •'riii45
stops you.'" 45Meanwhile the sky grew black b^-u um 'n-'i nni nipnn
n-'ny
with clouds; there was wind, and a heavy down- nini-nî 46 : n^xy-ir t]^".! nKnx n?-!"")
pour fell; Ahab mounted his chariot and drove
offto Jezreel. 46The hand of the Lord had come
:n'7KV'iT-' n3K3"Ty nxnx
upon Elijah. 'He tied up his skirts' and ran in
front of Ahab all the way to Jezreel.
19 When Ahab told Jezebel all that Elijah
had done and how he had put all the prophets" -'73-nK nn "i5^k-'73 nki ih^j^^k niuv
to the sword, 2Jezebel sent a messenger to Elijah, 'r\kb'n^by\;'i<, n'7U7rTi2 :n-i.nn D''K"'n-in
saying, ''-"Thus and more may the gods do'' if
i-i Lit. "He bound up his loins."
a Of Baal; see 18.40.

b-b A formula of imprecation. Many Heb. mss. and Septuagint
add "to me."
761
NEvfiM 1 KINGS 19.2 V K D"'3'7)3 D-'K-'aj
by this time tomorrow have not made you I like
one of them." .unn -ifiK u;q33

^Frightened,' he tied at once for his hfe. He
came to Beer-sheba, which is in Judah, and left
his servant there; 'he himself went a day's jour-
ney into the wilderness. He came to a broom

WarriK "^kw""] iriK nnx nni nnn
bush and sat down under it, and prayed that
he might die. "Enough!" he cried. "Now, O '\i;Qj np_ nini nny ni 1

~i)pK''i nmb
Lord, take my life, for I am no better than my
fathers." nrmm irk urii nnn ]u;'"'i nsu/'i ?
?He lay down and fell asleep under a broom

bush. Suddenly an angel touched him and said
"•p nnsyi n^QY") my vrnx"])? mni
to him, "Arise and eat." ^He looked about; and
qK^)p°n\z;^v :33U7^T nu/^'î niz/^T "tdk'"!
there, beside his head, was a cake baked on hot
stones and a jar of water! He ate and drank, and
lay down again. "The angel of the Lord came
a second time and touched him and said, "Arise hv aîyn-iK i<,^'hri n'7''3Kn 1 n'33 -\h^^
and eat, or the journey will be too much for :3in a''n'7Kn in iv n^""^ D"'i'?1iSl
you." 8He arose and ate and drank; and with U)LJ ]bi] n"]y>3ri-'7K d\z;-k3^19
the strength from that meal he walked forty days ^^-nn l"? "iJOKî v^K hin''-i3i nzn-]
and forty nights as far as the mountain of God
at Horeb. ^There he went into a cave, and there
he spent the night.
Then the word of the Lord came to him. He inn ^'K-'nrnK") lonn •^'nn^m-nK
said to him, "Why are you here, Elijah?" '"He

replied, "I am moved by zeal for the Lord, the 'jDy-inn ni)3Vi k2< "idK^t n :nnni7'7
God of Hosts, for the Israelites have forsaken nin-"
Your covenant, torn down Your altars, and put °pn3?3 pjni nb"]!^ nm inv mn"" njm
Your prophets to the sword. I alone am left, and Kb nin-" 'jq'7 b-iy^p "i.3\z;)pT win
they are out to take my life." ii"Come out," He
wv"i;i i<^ ^V"! nnn inKi np;" ht^î
called, "and stand on the mountain before the
nin;' \:;k3 k^ u/k ^\:^vin "ipKi 12 : mn")
Lord."
And lo, the Lord passed by. There was a great I 'n"''!!^ :ni?i npm "rli? u/An "irkt
and mighty wind, splitting mountains and shat-

tering rocks by the power of the Lord; but the
Lord was not in the wind. After the wind — an
earthquake; but the Lord was not in the earth-
quake. 'Âfter the earthquake — fire; but the

Lord was not in the fire. And after the fire —
soft murmuring sound.'' '^When Elijah heard
f So m<in>' Hfb. nns. and Septiiagint; most ma., and the vditiom, "K")'r mpi:n ihk noua
read "And he saw, and.
d Others "a still, small voice.
—
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 20.2 D KD"'3'7n D^N^na
it, he wrapped his mantle about his face and

went out and stood at the entrance of the cave. K'ij7 nnx'"'] 14 -Auf^K n'Q ^"^-nn nnxî
Then a voice addressed him: "Why are you here, inTy-iD nixny 'n'7K i mn"''? ""nKiij?
Ehjah?" i^He answered, "I am moved by zeal
iDnri ^'nnnTp-riK bk'W'' ^n "^ri"'"!^
for the Lord, the God of Hosts; for the Israelites
have forsaken Your covenant, torn down Your

altars, and have put Your prophets to the sword.
I alone am left, and they are out to take my life."
isThe Lord said to him, "Go back by the way b'KTn-riK nn\^?pT riKni pw?3i nnn-rn
you came, [and] on to the wilderness of Da- lu/prin Kin;' riKi 1^ : d-ik-'7V îbpb
mascus. When you get there, anoint Hazael as yu;''^K-nK"i bK'y\u'>-b:j q'773^ nu;>pn
king of Aram. iÂlso anoint Jehu son of Nimshi
K^nj^ n\u)2r\ n^lnp b'^Kri bD\^-]5
as king of Israel, and anoint Elisha son of
"^KTii nnnp vbmri nimi' :'^"'rinri
Shaphat of Abel-meholah to succeed you as
prophet. 1
''Whoever escapes the sword of
nmi K^n^ nnn?3 u'7n;irTT wn^ n^p^
Hazael shall be slain by Jehu, and whoever es-

nv^\u '7K"it^'^n ^n-)Ku;nii8 -.v^J^bK
capes the sword of Jehu shall be slain by Elisha. \v^2-i<b '^)UK u^!^3^^'lrl-b3 n\Q^x
181 will leave in Israel only seven thousand '^b ppyiib ^^\LjK nsn-Wi "717?^
every knee that has not knelt to Baal and every bau;-j| yuz-j^K-nK kyp'T n\i7n°'q'7='T 19
mouth that has not kissed him."

V2Bb bn^pY nt^y-D^Ji^ \uin Kim
i^He set out from there and came upon Elisha
v^K ^'\r[)bi<. iny:'i nwyn d^ju;^ kiht
son of Shaphat as he was plowing. There were
-lib^n-riK n'Ty;'! ^ vbK
: Ipitik "n'û;:'!
twelve yoke of oxen ahead of him, and he was
with the twelfth. Elijah came over to him and Krnpii^K i}3k'î '\n]bi<. nriK \'l1^
threw his mantle over him. -OHe left the oxen

1^7 "iJ3k='i ^nnx ^^bM m^b^ îk^
and ran after Elijah, saying: "Let me kiss my fa-
ther and mother good-by, and I will follow
you." And he answered him, "Go back.What ^^b jri'i -i\i;:nrT nb\i;:i hj^nrr '>b:i:i^
have I done to you?"^ 21 He turned back from

him and took the yoke of oxen and slaughtered
Q :innnu;"'i
them; he boiled /-their meat-/ with the gear.? of
the oxen and gave it to the people, and they ate.
Then he arose and followed Elijah and became
his attendant.
20 King Ben-hadad of Aram gathered his '73-nK ynj7 DiK-'q'pp TTn-jnT ^

whole army; thirty-two kings accompanied him Dip! iriK "^b-D n\2p^ d-'U7''7u;t l'7"'n
with horses and chariots. He advanced against

: nil nn^""! jinn'uz-'^y -iyî bv^_^ n^ni
Samaria, laid siege to it, and attacked it. Ând
e I.e., I am not stopping yon.
f-f Lit. "them, the flesh."

g I.e., using it as firewood; cf. 2 Sam. 24.22.
763
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 20.2 3 Ka''3'7>3 D^Kâj
he sent messengers to Ahab inside the city ^to
say to him, "Thus said Ben-hadad: Your silver -i)3K n'B i"? *-i)3K='i3 :n~|"'i;n bK'i\u'>
and gold are mine, and your beautiful wives and ^^lyji Kin-""? '^'i^ri]) ^903 nin"]?
children are mine." -iThe king of Israel replied,
-^hr2 iv!"!-' :Dn"''7 "'nlun ^]•'n^
"As you say, my lord king: I and all I have are
•jl^
"^^âri ""nK jiini? ^TpK'^l '^^-jtz;-'
yours." SThen the messengers came again and
said, "Thus said Ben-hadad: When I sent you
the order to give me your silver and gold, and -"s n>3K'7 tin"]? "inK-ns nj^K""!
your wives and children, Î meant that tomor- "^""u/ji ']:iri'i'\ ^303 iDK"? '^''pK ^r\nb\u
row at this time I will send my servants to you -ifin riys-DK i

•'3^' :]nn ^b ^'231
and they will search your house and the houses '^ri"'3-nK w^m ^•'^K n3y-nK nb\uK
of your courtiers and seize everything you" prize
^"^V i)pnn-'73 n^m T'"t3V ""nn hkt
and take it away."
:ini7^T Dip m'^pi
'Then the king of Israel summoned all the el-
ders of the land, and he said, "See for yourselves
how that man is bent on evil! For when he de-

manded my wives and my children, my silver •'3nT'pi "'3p3b'T "'J3'7i W2b •>% nb\u-'>2
and my gold, I did not refuse him." Âll the el- -"73 vbi<, npK'is •.îr272 "Tiyja i<b^
ders and all the people said, "Do not obey and Kl^l vpu;ri-'7K Dyn-'73T D"'Ji7Tn
do not submit!" '^So he said to Ben-hadad's mes- nnK iin-]3 '''2i<.b'i2b inKî -^
: nnK'n
sengers, "Tell my lord the king: All that you first
-bK nn'7U7-nu7K ^b3 ^bipn ""nK"?
demanded of your servant I shall do, but this
Kb n-fn n3'irn nti/yK nj'U7K-!3 ?]^3y
thing I cannot do." The messengers went and
reported this to him. 'OThereupon Ben-hadad
in3u;:'i n''3K'7?2ri \2bi} nwvb '731k
sent him this message: ''-"May the gods do thus n3 "inkî Tin-]3 V^K nb\Ij''^ 'o :-i3"i
to me and even more,-'' if the dust of Samaria yst^TQK iDpv ri2^ n^rib^ -^b ]wv-!
will provide even a handful for each of the men '^\UK Dyn-'73'7 u^bvujb ]in)3'u; nQV
who follow me!" : ''7A-13
'The king of Israel replied, "Tell him: Let not
'
-bK n3T ~lJpN''1 ^'7K")\i7^-T]^p ] v."! '
him who girds on his sword boast like him who

: nnD)p3 "iXn bbrin-^
ungirds it!"
nrivj Kini n-tn "in^n-riK Vnu/s
'-On hearing this reply — while he and the
^f}^) 12
other kings were drinking together at Suc-

coth — he"^commanded his followers, "Ad- K-'3J I
mni 13 :T'i;n-'7y mw1^ mw
vance!" And they advanced against the city. -|aK^y'7K"lti7^-^'7n 3KnK-'7K U/AJ IRK
'^Then a certain prophet went up to King Ahab
of Israel and said, "Thus said the Lord: Do you Di^n "îp ^2n: 'jjn n-rn '7n^rT
see that great host? I will deliver it into your
nNHN "DpK"'] '•« :mn'' ^JK-^3 nvT,'\
hands today, and you shall know that I am the
Lord." ''"Through whom?" asked Ahab. He
a Several ancient versions read "they.

b-b See note at 19.2.
c I.e., Ben-hadad.
764
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 20.26 3 K D"'D'7n D-iK^lJ
answered, "Thus said the Lord: Through the n.tf; n,i;Jî nin^ "ipK"n3 "ink"! ^pn
aides of the provincial governors." He asked, nnn^Tpn iDK;'-'jp "i)3x='i nlr-|)3n
"Who shall begin the battle?" And he answered,
"You."
vri''] nlri)3ri nu; nvrriK ipp") 15
'5So he mustered the aides of the provincial
governors, 232 strong, and then he mustered all
the troops — all the Israelites —7,000 strong,

nynu; bK-ipi ^n-b:^ n^jri-b^nK
if^hey marched out at noon, while Ben-hadad
was drinking himself drunk at Succoth together -u^\ijb\u D-iD^jam Kin nlijDs misu;
with the thirty- two kings allied with him. i^The
V}^ """i.^J î^^^l '^ :
iri'^ ^P "^bri d^ju/t
aides of the provincial governors rushed out ^'?^''"!
TT'.^^l "f1n"15 "T^^^"!? J^'i^^l'^ri
first. Ben-hadad sent [scouts], who told him,
"Some men have come out from Samaria." i^He

said, "If they have come out to surrender, take
them alive; and if they have come out for battle,

:mif7Qn "n iky^ nr^^nbrib dkt
take them alive anyhow." i^But the others — the ^.tp ''').V.) 'T'Vn'in iKY^ n'pK'119
aides of the provincial governors, with the army i3='l 20 : annnK nu/is b-^^ri) nlr"r?3n
behind them — had already rushed out of the bK'^p^ aEn")"! niK ^vp^ W-<k iiz-'x
city, ^*'and each of them struck down his op-
ponent. The Arameans fled, and Israel pursued -nx ^^p Ky;'i2i :n''U7"iQT
']'>_] bk'i\u'>
them; but King Ben-hadad of Aram escaped on
n3n n-jKn nsrn nD-jn-riKi oiDn
a horse with other horsemen. 21 The king of Is-
bk')\u^ "^br^-bK K^n|ri u/pt '-2 , nîiA
rael came out and attacked the horses and char-
iots, and inflicted a great defeat on the Arame-
nx nxm yii prnrin 'q'7 \b "ipK'"*!
ans. 22Then the prophet approached the king "^bp r[^\^r[ n:2Wnb -"a ntz/yn-iu/K
of Israel and said to him, "Go, keep up your D i-^-iî; nby nnx
efforts, and consider well what you must do; for 'TibK vbK npK nnx-'^b'p nnwa
the king of Aram will attack you at the turn of DîKi ^my2 ^pm bnn
]3-'7V nriTl'pK
the year."
2^Now the ministers of the king of Aram said

b^p^jan npn niyy njn -in^n-nKi 24
to him, "Their God is a God of mountains; that
is why they got the better of us. But if we fight
:Dn''nnn nin? wp) i?3p)3jp iiz-'k
them in the plain, we will surely get the better

biiîTi °'7^n3 7;'n 1 ^^mnn nnxi 25
of them. 24Do this: Remove all the kings from nnn^j") 33^3 33n"i 1 did? didt "^nlKa
their posts and appoint governors in their place. nnn pTHj K'7-nK -iiU7^J33 bniK
25Then muster for yourself an army equal to the Q :]3 tZ/V.I D^p^ VpU^^l
army you lost, horse for horse and chariot for
chariot. And let us fight them in the plain, and
we will surely get the better of them." He took
their advice and acted accordingly.
2f'At the turn of the year, Ben-hadad mustered
765
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 20.26 D K n"'D'7n D-'K-'^J
the Arameans and advanced on Aphek to fight
Israel. 27Now the Israelites had been mustered i'73'7DT npann bk^^W1 ^n^ '- -.
Vkiu/^
and provisioned, and they went out against D"i;i3 '7K~)U7"'""'jn îm_ anK-jp"? id"?""!
them; but when the Israelites encamped against

-riK iK^n DnKi d^ti; •au/n -"ju/d
them, they looked like two flocks'' of goats,
while the Arameans covered the land. 28Then
the man of God approached and spoke to the
king of Israel, "Thus said the Lord: Because the

mni bnn '>ribi<;. d-ik nuN -iu;k iv:"'
Arameans have said, 'The Lord is a God of -•â-riK 'nnji" Kin n-'pnv 'rf'7K-k'7T
mountains, but He is not a God of lowlands,'

I will deliver that great host into your hands;
and you shall know that I am the Lord."

n^p^ rivnu; n^K na'j nVx i3n:!i29
-"^For seven days they were encamped oppo-
site each other. On the seventh day, the battle
ri^K-nxn nnKTiK '7K-!u;"'-in 13:11
was joined and the Israelites struck down
100,000 Aramean foot soldiers in one day. 30The
I nnni^n iDiî3'j :inK avn '>b:.•^
survivors fled to Aphek, inside the town, and -^V njpinn ^h'^r\) T'l/n^'^K npSK
the wall fell on the 27,000 survivors.
Ben-hadad also fled and took refuge inside

the town, in an inner chamber. îHis ministers
mn Viny>^K npK'isi d :"ii.n3
said to him, "We have heard that the kings of
the House of Israel are magnanimous kings. Let
us put sackcloth on our loins and ropes on our

heads, and surrender to the king of Israel; per-
haps he will spare your life." ^^So they girded
sackcloth on their loins and wound ropes

around their heads, and came to the king of Is- -ipK nin~]n "Tiiav nnK""] bkip-' "^b-n
rael and said, "Your servant Ben-hadad says, T "HK •'n iniyn n)3Kî •'U/qj Kr^nn
beg you, spare my life.'" He replied, "Is he still
"ivbw) nn)3''T iwnr nû/3Nm 33 : Kin
alive? He is my brother." 33The men divined his
1K3 "ink"! "fin"l5 T9^ ^"iP>^^T ^J'^^n
meaning and quickly ''caught the word from
-7^ '^'r\bv'!} "fin"l5 ''/'^ ^.V"! "i^Di?
him,-''saying, "Yes, Ben-hadad isyour brother."
"Go, bring him," he said. Ben-hadad came out nu7K any^l """'^^ '^^^"'^ -^ ^^^^Î'pr^
to him, and he invited him into his chariot. niyinf n^WK ^'3k riKD '•'nK-np'?
^-^Ben-hadad said to him, "I will give back the ''nK tf/nwKa ppy^l^ "^b D''u;n
towns that my father took from your father, and

you may set up bazaars for yourself in Damascus D :inn'7\z;"'T nnn
as my father did in Samaria." "And I, for my
part," [said Ahab,] "will let you go home under
these terms." So he made a treaty with him and
dismissed him.
d Mvanmg of Heb. uncertain.
766
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 21.4 KD K D^d'^D n-'K''nj
35A certain man, a disciple of the prophets, -^K -ipK D''K''?3n 'Jnp THK \:;''k'i 3^
said to another, at the word of the Lord, "Strike \:7"'Kri ]K)2'>) Ki Iran mn;" iî'iii inyn
me"; but the man refused to strike him. ^^He
said to him, "Because you have not obeyed the

Lord, a Hon will strike you dead as soon as you
leave me." And when he left, a lion came upon
him and killed him. 37Then he met another man
and said, "Come, strike me." So the man struck
him and wounded him. 38Then the prophet, -bv Tj^KJ^ l^V:'1 K-iniri '"qVÎ 38 : yVQI
disguised by a cloth over his eyes, went and 'rTii39 :vpv-bv iQKn wEjnri'i qn-in
waited for the king by the road. 39As the king -i)pK^T q^^^n-'^K pyy Kirri -inV "^^^n
passed by, he cried out to the king and said,
"Your servant went out into the thick of the bat-
riK H)3\z7 njpK^T \u'<k ''7K K;^1^ no
tle. Suddenly a man came over and brought a
man to me, saying, 'Guard this man! If he is mis-
nn^m ipE)"' hpsn-DK n^n u/^Kn
sing, it will be your life for his, or you will have :'7li7U7n HP^nBD Ii5 lu/Qj nnji ^tjujqj
to pay a talent of silver.' ôwhile your servant ^rii Kirn mni n|ri ripv "jj^nv ^nî 40
was busy here and there, [the man] got away."

The king of Israel responded, "You have your -iSKH-riK hpjji nn)?:'i4i rn^nn nriK
verdict; you pronounced it yourself" 4iQuickly "^^n Hn'K "13;''! i^rv bya
'7K"iU7'' ""Jpy)?
he removed the cloth from his eyes, and the king
n3 vbi< "inK')T42 :Kin n-iKnarTp "'b
recognized him as one of the prophets. 42He said
nnbp
')p-in-U7"'K-nK mn^ "ipK ]i7;i
to him, "Thus said the Lord: Because you have
set free the man whom I doomed, your life shall nnn '^m^ iu;Qj nnn "îi/qj nn^ni to
be forfeit for his life and your people for his peo- "ID ln"'3-'7i; '7K"it^-'-'q'7p "^ /';',"! 43 njpy
ple." 43Dispirited and sullen, the king left for Q :njn)p'U7 K3î civn
home and came to Samaria.
21 [The following events] occurred some- n"i3 nbkn nnn^n nriK ^n^'^ IN^
time afterward: Naboth the Jezreelite owned a '7Ki;-iT"'3 "iu;k '^Ki;iT''rT nlnj"? r[;ri
vineyard in Jezreel, adjoining the palace of King

'^'2.l'>^ 2 : ]1"!pU7 T|^n nknK 'rp^n "ryx
Ahab of Samaria. 2Ahab said to Naboth, "Give
me your vineyard, so that may have it as a veg- I
bill? Kin '3 p"ij-p^ '^P'TT"') "^Jpls-riK

etable garden, since it is right next to my palace.
niu n-13 Tinnri \b mriKi '>ni'ii. '7yK
I will give you a better vineyard in exchange;
or, if you prefer, I will pay you the price in
money." 3But Naboth replied, "The Lord for- 3KnK-'7K nl3J "IDK^P ; HT T'np
bid that I should give up to you what I have in-
herited from my fathers!" 4Ahab went home dis- np in"'3-'7K IKflK K'3^T4 :"q^ ip^K
pirited and suUen because of the answer that
767
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 21.4 KD K D"'D'7D n-'N-'nj
Naboth the Jezreelite had given him: "I will not

give up to you what I have inherited from my n'pnrnK "^b iriK-k"? nipk^'i ''7Ky"iT''n
fathers!" He lay down on his bed and turned
away his face, and he would not eat. ^His wife
Jezebel came to him and asked him, "Why are
you so dispirited that you won't eat?" ^So he told

her, "I spoke to Naboth the Jezreelite and pro-
-|51K-"'3 rT">^K -ISTI ^ : nn^ "^DK "^J-'K")
posed to him, 'Sell me your vineyard for money,
or if you prefer, I'll give you another vineyard nr\K ysn-DK Ik rjpDn "îDiD-riK
in exchange'; but he answered, 'I will not give jriK-k'p "i)3K''i vnnn d-id •^'7-n3nK
my vineyard to you.'" ''His wife Jezebel said to '7;irK vbK "DpK'nV :"'p"13-nK ^"7
him, "Now is the time to show yourself king
-bv r['2^b'D nt^vn nnv nnK inu;K
over Israel. Rise and eat something, and be
^"JK "îb npTi bn^-'7DK mp b^-^w^,
cheerful; I will get the vineyard of Naboth the
: ''7KviT''rT nl3J n"i3"nK i\b jriK
Jezreelite for you."
8So she wrote letters in Ahab's name and nnnrri ikpik u\u:i bnQD InDrris
sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters -'7X nnQp DnDDH n'û/ni l)3n'n3
to the elders and the nobles who lived in the in-'vn nu7K bn'nn-'^Ki w^p^ri
same town with Naboth. 'În the letters she Dn3p3 nnprriy :nlnrnK n^'nu/'^n
wrote as follows: "Proclaim a fast and seat
ni^rriK in^'uîm niy-iK-ip iuk"?
Naboth at the front of the assembly. 'OAnd seat
1U7JK Dîu; inî^lnfio -.uv-n U7k'-i3
two scoundrels opposite him, and let them tes-
npi5 'i'hKb iniv") 'î^ '^b}j'ib:i-^n
tify against him: 'You have reviled God and
n')pî in'pppi ^HK-'ylm "^bu) D"'rf'7K
king!' Then take him out and stone him to
:
death."
"His townsmen — the elders and nobles who nnû; -iu;k3 in^vî n-'nu;';'n -iu;k
lived in his town —did as Jezebel had instructed nn3D3 hina -i)z;k3 "^nrK Drr^'pN
them, just as was written in the letters she had nl^ iDH"''?^ nn'û; -i\^k
î<1i?'-
sent them: '-They proclaimed a fast and seated
iK'3^fi3 :Dvn u;k-i3 HlnrriK n^wm
Naboth at the front of the assembly. '^Then the
two scoundrels came and sat down opposite
him; and the scoundrels testified against Na-
n>j nlnrriK '7V^^3rT iu/jk ^hivt
both publicly as follows: "Naboth has reviled "^b-n) u^ribK ninj Tj-in -int^b Dvn
God and king." Then they took him outside the n^nKn in^pp"'] t":;^ Y^nr2 inxy""!
town and stoned him to death. '-^Word was sent "7170 inx'? '^npK-bK inbu/^Ti-t :n>3^1
to Jezebel: "Naboth has been stoned to death." -"s "^nrK vnwD 'mTi' rini) nin;
'
5As soon as Jezebel heard that Naboth had been
-bK b'2VK "upKni nnî nin: b^v
stoned to death, she said to Ahab, "Go and take
mnj I a"|3-nK u;n mp ^khk
possession of the vineyard which Naboth the
-'2 qoin fl'?"nn^ ]Kn -iu;k "•'7KV"iT''n
Jezreelite refused to sell you for money; for
Naboth is no longer alive, he is dead." '''When

i;>3\:73 ""mi 1'^
:rin-'3 ti mn: yK
768
"
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 21.28 KD K D"'D'7D D''X''nj
Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, Ahab set out

for the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreehte to take
possession of it.
i^Then the word of the Lord came to Ehjah

-^bri nKHK riKnp^ in miîs n)2Kb
the Tishbite: i8"Go down and confront King
Ahab of Israel who [resides] in Samaria. He is
now in Naboth's vineyard; he has gone down
there to take possession of it. i^Say to him, 'Thus -DAI J^nYin niH""nwK ns inx'?
said the Lord: Would you murder and take pos- npK ns n')bK'7 vb^ nnîi npji
session? Thus said the Lord: In the very place
where the dogs lapped up Naboth's blood, the
dogs will lap up your blood too.'"
20Ahab said to Elijah, "So you have found me,

my enemy?" "Yes, I have found you," he replied.
Ti-iajprin jy;" "'hky^p nTpK'î 'n;'K
"Because you have committed yourself to doing
what is evil in the sight of the Lord, 21I will bring ^nn îjrT2i :mn-' ^ryn ynn nlU;y^
disaster upon you. I will make a clean sweep of "innpni "^nnK ""rinynT ni7n/'^-''7K kî??
you, I will cut off from Israel every male be- mryi myyi Tipî yrwu'D bxnx^
longing to Ahab,"-bond and free." 22And I wiU h'>'i2 •^n-'n-nK ""nnji 22 :'7K-;u;"'3
make your house like the House of Jeroboam n^nK"]^ KUJV'3. rrinsT unrjn nv:i'v
son of Nebat and like the House of Baasha son
-nx Kpnni npvpn nu/K bi73n-'7K
of Ahijah, because of the provocation you have
mn;' -inn '^nnK^-aiii 23 :'7K"iu;^
caused by leading Israel to sin. 23And the Lord
has also spoken concerning Jezebel: 'The dogs
shall devour Jezebel in the field'' of Jezreel. 24A11 i^pK'T n^v? ^^^nK^ ri)3rT24 :'7Ki;"!T^
of Ahab's line who die in the town shall be iqiy ^b2i<^ niti73 hjarn Q"'n^3n
devoured by dogs, and all who die in the
open country shall be devoured by the birds of niinnn nKnK3 n^'n-K'? p"i25
-iu;k
the sky.'"
nnpnnu/K mn^ 'ryî ynn nw):b
(25Indeed, there never was anyone like Ahab,
"ikr: nvniiv^ :inu;K b:i};>i<. in'x
who committed himself to doing what was dis-
pleasing to the Lord, at the instigation of his
wv 1U7K ^'733 W'bb^.ri nnK n3^^^
wife Jezebel. 26He acted most abominably, "'J3 'JSp nln;" u;nln h\z;K n'T^xn
straying after the fetishes just like the Amorites, D : '7K"1U7;'
whom the Lord had dispossessed before the annin-riK nxnis V)2p2 °"'n"'T27
Israelites.) -bv pp-u\u''^ T'lJ.n v^p") r^bkri

27When Ahab heard these words, he rent his
on his body. He fasted

D : UK "^ j^nî pti73 n3U7^T um intp^
clothes and put sackcloth
and lay in sackcloth and walked about subdued.

28Then the word of the Lord came to Elijah the "p'^na- nnK noiJa v. 23.
a-a See note at 14.10.

b SonineHeb. mss.andtheparaHel2Kmgs9.36,aswellasTargt(m
and other ancient versions. Most texts read here "rampart.
769
NEvi'iM 1 KINGS 21.28 K3 K D"'d'7)3 n-'K-'nj
Tishbite: 29"Haveyou seen how Ahab has hum-

bled himself before Me? Because he has hum-
bled himself before Me, I will not bring the dis-
aster in his lifetime; I will bring the disaster upon
his house in his son's time."
99
_^ .^ ''There was a lull of" three years, with TMrznb-D j-iK WW \ub\ij ni^"") n3
no war between Aram and Israel. -In the third nj\i73 •'H"''] - D : ':'K~!U;"' pni d"ik y^
year, King lehoshaphat of Judah came to visit
n'r\r[''-]b)2 usu/in"' ly} nw'>b\i;ri
the king of Israel. ^The king of Israel said to his
^'7N"iU7-'-qbp "inK"!? :'7K")ti7"' "^b-n-b^
courtiers, "You know that Ramoth-gilead be-
longs to us, and yet we do nothing to recover

^br2 i;ip nn'K nni^p D"'U/n)3 ijmKi
it from the hands of the king of Aram." Ând
he said to Jehoshaphat, "Will you come with me
to battle at Ramoth-gilead?" lehoshaphat an- uQ\f;inT "DpN"! ly'Â n)3n rTDnb)^^
swered the king of Israel, "I will do what you "^12^2 '''I2V2 "^liQD •'Jln3 bi<,-]\u'> "^b^'bi^
do; my troops shall be your troops, my horses -bi< UQU/ln"' "ink''"!? :^"'p1D3 'p1D3
shall be your horses." ^But Jehoshaphat said fur-
ther to the king of Israel, "Please, first inquire
of the Lord."
"b"'K-'n3rT-ni< bi<.'w-'--\b'i2 Yiip'''\*(>
6S0 the king of Israel gathered the prophets,
about four hundred men, and asked them, "I'^KH Dn'7K nnk"! V^K niK)3 yniK3
"Shall I march upon Ramoth-gilead for battle, '7'inK-DK nyznbf^b ivb^ riuyb:}
or shall I not?" "March," they said, "and the :'^^)3rT Tn \pi<. jrT'i nb^, nnk""!
'
Lord will deliver [it] into Your Majesty's nrn^b N^nj ns ykn usiz/in^ ink''"!
hands." "Then Jehoshaphat asked, "Isn't there -q'pp "inKîs ririlKW nu/iiJi liy
another prophet of the Lord here through
inK"u;"'K Tly uqwIh^-Vk i bi<,-]iu^
whom we can inquire?" Ând the king of Israel
•'s TinKJiz; ""jk"! iri'Ka n"in"'-nKV~n'7
answered Jehoshaphat, "There is one more man
through whom we can inquire of the Lord;
in^D-ia yvDK '>3 hlu 'by Knjrr'-k'^
but I hate him, because he never prophesies -i)?K''-'7K utjwin"' ink''") n^n^-jn
anything good for me, but only misfortune D"'"!D-'7K bk^^\IJ'' "^bp Kip""! '^
-
1? "^bypri
Micaiah son of Imlah." But King Jehoshaphat : n^)3"'-jn in"'3"'?p r^'^^^'^2 "inK'") iriK
said, "Don't say that. Your Majesty." '^So the n"iin"'-Ti'7p uQ\f7in"'T bk~wi "^bm i"
king of Israel summoned an officer and said,

""in D"'U;3'7a iKD3-'7i7 u/^K D"'nu;'"'
"Bring Micaiah son of Imlah at once."
D"'K"'n;in-'7Di p-inu; "iv^ nns ji^n
"'The king of Israel and King Jehoshaphat of
Judah were seated on their thrones, arrayed in
their robes, on the threshing floor at the en-
a-a Lit. "They remained."
770
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 22.22 33 K ^2^)2 n''N''3J
trance of the gate of Samaria; and all the proph-
ets were prophesying before them. I'Zedekiah

son of Chenaanah had provided himself with : Dri'73-iv nnK-jiK mjn nVxn mn''
iron horns; and he said, "Thus said the Lord:
With these you shall gore the Arameans till you
make an end of them." i2And all the other
prophets were prophesying similarly, "March

upon Ramoth-gilead and triumph! The Lord
will deliver it into Your Majesty's hands."
i3The messenger who had gone to summon -jnm KJ-'inT 'q'7)3ri-'7K nlu iriK-ns
Micaiah said to him: "Look, the words of the :nlu rii5ii Dnw iriK nnia inni
prophets are with one accord favorable to the
nu/K'riK •'a nin"'-'n in^p^n nipKî 14
king. Let your word be like that of the rest of

Klnîis :-in"|K in'K ^bK mn;' -ipK"'
them; speak a favorable word." '^"As the Lord
\m^)2 T-^K "^biQri '^^2i<^^ '"'^bjpri-bif,
lives," Micaiah answered, "I will speak only
what the Lord tells me. " 1
5 When he came before -UK njpn^?3'7 iv% ^^T^^ "^^^^
the king, the king said to him, "Micaiah, shall ]nji n^YHT nb:;, vb^ "inKî "7^11^
we march upon Ramoth-gilead for battle, or 1^73ri vbK njoK^Tif :^bi3r\ tî mn"'
shall we not?" He answered him, "March and -iib -iU7K '^v^p'n '3K D^pVQ n)33-nv
triumph! The Lord will deliver [it] into Your -.nrn^, u\u:i ^P^'PI ''^^ ~^^'^-^
Majesty's hands." i^The king said to him, "How
D^y'Qj ^'7K"iU7^-'73-nK ^n^K"! "ip^'^1 ^^
many times must I adjure you to tell me nothing

nvn nn'p-i^K "iu;k ]ky3 Dnnn-'7K
but the truth in the name of the Lord?" '^Then
he said, "I saw all Israel scattered over the hills
^2W1 nbkb n^pK-^b h)n'> ~i)pK'i
like sheep without a shepherd; and the Lord -^bri i)pK='Ti« :ai'7\z;n irr'n'p-w-'K
said, 'These have no master; let everyone return l^'pK 'rriipK Kl'7n upU7in;'-'7K '7K"it^''
to his home in safety.'" i8"Didn't I tell you," said :yn-DK ""a nlu 'bv K^jn-'-Kl'p
the king of Israel to Jehoshaphat, "that he would 'rT'K"! mn^nn"! vp\u ]3^ "iJpkh 1^
not prophesy good fortune for me, but only

Kny-'^Di iKp3-'7V :^p^ mn^-riK
misfortune?" i^But [Micaiah] said, "I call upon
you to hear the word of the Lord! I saw the Lord
bvh nKfij^TiK nnQ"' 'jp niri^ "i)3k=jT2o
seated upon His throne, with all the host of
heaven standing in attendance to the right and nn n^n nr nuK'î iv% n')3-i3 b'B'^)
to the left of Him. 20The Lord asked, 'Who will ''Jd'7 Vny^T nnn ky''T2i :nb3 ipx
entice Ahab so that he will march and fall at
Ramoth-gilead?' Then one said thus and annn ^Ti^ni kyk n)pK^l 22 : nips vbK
other said thus, 2iuntil a certain spirit came for-
-un hnan nj3K^T T'K''nr'73 'Qs -ipu;
ward and stood before the Lord and said, 'I will
entice him.' 'How?' the Lord asked him. ^Ând

he replied, 'I will go out and be a lying spirit
in the mouth of all his prophets.' Then He said.
771
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 22.22 33 Ka''3'7D D^K-'33
'You will entice and you will prevail. Go out and

do it.' 23So the Lord has put a lying spirit in
themouth of all these prophets of yours; for the : ny-j -^-^bv 131 r[)r[iy
Lord has decreed disaster upon you."

-•Thereupon Zedekiah son of Chenaanah
nny nf-'K nipKî "n'prT-'^y in^D^n
stepped up and struck Micaiah on the cheek,
"i)3K'=|125 :iinlK ^^^^lb ""nxip mn^-nn
and demanded, "Which way did the spirit of the
Lord pass from me to speak with you?" -Ând K'nn "iu;k K^nn Diîi hki "jiîri ih^d^d
Micaiah replied, "You'll find out on the day i\b)2 ink''"! 26 :nnnn'7 nnnn iin
when you try to hide in the innermost room."
-^Then the king of Israel said, "Take Micaiah t^'^jan-jn i^^kv-^kt -i^yn-nti; jbK
and turn him over to Amon, the city's governor, nrriK mw "^buri npK na riinKi 27
and to Prince Joash, -ând say, 'The king's or-
Q"'PT y^^ Dn'7 m^^DNni K^sn n-'B
ders are: Put this fellow in prison, and let his
^'^^'2^n ij^k""! 2h :Dl'pii/n ^K'n f y yn^
fare be scant bread and scant water until I come
home safe.'" 28To which Micaiah retorted, "If
you ever come home safe, the Lord has not spo- :n^3 D-'py ^v^l2\u nipK""! ""n
ken through me." ''He said further, "Listen, all
you peoples!"-'' bk'W'', "^îpn^jK""! 30 : lyâ n)3"i niin^

-"^So the king of Israel and King Jehoshaphat nm^pT^n kit VQnnn uDu;ln-'-'7K
of Judah marched upon Ramoth-gilead. '"The
king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, "^"Disguise
my aiK "q'^nvM :n)pn'7r3n Kin;"!
yourself and go-^' into the battle; but you, wear
your robes." So the king of Israel went into

the battle disguised. -''Now the king of Aram '7'iirnK") I'ui?"'^^ Mfznbn kb iibK"?
had instructed his thirty-two chariot officers: 'ri"'T32 -.mb bK'W'> "q^D-riK-DK ^3
"Don't attack anyone, small or great, except the n)3ni uDwin-i-nK nD^ri nU; >i1n"|3
king of Israel." -"^^So when the chariot officers vbv np;""! Kin '7K-iu;"'"q'7n "^k nnK
saw Jehoshaphat, whom they took for the king
hlKiD •rT'T 33 :UD\i/ln"' pyTî nn^n^
of Israel, they turned upon him to attack him,
wn bKip-> ']b'n-i<b-'':2 nDnn ^îu
and Jehoshaphat cried out. ''-''And when the
chariot officers became aware that he was not

the king of Israel, they turned back from pur-
suing him. ?^Then a man drew his bow at ran-
^-jT "qon 1i3"!'7 nnKî ]"',1^n im
dom and he hit the king of Israel between ''the
plates of'' the armor; and he said to his char-
ioteer, "lurn 'the horses'' around and get me
bb Perluips a notation iuggesting that Mtcaiah wiis identiciil
wiihMicah, whose prophecies begin, "Listen, all you peoples,"
Mic. 1.2.
Targum and Septuagint read, "I will disguise myself and go.
d-d Meaning of Ueb. uncertain.
e-e Lit. "your hand, " because horses are guided by a pull on the
appropriate rein; cf. 2 Kings 9.23.
Ill
"
NEVi'iM 1 KINGS 22.47 nD Kn''D'7)3 D^K^J
/-behind the lines;-/ I'm wounded." 35The battle

''-raged all day long,-*^ and the king remained
propped up in the chariot facing Aram; the
blood from the wound ran down into the hol-
u/n^n xn3 ninran nnn nny:'i36
low of the chariot, and at dusk he died. ^Âs the
sun was going down, a shout went through the

army: "Every man to his own town! Every man nnp"! ]'\y2VJ Kinî "^br^ri n?p=ii3-
to his own district." nnnri-nK iquu/^'i 38 : ]i-i7p'u;n T]^)3n-nK
37So the king died g-and was brought-^ to Sa- b^n^sn ^pbî) ]innw n^-in 1
^7^
maria. They buried the king in Samaria, ^Sand -iu;k mn^ "inia lyn-i nUTni l?b^-nK
they flushed out the chariot at the pool of Sa-
maria. Thus the dogs lapped up his blood and
n^ni nti/y -iu;k-'7D1 nkfiK nni in;;i 39
the whores bathed [in it], in accordance with
mn -IU7K Dni7n-'7Di nh "iu;k ^wn
the word that the Lord had spoken.^'
?9The other events of Ahab's reign, and aU his

n^n^n nni isp-^v Q^:i^ri3 nn-Ki'^n
actions —the ivory palace that he built and all
the towns that he fortified — are all recorded in

the Annals of the Kings of Israel. ÔAhab slept
with his fathers, and his son Ahaziah succeeded
him as king.
4iJehoshaphat son of Asa had become king

mu; mm w^b^-]:;! U)Du;in"'42
^^?3 n:\Lj v))2m anU/yi 13^)33

of Judah in the fourth year of King Ahab of Is-
:"'n'7u;-nn nnity i?3i< u\u^ ub^j^'^^:l
rael. 42jehoshaphat was thirty-five years old
when he became king, and he reigned in Jeru-
salem for twentv^-five years. His mother's name •qx 44 npi ^)^V3. -lu/^n nwvb *^=i)3?p
:
was Azubah daughter of Shilhi. **-'*He followed n^nnm Dyn iiy np-Kb' ninnn
closely the course of his father Asa and did not uQif/ln^ d'?^'t^-' :rii733n Dnupni
deviate from doing what was pleasing to the
uQU/in"' nni inî 45 ^xnu;-' "^bri-uv
it,
:
Lord. -i-^However, the shrines did not cease to

-i<br\ nn'pj i\z;ki niuv'^vjii. in-jin^T
function; the people still sacrificed and offered
at the shrines. "JÂnd further, Jehoshaphat sub-
mitted to the king of Israel. 46As for the other
-lU/K wipn 'in!;i4" :nir\m î^rib
events of Jehoshaphat's reign and the valor he :y"iKn-]?3 nyn ti^k kdk ^n^n in^j
displayed in battle, they are recorded in the An-
nals of the Kings of Judah. (-i^He also stamped

out the remaining male prostitutes who had
survived in the land from the time of his fa-
ther Asa.)
/-/ Lit. "outside the camp. r\m-n" i^vom y-t-'^v v. 43.

"
g-g Lit. "he came.
h Cf. 2L19.
773
NSvi'iM 1 KINGS 22.48 33 Kn"'3b?3 DiN^nj
48There was no king in Edom; 'a viceroy acted UQU/IH"" 49 : r|Vn ni^J nnK3 I^K "^bm 48
as king. -I'^Jehoshaphat' constructed Tarshish
ships to sail to Ophir for gold. But he did not nl;>JK nnu;j nn3u;r"'3 r\br\ k"?! 2r\]b
sail because the ships were wrecked at Ezion-
-]2 innriK "ikik tkso n^^ P"'2fV?
geber. ?0Then Ahaziah son of Ahab proposed
"DV nny id'?:' U3u;ln^-'7i< dkhk
to Jehoshaphat, "Let my servants sail on the
ships with your servants"; but Jehoshaphat

:UQu;1n^ nnK Kb) ri1;'JKn "^''^ni;
would not agree, sijehoshaphat slept with his
fathers and was buried with his fathers in the
city of his father David, and his son Jehoram

succeeded him as king.
52[Meanwhile,] Ahaziah son of Ahab had be-

come king of Israel, in Samaria, in the seven-
iD^nju; bi<,-wi-bv "^^JP"! nnin-" "^br^
teenth year of King Jehoshaphat of Judah; he
reigned over Israel two years. ^-'He did what was

VnK ^np î^î mn^ ^rv:i ynn \uvi] 53
displeasing to the Lord, following in the foot- ni^K unr]n Dvn~i^ "nil?''
""^^ "HIP"'
:
steps of his father and his mother, and in those '7V?rT-nKhay''i54 '7K-)U7;'-nK K-iunn
of Jeroboam son of Nebat who had caused Israel '>ribK nin-i-riN dv3''t ^b ninnw;'"]
to sin. 5''He worshiped Baal and bowed down
to him; he vexed the Lord, the God of Israel,
just as his father had done.
i-i Emendation yields 'the viceroy of King lehoshaphal."

j See note at 10.22.
774
b tt^sbft
2 KINGS
1
Israel.
After Ahab's death, Moab rebelled against K
-Ahaziah fell through the lattice in his upper
chamber at Samaria and was injured. So he sent
messengers, whom he instructed: "Go inquire
of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether I shall
recover from this injury." -^But an angel of the
Lord said to Elijah the Tishbite, "Go and con-
front the messengers of the king of Samaria and
say to them, 'Is there no God in Israel that you u;n-[^ "'sVn briK "^k-ju/^s b-'rf'7i<:-]"'K
go to inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron?

'Âssuredly, thus said the Lord: You shall not
«-rise from the bed you are lying on,-" but you
shall die.'" And Elijah went.
uri^bK -i)pK''i i\^K n''3K^)3rT im\i7î 5
5The messengers returned to Ahaziah;^ and
"Why have you come back?" ^They u;"'x vbi<, nuKîft :Dnnu; nr-n-n
he asked, I
answered him, "A man came toward us and said îmu; iD^~^j"''7K n)3K=^T ijnKnp^ nbv
to us, 'Go back to the king who sent you, and Drnnn 'b^nx nb\LJ-i\iJi<. "^byzri-bK
say to him: Thus said the Lord: Is there no God h''r\bi<^yK ^'7nnri nin^ n)3K na vbi<,
in Israel that you must send to inquire of
mnr bv^:^ u/ni'p nb\L; nnx '7>^"!t^^^
Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron? Assuredly, you
ux^ n^'bv-'^^ji<^ nuiarr p^° ]1-ipi; '>TibK
shall not rise from the bed you are lying on, but
n^TV :niDri nDp-p nm-n i^n-i<b
shall die.'" ^"What sort of man was it," he asked
them, "who came toward you and said these
nbv "IU7K Mj^kri vb\ij'd njp rT'7K
things to you?" 8"A hairy man," they replied,
"with a leather belt tied around his waist." '^v\u bv^ u/^K vbi<. n^pK"''! « : h^kh
"That's Elijah the Tishbite!" he said.
9Then he sent to him a captain of fifty with
his fifty men. He climbed up to him, and found
bvi) vmm Q"'ti7)3n-nu; vbK n'?\p''T 9
him sitting at the top of a hill. "Man of God,"
-i;i"i"'1 "inn vJK'^-b]; hu/'"' n;ini vbK
he said to him, "by order of the king, come
down!" lOElijah replied to the captain of the
fift)^ "If I am a man of God, let fire come down b"'u^)3nn -it:;-'7K n^TT in^'rK myi 10
(i-fl Lit. "descend from the bed you have mounted."

b Heb. "him."
775
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 1.10 K ^ D''37?3 •'K'-nj
from heaven and consume you with your fifty ])p 'i^K Tin ""JK u^ribK \uî<,-ui<.^
men!" And fire came down from heaven and "Tini 'T'ti^nn-nKi "^jik b2i<n^ n-inwri
consumed him and his fifty men. "The king -nKT inK "^DK'n"! DinwrT-])? \uk
then sent to him another captain with his fifty
"lu; vbi<. nbp'') nif/^Tn -.vx^-Dn
men; and he 'addressed him-' "Man
as follows:
of God, by order of the king, come down at

r^'^ri'n "^'p^n "ipK'n's DTl'7KrT \u->k
once!" i2But Elijah answered him, "If I am a
man of God, let fire come down from heaven "DK bn^^K "I31''"! n^'7N ]V''."!'- •^'0.
and consume you with your fifty men!" And fire
of Ciod came down from heaven and consumed -u/K inni "?]^\i7)pn-nKi ?inK b2l<n^
him and his fifty men. '-^Then he sent a third
-riKi in'K b:?i<î^ D^pii^n-jjp dtI'7k
captain of fifty with his fifty men. The third cap-
D-'ii/pn—it^ n'7u;''"i iû/Ji'-^ :T'^pn
tain of fifty climbed to the top, knelt before Eli-
iah, and implored him, saying, "Oh, man of

God, please have regard for my life and the lives
of these fifty servants of yours! ''Already fire has
come from heaven and consumed the first two

captains of fifty and their men;'' I beg you, have mnn :'^-'j-'v? D"'^>pn r[bK "ri^nny
regard for my life!"
'?Then the angel of the Lord said to Elijah,
"Go down with him, do not be afraid of him."

D :^^ry:n ^w^:i ^p^'^n nnv"!
So he rose and went down with him to the king.
iniK 11 in^'7K-'7K n-jn-' "^Kh-Q •^±l^^ 13
•^He said to him, "Because you sent messengers
to inquire of Baal-zebub the god of Ekron
"b'K iniK i-y,} u\?i) vjBn K"i''n-'7K
as if there were no God in Israel whose word

you could seek — assuredly, you shall not rise nnr '^v?^! V~iiyD"'3K^)? nnbvJ-~)\uK
from the bed which you are lying on; but you bk'ip'':\u^ribK-yK ''73^71 pipy "'n'^K
shall die." nw n^bv'^pii. nu?3n ]2b linin wii^

•''And [Ahaziah] died, according to the word
of the Lord that Elijah had spoken. Jehorani'
^r^^bi<. -inmu/K 1 mn"" iniD naî i"
succeeded him as king, in the second year of
King Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat ot Judah, tor
wnvj ni\u:i 3 vnnn Diin-' •^'7n''i
he had no son. i>*The other events of Ahaziah's ^p nyini Ti'7)3 uQiz/in-"-]!! niln"''?
reign [and] his actions are recorded in the An- in-jTHK nni in^.V'^ :]3 '\b n^rr-k'?
nals of the Kings of Israel. "isp-by DînriD n)3n-Kl'7n nu;y iu/k

D :'7K~IU;"' 'D'7n'7 D^JD^H nni
^ When the Lord was about to take Eliiah IH^^K'^K niH"' m'7yri3 TT'T ^
up to heaven in a whirlwind, Elijah and Elisha VU/"'^><;T TIT'^N l'?'''] D"')3Wn n~iyp3
( -( i 'mruiiiiii'ii yicUs 'went up and said to him,' cf. v. 9.
d Lit. "fiflici."
e Hrothcr of Ahazitih.
"
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 2.12 1 nn"'3'7)3 n^K^nj
had set out from Gilgal. 2Elijah said to Elisha,

"Stay here, for the Lord has sent me on to
Bethel." "As the Lord lives and as you live," said

Elisha, "I will not leave you." So they went down
to Bethel. ^Disciples of the prophets at Bethel
came out to Elisha and said to him, "Do you

know that the Lord will take your master "away
ngb' mn^ nl^n '3 nVTO '^^^^ "ilP^""!
from you-" today?" He replied, "I know it, too; JK-DA "i?3K'='"! "û/K'n bvri ^'JiK'.nK
be silent."
4Then Elijah said to him, "Elisha, stay here,
for the Lord has sent me on to Jericho." "As mn:'-^n n)pkî inn"' ""jnû; nin-' -"3
the Lord lives and as you live," said Elisha, "I
will not leave you." So they went on to Jericho.

-'7K "'inn-'n-iu/K D''K"'33ri-'n ^m'>^ 5
5The disciples of the prophets who were at Jer-
icho came over to Elisha and said to him, "Do

you know that the Lord will take your master
«-away from you" today?" He replied, "I know .wnri ^nvji ^Jx-na
it, too; be silent." mn^ '3 ns i^^r'AVJ in^'7K 1^7 n)3K='i6
Êlijah said to him, "Stay here, for the Lord "ni mn^-'n nnKî nj-in^n ''jnû;
has sent me on to the Jordan." "As the Lord :Dn"'Ju; i3'7''i ^nryK-QK "^pî
lives and as you live, I will not leave you," he
said, and the two of them went on. ''Fifty men
of the disciples of the prophets followed and
stood by at a distance from them as the two of
them stopped at the Jordan. ^Thereupon Elijah
took his mantle and, rolling it up, he struck the

water; it divided to the right and left, so that 'ifp-'npVK n)p ^bKp v\u''bK-bK npK
the two of them crossed over on dry land. "Âs "lr\^^ vxLJ^hK nnx'î "^^pV? ni7^K "iU3
they were crossing, Elijah said to Elisha, "Tell
-idK^th' :"'^k ^nn3 'JU^""'Q KJ
me, what can I do for you before I am taken
from you?" Elisha answered, "Let a ''double
portion-^ of your spirit pass on to me." io"You

mni "inii ^Ti^bri u^pb'ri ntprj -'fi'') n
have asked a difficult thing," he said. "If you see
me as I am being taken from you, this will be DH^ju; ]''3 n-iQ'i \uk •'P^dt û;K-33n
granted to you; if not, it will not." i lAs they kept yu7"''7Ki 12 :a"')p\i7n r^'iiJV'^ in^'7K''7vh
on walking and talking, a fiery chariot with fiery
horses suddenly appeared and separated one
from the other; and Elijah went up to heaven
in a whirlwind. 'Êlisha saw it, and he cried out,
"Oh, father, father! Israel's chariots and horse-
a-a Lit. "from your head.

"nna" ]''vum i^T-aD v. 3.
b-b Lit. "two-thirds"; cf. Zech. 13.8.
Ill
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 2.12 n n n''3'773 D-'K-'nj
men!" When he could no longer see him, he

grasped his garments and rent them in two. iD^ynp w^wb DVJi?""!
i^He picked up Elijah's mantle, which had
n'^Qj '^]IjK ^r[^hK nniK-riK hy^^^
dropped from him; and he went back and stood
on the bank of the Jordan. i^Xaking the mantle
^[b^r'^]ui<. in^'pK n"i."iK-nK 'nj?"'] i-i
which had dropped from Elijah, he struck the

water and said, "Where is the Lord, the God mn^ n^K "inK""! nîan-nK ns"! V'pyp
of Elijah?" As he too struck the water, it parted
to the right and to the left, and Elisha crossed :V\u^bK inv") mrri n^n lyn"*]
over. '^When the disciples of the prophets at Jer-

' lnn"'3—lU/K D"'K''n3n-'jn inK-iî'^
icho saw him from a distance, they exclaimed,
"The spirit of Elijah has settled on Elisha!" And

they went to meet him and bowed low before
him to the ground.
i^They said to him, "Your servants have fifty

lu/pnî KJ ^2bl b'>n-'>n ww^k D-'wnn
able men with them. Let them go and look for in5'7u;''l nin"" mn iKtf/rjs '•^•nK-nK
your master; perhaps the spirit of the Lord has nvKAH mK^jin npKn Ik uînr] ~inK3
carried him off and cast him upon some moun- -IV in-nYDî'^ :^nb\I;n i<b "ink"!
tain or into some valley." "Do not send them,"
he replied. '"But they kept pressing him for a
:inKya ^<b^ uiiî-n^jbv; i^pnî
long time, until he said, "Send them." So they
"inK"! innîi nu;'"" Kim vbK ^^\u'>^ '«
sent out fifty men, who searched for three days

:iD'7n-'7K n:2^bi<. ^n-ijpK-Kl'pn DrT'7K
but did not find him. "^They came back to him
while he was still in Jericho; and he said to them,
"I told you not to go." -mn i;\f7"'^K-'7K n^yn •u/jk nak'''! '9
HK'n \nK -iu;k3 niu h^vn ^)îw kj

'^The men of the town said to Elisha, "Look, nipkî ^0 : n^3u;n Yl^^^ '^"'Vl c^sni
the town is a pleasant place to live in, as my lord nbjp n\u in-'u/T n\i;in niriby ''b-'\r\p
can see; but the water is bad and the land causes
u^rpri KYln-'^K KyiT^' :vbK inpî
bereavement." -'^He responded, "Bring me a
new dish and put salt in it." They brought it to

Tiy D\i7?p mrTTk'p nbkrt wr^b ^tikbi
him; - 'he went to the spring and threw salt into
it. And he said, "Thus said the Lord: I heal this

nvri iv wikri *iQ~j:'i 22 :n^3u;aT niTp
water; no longer shall death and bereavement D nsT "i\f7K vu^'i^K -inia njri
come from it!" -^xhe water has remained ^rin r[bv Kim '7K-n"'3
1 ux^n bv'>_) ^-^
wholesome to this day, in accordance with the

word spoken by Elisha.
:n'^.i? ^bv nij? nbv '\b ^'^}2i<'>^ m
23From there he went up to Bethel. As he was
DU/n O^^î?"') DK"!"") T'lDK JQ'V-J
going up the road, some little boys came out
of the town and jeered at him, saying, "Go away,
baldhead! Go awav, baldhcad!" -'He turned
778
"
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 3.10 nD"'D'7)3 D^KÎJ
around and looked at them and cursed them

in the name of the Lord. Thereupon, two
she-bears came out of the woods and mangled n\p w^m '7p-i3n nn-^'x nî/^p q^pj'T 25
forty-two of the children. 25He went on from

3 : ]i~ipu;
there to Mount Carmel, and from there he re-
turned to Samaria.
*^ Jehoram son of Ahab became king of Israel

in Samaria in the eighteenth year of King Je- vpvj^n'^b ri'ipv ripp nju/n ]ln?p'U73
hoshaphat of Judah; and he reigned twelve
years. 2He did what was displeasing to the Lord,
vnKD i<b pn nin^ ""rvî Vi.rr nt^y;?"! 2
yet not like his father and mother, for he re-

ntpy -i\i7K bviri nnyn-nKhph 1)3X3^
moved the pillars of Baal that his father had
made. -^However, he clung to the sins which Jer-

unj-]^ nvn-i^ *mKunn pn? :vnK
oboam son of Nebat caused Israel to commit;

he did not depart from them.
4Now King Mesha of Moab was a sheep
breeder; and he used to pay as tribute to the king
of Israel ''a hundred thousand lambs and the nxriK nl)33 'H"'!? :"iny n'''7"'K ^b^
wool of a hundred thousand rams." ^But when
Ahab died, the king of Moab rebelled against
the king of Israel. ^So King Jehoram promptly

'7K "n'Û/"! 'q^^V : b'K-jU/T'^B-nK
set out from Samaria and mustered all Israel.
'At the same time, he sent this message to King

Jehoshaphat of Judah: "The king of Moab has r^-nnbtpb nKl?3-'7K ^r\K "^bnr} li uvjb
rebelled against me; will you come with me ^)3VD ^m3 ^1^33 'Ji)33 n'pi/K nTpK""!
to make war on Moab?" He replied, "I will go.
"lin^ri HT-'K -\)2i<hj :'q"'DlD3 \pTO3
I will do what you do: my troops shall be
: Dl"]K "l?-[)3 "q-lT "ink^T r[bV2
your troops, my horses shall be your horses."
8And he asked, "Which route shall we take?"
n')rT"k'7i n"'p^ nynu; q-i.'i. isd^t Dinx
[Jehoram] replied, "The road through the wil-
derness of Edom."
9So the king of Israel, the king of Judah, and nin"" K"!p""'3 nnx bi<.-]iu^ ^"pw '^\12i<'>^ 10
the king of Edom set out, and they marched for

seven days until they rounded [the tip of the
Dead Sea]; and there was no water left for the
army or for the animals that were with them.

io"Alas!" cried the king of Israel. "The Lord has
1 K'^n V. 3.
a-a Or "the wool of 100,000 lambs and of 100,000 rams.
779
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 3.10 1 3D"'d'7)3 D^K^nj
brought these three kings together only to de-

liver them into the hands of Moab." "But Je-
hoshaphat said, "Isn't there a prophet of the

Lord here, through whom we may inquire of
the Lord?" One of the courtiers of the king of

Israel spoke up and said, "Elisha son of Shaphat,
iniK u/T uQUÎn^ "ink''"! n ^.^^'>bi<, ly
who ''-poured water on the hands of-'' Elijah, is
here." '-"The word of the Lord is with him," ^Knu/"" "^b-n v^K My,"] mn">—ini
said lehoshaphat. So the king of Israel and Je- ui^^bti. "iTpK''"! '3 :n'iiK 'r\bri^ UQWiniT
hoshaphat and the king of Edom went down to 'bi< "^b -^b) ''V-np bt<,']ii;-> ^bp-bi<,
him. '-Êlisha said to the king of Israel, "What ^b "iWK^'i "îJaK 'K"':ir'7K"i ^"nK 'K-'nj
have you to do with me? Go to your father's
nu/'i'u;^ nin*' Kni^-ia bk bk'ip'^ "^bp
prophets or your mother's prophets." But the
::2Ki)3-i::3 nnlK nn^ n'pKn D-ip^^pn
king of Israel said, "Don't [say that], for the
nu/K nixny mn^-'n vij'^bi^ "i'3K''1 '-t
Lord has brought these three kings together

only to deliver them into the hands of Moab."
''^"As the Lord of Hosts lives, whom I serve,"
Elisha answered, "were it not that I respect King

lehoshaphat of Judah, I wouldn't look at you inini-i;' vbv 'nni i^jpn ]aj3 )iiri']
or notice you. '^Now then, get me a musician." HTn bmn ripv np-' '^y2i<. na nnKî '6
As the musician played, the hand of the Lord

nin"' ipK I nb-'D'- :D"'3a i w^^
came upon him, iând he said, "Thus said the
'^mrri uvji iKnri-K''7T h^^ ^K-in-k'?
Lord: This wadi shall be full of pools. ' ''For thus
said the Lord: You shall see no wind, you shall
see no rain, and yet the wadi shall be filled with •'^yn riKT b^_:-] '« :DDri)pn3T D3"'jp)pT
water; and you and your cattle and your pack Dn''3rTi 19 : naTS 3Ki?3-nK inji mn"'
animals shall drink. 'Ând this is but a slight
thing in the sight of the Lord, for He will also
in'ripn 'p-^ryn-'^DT ^b->Br[ nlu yv
deliver Moab into your hands. '^You shall con-
:D-'3nK3 inxpn nnlun npbnn b'^)
quer every fortified town and every splendid
city; you shall fell every good tree and stop up
-riK v~|Kn Kbrpn) diik "q-i.^n d-ikii
all wells of water; and every fertile field you shall
ruin with stones." 20And in the morning, when
it was time to present the meal offering, water
suddenly came from the direction of Edom and niin -li'n b^n ^pv^'>^ d3 Dn'7n'7
the land was covered by the water. in''3\:;='v-; :'7i3in-'7y n?3y='T n'7yaT
-'Meanwhile, all the Moabites had heard that
the kings were advancing to make war on them;

I
every man old enough to bear arms' rallied,
and they stationed themselves at the border.
b-b I.e.. perionally attended.

c-c Lit. 'from all thoie old enough to gird on a sword.
780
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 4.4 T na"'3'7?3 Q^KîJ
22Next morning, when they rose, the sun was

shining over the water, and from the distance
the water appeared to the Moabites as red as
D-'p^ân innm ninn nf wi npK'î 23
blood. 23"xhat's blood!" they said. "The kings
must have fought among themselves and killed
each other. Now to the spoil, Moab!"

24They entered the Israelite camp, and the Is-
raelites arose and attacked the Moabites, who

fled before them. ^-They advanced, constantly
attacking-*^ the Moabites, 25and they destroyed
the towns. Every man threw a stone into each
fertile field, so that it was covered over; and they

stopped up every spring and felled every fruit
k"!::'i26 :m3:'"! u^vb^n ^n'p^T nt^nn
tree. 'Ônly the walls of-'' Kir-hareseth were left,
and then the slingers surrounded it and attacked
it. 26Seeing that the battle was going against him, nnii ^b\LJ \u^k nlkn-ynu; IniK
the king of Moab led an attempt of seven hun- :^b'2i kb) niiK n'?p"'7K v'-i^nn^
dred swordsmen to break a way through to the "ij^jp^n^^K iiDnn iin-nK °ni?''i27
king of Edom;/but they failed. 27So he took his "•nî n)pnrT-'7V n^y ^^b:J'!^ T'nnn
first-born son, who was to succeed him as king, vb:jrz lyp"! b^'îu^-bv '^nri^yi?
and offered him up on the wall as a burnt
offering. A great wrath came upon Israel, so they
withdrew from him and went back to [their
own] land.
Tl a certain woman, the wife of one of the dis- D-'K-'n^rT-'n 1pm npK r^pK) I
ciples of the prophets, cried out to Elisha: "Your ^w^K fiinv "inK"? vujibK'bK ni^vy
servant my husband is dead, and you know how ^^.? nin "^"nny '3 nvT '^^^"^ ^'?
your servant revered the Lord. And now a cred-
itor is coming to seize my two children as
yu7''^K n^bK '^r2k1^ 2 -.
nnnv^ ^b n^''
slaves." 2Elisha said to her, "What can I do for
^^7 ^DV-u/^-nn lb iT^n "q^-nu/VK np
you? Tell me, what have you in the house?" She
replied, "Your maidservant has nothing at all nîin ^b'2 ^nriDu;^ \ik '^^nkv\^ n:'3ii
in the house, except a jug of oil." 3"Go," he said, -ib^'^ I'^b "i)3Kî 3 : -[mj iiipK-nK ""a
"and borrow vessels outside, from all your

neighbors, empty vessels, as many as you can. nKin4 :->u-'ynn-'7K n""!?"!. xyh"^"HIP^
4Then go in and shut the door behind you and
rij7V?l 'q^Jn-Ty:;n "^1:75 n^"in nn^Di
your children, and pour [oil] into all those ves-
:''V"'pn i^by^rx] h^kh D"'^3n"'73 bv
sels, removing each one as it is filled."
"Da" I'vum I'-mo v. 24.

e-e Lit. "Until the stones in"; meaning ofHeb. uncertain.
"
f Emendation yields "Aram.
781
NEvf iM 2 KINGS 4.5 1 2 D"'D'7n n^K-'nj
5She went away and shut the door behind her nv:;n n-ji/ii nh-hri lipni inxn 'r\bh) s
and her children. They kept bringing ( vessels) npvn K"'m r\^bi< w^vjm nn n"'J2i
to her and she kept pouring. ''When the vessels
nnN'ri"! D"''73n nk'rnp i
'n^'i >^ -.
npYln
were full, she said to her son, "Bring mc another
-inKî "jâ liy •''7K n\u->i^r[ nn-bK
vessel." He answered her, "There are no more
K'nrri -
: ])2\LJr\ 112:;;^} '>b^ niv i^k ry^K
vessels"; and the oil stopped. "She came and told
the man of God, and he said, "Go sell the oil
npn •>:ib -i)3kî D-'ri'^Kn u;"'k^ ^^ni
and pay your debt, and you and your children
can live on the rest." 3 nnl33 "nn "q-ini ^2^2:1
^'One day Elisha \nsited Shunem. A wealthy

woman lived there, and she urged him to have ^'>rT>} Dn'7-'7DKb' l2-pTnni n^nî nwK
a meal; and whenever he passed by, he would
:unb-b2i<.b HDu; ~ip^ liny ""^^^
stop there for a meal. Ônce she said to her hus-

^3 mvii ^^"^^'^ n\i;-'K-'7K nnRnv'
band, "I am sure it is a holy man ofGod who
^rbv "iny Kin wlij? wribii^ u/^k
comes this way regularly. lOLet us make a small
"-enclosed upper chamber-" and place a bed, a n|yi7 T'i7-n:''7i; Krnu/vJ'" ^f''^?^
table, a chair, and a lampstand there for him, nnljpi KpDT ]n'7u;T nun du; '\b O'lti/Ji
so that he can stop there whenever he comes "nî 1

' : n?3U; iid^ wbK iK'nn n^-nT
to us." "One day he came there; he retired to H'l'^vn-'^K "ip"^! n)3u; K'n".! Di^n
the upper chamber and lay down there. '-He lii/j ^Tnr'7K "i)pK''ii- : n)3\i;-n3u;î
said to his servant Gehazi, "Call that Shunam-
nbi/ni n^-Knpî nKTn n^r;i2wb Kii?
mite woman." He called her, and she stood be-
fore him. '-^He said to him, "Tell her, 'You have
mn wbK i<>yî2i<. ^b "upK""]'-^ :V2^b
gone to all this trouble for us. What can we do

nn'riKTri nn-inn-'73-nKîj-''7K 1
min
for you? Can we speak in your behalf to the king Ik "q^Kiri-^K ^"^^--i^n^ u/in "q^ nwvb
or to the army commander?'" She replied, "I 'DJK ^?3V "qlnn -inK'ni K^Yn ^\u-bi<
live among my own people." '•'"What then can "iDK"! nb mu/i;'? nni "inK'^'i '» :nnu7"'
be done for her?" he asked. "The fact is," said n\U^K) n'7-pK ]!1 b^K i^W^
:]i7.T
Gehazi, "she has no son, and her husband is

nnV^T n^-K-ip='i n'^-Kip nnK""! '?
old." 'S"Call her," he said. He called her, and

njn nya h-Tn i^^mb -inKî '^ : nna?
she stood in the doorway. '''And Elisha said, "At
this season next year, you will be embracing a
u;^K "'i"TK-'7K -laKni ]3 nj^nn nK tin
;"qrinDu;3 nT3n-'7K D^n'7Kn
son." She replied, "Please, my lord, man of God,
do not delude your maidserx'ant." nrn mmb ]2 I'prii n\LJKri inFiii"
'"The woman conceived and bore a son at the iVU/i'pK Ti^bK -ininu/K n^n nv^
same season the following year, as Elisha had T'nK-'7K KY""! Di'in '>r^1^ nVin bly'^^ i«
assured her. '«The child grew up. One day, he I '\^K~i i^nK-'^K iDK"") '^'
: nnYpn-'^K
went out to his father among the reapers.
rDSK-'^K inKW nyim-^K -|)3K='T 'U7K-1
'"^[Suddenly] he cried to his father, "Oh, my
head, my head!" He said to a servant, "Carry
a-a Or "upper wall-chamber"; In. "an upper chamber of wallisl"
782
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 4.32 T :in''D'7)3 D^K^nj
him to his mother." 20He picked him up and -b^ n\z;;'T 'iJ3K"':'K inK-inî inkt£7''i2o
brought him to his mother. And the child sat ''7i7ni2i :n')3^T Dnnyn-"ti7 n-'snn
on her lap until noon; and he died. -^She took
him up and laid him on the bed of the man of
'n\iîK-'7K K-jprii 22 : KYrn. invn iApriT
God, and left him and closed the door. 22Then
ny3ri-]?p thk '''7
kj niiû; n)pKJii
she called to her husband: "Please, send me one
of the servants and one of the she-asses, so I can
uz-'K-nv nynKT nlJ'riKri nnxi
hurry to the man of God and back." 23But he
said, "Why are you going to him today? It is nei-
ther new moon nor sabbath." She answered, :U'\b\u "iipKrii n^\u iib)
''-"It's all right."-''
:\rij n"iyr'7K nnK'rii priKn Vnnrii24
24She had the ass saddled, and said to her ser-
vant, "Urge [the beast] on;'see that I don't slow
D"'rT'7KrT u^"'K-'7K Kiini '^bn'y^s -.r^^b
down unless I tell you." 25She went on until she

-\ij^K nik"i3
^P'^^^ ^riî ^\^'^^
came to the man of God on Mount Carmel.
When the man of God saw her from afar, he 'TnTb'K nuK""! 1^^ nn'K a"'rT'7KrT
said to his servant Gehazi, "There is that Shu- yn nriv'6 :T'pri n^mwri mn invj
nammite woman. 26Go, hurry toward her and "^b u^b^jT\ n^n)3Ki "nnKnpV kj
ask her, 'How are you? How is your husband? nnkrii n^"^"? nl'pu/rr t|u;"'k'7 I'pu/n
How is the child?'" "We are well," she replied.
-'7K b"'rf'7Kri \u^K-bi< Knrii 27 : u^b\u
27But when she came up to the man of God
on the mountain, she clasped his feet. Gehazi
-^3 n^-nQnn n"'n'7Kri \u^k iJpKî
stepped forward to push her away; but the man
of God said, "Let her alone, for she is in bitter
distress; and the Lord has hidden it from me riK)? ]n 'nbK\LJ'r\ "i5pK'rn.28 -.ib Tan
and has not told me." 28Then she said, "Did I t'jnK nbpn Kb '^n'^ti^ i<br\ "'Jik
ask my lord for a son? Didn't I say: 'Don't mis- npi T'Jri)p "i>n 'tn^;\'7 i)3K''129
lead me'?" V^K KYpn-'s ^njyu/n
i<b '^'7"i îp
29He said to Gehazi, '^"Tie up your skirts,-''
ijjyn i<b u;^k '^D-in^-'pi îiînri
take my staff in your hand, and go. If you meet
hnK'rn. 30 nvm 'J3"'7y 'njyu/To Jipu/i
anyone, do not greet him; and if anyone greets
-DK û/Qr-'ni mn:'-'n iv^ri dk
you, do not answer him. And place my staff on
the face of the boy." 30But the boy's mother said,
"As the Lord lives and as you live, I will not -riK niiî'i Dn"'jQV -iny "'Tn;ii3i
leave you!" So he arose and followed her. I^Kl 'îi? r^") '}^^'^ '')^~^V riji;u;)3rT
31 Gehazi had gone on before them and had
J "J
iib -\r2Kb ^b-l^'>^
V- -
iriKipb
tI:
nu/^T
T-
nu;p
V T l^T
placed the staff on the boy's face; but there was

nn^lin vu/^^k k3^132 tiv^n yi7ri
no sound or response. He turned back to meet
:lnun-'7i; n3u;n nia hy^n mm
him and told him, "The boy has not awakened."
32Elisha came into the house, and there was the
b-b Heb. Shalom.

c The servant runs behind the donkey and urges it on with a slick.
d-d Lit. "Gird your loins"; cf. 1 Kings 18.46.
783
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 4.33 n n U'^'jb'n D-'K-'iJ
boy, laid out dead on his couch. ''-''He went in,
shut the door behind the two of them, and

prayed to the Lord. -^''Then he mounted [the ^^:i-bv vsDT Vry-'^y vrv^ vB-bv vb
He
bed] and placed himself over the child. put
nb^n nu/n nm vbv "iriPT vb2
his mouth on its mouth, his eyes on its eyes, and
n^n npNi mn nnx rriiiB "q^"."! nu;î 35
his hands on its hands, as he bent over it. And
yni^-iV "^V^n "iniTî vb^j -inpi bv''^.
the body of the child became warm. -^^He
stepped down, walked once up and down the ÎP""!

^^ :iTy"'nK ny^rr nps"! uîqvb
room, then mounted and bent over him. There- JT')3J\i7n"'7K K~!p "i'?^'''1 'trT'r'7K
upon, the boy sneezed seven times, and the boy •'Ku; "laK'^'i vbK Klnrri riKHp""! riK'Tn
opened his eyes. 36[Elisha] called Gehazi and innu/ni vbr^-bv "^'sn"! knrn.37 :T|jn
said, "Call the Shunammite woman," and he

called her. When she came to him, he said, "Pick
up your son." •''"She came and fell at his feet and
pK:n :lV^'r[^ nÂ^în nu; y\i7"'^Ki38
bowed low to the ground; then she picked up
her son and left.
nyj"? inK^'T v2Bb D-'nu/"' D^K^n^n "'pi
"'p'7 nnj b\u2'\ n^njn Titpn nau;

38Elisha returned to Gilgal. There was a fam- ^'^byniwri-bK iriK Kyi'i 39 : D"'K"'n^rT
ine in the land, and the disciples of the prophets *i3)3n v^b-') nnu; iqa kyd"! hiK
were sitting before him. He said to his servant,
r^bB1^ Knî nn Kb)2 niiu nVi??
"Set the large pot [on the tire] and cook a stew
^pynô :^y-tT K''7-'3 T-nn T'D'^'K
for the disciples of the prophets." ^^So one of
them went out into the fields to gather sprouts.
uz-iK n^pn nip "nnK^'i ipyy n)3rn
He came across a wild vine and picked from it
S)3K^T-»i :'7'3k'7 1^73^ i<b^ u^Tibi^ri

wild gourds, as many as his garment would
hold. Then he came back and sliced them into py njpK'^1 'T'DrT-'7K "^bp^^ nnp-inpi
the pot of stew, for they did not know [what yn -ini rj^n i<b^ ^b•2i<^^ y'p
they were]; ''Oand they served it men to
for the
eat. While they were still eating of the stew, they

began to cry out: "O man of God, there is death
\uikb Knî r[\ijbvj bv^-n Kii \:^''ki -i^
in the pot!"^ And they could not eat it. 'ii"Fetch

nn5?"D"'~)t^y bnian an'? ^n'?Nn
some flour," [Elisha] said. He threw it into the
ny^p ]n nnKî ij'î?^? '^??"!?1 anytf;
pot and said, "Serve it to the people and let them
eat." And there was no longer anything harmful
in the pot.
4'A man came from Baal-shalishah and he

brought the man of God some bread of the first
reaping — twenty loaves of barley bread, and
some fresh grain /in his sack./ And [Elisha]
e The wild gourds cause severe cramps. -nonn- ]''Vom i-mô

f-f Or "on the stalk"; perhaps connected with Ugaritic bsqi.
784
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 5.8 n nn^'^'^D n^K^nj
said, "Give it to the people and let them eat." ]r\K nn iniu/w n)pKh43 :i'7pK"''i
43His attendant replied, "How can I set this be- hvb ]n njpKî u/^k nxp '>2^b nt
fore a hundred men?" But he said, "Give it to
nnlni b':^K mrr' npK nb •'a ^b'2i<''^
the people and let them eat. For thus said the
-iniB nni^T i^sk""! dh-'jq^ ]]^''144
Lord: They shall eat and have some left over."
a : mn''
44So he set it before them; and when they
had eaten, they had some left over, as the Lord
had said.
w/ Naaman, commander
king of Aram, was important to his lord and
of the army of the
ln-''3 n-iJEj Ktz;ji vpi<. '>)^b "711^ Vîk

n
high in his favor, for through him the Lord had n^n uiKb nvwn
\u'>k'ri) mn^'inj
granted victory to Aram. But the man, though
Dnnii iKY^ b"iK12 :y-iY?3 '7-'n -lina
a great warrior, was a leper." Ônce, when the
"nriT njup nni^j bi<>'W'> ynK)? ^\u''^
Arameans were out raiding, they carried off a
young girl from the land of Israel, and she be-

nrinnr '7K njpKiTi 3 : ]m2 nu/K \z^b
came an attendant to Naaman's wife. ^She said ]l"ip'u;3 i\LJi<^ K-iniri •'jq^ •'hx 'j7nK
to her mistress, "I wish Master could come be-
fore the prophet in Samaria; he would cure him nniii hKTDi nKT3 'i)2i<b vpKb
of his leprosy." 4[Naaman] went and told his "iDK'i5 :'7K-iu;^ Yl^'Q "^^^ Hli'^ri
lord just what the girl from the land of Israel
-bK "iQp nnî^Ki K'n-q^ biK-q^n
had said. SAnd the king of Aram said, "Go to
b^'yiij'! 'r\br2
the king of Israel, and I will send along a letter."
n\ijp'\ qoi-naa 'îuv in^n nj?^! ^b"}^
He set out, taking with him ten talents of
silver, six thousand shekels of gold, and ten

changes of clothing. ^He brought the letter to nriVT "I'lpx'? bKiiu^ "^^l?'^^ "i?>în
It read: "Now, when this letter

the king of Israel. ''r\nb\u nin ^'pK h-rn "iddh Klia
reaches you, know that I have sent my courtier :inV"!i^P iJ^spKi "''inv i^pyrriK ^'^'^k
Naaman to you, that you may cure him of his iDoriTiK '7K"jU7^-q'7p Vip3 ^f^';^7
leprosy." ^When the king of Israel read the let-
jT'nrT^ ^""JK "nVKH n^K='"! viy:^ ynp""!
ter, he rent his clothes and cried, "Am I God,
]ij^K q'pK^ •'^K n'7'u; nT-'3 ni^nnî
to deal death or give life, that this fellow writes
njKn>3-'3 ik-iT Kriy-i-^K '3 invii^^P
to me to cure a man of leprosy? Just see for your-
selves that he is seeking a pretext against me!" :^b K^^\
sWhen Elisha, the man of God, heard that the n''n'7Kri-u;^K vvJ'^bK \ y")3U/3 'h-'ts
king of Israel had rent his clothes, he sent a mes-

sage to the king: "Why have you rent your
clothes? Let him come to me, and he will learn
yTi
: '7K-It:;"'3 K^nJ VJi "'3 ''^k KJ-K3"'
that there is a prophet in Israel."
a Cf. note on Lev. 13.3.
785
NFvi'iM 2 KINGS 5.9 n nD''3'7)3 D^K^J
^So Naaman came with his horses and char- iwy"! inpnni pdidii ididh jni^j K'nî 9
iots and halted at the door of EHsha's house.

'OEHsha sent a messenger to say to him, "Go and -ynu; nyniT Tii'7n i)3K'7 "q^'^n i'V^"''^^
bathe seven times in the Jordan, and your flesh
shall be restored and you shall be clean." I'But

Naaman was angered and walked away. "I
-nWS K-Ji?') hnV") Klyi KYI ^'7K
come out
I
thought," he said, "he would surely

to me, and would stand and invoke the Lord Dlp)3n-'7K ii^ iTipni vribi<s mn^
his God by name, and would wave his hand to- ninK mnK nlu Kbri n :y-iY)3n trjpKi
ward the spot, and cure the affected part. i-Are bK'ip'' ii2'>-n '7373 pU7)ai ^"110^ "i31?T
not the Amanah and the Pharpar, the rivers of
Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel?

:n)pn3
I could bathe in them and be clean!" And he
stalked off in a rage.
'-^But his servants came forward and spoke

to him. "Sir,"'' they said, "if the prophet told you
to do something difficult, would you not do it? \z;''i< nni3 umv^ v^yj jî:-? '7'3U''i
How much more when he has only said to you, j'uj? iv; "iwns iitpn ^^jl^ n^ribKn
'Bathe and be clean.'" i^So he went down and
immersed himself in the Jordan seven times, as
iDK'^l "v^^b iTpy""! K'nî inJnn-'7DT
the man of God had bidden; and his flesh be-
-733 u'>r\bK yK ""a ''niJ'ii ^^^^'^
came like a little boy's, and he was clean. '5Re-
Krnp nnvT '7K-jt^^n-DK ""s
n^"?
turning with his entire retinue to theman of
God, he stood before him and exclaimed, "Now
Iknow that there is no God in the whole world i:n-iyQ''T npK-DK V2^b •'rTT)3vnu7K
except in Israel! So please accept a gift from your Krjri^ K'i7y'])pyf-i5pK='T 17 : ]i<>l2'>^ nnpb
servant." i^But he replied, "As the Lord lives, i) nipiK DnnQ-TjpY Kt£7?p ^nnv'7
whom I serve, I will not accept anything." He h:?TT nbv "^^nv liy nu;y:'-Ki'7
pressed him to accept, but he refused. iÂnd
-]îb iH :mn"''7-nK "^2 nnnx dtI'^k'?
Naaman said, "Then at least let your servant be
'piK Kinn ^pv'^ mn^ n'pp"' nrn
given two mule-loads of earth; for your servant
I Kim HDu; ninnu/n"? ']ln-i-n"'n
will never again offer up burnt offering or
n''3 ''n-'inriu/ni '^"'^v ]}^P^
sacrifice to any god, except the Lord. i**But may i^n^^
the Lord pardon your servant for this: When mn"" *Krn'7p"' pi rr'n ^Ti^^'irinu^nn
my master enters the temple of Rimmon to bow Ti'7 ^b -iDK""! ly :n\n inîn "î^vb
low in worship there, and he is leaning on my
arm so that I must bow low in the temple of
Rimmon — when I bow low in the temple of
Rimmon, may the Lord pardon your servant
in this." 'Ând he said to him, "Go in peace."
b Lit. 'iMyl father." Knp k'71 3TI3 V. 18.
786
"
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 6.2 n D"'Db'>3 D-'X'-nj
When he had gone some distance from him,

20Gehazi, the attendant of Ehsha the man of I mn b^rt^Kn-u/^K ]^\u^bK '"lyj 'tn"'a
God, thought: "My master '-has let that Ara-
nnp.jp ntn '"ijaiKn invrriK 'jik "qu/n
mean Naaman off without accepting what he
-K-^3 nin^-'n K^nrmu/K riK li^n
brought!"^ As the Lord lives, I will run after him
:n?p^Kjp lnK)3 ^nr\pb^ inriK 'nyn
and get something from him." 21S0 Gehazi hur-
ried after Naaman. When Naaman saw some- ))2V) nK")""! ])pyj niiK •'Tn"'A q'ii''"!2i
one running after him, he alighted from his inKHp^ nn3"!)3ri bvT2 '75^1 innx yn
chariot to meet him and said, "Is all well?" --"All "''jiK n'\b]ij I "i)pK'='"!22 :ai'pu7n ink"!
is he replied. "My master has sent me to
well,"
say:Two youths, disciples of the prophets, have

just come to me from the hill countr)' of
niQ^n 'inu/T c^ds—153 urjb Krmri
Ephraim. Please give them a talent of silver and
Dn33 np_ bK^r^ i^yj i)pk''i-3 :DnA3
two changes of clothing." --''Naaman said,
Dûnn -iju/n c]p3 nn.33°"iyî lii-pQ"!
"Please take two talents." He urged him, and
he wrapped the two talents of silver in two inyj ^Ju;-'7X 'iri"! nnjin nl3'7n ^^r\m
bags and gave them, along with two changes of nj?^! ^syn-'^K kn^v^ -^î^^^ ^>^^'l
clothes, to two of his servânts, who carried them ni\i;3Kri-nK n'j'U/î n^nn npD"! wvri
ahead of him. --^When [Gehazi] arrived at the
citadel, he took [the things] from them and de-

vbK "inK'"! T'J1K-'7K T'^DVI'l K3-K^m 25
posited them in the house. Then he dismissed
the men and they went their way.
^jib'iib vbi<. n)3k='T 26 : hjki hjk ^^ny
25He entered and stood before his master; and
Elisha said to him, "Where have you been,
Gehazi?" He replied, "Your servant has not gone rinpî c]D3n-nK nnp.^ ni;n "^nxni?^
anywhere." 26Then [Elisha] said to him, "Did "ij^nT iKYi b-'jpnpT UTi^n nnA3
not my spirit^ go along when a man got down
from his chariot to meet you? Is this a time to
take money in order to buy clothing and olive

D :A'7W3
groves and vineyards, sheep and oxen, and male
and female slaves? 27Surely, the leprosy of
Naaman shall cling to you and to your descen-
dants forever." And as [Gehazi] left his pres-
ence, he was snow-white with leprosy.
\J The disciples of the prophets said to Elisha, yu7"'^K-'7K n"'K"'33n-'j3 njpkî ^

"See, the place where we live under your direc-
tion is too cramped for us. 2Let us go to the Jor-
dan, and let us each get a log there and build
^j'7-nt^yjT niiK nilp ]iJ^KU\ur: nnpji
c-c Lit. "has prevented that Aramean Naaman from having what
he brought accepted.
d Lit. "heart."
787
Ntvi'iM 2 KINGS 6.2 n 'd'?^ wn-'îi
quarters there for ourselves to live in." "Do so,"

he replied. -^Then one of them said, "Will you •^•'invnK '^'71 KJ '7Kln iriKn "inK''i -^
please come along with your servants?" "Yes, I

IKri^l UnK 'q'7''.14
:"l'7K ""JK "inK"!
will come," he said; •'and he accompanied them.
So they went to the Jordan and cut timber. "-As
n'')3n-'7K "73^ "^nnn-riKi niipn "^^bd
one of them was felling a trunk, the iron ax head
And he cried aloud, "Alas,
:bM<:\u K^r^^ ""Jik nnx "iipK''"! pv^""!
fell into the water.
master, it was a borrowed one!" ^" Where did
it fall?" asked the man of God. He showed him r{rp]b-^b\i)i_) Yvn^pî nlpnn-riK
the spot; and he cut off a stick and threw it in, nbvj'''] TiJ? D-in "inx""!' :'7niin riy"-)
and he made the ax head float. ^"Pick it up,"
he said; so he reached out and took it.
yV)"'] bK'-w-'ii nnb2 nM nnK Ti'ppT s
awhile the king of Aram was waging war

•'in'pK ''pB nipp-'7K nnK'7 T'-T3i7"'7K
against Israel, he took counsel with his officers
and said, " "I will encamp" in such and such

a place." "^But the man of God sent word to the ni.ri mp?3rT inyp nnii^n idn"? '7k-iu;-'
king of Israel, "Take care not to pass through 'q'?^ nbpi)ô -.wnm nnK uuj'^3
that place, for the Arameans are encamped -\LJ''K l^""i5?K -iU7K nlpKjn-'^K bk'W'',
there." 'OSo the king of Israel sent word to the
u\LJ "i)?u/J"i n^nTm ni^nrm n"'n'7Kn
place of which the man of God had told him.
n/* "ly^"! " -^"^^P ^^'?'! nn^ i<b
''-Time and again'' he alerted 'such a placeând
-bi<. f<~!p^'i ri^T} "in'in-'^v nii<-"i'7n
took precautions there, 'Greatly agitated about
i
this matter, the king of Aram summoned his

•p p ni^n ifi'h'ri unpK nipK''"! v^ni;
officers and said to them, "Tell me! Who of us ipK Hkjk''"! '2 : b'K'iv;"' "pr^-bK '\:bpy2
is on the side of the king of Israel?" '2"No one, v\u^bK-'^j) "nîan '>pK K^b vinvn
my lord king," said one of the officers. "Elisha,
that prophet in Israel, tells the king of Israel the : "^nsii/n "linn "inin •^\ui<. DnnirrnK
very words you speak in your bedroom." '-''"Go
n'û/KT Kin nb^K ik-it id"? inkî '-^
find out where he is," he said, "so that can have I

:]n'nn mn 'i'nKb i^'ipt innpNi
him seized." It was reported to him that [Elisha]
122 "îini 22^^^ u'>X)^v njau^-nîf/""! '•
was in Dothan; '"^so he sent horses and chariots
:T'j7n-'7y iDpi'i n'p^^ iK'nî
there and a strong force. They arrived at night
and encircled the town. "mpb '~'n"'n'7Kn \uî<s nnu/n oa^f/^f's
'-''When the attendant of the man of God rose D1DT "i^yn-nK nniD '7-'n-n3m ky"!
early and went outside, he saw a force, with r[2^K ^j'lK nnx vbi<, nyj ir2i<^] 221)
horses and chariots, surrounding the town. '>2 K"T>n"'7K "inKÎ "- nWVJ
~IU;K D^n"! :
"Alas, master, what shall we do?" his servant
asked him. '^"Have no fear," he replied. "There
fl-u Meaning of Heb. uncertain,

b-b Lit. 'not once or twice.
c-c Heb. "it."
788
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 6.28 nn"'D'7)3 D->Kiij
are more on our side than on theirs." '''Then W"'^K bb^n^^j^ :DriiK nu/Kp ijriK
Ehsha prayed: "Lord, open his eyes and let him HK"!''! pry-riK KrnpQ nin^ "i)pk='t
see." And the Lord opened the servant's eyes

nim Kiî "ivln ^rvriK h)r[-> npa^'T
and he saw the hills all around Elisha covered
nn-'np u/k nDni a-ipiD kû nnn
with horses and chariots of fire. i8[The Arame-
yvJ^^K 'rÊjrT'i V^K nn;'! 18 :i7u;^^K
ans] came down against him, and Elisha prayed
Lord: "Please people with a
nir.ri-^l:\n-nK Kr'qn nipkî hin^-b^K
to the strike this
blinding light." And He struck them with a
blinding light, as Elisha had asked. "ni^.n HT k^ VU/^'pK Dn'7K "I)3K"='1 19
iÊlisha said to them, "This is not the road,

and that is not the town; follow me, and I will
DniK nu/K vj'>Kr[-bK
"qy""! ]iU7i?nn
lead you to the man you want." And he led them
nipk'jl "p-ipu; DKna ''"rr"'"! 2° : mlnTp'u;
to Samaria. 20When they entered Samaria, Eli-
sha said, "O Lord, open the eyes of these men

so that they may see." The Lord opened their
mm iK"iî nmry-riK nin;" npQî
eyes and they saw that they were inside Samaria.

2iWhen the king of Israel saw them, he said to : n3K nsKn nnlK in'K-is ^^^^bK
'nK
Elisha, "Father, shall I strike them down?" j]:n"in3 rrinu; nu/Kn nan Kb hukn 22
22"No, do not," he replied. "Did you take them wiQ) an/' 'uw nap nnx ^nu/pni
captive with your sword and bow that you nryjo^
-'7K iD^î inu;""! \b:2i<^^
would strike them down? Rather, set food and
n^lm nn? nrib nJD''i23 :nn-'™
drink before them, and
and return
let them
to their master." 23So he prepared
eat and drink
-bK ^'2b''^ unb^j'>} mm \b2i<'>^
a lavish feast for them and, after they had eaten

Kin^ nnx nim hiy iQpyk'pi nn-'iiK
and drunk, he let them go, and they returned

to their master. And the Aramean bands
stopped invading the land of Israel. "q^)3 Tin-]3 yap^'i ]?"nnK '^n:'}24
-bv ny=ji byh imnn-'â-nK d"ik

2'iSometime later. King Ben-hadad of Aram
mni ilnjp'uâ ^bM^ nyn v"-! 25 : ]i-i)p'u7
mustered his entire army and marched upon Sa-
hl)3n-\:7Kn nvri iv ri^bv any
maria and besieged it. 25There was a great fam-
D^jT-nn ni^n ynhT C|p3 D-'Jbu/a
ine in Samaria, and the siege continued until a
donkey's head sold for eighty [shekels] of silver

T|^p 'n"'i26 : qpp-mi^jpna n^JviT
and a quarter of a /cafo of 'Moves' dung-'^for five npyy nti^KT npnn-'7y nnV ^Knu/^
shekels. 260nce, when the king of Israel was : ^"753^1 'JiK ny-iii/in ijbx'? v^k
walking on the city wall, a woman cried out to Tiy-iuJiK ];'K)3 nln^ ii;î"'''î5 "i^p^'^T 27
him: "Help me. Your Majesty!" 27"Don't [ask
n'7-'-i)pK'''! 28 :ni7,'jn-]?3 IK n^n-pn
me] ," he replied. "Let the Lord help you! Where
could I get help for you, from the threshing floor
or from the winepress? 28But what troubles
d-d Apparently a popular term for "carob pods, " as in Akkadian.
789
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 6.28 nD"'3'7)3 D-'N-'nj
you?" the king asked her. The woman answered, riKTH nii^KH "DpKrri "^^rrn ^"pjan
"That woman said to me, 'Give up your son and
we will eat him today; and tomorrow we'll eat
-riK "^wnavy nnn hpKi ""Jîtikt
my son.' -'^So we cooked my son and we ate him.
nriKH Di^'ii ri'i'^N laKT in^^pKin. •'jn
The next day I said to her, 'Give up your son
-riK K^nni i:i^3kjt ^"^jstik •'jn
and let's eat him'; but she hid her son." 30When
the king heard what the woman said, he rent
nm-riK '^bi2ri y'nu/D '^n->'\io :nn
his clothes; and as he walked along the wall, the -b)j inV Kim inAii-riK yip"! nii/Kn
people could see that he was wearing sackcloth 1-iu;n-'7V pti/n mrn nyn k-i^t nann
underneath.
3iHe said, "Thus and more may God do to ^vv nbi n-^ribK ""^-nti/vrna "i)pK='"! 31
me if the head of Elisha son of Shaphat remains

on ''-his shoulders'" today." 32Now Elisha was
D-'jpTrT) irrins nu/'"' Vu/"'^ki32 :n'i-in
sitting at home and the elders were sitting with
him. The king had sent ahead one of his men;

but before the messenger arrived, [Elisha] said -'7K "i)3K I
Kini v^K '^kbr^ri kn^
to the elders, "Do you see — that murderer has n2^-!DrT-]:n nbw"':^ *Dri^K^rT D^jprn
sent someone to cut off my head! Watch when Kn3 I iK-i 'u/Kh-riK "i^pn'? n-Tn
the messenger comes, and shut the door and lnK DriYn'^T ri'p'nrT nip "qK^ân
hold the door fast against him. No doubt the :innK vjiK ^br] b^p i<i^b7\ nb-h;^
sound of
33While he was
his master's footsteps will follow."
still talking to them, the

ly 'î<^b)3'r[ mm uipv 1^112 \np a
nin^ riKQ ri^Jiri nkT-mn iTpK'î vbi<.
messenger.' came to him and said, "This calam-
"iDX"! D :mi; mn")^ '7"'niK-np
7ity is from the Lord. What more can I hope
1
^
for from the Lord?" 'And Elisha replied, "ipK I na mn^nni ivpu/ y^"''?i< I
"Hear the word of the Lord. Thus said the '7pii73 n^p-nKp nn)p 1 nv2 m^n-"
Lord: This time tomorrow, a seah of choice :]i-in'U7 "iyu/:n

^\^W^ nnVty D^nxpi
flour shall sell for a shekel at the gate of Samaria,
1m-'7i7 ]i;py^b)2b-^\LJK \u^bwr[ iviv
and two seahs of barley for a shekel." 2The aide
nin^ mn hTpK""! b"'rf'7Kn u/^ktik
on whose arm the king was leaning spoke up
man
mn -in"irT mrT:'n a^'nii^n hinîK nWv
and said to the of God, "Even if the Lord
iib ufm "^"'J"'i;:? hk'-i *nDjn "inKî
were to make windows in the sky, could this
come to pass?" And he retorted, "You shall D : b2i<n

see it with your own eyes, but you shall not
eat of it." nriQ n^vi'Y>3 vn dû/jk nyinKT
ijnjK nn iny"i.-'7K \uî<. i-idk""! "iwn
^There were four men, lepers, outside the
Klnj 'inipK-DK -1 :ijri)p-iv n"3 d-'û;'-'
gate. They said to one another, "Why should
-DK1 uvj ^^n^2^ H"'V2 nvim -i"'vn
we sit here waiting for death? 'If we decide to
go into the town, what with the famine in the nvnyi ^•^ v. 32.
n TTC ». 2.
e-e Lit. "him."

'
f Emendation yields 'king.
790
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 7.13 nn"'3'7D n^K^nj
town, we shall die there; and if we just sit here,

still we die. Come, let us desert to the Aramean
camp. If they let us live, we shall live; and if they
put us to death, we shall but die."
5They out at twilight for the Aramean
set
camp; but when they came to the edge of the

-yK mm Dnx mnn nypnv wnî
Aramean camp, there was no one there. ^For

mnp-riK i y^'pu/n •'jikt^ :\uik uvj
the Lord had caused the Aramean camp to hear b']!} b-^n h^p DID b'\p n3i b^\? d^k
a sound of chariots, a sound of horses —the din "ir'^y—i3tz7 mn T'nK"'7K U7"'k nipK""!
of a huge army. They said to one another, "The -riKT n"'nnn 'p^jp-riK bk'w->, "^bri
king of Israel must have hired the kings of the

Hittites and the kings of Mizraim" to attack us!"
-nK") n"''7nK-nK inrv!!! ^^n to^jî
TAnd they fled headlong in the twilight, aban-
-"iu;k3 mn)2n aminn-nKi bn^'pip
doning their tents and horses and asses —the
[entire] camp just as it was — as they fled for
their lives.
sWhen those lepers came to the edge of the
camp, they went into one of the tents and ate DnpT nnn c^db nii^jp mp") m\u'>^
and drank; then they carried off silver and gold "iriK '^n'K-b'K ^xnî ^npî iJpu:ii id^:ii
and clothing from there and buried it. They uz-'K nnx"! 9 ; ijpD"'! ^d"?^! Q\i7)p ^K\u''^
came back and went into another tent, and they
uvri u^vj'v iJnjK i ]':i'i<b ^n<J^-bK
carried off what was there and buried it. ^Then
ni\ijn)2 ^jmKT Kin nnti/n-al"' n-rn
they said to one another, "We are not doing
right. This is a day of good news, and we are

nnyi ]^^v ^jkydt "li^'nn "ilx-iy irani
keeping silent! If we wait until the light of morn- iK'n^l 10 :^^J2rT n\5 htaji nK'nii ^2b
ing, we shall incur guilt. Come, let us go and
inform the king's palace." lojhey went and u/^K D\f7-]"'K mni DHK njnn-'^K ijk2
called out to the gatekeepers of the city and told Tinnm iidk didh-dk -"S niK ^71171
them, "We have been to the Aramean camp.

:n)3ri—IU7K3 n^'priKi nDK
There is not a soul there, nor any human sound;
but the horses are tethered and the asses are
tethered and the tents are undisturbed."
iiThe gatekeepers called out, and the news iU7y-"iU7K riK u^b KrHn^^K T'ini;-'7K
was passed on into the king's palace. i^The king IKY"! ijnJK D^ny"i-^3 ivt nnK ^2b
rose in the night and said to his courtiers, "I will hit^n mu;nn nnnn^ njriKjri-])?
tell you what the Arameans have done to us. "n DU73riJi T'vrT-]?p ik2^:'"'3 nnx'?
They know that we are starving, so they have
innyn TnK']y='ii3 :Knj -i-'yri-'?^")
gone out of camp and hidden in the fields,
thinking: When they come out of the town, we

will take them alive and get into the town." i^But
a Cf. 1 Kings 10.28 and note g there.
791
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 7.13 n U'>2br2 •'K''3J
one of the courtiers spoke up, "Let a few'' of the
remaining horses that are still here be taken -733 Din "nn-nKU/j ")\z;k 'nnKî/^n
i^^they are like those that are left here of the whole
multitude of Israel, out of the whole multitude
of Israel that have perished-c —and let us send
and find out."

q^Kjn nû/""! u'>v^v nan \2p inj?"! h
'•*They took two teams' of horses and the king
sent them after the Aramean army, saying, "Go :1K"1T ^2b iWK'? niK-mri)? nriK
and find out." isjhey followed them as far as -73 mm "]i-i''n-TV brmriK i3'7''ii5
the Jordan, and found the entire road full of

--
i\z;k ''73T bnn riif.b'n "^lin
clothing and gear which the Arameans had inu/^T ajann arannn dhk ^:2''b\uu
thrown away in their haste; and the messengers
returned and told the king. '^The people then
nbu-nKp 'Hî DnK mnn riK ^nî
went out and plundered the Aramean camp. So
"in-r3 bîû/n w^vvj n^nKDi b\?,\u:i
a seah of choice flour sold for a shekel, and two
seahs of barley for a shekel — as the Lord had
spoken.
'''Now the king had put the aide on whose
arm he leaned in charge of the gate; and he was
trampled to death in the gate by the people "mii^ :T''p>< ^'??3n nnns lii -iu;k
just as the man
God had spoken, as he had
of
iUK"? T|'7)3n-'7K D^rT'7Kn ]IJ^K ^313
spoken when the king came down to him. ispor
n'7b-nKDi "îû^n nnVu/ Q'-nKp
when the man of God said to the king, "This
time tomorrow two seahs of barley shall sell at
:]i~i)p'\:7 -iy\^3 nnip nvs n^n^ b\p%j:i
the gate of Samaria for a shekel, and a seah of 'hnk='fD"'n'7Kn U7"'K-nK \ij^bwr[ ]^h '^
choice flour for a shekel," i^the aide answered mn"'n n-'bws nl3n><; nu/'v nin"" mn")
the man of God and said, "Even if the Lord
made windows in the sky, could this come to ibn")'"! ]3 i'7-'n"''! -" :'^?kn k"? nwm
pass?"And he retorted, "You shall see it with D inb^T ny\:73 nyn iriK
your own eyes, but you shall not eat of it." 20That
is exactly what happened to him: The people
trampled him to death in the gate.
O isha
Elis had said to the woman whose son -nu7K nwKn-'?!; -i3t yw"''7KT I I
he revived, "Leave immediately with your fam- ^riK '3'7T '>mp nbK'7 mn-riK n^nn
ily and go sojourn "somewhere else;" for the
m:n ^rr'ni fin
K"ii7-'3 '>'^nn -iu;k3
Lord has decreed a seven-year famine upon the
yni^ y"iKrT-'7K k3-dai ny-i^ nin^
land, and it has already begun." -The woman
b Lil. "five."
a-a Lit. "wherever you may sojourn.
792
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 8.12 nD"'3'7?3 Q^K^J
had done as the man of God had spoken; she \u^K nni3 ti/yni n\LiKr[ Di7ni2 -.wm
left with her family and sojourned in the land -pK!? -i).ni nn^nT k^n r\bn) "'rT'7Kri
of the Philistines for seven years. Ât the end of
the seven years, the woman returned from the
intp'pQ y-iKp nx^Kn nu/rii u^'iui
land of the Philistines and went to the king to
complain about her house and farm. ^Now the
king was talking to Gehazi, the servant of the
-^73 riK i^rrT}$:D i)3K^ D"'rt'7Kn
man of God, and he said, "Tell me all the won- '>b
derful things that Elisha has done." swhile he Kin 'H^'f -'
:
^W""^^ nti7y"iU7K ni^n^ri
was telling the king how [Elisha] had revived ri)2rT-nK n"'nri-i\yK nx ^b'ja'? nEDpp
a dead person, in came the woman whose son
ni7i;'y nn-riK n^nrini^K niFKn nirri
he had revived, complaining to the king about
-upK';!"! niiLJ-bv'] nn^:2.-bv "^br^ri-bK
her house and farm. "My lord king," said
nj3-nn n\i^Ki7 îkt "^br^n ^pK îm
Gehazi, "this is the woman and this is her son
"^bi^ri bK]LJ'<}(' :yu7''^>(; n''nri-"iU7K
whom Elisha revived." ^The king questioned
the woman, and she told him [the story] so the ;

DnD°T|^)3ri n'7-iri''i i^—iQprri n\z^K^
king assigned a eunuch to her and instructed

him: "Restore all her property, and all the rev- -riK nnii; nvu nitz^n n'Kinri-'73
enue from her farm from the time she left the
country until now."
Êlisha arrived in Damascus at a time when

King Ben-hadad of Aram was ill. ''-The king''
np. '7KnTn-'7K "^bTQri '^)2i<^^J :n|ri-iy
was told, "The man of God is on his way here,"
Sand he said to Hazael, "Take a gift with you D"'n'7Kri U7"'K riKHp"? -^b) nmp ^^^Tn
and go meet the man of God, and through him n;^nKri -irzKb inlKp mn:'-nK npTO
inquire of the Lord: Will I recover from this np'i inK-jp"? ^^7X111 "q^î 9 : HT -'bn'n
illness?" ^Hazael went to meet him, taking with K\i7)3 p\um mu-'73T iTn nm?3
him as a gift forty camel-loads of all the bounty
nnk^l vii^b I'jpyî k'nî bp^ "'ynnK
of Damascus. He came and stood before him
^'^'pK ^2nbvj h-]K-^b'D Tirr-]n ^"^n
and said, "Your son. King Ben-hadad of Aram,
has sent me to you to ask: Will I recover from
vbK "IDK'Î 10 : HT ''bm n^flKH iWK^
this illness?" lOElisha said to him, "Go and say n^nri ri->n '\b K'7n)pK "^b v\b^bi<.
to him, 'You will recover.' However, the Lord

has revealed to me that he will die." i
'The man
of God f-kept his face expressionless' for a long 'piK y™ "7x111 nnK'^Ti2 :nirf'7Kn
time; and then he wept. '2" why does my lord nu/ynnu/K nx 'rivir''? ""?^'l "^P^
weep?" asked Hazael. "Because I know," he re-
nb]un DnnYnjp nyn bk'ip-' -^hb
plied, "what harm you will do to the Israelite
people: you will set their fortresses on fire, put

nrT''7'7'i;T nnn mnn bnnnm wk3
b-h Brought up from v. 8 for clarity,

793
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 8.12 n 2. W>2bT2 D-'Knj
their young men to the sword, dash their little
ones in pieces, and rip open their pregnant

women." '-^"But how," asked Hazael, "can your "jK-in yu7"''7K "iJpK'""! nTn "^nîn -in-rn
servant, who is a mere dog, perform such a
riKn I
Ti^î 14 : DnK-"?:; -]b-n -^nK mn^
mighty deed?" Elisha replied, "The Lord has
shown me a vision of you as king of Aram." ' **He
ri'^n ''b "i^k "DOKh. v\LJibi<^ "^b -idk
left Elisha and returned to his master, who asked
him, "What did Elisha say to you?" He replied, h^Djpn npj>'\ rinn)3)p 'rr'Tis :n:;nn
"He told me that you would recover." '5The ?jb')p''i h)2i) T'JE)"'7V t^^'l?"! D'-jan Vnu""!
next day, [Hazael] took ''a piece of netting,-'^
dipped it in water, and spread it over his face.

So [Ben-hadad] died, and Hazael succeeded
^^p bKn>;-]n w^vb ]ui^n nju/ni i^
him as king.
'u;''7U;-]3 î^p UDu;in^-]n

17 :'r['r\r\'>
ifÎn the fifth year of King Joram'' son of
Ahab of Israel — Jehoshaphat had been king of nw m'nu/i "^^^^"^ !^"!^^ ^^^^ wrwu^
ludah — loram son of King lehoshaphat of lu-
dah became king. '"He was thirty- two years old 13 iKHK n"'3 lu/y ~iU7K3 bk-w-> >2b'i2
salem eight years. '^He followed the practices TT'nu/nyn'inT niiK-k'pi >9 rmn-" 'ryn
of the kings of Israel —whatever the House of -~i)3K "IU7K3 mv "i}."i w'nb nn^n-i-riK
Ahab did, for he had married a daughter*' of
Ahab — and he did what was displeasing to the
Lord. '"^However, the Lord refrained from de-

stroying Judah, for the sake of His servant Da-
vid, in accordance with His promise to maintain aj? Kifi-'n"'} 1)3V n3"irT-'7DT ni^'V^
a lamp for his descendants for all time. -^During
his reign, the Edomites rebelled against Judah's

rule and set up a king of their own. -'Joram
HTn uvr\ iv niin-i-T nnnn niiK
crossed over to Zair with all his chariotry. 'He
arose by night and attacked the Edomites, who
were surrounding him and the chariot com-
-KiVn nwy -i\z;k-'73T div nni -irrjT ^-^
Dijp^n nn"! "iQp-'7y D-'fnnD nn

manders; but' his troops fled to their homes.
22Thus Edom fell away from ludah, as is still the
case. Libnah likewise fell away at that time. Tj^Ta""! m.T T'yn rnnK-ny inj?''')
23The other events of Joram's reign, and all
his actions, are recorded in the Annals of the

Kings of Judah. 24joram slept with his fathers
and was buried with his fathers in the City of
David; his son Ahaziah succeeded him as king.
d Throt4ghotil this chapter, the name loram is iometimes written

lehoram.
e Emendation yields "sister"; cf. v. 26.
794
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 9.6 u 1 D''3'7?3 D''K''nj
25In the twelfth year of King Joram son of -jn n'^vb mu; u-^pv-u^nv) nw:i 25
Ahab of Israel, Ahaziah son of Joram became
king of Judah. -Âhaziah was twenty-two years
old when he became king, and he reigned in
"^bip nriK n:\u) I3^)pn innriK mu;
Jerusalem one year; his mother's name was
Athaliah daughter of King Omri of Israel. 27He
walked in the ways of the House of Ahab and
did what was displeasing to the Lord, like the
"3 nKHK rfna nin^ ^pv:i y"in u/yiT
House of Ahab, for he was related by marriage
to the House of Ahab. -^He marched with Joram -^bT2 '^Knm-nv njpn'p??'? nkriK-jn
son of Ahab to battle against King Hazael of : anvTiK "'KjnK ^:^'>^ ivb:^ nnns dhk
Aram at Ramoth-gilead, but the Arameans '7Ki7-)rn xQirirT^ ii^)3n wiv nu;î 29
wounded Joram. 29King Joram retired to Jezreel
n)p"i3 b''Kn.K ina;' nu/K a-'3)3n-]>3
to recover from the wounds which the Arame-
^nÎDKi Q"]K "^bri b'xnTn-riK inn'^nn
ans had inflicted upon him at Ramah, when he
fought against King Hazael of Aram. And King n^k'^b it niin"" ii'pp D"i1n:'-]n
Ahaziah son of Joram of Judah went down n'7n-'3 '7Kj;-)T"'ii nxriK-jn nl-'-nK
to Jezreel to visit Joram son of Ahab while 2 :K^n
he was ill.
^ Then the prophet Elisha summoned one of

the disciples of the prophets and said to him, ^3 npf ^'jrija "iin \b njpK'î D-'K-'n^n
"Tie up your skirts," and take along this flask
nK3T nbn -^^
2 : -[yb^ ^1^3 nin ])3\i;rT
of oil, and go to Ramoth-gilead. 2When you ar-

]3 U3u;in^-i3 Kin^ D\f7-nK-iT n?2u;
rive there, go and see Jehu son of Jehoshaphat
son of Nimshi; get him to leave his comrades,
and take him into an inner room. ^Then take
J^np^V n"Tn3 iin in'K *nK^3m
the flask of oil and pour some on his head, and
say, 'Thus said the Lord: I anoint you king over
Israel.' Then open the door and flee without :n3nn iib^ nnoji n'pin nnnsT
delay." :iyÂ n'nn K''3^n "ly^n ni/^n 'r\b'>^^
4The young man, the servant of the prophet,

nuK'^l '3U/T ~'7^nrT nU; mm k3^13
went to Ramoth-gilead. swhen he arrived, the
'p-'7K Kin;' "DpK"! nti/n -\-h}^ ->)> n3i
army commanders were sitting together. He
said, "Commander, I have a message for you."
"For which one of us?" Jehu asked. He an-
swered, "For you, commander." ^So [Jehu]
arose and went inside; and [the disciple] poured
the oil on his head, and said to him, "Thus said
a See note at 4.29. xb-n
795
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 9.6 u 12 D"'3'773 chcn:
the Lord, the God of Israel: I anoint you king

over the people of the Lord, over Israel. 'You
shall strike down the House of Ahab your mas-
ter; thus will I avenge on Jezebel the blood of
My servants the prophets, and the blood of the
nKHK n"'ii-b'3 inxi « : "^nnK im mn""
other servants of the Lord. '^The whole House
m^yi ^^^>pÂ ] "I
^ w 73 ^K H
K "'^13:11
^^
of Ahab shall perish, and I will cut off every male
belonging to Ahab, ''bond and free'' in Israel. nKHK n^n-HK ''rinjT ^ : '7K-i\^"'n mri/T
Î will make the House of Ahab like the House -]n KU/vii ri-'n^T unr]3 nv2ii n^ns
of Jeroboam son of Nebat, and like the House
of Baasha son of Ahijah. '"The dogs shall devour nb^ri nriQ^T nip ]>><") hKV'^v pbn:i
Jezebel in the field of Jezreel, with none to bury
her." Then he opened the door and tied.
\b *-i)3k;'1 vpi<. "'Tnv"'7K k^^ Kin;'! '
"Jehu went out to the other officers of his
master, and they asked him, "Is all well? What

did that madman come to you for?" He said to
them, "You know the man and his ranting!" ij"? xriAH -ipu; i-D^K"! i- :ln-'U;-nKT
'-"You're lying," they said. "Tell us [the truth]." n'3 -it^b ''7K "IpN riKT3T nKT3 "IJpK^l
Then he replied, "Thus and thus he said: Thus

said the Lord: I anoint you king over Israel!"
'^Quickly each man took his cloak and placed
-1311:73 lypn^'T n^bvi^ri n'^rb^ vnnn
under him, f on '^the top step. -''They sounded
it
the horn and proclaimed, "Jehu is king!" '''Thus

MW "iiiîpri''"! 11 •.i<^'\r[^, "^by^ npK''i
DniT'7K ''\;7?3ri3 uQu;ln-'-]3
Jehu son of Jehoshaphat son of Nimshi con-
spired against Joram.
Kin ivb^ ^^1^ "1^^ ^1k^ QTi"""!
Joram and all Israel had been defending :D-lK-^^n bKm ""JSn '71<-!U7"'-'7DT
Ramoth-gilead against King Hazael of Aram,

'%ut King Joram had gone back to Jezreel to
iDn'^nn d^tpik ins;" iu;k '3)3n-]?3
recover from the wounds which the Arameans
had inflicted on him in his battle with King
Hazael of Aram.
K^r'îS D3u;aj ^r°^ ^''^' "^J?^'!
Jehu said, "If such is your wish, allow no one

to slip out of the town to go and report this in n^Ki/lT'' Tl"?^"! Kin*' 33"|='l "^ :'7KV"lf'3
Jezreel." "'Then Jehu mounted his chariot and n-iin^ q'pa nîriK} nrp\L) nDu; uiv -"d
drove to Jezreel; for Joram was lying ill there,

"[py nQ'2^rn 17 :n"ii"'-nK mKi'? ii^
and King Ahaziah of Judah had gone down to
ni73u;-nK n"!î '7Ki;")T"'!i biyT2r[-bv
visit Joram. '"The lookout was stationed on the
tower in Jezreel, and he saw the troop of Jehu
hb See note at I Kingi 14.10.

c I.e.. lehu.
ltd Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
796
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 9.26 u :n D'^d'7)3 n-'K-'iJ
as he approached. He called out, "I see a troop!"

Joram said, "Dispatch a horseman to meet them DnK"ip^ nb\LJ) nil np. Dnln'^ "iwk=;'!
and let him ask: Is all well?" isThe horseman
went to meet him, and he said, "The king in-
quires: Is all well?" Jehu replied, "What concern

of yours is it whether all is well? Fall in behind
•qK^)2n-Kn -ii2Kh h^în ip_) 'nnx
me." The lookout reported: "The messenger has
reached them, but has not turned back." i^So
ijuj DID np'n n^p1^ 19 :nu7-K'7i nrrny
he sent out a second horseman. He came to
them and said, "Thus says the king: Is all well?" np Dlû;'7i ^^-nn Kin;' nnkî nl'pu;
Jehu answered, "What concern of yours is it
-"ty xn i)3Kb nQ'yn nri 20 : innK-'?^
whether all is well? Fall in behind me." 20And
Kin;' ':im?p3 :inj)3m nuz-k^pi DrT'''7K
the lookout reported, "The messenger has
'Am'; jlVAU/n •>2 "'U/Jprjn
reached them, but has not turned back. And it
KY"! ins"! ipK^!"! "I'DK bnin;' n)3K'^'!2i

looks like the driving of Jehu son of Nimshi,
who drives wildly."
21 Joram ordered, "Hitch up [the chariot]!" Kin;' riKnp^ iky^t iiipin uz-ik nyini
They hitched up his chariot; and King Joram : ''7K2;iT''ri nlnj np.'pnn inKYp"!
of Israel and King Ahaziah of Judah went out, '^^2K'>^ Kini'-nK b-jln"' niKna 'n:'i22
each in his own chariot, to meet Jehu. They met -IV m^]^:! nn Snkî Kin;' n'\b\ur\
him at the field of Naboth the Jezreelite. 22 when
Joram saw Jehu, he asked, "Is all well, Jehu?"
-bK "ink"! DJî VTi Ql'i'T' 1^0!!"! 23
But Jehu replied, "How can all be well as long
as your mother Jezebel carries on her countless
K^pp Kifi:'"!24 :n;]TnK npip innriK
harlotries and sorceries?" 23Thereupon Joram KYili vi/'-iT J""!
b")ln:'-nK t|=;"! riu/i?n it
turned his horses^ around and fled, crying out :1n?"!| vi^"'! in^p -"Ynn
to Ahaziah, "Treason, Ahaziah!" 24But Jehu
drew his bow and hit Joram between the

shoulders,/ so that the arrow pierced his heart;
bnjpv D-'n^n nK rink) ""Jk n5T-"'3
and he collapsed in his chariot.
vbv Km ^'r[)r['>'} vi^ nxriK nnx
25Jehu thereupon ordered his officer Bidkar,
"pT^K k'7-nK26 :n;Tri KWjan-nK
"Pick him up and throw him into the field of
Naboth the Jezreelite. Remember how you and -UKi mk "'rr'Kl i^l '''?l"riK"i ninj
I were riding side by side behind his father Ahab, -nxj nKTn np^^nn f^b ''^y^^bvj) mw
when the Lord made this pronouncement "in"|3 np^nn ^r[;ibpri Kp nriv") np^
about him: 26'! swear, I have taken note of the :mn"'
blood of Naboth and the blood of his sons
yesterday — declares the Lord. And I will re-
quite you in this plot — declares the Lord.' So
pick him up and throw him unto the plot in ac-
cordance with the word of the Lord."
e Lit. "hands"; see note at I Kings 22.34.
707 / Lit. "arms."

NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 9.27 u n D"'3'7D D''K''a3
270n seeing this, King Ahaziah of Judah fled •^l-i'i. DJî HK") niin"'-;i'7)3 n"'jfiK'!27
along the road to Beth-haggan. Jehu pursued ir2K'>i Kin"" vnnK iq^-i""! ]^ri n-in
him and said, "Shoot him down too!" [And they

shot him] in his chariot at the ascent of Gur,
which is near Ibleam. He fled to Megiddo and
nD'7u;TT' Tiiny inK n3-!:'"!2« -.uw
died there. -^^His servants conveyed him in a
i^yn prinK-ny innnpn in'K nîi?""!
chariot to Jerusalem, and they buried him in his
grave with his fathers, in the City of David.

niu; r[-)pv npK hjU7ni2y q :tii
(29Ahaziah had become king over Judah in the -bv n^jriK 'r\b'n nKnK-]B u'r\''b
eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab.)
30Jehu went on to Jezreel. When Jezebel heard nypu; b:iVK'\ n^Ky-iT"' Kin^ Kinîso
of it, she painted her eyes with kohl and dressed
her hair, and she looked out of the window. 3iAs
"^V^^ Kn Kinî3i :]i'pnn nvn ^ppn]
Jehu entered the gate, she called out, "Is all well,
i<ti7"i 32 : vnK xin npT ni'7U7n iTpKn"!
Zimri, murderer of your master?"^ 32He looked
up toward the window and said, "Who is on my

side, who?" And two or three eunuchs leaned
out toward him. -''-'^"Throw her down," he said. v^ munu/"} rnu)pu; inunu; ij3k='133
They threw her down; and her blood spattered : n3p?p"i''T D"'piDn-'7KT -|ip'n-'7K nmp
on the wall and on the horses, and they tram- Krnps nJpKî n\:;î '7DK''i Kn^V34
pled her. -nn '3 nnnpi nK-Tn rrinKn-nK
34Then he went inside and ate and drank. And
he said, "Attend to that cursed woman and bury
her, for she was a king's daughter." 35So they
"ini h)3K'^l i"? n-'A;'"! inu7^T 3f>
-^^.11^
went to bury her; but all they found of her were
the skull, the feet, and the hands. 36They came inj'^^K n3y-"T:)3 ^^±1, -iu/k nih mn^
back and reported to him; and he said, "It is just ^b2i<^ bKV^v pbn:i inK^? nwnn
as the Lord spoke through His servant Elijah nrrim n-'m 37 : b^VK "iw^tik D^3^3n
the Tishbite: The dogs shall devour the flesh of niti/n "'J3"'7V T?'"!3 ^"^r^ ^^^^
Jezebel in the field of Jezreel; 37and the carcass
of Jezebel shall be like dung on the ground, in
the field of Jezreel, so that none will be able to

say: 'This was Jezebel.'"
10 Ahab had seventy descendants in Sa- innu;3 n^n D^ynu; nNnK"?!

maria. Jehu wrote letters and sent them to Sa- "•^K liinu; n'û;"! anDp Kin^ '3n3''"!
maria, to the elders and officials of Jezreel" and

to the guardians of [the children] ot Ahab, as
g See I Kings 16.S-10.
a Emendation yields "of the city.

' —
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 10.12 n W'jb'n Q''K''nj
follows: 2"Now, when this letter reaches you n-Tn nQDH K'ia nrivv nT^Kb ikhx
since your master's sons are with you and you DDJiKT n3"'nK 'Jin DpnKl Q5"''?K
also have chariots and horses, and a fortified city
:pU7|rTi n;^n)p n^vi D-'piDrri n^nn
and weapons — ^select the best and the most
DD-inK -"j^n nw^m nlun nrr'K-iTs
suitable of your master's sons and set him on
his father's throne, and fight for your master's
house." ''But they were overcome by fear, for
n^n npK';-! -ikri ixn '^k-i^'i 4 dd''™ :
they thought, "If the two kings could not stand ir^v} T|''K'i v)^b npy k^ Q-'p^jan "îp
up to him, how can we?" SThe steward of the
palace and the governor of the city and the elders I Kin;'-'7K n-'inKm "n-'jp-Tni -^-'vri-bv
and the guardians sent this message to lehu: "ipK'n-iu/K Vdt ijnJK ^nny ni^x'?
"We are your subjects, and we shall do whatever
you tell us to. We shall not proclaim anyone
king; do whatever you like."
6He wrote them a second time: "If you are

on my side and are ready to obey me, take the inp n^vJ^'u; nriK 1 -'b'pb^ anx ''b-UK
heads of the attendants of your master's sons

and come'' to me in lezreel tomorrow at this
time." Now the princes, seventy in number, :anlK u^bim -i-iyn "'pirriK \i;->k
were with the notables of the town, who were "jn-riK inpî DrT'''7K hspn kna îl^'^7
rearing them. ^But when the letter reached
them, they took the princes and slaughtered all
seventy of them; they put their heads in baskets

and sent them to him in lezreel. Â messenger
'ihi<b I^'Ha;!! ^"^k"?)?:! K'nî » : n^Ky-iP
came and reported to him: "They have brought
the heads of the princes." He said, "Pile them : ni7'iin-iv -iv^n nni nnîy \:\u anx
up in two heaps at the entrance of the gate before 'h^'hii h)3kî nny;') ky'i Sj^'in 'n;'"! 9
morning." 9In the morning he went out and ""rinti/i? •'JK nin nriK Dî^^y ayn
stood there; and he said to all the people, "Are
-'73-nK nan 'pi innnKT ^"'Jik-'?:/
you blameless?'^ True, I conspired against my
in^?p b'B'' kb "-"a kIqk ivt 10 n^K :
master and killed him; but who struck down all

n"'2-'7V mn^ -in'i-iu/K ny-iK hp-'
of these? lOKnow, then, that nothing that the
Lord has spoken concerning the House of Ahab n^n -li-i nu/K riK nti/y nrn'^) nKHK
shall remain unfulfilled, for the Lord has done -b'3 riK ii^f]^, •q'lin :in'j^K mv
what he announced through His servant Eli- -"^Di '7Ki;iT^n hKHK-n-'i'? nnKU/iirT
jah." iiAnd lehu struck down all that were left -n^KU/n 'ri'73-iy v^^nbi vv^^pi i\yTA
of the House of Ahab in lezreel —and all his
:"rnu7 1^
notables, intimates, and priests — till he left him
'7i73;-n'';n Kin linpu; "^b^^ Kiî bj?^! 12
no survivor.
'2He then set out for Samaria. On the way.
b Targum and Septuagint read "and bring them.

c Or "You are blameless."
799
NKVi'iM 2 KINGS 10.12 n D^D^n D-'K-'nj
when he was at Beth-eked of the shepherds,

'Mehu came upon the kinsmen of King Ahaziah
of Judah. "Who are you?" he asked. They re-
plied, "We are the kinsmen of Ahaziah, and we :nynAn ''22^
ink''"! 11 •Î'pnn-'jn
have come to pay our respects to the sons of
mdnu/"). D"';'n mu/sn"} D^n mtz/Dn
the king and the sons of the queen mother."
u/iK b^jwi D-iyn-iK -;i7V"ri"'n "ii3-'7K
'•"Take them alive!" he said. They took them
alive and then slaughtered them at the pit of D :Dnn w-'K T'Ku;n-k'7T
Beth-eked, forty-two of them; he did not spare ni)i7j:3°ni3irT'TiK xynî Dwn t|'7='."i 13
a single one. -riK \u->r\ vbK "i)pK''i inDin""! inKip'?

'?He went on from there, and he met
lehonadab son of Rechab coming toward him.
He greeted him and said to him, "Are you as
wholehearted with me as I am with you?" "I

inBi:""! nrri^b ""riKJpn hkii ""riK n^h
am," Jehonadab replied. "If so," [said Jehu,]
"give me your hand." He gave him his hand and -bs-riK •qi'f ]lnn'\i; K'nî '^ nn^nn in'N
[Jehu] helped him into the chariot. "^"Come lTpu/rT"TV ]lin'u/n ikhk"? nnKU/^n
with me," he said, "and see my zeal for the Q : in=|'7K-'7K "131 "IU;K HIH^ "1313
Lord." And he was taken along in the chariot. "i)3k'''t nyrT-'73-nK Kin;' ysipîis
'"Arriving in Samaria, [Jehu] struck down all
Kin;' uv)p "^v^n-riK i3y 3KnK nn'^K
the survivors of [the House of] Ahab in Sa-
'ryin •'K"'3rb'3 nnyi i'^ :n3-in iJiny;'
maria, until he wiped it out, fulfilling the word
uz-'K 'pK ikip °T'jn'3-V3T T'lny-b's
that the Lord had spoken to Elijah.
nnf ''3
b'2 b^jib '^b "71131 iib3^-'7K
i*^Jehu assembled all the people and said to
them, "Ahab served Baal little; Jehu shall serve nvjv Kin;'! n'^n;' i<b i\?B''-)\pi<.
him much! '^Therefore, summon to me all the :b'y3n ""ilv-riK i"'3Kri ivp"? *n3py3
prophets of Baal, all his worshipers, and all his "rvî^ niyv wi\? nih"' ink""! 20
priests: let no one fail to come, for I am going '7KlU;^-'733 Kin-' n^pU/"!;' ilNlp"!
to hold a great sacrifice for Baal. Whoever fails
wn^T
w^K iKU/rk'?") bv'2ri •'i3"y-'73
to come shall forfeit his life." Jehu was acting
K^n^l '7y3n n"'3 \k'3î Kn-k"? iu/k
with guile in order to exterminate the worship-
iu;k^ i)?k^v: .n^b ns '7V3rT-n''3
ers of Baal. -"Jehu gave orders to convoke a
solemn assembly for Baal, and one was pro-

claimed. -'Jehu sent word throughout Israel,
and all the worshipers of Baal came, not a single
one remained behind. They came into the tem-

ple of Baal, and the temple of Baal was filled
from end to end. --He said to the man in charge

of the wardrobe,'' "Bring out the vestments for
all the worshipers of Baal"; and he brought vest-
it Meaning of Hcb. iinccrtuin.

NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 10.33 nn^'D'^n d^kû
ments out for them. 23Then Jehu and Jehonadab Kin;' knî 23 : \:;i3^)3n urib ky'î bv^^r]
son of Rechab came into the temple of Baal, and
they said to the worshipers of Baal, "Search and n'Ej-u/i-jQ iK-iT w$n bviri nii;^
make sure that there are no worshipers of the
Lord among you, but only worshipers of Baal."
and burnt
nlVyi D"'nnT niiyy"? iKfiî24 :Dp^
24So they went in to offer sacrifices
offerings. But Jehu had stationed eighty of his

"ijpKî vj^k wii^p \^n2 1^"DU7 Kin;:')
men outside and had said, "Whoever permits '•'JK nu7K D-'U/JKn-jn b'7)a-'-iU7K u/^Kn
the escape of a single one of the men I commit :lu;pj nnn w^; wj-^T-bv raw
to your charge shall forfeit life for hfe." njpk'ji nb'vri niu/y'? 1 iri'7D3 n^ps
25When Jehu had finished presenting the bisn 1K3 u^'wb\Ljb^ Qî:"!^ Mn;""
burnt offering, he said to the guards and to the
officers, "Come in and strike them down; let no
-n"'5 "T'V'iv ^:ib''^ u^\i;b]^r[-) n"'y"in
man get away!" The guards and the officers
'7V?n-n^:n nlnyn-nx iky'^'i 26 : '^yBn
struck them down with the sword and left them
lying where they were; then they proceeded to
the interior"^ of the temple of Baal. 26Xhey mK-inn"? in)pu7"'T bviri iT'^-riK Wri").
brought out the pillarsf of the temple of Baal -riK M711, ipu;?i 28 : ni^n-Tv nlKYiTp"?
and burned them. 27They destroyed the pillar^ nynnj '>kvn pn29 :'7Klu;='?p '7V^rT
of Baal, and they tore down the temple of Baal
and turned it into latrines, as is still the case.

-*n''n iu;k nn-m ^''7^^ nnnnKU i<.^w
28Thus Jehu eradicated the Baal from Israel.
29However, Jehu did not turn away from the sin-

ful objects by which Jeroboam son of Nebat had
caused Israel to sin, namely, the golden calves "IU7K V33 'ry? "i^^^n nwvb nnûn
at Bethel and at Dan. D^v=i1 "'J? ^^^^ ^^?'? J?TV '^^^^
30The Lord said to Jehu, "Because you have kb xinî3i :b'K~!t^-' KDS-'^y ^"7 ^nu;^
acted well and done what was pleasing to Me, '7K-!U7"'-'r1'7K nin:'-m.lrin n?'?^ '^•n^j
having carried out that desired upon the
all I
DynT mKun ^bvT2 id kb lnn'7-'732i
House of Ahab, four generations of your de-
scendants shall occupy the throne of Israel."
31 But Jehu was not careful to follow the Teach-
ing of the Lord, the God of Israel, with all his niiî?^ mn'' bnri nnn a''pîi32
heart; he did not turn away from the sins that rb'K-jt:/^ '7ini-'7Dn '7KTn 03""! "^KnU/^n
Jeroboam had caused Israel to commit. ynK-'ra riK î^fTi nnrn m^n-jn 33
32In those days the Lord began to reduce Is-
rael; and Hazael harassed them throughout the

territory of Israel 33east of the Jordan, all the
e Lit. "city." "rf^y i-iyum i''T'3D v. 29.
f Emendation yields "sacred posts"; cf. Deut. 12.3.

"
g Emendation yields "altar.
801
NF.vi'iM 2 KINGS 10.33 nD"'D'7)3 D^K^nj
land of Gilead — the Gadites, the Reubenites, iv-iVP 'î'^Jpni 'Pî<"in"i 'lîn ^^vbJ.r^
and the Manassites — from Aroer, by the Wadi

Arnon, up to Gilead and Bashan. -'7D1 niz/y -iu;k-'7:3T k^h^ nni "in;"") 34
'''iThe other events of Jehu's reign, and all his

"iQp-'^y n"'nin3 nn-Ki'^n innina
actions, and all his exploits, are recorded in the
n3U7^13s :'7K-it:;-' ^D'pn'? a-'p^'n nni
Annals of the Kings of Israel, ^sjehu slept with
his fathers and he was buried in Samaria; he-
was succeeded as king by his son Jehoahaz.

36Jehu reigned over Israel for twenty-eight years DnU/y bK')iu'>-bv K^n^>, ti'^d iu/k
in Samaria.
11 When Athaliah, the mother of Ahaziah, K''

learned that her son was dead, she promptly
killed off all who were of royal stock. ^But

-nn vniz/in;" ni?ni ^ : nD'pnjpri virb3
lehosheba, daughter of King Joram and sister
iz/Kl-i-riK mnriK niriK nni-'-'^'pprT
of Ahaziah, secretly took Ahaziah's son Joash
^q'ppn-'jn "qlnp in'K :inr\) n^TnN-]n
away from among the princes who were being
and Iputj" him and his nurse in a bed-
inprn-riKi in'K D^npiran D^nmnT^n
slain,
room. And they'' kept him hidden from Atha- in^'pny ijap in'K nnp"! nlu?3n iinn
liah so that he was not put to death. -''He stayed
with her for six years, hidden in the House of -bv nDj7b n'j^ni;'! ww \i;yj Knnnn
the LoRP,^ while Athaliah reigned over the land.
•*In the seventh year, Jehoiada sent for the
chiefs of the hundreds of the Carites''and of the

D-'y"i'7T ns"? nik)3n m^KJon nu/'HK
guards, and had them come to him in the House
Dnynnpî mn;' n\5 vb^ djik Knî
of the Lord. He made a pact with them, exacting
an oath from them in the House of the Lord, ^T-l niH"" n'>'i:i bn'K vnu;;'-! nnn
and he showed them the king's son. 5He in- HT "iibifb niVTs :'q^)an-]3-nN dhk
structed them: "This is what you must do: "K^ bap n'>pbwr[ ]it^vri iu/k in^n
One-third of those who are on duty for the week
"shall maintain guard-^' over the royal palace;
ânother third shall be [stationed] at the /Sur

Gate; 'and the other third shall be at the gate
'KY'-' '73 D33 nn^n ^np^ -.
npn rrinn
behind .?-the guards; you shall keep guard over
the House on every side.\»; "The two divisions
(J Cf. 2 0xron. 22.11.

b 2 Chron. 22. 1 1 reads "she.
c lehosheba was the wife of the high priest jehoiada; cf 2 Chron.
22.11.
d Perhaps the Cherethites (cf. 2 Sam. 20.23) or the Carians. They
were members of the king's bodyguard.
e-e Heb. "and who keep guard.
f-f 2 Chron. 2J.5 reads "Foundation liate."
g-g Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
802
"
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 11.16 K'' 21 D"'3'7J3 WK-'^l
of yours who are off duty this week shall keep n-inD '^bi^ri-b:; nriDipms :^'7)3n-'7K
guard over the House of the Lord for the pro- ninnipn-'^K Knn") ii^n vb:;i^ w^k
tection of the king. ^You shall surround the king
on every side, every man with his weapons at
the ready; and whoever breaks through the

ranks shall be killed. Stay close to the king in
his comings and goings."
9The chiefs of hundreds did just as Jehoiada nt^^ ]rT3n jn^Tio :]ri3rT i/nînT'^K
ordered: Each took his men —those who were -nx") n-iJiiri-nK nlkjan nvKnn
on duty that week and those who were off duty n'';^:i "iu;k hit "ribr^b "iu/k wvbwri
that week —and they presented themselves to
Jehoiada the priest. lOThe priest gave the chiefs

3-iy TT'j^p-'rT n-i^n qnap its
of hundreds King David's spears'^ and quivers
-bv rT'3'71 nnm"? n"''7K)pt:7rT h'>iri
that were kept in the House of the Lord. ^The
inî 'q'7)3ri-]3-nK kyvi 12 : ninu "^bpri
guards, each with his weapons at the ready, sta-
tioned themselves — from the south end of the ^:ib'^2''^ nnyn'îKi ntln-nK vb:;
House to the north end of the House, at the

altar and the House — to guard the king on every
side. 12 [Jehoiada] then brought out the king's nyn ]''^^'n "îp'riK n'j^ny ypu/rri b
son, and placed upon him the crown and the
Knrii 14 ;riy['> rr'S DvrT-'7K Knrri
insignia.^ They anointed him and proclaimed
him king; they clapped their hands and shouted,
uQt:7?33 imvri-bv im ^^b)3ri mni
"Long live the king!"
i^When Athaliah heard the shouting of the ynprri nlnyynii yj^ni nntz; Vn.Kn
guards [and] the people, she came out to the D :n\^j7n\^j7.K"]priirT"'i)>3-riKn^^ni;
people in the House of the Lord, i^she looked mx^nn n.tf/TiK jnsri VTin^ ^y;"! 15
about and saw the king standing by the pillar,
as was the custom, the chiefs with their trumpets K3ri'i n'ii\Ljb n"'3)3-'7K nn'K ik-'YIh
beside the king, and all the people of the land
jrisn npK ""b n-inn npn nnnx
rejoicing and blowing trumpets. Athaliah rent
Dn^ n^ ^t2p1^ 16 •.mrr' rfn n?pin-'7K
her garments and cried out, "Treason, treason!
iSThen the priest Jehoiada gave the command
to the army officers, the chiefs of hundreds, and D :DU7 nmm
said to them, "Take her out ^-between the
ranks-« and, if anyone follows her, put him to
the sword." For the priest thought: "Let her not
be put to death in the House of the Lord."

i6They cleared a passageway for her and she en-
tered the royal palace through the horses' en-
trance: there she was put to death.
h 2 Chron. 23.9 adds "and shields."
803
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 11.17 aD"'D'773 D^K^n:
'''And Jehoiada solemnized the covenant be-

tween the Lord, on the one hand, and the king
and the people, on the other — as well as between
the king and the people — that they should be
the people of the Lord. '^Thereupon all the peo-
ple of the land went to the temple of Baal. They

down and smashed altars and images
ninnTKirT 'jq'7 unn bijiri jns ]n)3
tore it its
to bits, and they slew Mattan, the priest of Baal,

in front of the altars. [Jehoiada] the priest then
placed guards over the House of the Lord. ''^He '^'^''y'[

Y^^K^ °^"'^2 I riKT D^vin'^KT
took the chiefs of hundreds, the Carites,'' the
guards, and all the people of the land, and they

escorted the king from the House of the Lord
into the royal palace by the gate of the guards.
And he ascended the royal throne. 20AII the peo-

ple of the land rejoiced, and the city was quiet.
As for Athaliah, she had been put to the sword

in the royal palace.
12 Jehoash was seven years old when he

became king. 2Jehoash began his reign in the u/Kin") "^btz kin;''? ynu;-nju;:i: d
seventh year of Jehu, and he reigned in Jerusa- DijK up) qb'wn-':? '^b'i2 nj\^ n-iyîK")
lem forty years. His mother's name was Zibiah
of Beer-sheba. -"Âll his days Jehoash did what

was pleasing to the Lord, as the priest Jehoiada
instructed him. ^The shrines, however, were not

Dvn liv no-k"? mnnn pi-* :in'3n
removed; the people continued to sacrifice and :nl?pn3 Dn\i)i7?pT n"'n:;iTp
offer at the shrines.

t\q'2 'b'3 n-'Jnan-S'K u/Nin"' "inN'T 5
5Jehoash said to the priests, "All the money, iqp3 mn^-nin N^vnu/K D^wi^n
current money, brought into the House of the rip3-'73 I3"iv nw^2 riD3 \u^k i3iy
Lord as sacred donations — «-any money a man XT'? K-inn^ uz-iK-n^ b}j h'pyi iwk
may pay as the money equivalent of persons,"
HKn vj''i<. wzrf^Ti bn^ inp''^ :mn^
or any other money that a man may be minded
— Vd"? nîn p^^Tiii ipTrr" Dni nan
to bring to the House of the Lord ''let the
priests receive it, each from his benefactor; they,

in turn, shall make repairs on the House, wher- "^br^b mu; u/'^wt nnu/v riju/s '•n"'") -
ever damage may be found."

"But in the twenty-third year of King Jehoash,
fl-fl S*f /rv. 27.2-S.

NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 12.17 n^ 1 D"'3'7)3 niK^nj
[it was found that] the priests had not made the p-rn-riK D-ijnBn ipin-k'p u^kih"'
repairs on the House. ^So King Jehoash sum- VTin''^ u/Kln;" "n^ân K^pî s :n"'nn
moned the priest Jehoiada and the other priests m'n Dn'7K n-'jns^T
"lUK'î ']ri3n
and said to them, "Why have you not kept the
House in repair? Now do not accept money
p-in^-^3 d:?"'1.3)? riK)? ^tqD3-inpn-'7K
from your benefactors anymore, but have it do-
nated for the repair of the House." ^The priests
"n^n^ Q"'Jn3n ^nK'',']J nmnri n;'nri
agreed that they would neither accept money -riK pjn 'ri^n^T nyrr jikd 'tqoii-nnp
from the people nor make repairs on the House. :n:'iirT piin
lOAnd the priest Jehoiada took a chest and np^l iriK ]inK ]rT3ri yTin^ npî lo
bored a hole in its lid. He placed it at the right ]i)3^n niT)3rT "^YK^nK ]n'>) iriîî in
side of the altar as one entered the House of the
Lord, and the priestly guards of the threshold
riD3ri-'73-nK npiy "•jn'sn
iqDn
deposited there money that was brought
all the
into the House of the Lord. ^Whenever they

-12) DnlKi3 ^nîH :mn^-n"'n i<.^^)2r[
saw that there was much money in the chest, inani ^'^'pnn nob bv^_) il-iKii iqcan nn
the royal scribe and the high priest would come KY)piin ciD3n-nK ijjpî nyî bî^n
up and put the money accumulated in the larijpri r|D3n-nK briJ'112 :nin:'-n"'n
House of the Lord into bags, and they would DHpsn n3K^?3ri ipv '""T "^^'^V
count it. i2Then they would deliver the money
^-that was weighed out-'' to the overseers of the
work, who were in charge of the House of the

b-iyy nup"?-] pKrr ^^li'nb^ bni^î 13
Lord. These, in turn, used to pay the carpenters
and the laborers who worked on the House of
mnTn-'5 PI^^tik pmb nynn 'nKi
the Lord, i3and the masons and the stone- °ilK 14 : npm^ n:'3rT-'7V Ky:'-i\^K Vd"?!
cutters. They also paid for wood and for quar- ni"i?3m 'iqD3 map nin'^ jt"? nti/y^ k"?
ried stone with which to make the repairs on -^h^^ nriT ''5?3~'^3 riinyyn nipnTp
the House of the Lord, and for every other ex- :nin"'-n"'n Kni)3rT c]D3ri-])p tjop
penditure that had to be made in repairing the
ln-ip-Tni imn;" n^K^jan "'tz;yb'-'3 15
House. i4However, no silver bowls and no
-riK Kb)^^ inin^ n-'n-nx
snuffers, basins, or trumpets — no vessels of
^nif/n^
gold or silver —were made at the House of the

Lord from the money brought into the House
of the Lord; isthis was given only to the over-
seers of the work for the repair of the House JT'n KnT' iib nikun i^ddt du/k tôa 17
of the Lord. ^(>No check was kept on the men

to whom the money was delivered to pay the
workers; for they dealt honestly.
i^Money brought ''-as a guilt offering or as a
sin offering-'^ was not deposited in the House

of the Lord; it went to the priests.

QAC c-c See Lev. 5.15.
NSvfiM 2 KINGS 12.18 n"" 1 D''3'7)3 D-iK-inj
'f*At that time, King Hazael of Aram came up nn'?"'! a"iK "^brz bKm nb:;^ tk is
and attacked Gath and captured it; and Hazael ni'7y'7 V2B S'Kin du/ii nia'?''} nrbv
proceeded to march on Jerusalem. ''^Thereupon r[i^'r['>--]br2 WKln*' nj?"-] i*^
:D'pu;n-'-'7V
King Joash of Judah took all the objects that had
been consecrated by his fathers, Kings Jehosh-
n-nn-> 'p'pTp vnnK ih^tiikt D-jlnî
aphat, Jehoram, and Ahaziah of Judah, and by
Ky?p^n nrTTn-'73 hki vu/nip-riK")
himself, and all the gold that there was in the
treasuries of the Temple of the Lord and in the
royal palace, and he sent them to King Hazael : Dû^nT bvn bv'>^ wik i\br2bi<,]nb
of Aram, who then turned back from his march

on Jerusalem. D^p^n nn"! "iQp-'7y Dînna nn-Kl'^rT
-"The other events of Joash's reign, and all his
-nu/p'T vinv i)3i7^"!2i :n-iin-' "'p'^n'?
actions, are recorded in the Annals of the Kings
of Judah. -'His courtiers formed a conspiracy
innn''T ny)3u;-jn i?tvi22 iK'pp
against Joash and assassinated him at Beth-
millo Hhat leads down to Silla.-'' 22The court-

lnK nnp^T nnî insn vi'2iJ, i "inuz-jn
iers who assassinated him were Jozacar son of
Shimeath and Jehozabad son of Shomer. He

died and was buried with his fathers in the City
of David; and his son Amaziah succeeded him
as king.
13 In the twenty-third year of King Joash MJKvb ni\u W7\f7T Dnu/y niu/n ^
son of Ahaziah of Judah, Jehoahaz son of Jehu
became king over Israel in Samaria— for sev-
enteen years. 2He did what was displeasing to

mn'' ""j^vn ynn wv."!- •^^^^^ nnu/y
the Lord. He persisted in the sins which Jero-
~iiyK unrp °V^"!? HKun inx "rj^^f
boam son of Nebat had caused Israel to commit;
;m)2)p no-K"? b'Knu/^-riK K^pnn
he did not depart from them. ^The Lord was
angry with Israel and He repeatedly delivered
them into the hands of King Hazael of Aram '7KTn-]n TTn-]3 -iini nnK-Tj^n '7i<Tn
and into the hands of Ben-hadad son of Hazael. nin"' 'JSTiK TfiKin"' '^n^T •»
: o-'p^n-'â
^But Jehoahaz pleaded with the Lord; and the
Lord listened to him, for He saw the suffering
^ D")K ^"pn nn'K yn^-^s b'Kiw
in"! :
that the king of Aram inflicted upon Israel. ?So

nnnn my"! y'lu/in ^bi<.'^\u^b mn^
the Lord granted Israel a deliverer, and they
gained their freedom from Aram; and Israel
dwelt in its homes as before. ^'However, they did mKUnp TlD-K'7 "qK " : nWbUJ '71)2n3
not depart from the sins which the House of Jer- -riK K^'unn 'unnnu/K ny3"T'-n"'3
b-b Meaning of Heh. uncertain.
806
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 13.17 nn"'D'7J3 D''K->nj
oboam had caused Israel to commit; they per-

sisted in them. Even the sacred post stood in
Samaria. ^"In fact, Jehoahaz was left with a force
of only fifty horsemen, ten chariots, and ten
aiK '^b'n b"r3K ^3 ''pn d^d^k nnu/yi
thousand foot soldiers; for the king of Aram had
•.vjib ~)pV2 nnU/ii
decimated them and trampled them like the
dust under his feet.

nipv nu7K"'73i triKin"' nn^ "injis
^The other events of Jehoahaz's reign, and all -iap-'7V D-'inn3 nn-Ki^n in-inAi
his actions and his exploits, are recorded in the 33^7^1 9
••
'^'Knt:^-' ^2b^b n^?3^rT n3T

Annals of the Kings of Israel. ^Jehoahaz slept ]1-!?3'\:;3 ^nn3p''} T'ri3K-Dy TfiKlrr'
with his fathers and he was buried in Samaria; Q :T'nnn m \ui<.v tjôt
his son Joash succeeded him as king.
^pn ]ij^vb nh^j V3u;i u^pbp niu;3 lo

loin the thirt)'-seventh year of King Joash of
Judah, Jehoash son of Jehoahaz became king of
Israel in Samaria — for sixteen years. ^He did
what was displeasing to the Lord; he did not -^3n "ID kb nin^ '>pv:i ynn niuv'n n
depart from any of the sins which Jeroboam son K-'unnnu/K U3r]3 uv'2'v *mKun
of Nebat had caused Israel to commit; he per- I'q'pn n3 '7K-it7"'-nK
sisted in them.
nti/y iu;k-'731 'u/kv n3i -inji 12
i2The other events of Joash's reign, and all his

-'^b'D H'lyTpK Dv nn'7J n\i7K lri"!i3AT
actions, and his exploits in his war with King
n3T ^^^v-bv Di3^n3 nn-Kl'pn njin-'
Amaziah of Judah, are recorded in the Annals
of the Kings of Israel, i? Joash slept with his fa-
thers and Jeroboam occupied his throne; Joash -i3i?''i iKps-"?!; 3\^^ DV3nji T'ri3K-nv
was buried in Samaria with the kings of Israel.
iÊlisha had been stricken with the illness of 13 mn^ -iu;k I'^^riTiK n'^n Vu/"''7kt 14
which he was to die, and King Joash of Israel

-bv 'i\'2i)_
bk-]p^-'^by2 vjkv v^k ly^
went down to see him. He wept over him and
cried, "Father, father! ''Israel's chariots and
horsemen!"-^ iSElisha said to him, "Get a bow
and arrows"; and he brought him a bow and :D''ym nu;i7. vbi<. n;?^! n-'ym
arrows. i6Then he said to the king of Israel, ^^T 33"irT bk'W'>, '^^p'? I nwKîi6
"Grasp the bow!" And when he had grasped it, VT v\LJ^bi<. u\u^^ It 33"i''1 nu/^ri-'^v
Elisha put his hands over the king's hands. ]l'7nn nns i?3k"îi" '^bi^ri ^ybv
'7"Open the window toward the east," he said;
nn^
nl^l i^\u^bi<. njpKî nriQî nnii?.
and he opened it. Elisha said, "Shoot!" and he
shot. Then he said, "An arrow of victory for the
: n^3-li7 p3K3 DnKTlK n-i^n) 0^X3
Lord! An arrow of victory over Aram! You shall
a This verse would read well after v. 3.
b-b On Elisha as defender of Israel, see chapters 6-8.
807
NEvfiM 2 KINGS 13.17 r 11 D"'3'7)3 D-'K-'nj
routAram completely at Aphek." i^He said, -•^^pV "iî^"! ni?"! "'^nn np "ink""! >«
"Now pick up the arrows." And he picked them

up. "Strike the ground!" he said to the king of
Israel; and he struck three times and stopped.
TK wrzv^ u/iy-iK u;nn niDn'? ~ipK"''i
'^The man of God was angry with him and said
to him, '-"If only you had struck*" five or six
times! Then you would have annihilated Aram;

D :D-iK-nK nan D-'pys
as it is, you shall defeat Aram only three times." nxln 'in:\i ^niiap"! vu;"'^k nip",! 20
-OElisha died and he was buried. Now bands Dnn'p DH I

ifi"'"! 21 : nju; k3 yiKn iK'n^
of Moabites used to invade the land ''-at the
coming of every year.'' 21 Once a man was being

buried, when the people caught sight of such
vu/"''7K ninyys
-^V ^P^l'l 'CT'"!
a band; so they threw the corpse'' into Elisha's
grave and /-made off.-' When the [dead] man

came in contact with Elisha's bones, he came
to life and stood up.
b'3 '7K-iu/-'-nK ynb dik "^bri bi<]m22
DnnTi Dn'K n"in-'']n^"!23 :Tn]<1n"' ""ni
22King Hazael of Aram had oppressed the Is- Dri"!nK-nK innn jy??^ dh-'^n jq;>i
raelites throughout the reign of Jehoahaz. 23But -iib-] Qn"'nu;ri n^K kS>i Ipi^î pny
the Lord was gracious and merciful to them,
:nny-iv t'JEJ"'7VP u^^bîjn
n'^2l^'-^
and He turned back to them for the sake of His
un TirT-]3 q'^p"! D'lK-'i'^n bi<m
covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. He
np''"! TfiKlm-jn WKlm n\f;^V3 ivrinn
refrained from destroying them, and He still did
24When
-1U7K '7KTn-j3 "rin-jn ii-n Dnyn-riK
not cast them out from His presence.
King Hazael of Aram died, his son Ben-hadad \ijb\Lj nan"???? vnK TpKln-' 1112 n\?b
succeeded him as king; 25and then Jehoash son ny-riN 2Wl^ ]ui<.v man nmvB
of Jehoahaz recovered from Ben-hadad son of Q : bK^^\I;^'
Hazael the towns which had been taken from

his father Jehoahaz in war. Three times Joash
defeated him, and he recovered the towns of
Israel.
14. the second year of King Joash son TriKV-is îJKvb wnp n2p3. I
of Joahaz of Israel, Amaziah son of King Joash

of Judah became king. 2He was twenr\'-five years mn mw wnrn nnwy-jn 2 :ni^m
old when he became king, and he reigned twen-
ty-nine years in Jerusalem; his mother's name
was Jehoaddan of Jerusalem. -^He did what was
t-c Iir. "to strike.
d-d Meaning ofHeb. uncertain; emendation yields 'year by year.

e Heb. 'the man.
f-f Heb. 'he made off."

NEViîM 2 KINGS 14.14 T" D D"'D'773 n-'x-'ij
pleasing to the Lord, but not like his ances- p"! npT ""^vî nu/^n u/v.T i n^t^n''
tor Da\dd; he did just as his father Joash had \iJKV nu;y-"iWN b':^3 v:ik n.-ra k^
done. -iHo\vever, the shrines were not removed; niy np-K'? n1?33n pij -.niuv i^nx
the people continued to sacrifice and make
inî3 :nlm3 Dnuppi t:"'nnm uvn
offerings at the shrines. ?Once he had the king-
-nx "i]:'T iTn HD/'pTan npjn ipK2
dom firmly in his grasp, he put to death the
courtiers who had assassinated his father the

nx> :PnK T]'7)arT-nK n^s^sn vinv
king. ^But he did not put to death the children "iDp3 mn33 JTipn i<b nisân ân
of the assassins, in accordance with what is writ-
ten in the Book of the Teaching of Moses, where

the Lord commanded, "Parents shall not he put mn^ li<unn uz-'K-Dis nlnx-'î;
T?
to death for children, nor children be put to
death for parents; a person shall be put to death

nbri n'^nn-Kns niiK-nK nan-Kin 7
only for his o^v^l crime."''
y^ppn-nx t/sni "'Q^x nnU/y
"He defeated ten thousand Edomites in the
\'alley of Salt, and he captured Sela in battle and ly bi<.np^^ n?3u;-nx xnp"! nnn'???^
renamed it Joktheel, as is still the case. '^Then ni^î<. nb\ij TK8 D :n-Tn uvn
Amaziah sent envoys to King Jehoash son of Kin^-j3 TpKln^ja \:;Kin"'-'7K d^dx^)?
Jehoahaz son of Jehu of Israel, with this mes- : n-'jQ nx-jnj nab' nnx"? bi<.'w-> -q^Tp
sage: "Come, let us confront^' each other." '^King -'^x b'X'it:;i-'!]^}3 \i7Xln"' nû;='i9
Jehoash of Israel sent back this message to King
iii/x ninnHnx'7 nnin^-Ti^n in^vjpx
Amaziah of Judah: "The thistle Lebanon sent
this message to the cedar in

in
Lebanon, 'Give your

"jin'pn -iu;x iixn-'^x nW jinVa
daughter to my son in marriage.' But a wild

n^x'? "inb ^na-nx-njn inx'?
beast in Lebanon went bv and trampled down Db-ini jiJnVn "iu;x hiwn n^n n'nyni
the thistle. "^Because you have defeated Edom, niix-nx nân nan 10 : ninn-nx
you have become arrogant. Stay home and en- ^[)3b^ "^nâa nu/i inan -^^b ^xti/JT
joy your glor)', rather than provoke disaster and niin"'T nnx nn'^DJT ny-ia n-iAnn
fall, dragging Judah down with you."
:"q)3y
' iBut Amaziah paid no heed; so King Jehoash
--\br2 \:;xin"' ^7^^ ^n^ypx yTpuz-x"?") n
of Israel advanced, and he and King Amaziah
ini^Dxi xin Dîa ixin'T b^'W'^
of Judah conft-onted each other at Beth-
shemesh in Judah. '-The Judites were routed by
: n-vin^b -iu;x u/nu; n"'na nnnn^-q^n
Israel, and they all fled to their homes. i^King

Jehoash of Israel captured King Amaziah son -^b-n in^YTpx nx") 13 :T''7nx'7 iVhk"?
of Jehoash son of .Ahaziah of Judah at Beth- u/an injrnx-ja \z;xlni-ja nnini

shemesh. He marched on Jerusalem, and he
iK2^T ^)2^j n"'aa '7X"it?7;'-q'7p \:7xin'?
made a breach of four hundred cubits in the
wall of Jerusalem, fi'om'" the Ephraim Gate to
Comer
yanx man iy\z;-"iy Dnax nyu/a
the Gate. i-iHe carried off all the gold
a Deut. 24.16.
b I.e., in battle.
c Heb. "at."
809
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 14.14 T" H D''D'7)3 D-'K-'IJ
and silver and all the vessels that there were in
the House of the Lord and in the treasuries of

the royal palace, as well as hostages; and he re-
turned to Samaria.
i^The other events of Jehoash's reign, and all
his actions and exploits, and his war with King

Amaziah of Judah, are recorded in the Annals
of the Kings of Israel. '^Jehoash slept with his D"'n;'n nm i3p"'7V nînns Dn-K'7n
fathers, and was buried in Samaria with the
kings of Israel; his son Jeroboam succeeded him
as king.
'"King Amaziah son of Joash of Judah lived

fifteen years after the death of King Jehoash son
q'pn TnKln"'-]^ u/Kln^ nin nriK
of Jehoahaz of Israel. "^The other events of
Annals of
nnT '^n^>^ '« .'!i:]\u nnu/y u;nn '7K"it:7-'
Amaziah's reign are recorded in the
the Kings of Judah. ''Â conspiracy was formed -iDp-'^v D"':inri3 Dn-K"?:! ih^^dk
against him in Jerusalem and he fled to Lachish; nu/p^T'y -.ri'T^n'' """^bioh D^p^n nn"i
but they sent men after him to Lachish, and they
killed him there. -OThey brought back his body iKt^5"j2o :uvj innipî nu;"'3^ t'IOn
on horses, and he was buried with his fathers
"DV bu/Tr'n nni?"") n"'piDrT-'7y in'K
in Jerusalem, in the City of David.
-'Then all the people of Judah took Azariah,
Kim nniy-nK n-tim ^"'73 inp^v'
who was sixteen years old, and proclaimed him
king to succeed his father Amaziah. --It was he
nnn in'K id'^d"*! nw t\-wv u/w-jn
who rebuilt Elath and restored it to Judah, after n^^K-riK nn Kin^- :in']VpK i^nK
King [Amaziah] slept with his fathers.
-În the fifteenth year of King Amaziah son

of Joash of Judah, King Jeroboam son of Joash
of Israel became king in Samaria — for forty-
]3 uv'i'v "T^yi niin"" "q^n ^kv-j^
one years. --^He did what was displeasing to the
D^y^-iK ]1-i?p\:;3 ^'7K"iu;'>-Tib')3 u/kp
Lord; he did not depart from all the sins that
Jeroboam son of Xebat had caused Israel to mn'' 'pyn yin wv.v-i :mu; nnKi
commit. ^Ht was he who restored the territory unr]3 uv'i'v *mK'un-'73?3 ip k^
of Israel from Lebo-hamath to the sea of the 2.WT} Kin:? :'7K-lt:7"'TlK K^plin "lU/K
Arabah, in accordance with the promise that the Dyiv npn Kin'pp '7K"iw'' "rurriK
Lord, the God of Israel, had made through His
-iWK S'K-ju;-' •'rf'^K nin^ inia T[yy>3T}
servant, the prophet Jonah son of Amittai from
K''33n "'nn>f-]3 ml*' linvTî ini
Gath-hepher. -^For the Lord saw the ver)- bitter
plight of Israel, with neither '^bond nor free''
-riK mn"' nK-)-'3 26 nann mn "lu/^c
•1 K^n V. 24.
d-d See note at 1 Kings 14.10.
"
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 15.9 ^v n n'^2b)2 D'-K'-nj
left, and with none to help Israel. 27And the DQKl liyy DDK") IKp ni)3 '7K"ji?7:' "'JV
Lord resolved not to blot out the name of Israel -i3-[-k'7i 27 :bK'iiu'>b -ify j^kt mty
from under heaven; and he delivered them nnnp bk"}]!;^ d^tik hlnn^ mm
through Jeroboam son of Joash.
28The other events of Jeroboam's reign, and
aU his actions and exploits, how he fought and
recovered Damascus and Hamath «-for Judah
in Israel,-*^ are recorded in the Annals of the
Kings of Israel. 29jeroboam slept with his fa- D^Tp^n nn-i "iQp-'^y D-'iiriD nrrK^n
thers, the kings of Israel, and his son Zechariah "ny byn")"j n3u;='T29 :'7K"!t7T "'p^'?'?
succeeded him as king. nn^T Tj^'p^'T '^Kni^-' -"p^)? nv T'nnx

Q :T'nnn m
15 In the twenty-seventh year of King Jer- m\f7 V2\u) nnii/y nj\;;n ^v
oboam of Israel, Azariah son of King Amaziah -jn nnry ^'7)3 b^'iiu^ "q^p ^^^l?"?
of Judah became king. 2He was sixteen years old
when he became king, and he reigned fifty-two
n:\u ump^ Dîi^priT i3'7)pn mn mu;
years in Jerusalem; his mother's name was Jecol-
im^D^ 1)3K u\p) p'7u;n-'3 ':\br2
iah of Jerusalem. ^He did what was pleasing to
nyn"! '>pv:i "lu/^n u/yjii-^ :DÛ7n"'?3
the Lord, just as his father Amaziah had done.
^However, the shrines were not removed; the pn4 n^nK imYTpK ntpy-iu^K "733
people continued to sacrifice and make offer-
ings at the shrines. 5The Lord struck the king -riK mm j;3ij"'i5 :nlpii3 nnippp^
with a plague, and he was a leper until the day
of his death; he lived «-in isolated quarters,-"
while Jotham, the king's son, was in charge of

:y~iKri nvTiK vp\u nîri
the palace and governed the people of the land.
6The other events of Azariah's reign, and all
his actions, are recorded in the Annals of the "p^n nnT ^^^v-bv n^nina nn-k'7n
Kings of Judah. Âzariah slept with his fathers, -nv nnry nsu/^v :nmm ""3^)?^
and he was buried with his fathers in the Citv m.T Tiyn vjinK-ny inx nnp"! vnnK
of David; his son Jotham succeeded him as king. D :T'rinn m nl"' 'ib'^")
8In the thirty-eighth year of King Azariah of

^nnty^ nju; np\Lj^ d-'U7''7U7 niwns
Judah, Zechariah son of Jeroboam became king
over Israel in Samaria — for six months. ^He did
:n''\^"]n n\i7U7 jnn'u/n '7K"iU;T'7y
what was displeasing to the Lord, as his fathers
had done; he did not depart from the sins which iU7y n\:;K3 mm Tvn Vnn t:7y='i9
e-e Emendation yields "for Israel.
811
NEvfiM 2 KINGS 15.9 1U na"'3'7)3 D^K^nj
Jeroboam son of Nebat had caused Israel to
commit. •"Shallum son of Jabesh conspired vbv iu/p"") I" : "^Knty-riK K'lunri '^pK
against him and struck him down ''before the
people'' and killed him, and succeeded him as

D3n nnDT nn^ nn^.T " n'lrinn îb-n")
king. ' 'The other events of Zechariah's reign are
''^b'nb D"'n^n nn^ "iQp"'7i7 Dînns
recorded in the Annals of the Kings of Israel.
^^2.'l "i\i;K nin:'-"in-| Kin 12 :'7k-iu;t
'-This was in accord with the word that the
Lord had spoken to lehu: "Four generations of ^7 in\^:i D"'V"'^1 ^^^ i'^k"? Kin^-'7K
your descendants shall occupy the throne of Q : ]3""'n''T '7K1tz;T KDa""?!;
Israel." And so it came about.

u^\ub\u niu/ii '^b'12 ^\iJ'''^y]'^ m'û/n
'^Shallum son of Jabesh became king in the
thirty-ninth year of King Uzziah of Judah, and
nrin nnjp'^v'''! '''
:
PIP'^? n-'p^-n-i^
he reigned in Samaria one month. '^Then
DiVu;-nK T|ii ]in)3'u; K'n^'i nyinn
Menahem son of Gadi set out from Tirzah and
Tj'7p''"! inrr'p-'"! ]l"inu;:n w^n^-]^
came to Samaria; he attacked Shallum son of
Jabesh in Samaria and killed him, and he suc- -iu;k inwpi m'7U7 nni inî '? n'lnnri
ceeded him as king. '^The other events of D^p^n nn"! nQp-'7V "'in? n^n lu/j?
Shallum's reign, and the conspiracy that he D :'7K-iu;-' ^:2b'nh

formed, are recorded in the Annals of the Kings '^BTiKT npQn-nK nrnp-nD^ tk "^
of Israel.
i(b ''3 ny-inn h-i^pinA-riKi n^nu/N
iÂt that time, "[marching] from Tirzah,"
Q : vj^n rT-'ril-irirT-'73 nx ^".1 nns
Menahem subdued Tiphsah and all who were
in it, and its territory; and because it did not
nnty^ niu; Wrri wpbî) nii^n i"
surrender, he massacred [its people] and ripped
open all its pregnant women. t7i;-)Ti8 :]i-ip\z;3 npu; "iti^y '^k-jW"'
'''In the thirty-ninth year of King Azariah of *mKun bij-12 "ip t(b mn"" ^j^yii y-in
Judah, Menahem son of Gadi became king over '7K"!u;-'-nK K^pnn-iuJK unr] -i Dyn-i^
Israel in Samaria — for ten years. '^He did what
-b:j hi\i7K-T]'7p b^^ k^'^ ^'''Pr'^?
was displeasing to the Lord; throughout his
C]p3n33 ^bK '71q'7 bnjp ]n1^ yiN"?
days he did not depart from the sins which Jer-
: 1T3 n3^n)3n pînrib inx T'-rT nvn'?
oboam son of Nebat had caused Israel to com-
mit. I'^King Pul of Assyria invaded the land, and bv bkyu'>-bv c^pan-riK anjp Ky"! 20
Menahem gave Pul a thousand talents of silver -n\i^K "^br^b hn^ '^'fin "'il23i-'?3
that he might support him and strengthen his 2\ij)) ifiN u/^n"? r|p3 '0''bpw Dîi^nn
hold on the kingdom. '^Menahem exacted the "inj.i 21 : y-iK3 Du; iJpy-K'?! •^wi<. q'pp
money from Israel: even.' man of means had
DH-Ki'^n ntf;y -iu;k-'731 nnjn n:^"!
to pay fift)' shekels of silver for the king of As-
''^br^b D^rp^n nni "lap-S'y n-iinn^
syria. The king of Assyria withdrew and did not
remain in the land, îjhe other events of '1 kVh v. 9.
•1 nbn V. 18.
b-b Some Septuagint mss. read "at Ibleam.

c Cf. 10.30.
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 15.32 na"'D'7)3 Q^K^nJ
Menahem's reign, and all his actions, are re-
corded in the Annals of the Kings of Israel.
22Menahem slept with his fathers, and his son

Pekahiah succeeded him as king.
"^bri nnti;'? mu; wmn hju;n23
bK-wi-bv nnjp-jn n^nj^s "^^n nnin-'
23In the fiftieth year of King Azariah of Judah,
Pekahiah son of Menahem became king over Is-

^pv:i ynn \uvl^24 -.w^n^p ]'\'ynvj:i
rael in Samaria — for two years. 24He did what unrjn nv:i'v *hiKun)3 no iib nyn"!
was displeasing to the Lord; he did not depart °vbv '^\U\P'>^ 25 : '7K"!t7^-nK K-'unn nu/K
from the sins which Jeroboam son of Nebat had pnjp'u/n ^r^2'!^ w^b\LJ in^'pm-jn npB
caused Israel to commit. 25His aide, Pekah son -riKi nnx-riK '^b'n'n -|'?n"n"'n j1?p")K5
of Remaliah, conspired against him and struck
him down in the royal palace in Samaria; with

:vnnr\ ^^p^'i inrr'jp"''!
him were fifty Gileadites, "with men from
n|ri nu/y n\^K-'7D"i n'^npa niiT -in^.l "^
Argob and Arieh;-" and he killed him and suc-
ceeded him as king.

26The other events of Pekahiah's reign, and
all his actions, are recorded in the Annals of the
Kings of Israel. nnry^ niû b^nu/i Q''^pn nw:i27
-bv in^^pn-jn npB i^bp rrr^'n-' ':\bri
27In the fifty-second year of King Azariah of
^^l"]-^ :nju; nnu/i; ilnn'u/n bK'y\u'!
Judah, Pekah son of Remaliah became king over
*niKun-]p "16 Kb mn;" ^J^vn ynn
Israel and Samaria — for twenty years. 28He did
what was displeasing to the Lord; he did not
-riK K-'pnrr i\uk unrjp "^^^^T.
depart from the sins which Jeroboam son of

Nebat had caused Israel to commit. 29ln the days -riK nj?"! "iWK Î'pp
noKb'Q nb'Jin
of King Pekah of Israel, King Tiglath-pileser of nljfriKi n5i7)p-nn 7nK-nKi jl^y

Assyria came and captured Ijon, Abel-beth- -riKT hy^jin-riKT nlyn-nKT \:7-ti7-nKi
maacah, Janoah, Kedesh, Hazor — Gilead, Gal-
: n-jiWK uby"!} "''?nQJ V"ik Vs nb^%r[
ilee, the entire region of Naphtali; and he de-
-bv n^K-]:n yi^ln -iu;j7-nu7p''i 30
ported '^-the inhabitants-'^ to Assyria.
"rj^jp^'l inrT'p:'T inij;'! m^^p-i-jp npEj
30Hoshea son of Elah conspired against Pekah
son of Remaliah, attacked him, and killed him. :n'jTy-]3 nnl'''? nnu/y nw:2. vnnn
He succeeded him as king in the twentieth year D^n nu/y -iu;k-'7Di npQ-nn^ '^n^>^ 31
of Jotham son of Uzziah. îThe other events of

Pekah's reign, and all his actions, are recorded Q : bK']p''
in the Annals of the Kings of Israel.
"^bp ^r^^b)2'l-]^3. npQ'7 D:'nu7 riJU7:n32

32In the second year of King Pekah son of
Remaliah of Israel, Jotham son of King Uzziah
'^ n'7)3 1'. 24.
d-d Heb. "them." ^^ ^"7)3 I'. 28.
813
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 15.32 ^v n D''D'7n n-'K-'ij
of Judah became king. -^-^He was twenty-five

years old when he became king, and he reigned
sixteen years in Jerusalem; his mother's name
was Jerusha daughter of Zadok. -^-iHe did what
vnK nwvnwK "733 np-' irv^
in^'ji;
was pleasing to the Lord, just as his father Uz-
Dynily no i<b hlnnn pi 35 ntpy :
ziah had done. -^5However, the shrines were not

removed; the people continued to sacrifice and
ms Kin nljpn^ nnupm D^nnin
make offerings at the shrines. It was he who built
the Upper Gate of the House of the Lord. 36The nînriD nn-Kb'n nu;v "i^^ Q^'i"' "'"'.^"^
other events of Jotham's reign, and all his ac- -.nyin-^ ^:^bi2b D-inpn^T "i3p-'7V
tions, are recorded in the Annals of the Kings wbpnb mrr' bnn ann D"')p^3 37
of Judah. -^"In those days, the Lord began to in-
npEi HKT DiK 'r\br2 ]''y-i ni^n-'n
cite King Rezin of Aram and Pekah son of
Remaliah against Judah. -''^Jotham slept with his
fathers, and he was buried with his fathers in
the city of his ancestor David; his son Ahaz suc-

ceeded him as king.
16 In the seventeenth year of Pekah son of IV

Remaliah, Ahaz son of King Jotham of Judah ]br2 ni"'-]3 thk q'??p in"'^'p?3-!-]3
became king. -Ahaz was twenty years old when

he became king, and he reigned sixteen years
-i<b) '7u;n"'3 "q^n mu; niU/y-u/wi
in Jerusalem. He did not do what was pleasing
1)13 T'n'7K mn-' •'rvn if^ri nwv
to the Lord his God, as his ancestor David had
done, 3but followed the ways of the kings of Is-
mi bK-w^, ^2b)2 "q"!!:? i^''T3 .v:iK
rael. He even consigned his son to the fire, in Dûn ninyns u;k3 "i^nyn m-nK
the abhorrent fashion of the nations which the "jn 'JQD nnx m.n*' u/nln ^^\ui<.
Lord had dispossessed before the Israelites. •'He -S'vi nimn -lyp:""! n^v)-* :'7><1^''
sacrificed and made offerings at the shrines, on :jjy"! y^'b3 nnni nivnan
the hills, and under every leafy tree.
5Then King Rezin of Aram and King Pekah

son of Remaliah of Israel advanced on Jerusa-
nv3^ :nn'pn'7 i'^d^ k^t TnN-b'v nyî
lem for battle. They besieged Ahaz, but could
not overcome [him]. Ât that time King Rezin
'n'7"'N-nK D-jN-q'pa i^y") n^wn K"'nn
of Aram recovered Elath for Aram;" he drove

out the Judites from Elath, and Edomites came
to Elath and settled there, as is still the case. D :nTn m^n ly
"Ahaz sent messengers to KingTiglath-pileser
of Assyria to say, "I am your servant and your
"
a Emendation yicldi 'Edom.
814
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 16.16 TU n ''D'7n D^K-'nj
son; come and deliver me from the hands of the

king of Aram and from the hands of the king "JIK THK niP^TS r^'py ^''plpn bk'W''
of Israel, who are attacking me." Âhaz took the
gold and silver that were on hand in the House
q^p^ nbxui^ 'n'ppri n^n ni-iyxnT
of the Lord and in the treasuries of the royal
palace and sent them as a gift to the king of
Assyria. 9The king of Assyria responded to his
request; the king of Assyria marched against :n''pri i^y-i-nKi htj? n^pi
Damascus and captured it. He deported îts nbm riKnpV" tpik ii^pn 'q'p^'iio
inhabitants-^ to Kir and put Rezin to death.
1 owhen King Ahaz went to Damascus to greet •q^pn ^nb\Ij'>^ pt^pis "iu;k nntpri
King Tiglath-pileser of Assyria, he saw the altar
n^Tpri mp"i-nK ]n3ri nniK-'7K inx
in Damascus. King Ahaz sent the priest Uriah
]n''"!ii :^niuvi2-b2b inmri-nK')
a sketch of the altar and a detailed plan of its
construction, 'The priest Uriah did just as King

i
-"1U7K "733 n^Tpn-nK ]n3rT nnix
Ahaz had instructed him from Damascus; the nn^K ntz;y ]3 ptz/p^p thk "q^pn^nû;
priest Uriah built the altar before King Ahaz re- :ptz;p^p TpK-^^^pn Kl3-nv ]ri3rT
turned from Damascus. '2When the king re- -riK "^br^ri Kn^.T pti/p^p '^b'k'ri xnî 12
turned from Damascus, and when the king saw bvl^ n3TprT-'7V -q^pn inp^'T nsTprr
the altar, the king drew near the altar, ascended ijinjp-nx') inyy-nx nupiiii^ n-.^^
it, iând offered his burnt offering and meal
D-ip^ti/n-D-i-nK p'npi laprriK qD^'i
offering; he poured his libation, and he dashed
nnipn nk^l^ mnmn-b'v 1^""iu;k
the blood of his offering of well-being against
the altar. '-Âs for the bronze altar which had

hxp î.p!'"! "np"' ^:^b lyjK nu/'n^n
been before the Lord, he moved it from its place mn^ n^3 iînpT niiTpn pnp n:'iirT ^ja
in front ofthe Temple, f-between the [new] altar :miQ^ nnmn '^')'';bv inx ]riî
and the House of the Lord,'^ and placed it on

the north side of the [new] altar. 'SAnd King -lupn bî^ri n3T)3ri bv i^K'7 ]n3rT
Ahaz commanded the priest Uriah: "On the
-jiKT nnyn nnjp-nKinpnn-n^V-nx
great'' altar you shall offer the morning burnt
"Vs pib'v n^y
nxf Ihnjp-riKT ^"ppn
offering and the evening meal offering and the
uj-b^) nn"'3pJi DnnjpT Vl^^n ay
king's burnt offering and his meal offering, with
the burnt offerings of all the people of the land,
nnrm p'-ijn vbv n^ruTb:^'] nb'v
their meal offerings and their libations. And
against it you shall dash the blood of all the :TnK Ti'ppri niYn\i7K "733 ]rT3ri
burnt offerings and all the blood of the

sacrifices. And I will decidei- about the bronze
altar."'' 'Ûriah did just as King Ahaz com-
manded.
b-b Heb. "it."

d I.e., the new one.
e I.e., the old one, cf. v. 14.
;i5
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 16.17 TU nD"'3'7a D^K^HJ
'''King Ahaz cut off the insets — the laver
stands —and removed the lavers from them.

He also removed the tank from the bronze
oxen that supported it and set it on a stone
pavement — 'ôn account of the king of Assyria. /
nu/K nny;n "^pin id^kitik"i i« -.u^nK

He also extended to the House of the Lord 'the
sabbath passage that had been built in the palace
and the king's outer entrance.' nwK ']br2 'jQnnp^ n-in npn
''^The other events of Ahaz's reign, and his nn-K"?:! nti/y -iu;k thk nn^ "^n^^ ly
actions, are recorded in the Annals of the Kings •"^br^b a-iap nnT "iap-'7i7 n-'nin?
of Judah. -OAhaz slept with his fathers and was
buried with his fathers in the City of David; his
son Hezekiah succeeded him as king.
Q tvnnn
17 in the twelfth year ofKing Ahaz of Judah, T|^)p thk"? nnu/y wnvj niw:i I
Hoshea son of Elah became king over Israel in ]l-))p'u;n n'7K"l^ i^în "1^73° niin;"
Samaria — for nine years. ^He did what was dis- ynn wv".!^ :U^)\u v\un bK-w'>-b)j
pleasing to the Lord, though not as much as
nu7K bk-)\u-> ^D^ns i ^pyn
the kings of Israel who preceded him. ^King
q'pn "ipKJ)p'7\i7 r[bv vbv ^ : V2^b vn
Shalmaneser marched against him, and Hoshea
became his vassal and paid him tribute. ^But the
^b 2wi) inv V\z;in i^'^'H"') "nii^K
king of Assyria caught Hoshea in an act of

treachery: he had sent envoys to King So of "T|^p Klp-'7K b"'DK'7n nbvJ IWK
Egypt, and he had not paid the tribute to the '}Wi< •q'pD'7 nnj?3 n'7yn-K'7T nn.YD
king of Assyria, as in previous years. And the
king of Assyria arrested him and put him in

-nii7K-q'7)p bv'>^j :k'73 n'>^ inipK:'"!
prison. SThen the king of Assyria marched
n-'^y nyii ]innu; "^v^T y")Kn-'733
against the whole land; he came to Samaria and
yii/in^ n'^vwnn njw^ ^ -.
d^ju; \L;b\L;
besieged it for three years. În the ninth year of
Hoshea, the king of Assyria captured Samaria. -riK by'^ ]inp'\f;-nK -nwN-'q^p i^b
He deported the Israelites to Assyria and settled n'pnn dhk :im niiWK bi<.iiu->
them in Halah, at the [River] Habor, at the River

Gozan, and in the towns of Media.
^This happened because the Israelites sinned
nyn yiKp bn'K nbvr^ri DnTl'7K
against the Lord their God, who had freed them
INT"'"! nnyp-^^n nyi3 t; nnnn
from the land of Egypt, from the hand of Phar-
nmr\ mpnn id'7''v :DnnK dti^k
aoh king of Egypt. They worshiped other gods
'7K-IU7-' ij^ ""JBD mn"" \u•'•^^^^ -iwk
"and followed the customs of the nations which
the Lord had dispossessed before the Israelites
/ I.e., betutise of the melal pven him in tribute.

NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 17.19 na"'3'7)3 n^K^j
and the customs which the kings of Israel had

practiced. "^The IsraeUtes committed" against
the Lord their God acts which were not right:
They built for themselves shrines in all their set-

iny:ilio :nyn)p n^y-iy nnyu bjmri
tlements, from watchtowers to fortified cities;
n^:irb:2 bv nniyKi nin^jp nn^
lothey set up pillars and sacred posts for them-
selves on every lofty hill and under every leafy
nu7-nui7"'T 11 : ]1V'^ ^^-"73 nnni nriiy.
tree; i
'and they offered sacrifices there, at all the mn'' n'7^n-iu;K nÛ3 nl)3n-'7D:n
shrines, like the nations whom the Lord had D^VDn^ n^VI °''"!^1 i^vi'T DrT'jQn
driven into exile before them. They committed npK nu7K D-''7'7ArT Trnyîi i^ :n]n^-nK
wicked acts to vex the Lord, i2and they wor- : HTn nn-in-riK wvn k^ wnh mrT>
shiped fetishes concerning which the Lord had
said to them, "You must not do this thing."
*in\z;° i)3K'7 nTn-'73 'k-'nj iK^nrb's
i3The Lord warned Israel and Judah by every
'nipn •'niYp nnu/i b-ivii^ Q.3"'Di"i)p
prophet [and] every seer, saying: "Turn back
from your wicked ways, and observe My com- np^nnK-riK n-'iY "iu;k nnlnrT-'7D3
mandments and My laws, according to all the
Teaching that I commanded your fathers and -nx wp"!) ^vpvj k^TH :n''K"'n3n
that I transmitted to you through My servants ^rr^KT} i<b nu7K nninK cîi/a bany
the prophets." i^But they did not obey; they
v^n-nx ipKp='ii5 :Dn"'ri'7K mn^'n
stiffened their necks, like their fathers who did
nKi DJilnKTiK n"!3 n\i7K innn-nKi
not have faith in the Lord their God; isthey
spurned His laws and the covenant that He had
nu7K hÛT\ nnK") ^birl'>^ bînri
made with their fathers, and the warnings He
had given them. They went after delusion and •iri^n^ nn'K h)r['> my "iu/k nnn''np
were deluded; [they imitated] the nations that niy)p-'73-nK inTy'''!i6 :Dri3 nwv
were about them, which the Lord had for- u->w nspjp nnb wv"^) Dmribx mn"'
bidden them to emulate, i^fhey rejected all
the commandments of the Lord their God;

:'7y3n-nK nny;'! n^r2\uri KnY-'7D^
they made molten idols for themselves —two bri'inlJ^-riKi on^jn-nK n''ny='T°i7
calves — and they made a sacred post and they
wnr^ D"')pDp inDpî u;k3
nauni'i
bowed down to all the host of heaven, and they
worshiped Baal. '^They consigned their sons :1p''V3n'7 mn"' ^rvn i/nn nw^b
and daughters to the fire; they practiced augury u'lv^>^ bk'}\u^::i iKjp mn^ qiKri'Ti^
and divination, and gave themselves over to mini unu; pn "ik^J kb v;b '7yj3
what was displeasing to the Lord and vexed ^':nn^

Him. i*^The Lord was incensed at Israel and He mn^ niyp-riK 'mq\u kb nmn"'-nai9
banished them from His presence; none was left
but the tribe of Judah alone.
'9Nor did Judah keep the commandments of wnm 'W V. 13.
817
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 17.19 nD"'3'7)3 D^K^DJ
the Lord their God; they followed the customs

that Israel had practiced. -"So the Lord spurned
all the offspring of Israel, and He afflicted them
and delivered them into the hands of plunder-
^D"'^)p;'i 1)1 n"":! '7VP '^Klt^"' i^'li?"'? ''
ers, and finally He cast them out from His

presence.
-'For Israel broke away from the House of

David, and they made Jeroboam son of Nebat
king. Jeroboam caused Israel to stray from the
Lord and to commit great sin, --and the Isra- -riK mn;' "i^pn—i\z;n iif'-i :m)37p
elites persisted in all the sins which Jeroboam -73 T3 lil nU7K3 PJQ b}J72 ^Klp'',
had committed; they did not depart from them.
- Hn the end, the Lord removed Israel from His
D : HTH nvri IV r[j\^K inniK
presence, as He had warned them through all
His servants the prophets. So the Israelites were

deported from their land to Assyria, as is still
the case.
"riK w^"^}, '7K"itz;"' ^J3 nnn jlnpy

--iThe king of Assyria brought [people] from n^nnn "'n-'^s :nnv3 nu/"! ]i-inu;
Babylon, Cuthah, Awa, Hamath, and Sephar-
vaim, and he settled them in the towns of Sa-
nixin T'n;'"] nlhKn-nK bnn mn""
maria in place of the Israelites; they took pos-
naK"? -n\:7K 'q'pn'? nnk^v^ :Dri3
session of Samaria and dwelt in its towns.
25When they first settled there, they did not wor-
ship the Lord; so the Lord sent lions against yiKH ''TibK usu/D-nx ivt i(b
-nb\LJ'>]
them which killed some of them. -^They said DniK a''ri''n)p mm

nlnKn-nK dii
to the king of Assyria: "The nations which you
deported and resettled in the towns of Samaria
do not know the rules of the God of the land;
n)3U7 iD^Vn inK'? -n\:JK--]'pn ^'^''^'-^
therefore He has let lions loose against them

which are killing them — for they do not know
'rf'7K UQU/pTIK DTI i^W "i?^^!
^^P''.'\
the rules of the God of the land."
27The king of Assyria gave an order: "Send
there one of the priests whom you have de-
ported;
teach
let
them
him'' go and dwell
the practices of the
there, and
God of the land."
let him T'nî 29 :mn''-nK ikt? W °^^
2«So one of the priests whom they had e.xiled
from Samaria came and settled in Bethel; he

taught them how to worship the Lord. -"^How-
ever, each nation continued to make its own
b Hcb. "them." 1 K'yn

NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 17.41 n D^^'^n a-'K^nj
gods and to set them up in the cult places which

had been made by the people of Samaria; each •u/JKi 30 : u]ij D'lnu;'"' DPI "iii/K nnnvB
nation them up] towns which
[set in the in
m^-'U/JKi niJ3 ni3p-nK wv b±:i
lived. 3oxhe Babylonians made Succoth-
it
nx wv nnn "'U^jki '^'AirriK wv
benoth, and the men of Cuth made Nergal, and
the men of Hamath made Ashima, -"^land the
-riKi Tpnj w^ n^^vmsi :K)3"'\^k
A^^dtes made Nibhaz and Tartak; and the Se-
pharvites burned their children [as offerings] to
Adrammelech and Anamelech, the gods of mnTfiK "'KT vrl''^ 32 : nînDp nnsu
Sepharvaim. 32They worshiped the Lord, but Tin"! nlnn -"jhs anlYpn nn^ iu;y:i'!
they also appointed from their own ranks mn-i-nKss :nl)3nrT nm urjb wp'v
priests of the shrines, who officiated for them
DnnV vri bn"'r1'7K-njs;i d^kt vn
in the cult places. -'^-'^They worshiped the Lord,
while serving their own gods according to the
practices of the nations from which they had
D^p5\z;?33 U'>Wv nn n-rn i^n "ly^-*
been deported. 34To this day, they follow their

former practices. They do not worship the Lord
[properly]. They do not follow the laws and
practices, the Teaching and Instruction that the mn"" nip"! 35 :'7K"it7i ijpu; ntpnii/K
Lord enjoined upon the descendants of Ja-
^Kn^n Kb nnK^? diyî nnn Dnx
cob —who was given the name Israel — ^^wath
Kb) urjb ^^r\r\\un-i<b^ nnriK "'rf'^K
whom He made a covenant and whom He com-
manded: "You shall worship no other gods; you
-DK ^3 36 -.wnb innrn kî nnnyn
shall not bo^v down to them nor ser\'e them nor Y^Kri a^riK nb^j^r) nu/K nin^-riK
sacrifice to them. -^^You must worship only the

Lord your God, who brought you out of the :in3Tri 1^1 iinni;;ri ^b^ ixn^n
land of Egypt with great might and with an out-
stretched arm: to Him alone shall you bow ]npU7ri Db' nn3 iu/k ni2;?3m
down and to Him alone shall you sacrifice. wribK iK-i^n nwvh
i<.b^ u^pi'n-b:^
^^You shall observe faithful!}', all your days, the
DDriK ^nn3-"iu;K nn3rTi38 :annK
laws and the practices; the Teaching and In-
struction that I*^ wrote down for you; do not
:DnnK n"'rT'7K iK^ri k^t ^nsu/n k"?
worship other gods. ^^Do not forget the cove- K^ni iKi^n n^^'ri^K mn^-nK-DK ip 39
nant that I made with you; do not worship other k'7140 :n3"'n^K-'73 T'n D^nx b'>'î
gods. 39Worship only the Lord your God, and
He will save you from the hands of all your en- D^Kn.-' r[bkr\ wuri 1
i^nî-ii -.u^p'v
emies." 40But they did not obey; they continued
nnny vri DrT'''7''p3-nK"i nin^-nx
their former practices. 4iThose nations wor-
itz/y "nu7K3 Dryn ^n^ dh-'jb-da 1
shiped the Lord, but they also sers'ed their idols.

3 : n-TH uvn IV uwv an nnnx
To this day their children and their children's
children do as their ancestors did.
c Heb. "He.'
;i9
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 18.1 m 2 D"'3'7)3 D''K-'33
18 In the third year of King Hoshea son of

Klah of Israel, Hezekiah son of King Ahaz of Ju- TnK-]n n'jpTn "^"^d '7K"iu;"' "^'pn n'^K
dah became king. -He was twenty-five years old
salem twenty-nine years; his mother's name was

:nn3T-n5 'ik 1)3k du/t a'7u;n''n
Abi" daughter of Zechariah. ^He did what was
-iu;k "733 mn"' ""rvî "lu/^n ^V';^.^
pleasing to the Lord, just as his father Da-
vid had done. '*He abolished the shrines and "HK -i^pn I Kin-! .v':iK n.i ntz;y
smashed the pillars and cut down the sacred

post. He also broke into pieces the bronze ser-
pent that Moses had made, for until that time -"jn vr\ nDnn n^n^n-iy '3 nu/n
the Israelites had been offering sacrifices to it;
it was called Nehushtan. ^He trusted only in the

-iih inriKi nyii '7K-iu/T-'i1'7K mn^n ^
Lord the God of Israel; there was none like him

vr\ -lU/KT •r['r\r['',
ip'pjp "^bn ^ri•n^2 n^ri
among all the kings of Judah after him, nor
among those before him. f^He clung to the Lord; innK)? "ip-k'7 r[\r\^:i p^Tl^ ^'"'iî^
he did not turn away from following Him, but -riK mn;' niy-~iu;K i^nivn inu;"!
kept the commandments that the Lord had Kî'-nu/K "733 1)3V n-in^ n-ini " : nu/b
given to Moses. ''And the Lord was always with
him; he was successful wherever he turned. He n-Tvnv "'nu;'75-nK nsn-Kin
rebelled against the king of Assyria and would
"vv-^v DnÛ bjm-r2 r\^b^':\mK^
not serve him. **He overran Philistia as far as
Q : -1^3)3
Gaza and its border areas, from watchtower to
fortified town. '^'^'I'p-'^-^
'^^^ ri"'V^3in nj\i/3 ^f\^y
9In the fourth year of King Hezekiah, which

was the seventh year of King Hoshea son of Elah
of Israel, King Shalmaneser of Assyria marched *ni3'7''Ti" 'r^'hv ly"^! \rMfiw-bv
against Samaria and besieged it, '"and he'' cap- rv;p\vh u;u;-nj\:73 w^w ^bw nypn
tured it at the end of three years. In the sixth
year of Hezekiah, which was the ninth year of

-riK "n\^K-q^p b'p^ •
' : "["nyw Trr^bi
King Hoshea of Israel, Samaria was captured;
nl3n3i n|7n3 unyl^ n-ii\i7K bvp^yj'*,
'
'and the king of Assyria deported the Israelites
to Assyria. He '-settled them in' Halah, along
-iib iu;k I bv\'~ injp nvT ]m nnj
the Habor [and] the River Gozan, and in the -HK n3V'''i i3n"'n'7K mn-" '7'ip3 ^vm)
towns of Media. '-[This happened] because mn^ i3i; nu/'n niy ~i^^''^3 riN in''-i3
they did not obey the Lord their God; they D -.wv i<hy ivnu; l<b^
transgressed His covenant — all that Moses the
servant of the Lord had commanded. They did
not obey and they did not fulfill it.
"
a 2 Chron. 29. 1 reads "Abijah. T'R'' pu/b mpijn "inK nou^
b So some mss. and ancient versions: most mss. and cditiom read
"they.
"
c-c Lit. "led them to.
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 18.22 n^ :: 'D'773 'K-'n:
i3In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah,

King Sennacherib of Assyria marched against
all the fortified towns of Judah and seized them. n'?u;''ii4 :Dtz;Qn''i ninYnn nnin^
i^King Hezekiah sent this message to the king
of Assyria at Lachish: "I have done wrong; with-

draw from me; and I shall bear whatever you
mii^K-q^n Dtz7î Kji7K "bv jJirinu/K
impose on me." So the king of Assyria imposed
upon King Hezekiah of Judah a payment of nlK)3 ^b^jj nnin^-^'7)p T[i'p\n-bv
three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents jri'iis :nrTT -133 w^pb^^ c^p3-n33
of gold. i5Hezekiah gave him all the silver that
was on hand in the House of the Lord and in
the treasuries of the palace. iÂt that time Hez-

-riKi mn^ '73"'n nln'p'i-nK n^prn
ekiah cut down the doors and the doorposts'^
ni^n;" ^"pp n^pm nay -iu;k nlJUKn
of the Temple of the Lord, which King Heze-
3 :-nwK '^rib njrT'T
kiah had overlaid [with gold], and gave them
to the king of Assyria.
-riKi jrnn-riK mii^K-Ti'pp n'pu/"! 17
i^But the king of Assyria sent ''-the Tartan, the -^K ^î:h-V^ npuz-ni-riKi 1 Dno-nn
Rabsaris, and the Rabshakeh-f from Lachish ^'747;') D^^\i7n^ 133 ^\n3 in=î?Tn "î^n
with a large force to King Hezekiah in Jerusa-
lem. They marched up to Jerusalem; and when n^pJ33 -wi^ T[ivbvr\ n3-i3n h'7i7n3
they arrived, they took up a position near the
KY"! T]^?3ri-b'K m-lp'-lis :D3l3 HltZ/
conduit of the Upper Pool, by the road of the
-bv nu/K in^p'7n-'[3 n^'p^b'K Dri'7K
Fuller's Field. i^Theysummoned the king; and
Eliakim son of Hilkiah, who was in charge of
iqDK-]3 nKl-ii "isDn nnu/T n:'3ri
the palace, Shebna the scribe, and Joah son of :'T'3T)3ri
Asaph the recorder went out to them. -'7K KrnjpK npuz-nn bn'pK "inKî 19
1
9The Rabshakeh said to them, "You tell Hez- •q^n bT[}n q^p'sn n5?K"n3 in'jpTn
ekiah: Thus said the Great King, the King of As- :nny3 nu/K mn jinunn nn ^\'^k
syria: What makes you so confident? ôyou
nnn^T nyy ainDt:;—i3T"qK >n)bK2o
must think that mere talk is counsel and valor
nTTQ nnun ^rrbv nnv npn^)?^
\3
for war! Look, on whom are you relying, that
^nivMjyybv "^^ ^nu3 mn nny2i 03
you have rebelled against me? 21 You rely, of all
'qpo;' 'WK nny)p-'7y nrn y^^^nn ni[?ri
things, on Egypt, that splintered reed of a staff,
which enters and punctures the palm of anyone nV"!3 ]3 n3i7JT 1333 K3T vbv ^VJî<.
who leans on it! That's what Pharaoh king of -•'3122 :vb^ D''nU3rT-^3'7 nYJD-Tl^p
Egypt is like to all who rely on him. 22And if you ijny3 iJ"'n'7K n]n^-'7K ^% jnnKn
me that you are relying on the Lord your
tell
-jiK inî?Tn "Tipn nu/K KirT-Kl'7ri
God, He is the very one whose shrines and altars
niin"''? nwK^T vrinsTp-nKT T'n'>33
Hezekiah did away with, telling Judah and Je-
nnn\:;n nfn n3T)3n ^^^3^7 ub\u^^b^
rusalem, 'You must worship only at this altar
d Meaning ofHeb. uncertain,

e-e Assyrian titles.
821
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 18.22 n"" :2 '3'7)3 D-'K-'lJ
in Jerusalem.' 23Come now, make this wager

with my master, the king of Assyria: I'll give you
two thousand horses if you can produce riders
to mount them. 24So how could you refuse any-

•inv nnK ripD 'is riK nû/n tjikt 24
thing even to the deputy of one of my master's

n^'iY'12-bv ^-!\b nunrii n-'ûpn 'Jik
lesser servants, relying on Egypt for chariots and
•ly^nnn nnv-^ :D"'w-iq'7t n^-i.^
horsemen? --''And do you think have marched
I
against this land to destroy it without the Lord? innu;n'7 njn Dlj7K3n-'7V 'n"'5?V ^1'^?
The Lord Himself told me: Go up against that riK-Tn ynKH-"?!; nbv ''7K "idk )i)rT>
land and destroy it." :nrT'nwrn

-<Êliakim son of Hilkiah, Shebna, and Joah
replied to the Rabshakeh, "Please, speak to your
^^•iny-b'K Kr"i3i np\z;-n-!-'7K nkv)
servants in Aramaic, for we understand it; do
not speak to us in Judean in the hearing of the
-bv ~iu;k nyn 'jmn nnin;' \mv
people on the wall." -"But the Rabshakeh an-
bvri npuz-n"! nri'>'7K 'M2i<^^ 27 : nn'nn
swered them, "Was it to your master and to you
that my master sent me to speak those words? -riK -liii^ •'JiK ""Jnû; T'^kt Tpi<-
It was precisely to the men who are sitting on nwzKn-bv i(br\ h^kh Dnn"iri
the wall —who will have to eat their dung and Dnnn-riK '7'DK^ nnnn-'^v D^nu/'^rT
drink their urine with you." -**And the Rab- "')3"')3 Dn^riz/^nK n^n\ub^ dhkIy
shakeh stood and called out in a loud voice in
npuz-nn iny:'}^^ -^^^V ^^^b^•^
ludean: "Hear the words of the Great King, the
ink^T i^TI rinin;" '7l-;r'7lpn k-ji?''!
King of Assyria. 29Thus said the king: Don't let
:-)WK "^b-g bM^ri ^br2rl-'^2l lypu;
Hezekiah deceive you, for he will not be able
to deliver you from my/ hands. -""'Don't let Hez- in=ji7Tn wjb KwybK "^br^n "iJpK ri329
ekiah make you rely on the Lord, saying: The :*1"i^)p D^riK '^"'^n';^ "^^T" i<b-^3
Lord will surely save us: this city will not fall mn''-'7K in^ptn d^hk nun:'-'7Ki3o
into the hands of the king of Assyria. ^'Don't ]nm i<b^ mn-" ij'?-'^^ b^Ti inK"?
listen to Hezekiah. For thus said the king of As-
syria: Make your peace with me and come out
]br2 -1J3K nb '"'3
iniprn-b'K ^v•n^jn
to me,i' so that you may all eat from your vines
and your fig trees and drink water from your
^b2K^) ">% my^ hDin -"nK-û/y mii^K
cisterns, -^-until I come and take you away to a
land like your own, a land of grain [fields] and

vineyards, of bread and wine, of olive oil and
honey, so that you may live and not die. Don't
listen to Hezekiah, who misleads you by saying. nitpn-na ^n^ptrr'^K iy)pu;n-'7KT innn
The Lord will save us.' 33Did any of the gods
'72<nn-v' -.^^b''^'! mn"" "irzKb b^riK
of other nations save his land from the king of
Assyria? ^
'Where were the gods of Hamath and
i^n lYiK-riK Wi<. nmn ^ribi<, ^b^^^[
"n'o- iriK ncua

/ So several mss. and ancient versions; nwst mss. ami cililions read
"his."
jt I.e.. to my representative the Rabshakeh.

NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 19.7 u^ 1 D"'Db')3 DiKinj
Arpad? Where were the gods of Sepharvaim, iQ-iKT nnn •'n'7K "n^K 34 nwK ^bri
Hena, and Iwah? [And] did they'' save Samaria
from me? 35Which among all the gods of [those] 'p35
•'ri'7K-'7D:a :->yy2 pIpU/TlK
countries saved their countries from me, that
the Lord should save Jerusalem from me?"
36But the people were silent and did not say a

word in reply; for the king's order was: "Do not
answer him." 37And so Eliakim son of Hilkiah,
who was in charge of the palace, Shebna the •bi^-wiJK n^p^n-]^ ti"'p^'?K K'n^T37
scribe, and Joah son of Asaph the recorder came tqDK-]^ nkv) nQon Kbu;i n;"??!"
to Hezekiah with their clothes rent, and they re- npi n"'"in 'vnp in^pTn-'7K '^^^T)3^T
ported to him what the Rabshakeh had said.
19 When King Hezekiah heard this, he rent ..U''

his clothes, and covered himself with sackcloth, : np;' JT'n Khî pti^n vpn'>) viAn-riK
and went into the House of the Lord. 2He also
n"'iirT-'7V""i^K ''i7^'7K-nK nû;''f2
sent Eliakim, who was in charge of the palace,
n"'jn'3n 'jpT hxi nQon KJn\î
Shebna the scribe, and the senior priests, cov-
-]^ K^n^n inw"'-'7K n-'pti/n 'oariD
ered with sackcloth, to the prophet Isaiah son
of Amoz. 3They said to him, "Thus said Heze-
in^pm npK n'3 vbK n^pK'^'i 3 : yipK
kiah: This day is a day of distress, of chastise- a njn nvn hykji nnîm nny-ni"'
ment, and of disgrace. ''The babes have reached

the birthstool, but the strength to give birth is
lacking." ^Perhaps the Lord your God will take

note of all the words of the Rabshakeh, whom
his master the king of Assyria has sent to blas-
nvn n^QJi nKU/ji ^^n''7K mn^ vpu;
pheme the living God, and will mete out judg-
ment for the words that the Lord your God has
: HKYp^n nnK\£7n
heard — if you will offer up prayer for the sur-
viving remnant."
5When King Hezekiah's ministers came to

Isaiah, Îsaiah said to them, "Tell your master nyj iD"!^ nu7K r\vio\LJ "iu/k bnn^n
as follows: Thus said the Lord: Do not be fright-
nn 13 ]nj 'ijn^ :iriK m\i7K-':]^p
ened by the words of blasphemy against Me that
i^ri^QHi iîK^ 3U71 nv^'Dp ypu/i
you have heard from the minions of the king
of Assyria. Î will delude'' him; he will hear a ru-
mor and return to his land, and I will make him

fall by the sword in his land."
h I.e., the gods of Samaria.
a-a I.e., the situation is desperate and we are at a loss,
h Lit. "put a spirit in."
823
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 19.8 na"'3'7)3 D->Kâj
8The Rabshakeh, meanwhile, heard that [the

king] had left Lachish; he turned back and : u/^D^n ypj ""B vr2\u -"b mn'7-'7V Dn'73
found the king of Assyria attacking Libnah. ''But 'ir2i<.b u;i3-T|'7)3 ni7n-in-'7K V)3U7^V'
[the king of Assyria] learned that King Tirhakah
of Nubia had come out to fight him; so he again
sent messengers to Hezekiah, saying, io"Tell this
to King Hezekiah of Judah: Do not let your God,

on whom you are relying, mislead you into in nu"n r[r\i<, -iu/k ^m'7k •^K\i7:'-'7K
thinking that Jerusalem will not be delivered

into the hands of the king of Assyria. "You 'nx nvr2]ij nnx mnn :"nwK
1
yourself have heard what the kings of Assyria nly"iKn-'7D'7 mwK 'd'?)? wv -iu;k
have done to all the lands, how they have an-
nihilated them; and can you escape? '^Were the

ITia-riK 'ninK innu; "iu;k D^Bn ^rf'^K
nations that my predecessors'" destroyed
:nti7K'7n3 -i\^K ]"fV"^P^ n^^'' 11^"-^^")
Gozan, Haran, Rc/cph, and the Beth-edenites
in Telassar — saved by their gods? •
'Where is the
king of Hamath? And the king of Arpad? And
the kings of Lair, Sepharvaim, Hena, and
Ivvah?" mn"' n^n bv"]) K-jp^'i a''DK'7?3n
^Hezekiah took the letter from the messen- Q :n}n^ ''jq'7 Miipm inwiQ""!
gers and read it. Hezekiah then went up to the
"1'ni<1^ n)r[-> ^2^b in^prn '^'psn"'! 1?
House of the Lord and spread it out before the

-nriK D"'n"i3n nu/T '^Kltz;"' ^ribii nim
Lord. 'SAnd Hezekiah prayed to the Lord and
"O Lord of Hosts, Enthroned on the Cher-
said,
nln^pa b':2b "î-^b h^ribKTi Kin
ubim! You alone are God of all the kingdoms

of the earth. You made the heavens and the ni73 vibW) ^"qjTK I mn^ nun i^ : yiKn
earth. 'f'O Lord, inclineYourearand hear; open nn^ riK v^b\u^ n>;~iT '^•^pv mn""
Your eyes and see. Hear the words that Sen- :^n D'Tl'^K qnn^ in'pu; -iu/k nnmp
nacherib has sent to blaspheme the living God!
-n\i7K ->2b)2 nnnn mn^ dj?pn i-
''True, O Lord, the kings of Assyria have an-

riK ijnji IS :Dy"iK-nKi DîiirT-nK
nihilated the nations and their lands, 'Sand have
"3 n)3n D"'rT'7K k'7'"'3 \:;k3 Dn"'rf'7K
committed their gods to the flames and have de-
stroyed them; for they are not gods, but man's : Dn3K:'i ]3KT yv Q'T^"''!.^ nu/i^w-DK
handiwork of wood and stone. '^But now, O n^p k: ijvu/in irn'7K mn*' nnv"' '^'
Lord our God, deliver us from his hands, and mn^ njiK ""s yiKri m3'7a)p-'73 lyT")
let all the kingdoms of the earth know that You D :^33'7 nTl'7K
alone, O Lord, are God." in^pTn-'7K yi?3K-]3 in^vi^"' nû/'vo
-"Then Isaiah son of Amoz sent this message
"iu;k bi<>iv;i -'TibK nin"" npK'ns "idk'?
to Hezekiah: "Thus said the Lord, the God of
n\:;K-T|'7a 3"in3p"'7K '>bK n'7'73nn
Israel: I have heard the prayer you have offered
c Lit. "fathen."
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 19.26 u-" n D"'Db'?3 D''K''n:)
to Me concerning King Sennacherib of Assyria.

2 iThis is the word that the Lord has spoken con-
cerning him:
i\b m:;b ^b nn
"Fair Maiden Zion despises you,
She mocks at you;

Fair Jerusalem shakes
Her head at you. :nbm^ nn

22Whom have you blasphemed and reviled? nrai nsin ""ptik 22
Against whom made loud your voice ^711? nijpnn ^r^-bv^

And haughtily raised your eyes?
^rv Dinn Kti/rri
Against the Holy One of Israel!
:'7Knu7T \u'\i'p-bv
23Through your envoys you have blasphemed
'^pK I riQnn ^T|iDK^)3 i''n23
my Lord.
Because you thought,
'Thanks to my vast chariotry,
It is I who have climbed the highest moun- ann ninp Ti^'^v 'jk
tains, X\nb "'pan;'
To the remotest parts of the Lebanon, vpK np'ip rinDKT

And have cut down its loftiest cedars.
vu/nn "ilnnp
Its choicest cypresses.
isfp nyp ]1^Jp HKlnKi
And have reached its ''-remotest lodge, -'^
•.'\b'n'i:2 nvi
'^Tts densest forest.-*^
24It is I who have drawn/and drunk the waters

of strangers;
I have dried up with the soles of my feet
All the streams of Egypt.' p'\r['ynb p\vp\LJ-i<br\25

25Have you not heard? Of old
I planned that very thing,
I designed it long ago.
And now have fulfilled it.
And it has come to pass,
Laying waste fortified towns
In desolate heaps. :nmn any
26Their inhabitants are helpless.
Dismayed and shamed. iU7n='i inn

They were but grass of the field
hiu; nu/y vri
And green herbage,
Grass of the roofs that is blasted
nQnu;i nik t-yii
Before the ^standing grain. -^
:n)pi7 ""JQ^
d-d Isa. 37.24 reads "highest peak."
e-e Lit. "Its farmland forest"; exact meaning of Hcb. uncertain, 'K ~\vn V. 25.
f Or "dug"; meaning ofHeh. uncertain.

825 g-g Emendation yields "east wind"; see note at Isa. 37.27.
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 19.27 v> H D"'3'7)3 •'K-'nj
271 know your stayings ^nnu/T 27
And your goings and comings, >nv]^ ^K'm "^nKYi

And how you have raged against Me. :"''7K ^Tnnn riKi
28Because you have raged against Me,
"pK "jirnnn ]V?.2«
And your tumult has reached My ears,
jTKn nbv "^JJKiî
I will place My hook in your nose
^sxn 'nn •nnU;")
And My bit between your jaws;
And will make you go back by
1 the road •^nDm nnm
By which you came.
:nn nK^-iu/K
2'^"And this is the sign for you:'' This year you
eat what grows of itself, and the next year what n-'SD m\£7n '7IDK niKn ^^-nn29
springs from that; and in the third year, sow and
n^^;•^b^Jrl m\i7ni \u^nv n^Jii/n nj\i;ni
reap, and plant vineyards and eat their fruit.
: DnQ I'ppKl D"'J3"!3 ^VPJT nYpT li/-)!
''"And the survivors of the House of Judah that
have escaped shall regenerate its stock below

and produce boughs above. :n^V^'? 'I? nii/yi nun'7 \ui\u
""For a remnant shall come forth from Jeru- nnKU7 KYn bû/TT'jp '331
salem,
Survivors from Mount Zion. [*niKnY] mn^ nxjp

The zeal of the Lord of Hosts
D :nKrnu;i7n
Shall bring this to pass.
32Assuredly, thus said the Lord concerning the

king of Assyria: riKTri T'yn-'^K K'n;" i<b
He shall not enter this city: yn uvj n'^v-i<b^
He shall not shoot an arrow at it.

Or advance upon it with a shield.
Or pile up a siege mound against it.
k;i^""iu;k "^"133 33
33He shall go back

By the way he came;
K'n^ Kb riK-Tn -i"'vn-'7KT
He shall not enter this city
— declares the Lord.
^-Î will protect and save this city for My sake.

And for the sake of My servant David." ''hvnb
:-'i3y n.T
35That night an angel of the Lord went out
and struck down one hundred and eighty-five r[]ni "^Kb-Q I
KYî Kinn n^^Vn '>TT>^ 3?
thousand in the Assyrian camp, and the fol-
lowing morning they were all dead corpses.

DnjiS n'73 n:im ip'^n m-iBw^T ^bi<
*''So King Sennacherib of Assyria broke camp
and retreated, and stayed in Nineveh. '-"While
"nwK'^'^^ ^^"injp 2Wi) "^b") vp"! 3'^
h I.e., llfxi-kiah.
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 20.11 3 nD-'D^^D Q^K^nj
he was worshiping in the temple of his god

Nisroch, his sons Adrammelech and Sarezer
struck him down with the sword. They fled to
y"iK û^jpj n)3rn ninn ^n^n [*Vjn]
the land of Ararat,
ceeded him as king.

and his son Esarhaddon suc-
3 : T'nnn m f-irmpK Tj^pî un-jK
20 In those days Hezekiah fell dangerously

ill. The prophet Isaiah son of Amoz came and
said to him, "Thus said the Lord: Set your affairs
in order, for you are going to die; you wiU not
T'jQ-nx np;'! 2 -.
ninri kî nriK np ^3
get well." 2Thereupon Hezekiah turned his face
n)2Kb mn^-'7K V'psnî "i-'i7n-'7K
to the wall and prayed to the Lord. He said,
3"Please, O Lord, remember how I have walked

"'nD'7nnn -)\ljk hk Krn^T nin"' nm 3
before You sincerely and wholeheartedly, and ^•'rv:? nluni u^w nn'pnT n)pK3 "^"'jq^
have done what is pleasing to You." And Hez-
ekiah wept profusely. "lyn -)^vn KY^ i]4
'iBefore Isaiah had gone out of the middle

court, the word of the Lord came to him: 5"Go
back and say to Hezekiah, the ruler of My peo-
^'>nvw -^^nx in ^^ribK n-in^ npK
ple: Thus said the Lord, the God of your father
David: I have heard your prayer, I have seen
your tears. I am going to heal you; on the third
day you shall go up to the House of the Lord. mu; nnu/y mn "^""i^ybv "'riQp'm6
6And I will add fifteen years to your life. I will T-vn nxi "^b^îi ^']WK-^by2 ^2)2^
also rescue you and this cit)' from the hands "Ji/p^ jiK'Tn '^-'V'n-bv ^'>n'\m nx-Tn
of the king of Assyria. I will protect this cit)'
for My sake and for the sake of My servant

David."
— "Then Isaiah said, "Get a cake of figs."
]'>n]uri-bv ^^nw1^ inpî 'JKn n^ni
And they got one, and they applied it to the rash,
and he recovered. — ^Hezekiah asked Isaiah,
"What is the sign that the Lord wlU heal me in^v^T ipK"!'^ :nrr[i^ n^n ''p^b\ijr[
and that I shall go up to the House of the Lord mn^ nu7i7T p r[)rT' nxp nixn "^^"nt
on the third day?" Îsaiah replied, "This is the ~iU7y b^ri "^bri -i^t nu/K nnin-riK
sign for you from the Lord that the Lord will
:nl'7y)p îuv ^wyuK n'\bvr2
ipK^l 10
do the thing that He has promised: Shall" the

nlî7p nt^y niuj"? "7:^^ '^pj in^pTn^
shadow advance ten steps or recede ten steps?"
:nl'7yp -it^v ri\in;nK "7^:7 mu;^ ^d k^
lOHezekiah said, "It is easy for the shadow to
nu;=;T nin^-'7K K^n|ri in^'yu/^ i<^,p''1'i
lengthen ten steps, but not for the shadow to
recede ten steps." ' iSo the prophet Isaiah called
3T13 n"?! Knp V. 37.
to the Lord, and He made the shadow which
a C/! Targum.
827
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 20.11 3 n n"'3'7D n-'K-'iJ
had descended on the dial'' of Ahaz recede ten

steps.
'-At that time, King Berodach-'baladan son ]ii^bi *"q"iKi3 nb\u K-inn ny^'^
ofBaladan of Babylon sent [envoys with] a letter
and a gift to Hezekiah, for he had heard about

iin;"!?!!! r[bn -"a vni^ ""a in'jpTn
Hezekiah's illness. '-^''-Hezekiah heard about
-"â-riK QK"!:?'! in^pm^nri'''?:/ vpif/"! '3
them-'' and he showed them all his treasure-
house — the the the

silver, and the gold, spices, nn-Tn-riKi qoan-riK ihb^ nn^j rr'n
fragrant oil —and armory, and everything

his nxT nlun ]nu; i riKi 'nu/nn-riKi
that was to be found in his storehouses. There vniYlK!! KYnj "lU/K-b'a riKT vb:^ n^n
was nothing in his palace or in all his realm that
Hezekiah did not show them. '4Then the
inw;" K'nî >' lnû;p)p"'73nT in^nn
:
prophet Isaiah came to King Hezekiah. "What,"

vbK lUK^'i in'jpTn "I'pjarT-bK K''n|ri
he demanded of him, "did those men say to
you? Where have they come to you from?"

"They have come," Hezekiah replied, "from a
npînn y^Kp in^pm nnKî ^^'pK wn^
far countr)', from Babylon." 'SNext he asked, ^n^nn ik-j nip -i)3k^T'' b;^^'i2 ik:i
"What have they seen in your palace?" And Hez- 'iT'nn "iu;k-'73 riK ^n^pin nnK"")
ekiah replied, "They have seen everything that
is in my palace. There was nothing in my store-

houses that I did not show them."
'^Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah, "Hear the
-"73 I Kti/JT b^K3 '^T mn'' :np'i
word of the Lord: '"A time is coming when eve-
r\lhing in your palace which your ancestors
have stored up to this day will be carried oft" to
Babylon; nothing will remain behind, said the ~IU7K "71)272 IK^"" "lU/K "^"'JID^T^ : ninT
Lord. 'Ând some of your sons, your own issue, '73"'ri3 D-'pnD vr(^ in;?"' np^ T'bm
whom you will have fathered, will be taken to ^r[^^pi-bi<, in^prn n)pK''i '^ I'^nn t|'773
serve as eunuchs in the palace of the king of Bab- mn^-in"i nlu

Kl'7n "i)3k"''1 n"i3i -iu;k
ylon." '"^Hezekiah declared to Isaiah, "The word
:"')3in njp'>, nnKT Dl^puz-DK
of the Lord that you have spoken is good." For
-lU/Ki iri-jinr'73'i in^prn n;i'i inî 20
he thought, "It means that f-safety is assured
for'' my time."
Kn^l n^VFiHTiKi nDnnn-riK nti/y
-"The other events of Hezekiah's reign, and

all his exploits, and how he made the pool and innin-' '3'7n'7 '•n^n nni nsp-'^v
the conduit and brought the water into the city,
are recorded in the Annals of the Kings of Judah. Q :vnnn ijn rwum
-'Hezekiah slept with his fathers, and his son
Manasseh succeeded him as king.
b Heb. "steps." A model oj it dial with sicpi hm /urn disiovcrcd

in Egypt,
"
c Several mss. and the parallel ha. .'9. / read "Merodiuli.
d-d Isa. i9.2 reads "Hezekiah was pleased by their coming.
e-e Lit. "there ihall be safety and faithfulness in."
828
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 21.12 K3 1 'd'?^ D-'K''nj
21
became
Manasseh was twelve years old when he
king, and he reigned fifty-five years in
KD
Jerusalem; his mother's name was Hephzibah.
2He did what was displeasing to the Lord, fol-
nu/K D'^BH nnylris riyi^ ipv:i ynn
lowing the abhorrent practices of the nations
that the Lord had dispossessed before the Is-
raelites. 3He rebuilt the shrines that his father
Hezekiah had destroyed; he erected altars for
Baal and made a sacred post, as King Ahab of

Israel had done. He bowed down to all the host
of heaven and worshiped them, ând he built nin^ npK h\^K mrr' n''n:a ri'nîm
altars for them in the House of the Lord, of
which the Lord had said, "I will establish My

-riu/n Q'^pwri Kny-'7D'7 nlnnm
name in Jerusalem." ^He built altars for all the
hosts of heaven in the two courts of the House

WriK "i"'nym6 :n]n"'-n"'5 nmn
of the Lord. ^He consigned his son to the fire;
D-'j'y^-'i niK ntz/yi u/nji ]pv) u/xn
he practiced soothsaying and divination, and mn;' 'pyn ynn nlu/y^ niinn
consulted ghosts and familiar spirits; he did
much that was displeasing to the Lord, to vex h"i^-'7K np"' -i)pK nu7K nîin nU/y
Him. 7The sculptured image of Asherah that he
made he placed in the House concerning which
n^'u/K hk'ip'> 'pnu7 ^b'3)2 '""nnnn iu;k
the Lord had said to David and to his son Sol-
^7^. Tjn^ tyijK kî s : a'piy'? "'pu/TiK
omon, "In this House and in Jerusalem, which
I chose out of all the tribes of Israel, I will es-
Dni^Kb' 'nrij "lU/K nrnKn-jn bk'^\I;^>
tablish My name forever. SAnd I will not again ~)\!jK ^"733 nw^jb n)p\:7i-nK 1 pn
cause the feet of Israel to wander from the land nn'K mynu/K nninn-b'DVT Dirriiv
that I gave to their fathers, if they will but nwjjp nyni'i lypu; kî 9 : nu/n "-^nv
faithfully observe all that I have commanded Tpu;nh\^K D^lan-jp vnn-riK niii/y^
them — all the Teachings with which My servant mn;' "isttio :'7K-iu;:' "'JS •'JSp mn^
Moses charged them." ^But they did not obey,
and Manasseh led them astray to do greater evil
ninv'nn niin-'-'q^p nm)2 n\bv
than the nations that the Lord had destroyed
before the Israelites. lOTherefore the Lord
spoke through His servants the prophets: '
i
"Be- D : T'b'iÂii niin^-riK-n^ Kpnn V2^b
cause King Manasseh of Judah has done these ^"jjn bk']p-> -'libif;. h)n'> "i??K"n3 ]'jb 12
abhorrent things — he has outdone in wicked-

ness all that the Amorites did before his
time —and because he led Judah to sin with his
fetishes, i2assuredly, thus said the Lord, the

God of Israel: am I going to bring such a disas-
829
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 21.12 K3 H D"'D'7)3 D^K-inj
ter on Jerusalem and Judah that both ears of
everyone who hears about it will tingle. 'Î will
"apply to Jerusalem the measuring line of Sa-

maria and the weights of the House of Ahab;"
nn)p hn'pyn-nK nnip^nii/KS n'i'u/n;'
I will wipe Jerusalem clean as one wipes a dish
and turns it upside down. '-Ând I will cast off
the remnant of My own people and deliver them

into the hands of their enemies. They shall be
plunder and prey to all their enemies '^because -]p ^n'K "'pyDD vr['>'\ îi^v:i ynn-nK
they have done what is displeasing to Me and lyi nnYja^p DninN iky^ iu/k uvn
have been vexing Me from the day that their fa- :n;Tn uvri
thers came out of Egypt to this day."
'^Moreover, Manasseh put so many innocent

r[pb TIB nbm-\^-nK KV?p"i\z;f<; "rv
persons to death that he filled Jerusalem [with
blood] from end to end —besides the sin he
committed in causing Judah to do what was dis-
pleasing to the Lord.
I'The other events of Manasseh's reign, and D-'iina Dn-K'7rT Kun iujk iriKurn
all his actions, and the sins he committed, are :n'v\r[^ '>:;ib)2b um^-n nni nQp-"?:;
recorded in the Annals of the Kings of Judah.
'**Manasseh slept with his fathers and was bur-
ied in the garden of his palace, in the gar-
den of Uzza; and his son Anion succeeded him

as king.
iÂmon was twenty-two years old when he

became king, and he reigned two years in Je- tyy".!^" :nnu^-]n ynn-nn hdWd
rusalem; his mother's name was Meshullemeth n\FJ>3 nwy nu7K3 mn^ ^rvî vin
daughter of Haruz of Jotbah. 20He did what was
displeasing to the Lord, as his father Manasseh
V2K T2V i\^K b-i^ÂrT-nK invi'T T-nx
had done. 21 He walked in all the ways of his fa-
ther, worshiping the fetishes which his father

had worshiped and bowing down to them. --He : nin^ ^-iin "^bri iib-] vriiK
forsook the Lord, the God of his fathers, and
did not follow the way of the Lord.
-Âmon's courtiers conspired against him;
and they killed the king in his palace. 24But the
.vr\nr\ in yiKn-oy
in''Û7K"'-nK
people of the land put to death all who had con-
spired against King Anion, and the people of
the land made his son Josiah king in his stead.
u-a I.e., I will bring ihc uinw fiilc upon il.
S3()
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 22.10 nD n D"'3b'?3 n-'K-'nj
25The other events of Amon's reign [and] his nn-K^n ntpy nu/K ]inK nni "in;'.') 25
actions are recorded in the Annals of the Kings
of Judah. 26He was buried in his tomb in the innnpn in'K

KTi;-]^2i -i':npî 26 ; ni^n"'
garden of Uzza; and his son Josiah succeeded
him as king.
22 Josiah was eight years old when he be-

came king, and he reigned thirty-one years in
Jerusalem. His mother's name was Jedidah

daughter of Adaiah of Bozkath. ^He did what
in 'TI.t'^^î "n^!''!
nin^ ""rv? '^)P1^
was pleasing to the Lord and he followed all
the ways of his ancestor David; he did not de-
viate to the right or to the left.
Hn the eighteenth year of King Josiah, the -]n in^VYK-]3 lû^Tix '^btp-n nbvj
king sent the scribe Shaphan son of Azaliah son nbv^ -.î^Kb mn"' it'b -iddh hb\ij)2
of MeshuUam to the House of the Lord, saying, -riK an;'! biiApi ]n3ri in^p'pn-'?^
4"Go to the high priest Hilkiah and let him iDpK n\^K nin-' n-''ii. xnijan t^Dsn
weigh" the silver that has been deposited in the
imrT'T mnii5 :Di;n nxn iqpn npt:;
House of the Lord, which the guards of the
n^nn "'ipQTpri n3K^?3ri '>pv I'i'bv
threshold have collected from the people. 5And
let it be delivered to the overseers of the work
^r[:^Kb)2ri ^p'vb Ih'K ijn^T mn^ iT'n
who are in charge at the House of the Lord, that :n^;nrT pin pfn"? mn^ n^nn Su/k
they in turn may pay it out to the workmen that nijp^'i aîiA"?! \p'7i w\u^nb(>
are in the House of the Lord, for the repair of :n"';nrT-nK pTn"? nynn 'jnKi b''vv
the House: 6to the carpenters, the laborers, and -bv ]n^r[ r]D3n nnx nu/ni'-x'? "^kj
the masons, and for the purchase of wood and
quarried stones for repairing the House. "How-

]^\LJ-bv ^bM^ri ]ri2ri in^p'pn n^K^s
ever, no check is to be kept on them for the silver
np"' n^nn ""riKyn nnlnn idd "isdh
that is delivered to them, for they deal honestly."
sThen the high priest Hilkiah said to the
]Qu;-'7K -iDDn-nK n^p^n ]n='i
scribe Shaphan, "I have found a scroll of the 'q^)3ri-'7K hs'Dn ]^\U Kn^T9 :inK-)p='i
Teaching in the House of the Lord." And iD'irin "inK^T nni 'T]'7?3ri-nK :l\uJ^
Hilkiah gave the scroll to Shaphan, who read imn'T rfin i<>^)2m îqDijrT-nK "^nny
it. 9The scribe Shaphan then went to the king n^n nnpSTpn nDK^jsn >pv i^-bv
and reported to the king: "Your servants have
'-inK'7 "^br^b ho'Dn ]Qu; -fii='T 10 : np"'
melted down the silver that was deposited in the
House, and they have delivered it to the over-
seers of the work who are in charge at the House

of the Lord." i^The scribe Shaphan also told the
a Meaning ofHeb. uncertain. Emendation yields "melt down, " cf. ^ t<br2 v. 2.
V. 9.
831
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 22.10 33 :i D"'D'7D D''K''nj
king, "The high priest Hilkiah has given me a
scroll"; and Shaphan read it to the king.

:"l'7)3n 'JQ'7
' 'When the king heard the words of the scroll
"iDp nn"i-nK v'nwD "'rr'}"
'n'?)3ri
of the Teaching, he rent his clothes. iÂnd the
q'pDn ly;'']'^ :T'iAî-nK i/np"-! n-iinn
king gave orders to the priest Hilkiah, and
]QU7-]3 ai7"'nK-nK') ]n3n n^jp^n-riK
to Ahikam son of Shaphan, Achbor son of
Michaiah, the scribe Shaphan, and Asaiah the
nQDn ]Qu; I riKT nb'in-i^ niîpvriK')
king's minister: '3"Go, inquire of the Lord on "id"? " -.^TiKb Ti'7)an-ini; nû/y fikt
my behalf, and on behalf of the people, and on

behalf of all )udah, concerning the words of this
scroll that has been found. For great indeed nni^j K^nnu/K nin*' nnn n^ni-">3
must be the wrath of the Lord that has been
kindled against us, because our fathers did not
mn3rT-'7DD nwvb nfn -iddh nni
obey the words of this scroll to do all that has
:ir'7y
been prescribed for us."
•''So the priest Hilkiah, and Ahikam, Achbor, nliipvi Qi^^nKT ]r\:2n ^r[ybn '^b'^) 14
Shaphan, and Asaiah went to the prophetess I nii/K HK^n^n r[ibr[-bi<, nju/yi jdu/t
Huldah — the wife of Shallum son of Tikvah son Dnînn nnw bn-in-jn nipn-jn ub\u
of Harhas, the keeper of the wardrobe —who
was living in Jerusalem in the Mishneh,'' and mn^ "i)pK-n'3 Dn^'7K nnK'ni '? iry^K
they spoke to her. '5She responded: "Thus said
nb\LJ-]\ui<. \uikb npK ^^']^'' ''li^^
the Lord, the God of Israel: Say to the man who
sent you to me: i^Thus said the Lord: am going I
K"'n)3 'ijn nin^ ipx na 'f'
: "'^k n^riK
to bring disaster upon this place and its inhab- riK i\nu;^-'7yT n^n Dip)3n-'7K ny-j
itants, in accordance with all the words of the : nnin^ î^p K")i7 "iu/k nson nni-'^s
scroll which the king of Judah has read. '''Be- n''rT'7K'7 'npi?''} ""JinTi; "iu;k i nnn 17
cause they have forsaken Me and have made nti/yn Vdiq ""Jp-iVDrT ]vhb nnnK
offerings to other gods and vexed Me with all
k^l HTn Dlpjpn 'nnn nriYJi nn^T
their deeds, My wrath is kindled against this
DDnK nbwri rrriri^ '^^'9'^^^) '**
;
î^^^
place and it shall not be quenched. '^But say
this to the king of Judah, who sent you to in-
-n3 vbi<, npKh na nin^-nK \i;''îb
-]\UK Dnn'irT bk-p"! ''ribK hin^ "iwk

quire of the Lord: Thus said the Lord, the God
of Israel: As for the words which you have •'jQw I yjsn"] ^nn'7-qi ]V!!°i'^
-^^W
heard — '"^because your heart was softened and Dip^n-b'y 'n-jî iwk "^vnu/n nin""
you humbled yourself before the Lord when T^bbpb^ nippb npn"? T'nu;"'-'7Vi nrn
you heard what I decreed against this place and ^DJK DAT 'jd'7 nsnni ^nin-nx vipni
its inhabitants — thatbecome desolation
it will a
ÎQp'N 'ijn °]3V 20 : n]n"'-aKj ""nypu;
and a curse — and because you your clothes rent
and wept before Me, I for My part have

listened —declares the Lord. -Âssuredly, I will
b A quarter in lerusalem; cj. Zeph. 1. 10.
832
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 23.6 AD 12 D"'D'7)3 'K-'IJ
gather you to your fathers and you will be laid

in your tomb in peace. Your eyes shall not
see all the disaster which I will bring upon

this place." So they brought back the reply to
the king.
23 At the king's summons, all the elders -73 vbK ^QpKÎ "q^Jsri nb^j'>^ :x2
of Judah and Jerusalem assembled before him. Ti^)3n bvi)2 .nb^j^'^1^ ni^n^ •>)\p]
2The king went up to the House of the Lord, nnin^ \:7''k-'7DT mn"'-n''n
'iu7'"'-'7Di
together with all the men of Judah and all the
-b:2) u^k'>:l^n^ b"'jn'3nT iriK ub^j^'^''
inhabitants of Jerusalem, and the priests and
Dn"'JTKn Knp""! b'\iriv'\ Di'n
prophets — all the people, young and old. And fVi?'?'?
he read to them the entire text of the covenant

nm K'^ri^ri nniin -iqd nn'i-'73-nK
scroll which had been found in the House of nnp"! imvri-b^ ^^kjh invi'Ts :mni
the Lord. 3The king stood "by the pillar" and
solemnized the covenant before the Lord: that
they would follow the Lord and observe His -riK u^pTib U73r'7Dni î,^""^?^ '•"'Wn
commandments. His injunctions, and His laws
napn-'^v "nnari nxTn nnnn nn^
with all their heart and soul; that they would
fulfill all the terms of this covenant as inscribed
'7n^ri ]n3rT °in^p'7n-nK "^bipri ^^^!^J
upon the scroll. And all the people ^'entered
into-^ the covenant.
4Then the king ordered the high priest n'l^Bri-Va riK mn'^ b'j^rj'n k^yin'?
Hilkiah, the priests of the second rank, and the
guards of the threshold to bring out of the Tem- hb^j^'^''b y^ny2 DDnu/^T a:')3\i;rT
ple of the Lord all the objects made for Baal
and Asherahc and all the host of heaven. He

\mi '^\^K nnnan-riK n-'^t^rni 5 : bK
burned them outside Jerusalem in the fields'^ of
ni^n*' nyn hi^^nn nupî niin-" ^2b)2
Kidron, and he removed the ashes to Bethel. 5He
suppressed the idolatrous priests whom the
Vyii'7 nnuppn-nKi .^îpn;' •'nppi
kings of Judah had appointed «-to make offer- KiY Vd^t ril'7-mî hi.^'71 \iJ^\^b
ings-^ at the shrines in the towns of Judah and

in the environs of Jerusalem, and those who
made offerings to Baal, to the sun and moon
and constellations — all the host of heaven. 6He
brought out the [image of] Asherah from the

House of the Lord to the Kidron Valley outside
Jerusalem, and burned it in the Kidron Valley;
a-a Or "on a platform" cf. Targum.

b-h Cf. Targum.
c For this goddess, cf. 1 Kings 1 8. 1 9; ordinarily asherah is rendered
"sacred post," e.g., 2 Kings 17.16.
d Meaning of Heb. uncertain,
833 e-c Lit. "and he offered."
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 23.6 A3 H D''3'7)3 D-'N-'3J
he beat it to dust and scattered its dust over the

burial ground of the common people. "He tore '^b\u'>^ '^^vb pl''^ ]i-np bn;:i nn'K
down the cubicles of the male prostitutes in the
House of the Lord, at the place where the

-iu;k n"inT JT'nn -i\z;k D-'ii/iipn ""nn-riK
women wove coverings'^ for Asherah.
''He brought all the priests from the towns of

Judah [to Jerusalem] and defiled the shrines
niin"' nyp b"'jn'3n-'73-nK Knîs
where the priests had been making offerings h)3\i;-nU|7 -iu;k nDb^n-riK k)3u:'"!
from Geba to Beer-sheba. He also demolished -riK ynji ynif; "ikii'TV i'?^^ ^''jn'sn
the shrines of the gates, which were at the en-
trance of the gate of Joshua, the city prefect
''which were on a person's left [upon entering]

nimn 'jna Sbv} Kb ~]k'> niyn
the city gate. -'''''The priests of the shrines, how-
i^DK-DK ^3 a'7\f7i-i-'3 mn-" n3Tn-'7K
ever, did not ascend the altar of the Lord in Je-
-riK K)3un 1" iDH^nK Tilnn nlyjp
rusalem, but they ate unleavened bread along
with their kinsmen. -""He also defiled Topheth, ^nb:ib mn-jn ^jn âii -iu/k riDnn
which is in the Valley of Ben-hinnom, so that u;k3 inn-riKi Un-nx \i;ik "r'ni/n'?
no one might consign his son or daughter to ^jnj "lU/K D-'DiDrrnK nnu/"! n •.'^bt^b
t he fire of Molech .
'
i
He did away with the horses mn''Ti"'3 K'nrp \iJri\ub niin^ ''i^b-n
that the kings of Judah had dedicated to the

sun, sat the entrance-s of the House of the
qntp u/nwn nlnsnn-riKi nnpsa
Lord, near the chamber of the eunuch Nathan-
°ijn-'7V "^yjK nln3T)3rT-nKi 12 :u;k3
melech, which was in the precincts.'' He burned
the chariots of the sun. 'Ând the king tore down
the altars made by the kings of Judah on the "•nu/n n\i7jp nu;y—iu;k nln^TjarrriKT
roof by the upper chamber of Ahaz, and the D\^n Y'\1^ "^brpri ynj mn-'-n''? nlnyn
altars made by Manasseh in the two courts of
the House of the Lord. He ''removed them nb\u^'^^ ^:iB-bv i iu/k nlnsn-riKii-'
quickly from there'' and scattered their rubble
mn -1U7K "n"'n\:7?3n-nri'7 i^p^p i\ui<
in the Kidron Valley. '-''The king also defiled
Yp\u I n'in\uvb bk-w'>-':\b'D liribv;
the shrines facing Jerusalem, to the south of the
'Mount of the Destroyer,' which King Solo-
mon of Israel had built for Ashtoreth, the abom-

ination of the Sidonians, for Chemosh, the
abomination of Moab, and for Milcom, the de-
testable thing of the Ammonites.' "He shat-
1 nbn V. «.
tered their pillars and cut down their sacred
posts and covered their sites with human bones.
/-/ This verse may be underslooil in iorineition willi it. 21-23.

gg Heh. "from entering.
hit Heb. "ran from there." Emendation yields "smashed them
"
there.
i-i Heh. har ha-mashhith: a derogatory play on hit \\jim\'M).i\\

("Mount of Ointment" ); Mishnah Kliddoth 2.1.
CflKmgill.S.7.
i
834
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 23.24 AD 1 D"'D'7?3 D-'K-'nj
i5As for the altar in Bethel [and] the shrine nw^ri '7K-n''n3 "iu;k nitjariTiK nil is
made by Jeroboam son of Nebat who caused Is-

rael to sin — that altar, too, and the shrine as
-riKT i^^^rin n^TTan-nK m '7K-iu;TnK
well, he tore down. He burned down the shrine
and beat it to dust, and he burned the sacred
post.
i6Josiah turned and saw the graves that were

-]\UK Dnnpn-riK k"iî ih^wk"' iq^.i i6
there on the hill; and he had the bones taken nl)3Yi7rT-nK n^_'>^ nû/î inin h^j
out of the graves and burned on the altar. Thus inK?3U^T nnmrr-'?!/ ^"ip",) nnnipn-])p
he defiled it, in fulfillment of the word of the a"'rf'7KrT uz-ik kn;? "iu/k nin*' "inia
Lord foretold by the man of God who foretold njpK^l 17 : n^KH nnn^n-riK Knj; iu/k
these happenings. i^'He asked, "What is the
marker I see there?" And the men of the town

b''n'7Kri-u;''K nnp.n T'vn •'U/jk v^k
replied, "That is the grave of the man of God
nnn"irT-nK Kij?"! nnin^p Knnu/K
who came from Judah and foretold these things
that you have done to the altar of Bethel."^
: '7K-n^n nnmn '7^ rr'ti/y -i\^k n^kri
i8"Let him be," he said, "let no one disturb his vnbYV yr-'7K uj^K l"? in"-.??! inK'î is
bones." So they left his bones undisturbed to-
gether with the bones of the prophet' who came

from Samaria.'"
nyî I "i\^K nlnnri ""nn-îj-nK n^ti 19

i^Josiah also abolished all the cult places in
the towns of Samaria, which the kings of Israel
had built, vexing [the Lord]. He dealt with

n''ti7y)3ri-'7D3 wHb u/v".! ^n^'^^K^ '^^vn
them just as he had done to Bethel: 20He slew -'73-nK nnpf2o :'7K-n"'n2i ntf/y nu/x
on the altars all the priests of the shrines who nlnnT?3ri-'7y bif/nu/K ni)3iiri "ina
were there, and he burned human bones on
them. Then he returned to Jerusalem.
2iThe king commanded all the people, "Offer
wv inK"? yn-'73-nK "^^^n ^^'>^ 21
the passover sacrifice to the Lord your God as
"iQp bv mri33 °?"'0'p^ ™"'^ f^P^
prescribed in this scroll of the covenant." 22Now
the passover sacrifice had not been offered in
nfn np|3 nti;yj Kb '3 22 -,
hth nnnn
that manner in the days of the chieftains who
ruled Israel, or during the days of the kings of .TTTin^ "'p^DT bK'W'' ^3^)3 \n^ b'^)
Israel and the kings of Judah. 230nly in the ^^73^ r[^\LJ hipv ninu;3-aK '323
eighteenth year of King Josiah was such a pass- mn"'^ npsn n\uv: ^h'û^k'^
HTn
over sacrifice offered in that manner to the Lord
-riKi ninKnTiK n>"i24 :q'7U7n"'3
in Jerusalem. 24josiah also did away with "-the
D'''7'7An-nKT D"'£nnn-nKT D^'lyr'n
necromancers and the mediums," the idols and
k Cf. 1 Kings 13.2-3.

I See 1 Kings 13.31-32 and note m below.
m The prophet lived in Bethel, which, in Josiah's time, was part
of the Assyrian province of Samaria,
n-n Lit. "the ghosts and the familiar spirits."
835
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 23.24 13 n D"'3'7>3 D-'K-'DJ
the fetishes — all the detestable things that were
to be seen in the land of Judah and Jerusalem.

Thus he fultilled the terms of the Teaching re-
corded in the scroll that the priest Hilkiah had

found in the House of the Lord. 25There was
"^bib v!]^b n^n-k'7 'in>3Di25 :mn^
no king like him before who turned back to the
Lord with all his heart and soul and might, in

-"7311 inn'7-'73n nin^'-'^K n\^—iu;k
full accord with the Teaching of Moses; nor did r[\LJ)2 nnin "7^3 •inK)p-'733T Iu/qj
any like him arise after him. :in>p3 Di^'K"? innKi

-^However, the Lord did not turn away from
His awesome wrath which had blazed up against n^py3n-'73 b:j r['r\rT'j\ Iqk nnn-nu/K
ludah because of all the things Manasseh did
to vex Him. -''The Lord said, "I will also banish
""nhpn ni^K3 •'jej b^)2 n^pK niin-'-riK
Judah from My presence as I banished Israel;
riK'fn Tivn-riK "'npKî" ^k"iu7"'tik
and I will reject the city of Jerusalem which I
chose and the House where I said My name n-iiirT-nK") n'pu/nTnK ^mnnnwK
would abide." •.uvj '>'n\u n-'H"' 'n-iJ3K iu/k
2«The other events of Josiah's reign, and all nu/y "iu;k"'73"! ih^û/k'' nm ~in;!."i28
his actions, are recorded in the Annals of the

n-'n^n nnn iQp-'^y a"'fnn3 Dn-k'7n
Kings of Judah. 29in his days, Pharaoh Neco,
nbj nv"iD n^y t'^??29 :n-iin'' "'p'^nb'
king of Egypt, marched against the king of
'^rirbv '^Wi<^ "^br^-bv Dnyn-'i'pa
Assyria" to the River Euphrates; King Josiah
marched toward him, but when he confronted

him at Megiddo, [Pharaoh Neco] slew him. in33i:'1 30 : iriK in'K"|3 n^nn inri"')pT!
-ÔHis servants conveyed his body in a chariot Dû/n^ inKnî '\'hm'n nn vi'^v
from Megiddo to Jerusalem, and they buried
him in his tomb. Then the people of the land in'K inî/n"! inû;K''-]3 TiiKln-'-nK
took Jehoahaz; they anointed him and made
3 .v:iK nnn in'K i3"''7a;'i
him king in place of his father.
'' Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when

uyj) n'7u;ni3 "rib-n u-^yjin nûbvj^
he became king, and he reigned three months
in Jerusalem; his mother's name was Hamutal ^V'-l ^~ ^pbi? ^n"'D")''-n3 bvmn itsk
daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. 32He did what : vn'nx lu/y-iiz/K V33 mn^ 'j'-yn vin
was displeasing to the Lord, just as his fathers
had done. ^^Pharaoh Neco imprisoned him in

Wjy-irr'l n'7\f7n-'3 "^bn-n ^772:1 n^n
Kiblah in the region of Haniath, to keep him
:3rTT 1331 Iqp3-"I33 HKD ynKH-b'V
from reigning in Jerusalem. And he imposed on
-]3 n'lpib'KTiN rT3j ny-|9 °'^'7?p:ii
'•»
the land an indemnity of one hundred talents
of silver and a talent of gold. -^'Then Pharaoh
o I.e., the Chaldean Empire; cf. lux. 52.4 ami note.
836
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 24.7 ID n u^D^n n^Kîj
Neco appointed Eliakim son of Josiah king in TiK iD^T TiJiK in^.u/K'T npin ^nû/K"'
place of his father Josiah, changing his name to

Jehoiakim. He took Jehoahaz and Pbrought
him-p to EgN'pt, where he died. -'-"^Jehoiakim gave
yiKriTiK "^nvn tin ny-is^ n"'i?în"'
Pharaoh the silver and the gold, and he made
an assessment on the land to pay the money
demanded by Pharaoh. He exacted from the
people of the land the silver and gold to be ^ -.7122 rivi^h nn'? yixn ay
paid Pharaoh Xeco, according to each man's
assessment. D'7u;n"'n r\h}2 mw nnU;]; nriKi i^'pm
36Jehoiakim was twentv'-five years old when
he became king, and he reigned eleven years in
^33 mn'' ^rv3 ynn tz/y^.v" :n??n
Jerusalem; his mother's name was Zebudah
daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah. ^^He did what
was displeasing to the Lord, just as his ancestors
had done.
24 In his days. King Nebuchadnezzar of î^p -i^KJiDnj n^y vip^n 12

Babylon came up, and Jehoiakim became his WW "dbvj i^y D^p:'ln"' 1'7-^nî '755
vassal for three years. Then he turned and re-
belled against him. -The Lord let loose against
him the raiding bands of the Chaldeans, Ara-

jlKjy-'jn îHA HKi nKln ""ina
means, Moabites, and Ammonites; He let them
nin^ nni3 n^nxnt' nnin-'n an^'^*^!
loose against Judah to destroy it, in accordance
with the word that the Lord had spoken T1X3 iD^K^n^n riny Tin "i3T "iu;k
through His senânts the prophets. -lALl this be- T'pn'7 nnin^n nn^n nin^ ^S'^^V
fell Judah at the command of the Lord, who niz7j< '733 T\'^:\i2 nx'un3 vi^ bvr^
banished [them] from His presence because
of all the sins that Manasseh had committed,
-land also because of the blood of the innocent
that he shed. For he filled Jerusalem with the
blood of the innocent, and the Lord would not

forgive.
um^n nni "i3p-'7y Dînns an-K'^n
SThe other events of Jehoiakim's reign, and "Dy D^p::lni 331^""! 6 iHiin^ ^'2by;h
-
all of his actions, are recorded in the Annals of -iih^ : VT\nT\ 1J3 ]^3iin^ 'l'^^""! ^'^^^
the Kings of Judah. ^Jehoiakim slept with his iyiKD jiky^ nî^P ^li'
"n'?'? H'^^
fathers, and his son Jehoiachin succeeded him
as king. "The king of Eg)'pt did not venture out
of his countn' again, for the king of Babylon
p-p So 2 Chron. 36.4; Heb. here "he came."
837
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 24.7 13 1 D''D'7)3 ••K''nj
had seized all the land that had belonged to the
king of Egypt, from the Wadi of Egypt to the
River Euphrates.
f^Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he

became king, and he reigned three months in
up'] ub\u^1'>:l "I'pTp n^\uir\ ^[^Jbp^
Jerusalem; his mother's name was Nehushta
daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem. '^He did •.nb\u^'^^''^2 ]nj'7KTin Knu/nj 1)3k
what was displeasing to the Lord, just as his fa- ntf/ynu/K "733 mn^ ^rv? iîn ^^^^ ""
ther had done. '"At that time, the troops" of nnv ^'^V ^^^ ^"''^'^ ^^? '° '
"^""^^
King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon marched Knni D'^^^n^ '7nii-q^p "iVKn3n;i

against Jerusalem, and the city came under my)35 n-iyn
-q^n n;^KJ-|3UJ K'nî 11
siege. I'King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon ad-

-.n-^bv any in^vi -fyn-'^y "733
vanced against the city while his troops were be-
"^bp-bv hnin-'-q'pp ]''?]ln-' k^"! 12
sieging it. '^Thereupon King Jehoiachin of Ju-
dah, along with his mother, and his courtiers,
commanders, and officers, surrendered to the r[p\LJ nju/n b^^ "^br^ inx ni?"!
king of Babylon. The king of Babylon took him nl"iyiK-'73-nK nii/p Kyi"! 13 .-l^'pn^
captive in the eighth year of his reign. '^He car-
ried off ''-from Jerusalem'' all the treasures of nn-rn ''73-'73-nK

riribvj nti/y -iu;k
the House of the Lord and the treasures of the
-131 -ll^KS r[)rT> '73"'ri3 ^'7K-l\p"'-q'7)3
royal palace; he stripped off all the golden dec-
riKT p'7u;n"'-'73"nK nby.n) nin*'
orations in the Temple of the Lord —which '^ :
wî^ri-b^
King Solomon of Israel had made — as the Lord n-\\uv b'-'iin n'i3r'73 1 riKT
had warned. ''He exiled all of Jerusalem: all the -ijip)3m u;nnri-'73i nîa d^'Q^k nntî?
commanders and all the warriors — ten thou- ^y^.). 1-'

: Vli<n-Dy n'7T nîT -ikif/j i<b
sand exiles — as well as all the craftsmen and -jiKT ^"7)3^ DK-riKi n^33 ]-'3în"'-nK
smiths; only the poorest people in the land were "''7"'K •'bMi hKT TiDnD-HKI "^br^Tl ""U/J
left. '5He deported Jehoiachin to Babylon; and y^kn

:n^33 nû/nijp n'7i:\ 'q^'7in
the king's wives and officers and the notables
D-'Q^K nynu; b->nri "'u;jk-'73 hki f'
of the land were brought as exiles from Jeru-

"tiL/v ni33i Vsn ^bk '-lap^ni winni
salem to Babylon. '•Âll the able men, to the
number of seven thousand — all of them war-

: n^33 nbu '733-q'7p nK"'3-'i nanb'n
riors, trained for battle — and a thousand crafts- ni n"iJnn-nK '733-T|'7p "^by^"."]
''
men and smiths were brought to Babylon as Q :invi2^ iauz-riK 30"! vrinn
exiles by the king of Babylon. '"And the king
of Babylon appointed Mattaniah, Jehoiachin's^
uncle, king in his place, changing his name to
Zedekiah.
u Hri>. "jfrvanfs.
b-b Heb. "from there.'
c Heb. "his."
838
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 25.9 n3 1 D"'D'7?3 n-'K-'nj
isrfZedekiah was twenty-one years old when

he became king, and he reigned eleven years in up) Dû;n''ii 'r\b)2 mu; n"i,u;y nnxi
Jerusalem; his mother's name was Hamutal
daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah. i^He did what
ntpy-"iU7K "733 urn^ ryn yin u/vjil ^^
was displeasing to the Lord, just as Jehoiakim
had done, ôjndeed, Jerusalem and Judah ''were
a cause of anger for the Lord, so that*^ He cast
them out of His presence.
^^ Zedekiah rebelled against the king of

^w^ Babylon. lAnd in the ninth year of his"
reign, on the tenth day of the tenth month, K3° "\u'inb ii^yn n"'t7vri u/nnn
Nebuchadnezzar moved against Jerusalem with
-bv iV'iri-^D') Kin '7in-q'7n -lYxn^nj
his whole army. He besieged it; and they built
i^.^^'i"^"'
towers against it all around. 2The city contin- PZ1 '7"'^V ^P"'! '7"'.^V ]^V-
^npv IV "112^)311 Tiyn K'nrn. '- -.
n^no
ued in a state of siege until the eleventh year of
King Zedekiah. 3By the ninth day [of the fourth
month]'' the famine had become acute in the Dnb' n^ri-x'7') I'lvn nynn pJW^ MJinb
city; there was no food left for the common
people. I nnn^)3n 'li/JK-^Di ^vn V\p:^n)'i
4Then [the wall of] the city was breached. AH
the soldiers [left the city] by night through the
n-'no '^^V'r[-bv U'>'iiij:i) "^bikn ]rbv
gate between the double walls, which is near the
iQinn nnnyn
king's garden —the Chaldeans were all around
b-'"iii73-'7"'n 5 : ii-ii 'rlb^^
the city; and [the king] set out for the Arabah.''
in-i."' nln-iyn in'K ^m''^ '^br^ri ipK
5But the Chaldean troops pursued the king, and -riK lu/Qnî^ -vbvri iy'qj ^b^n-b:^)
they overtook him in the steppes of Jericho as nnb'n-i b^:i "^bri-bK in'K ^bv",) '^br^n
his entire force left him and scattered. ^They
captured the king and brought him before the
king of Babylon at Riblah; and they put him on
D : "71:3 inKnî D^nu/njn innpK'"!
trial. ^They slaughtered Zedekiah's sons before
K^n ûinb nynu/n V"'pnn u/inn^s
his eyes; then Zedekiah's eyes were put out. He
was chained in bronze fetters and he was
brought to Babylon.
80n the seventh day of the fifth month- —that -IT'n-nK C]'"!U7''P :D.'7U7l"l^ ^7311-11^^
was the nineteenth year of King Nebuchadnez-

zar of Babylon — Nebuzaradan, the chief of the
guards, an officer of the king of Babylon, came
to Jerusalem. '^He burned the House of the
d For the rest of this book cf. Jer. 39 and 52.
e-e Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
a I.e., Zedekiah's.
b Cf Jer. 52.6.
839 c Hoping to escape across the Jordan.

Ntvi'iM 2 KINGS 25.9 n3 n D"'3'7)3 'K-'nj
Lord, the king's palace, and all the houses of
Jerusalem; he burned down ''the house of every -•73 lynj n^no p'^wn"' n'nin-riKi '<>
notable person.'' "^The entire Chaldean force °nKT' :D''n3y-3-i 1WK "'•iw? '^•'n
that was with the chief of the guard tore down

the walls of Jerusalem on every side. 'The rem- '
nn^ riKT ^733 "^br^Ti-bv i'^qj "iu/k

nant of the people that was left in the city, the
defectors who had gone over to the king of

Babylon —and the remnant of the popula-
n-inny-n-i n'lKU/n yiKn nbim 12
tion —were taken into exile by Nebuzaradan, :D^np'7i D'-wnb'?

the chief of the guards. 2But some of the poorest
' nin^n^n -iu/k nu/'n^n niTavnKi '^
in the land were left by the chief of the guards,

to be vinedressers and field hands.
-riK M<.p''^ n"''iw3 nsv; mn-'-JT'nn
'The Chaldeans broke up the bronze col-
-riK") ni-'priTiKT i''
-^^^^ oJ^^n^
umns of the House of the Lord, the stands, and
nk) nlQ3n-nKT nnKjmn-nKi w^v^ri
the bronze tank that was in the House of the
''73-'73
Lord; and they carried the bronze away to Bab- :ini7^ Dn-imii/T nu/K nu/h^n
ylon. '•They also took all the pails, scrapers, "IU7K nip-jran-riKT nlnnjan-riKT '3
snuffers, ladles, and all the other bronze vessels 3"! npb iqD3 qDS-nu/Ki 3nT 3nT
used in the service. '^The chief of the guards inxn D^n d^ju; i nniTayn '^^ :n"'n3u
took whatever was of gold and whatever was of mn^ rri^^ ritibp ntz;v-"i\^K nlJ3)3rn
silver: firepans and sprinkling bowls. "^The two
''73n-'73 n^j'mb bp^VJt^ n^ri-iib
columns, the one tank, and the stands that Sol-
npip nnu/y nlnu; 1: :n'pKrT
omon provided for the House of the Lord — all
I ni2i<^
these objects contained bronze beyond weigh-

nu/nj I vbv n-inbi inxn im^jn
ing. 1 ^The one column was eighteen cubits high. n33i:;V'nl?3K nnx \ub\u n'^n2r\ npipi
It had a bronze capital above it; the height
of the capital was three cubits, and there was : n33ti7rT-'7V 'Ji^n imi^b n^KSi
a meshwork [decorated] with pomegranates
about the capital, all made of bronze. And the

]n'3 nnu;-nK n-'n3u-3-i ni^î '»
like was true of the other column with its

-riKT mu7p jn'3 in^jrjy-riKi u/Kin
meshwork.
°n|7^ •T'Vn-jpT'^ :C]Dn nn'u; ^^bp
"*The chief of the guards also took Seraiah,
•'u/jK-b'V I
iipQ Kin—1U7K iriK ono
-•jQ 'Kin D"'^J^: nti^pni mbabt^ri
the chief priest, Zephaniah, the deputy priest,
and the three guardians of the threshold. ''Ând luj "iQDn riKT T'i;3 iny^j -iwk Vj'^nrr
from the city he took a eunuch who was in com- D^WU/T yiNH DVHK K3yJ3n K3YrT
mand of the soldiers; five royal privy councillors
who were present in the city; the scribe of the
army commander, who was in charge of mus-
tering the people of the land; and sixty of the
il-il Mnining ol I III'. uiultIiiiii.
840
"
NEvi'iM 2 KINGS 25.29 HD 1 D"'3'7)3 D''K-'nj
common people who were inside the city.
20Nebuzaradan, the chief of the guards, took 1\h)^ D-'niiy-n-i l"TK-innj djik ni?'''!2o
them and brought them to the king of Babylon

at Riblah. 2iThe king of Babylon had them
ynxn n'7ni3 rr'^p-'i "7^1 T|^n nn'K
struck down and put to death at Riblah, in the
npn
region of Hamath.
Thus Judah was exiled from its land. 22King
ni;m22 nnrnx bvr] niin*' '7^""!
Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon put Gedaliah son '^'>k\Ljr^ ^\uk nyiri'' ynxn nKU/^n
of Ahikam son of Shaphan in charge of the peo-
ple whom he left in the land of Judah. 23When D :1PV"1^ t:i7''nK"i:? in]îrnK
the officers of the troops and their men heard nipn n-''7^nn nu;-'?^ °iy)pu7''T23
that the king of Babylon had put Gedaliah in
-riK ^'7nn-'!i'7p Ti7Dn-^3 D^\i;jKm
charge, they came to Gedaliah at Mizpah with
n|)y)3ri in''^^"ir'7K iK'nî inj'?"!^
Ishmael son of Nethaniah, Johanan son of
nij;-]^ jjnl""") n^jnrjn '7Ki;nu;"'i
Kareah, Seraiah son of Tanhumeth the Neto-
phathite, and Jaazaniah son of the Maachite, to- in^jTK'i.l '•nrju^n riTpmn-jn nnt^T
gether with their men. 24Gedaliah reassured"^ i7n\i;''i24 lan-iiyjKi nipn 'riDyjari-jn
them and their men, saying, "Do not be afraid
/-of the servants of the Chaldeans.-/ Stay in the ynxn inu; n"'"nw3n nny)? iK"i"'n-'7K
land and serve the king of Babylon, and it will
D -.u^b ny'i ^713 "^^)3-nx ninvi
go well with you."
bKijy2]u'' Kn 'V"'n\i7n \u'in^ 1 'n"'i25
25In the seventh month, Ishmael son of
nin'7)3rT i;>m y)p\f;-''7K-]3 n^jnrjn
Nethaniah son of Elishama, who was of royal
descent, came with ten men, and they struck
down Gedaliah and he died; [they also killed] n-'-iu/an-riK'! bnin^rr-riK") n'jpî
the Judeans and the Chaldeans who were pres- -^3 l?3J7^T26 :n3Ym IFIK Tin—lU/K
ent with him at Mizpah. 26And all the people,
young and old, and the officers of the troops

set out and went to Egypt because they were
afraid of the Chaldeans.
n^b^b nju; ynu/T u^]Ljb\u2 "vi^^
27In the thirty-seventh year of the exile
of King Jehoiachin of Judah, on the twenty- °iTi'"i?p b'>)K Km vj-inb nynu/i nnu/vî
seventh day of the twelfth month, King Evil-
merodach of Babylon, in the year he became
king, .?-took note of-.? King Jehoiachin of Judah n^p^Tsn Kp3 bv)2 lKp3-nK jn^T ninu
and released him from prison. 28He spoke iK'73 n^n riK i<,m^ 29 : b:i2:i inx imjk
kindly to him, and gave him a throne above
those of other kings who were with him in Bab-

ylon. 29His prison garments were removed, and
e Lit. "took an oath to them.
f-f Jer. 40.9 reads "to serve the Chaldeans."

g-g Lit. "raised the head of."
841
NEVi'iM 2 KINGS 25.29 n3 n n^2b)2 d^kîj
[JehoiachinI received regular rations by his fa- :V^n ''p'''^'^ VJqS' T'^n Dn|7 b'2K^
vor for the rest of his life. -'"A regular allotment nK)3 I^TTJ^J T'?pn nillK irHTlK"] 30
of food was given him at the instance of the *-vn "'D"' ^3 iXaVH 1"'"~l!n '^b'Bn
king — an allotment for each day — all the days
of his life.
0^7117 K-nn bi<,b n'7"'nn n'7U7ji nn
842
— —
nât^
ISAIAH
1 The prophecies of Isaiah son of Amoz, who

prophesied concerning Judah and Jerusalem in nnv "^m
K
niin"'-'?^
^Hf;!:? a.!?^n"'i
the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hez-
ekiah, kings of Judah.
2Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth,
For the Lord has spoken:

them up
•'ri)3)?i-il ^nb"!^ u^^
"I reared children and brought
And they have rebelled against Me!

Ân ox knows its owner.
An ass its master's crib: vb]j:i onx nl53ni
Israel does not know.

My people takes no thought." :]mrin i<b -"^v
4Ah, sinful nation! KUn ""lA •'irT4

I
People laden with iniquity! py 113 DV

Brood of evildoers!
Depraved children!
D"'n"'nu7)3 u^n
They have forsaken the Lord,
Spurned the Holy One of Israel,
^xntz/"' u/np-nx iykj
Turned their backs [on Him].
:nlnK n'n
5Why do you seek further beatings,
That you continue to offend?

1117 i3n np '717 5
Every head is ailing.
nno iQ-ipin
And every heart is sick. '^n^ u;k-i-'73
6From head to foot -.^ri nn'7-'73T
No spot is sound:
All bruises, and welts. D'np in-j-'K
And festering sores
Not pressed out, not bound up.
Not softened with oil.

lu/nn t(b^ nrk"?
:]D\i75 n33~l K^T
843
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 1.7 K n"'vu;"' D^K^nj
"Your land is a waste,
Your cities burnt down;

Before your eyes, the yield of your soil DD^^J^ D5ri)3"TK
Is consumed by strangers nnK d"'^?'k bnt
A wasteland "as overthrown by strangers!"
^'Fair'' Zion is left
Like a booth in a vineyard.
Like a hut in a cucumber field.

'nw'ipni mi"????
Like a city beleaguered.
9Had not the Lord of Hosts

Left us some survivors,
We should be like Sodom,

uyaD nnti; Mb "Tiriin
Another Gomorrah.
ij"n DTpa
D -Ay^rn T[-ynvb
'OHear the word of the Lord,
You chieftains of Sodom; mn^nni ^vmj 10

Give ear to our God's instruction.
You folk of Gomorrah!
""What need have I of all your sacrifices?" : rririv nv
Says the Lord.
"I am sated with burnt offerings of rams.
And suet of fatlings.

n"'^"'K ni^y "'nyntp
And blood of bulls;
n^Kn?3 ibn-]
And have no delight
In lambs
I
and he-goats.
n3 nil
'-That you come to appear before Me

i^nYDn iib
Who asked that ôf you?
Trample My courts '-''no more;
••JQ nlK-j"? mnn 13 12
Bringing oblations
n^n^'n riKT u^pn-'p
is futile,'"
Incense is offensive to Me. iQ^pln kî3 :nyn Dbi

New moon and sabbath.
Proclaiming of solemnities, "''7

K^n nnvin niup
''Assemblies with iniquity,''
I cannot abide. K"ii7n Kip

'^Your new moons and fixed seasons '7DWk'7
Fill Me with loathing;
"
fl-fl Emendation yields "like Sodom overthrown.
b Lit. "Daughter."
c-c Others "To trample My courts^ I "Bring no more vain obla-
"
tions.
--iBK- i''vum in-iac v. it.
d-d Septuagint "Fast and assembly": cf. loel 1.14.
844
— — —
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 1.23 K n"'y\:7"' •'K-'nj
They are become a burden to Me, niy^ •''717 vri

I cannot endure them. :Ktf7J ^n^K^j
iÂnd when you hft up your hands,
I will turn My eyes away from you;
Though you pray at length,
I will not listen.
Your hands
i6Wash yourselves
are stained with crime
clean;
:1K^)p Wm 3"'T
Put your evil doings
Away from My sight.
Cease to do evil;
\p:j i^m
i^Learn to do good.
Devote yourselves to justice;

np-'ri îpb 17
""-Aid the wronged. -t'
Uphold the rights of the orphan; pjpn nii7K

Defend the cause of the widow. Dln^ 1UQU7
i8"Come, Het us reach an understanding,"'"

— says the Lord. npDpi KriD"? 18
"Be your sins like crimson.

They can turn snow-white;
b''JW3 D^'iKun vrT;'-DK
Be they red as dyed wool.
ij-'ii^:' )h]^^
They can become like fleece."
iÎf, then, you agree and give heed.
You will eat the good things of the earth;

DJnvP^T inxn-DK 19
20But if you refuse and disobey,
/You will be devoured [by] the sword. -.f
:l'7pKn yiKPT mu
For it was the Lord who spoke. an*'™ iJKnri-nKi2o
2iAlas, she has become a harlot.
The faithful city
That was filled with justice, niiT^ nn^n nD''K2i

Where righteousness dwelt
But now murderers. \DBp)2 ^niibr:
22Your.? silver has turned to dross;
nil ]'^bi pny
''-Your wine is cut with water. -t"
iD-'ni^ljp nnv")
23Your rulers are rogues
D-'Pp^ n-'H iiQp? 22

in-'jan b^r[)2 "qKno
f-f Or "you will be fed the sword."
an-ilD "^^^7 23
g I.e., Jerusalem's.
nnK" ]-'Vvm i''T'3D v. is.
845
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 1.23 K n^'vu;"' DiK-'3j
And cronies of thieves,
Every one avid for presents

And greedy for gifts;
They do not judge the case of the orphan,
And the widow's cause never reaches them. D :Dn^'7K KinTK"? nj)3'7K nm
-•Assuredly, this is the declaration
DKJ ]5^24
Of the Sovereign, the Lord of Hosts,
The Mighty One of Israel:
"Ah, I will get satisfaction from My foes;
nyp nn^K ""in
I will wreak vengeance on My enemies!
:''n;'iK)3 njppaKT
251 will turn My hand against you.
And smelt out your dross ''as with lye,''
And remove all your slag:

Tlib'T|3-'73 n"l"'pKl
2^1 will restore your magistrates as of old. :
And your counselors as of yore. n Ju/Kins 't|iuq'u; nnû/NT 26
After that you shall be called
City of Righteousness, Faithflil City."
:m)pKJ nnp piYn -i-iy
27'Zion shall be saved in the judgment;
Her repentant ones, in the retribution.;

ni3ri uQu/nn ]i^^27
28But rebels and sinners shall all be crushed,
:ni7iy3 n-'nu/T
And those who forsake the Lord shall perish.
:i'73T mn^ 'nfyi

29Truly, you*" shall be shamed
Because of the terebinths you desired.
wii} '3 29
And you shall be confounded
Because of the gardens you coveted.
30For you shall be like a terebinth nQnrn
Wilted of leaf, :Dnin3 "1U7K nmnn
And like a garden n^^]S3 vnn -"s 30
That has no water,

•"'-Stored wealth' shall become as tow.
And he who amassed it a spark; -.nb ]"'K "'nniz/K

And the two shall burn together. niyjb ]Dnn n^nv'
With none to quench.
h-h Emendation yields "in a crucible"; 48.10.

MH": nrfju; nv3i
cf.
i Others "Zion shall be saved by justice, I Her repentant ones by

"
righteousness.
; For this meaning cf. 5.16; 10.22.

k Heb. "they."
l-l Connecting hasun with hoiuin, "to store" (2.^. IK I, and hosen,
"treasure" 1.^.^.6).
>
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 2.6 1 rT>V\U'^ D^K-'lJ
^ The word that Isaiah son of Amoz proph-

esied concerning Judah and Jerusalem.
2In the days to come,

The Mount of the Lord's House
Shall stand firm above the mountains
nnnn u/xnn
And tower above the hills;
And all the nations
Shall gaze on it with joy.

:a;'i:\ri-^3
3And the many peoples shall go and say:
"Come, npKT D-'in nîay ^5br^^ 3
1'
Let us go up to the Mount of the Lord, ^?
To the House of the God of Jacob; n'in:'-"iri-'7K r^bvy]
That He may instruct us in His ways, "^pvp. ''IJbK h'>'2.-bK
And that we may walk in His paths."

For instruction shall come forth" from Zion,
The word of the Lord from Jerusalem. nnin kyji )v^y2 ""3
4Thus He will judge among the nations
And arbitrate for the many peoples.
And they shall beat their swords into

D\3n wmb n-'Din'!
plowshares''
And their spears into pruning hooks:

ninntn^ brfnirr'jrT!
Nation shall not take up
Sword against nation;
m Kib^-iib
nnn m-bK
They shall never again know war.
Q :'ni2nb)2 ily M)2b'!-i<b)
SO House of Jacob!
Come, let us walk
By the light of the Lord.

6For you have forsaken [the ways of] your
people, \'b:j nriu/uj '3 6
O House of Jacob! npy;" n"'3

'^-Por they are full [of practices] from the East, >2
nilip \i<.bT2
And of soothsaying like the Philistines; n'>r\]ijb^:2 D\jjyi

They abound in customs'? of the aliens.-'' :pit3u;'' an3J ''ibî^
a I.e., oracles will be obtainable.
h More exactly, the iron points with which wooden plows were
tipped.
c Cf. ]udg. 3.2.

d-d Emendation yields "For they are full of divination I and have
abundance of soothsaying, I Like Philistines /And tike alien
folk."
e Cf. Targuni; lit. "children."
847
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 2.7 n H'^yU/"' 'K-'nj
"Their land is full of silver and gold, nnn c]D3 lyiK i<b'Bn^ 7
There is no limit to their treasures;
Their land is full of horses, D-ibiD ly-jK Kb^2Pi^

There is no limit to their chariots.
**And their land is full of idols;
They bow down to the work of their hands,

To what their own fingers have wrought.
"^But man shall be humbled,
And mortal brought low
/•Oh, do not forgive them!/

.nr}b Kt^n-'7Ki
'''Go deep into the rock.

Bury yourselves in the ground.
Before the terror of the Lord
And His dread majesty! nin^ ins -"Jsp
"Man's haughty look shall be brought low,

And the pride of mortals shall be humbled.
None but the Lord shall be

Exalted in that day. mb mn-" nawjT
D :Kinn Di^n
i-For the Lord of Hosts has ready a day
Against all that is proud and arrogant.
niKny rirn^b nv •'3 1^
Against all that is lofty — so that it is brought

Dni nKr'73 bv
low:
'.bp^j^ Kti7r'73 b^")
'Âgainst all the cedars of Lebanon,
Tall and stately.

n-'Kti/^ri'i nm']ri
And all the oaks of Bashan;
:]U73n 'Jl'7K-'73 bv^
'"JAgainst all the high mountains
And all the lofty hills;

"pirr Dnnn-'â bv") '-i
iSAgainst every soaring tower nlKti/în nly3An-'73 bv^
And every mighty wall; nnA b^m-b:2 bv) i?
'Âgainst all the .^-ships of Tarshish-i' :nniYn n)pin-'?3 bv)

And all the gallant barks. vj-'pin ni='JK-'73 bv") '^
'^Then man's haughtiness shall be humbled :n"i)3nn ni''3t7-'73 bv"]

And the pride of man brought low. DiKH mnnA hm r
None but the Lord shall be nû/JK nn b^^;^
Exalted in that day.
lin"? mn^ 3au;3t
/-/ Meaning ofHeb. uncertain. Emendation yieliii "And thetr idols

with them"; cf. w. 17-21.
g-g Probably a type of large ship.
848
— —
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 3.5 1 rr^yu;"' d-'k-'u
i8As for idols, they shall vanish completely.
i9And men shall enter caverns in the rock

And hollows in the ground
Before the terror of the Lord nin*' in3 i^p
And His dread majesty,
When He comes forth to overawe the earth.
20On that day, men shall fling away,

DiKn '^'h^^_ kinn nvn 20
To the ''-flying foxes-'' and the bats.
iSJpD ''7''^K riK
The idols of silver
inriT ''7-''7K riKi
And the idols of gold
Which they made for worshiping.

: n-'Q'ûi;^'! ni-13 -i^vh
21 And they shall enter the clefts in the rocks
And the crevices in the cliffs.

nnyn nnj^jn kln^2i
Before the terror of the Lord D-'y^pn 'QVP^n
And His dread majesty. nin;" nns isn

When He comes forth to overawe the earth.
220h, cease to glorify^ man.

Who has only a breath in his nostrils! DiKn-])3 DD^ ^b^n 22
For by what does he merit esteem? l3K:n 'r[y)'^j'i nu/x

3 :wn ni^/m nTan-ia
J For lo! mn '3 ^
The Sovereign Lord of Hosts

Will remove from Jerusalem and from Judah
Prop and stay,
Every prop of food

And every prop of water:«
2Soldier and warrior.

Magistrate and prophet,
Augur and elder;

:]i7n nDpi
3Captain of fifty,
Magnate and counselor.

Skilled artisan and expert enchanter;''
yyl'''! Q-'ja Mm
4And Hec will make boys their rulers,
And babes shall govern them. nnntf; any: "'nn3i4
5So the people shall oppress one another

iiz-iKn u/iK nvn ml^ 5
h-h Exact meaning of Heb. uncertain.
a Emendation yields "clothing"; cf. v. 7; 4.1.
b Emendation yields "craftsman."

c Heb. "I."
849
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 3.5 J n'>VW D^K^nj
Each oppressing his fellow:

The young shall bully the old; ]i?-n "iv^n ^'il^^^''
And the despised [shall bully) the honored.
6For should a man seize his brother,
''-In whose father's house there is clothing:''
"Come, be a chief over us.
And let this ruin'' be under your care,"

:']i;i nnn nxTn n'7iy3?3m
"The other will thereupon protest,
H)3k'? I Kinn uv:i Kti/-" 7
"I will not be a dresser of wounds,
u/ln n'jnK-K'7
With no food or clothing in my own house.
You shall not make me chief of a people!"

:ni7 ]^yp ^Jp"'U^n Kb
Âh, Jerusalem has stumbled,
And Judah has fallen. Dû/n'' ribvj^ '3

Because by word and deed
They insult the Lord, hr]^bb^'n^ DJi\:7'7-'3
Defying His majestic glance.
^Their partiality in judgment' accuses them; :ninD *"'jv
They avow their sins like Sodom, D3 nnjy an"'jQ niijn 9
They do not conceal them.

Mnri Dlp3 DHKUni
Woe to them! For ill
nnp k^
Have they served themselves. -ip u^j^)b -"Ik
'o(Haik the just man, for he shall fare well;
:ny"i DH^ ^bm
He shall eat the fruit of his works.
3lu-''3 pi^y npK 10
"Woe to the wicked man, for he shall fare
•.^b2i<1 nr]ibb^r2 "'"iQ""'?
iU;
As his hands have dealt, so shall it be done

yi vvj'f^ ""Ik 1
to him.)
-.'lb ntz/v;' vji b^m">3
'2My people's rulers are babes, bb'\iJ'i2 vm ^"')3y 1^
It is governed by women.''
my people!
Your leaders are misleaders;
They have confused the course of your paths. D :ivV3 ^'ri'niK T|n-7i
'The Lord stands up to plead a cause.

mn^ 2îb 3yj i^
He rises to champion peoples.'

:D-')3V y^b -Tpy-i
umwa
.
d-d Emendation yields "His father's son, saying. .

••
ion v. «.
f Meaning of Hfb. uncertain. Emendiilion yields "wound."

1 SV\L7'> D^N^J
i4The Lord will bring this charge

Against the elders and officers of His people:
"It is you who have ravaged the vineyard; n-isn Dri-iyn nriKi
That which was robbed from the poor is in :DD''rinn •'jyri nbu
your houses.
i5How dare you crush My people
And grind the faces of the poor?"
— says my Lord God of Hosts.
i^The Lord said:
"Because the daughters of Zion

Are so vain li^V niJin \nn^
And walk with i-heads thrown back,-'
With roving eyes, wrv niipu/jpi
And with mincing gait,
Making a tinkling with their feet"

:njD3i;n nrf'pnni
i^My Lord will bare^ the pates
ipij; •'inx nEJu;-) 17
Of the daughters of Zion,
The Lord will uncover their heads.
D :nnyT ]nri3 mn""!
i8In that day, my Lord will strip off the finery^
of the anklets, the fillets, and the crescents; iôf nnKDri riK ""inK TipT K^r^[rl nv^ is
the eardrops, the bracelets, and the veils; 20the : D"'jnnti7rTi ''p"'n\i7m "'pisyrT
turbans, the armlets, and the sashes; of the tal- :nl'7i7irT'i nin^wm nlQ''u^ni9
ismans and the amulets; 2ithe signet rings and
"nni Dn\i7|?m hnvi^rii nnxariso
the nose rings; -ôf the festive robes, the man-
ipni nii/nynî :n-'u;n^m u/Qjin
tles, and the shawls; the purses, 23the lace gowns,
niQUi7)3m niY^n)3ri22 :C|Kn
and the linen vests; and the kerchiefs and the
capes.
n"'j'^'7^m23 :D''unnm ninsuTam
: O'lin-ini nis^ji^rn n''iinDm
24And then
Instead of perfume, there shall be rot;
^wm 24
And instead of an apron, a rope;
n^n} pp n\u'i nnn
Instead of a diadem of beaten-work,
nEjj^j nnl:in nnni
A shorn head;
hu;p?p nU/y}? nnrri
Instead of a rich robe,
A girding of sackcloth;
b-ipn^ nnni
'"-A burn instead of beauty.-'"
;-; Lit. "throats bent back. •.••^•>

nnn '3
k So Saadia. To hare a woman head in public was an
's intolerable
humiliation: cf. Mishnah Baba Kamma 8.6.
I Many ofthe articles named in w. 18-24 cannot be identified with

certainty,
m-m The complete Isaiah scroti from Qumran, hereafter IQIs',

851 reads "For shame shall take the place of beauty"; cf. note k.
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 3.25 1 n^yu;"' d^kuj
-?Her" men shall fall by the sword, i'79'' nin? •q-'np 25
Her fighting manhood in battle;
-Ând her gates shall lament and mourn,

And "-she shall be emptied,"
Shall sit on the ground.
4 In that day, seven women shall take hold nriK ur-iKn wm vnw V"'TD'71 *
of one man, saying,

"We will eat our own food
And wear our own clothes;
Only let us be called by your name ir'^v "^nu; Kif?'' pi
Take away our disgrace!"
Mn that day.
The radiance of the Lord
nin-" np^ r^-^Ti-^,
Will lend beauty and glory,

ninD"?! 'nY'7
And the splendor of ''the land''
[Will give] dignity and majesty.

To the survivors of Israel.
-Ând those who remain in Zion

And are left in Jerusalem
All who are inscribed for life in Jerusalem
Shall be called holy.
4When my Lord has washed away
The filth of ^the daughters of Zion, "inK yp-j I DK-4

And from Jerusalem's midst
Has rinsed out her infamy

In a spirit of judgment
And in a spirit of purging

u3U7)p ny^2.
^the Lord will create'' over the whole shrine and

meeting place of Mount Zion cloud by day and
smoke with a glow of flaming fire by night. -bv^ p^Y'in pDW-'^s'^v nin-" Nini^
7[yr\b u/K HAJi \\1JV^ u'nv 1 pv nK")i??p
n I.e.. Zion'i; cf. w. 16, 17; Heb. "your."
0-0 Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields "her wall": cf.
Lam. 2.8.
a For the interpretation of this verse, cf. 28.5. For "radiance." cf.
Septuaginl and the Syriac semha, and for "splendor," cf. the
meaning of peri in 10.12.

b-b Emendation yields "my Lord": cf. the parallelism (in re\'erse
order) m i.l7.
c-c Emendation yields "Daughter Zion, " i.e., Zion personified: cf.
l.H and note,
d Emendation yields "spread": cf. Ps. 105.39.

"
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 5.6 n n'Û\U'^ QiK-'lJ
Indeed, over ^-all the glory-e shall hang a canopy,

^which shall serve as a pavilion for shade from
heat by day and as a shelter for protection
3 :-lU?3m D1-TD nlJlDn'^T
against drenching rain.
J Let me sing for my beloved

A song of mv lover about his vinevard.
My beloved had a \dneyard

"On a fruitful hill.-"
:])pU/-]3 HR.?
-He broke the ground, cleared it of stones.
And planted it with choice vines.
pip \'nv^'|^
He built a watchtower inside it.
He even hewed a wine press in it;
13 3yn 3i7ynî
For he hoped it would yield grapes.
Instead, it yielded wild grapes.

a"'3Ji7 nwvb ^y\
:n"'u;K3 iuv^^
^"Now, then.
Dwellers of lerusalem
And men of Judah, .û/n;' 31^1"'
You be the judges
Between Me and My vineyard: xriuDu;

"iWhat more could have been done for My :^)P"13 ]"'3T ^^3
vineyard
That I failed to do in it? ^nwv i<b^
13
Why, when I hoped it would )ield grapes. n''3Ji7 nwvb vnnTiîp
Did it yield wild grapes?
:D''\Z/K3 \UVl^
5"Now I am going to tell you

D3nK KrnyniK nnvi ^
What I will do to My \ineyard:

I will remove its hedge.
*1n3it:;n ^pn
That it may be ravaged;
'^v:lb n-'Hi
I will break down its wall,
lii^ y-13
That it may be trampled.
6And I will «-make it a desolation;-"
lOp-in^ n-'Hi
It shall not be pruned or hoed. nn3 inriÛ7Ki6
And it shall be overgrown with briers and "iiv;' i<b) hn-T^ inj
And I will command the clouds
To drop no rain on it." nun vb:^ T'upn)?
''For the vineyard of the Lord of Hosts

Is the House of Israel,
bk'W'' JTin
And the seedlings he lovingly tended
Are the men of Judah.

''And He hoped for justice,
But behold, injustice;
For equit)',
nsu/p mm
But behold, iniquity!
D :ni7vv ™m
8Ah,
Those who add house to house

And join field to field. n^nn n^2 'van
Till there is room for none but you
To dwell in the land! Dîn"? Driniîm nipn dsk iv
În my hearing [said] the Lord of Hosts: : pKH n-i.i7n
Surely, great houses niKay m^m ""jmn^

Shall lie forlorn.
Spacious and splendid ones

Without occupants.
"';iiui n-iVm
'"For ten acres of vineyard
Shall yield just one bath,':
And a field sown with a homer of seed

nnK nn lu/y?
Shall yield a mere ephah.
"Ah, Q :n3"'K nwy?

Those who chase liquor
From early in the morning. "inn
And till late in the evening
Are inflamed by wine! 131-)"' IDW
'2^-Who, at their banquets.
Have'' lyre and lute,
Timbrel, flute, and wine; "7^3") "lib n^m i^
But who never give a thought
nn"'n\:7n pi")
'' Thii ienlcnce contains tvto word-plays: "And He hoped for
mishpat, And there mispah lexact meaning uncertain]; I For
is
mn-" ^7^3 nKT
scdaqah. Hut there is se'aqah [lit. 'outcry']."
c I.e., The bath was the liquid equivalent of the cphah;

of wine.
and the homer was ten baths or ephahs lEzek. 45. II).
d-d Emendation yields 'whose interests are" (mish'chcm. from
sha'ah 'to turn to," 17.7, 8; M.I).
854
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 5.20 n WVVJ'' a->N''ij
To the plan of the Lord,
And take no note

Of what He is designing.
iÂssuredly, ]3b 13
My people will suffer exile
For not giving heed,

Its multitude victims of hunger
And its masses parched with thirst.
iÂssuredly,
Sheol has opened wide its gullet
And parted its jaws in a measureless gape;

pn-'>b:ib ri"'p niypji
And down into it shall go,
That splendor and tumult,
nnin I'll)
That din and revelry.
iSYea, man is bowed. :n|i "ibv)
And mortal brought low;

Brought low is the pride of the haughty. \u^K-b^\u'>)
i6And the Lord of Hosts is exalted by judg-

ment, u|u;?3n nlKiY mn*" hiipt i6
The Holy God proved holy by retribution.

i7fThen lambs shall graze D-iu/np ly-jl 17
As in their meadows.
And strangers shall feed
^nn ninnm
On the ruins of the stout.
i8Ah,
Those who haul sin with cords of falsehood
And iniquity as with cart ropes!

Kwri ''7nnn i)V7i 'DU^n
19 Who say,/
:nKun r[b:\vr[ nlnyDi
"Let Him speed, let Him hasten His purpose. nipKn ly
If we are to give thought;
Let the plans of the Holy One of Israel nK")j ]vr2b
Be quickly fulfilled.
If we are to give heed." bK-]iu'> u;np nyy
20Ah,
Those who call evil good
e Meaning of verse iincertciiti. Emendation yields "The lamhs shall

graze I In the pasture of the fat [ratnsj, I And the kids shall feed
I On the ranges of the stout [bueksj." The lambs and the kids
are the poor and the rams and bucks are the rich oppressors (cf.
Ezek. 34.17-22).
f By way of retort to v. 12.
855
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 5.20 n n^'yu;"' n^K^nj
And good evil;
Who present darkness as light hlK"? -^wn n^ntz;

And light as darkness;
Who present bitter as sweet
And sweet as bitter!
2iAh,
'irT2i
Those who are so wise
In their own opinion;
So clever
nri"'j3 liJi
In their own judgment!
: wpi
22Ah,
"'in 22
Those who are so doughty
As drinkers of wine,
And so valiant ]"^ ninw'?
As mixers of drink!
23Who vindicate him who is in the wrong
In return for a bribe,
And withhold vindication
From him who is in the right.
24Assuredly,
As straw is consumed by a tongue of fire

°pV 24
And hay .^shrivels as burns,.?
it
ujk ]Wb \LJp_ Wk3
Their stock shall become like rot.
nsn^ nnn'? u/i^ni
And their buds shall blow away like dust.
For they have rejected the instruction of the

nbvi pnK3 nniQT
Lord of Hosts,
Spurned the word of the Holy One of Israel.
25That is why
--'
The Lord's anger was roused l^'^^V
Against His people.
Why He stretched out His arm against it
And struck it,
So that the mountains quaked,'' in?:!'!
And its corpses lay Dnnn iin"}

Like refuse in the streets.
nnb2} 'nni
Yet His anger has not turned back,
niyin i'ip2 nmD3
And His arm is outstretched still.
19K nur-K"? nKT-'733
g-g Emendation yields 'is burned by flame"; cf. 33.11-12: 47.14.

h An allusion to the destructive earthquake in the reign of King
Vzziah: Amos 1.1: Zech. 14.5: Isa. 9. 1 Ha.
cf.
856
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 6.5 1 n^VU/"' Q1N13J
26He will raise an ensign to a nation' afar, pinna hmb DrKU/jT 26
Whistle to one at the end of the earth. yî^ri nypjp i'? pnu/T
There it comes with lightning speed! :Kln^ b\^_ TT^rl)2 mni
27In its ranks, none is weary or stumbles,
They never sleep or slumber;
mj^
lu;" Kî i(b
The belts on their waists do not come loose.
vkbn -ilTK nnQj Kb)
Nor do the thongs of their sandals break.
•.vbv: "qniz/ pnj Kb)
28Their arrows are sharpened.
"iiju; VYH '^\UK 2.s
And all their bows are drawn.

niDHT T'n'n\z;p-'7D')
Their horses' hoofs are like flint.
inu7nj -1^3 Void nlons
Their chariot wheels like the whirlwind.
:nQ1D3 vb^kb).-]
29Their roaring is like a lion's.
They roar like the great beasts;

K^nVa ^b mK\i7 29
When they growl and seize a prey.

They carry it off and none can recover it.
:'7"'y)p ]'>K) U"''73^1
30But in that day, a roaring shall resound over

him like that of the sea;; and then he shall look n;;'fn)pnj3 wnri ni^n vbv D'nriso
below and, behold.
-mni y-lK^ U33")
Distressing darkness, with light;
Darkness, "in its lowering clouds.-"

D :ri"'Q"'-!y3 "qu/n
yj In the year that King Uzziah died, beheld I 1

my Lord seated on a high and lofty throne; and 1\'71\y'l Km) DT KD3-'7V :i\i;'i •>pK-nK
the skirts of His robe filled the Temple. ^Seraphs
I D-'ipi; n''Q"|U;2 :'7D''rin-nK n^Kbrî
stood in attendance on Him. Each of them had
six wings: with two he covered his face, with two
inx^ D-jaja m d-'qjb \ijp )b ^bvi3i2
vby) hod;' n"'riU7m vjq hddt wnp:^ i
he covered his legs, and with two he would fly.

:C]p1y D;"]!!^!!
3And one would call to the other,
"Holy, holy, holy! "DpKT nrbK HT KnpT 3
The Lord of Hosts! u/ifp u/np I u/iip
His presence fills all the earth!" niKny mn-"

:i-f1n3 yiKH-'^D Kb)2
4The doorposts" would shake at the sound of
the one who called, and the House kept filling
K"iipri 'îpp D-'Qprr niK3K lyj^v
with smoke. 51 cried,
I Heb. "nations."
j I.e., the Lord willintervene and come to his aid. Cf. 29.6-7; 30.27.
This verse may constitute a transition between chaps. 8 and 9.
a Meaning of Heb. uncertain.

857
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 6.5 T nÛ\U^ D^K^nj
"Woe is me; am lost!

I
For I am a man ''of unclean lips''
And I live among a people

Of unclean lips;
Yet my own eyes have beheld
The King Lord of Hosts."
6Then one of the seraphs flew over to me with

a live coal, which he had taken from the altar ^T^^^ D^Q-jtyn-p hPTK ^% t^V^^(>
with a pair oftongs.7He touched it to my lips : n^mn "7^)3 np.^ DTipb'an HSif-l
and declared, inK''T 'Q-'?^ VA"! 7
"Now that this has touched your lips.
Your guilt shall depart
And your sin be purged away."

:-iQ3n "^riKum
i^Then I heard the voice of my Lord saying,

"Whom shall I send? Who will go for us?" And
I said, "Here am I; send me." Ând He said, "Go,
say to that people:
'Hear, indeed, but do not understand;

See, indeed, but do not grasp.'
:iy-in-'7K"i ^K•^ ^K^^^
'ODull that people's mind,
n-in ni'n-n'? ]np'n lo
Stop its ears.
And seal its eyes
Lest, seeing with its eyes
And hearing with its ears,

yau/"' vl]i<s2^
It also grasp with its mind.
And repent and save itself."
"I asked, "How long, my Lord?" And He re-

plied:
"Till towns lie waste without inhabitants

2\ijv ]ii<,T2 wiv mu;-DN "lu/K ly
And houses without people.
And the ground lies waste and desolate
•.TTQ'np HKii^n nniKm
'^For the Lord will banish the population
aiKH-riK mn'' prni 12
And deserted sites are many
n;niTyn nîi
In the midst of the land.
i3"But while a tenth part yet remains in :y-i.i<n ^"i.p.^

it, it
shall repent. It shall be ravaged like the terebinth "lyn"? niTim ^2]^^ n'>iipv na iiyi 13
b-b I.e., speaking impiety: cf. 9.16, and contrast "pure of speech
I lit. 'lip'!" in Zeph. 3.9.
c Lit. "heal."
838
NEvi'iM ISAIAH 7.9 T n^'VU/-' •'K-'nj
and the oak, of which stumps are left even when

they are felled: its stump shall be a holy seed."
7 In the reign of Ahaz son of Jotham son of in^-Ti7-]n DnT""!^ thk 'p-'n 'rT''i T
Uzziah, king of Judah, King Rezin of Aram and
King Pekah son of Remaliah of Israel marched
upon Jerusalem to attack it; but they were not
nnbr\b b'21 iib) n^^y npn^Ta"?
able to attack it.
:wb:;
2Now, when it was reported to the House of
David that Aram had allied itself with Ephraim,
-bv nnK nm ijix'? hiT n\n^ li^^) 2
their hearts and the hearts of their people trem-

-"yy ylJ3 Day nnî inn"? yj^^T d^qk
bled as trees of the forest sway before a wind. -bK nin^ "inK'j'!-^ :nn-'j$p ny}
3But the Lord said to Isaiah, "Go out with your nKU/T nnx tiik nKnpyKrKYinw;'
son Shear-jashub" to meet Ahaz at the end of HDnsn n^yn nyp-'7K -^Jin Mi
the conduit of the Upper Pool, by the road of
:DniD nip n^pp-'^K njl^^yri
the Fuller's Field. Ând say to him: Be firm and
be calm. Do not be afraid and do not lose heart
on account of those two smoking stubs of
firebrands, on account of the raging of Rezin
and his Arameans and the son of Remaliah. ''
Dl^ T!?V KVr""? IV? 5 :in^^^)3-!-]ni
5Because the Arameans —with Ephraim and the r[bv2(> npK'? in^^)3-i-]ni nnQK ny-j
son of Remaliah — have plotted you, against il-'^pj"! ij\^K myp^Ji n^Y-ipji niin-'n
saying, 6'We will march against Judah and in-
n3 7 D : "^Knu-i^ riK rriinn \bi2
vade and conquer it, and we will set up as king
np"' ''pK -ipK
in it the son of Tabeel,''' ''thus said my Lord God:
:n^nri k^t mpn Kb
It shall not succeed,
It shall not come to pass.
8For the chief city of Aram is Damascus,

And the chief of Damascus is Rezin;
mu; u^wni uwv; ilyiiT
9The chief city of Ephraim is Samaria,

:ny)3 nnsK nm
And the chief of Samaria is the son of ]in?p'U7 bn.QK u/k'-it ^
Remaliah.^'
''And in another sixty-five years,

Ephraim shall be shattered as a people. '^
If you will not believe, for you ''cannot be

trusted-^..."
a Meaning "[onlyj a remnant will turn hack, " i.e., repent; cf. 6. 13; "n3" i^vum in-ino v. 13.
10.21.
b To refer to a person only as "the son of— " is slighting; cf. note
at 1 Sam. 10.11.
c The thought is continued by 8.8b-10; cf. 2 Chron. 13.8-12.

d-d Brought down from v. 8 for clarity.
e-e Others "surely, you shall not be established."
859
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 7.10 T n^'VU/"' D-'K-'nj
'OThe Lord spoke further to Ahaz: ""Ask for
a sign from the Lord your God, anywhere down ^•rf'7K mn"" ayp nik '^y%\u 1
to Sheoi or up to the sky." '"But Ahaz rephed, .rib^)2b nnAH ik r[bk\ij p'nvri
"I will not ask, and I will not test the Lord."
'^"Listen, House of David," [Isaiah] retorted,

IV] n"';n Krivjpu; inKîn :mn"'-nK
"is it not enough for you to treat men as helpless
that you also treat my God as helpless?/ '-Âs-
mbn ^3 D"'U>JK nlK"??! D37P uynn
D3^ Kin 'JIK pyi-i :''rf'7K-nK DJ
suredly, my Lord will give you a sign of His own ]ri"'
accord! Look, the young woman is with child nK-ij7T ]i n^^b'^^ nin TMc^bvri r^^n niK
and about to give birth to a son. Let her name b^K"^ u;n~|T nKjpn 13 -^bi^, ^2r2V 1au;
him Immanuel.i' i5(By the time he learns to re- 13 16 :niu5 -linni y-i3 dikw invi'?
ject the bad and choose the good, people will
nlu3 nn3i y-)3 dk)3 "ly^n yy, nnus
be feeding on curds and honey.) i<^For before
'>)\u 'J3n yj? nni<. -iu/ff nip-iKn 3Tvn
the lad knows to reject the bad and choose the
good, the ground whose two kings you dread
^T))3y-'7yi y^v nin"" K^'iî^ :n"'3^?p
iKn-k"? -lU/K h'>)2i 'înK ri"'3-'7Vl

shall be abandoned, i^xhe Lord will cause to
come upon you and your people and your an- "^hu nx r[j\n'', byr;] nnDK"no uvr2b
cestral house such days as never have come since
Ephraim turned away from Judah — that self- 313-T^ niH"" p-^\i)i Kinn uv:^ 1 n-jm 18
same king of Assyria!''

nK-"
nni3i^") O'l'iyu n2<p3 -i\z;i<
"^"In that day, the Lord will whistle to the

"73 ^m^ ik31 1^^
mwK yiK3 iwk
flies at the ends of the water channels of Egypt
V33T n^vb^ri 'i7."'pJ3T niri3ri "''711^3
and to the bees in the land of Assyria; iând they
:D'''7'7mn '7331 D-'yiyyjn
shall all come and alight in the rugged wadis,
and in the clefts of the rocks, and in all the HTDt^n iv^î°"'J""iK ^br i<^'\fi-n ni"? 20
thornbrakes, and in all the watering places. u;K-iri"nK -]^]Iji<. "^^^3 nnj n3y3
20"In that day, my Lord will cut away with D : nspn ]i7;Tn-nK m") D^^nn ivî
the razor that is hired beyond the Euphrates n'pAi; u/^K-n^rr" Ninn Dl"? ninvi
with the king of Assyria' — the hair of the head
niu/y 3i)3 n^rn22 :]Ky-inu;i -ip3
and 'the hair of the legs,-; and it shall clip off
'73K"' ~u;3ii nKpn-is nKpn '73N-' 3^11
the beard as well. 2iAnd in that day, each man
:y"iKn 3"i.i73 nni3n-'73
shall save alive a heifer of the herd and two an-
imals of the flock. 22(And he shall obtain so "ij^K nii7)p-'73 r[;>,n'', i(.^r[ri uv^ n^m 23
much milk that he shall eat curds.) Thus every-
one who is left in the land shall feed on curds
and honey.
23"For in that day, every spot where there
could stand a thousand vines worth a thousand
f By insisting on soliciting the aid of Assyria (see 2 Kings 16.7 ff.; -huMnv inK nci:3 v. 14.
cf. below. V. 20). "Treat as helpless" follows the translation of

Saadiaicf. Gen. 19.11.
"
g Meaning "with us is God.
h Cf note on v. 13.
i Who was hired by Ahaz; cf. notes on v\: 1} and 17.
j-j I.e.. the pubic hair.

860
—
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 8.7 n n"'yu;i d^k-'ij
shekels of silver'' shall become a wilderness of
thornbush and thistle. 240ne will have to go

there with bow and arrows,' for the country shall
be all thornbushes and thistles. ^SBut the perils

n^ni nw) T'pii/ riKi^ nK3\i; Kinn
of thornbush and thistle shall not spread to any
3 :nt7 D)3-i)3'7T "liii; nb]ijr2b
of the hills that could only be tilled with a hoe;'"
and here cattle shall be let loose, and "-sheep and
goats-" shall tramp about."
8 The Lord
and write on
said to
"in
me, "Get yourself a large
common script-" 'For
n
sheet it
\ur\ bb\u nnn^ u;1jk unnn vbv nnpi
Maher-shalal-hash-bazV' -ând call reliable wit-
riK Q''j?pKJ any ib rrvvKy^ -.n
nesses, the priest Uriah and Zechariah son of
Jeberechiah, to witness for Me." -Î was intimate
with the prophetess,'" and she conceived and
bore a son; and the Lord said to me, "Name bb\ij "inp i)3U7 Knp ">% mrT> "dokî
him Maher-shalal-hash-baz.'' ^For before the ^nx Knp '^)Jkri vy, b"iun '34 : t3 vjn
boy learns to call 'Father' and 'Mother,' the bb\u hxi pium '7-'n-nK 1
Kf^ '^ki
wealth of Damascus and the spoils of Samaria,
''and the delights of Rezin and of the son of
Remaliah,-'' shall be carried off before the king
: i?pK'7 1117 "''7K -131 nin"' qo'î 5
of Assyria."
n-tn nyn dku "is
]v? ^
VKb D-'pynn ribwri ^p riK

SAgain the Lord spoke to me, thus:
^"Because that people has spurned
The gently flowing waters of Siloam"'^
''Assuredly,
nn'''7i7 n'7yp°^nK mn
My Lord will bring up against them
The mighty, massive waters of the Euphrates, nla3-'73-nKi m\i7K "^^wtik
The king of Assyria and all his multitude. T'i7"'aK-V3-'7i7 n^yi
fc I.e., all the best farm land, corresponding to the hairiest parts
of the body; v. 20.
I Because of dangerous beasts,
m Marginal farm land, too rocky for the plow, corresponding to
areas of the body with scant hair,

n-n See note at Exod. 12. i.
a-a Meaning of Heh. uncertain.

b I.e., "Pillage hastens, looting speeds, " indicating that two cities
are to be pillaged at an early date; see v. 4.
c I.e., Isaiah's wife.

d-d Brought up from v. 6 for clarity.
e The conduit —and —
of Siloam conveyed into
later the tunnel
Jerusalem the waters of Gihon, which symbolize "the Lord of

Hosts who dwells on Mount Zion" (v. 18). For the nature of the
rejection see note at 7.13.
861
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 8.7 n n^'yu/"' a-'KUJ
It shall rise above all its channels,
And flow over all its beds,
Ând swirl through Judah like a flash flood
Reaching up to the neck./
vsja niu)p n^m

sBut with us is God,
Whose wings are spread
As wide as your land is broad!
^Band together, O peoples —you shall be bro-

ynK-iiprnn Vd irtKni
ken!
\T\rx\ n-TKrin
Listen to this, you remotest parts of the earth:
:inm nTKnrr
Gird yourselves—you shall be broken;
Gird yourselves— you shall be broken!
'"Hatch — a plot it shall be foiled;
nipT Kî Sni niii
Agree on action — it shall not succeed.
For with us is God!
•vry *rii7Tn^ -bvs mn^ nnK nD'-'3ii
"For this is what the Lord said to me, when :i)pK'7 njn-nvn "^nnî n^Vp 'j--id;'i
He took me by the hand'' and charged me not
to walk in the path of that people:
"lu/i? T\\r\ nyn inK^nu/K Vd"?
i2i"You must not call conspiracy;
iK-i-'n-k'p lK"iln-nKi
All that that people calls conspiracy,;
Nor revere what it reveres.
Nor hold it in awe.

niKny nirr-'-nK 13
i3None but the Lord of Hosts

Shall you account holy;
DKim Kim
Give reverence to Him alone, :DDy-!yp Kim
Hold Him alone in awe.
•4He shall be ^for a sanctuary,

A stone-*^ men strike against:
A rock men stumble over ^'7K")u;"' "inn "^wb

For the two Houses of Israel,
And a trap and a snare for those
Who dwell in lerusalem.
•5The masses shall trip over these

npini" -inK nom v. ii.
/ I.e.. judah shall be imperiled, but, in contrast to Aram and

Ephraim (v. 4), not destroyed,
g See note c at 7.9.
h I.e.. smgled me out; cf. 41.9, 13; 42.6; 45.1; Jer. 31.32 l3l}.
i The Heb. forms here and in vv. 13 and 19 are plural to include
the disciples (v. 16) and the children (v. 18).
j Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields ~holy": cf. v. 13.
k-k Emendation yields "...for His holy domain jcf. Ps. 114.2} I
A stone...
862
—
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 9.1 U rfyiy D''K''n3
And shaU fall and be injured,
Shall be snared and be caught.

i^Bind up the message,
Seal the instruction with My disciples."
i^So I will wait for the Lord, who is hiding

XT':!)? viB T'ripnrT mn^^ ^rriami^
His face from the House of Jacob, and I will trust
in Him. i^Here stand I and the children the
Lord has given me as signs and portents in Israel
from the Lord of Hosts, who dwells on Mount inn ]2^ri nlkny nin"" by)? '7K-iu7^n
Zion.
i9Now, should people say to you, "Inquire of
the ghosts and familiar spirits that chirp and
moan; for a people may inquire of its divine
beings' —of the dead on behalf of the living

x'p-DK ni^yn'pi niln^ 20 : n-'riTan-'^K
20for instruction and message," surely, for one
nnu; 1^"]"'k iu/k n-tn in"!? npK^
who speaks thus there shall be no dawn. 21 '"And
he shall go about in it wretched and hungry; and nyi^-'3 n^ni nv"ji n\^pj nn nnyiî
when he is hungry, he shall rage and revolt
against his king and his divine beings.'" He may nini u-'n;' yii<"'7Ki 22 : nb^-gh
turn his face upward 22or he may look below,
but behold.
Distress and darkness, "-with no daybreak;-" *i<b '323
nys "nb p:^m ^^\uKb ''^v^y2
Straitness and gloom, "with no dawn.-"
23Por o-if there were to be-" any break of day
ni='n nnv b^n ^ni i^npn pinKm
for that [land] which is in straits, only the for-
mer [king] would have brought abasement to
the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali
while the later one would have brought honor

to the Way of the Sea, the other side of the Jor-
dan, and Galilee of the Nations.^
/ "The people that walked in darkness V

Have seen a brilliant light; b"]!} niK iKT
On those who dwelt in a land of gloom
/ I.e., the shades of the dead; cf. 1 Sam. 28.13. "iV" nnK noua v. 23.
m-m This sentence would read well after v. 22.

n-n Meaning ofHeb. uncertain.
0-0 So IQIs'; the others have "there is not."
p Meaning of verse uncertain. The rendering here assumes that

"the former (king]" refers to Pekah (cf. 2 Kings 15.29) and "the
later" to Hoshea (ibid. 30). For the construction lu. . .ka'eth, see
Judg. 13-23.
a See note j at 5.30.

863
NEvi'iM ISAIAH 9.1 u n-iyw D^K^3j
Light has dawned. :DrT"''7y mj niK

2You have magnified that nation,
Have given it great joy; nn)pt£7n n'7i:in l"? Kb

They have rejoiced before You
As they rejoice at reaping time,
"i^Yi^n nnnu73
As they exuh
When dividing spoil.
:bb\L; Di^^nn
•^For the yoke that they bore

And the stick on their back
The rod of their taskmaster
You have broken as on the day of Midian.''
'^Truly, all the boots put on 'to stamp with-''
:]'nr2 ni"?3 nnnn
And all the garments donned in infamy
Have been fed to the flames, n^nin n'7^l:i73 nb-niu")
Devoured by fire. n3-i.\^'7 nn-'m

5For a child has been born to us, :tt;K nVbK??
A son has been given us.
And authority has settled on his shoulders.
He has been named inDU/-"?!/ niU^ân 'nrri

"The Mighty God is planning grace;''
iDu; Nip"!
The Eternal Father, a peaceable ruler"
În token of abundant authority

And of peace without limit
nnt^)3n nnnn"? nnnn'?^
Upon David's throne and kingdom.
yi?-]''K u'\b\Ljb^
That it may be firmly established
In justice and in equity
Now and evermore.

The zeal of the Lord of Hosts nj7iy31 U9U7)p3
Shall bring this to pass.
^My Lord
^Let loose a word'' against Jacob
And it fell upon Israel. "•jiK nb]ij 131
8But all the people noted/^
Ephraim and the inhabitants of Samaria

In arrogance and haughtiness:
i'73 Dyn "wi^T »
b See Judg. 7-S.

]1-iniy :l^)v^ nnax
c-c Meaning ofHeb.
cf. Targum.
uncertain; emendation yields "in Kickednesi ";
:'i}2Kb 22b Wm mK:i3
d As in 25.1.
e-e Septuagint reads 'Let loose pestilence": cf. Amos 4.10. In

w. 7-20 Isaiah alludes to and builds upon Amos 4.10-12.
f IQIs' reads 'shouted." 864
— — —— " "
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 9.17 u TT'VVJ'^ DiK-'lJ
^"Bricks have fallen
We'll rebuild with dressed stone;
Sycamores have been felled
We'll grow cedars instead!"
loSo the Lord let sthe enemies of Rezin-^

Triumph over it
vbv
And stirred up its foes
' 'Aram from the east

n-f|p Q^Kii
And Philistia from the west
Who devoured Israel
With greedy mouths.

I^K 2]u-i<b hKT-'7Dn
'2For the people has not turned back
To Him who struck it
And has not sought

The Lord of Hosts. nlKny np-i-nKT
'3So the Lord will cut off from Israel
Head and tail,

'7K"jt^='p nin^ nip;"! 13
Palm branch and reed,
In a single day.
iÊlders ''-and magnates-''

:-rnK uv
Such are the heads;
Prophets who give false instruction.
u;Knri Kin
Such are the tails'
i5That people's leaders have been misleaders.
So they that are led have been confused. :njTrT Knn

i6That is why my Lord D-'ynjp njn-Dyn nii/Kp vri'^^ 15
Will not sparei their youths,
Nor show compassion

To their orphans and widows;
For all are ungodly and wicked. vnjjp^K-nKT T')pn;'-nKi
And every mouth speaks impiety.
iTAlready wickedness has blazed forth like a

n'7nj -inM n3-'73T
fire
g-g Emendation yields "its enemies.

h-h Emendation yields "who practice partiality.
i Emendation yields "palm branches"; the elders and the prophets
are the leaders, the people are the led; cf. 3.1-2, 12.
Arabic samuha. IQls' reads yhmvi.
865 ;'
Cf.
HEVi'iM ISAIAH 9.17 u n^yw n-'K-'nj
Devouring thorn and thistle.
It has kindled the thickets of the wood,

^Which have turned into billowing smoke. *'
'Yet His anger has not turned back,

h2i<r\ n'!vj) Tinw
And His arm is outstretched still.'
"iV^n ""pnoB ni^ni
i^By the fury of the Lord of Hosts,
The earth was shaken."'
Next, the people became like devouring fire:
No man spared his countryman.
'^They snatched on the right, but remained u/k nV3Kn3 byn ^^^^^
hungry.
And consumed on the left without being
sated.
^V2\U Kb) bM<'t2p-bv b2i<'>)
Each devoured the flesh of his "own kin-
dred"
20Manasseh Ephraim's, and Ephraim Ma-
nasseh's,"
And both of them against JudahiP

n'y\'!i'>-bv nrpn mw
Yet His anger has not turned back. i3K :ivj-i<b nKT-'7D3
10 Ha! "in
Those who write out evil writs
And compose iniquitous documents, :inn3 briv D^nriDTpT

2To subvert the cause of the poor.
To rob of their rights the needy of My people;
^pv "JV UBU/D bub)
That widows may be their spoil,
n^^V; nij)p'7K nvryb
And fatherless children their booty!
3What will you do on the day of punishment.

n-ij?? uvb wvn-T\m 3
When the calamity comes from afar?
Kinn prn)3n hkiu;'?!
To whom will you flee for help,
nnrv':? iDijn ^yybv
And how will vou save vour carcasses"
:D3nn3 inivn hjki
k-k Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
I-I Moved down from v. 16 for clarity.
m Cf. note at 5.25.

n-n Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yieldi "fellow": cf.
Targum.
Alludes to the civil wan of 2 Kingi 15.10, 14-16, J5.
p Cf 7.1-9.
a Meaning of Heb. uncertain; for "carcasses." compare the

rendering o/lubod m v. 16; 22. IH.
"
NEvi'iM ISAIAH 10.13 •'

PfVU/"' Q-'Kâj
^Froni collapsing under [fellow] prisoners,

'T'DK nnn V"i3 "'^'754
From falling beneath the slain? iVqt n\Anrr nnni

And his arm is outstretched stiU.
5Ha!
Assyria, rod of My anger, 'ins
Hn whose hand, as a staff, is My fury!-^

61 send him against an ungodly nation, :''nVT DTî Kirrnuipi
I charge him against a people that provokes
Me, ^mK 'nnni; ny-^vi

To take its spoil and to seize its booty Til nb) ^bb]ij bbpb
And to make it a thing trampled D)pi?p ^'n^\uh^ ^r:wb•]
Like the mire of the streets. :niyin -im?
7But he has evil plans.
r^h'v ]Ti<b kini 7
His mind harbors evil designs;

nu/ri;' ]2-Kb mî
For he means to destroy,
To wipe out nations, not a few.
^For he thinks,
"After all, ^ I have kings as my captains!-'^

:D"'3^)p Tini ntf7 Kbrj
9Was Calno any different from Carchemish?
1J^3 t:;-'m-iD3 Kbr\9
Or Hamath from Arpad?
Or Samaria from Damascus? nm HEJIKD K'^'QK
lO'^-Since I was able to seize

:]1n)p'U7 p\Upl'2 k^-DK
The insignificant kingdoms, "T HKYip 1U/K3 10
Whose images exceeded

Jerusalem's and Samaria's,-''
iiShall I not do to Jerusalem and her images
What I did to Samaria and her idols?" '>nipv -ii^K? Kbrin
i2But when my Lord has carried out all his

purpose on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem, He^
will punish the majestic pride and overbearing
iniby)p-'73-nK '•'jik yyn:'-'3 r]^:}) n
arrogance of the king of Assyria, ispor he
'^"Trn$-'7i7 -rpQK n'û/n-'nT ]l^y nn:;i
thought,
"By the might of my hand have : vrv Dn n-!K?rT'7yi -nii7K-'q'7n nn^

I wrought it,
By my skill, for I am clever: "1)3K ''3 13
b-b Emendation yields "Who is a staff in the hand of my fury.

c-c Emendation yields "all the kingdoms fared alike!"
d-d Emendation yields "Since I was able to seize I those kingdoms
and their images, I Why is Jerusalem better than Samaria?"
"
e Heb. "I.
867
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 10.13 -.
n^yw D-'K-'^j
I have erased the borders of peoples;

I have plundered their treasures, •nti/lu; nrririninyi Dn^mTiyT
And exiled their vast populations./ :ainu;v *-i^:ik3 "inlKi
'''I was able to seize, like a nest.
The wealth of peoples;

As one gathers abandoned eggs,
niity n^'y*'? ^ti'OKDi
So / gathered all the earth:
Nothing so much as flapped a wing

c]J3 ly h^n i<b^
Or opened a mouth to peep."
'^Does an ax boast over him who hews with
it,
13 nynn bv ]h^ri iKsrr'n is
Or a saw magnify itself above him who wields

it?
As though the rod raised him who lifts it. :yi;-k'7 nu)3 nnn?
As though the staff lifted the man!.^
iÂssu redly, nlKiy mn"' liiKn nb\LJ'>
The Sovereign Lord of Hosts will send

A wasting away in its'' fatness; ip.T m3 nnpT
And under its body shall burn
A burning like that of fire,
Mjkb ^bK'w^-^'\i<. n"'m 17
i-Destroying frame and flesh.

n^ribb iu/npi
It shall be like a sick man who pines away.-i
^nw r^b:ii<.'\ nnvni
i^The Light of Israel will be fire
And its Holy One flame.

It will burn and consume its thorns
And its thistles in a single day,
nb^-' nwimvi wQ^p
'8And the mass of its scrub and its farm land. :DpJ Dpp3 nin")
i^What trees remain of its scrub
Shall be so few that a boy may record them.
20And in that day, Kinn ni"? i

nim2o
The remnant of Israel
And the escaped of the House of Jacob
Shall lean no more upon him that beats it,*^
/ Actonlin)^ to it. t>-7. Aayna was lo plutulcr, but not to exile.
g Lit. "iiol-wooJ."
h Presumably Israel's. These verses would read well after 9. 16.
i Cf. note at v. i.
j-j Brought up from v. 18 for clarity.

k I.e.. upon Assyria (see v. 24). Ahaz's reliance on Assyria was in-
terpreted by Isaiah as lack of faith m the Lokd; see 7.1} with

note.
"
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 10.29 >

n^V\U^ D^K^nj
But shall lean sincerely
On the Lord, the Holy One of Israel.

21 Only a remnant shall return, :iWl nK\^2i
Only a remnant of Jacob,
To Mighty God.
22Even if your people, O Israel,
Should be as the sands of the sea,

a^n '7ln3
Only a remnant of it shall return.
in mu/T -iK\y
Destruction is decreed;
ynn ]vb:2
Retribution comes like a flood!
23For my Lord God of Hosts is carrying out

np^nj"! n^3 -'323
A decree of destruction upon all the land.
-b:2 3-I.J73 nu/y mkny nin^ •'jik
24Assuredly, thus said my Lord God of Hosts: D : ynKH

"O My people that dwells in Zion, have no fear
of Assyria, who beats you with a rod and wields '7K nikny nin^ \pK n)3K-n3 ]3^ 24
his staff over you as did the Egyptians. 25For very n33i U3iy3 '^WKr2 ilîy nu;'"' -im Kyn
soon My wrath will have spent itself, and '-My -'3 25 : Dn^yp "qnis '?i\^y-Kti7'i mupi
anger that was bent on wasting them."' 26Xhe
-bv '>pK^ nvi n^3i -lym uyp ily
Lord of Hosts will brandish a scourge over him
nlK3Y mn'' vbv ni.lyi26 :Dni^nn
as when He beat Midian at the Rock of Oreb,'"
and will wield His staff as He did over the Egyp- \nu)3T nnly -nyn pin n3)?3 uiii;
tians by the sea.
27And in that day. Kinn nv:i 1 n"'m27

His burden shall drop from your back, •qjppu; bv)2 1^730 mo^
"And his yoke from your neck; •qiKiy b}j)2 iVyi
The yoke shall be destroyed because of fat-
n'>_:J-bv K3 28
28He advanced upon Aiath,
]ln^)33 nny
He proceeded to Migron,
At Michmas he deposited his baggage.
nn3i7)3 n3i; 29
29They made the crossing;
"Geba
^:lb ]ihi2 y3a
is to be our night quarters!""
Ramah was alarmed;
n)3-in hmn
/-/ Presumably Assyria; meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation
yields "My anger against the world shall cease.
m See Judg. 7.25.
n-n Emendation yields "And his yoke shall leave your neck. I He
came up from Jeshimon I -*B>' the ascent of Aiath, I He
proceeded to Migron: / At Michmas he commanded his forces:
/ '''Make the crossing; / Geba is to be our night quarters!'"
Jeshimon is the southeast comer of the Jordan Valley, Num.
21.20; 23.28; Aiath
869 is elsewhere called Ai.
MEvi'iM ISAIAH 10.29 1 n"'yu7"' D''K->nj
Gibeah of Saul took to flight. :nD2 bm]^ nvna

^•'"Give a shrill cry, O Bath-gallim!
Hearken, Laishah! r[ujib 'n-'U/i7n
Take up the cry, Anathoth!" :nirijy n^'^v

^'Madmenah ran away; nj)3"|)3 n~iiJ3i
The dwellers of Gebim sought refuge.

:ipi;ri wii^n 'nu;"'
-^^This same day at Nob
He shall stand and wave his hand."
O mount of Fair Zion!
O hill of Jerusalem!
The Sovereign Lord of Hosts
D :p'pu;TT' nra
^-^Lo!
Will hew off the tree-crowns with an ax:

nY-jyjpn n-jKQ riyon
The tall ones shall be felled,
The lofty ones cut down:

34The thickets of the forest shall be hacked
^''
away with iron. '7T-1115 -iv!in "'^îp li?-^")
And the Lebanon trees shall fall fin their
majesty. -P
11 But a shoot shall grow out of the stump 1UJ1 vup nun KYî K''
of Jesse, :nnQ'' v\u'WT2 nyji
A twig shall sprout from his stock. mn;' nn vbv nnji 2
2The spirit of the Lord shall alight upon him: nrm nn^n mi
A spirit of wisdom and insight, nnin>T hyv nn
A spirit of counsel and valor,
.nrn"! nK")-"! nvi nn
A spirit of devotion and reverence for the
mn^ nK"!;":? innrn. 3
Lord.
3"-He shall sense the truth" by his reverence
: n''3'i'' TiJTK VT^mb-iib)
for the Lord:
n^bi piyn udu;t 1
He shall not judge by what his eyes behold,
Nor decide by what his ears perceive.
•iThus he shall judge the poor with equity
And decide with justice for the lowly of the
land.
o I.e., ihf Aisynan king, arriving at Nob (close to IcniMlem), shall
beckon his army onward; cf. 13.2.
pp Or "by the bronze," connecting Heb. 'addir with Akkadian

urudu, "bronze."
aa ill "Ills sensing; 'shall he'": meaning ol lleh. uiicfrtam.

—
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 11.12 K-i rfyu/T D-'K''n3
He shall strike down a land^ with the rod of
his mouth
And slay the wicked with the breath of his lips. v^nn niTK pny nim 5
^Justice shall be the girdle of his loins,

And faithfulness the girdle of his waist.
6The wolf shall dwell with the lamb,

The leopard lie down with the kid;
^"-The calf, the beast of prey, and the fatling-f

:n3 AHJ ]Ui7 nyji
together.
With a little boy to herd them.
^The cow and the bear shall graze.
Their young shall lie down together;
And the lion, like the ox, shall eat straw.
8A babe shall play
Over a viper's hole.
And an infant pass'' his hand

Over an adder's den.
9In all of f-My sacred mount-f
Nothing evil or vile shall be done;
For the land shall be filled with devotion to
the Lord
As water covers the sea.
loin that day.
The stock of Jesse that has remained standing

Shall become a standard to peoples
Nations shall seek his counsel

3 :"Tin3 inmp nn'>r[']
And his abode shall be honored.

n'>w I 'pK yov Kinn Dl^n 1 n^m n
iiln that day, my Lord will apply His hand
again to redeeming the other part/ of His people
from Assyria — as also from Egypt, Pathros, Nu-
:n=;rT >ii<^m nnnpi nyjwpi q'^''^'?''
bia, Elam, Shinar, Hamath, and the coastlands.
'2He will hold up a signal to the nations

And assemble the banished of Israel,
And gather the dispersed of Judah
From the four corners of the earth. ly-iKn nl3J3 ynnx)?
b Emendation yields "the ruthless."

c-c IQIs' reads: "The calf and the beast of prey shall feed"; so too
the Septuagint.
d Meaning ofHeb. uncertain,
e-e I.e., the Holy Land; cf. Exod. 15.17; Ps. 78.54.
the part outside the Holy Land; "the rest that will remain."
871 f I.e., lit.
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 11.13 Ki TT'VVJ'' D-iK-inj
'^Then Ephraim's envy shall cease
And Judah's harassment shall end; in-)3"' nim"" niYT

Ephraim shall not envy Judah,
And Judah shall not harass Ephraim.
'*They shall pounce on the back of Philistia

to the west,
nfi^-'jn-nK ^ni nn:
And together plunder the peoples of the east;
Edom and Moab shall be subject to them
And the children of Ammon shall obey them.
'•^The Lord will dry up the tongue of the

Egyptian sea. — He will raise His hand over the inam inn n^vn imn-'?:; n^ q-'jm
Euphrates with the might'' of His wind and

break it into seven wadis, so that it can be trod- nK^pi nu/K 1)3V "iKî/"? nôn nn^rn i'^
den dry-shod. '^Thus there shall be a highway nvn bk-)\u->b nn^n ~\\ijk2 ^wkd
for the other part/ of His people out of Assyria,
such as there was for Israel when it left the land
of Egypt.
12 n that day, you shall say:

1''
"I give thanks to You, O Lord!
Although You were wroth with me,
Your wrath has turned back and You comfort
me,
^'nv^\lj'' bii nin2
2Behold the God who gives me triumph!
ifiQK i<.b^ nuDK
I am confident, unafraid;
mri^ ni nnpn '•Ty-^3
For Yah the Lord my strength and might,"
is
•.nvW'b ''b-iri^}
And He has been my deliverance."
pu/tf/n D^n-DnnKu;i3
•^Joyfully shall you draw water
:nyiu;-'n ^rvJpn
From the fountains of triumph,
''And you shall say on that day: Kinn Dl"!! arnaN"! 1
"Praise the Lord, proclaim His name. m\u2 iK-ip nin-''? nin
Make His deeds known among the peoples;
Declare that His name is exalted.
^Hymn the Lord,
For He has done gloriously;
Let this be made known riKT n)Jl^72 nyT-n

In all the world!
: y"iKn-'733
a Othen "song."
872
— " — —
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 13.8 r n''yU7-' n-iK-inj
60h, shout for joy,

You who dwell in Zion!
For great in your midst

Is the Holy One of Israel."
13 The"Babylon"Pronouncement,a proph- in''yu;T njn nu;K ^nn Kti/p A

ecy of Isaiah son of Amoz.
2"Raise a standard upon a bare hiU,
Cry aloud to them;

Wave a hand, and let them enter
The gates of the nobles!
31 have summoned My purified guests
To execute My wrath;
Behold, I have called My stalwarts,
My proudly exultant ones."" '>BKb
:"'rilKA ^vh>v
4Hark! a tumult on the mountains

As offe a mighty force; nnrt;n pnn "71174
Hark! an uproar of kingdoms.

Nations assembling! niD'pjpn pK\p b'\p
The Lord of Hosts is mustering
A host for war.
niKny mn^
ii7ap
5They come from a distant land,
-.n-Dnbiz Kny
From the end of the sky
pnnn y"iK)3 wk'^^
The Lord with the weapons of His wrath
To ravage all the earth!
"inVT ''b:2^ ^r[)rT>
6Howl!
For the day of the Lord is near;
It shall come like havoc from Shaddai.'^

^Therefore all hands shall grow limp.
And all men's hearts shall sink;
8And, overcome by terror, nr|-in ^^"'73 ]3"'7y7
They shall be seized by pangs and throes. :D)3'' U/IJK 3n'7-'7Dl

Writhe like a woman in travail. I i'7nnji8
The impending slaughter is spoken of as a sacrificial meal, for

jifriK''^ b^'^nni wy^
which the guests were notified to purify themselves ritually; cf.
Zeph. 1.7.
Meaning ofHeb. uncertain.

Traditionally rendered "the Almighty.
873
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 13.8 p n^'VU;"' D-'K-'n:!
They shall gaze at each other in horror,
Their faces <'-livid with fright. "^
•^Lo! The day of the Lord is coming

With pitiless fiary and wrath, ciK \^'^n^ rrnv^, ^'^\'2i<.
To make the earth a desolation,

nnu/"? \'^kr\ uwb
To wipe out the sinners upon it.
:m)3n T'nw;' rr-Kum
'*^The stars and constellations of heaven
Shall not give off their light;
The sun shall be dark when it rises.
And the moon shall diffuse no glow.
n"And I will requite to the world its evil.
And to the wicked their iniquity;

I will put an end to the pride of the arrogant
And humble the haughtiness of tyrants.
121 will make people scarcer than fine gold,
And men than gold of Ophir."
'^Therefore ^shall heaven be shaken, -^
And earth leap out of its place. pnK u-^mj \irbv 13
At the fury of the Lord of Hosts

On the day of His burning wrath.
nlKny mn-" m.nyn
•''Then like gazelles that are chased.
:iE)K pnn avni
And like sheep that no man gathers.
nin '3^3 Tiirr] h
Each man shall turn back to his people,
y3p)3 I^Kl ]Ny31
They shall flee every one to his land.
J5A11 who remain shall be pierced through,
All who /are caught/
-IJ71"' Kyn^rT'73 15
Shall fall by the sword.
'6And their babes shall be dashed to pieces
n3Djn-'73T
in their sight. :3in3 '713-'
Their homes shall be plundered.

And their wives shall be raped. DrT"'n3 iDi^""
:nj33\i7n r^-b-wn nrTiu/JT

'T^'Behold,
I stir up the Medes against them.

Who do not value silver
Or delight in gold.
^nwRT Kb r|p3nu;K
d-d Taking the root Ihb as a variant ofh\\\: othrrs "ihall be faces
:i3-iy3n-' lib nnn
"
of flame.
"
e-e Lit. 'I will shake heaven.
/-/ Meaning of Heb. uncertain; etnendatton ytelds 'flee."
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 14.4 T. rT>V\U'> D^K^nj
'8Their bows shall shatter the young;

They shall show no pit)' to infants,
They shall not spare the children."
iÂnd Babylon, glor)' of kingdoms,

Proud splendor of the Chaldeans,
Shall become like Sodom and Gomorrah
Overturned by God.
20Nevermore shall it be settled
nyib n\^n-K'7 2o
Nor dwelt in through all the ages.
No Arab shall pitch his tent there,

^nny nu; bnyiib-i
No shepherds make flocks lie down there.
21 But beasts'' shall lie down there.
And the houses be filled with owls;''

D"Y Du;-nyn-ii 21
There shall ostriches make their home,

And there shall satyrs dance. mv} nun d^ ^jdu;i
22And jackals'' shall abide in its castles
And dragons'" in the palaces of pleasure. vnUn'^Kn ^''K 712V^ 22
Her hour is close at hand;
Her days will not be long. nny Kin'p niipi
14 But the Lord will pardon Jacob, and will T'

again choose Israel, and will settle them on their
own soil. And strangers shall join them and shall :lpyT n^:i-^V THBDJl Ut]''bv nAH
cleave to the House of Jacob. 2For peoples shall
b?pip?3-'7K awnni umv mni7'7T2
take them« and bring them to their homeland;
nin^ HTGiK b:jbkip^,-n^';i m'7njrin"i
and the House of Israel shall possess them'' as
un-'2Ujb Dîlu; vri) niriQu;'?! n^-iny'?
slaves and handmaids on the soil of the Lord.
They shall be captors of their captors and mas- D :DrfU7m nil
ters to their taskmasters. ^SYV?? "^b nin^ n^jn uv:i n^rn3
3And when the Lord has given you rest from
your sorrow and trouble, and from the hard ser- ^nn "^br^-b:; nin b\LJ)pr[ nKtz;j"i4 r-^n
vice that you were made to serve, 4you shall re-
cite this song of scorn over the king of Babylon:
How is the taskmaster vanished,
How is oppression^ ended!
"namn" nn^ noijn v. 4.

a I.e., the House of Jacob,
b I.e., the peoples.
c Reading rmrhehah with IQIs' fcf. Septuagint). The traditional
875 reading madhebah is of unknown meaning.

NEVi'iM ISAIAH 14.5 T. pT'yU/"' D-'K-'nj
5The Lord has broken the staff of the wicked, niyw") nun mn'' "intp 5
The rod of tyrants,

^That smote peoples in wrath
With stroke unceasing, nno 'n'73 nan
That belabored nations in fury nîa ^c^Kn nin
In relentless pursuit. :ilt£7n '^5 ^'r^'n
7A11 the earth is calm, untroubled;
Loudly it cheers.
«Even pines rejoice at your fate,
And cedars of Lebanon:

"Now that you have lain down.
None shall come up to fell us."
nn3U7 mn
9Sheol below was astir
To greet your coming ^[h nnn nnnn b'\k\u9
Rousing for you the shades

Of all earth's chieftains,
Raising from their thrones
All the kings of nations.

"Âli speak up and say to you,
"So you have been stricken as we were,
n^3 10
^•''7K ^npK"'') ijvi
You have become like us!
nriK-m
iJiDD rr-Vn
11 Your pomp is brought down to Sheol,
:nb\u)2:i ir'^K
And the strains of your lutes!
ÎKA "îKu; Tim 11
Worms are to be your bed,

T)\^n^ nipn
Maggots your blanket!"
:ny'?in ^"'ddtd^
i2How are you fallen from heaven,
O Shining One, son of Dawn!''
How are you felled to earth,
vanquisher of nations!
i30nce you thought in your heart,

"I will climb to the sky;
Higher than the stars of God ^^nn^n nipK nriKT i-^
1 will set my throne.

n'pvK D"'n\frn
'7K-'n3ip'7 '7V?3)3
d A character in some lost myth.
876
—
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 14.21 IT n"'y\y"' n^K^nj
I will sit in the mount of assembly,^

On the summit of Zaphon:/
141 will mount the back of a cloud
I will match the Most High."

isjnstead, you are brought down to Sheol,
Tiin b'lKp-bK i]K 15
To ^the bottom of the Pit.-.?

^.'^'\2r'>n:2y_-bK
i6They who behold you stare;
^^îp'i ^^'^k '•^"'K"i i6
They peer at you closely:
"Is this the man

^\z;"'Kn ntn
Who shook the earth,
Who made realms tremble,
:niDVn)p U7"'y~!)3
i^Who made the world like a waste
And wrecked its towns,

nii1)33 ^nn uvj 17
''Who never released his prisoners to their
homes?"
18A11 the kings of nations ub^ d;'U '>2b'n-b'3 is
Were laid, every one, in honor''
Each in his tomb;

i^While you were left lying unburied,
Like loathsome carrion,'
Like a trampled corpse
[In] the clothing of slain gashed by the sword

Who sink to the very stones of the Pit.
20Y0U shall not have a burial like them;

nninpn briK nnn-K'pzo
Because you destroyed iyour country,
rinu; jl^l^S""'?
Murdered your people. -i
Let the breed of evildoers
Nevermore be named!
21 Prepare a slaughtering block for his sons :n"'i;'i.)p ynT
Because of the guilt of their father.'^'

nnu)3 vnb iJ"'pn2i
Let them not arise to possess the earth!
Then the world's face shall be covered with
towns.
e /.e., the assembly of the gods in council,
f The abode of the gods; cf Ps. 48.3.
g-g A region of the netherworld reserved for those who have not
received decent burial: cf. Ezek. 32.21 ff.
h-h Emendation yields "Wlio chained to his palace gate I All the
kings of nations? I Yet they were all laid in honor. . .

" The
practice of chaining captive chieftains to gates is attested in
Mesopotamia.
So several ancient versions: cf.postbiblicalnesel, "putrefyingflesh
"
or blood.
Emendation yields "...countries, / Murdered peoples."
877 Heb. "fathers."
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 14.22 T" rr'yu;"' •K-'nj
--I will rise up against them — declares the
Lord of Hosts — and will wipe out from Baby-

lon name and remnant, kith and kin —declares
the Lord — 23and I will make it a home of
bitterns,' pools of water. I will sweep it with a

D :nlKny mn^ dk^
broom of extermination — declares the Lord of
Hosts.
24The Lord of Hosts has sworn this oath: nn^n ]3 "'n'')3"i iu/ks k'i^-nx
"As I have designed, so shall it happen;
What have planned, that

I shall come to pass: "if^Kn nu7K inu;^ 25
25To break Assyria in My land,
To crush him on My mountain."'"
And his yoke shall drop off them,

And his burden shall drop from their" backs.
26That is the plan that is planned

For all the earth;
That is why an arm is poised

.nmri-b:i-bv
Over all the nations.
27For the Lord of Hosts has planned,
Who then can foil it?
It is His arm that is poised.

3 :mn''\:;T m^
And who can stay it?
28This pronouncement was made in the year Kti7)3n T^lTl TpK ^bl^ri n1n-nj\f;3 28
that King Ahaz died: :n;TrT
2'^Rejoice not, all Philistia, qâ nu7^Q 'n)pt^ri-'7K29
Because the staff of him that beat you is bro- 113)3 U3iy i^m •'3
ken. VEjy KY"'. WnJ W-);\£7)3-'3
For from the stock of a snake there sprouts

an asp, •''71 nl33 ivnT '"
A flying seraph" branches out from it.

lyn-i-" nun"? 'J1"'3nt
30p-The first-born of the poor shall graze-r
îbnu; hynn ""rDprTi
And the destitute lie down secure.
'H will kill your stock by famine,')
/ Meaning of Heb. tincenain.
m Heb. "mounlains": for the designation o) the entire himl of Israel

as the Lord's mountain, cf. 11.9.
n Heb. "his. " The last /h'o lines of this verse woulil read well after
V. 26.
Others "fiery serpent": cf. Num. 21.6, H.
p-p Emendation yields "The poor shall graze in his pasture. " This
line and tlie next would read well after v. 32.
ij-ij l-.mendalion yields "It shall kill your offspring with its venom
(zjr'ckh biToshii)."
"
NEvi'iM ISAIAH 15.5

iu rr'yu;"' D->K''n:
And it shall slay the very last of you.

3 'Howl, O gate; cry out, O city;
Quake, ail Philistia!
'-For a stout one is coming from the north

And there is no straggler in his ranks. -^
32And what will he answer the messengers of

any nation? 'ir-'DK^jp my;'-™ 32
That Zion has been established by the
Lord:
Init, the needy of His
people shaD find shelter. D :i?3V "jy ion-' rrn^
15 The "Moab" Pronouncement. nKl73 Kti/n lU

Ah, in the night Ar was sacked,
Moab was ruined;
Ah, in the night Kir was sacked,
Moab was ruined. ijp bib:i 12
:n)p-Tj nKiu-Tip
2He went up to the temple to weep,
Dibon« [went] outdoor to the shrines.
Over Nebo and Medeba
Moab is wailing;
On every head is baldness.
Every beard is shorn.
3In its streets, they are girt with sackcloth;
:ni7nA ][Prb2
On its roofs, in its squares,
Everyone is wailing.
rr^rinn-ini ri^nm bv
Streaming with tears.
^Heshbon and Elealeh cry out,

Their voice carries to Jahaz.
.'>222 ly
Therefore,
^-The shock troops of Moab shout, -^
His body is convulsed.

5My heart cries out for Moab— lyn^ bKl?3 ly^n
His fugitives flee down to Zoar, •^b nvT iu/Qj
To Eglath-shelishiyah. pvv nKi?3> 12b 3
For the ascent of Luhith
r-r Meaning ofHeb. uncertain; the rendenng

"stout one" is sug-
gested by the Syriac 'ashshln.
a Regarded as the principal city of Moab.

b-h Change of vocalization yields "The loins of Moab are
trembling.
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 15.5 10 rr'yu/'' d-'k-'^j
They ascend with weeping;

On the road to Horonaim
They raise a cry of anguish. :nvV:' "inu;-ni7i7T
6Ah, the waters of Nimrim

Are become a desolation;
The grass is sear,
The herbage is gone,

Vegetation is vanished.
:n-;rT i<h
pî
''Therefore,
The gains they have made, and their stores.
They carry to the Wadi of Willows.
**Ah, the cry has compassed

The country of Moab:
All the way to Eglaim her wailing. nKin '7inrnK
Even at Beer-elim her wailing!
'Ah, the waters of Dimon are full of blood^

For I pour added [water] on Dimon;
I drench'' it — for Moab's refugees
With soil'" for its remnant.
16 "Dispatch as messenger -13-inVu; I w

The ruler of the land.
From Sela in the wilderness
To the mount of Fair Zion:
2"Like fugitive birds.
Like nestlings driven away,

nVu/n IP
Moab's villagers linger
By the fords of the Arnon.

^Give advice,
''Offer counsel.-''
At high noon make

Tj'^y b^b:i "TT'I^
"
c Emendation yields "lean.
d Cf. 16.9.
e Emendation yields "tears'; cf. Vgaritic 'dm't.
a Meaning ofw. I and 2 uncertain,

880
" — " —
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 16.9 Tu n"'i;\y n''K''ij
Your shadow like night:
Conceal the outcasts,

Betray not the fugitives. :''Ân-'7K Til
4Let '•-Moab's outcasts-^
Find asylum in you;

Be a shelter for them
in'? "inp-'in
Against the despoiler."
For violence has vanished,

Rapine is ended,
And marauders have perished from this land.
5And a throne shall be established in goodness
:y"!KrT-])3 Dp"! mn
In the tent of David,
And on it shall sit in faithfulness n)3K3 vb^ nu/î
A ruler devoted to justice 11T 7ri'Kn
And zealous for equity.'^
6"We have heard of Moab's pride
Most haughty is he
Of his pride and haughtiness and arrogance.
And of the iniquity in him."«
D :T''nii ]2-i<b
7Ah, let Moab howl;
Let all in Moab howl!
nKin 7''^'^^ pb'7
For the raisin-cakes/ of Kir-hareseth
You shall moan most pitifully.
8The vineyards of Heshbon are withered,

And the vines of Sibmah;
''Their tendrils spread b^)2K ]liiu;n°nlmu; •'3 8
To Baale-goiim,-''
And reached to lazer.

And strayed to the desert; ri"'i?ntf; m^n
Their shoots spread out ly^j "iTv:''ii;
And crossed the sea.
"^Therefore,
:D"; nny lu/uj
As I weep for lazer,
So I weep for Sibmah's vines;
c-c Heb. "my outcasts, Moab. hrv:' 'pnn n^nx

d 14.32, above, would read well here.
e Baddaw is a suffixed form of the preposition bede: Nah. 2.13;

Hab. 2.13; Job 39.25; with suffixes, job 11.3, 41.4.
f Jer. 48.36 has "men.
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 16.9 TU rT'VU/"' D-'K-'nJ
Heshbon and Elealeh,
1 drench you with my tears.
.v'-Ended are the shouts
Over your fig and grain harvests. \?
'"Rejoicing and gladness

Are gone from the farm land;
In the vineyards no shouting
]n''-k'7 n^xDisni
Or cheering is heard.
i/VT' i<b
No more does the treader
Tread wine in the presses
T^'^n "I'lT'-k'?
The shouts ''have been silenced.''
• 'Therefore,
Like a lyre my heart moans for Moab, P'^^V '
And my very soul for Kir-heres. mni "11^33 2kmb "'vn
tu/nn ^^^>\?b •>3.•^\?^
iÂnd when it has become apparent that
Moab has gained nothing in the outdoor shrine, -bv 3Kl)3 riKbr^:;} nK-)r"'3 n^'m '^
he shall come to pray in his temple —but to no

avail.
:'73T'
'-'That is the word that the Lord spoke con-
cerning Moab long ago. '''And now the Lord
nKln-'7K mn^ n3T nu7K -liin nT'3
has spoken: In three years, fixed like the years

\ub^j:l Hwk'? niH"" "i3i nnvi '•»
: tkd
of a hired laborer, Moab's population, with all nkiD nl33 n^pJT T'3ti7 -"jw? b^ju;
its huge multitude, shall shrink. Only a remnant Kl"? nyra uyp -iku/i nin ]1?3rTn b'bn
shall be left, of no consequence. D : 'T'33
17 The "Damascus" Pronouncement. PU;?31 Ki£7D T''
Behold,
Damascus shall cease to be a city;
"i-'V'? "ip^^ P^^l
It shall become a heap of ruins.
2"-The towns of Aroer shall be deserted;*^
They shall be a place for flocks
To lie down, with none disturbing.
g-g If- 48.32 reads "A ravager has come down I Upon your fig
and grape harvesli.
h-h Lit. "I have silenced."
a-a Emendation yields (cf. SepluaginI) "lis towns sludt he deserted

forevermore.
88:
— — " "
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 17.11

V rr'û;"' n-'x-'n
^Fortresses shall cease from Ephraim,^

And sovereignty from Damascus;
The remnant of Aram shaU become
Like the mass of Israelites
— declares the Lord of Hosts.
4In that day,
The mass of Jacob shall dwindle,
And the fatness of his body become lean:

5After being like the standing grain -.nn^ ntz/n ]y2\LJm
Harvested by the reaper ^c]DK3 njni?

Who reaps ears by the armfril
He shall be like the ears that are gleaned

In the Valley of Rephaim.
60nly gleanings shall be left of him, "
As when one beats an olive tree:
Two berries or three on the topmost branch,

Four or five ^-on the boughs of the crown -^-
"i^pK i:7Kn3 nnnj n\i;b\u n^:w

— declares the Lord, the God of Israel.
7In that day, men shall turn to their Maker,

their eyes look to the Holy One of Israel; sthey
shall not turn to the int^V-'^v DiKPT nvu;^ i^^riri d1''ii7
altars that their own hands
made, or look to the sacred posts and incense
stands that their own fingers wrought. nu7xi vii nu/i/n nin3TrarT-'7K nyi^^
9In that day, their fortress cities shall be like
the deserted sites which '^-the Horesh and the

:D^JQnrT1
Amir-^ abandoned because of the Israelites; and
nniTi;3 i-Ti7?p n:; i
vn^ K^firi Di=iii9
there shall be desolation.
^j-i îB)2 nry iu;x -i-')pKrn u/n.nri
lOTruly, you have forgotten the God who

:nr\)2\u nn^m bK-iiu'i
saves you
And have not remembered the Rock who

shelters you;
That is why, though you plant a delightful-
sapling.
What you sow proves a disappointing slip.
1 lOn the day that you plant, you see it grow;
"
b Emendation yields "Aram.
c-c Lit."on her boughs, the many-branched one.
d-d Septuagint reads "the Amorites and the Hivites.
e Emendation yields "true." So Vulgate (cf. Septuagint); cf. Jer.
883
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 17.11 V n"'i;u;"> ^Nâj
On the morning you sow, you see it bud

But the branches wither away
On a day of sickness and mortal agony. D -.miK nKDT ubm Dvn
•-Ah, the roar of many peoples

D-'ni n-irav I'iJ^n -"iri 12
That roar as roars the sea,
The rage of nations that rage
As rage the mighty waters

'^Nations raging like massive waters!
But He shouts at them, and they flee far away,

pn-i)3)p DJi in nv^l
Driven like chaff before winds in the hills,
And like tumbleweed before a gale.

nn-^JD^ bnn y>p3 tq-ini
'Ât eventide, lo, terror!
By morning, it is no more. r]r[b2 mni hii; nvb n

Such is the lot of our despoilers.
The portion of them that plunder us. ij-'piu; pbn nj
18 Ah,
''-land in the deep shadow of wings,-"
Beyond the rivers of Nubia!
2Go, swift messengers.

To a nation ''far and remote.
To a people thrust forth and away-''
A nation of gibber and chatten
unini "iî^pn m-bi<.
Whose land is cut off by streams;
''-Which sends out envoys by sea,
In papyrus vessels upon the water!-''

:iyiK nnnj iktii-"iu;k
3[Say this:]
"All you who live in the world
And inhabit the earth.
When a flag is raised in the hills, take note!
When a ram's horn is blown, give heed!"

''For thus the Lord said to me:
aa Or "Most sheltered land"; cf., e.g.. 30.2, 3; Ps. 36.8: 57.2; 61.5.
c Meaning of Heb. uncertain; cf. 2H. 10. Hiblical writers often char-
acterize distant nations by their unintelligible speech; cf. 33.19;
Deut. 28.49; ler. 5.15.
d-d Brought down from beginning ofverse for clarity: The Hebrew'
verb for "sends" agreesin gender with "nation," not \Mth "land."
— — —
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 19.2 V rr'yu/"' n-ix-inj
"I rest calm and confident^ in My habita- jlDjpn nv^KT nui7U7K nuipu7x
tion HY n'na
niK-^'^y
Like a scorching heat upon sprouts, :T'Yi7 nnn bv nv3
/-Like a rain-cloud in the heat of reaping
time."-/ nyj njri} bm non^

5For before the harvest,gyet after the budding,
nln)3T)35 b-'VT^-Tn nnî
When the blossom has hardened into berries. :Tnn ^^rjTi niU7û;in-nxT
He will trim away the twigs with pruning
hooks.
And lop off the trailing branches.''
6They shall all be left
To the kites of the hills
And to the beasts of the earth;
The kites shall summer on them

And all the beasts of the earth shall winter on
them. nixny nrn^b ''i^-b:iv
7In that time,
Tribute shall be brought to the Lord of Hosts

[From] a people far and remote. lyiK nnnj win -iu/k
From a people thrust forth and away
A nation of gibber and chatter,
Whose land is cut off by streams
At the place where the name of the Lord of

Hosts abides.
At Mount Zion.
19 The "Eg\^t" Pronouncement. nnyn KtZÛ Ul

Mounted on a swift cloud, 'bp_ :i^~bv riDn nin^ mn
The Lord will come to Egypt;
Egypt's idols shall tremble before Him, iijan nnyn ''?"''7K ii;Ji
And the heart of the Egyptians shall sink
within them.
2"I will incite Egyptian against Egyptian:

They shall war with each other,
e Cf. hibbit "w re/y" f/ob 6.19). The related noun mabbat occurs
with similar meaning in Isa. 20.5, 6.
f-f I.e., like a threat of disaster; cf. Eccl. 11.4.
g Emendation yields "vintage."

h A figure of speech for the defeated enemy.
885
NEvi'iM ISAIAH 19.2 u-- n^yw D-'K-'nj
Every man with his fellow,
City with city
And kingdom with kingdom."
3Egypt shall be drained of spirit,
And I will confound its plans;

v^nj<; inyyi
So they will consult the idols and the shades
And the ghosts and the familiar spirits.
4And I will place the Egyptians
At the mercy of a harsh master.

nu;i7 "'JiK Till
And a ruthless king shall rule them"
nn-bu/pT TV
— declares the Sovereign, the Lord of Hosts.
']^}2^
sWater shall fail from the seas,
Rivers dry up and be parched,

^Channels turn foul as they ebb, •.\LJ'2i'] nin;" nmi
And Egypt's canals run dry.
Reed and rush shall decay, "liyjp nK"' inini ^bbi

''^-And the Nile papyrus by the Nile-side''
And everything sown by the Nile
Shall wither, blow away, and vanish. nik^ yyr: Vdi

8The fishermen shall lament;
All who cast lines in the Nile shall mourn.

And those who spread nets on the water shall
languish.
'The flax workers, too, shall be dismayed,

nlj^ntz; Dinu/p 'inV w:l^ '^
Both carders and weavers chagrined.''

"^'•^Her foundations shall be crushed.
And all who make dams shall be despondent.
"Utter fools are the nobles of Tanis;

The sagest of Pharaoh's advisers ]V'^ """Iji^ D-''71N--1K 11
(Have made] absurd predictions.

How can you say to Pharaoh,
"I am a scion of sages,
A scion of Kedemite kings"?''
'2Where, indeed, are your sages? :

D-[.i7."'3'7?p-]n
a I.e., the various districts of Eg}'pt, which in Isaiah' i time were

governed by hereditary princes,
c Meaning of verse uncertain: emendation yields "Her dnnkers
shall be dejected, I And all her brewers despondent.
d Or "advisers. " The wisdom of the Kedemites was proverbial: cf.
I Kings 5.10.
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 19.21 ui rfyiy 'K''nj
Let them tell you, let them discover

What the Lord of Hosts has planned against
Egypt. IVY ntp 1^7X1 J 13
i3The nobles of Tanis have been fools,
The nobles of Memphis deluded;

Egypt has been led astray
:ri''unii; n3$
By the chiefs of her tribes.
i4The Lord has mixed within her

D-'Viv nn
A spirit of distortion.
inti7i7}p-'7Dn bnYjp-riK ivrini
Which shall lead Egypt astray in all her un-
:'iK"'p:a -il3U7 nlynns
dertakings
nu/yp n.irp'? n^n-'-k'pi is
As a vomiting drunkard goes astray;
i5Nothing shaU be achieved in Egypt

By either head or tail,
D :]lmKl n33
Palm branch or reed.''
n-iu/as Dnyp n^n;' Kinn ni';ni6
i6In that day, the Egyptians shall be like
women, trembling and terrified because the nn"'nfi7 -.vbv ^"^2)2 kih-iu/k nikny
Lord of Hosts will raise His hand against them.
iTAnd the land of Judah shall also be the dread
nYi7 •'JQjp nnEj;' vbii nn'K '\->:2V
of the Egyptians; they shall quake whenever
anybody mentions it to them, because of what
D :vbv yvv K^n-iu/K nikny mn^
the Lord of Hosts is planning against them. y-iK3 nny i^/un "vw iiîl'^ nlîn is
i8In that day, there shall be several/ towns in the

land of Egypt speaking the language of Canaan -ipK^ D-inn iî; niKny ^rp^h
and swearing loyalty to the Lord of Hosts; one^
shall be called Town of Heres.''
Tiinn n)r[^b him n-jn^ Kinn uv:^ 19
i9In that day, there shall be an altar to the

:nrn^b n'7inr '7yK nn^^ni Q"'1^P V!>5
Lord inside the land of Egypt and a pillar to
y-iKS nlK^v np-'^ lyb'T niK^ n^riT 20
the Lord at its border.' 20Xhey shall serve as a
symbol and reminder of the Lord of Hosts in
the land of Egypt, so that when [the Egyptians]
cry out to the Lord against oppressors. He will Dnyp ivTi nnyp^ h)r['> yil^vi
send them a savior and champion to deliver
them. 21 For the Lord will make Himself known
to the Egyptians, and the Egyptians shall ac-
knowledge the Lord in that day, and they shall
e I.e., a man of either high or tow station; cf. 9.13, 14.
f Lit. "five."
g Or "each one."
h Meaning uncertain. Many Heb. mss. read heres, "sun," which
may refer to Heliopolis, i.e., Sun City, in Egypt. Targum's "Beth
Shemesh" (cf. Jer. 43.13) has the same meaning.
i As a symbol of the Lord's sovereignty over Egypt.
887
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 19.21 u". rT'VW n^K-inj
serve [Him] with sacrifice and oblation and mn"' C1AJ122 '.^^nh\Lj•] mn"'^ nirmji
shall make vows to the Lord and fulfill them.
22The Lord will first afflict and then heal the
Egyptians; when they turn back to the Lord, He

bny)3p nbvri n^nn Kinn nv^2i
will respond to their entreaties and heal them.
-Hn that day, there shall be a highway from
D mwK-riK nnyp ^~i=iV^ mi^^K-i
Egypt to Assyria. The Assyrians shall join with
the Egyptians and Egyptians with the Assyrians,

and then the Egyptians together with the As-
syrians shall serve [the Lord].
qnii iipx'? niKny mn^ iDn? "iu;k 25

2-11 n that day, Israel shall be a third partner
with Egyît and Assyria as a blessing' on earth;
25for the Lord of Hosts will bless them, saying,
"Blessed be My people Egypt, My handiwork
Assyria, and My very own Israel."
20 It was the year that the Tartan" came

to Ashdod —being sent by King Sargon of
Assyria — and attacked Ashdod and took it.
"fn n)r['! -iST K"'riri n}j:i 2 : ni^b'^'T
2Previously,'' the Lord had spoken to Isaiah son
of Amoz, saying, "Go, untie the sackcloth from
bvi2 y"?!!]! •jj'pvJ") ^"'î^J? bvi2 pt^n
your loins and take your sandals off your feet,"
which he had done, going naked and barefoot.

3And now the Lord said, "It is a sign and a por-
tent for Egypt and Nubia. Just as My servant nsim niK b^Jip \ubuj ^ni) any
Isaiah has gone naked and barefoot for three
years, -^so shall the king of Assyria drive off the u;i3 m^rriKi anyn ""nw-riK -^wk
captives of Egypt and the exiles of Nubia, young np ""pwn) tqnî Diiy "'Jpn nny;!
and old, naked and barefoot and with bared
una Vi3)p wni inni 5 nn^T^ miy
—
:
buttocks to the shame of Egypt! ?And they

""Kn nib'"" "inKf f-
: aniKSJ^ nnyp-im
shall be dismayed and chagrined because of Nu-
bia their hope and Eg)^pt their boast. 'An that
—lU/K iJunn n'D-n^rF 'Kinn uv:^ "n-Tn
day, the dwellers of this coastland shall say, 'If
this could happen to those we looked to, to D :^JmK Vbm "T'KT
whom we fled for help and rescue from the king

of Assyria, how can we ourselves escape?'"
) I.e., a ilaniiard b)' which blessing is invoked; cf. Gen. 12.2 with
note.
a An Assyrian title meaning "General"; cf. 2 Kings lH.l7and note,
b Lit. ".-Xl that time."

— '
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 21.7 K3 n''i7U/i n''K''nj
21 "The
ment.-«
"Desert of the Sea" Pronounce- ti'i-nm): Ktz^n KD
Like the gales
That race through the Negeb,

It comes from the desert,
The terrible land.

nu/i? mm 2
2A harsh prophecy
Has been announced to me:
h;iin I "FAinn
"The betrayer is ''-betraying,
The ravager ravaging.''
Advance, Elam!
Lay siege, Media!
f-I have put an end
To all her sighing.''-^ :"'rinu7n
^Therefore my loins
Are seized with trembling;
I am gripped by pangs
Like a woman in travail.
Too anguished to hear.
Too frightened to see.
4My mind is confused,

'nn'7 nyn 4
I shudder in panic.
•'jnni/n my^3
My night of pleasure
He has turned to terror:
5"Set the table!"

:m-in'7 ^b n^
To "Let the watchman watch!"
"Eat and drink!"
To "Up, officers! Grease^ the shields! nnu; "îdk
6For thus my Lord said to me:

"Go, set up a sentry;
Let him announce what he sees.
7He will see mounted men. :T'r riKy, "iiz;k
Horsemen in pairs
Riders on asses.
a-a Emendation yields "The 'From the Desert' Pronouncement,

agreeing with the phrase farther on in the verse,
b-b Emendation yields "betrayed. .. ravaged"; cf. 33.1. HDI 'n v. 2.
c-c Emendation yields "Put an end to all her merrymaking!"
339 '' Emendation yields "Grasp."

NEvi'iM ISAIAH 21.7 KD iT'VIZ;"' D''K''n:
Riders on camels
And he will listen closely, nu7p. n''u;pn'i
Most attentively." : nu/p'ni

8And ''-[like] a lion he-'' called out:
/-"On my Lord's lookout-/ 1 stand -rpy ""Sjk ""nK i r[ByT2-bv

Ever by day,
And at my post I watch
Every night.
9And there they come, mounted men
Horsemen in pairs!"
Then he spoke up and said,
"Fallen, fallen is Babylon,
And all the images of her gods
Have crashed to the ground!"

'Os-My threshing, the product of my thresh- :y-iK^ ^^^p
ing floor:-.?
What I have heard from the Lord of Hosts,

The God of Israel '^KlU/"' 'rf'7K
That I have told to you.
"The "Dumah"'' Pronouncement. nnn Kt:;)3ii
A call comes to me from Seir:

"VV^n Kip ''^K
"Watchman, what of the night?
Watchman, what of the night?"
'2The watchman replied,
"Morning came, and so did night.
If you would inquire, inquire.
Come back again."

vv"! ]rvnn-DK
i-^The "In the Steppe" Pronouncement.
In the scrub, in the steppe, you will lodge,
O caravans of the Dedanites! ir'^n hivn -lyn

'•Meet the thirsty with water. ;D''ni niniK
You who dwell in the land of Tema; D'ln rnn xpy nKi.p'7 n
(ireet the fugitive with bread.
'5For they have fled before swords:

: i-ij i?3ip inn^3
e-e IQIs' reads ~The watcher."
"
mj nimn 'J3n">3 15
f-f Or "On a lookout, my lord.
g-g Connection of Heb. uncertain,

h Name of a people; cf. Gen. 25. 14.
890
—
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 22.5 33 n^yiy DiK''nj
Before the whetted sword,

Before the bow that was drawn,
Before the stress of war.
i^For thus my Lord has said to me: "In an-

"jj^â nj\i7 iii73 "ibK \pi<. npK nb-'3 16
other year, fixed like the years of a hired laborer,

all the multitude of Kedar shall vanish; i^the re-
maining bows of Kedar's warriors shall be few

in number; for the Lord, the God of Israel, has
spoken.
22
ment.
The "-"Valley of Vision"-" Pronounce- ]Vm K'ljl Kti7)p ID
''What can have happened to you
:nmb "qVa ri'''7i;-'3
That you have gone, all of you, up on the
nkb-n i nlKU7n2
roofs,
20 you who were full of tumult.

You clamorous town,
You city so gay?
•.n'nnb'o ""nn xb'i
Your slain are not the slain of the sword
Nor the dead of battle.^
3Your officers have all departed,
They fled far away; Tin;' noK ^qiKyjpr'73
Your survivors were all taken captive, :inn3 pinna

"-Taken captive without their bows."
4That is why I say, "Let me be, '333 nnipK
I will weep bitterly. •'jKjmV iyKn-'7K
Press not to comfort me PTBVTi? -ivj-bv
For the ruin of ''-my poor people."-'^
n3i3)pT n6i3?pT r[m'n)2 °uv '3 5
spor my Lord God of Hosts had a day

711153^ nin"' 'jik'?
Of tumult and din and confusion
'^-Kir raged in the Valley of Vision,
:"inn-'7K vw^
And Shoa on the hill;-^

b Vv. 1-3 describe a scene of mourning to take place in Jerusalem
in the near future. In the ancient Near East, public weeping took
place on the low flat roofs as well as in the streets and squares;
cf. above. 15.3; Jer. 48.38.

c I.e., executed, instead of dying in battle.
"
d-d "the young woman, my people.
Lit.
e-e Meaning of Heb. uncertain. On Kir see 2 Kings 16.9; Amos

1.5; 9.7; on Shoa see Ezek. 23.23.
891
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 22.6 nD n^VW niK-inj
6While Elam bore the quiver

In troops of mounted men,
And Kir bared the shield : ]m n-jv i-ipi
''And your choicest lowlands

Were filled with chariots and horsemen: D-'u/nsm ^31 mbrz
They stormed at J udahV gateway -.n-^v^NT] ^n\^ rip
''And pressed beyond its screen..?
You gave thought on that day

To the arms in the Forest House,''
:nv^^ri n'':i P^^ybi<>
'Ând you took note of the many breaches
In the City of David.
inn--"? nn-'K")
'-And you collected the water of the Lower
Pool;' '"and you counted the houses of Jeru-
:mlnnnn nDinn ""p-riK ly^pni
salem and pulled houses down to fortify the *Wnrii nn-iQD D'7\f7nT 'nn-nKT "»
wall; ' 'and you constructed a basin between the I nppT' :n?pinn i^:ib D^niin
two walls for the water of the old pool.
But you gave no thought to H im who planned

it,
r[iWv-bi< bnu^n t<b^
You took no note of Him who designed it
:nri-'K"i k"? pinin hiy-'t
long before.
nv:i niKny r[)r[^, \pi<^ Kip""! '2
i2My Lord God of Hosts summoned on that
day
To weeping and lamenting,
: pU7 ijnî nnnf?'?!
To tonsuring and girding with sackcloth.
i3Instead, there was rejoicing and merriment.

nnati/T ]w\u 1
mni '3
Killing of cattle and slaughtering of sheep.

Eating of meat and drinking of wine:
"Eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!" :mnj -inn ""a inu/i b'iDK
'•iThen the Lord of Hosts revealed Himself nlKn^ mn-" 'JTKn ^{by.2^ '4
to my ears: DD^ nT.n ]^v^l -ibd^-dk
"This iniquity shall never be forgiven you D :niKnymn:'"'nK"ipK]irian-iv
Until you die," said my Lord God of Hosts.
ks-T)^ JTi>^^^ ^^^' ^jtk -i)pK n"3 i?
'5Thus said my Lord God of Hosts: Go in to
see that steward, that Shebna, in charge of the

:n"'3rT
palace:
'''What have you here, and whom have you n'D ^"p ^DT HQ "^^'Hip If'
here.
uniiya : "lom noi n

/ Brought up front 8ti for diirity.
g Judah's gateway n the upper course of the Valley of Elah. The

sereen n thefortrea Azekah, at the mouth of the gateway, which
was captured by the Assyrians,
h See I Kings 7.2-5: 10.16-17.
i-i This clause would read well after the prose part of v. I la.
— —
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 22.25 nD PT'yu;"' D-'N-'nj
That you have he\NTi out a tomb for yourself 13,7 n"5 -p rinyn-^3
here? iinp an?3 ^nyn
O you who have he\\'n vour' tomb on high; :i'7 ]3^')2 y^Dn 'pp'n
O you who have hollowed out for yourselfi
an abode in the cliffl

rnipy ûVi -inj n'7y'7y
i"The Lord is about to shake you
-iTi? nsjy ^3JY^ r|lJV 18
^'-Severely, fellow,-^' and then wrap you

uîl nnni y"iK-'7K
around Himself.'
^1133 nln3i73 nj3U.n nmn n?3u;
iÎndeed, He \vill wind vou about Him '"-as
:^^nx n\5 ]^bl?
a headdress, a turban.'"
Off to a broad land!

:"^DinT î7pi;?a?3i
There shall you die, and there shall be the
"-chariots bearing your body,-"
O shame of your master's house!
i^For I will hurl you from your station
.And you shall be torn down from your stand. ]nK ^n'7\z;?p)pT ^^j^thk ""qunKi "îriJâ
iT'n'71 '?U7n^ ^^^''b nx'? nim iTi

20And in that day, I will summon My servant -bv n.^'n^n nns?? "'JinJi-- :ni^n^
Eliakim son of Hilkiah, -land I will invest him
]^Ki lADi "liu i^KT nns^ iw3'k£7
with your tunic, gird him with vour sash, and
]?3KJ Dlpns in: i^nypm:^ inn's
deliver your authoritv" into his hand; and he
shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem
^b^[^-^ :i^ni5 n^n'7 1125 kdd'? niri")
and the men of Judah. --I will place the keys of D^KYKYH viiK-n^n "Tins b'li vb^
Da\id's palace on his shoulders; and what he niJAKH ^^3n ]Ui7n ^^3 b2 niyDYrn
unlocks none may shut, and what he locks none :n"''7n^rT \'?3"'73 lyi
may open. -^He shall be a seat of honor to his
father's^ household. I will fix him as a peg in a
nyi:iji ]^k2 nip?p3 nvipnn in^n
firm place, --ôn which all the substance of his
\3 n^^y-"i\^K Kti??2n m.3Ji n'pDJi
father's^' household shall be hung: '^the sprouts
and the leaves-'' — all the small vessels, from
D :-im mn"'
bowls to all sorts of jars.
25pln that day — declares the Lord of Hosts

the peg fixed in a firm place shall give way: it
shall be cut down and shall fall, and the weight

it supports shall be destroyed. For it is the Lord
who has spoken.
; Heb. "his," "himself."

k-k Emendation yields "as a garment is shaken out"
I I.e., and walk off with you; cf. Jer. 43.12.
m-m Emendation yields "as a turban is wound about"
n-n Emendation yields "abode [cf. v. 16] ofyour body" [cf. 10.3,
161.
o Emendation yields "master's"; cf v. 18 end

p Apparently continues v. 19.
893
NEvTiM ISAIAH 23.1 J3 r['>V\P'> D^K^nj
23 The "Tyre" Pronouncement. -lY KWn 12

Howl, you "ships of Tarshish!"
For havoc has been wrought, not a house is
left;
D"'n3 y"iKp KiiiTp
As they came from the land of Kittim,
This was revealed to them.
-Moan, you coastland dwellers,

Tii^y "in'D
You traders of Sidon,
Once thronged by seafarers,
30ver many waters

Your'' revenue came: inu; y-iT
From the trade of nations.
From the grain of Shihor,
The harvest of the Nile. .wU "ifiD ^nni

'*Be ashamed, O Sidon!
For the sea — this stronghold of the sea

declares, '>r\bn-i(b
f^-'T am as one who has-' never labored,
-'nibyiib)
Never given birth.
Never raised youths

:nl'7inn 'nnipli
Or reared maidens!"
nnyp"? y)3u;-"iU7K3 3
5When the Egyptians heard it, they quailed
As when they heard about Tyre.
6Pass on to Tarshish
Howl, you coastland dwellers!

-
7Was such your merry city nvbv DD^ HKTn
In former times, of yore?
Did her feet carry her off
To sojourn far away? n^b pirnn

8Who was it that planned this riNT yv? ""P/
For crown-wearing Tyre,
Whose merchants were nobles,
nnu; hnriD iu/k
Whose traders the world honored?
:y-iK-'i33J n"'JV^3
"^The Lord of Hosts planned it
a-a Sec note at 2. 16.
b Heb. "her."
c-c Lit. "I have.
— —
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 23.16 J3 rfVU/T D''K->1J
To defile all glorious beauty,
To shame all the honored of the world.
lod-jraverse your land like the Nile,

"iK^3 -q^^-iK nnv 10
Fair Tarshish;-''
This is a harbor'' no more.

tTiv ntn pK
'iThe Lord poised His arm o'er the sea
And made kingdoms quake;

It was He decreed destruction
For Phoenicia's/ strongholds,

i2And said,
"You shall be gay no more, '^)2Kh 12
O plundered one, Fair Maiden Sidon. Tl^v"? "TiV '^''pln-K'p
Up, cross over to Kittim pT^-nn n'7inn npw:jT2r[

Even there you shall have no rest." nni7 ^mp b''ri3 n^ns
i3gBehold the land of Chaldea
This is the people that has ceased to be.
Assyria, which founded it for ships.

n'jn i<b byn nt
Which raised its watchtowers.
n^^y"? nno"' '^WK
Erected its ramparts.
vjinn vrnn iKi^'pri
Has turned it into a ruin.
i4Howl, O ships of Tarshish,

:nbBr2b nnu;
For your stronghold is destroyed!
i5In that day. Tyre shall remain forgotten for
seventy years, equaling the lifetime of one king.

After a lapse of seventy years, shall go with
it
wviivj Hy nn3u;ji MnrT uv:^ n^m 15
Tyre as with the harlot in the ditty:
nûj D^-vnu; yjpn thk "^"pp 'nâ mip
:njl-TrT nyw:? -iiib nju';

i^Take a lyre, go about the town,
Harlot long forgotten;
Sweetly play, make much music, "i^y i^'p Tip 'pp 16
To bring you back to mind. nn3U7j miT

-|iu;-i3-irT )î •'n-'p-'ri
d-d Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields "Pass on to
the land of Kittitn, I You ships of Tarshish."

:npTn ]V'Db
e MeaningofHeb. uncertain; takingmezah as aby-form ofmihoz:
cf. Ps. 107.30.
f Heb. "Canaan's."
g Meaning of verse uncertain. Emendation yields "The land of
Kittim itself — / Which the Sidonian people founded, I Whose
watchtowers they raised, / Whose citadels they erected — / Exists
"
895 no more; I Assyria has turned it into a ruin.
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 23.17 13 n"'VU/"' n->N->aj
•''For after a lapse of seventy years, the Lord mn*' ipQ"' njU7 a">i;nu; i y^'n n^m 17
will take note of Tyre, and she shall resume her

''-"fee-taking" and "play the harlot"'' with all
the kingdoms of the world, on the face of the
earth. '«But her profits and "hire" shall be con-

secrated to the Lord. They shall not be treas-
ured or stored; rather shall her profits go to
those who abide before the Lord, that they may 3 :PTiy
eat their fill and clothe themselves elegantly.
24
The Lord
Behold,
will strip the earth bare.
mn ID
And lay it waste.
And twist its surface,
And scatter its inhabitants.
2Layman and priest shall fare alike.

]Ti22 nva nin) 2
Slave and master.
Handmaid and mistress.
Buyer and seller.
Lender and borrower.

ni>3 h)b)32
Creditor and debtor.
:l;i Ku;j "iu;k3 nu7':i3
3The earth shall be bare, bare;
It shall be plundered, plundered; y-iKH pi3n I pinn 3
For it is the Lord who spoke this word.
''The earth is withered, sear;
The world languishes, it is sear; yiKn nb'nj n'^nx »
"The most exalted people of the earth"^ lan- biin r[b:i2 n'7'7nN
guish. :y"iKrT-ny nlia ^bb)2i<
5For the earth was defiled
Under its inhabitants;

rT''3U7'"' nnn
Because they transgressed teachings.
nîn n3y-'3
Violated laws.
pn ^^bn
Broke the ancient covenant.''
:n'7lv nn^ nan
^That is why a curse consumes the earth.
yiK n^3K n^N l?""?:;
(^
And its inhabitants pay the penalty;
That is why earth's dwellers have dwindled.

n3 '>'lp''> ipu/Kî
And but few men are left.

y"iK '3U;"' "nn ]3"'7V
nyrn u;1jk "iku/ji

Ii-h I.e.. "trailing. ..irutU:"
a-a Change of vocalization yieldi "both iky and earth.

b I.e., the moral law, which is binding on all men (cf. Gen. 9.4-6).
896
—
" »
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 24.18 13 H'^yu;"' n^'Kiaj
7The new wine fails,
The vine languishes;
And all the merry-hearted sigh.
^Stilled is the merriment of timbrels,

D^sn \uw)2 hniz;
Ended the clamor of revelers.
W'pb]; ]lK\i7 '7"Tn
Stilled the merriment of lyres.
:"i1ii3 \uw)2 nnu;
^They drink their wine without song;
Liquor tastes bitter to the drinker.
•.vn\LJb -I3U7 np;'
lOTowns are broken,*^ empty;
Every house is shut, none enters;
lEven over wine, a cry goes up in the

:X'i:a)p n:'^-'73 iad
1
streets:
The sun has set on all joy.
The gladness of the earth is banished.

nnj3tz7-'73 nniy
i2Desolation is left in the town :y-!Ki7 u^lt^p nb^
And the gate is battered to ruins. n'Bp "i-iyn -1KU7J 12
i-^For thus shall it be among the peoples :nvu;-n3T h^jk^t

In the midst of the earth: yiKH n-i.j7n wri'' ri^ â 13
As when the olive tree is beaten out,

Like gleanings when the vintage is over.
:'T';^n n'73-aK nbb^v2

i^These shall lift up their voices,
Exult in the majesty of the Lord.

13hj n'îp 1XU/"' TTBTl 14
They shall shout from the sea:

mn^ ]1k;3
i5Therefore, honor the Lord with lights
-.ui'D ^b^\:^
In the coastlands of the sea
mn^ nns nnKii ]2-b:; 15
The name of the Lord, the God of Israel.
i^From the end of the earth
n^n '^K3
We hear singing: D :'7>;-iu;t ^ribK n^ri'' np

Glory to the righteous! y"iKn qiajp 16
'^-And I said:-^ h:;i2\LJ n-i?pT
«T waste away! I waste away! Woe is me!

The faithless have acted faithlessly;
The faithless have broken faith! -^
1
''/-Terror, and pit, and trap-/
Upon you who dwell on earth!

i8He who flees at the report of the terror
npi nnai nns 17
c Emendation yields "left."

:yiNri ^pv "Ji^^v
d-d Change of vocalization yields "They shall say."
e-e Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields "Villain
insn b'\^}2 v'in n''nf is
[Arabic razll], foolish villain! I The faithless who acted faith-
lessly I Have been betrayed in turn.
f-f Heb. pahad wa-pahath, wa-pah.

897
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 24.18 12 n"'yu7"' D^K-'^j
Shall fall into the pit; nnan-'^K b'B'^
And he who climbs out of the pit nnsn înn n'pivri")
Shall be caught in the trap. nan i^bi

For sluices are opened on high,
And earth's foundations tremble.
''^The earth is breaking, breaking;

y"iKri nyynnn nyi i*^
The earth is crumbling, crumbling.

yn.K nn-iisnn nlB
The earth is tottering, tottering;
:y"iK nyuinnn uin
-^'The earth is swaying like a drunkard;
It is rocking to and fro like a hut.
^^7^33 niiijnm
Its iniquity shall weigh it down.
And it shall fall, to rise no more.
D :mp r|-'p'n-k'7i n'7pj")
-'In that day, the Lord will punish

The host of heaven in heaven nrri'' ij??'' Kinn uv'2. n^m2i
And the kings of the earth on earth. Dli)23 ni-i)2n Kny-'^v
-2They shall be gathered in a dungeon
As captives are gathered;
And shall be locked up in a prison.
But after many days they shall be remem-

bered.
:n|79"' D-ip^ nnn^
23Then the moon shall be ashamed.

And the sun shall be abashed.
n)3nri nu/in^
For the Lord of Hosts will reign
On Mount Zion and in Jerusalem,

nikny mn"' "n^Jp"'?
And the Presence will be revealed to His el-

D^\f;n"'3T i^y inn
ders.
Q :iin3 vji?! im
9S
^^*^ O
I will extol
Lord, You are
You, I
my
will praise
God;
Your name.
nnx ^^rhif, mn- HD
For You planned graciousness" of old,
Counsels of steadfast faithfulness.
2For You have turned a city into a stone heap,

A walled town into a ruin.
The citadel of strangers'' into rubble,'
a See 9.5.
b Emendation yields 'arrogant men.

c Meaning of Heh. uncertain.
898
— — — »
NEVi'iM ISAIAH 25.9 HD rr'yu/"' 'k''ij
Never to be rebuilt. :njii"' Kb ub'wb

^Therefore a fierce people must honor You, Ty-ny qnsD"' ]3-bv 3
A city of cruel nations must fear You.

4For You have been a refuge for the poor man,
A shelter for the needy man in his distress
Shelter from rainstorm, shade from heat.

ninn '7Y bn-m nonn
When the fury of tyrants was like a winter*^
niT3 D"'yny nn
:-i"'i7 \3
rainstorm,
Dnr 11KU7 ]1^Y5 nina 5
5The rage of strangers^ like heat in the desert,

nv "72;^ Tin ir)'2n
You subdued the heat with the shade of
D :nji7T n^^"'iv T-pT
clouds.
The singing*^ of the tyrants was vanquished.
6The Lord of Hosts will make on this mounts r[0 -in:^ hmvr[-b:2b
For all the peoples
A banquet of <^-rich viands, nnjpiz; nn\ui2
A banquet of choice wines ''npp b-'jpu;
Of rich viands seasoned with marrow. :n''pi?T)3 anpu;

Of choice wines'^ well refined. ul^n-^jQ n-tn -in:;i y^m 7
Ând He will destroy on this mounf the umv'r[-b:2-bv ul'7rT

shroud
That is drawn over the faces of all the peoples :umn-b2-b:!
And the covering that is spread
nyj^ nipn vb:i
Over all the nations:
nvm nin;" \pi<, nnm
8He will destroy death/ forever.
'J3-'73 b)J)2
My Lord God will wipe the tears away
From all faces
And will put an end to the reproach of ^-His

people-^
Q :-i;n'i mn^ •'3
Over all the earth
For it is the Lord who has spoken.

HT ^^''TibK nin
9In that day they shall say: ^jy-'U/l;'") 1^ iJ'iip
This is our God; 1^7 ir^p bin;' HT

We trusted in Him, and He delivered us. :inyiU7"'3 nn)3t:73i nb-^^^}
This is the Lord, in whom we trusted;
Let us rejoice and exult in His deliverance!
d Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields "rainstorm";
cf.4d.
e I.e.. the Holy Land, as in 11.9; 14.25; 57.13.
f Perhaps an allusion to the mass killings committed by the

Assyrians; cf. 10.7; 14.20.
g-g Emendation yields "peoples."

899
NEvfiM ISAIAH 25.10 n3 n^VW D''K''::iJ
K'For the hand of the Lord shall descend

Upon this mount,''

JPS Hebrew-English Tanakh the Traditional Hebrew Text and the New JPS Translation Second Edition the Jewish Publication Society 1985-1999

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JPS Hebrew-English Tanakh the Traditional Hebrew Text and the New JPS Translation Second Edition the Jewish Publication Society 1985-1999

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SIGNIFICANT FAMILY EVENTS

NEVriM THE PROPHETS fl^K''2J

KETHUVIM THE WRITINGS ^^Vn

THE NEW IPS TKANSIATION - Second Edition

THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY

The Jewish Publication Society

Translation © 1985, 1999 by The Jewish Publication Society

First Edition published 1985. Second Edition 1999

Designed by Adrianne Onderdonk Dudden and R. David E. Sulomm Stein

Lead typesetter: R. Shimon Deutsch. Computer programmer: Daniel Weisman

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Bible. O.T Hebrew. 2000

and the new JPS translation, 2nd ed.

"Hebrew text based on Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia" — T.p. verso.

ISBN 0-8276-0697-4 (student)

ISBN 0-8276-0656-7 (deluxe)

I. Jewish Publication Society. II. Bible. O.T. English. Jewish

Publication Society. 2000. IIL Title. IV. Title: JPS Hebre%v-

THE LEONARD AND MADLYN ABRAMSON FOUNDATION

THE ARETE FOUNDATION

Preface to the 1999 Hebrew-English

Preface to the 1985 English

The Twelve Mirwr Prophets

A court of law relies on witnesses to establish

THE UNBROKEN CHAIN OF UNCERTAINTY

Masorah refers to eve^th^ng transm.tted

times preserved two versions of a word side by side — transmitting both.

spiritual subject matter, its choice of words must be improbable at times.

So is a given puzzling — or religious mystery?

Ironically, the result is a Bible whose text continually evolves — the

parchments to match his newly authoritative book.

of "corrections" by experts who perceived mistakes in earlier editions. It

all prior printed Bibles, it contained hundreds of its own typographical

Meanwhile, in the modern era, certain early medieval manuscripts

wider, evolutionary, corrective process taken these unusually reliable

of the text — must pick one possibility over another.

THE HISTORY OF OUR HEBREW TEXT

Aaron ben Moses Ben-Asher (Tiberias, c. 930

Samuel ben Jacob (Egypt, WW c.e.)

PREFACE TO THE 1999 HEBREW-ENGLISH EDITION

Samuel's Bible contains sixty thousand marginal notes on the text,

including more than a thousand divergences between consonantal text

(kethib) and reading tradition iqere).^

In proofreading and correcting his work, Samuel ben Jacob missed

given the millions of characters in a Hebrew Bible. As the contemporary

is close to ideal when compared to the situation in most [later] medieval

Recent Editions of the Leningrad Codex

tion.^ For centuries, however, it was kept out of circulation, unknovm to

historians or Bible editors. Then in 1840 c.e., a manuscript collector an-

Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS, 1967-1977), for which Karl Elliger, Wil-

versity of Michigan, H. Van Dyke Parunak and Robert Eckert devised

tures; Parunak oversaw the transcription of BHS into three megab>'tes of

a project that JPS helped to fund.

wise, our translation is based on the i/t-re.

llaked ink, and ambiguous pen strokes.

sian National I ibran', this codex is ofHcially catalogued as "Firkovich B19A."

The result is called the Michigan-Claremont-Westminster (MCW)

• changing the order of books (putting Chronicles at the end, rather

• adding end-of-verse punctuation where Samuel ben Jacob had

• inserting typographic markers to show the codex's paragraphing;

and hard to print;

• turning many marginal notes on superfluous letters (yater) into qere

• tripling the number of masoretic notes by filling in cross-references;