Denis Lawton Model of the

Curriculum Process
The model has been developed by Denis Lawton as a reaction against what he sees as the danger
of the Behavioral Objectives Model/Taylor Model. As the name implies this model proposes a
curriculum as the whole way of life of a society and the purpose of education is to make available
to the next generation what we regard as the most important aspect of culture.

Define
"Curriculum is a selection from the culture of society of aspects which are so valuable that their
survival is not left to chance but is entrusted to teachers for expert transmission to the young".

Purpose
1. To describe the nature of Vocational Education

2. To describe the essentials of culture for transmission by the compulsory Curriculum

Stages
Denis Lawton's Model of the Curriculum Process provides a framework for understanding how
curriculum evolves and is implemented in educational settings. The model consists of four
interrelated stages:

1. Selection: This stage involves choosing the content, knowledge, and skills that will be part of
the curriculum. It considers what subjects or topics are deemed essential for students to learn.
The selection process often reflects societal values, educational goals, and subject-specific
requirements.
2. Organization: Once the content is selected, the next step is to organize it effectively. This
stage involves structuring the curriculum to present the material in a logical and coherent
manner. It considers sequencing, pacing, and the overall structure of the educational
experience.

3. Adaptation: The adaptation stage recognizes that the curriculum is not a static entity. It needs
to be flexible and responsive to the diverse needs of students, changes in society, and
advancements in knowledge. Adaptation involves modifying the curriculum to address emerging
educational trends, technological developments, and evolving societal values.

4. Evaluation: The final stage focuses on assessing the effectiveness of the curriculum.
Evaluation involves analyzing how well the curriculum meets its intended goals and objectives.
This stage provides valuable feedback that informs future decisions about selection,
organization, and adaptation. It contributes to the continuous improvement of the curriculum.

Lawton's model highlights the dynamic and cyclical nature of curriculum development. It
acknowledges that curriculum is not a one-time creation but an ongoing process that requires
regular review and adjustment. Additionally, the model recognizes the influence of external
factors, such as societal changes and educational research, in shaping the curriculum.

Educators and curriculum developers can use this model to guide the systematic development
and refinement of educational programs, ensuring they remain relevant and effective over time.
 NICHOLLS AND NICHOLLS MODEL OF
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

The Nicholls and Nicholls Model of Curriculum Development 1972 model emphasizes the
importance of a systematic and collaborative approach to curriculum development. It highlights
the need to identify the needs and goals of the learners and the community, select appropriate
content and teaching methods, and continuously evaluate and revise the curriculum to ensure
it remains effective and relevant.

This Model of Curriculum Development is a systematic approach to curriculum development

that was developed by John Nicholls and Sheelah Nicholls. The model outlines a seven-stage
process for developing a curriculum that is relevant and effective in meeting the needs of the
learners and the community.

The Model is a 7-stage model that outlines a systematic approach to curriculum development.
The seven stages are:

Focus on the educational problem: The first stage involves identifying and defining the
educational problem or need. This stage involves conducting a thorough analysis of the situation
and identifying the needs of the learners and the community.

Formulation of the curriculum objectives: The second stage involves formulating the curriculum
objectives that are based on the identified needs and goals. These objectives should be specific,
measurable, achievable, relevant, and time bound.

Selection of the content: The third stage involves selecting the appropriate content that aligns
with the curriculum objectives. This content should be relevant, current, and applicable to the
learners’ needs.
Organization of the content: The fourth stage involves organizing the selected content into a
coherent and logical sequence. This stage involves developing a structure for the curriculum
that is easy to follow and understand.

Selection of teaching methods: The fifth stage involves selecting the appropriate teaching
methods. The strategies should align with the curriculum objectives and content. These
methods should be engaging, interactive, and effective in achieving the desired learning
outcomes.

Evaluation of the curriculum: The sixth stage involves evaluating the effectiveness of the
curriculum in achieving the desired learning outcomes. This stage involves collecting and
analyzing data to determine whether the curriculum objectives have been met.

Revision of the curriculum: The final stage involves revising the curriculum based on the
evaluation results. This stage involves making necessary adjustments and improvements to
ensure the curriculum remains relevant and effective.