Heavy Equipment Technician

Parking Brake System

Fundamentals and Service

Hydraulic Brake Systems

First Period
Module 190103e
Objectives

1. Explain the principles of operation for

common parking brake systems..

2. Describe the adjusting procedures for

common parking brake systems..

3. Describe repair procedures for common

parking brake systems.
Objective One

Explain the principles of operation for

common parking brake systems..
Parking Brake
Its designed is to hold the vehicle stationary..
It may be a sub-system of the service brakes..
It is NOT an emergency brake, but it may
help to slow a vehicle down..
Caution
Always fully apply a parking brake..
Partial application could allow a vehicle
to roll away..
Driving with parking brake partially applied
could cause a fire in the assembly.
Wheel Types

Two Types:

1. Mechanical Linkage Type..

2. Hydraulic Operated.
1. Mechanical Linkage Type
Spring loaded foot pedal or hand lever pulls on
a cable that is connected to the park brake
assembly.

Release
Handle

Cable Lever
to Equalizer
1. Mechanical Linkage Type

Rear Park
Brake Cables

Equalizer

Adjustment
Screw & Nut
The cable leads through an Equalizer, and the
adjusting screw and nut of the park brake
cable adjusts cable tension.
1. Mechanical Linkage Type
Cable pulls on the brake lever attached to the
secondary shoe and moves the strut, which
transfers force to the primary shoe..
Secondary Shoe
Front
Strut
Shoe Hold
Primary Shoe Down Clip

Brake Lever
Parking Brake Cable
Brakes are released by the service brake springs.
2. Hydraulically Operated
May use pressurized fluid from the power
steering pump or the power brake booster to
activate the park brakes..

Caution
The fluid used in the park brake system is
NOT brake fluid..
The park brake system is a separate hydraulic
sub-system, which uses hydraulic fluid.
2. Hydraulically Operated
Parking Brake Control Parking Brake Drum Brake
Valve Unitized Valve Wheel Cylinders
Parking Brake
Reservoir
& Pump

Disc
Brake
Hydro-Max
Booster

Spring-Set
Primary Hydraulic System Parking Brake
Secondary Hydraulic System
Parking Brake System
2. Hydraulically Operated.
A Spring Set Parking Brake Chamber is used
to apply the parking Wheel Cylinder Cylinder
brake through the Assembly Bridge Line
wedge of the Wheel
& Park Cylinder
Assembly..
Hydraulic pressure Backing
is used to cage the Plate
spring and release
the parking brake. Wheel & Park
Brake Shoe Cylinder
& Lining Assembly
2. Hydraulically Operated
Dust Boot
Expander Piston
To Power Spring
Spring & Locator Chamber
Piston Seals Sleeve
Hand Brake Piston Return Spring
O-Ring Snap Ring
Housing Wedge Assembly

Abutment Piston
Park Brake Cylinder
& Wedge Assembly
2. Hydraulically Operated
Applied Condition
Power To HR-1 Park Cylinder Assembly
Spring Relay Valve
Return Hand
Spring Brake
Piston

Power Wedge
Spring & Roller
Caging & Screw Assembly Diaphragm
Oil is exhausted from the bottom of the
diaphragm, and power spring pushes on the
wedge and applies the hand brake piston.
2. Hydraulically Operated
Released Condition
Power From HR-1 Park Cylinder Assembly
Spring Relay Valve
Return Hand
Spring Brake
Piston

Power Wedge
Spring & Roller
Caging & Screw Assembly Diaphragm
Hydraulic fluid pressure is delivered to the
bottom of the diaphragm and compresses the
power spring, return spring retracts the wedge.
Driveshaft Type Mechanically Activated
Internal Shoe Type
Backing plate, hardware and shoes similar to
a service drum brake are mounted to the rear
of the transmission..
Transmission Housing
Flexible
Cable
To Drive
Shaft
Parking Brake
Control
Drum
The drum is attached to the driveshaft in
some manner..
Driveshaft Type Mechanically Activated
External Band Type
Parking Brake
Brake drum has an
Control
external friction
surface.. Flexible
Cable
Brake Drum
A metal brake band
with a friction lining Transmission
on the interior, Housing
contracts around the
brake drum and To
Drive Shaft
prevents it from
moving.
Driveshaft Type
Disc Type
May use one or two rotors (discs) attached
to the transmission output shaft..
The pad assemblies are mounted to the
transmission housing, and are activated by
a lever and cable arrangement.
Driveshaft Type
Electric / Hydraulic Activated
Parking Brake Cable Transmission Housing

Parking Brake
Actuator
To Drive Shaft

Electric Park Brake Pump Assembly

Uses an electric parking brake pump assembly
and a hydraulic / spring actuator to operate the
brake shoes.. (similar to mechanical driveshaft brake)
Driveshaft Type
Electric / Hydraulic Activated
Brakes are applied by Electric Pump Motor
Power Connection
spring pressure and
released by hydraulic
pressure..

The actuator is a sealed

unit and should be
replaced and not Pressure
Sensor
disassembled, because
of the heavy spring. Park Brake Pump
Assembly
Driveshaft Type
Electric / Hydraulic Activated
Control module receives input signals from
operator or gear shift position to automatically
apply the parking brake.
Objective Two

Describe the adjusting procedures for

common parking brake systems..
Parking Brake Adjustment
Follow manufacturers recommendations for
specifications..
Check the condition of the service brakes as
they may be part of the park brake system..
Check fluid levels for hydraulically operated
park brakes
Lubricate all moving parts
• Cables are a common cause of problems..
Parking Brake Adjustment
Mechanical Linkage Type
Apply lever / pedal about 2 to 3 notches.
Move the adjusting
nut at the end of the
cable until a slight Park Brake
drag occurs at each Pedal
wheel..
Equalizer

Adjustment
Screw & Nut
Parking Brake Adjustment
Hydraulically Operated
Check pump reservoir fluid level, ignition key
generally off, and parking brake applied..

Inspect:
Hydraulic portion of the park system for
leakage..
Pressure pump drive belt for proper tension..
Brake shoe to lining clearance..
Parking Brake Adjustment
Driveshaft - Internal Shoe Type
• Parking brakes will be lost when driveshaft
is removed.
Transmission Housing

Brake Drum

Drive
Shaft

CHOCK THE WHEELS

Parking Brake Adjustment
Driveshaft - Internal Shoe Type
Disconnect brake cable at the drum location..
Adjusting Tool
Using suitable tool
move the adjuster to
adjust lining to drum
clearance, through the
adjustment opening..
Drum Brake
The cable is always adjusted last.
Parking Brake Adjustment
Driveshaft Type – Internal Shoe Type
Park Brake Over Centre
ON Hand Lever
Lever Design
OFF

❶Clevis Pin
❷
❶ ❷Cam Lever
❸Cam Lever
❸ Clevis
❹
❹Bellcrank
Turning knob on the end of the handle shortens
cable, others types adjusted at cam lever clevis.
Parking Brake Adjustment
Driveshaft Type – External Shoe Type
❶Anchor
Adjustment
❷Upper
Adjustment
❸Lower
Adjustment
Return Springs
Adjust in sequence:
❶Side Lining To Drum Clearance..
❷& ❸Top & Bottom Lining To Drum Clearance.
Parking Brake Adjustment
Disc Type
With cable removed, adjust the Pads To Disc
Clearance to manufactures specifications..
Connect cable, secure with new cotter pin,
adjust cable and check for smooth operation.
Parking Brake Adjustment
Electric / Hydraulic Activated
Propeller Shaft Cam
Yoke Lever
Bellcrank
Clevis

Cam Lever Clevis Bellcrank

1. Chock wheels, ignition key off, inspect for
signs of system hydraulic leakage, and
inspect or adjust lining-to-drum clearance.
Parking Brake Adjustment
Electric / Hydraulic Activated
2. Locate parking brake pump assembly and
follow manufactures procedure for
releasing parking brakes
to ensure actuator is
releasing the brakes..
3. Loosen jam nut on Jam
actuator adjusting nut.. Nut
4. Rotate the actuator cable adjusting nut until
it bottoms on the actuator rod, and torque
jam nut to specifications.
Parking Brake Adjustment
Electric / Hydraulic Activated
5. Disconnect bellcrank clevis..A, move
bellcrank..B until the shoes lightly contact
the drum, adjust
bellcrank clevis..A to A
the bellcrank’s position..
B
3. Tighten jam nut to
manufacturer’s torque
specification..

4. Lubricate components, check parking brake

operation, ensure shoes are releasing.
Objective Three
Describe repair procedures for common
parking brake systems.
Wheel Types
Mechanical Linkage Type
Some adjustment may be done by the knob of
the handle, in the cab..
On other models the
knob adjusts the lever
over-centre movement..
Cable to
The most important check Lever Drum
is the brake cable Linkage
Knob
operation, inspect for
freedom of movement between the sheathing
and the cable.
Hydraulically Operated
Parking Brake Control Parking Brake Drum Brake
Valve Unitized Valve Wheel Cylinders
Parking Brake
Reservoir
& Pump

Hydro-Max
Disc Booster
Brake

Analyzer Spring-
Set Parking Brake
Test equipment such as a Park Brake Pump
Analyzer, may be needed to test pressures in
the hydraulically operated park brakes.
Hydraulically Operated

Danger
Bleed hydraulic system of high pressure
before opening any line or fitting..

Apply and release the brakes several times

with engine off to relieve high pressure, and
crack line carefully to relieve the remaining
fluid pressure.
2. Hydraulically Operated
Caged Condition
Power To HR-1 Park Cylinder Assembly
Spring Relay Valve
Return Hand
Spring Brake
Piston

Wedge
Power Spring & Roller
Caging & Screw Assembly Diaphragm

Extreme care should be taken when working

with spring brake chambers, cage the spring
before removal of spring chamber from vehicle.
Driveshaft Type Mechanically Activated
Internal Shoe Type
Secondary Shoe
Front
Strut
Shoe Hold
Primary Shoe Down Clip

Brake Lever
Parking Brake Cable
Enclosed design retains dirt and dust between
lining and drum wearing friction components,
inspect for leaks, and clean periodically.
Driveshaft Type Mechanically Activated
Internal Shoe Type Cable Adjustment
Actuating
Too Loose Lever

Too Tight

Correct

Ensure cable has freedom of movement and is

lubricated.
Driveshaft Type Mechanically Activated
External Band Type
Parking Brake
A metal brake band Control
with the friction lining
are exposed to dirt and
Flexible
road spray, clean and Brake Drum
Cable
inspect periodically..
Transmission
Disc Type Housing

Similar problems and To External

solutions as the band Drive Shaft Band
type.
Driveshaft Type
Electric / Hydraulic Activated
Problems can occur in Display Diagnostic
Port
three sub-systems, the
electrical/electronic ,
hydraulic and mechanical
section..
Codes may be retrieved Parking Brake LED
from module for
diagnostic purposes.. Control Module

Electrical connections are an item to inspect.

Driveshaft Type
Electric / Hydraulic Activated
Electric Pump Motor
The actuator can be tested
Power Connection
for pressured and
compared to manufactures
specification
It is a sealed unit and
should be replaced and
not disassembled, Pressure
because of the heavy Sensor
spring. Park Brake Pump
Assembly
Driveshaft Type
Electric / Hydraulic Activated
Prior to flushing the hydraulic system be sure
to bleed system pressure down before
opening any lines or fittings..

Follow manufactures instructions regarding the

flushing and filling and use of the proper types
of fluids in each individual systems..
A lack of regular inspection and adjustment
could affect parking brake operation.
The End