NHÓM TỪ VỰNG – ĐỌC HIỂU

TUẦN 6
URBANIZATION + GLOBAL WARMING
Compiled by Mrs Trang Anh
Facebook: Mrstranganh87

NGÀY 8/7/2024
I. Vocabulary
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa & Ví dụ
loại
1 Urban n /ˈɜːrbən/ (thuộc) đô thị
Urbanize n /ˈɝː.bən.aɪz/ đô thị hóa
Urbanization n /ˌɝː.bən.əˈzeɪ.ʃən/ sự đô thị hoá
The 18th century was a period of rapid
urbanization.
2 Growth n /ɡrəʊθ/ sự gia tăng
the rapid growth in violent crime
Grow v /ɡrəʊ/ tăng, phát triển
The city's population has grown from about
50 000 to over a million in 20 years.
3 Emission n /ɪˈmɪʃn/ sự phát ra, bốc ra, toả ra
the emission of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere
Emit v /iˈmɪt/ toả ra, phát ra (ánh sáng, khí, hơi…)
Sulphur gases were emitted by the volcano.
4 Weather-beaten a /ˈweðər biːtn/ sạm nắng, dày dạn phong sương
the weather-beaten face of an old sailor
5 Wide-ranging a /ˌwaɪd ˈreɪndʒɪŋ/ trên phạm vi rộng rãi, liên quan đến nhiều
người
wide-ranging effects/implications
6 Thought- a /ˈθɔːt prəvəʊkɪŋ/ making you think a lot about a subject: kích
provoking thích bạn suy nghĩ về một chủ đề nào đó,
đáng để suy ngẫm
a thought-provoking book/film
7 Include v /ɪnˈkluːd/ thêm, đưa vào, bao gồm cái gì đó (để nó trở
thành một phần của cái gì)
include sb/sth in sth: You should include
some examples in your essay.
8 Contain (not v /kənˈteɪn/ chứa, chứa đựng
used in the I lost a file containing a lot of important
documents.

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 progressive
tenses)
9 Comprise (not v /kəmˈpraɪz/ gồm có, bao gồm (bộ phận cấu thành)
used in the = consist of The collection comprises 327 paintings.
progressive
tenses)
10 Statistics n /stəˈtɪstɪk/ số liệu
According to official statistics, the disease
killed over 500 people.
Statistical a /stəˈtɪstɪkl/ liên quan đến số liệu
Statistically adv /stəˈtɪstɪkli/ theo số liệu thống kê

Statist n /ˈsteɪtɪst/ người thống kê

11 Gross domestic n /ˌɡrəʊs dəˌmestɪk tổng sản phẩm quốc nội
product (GDP) ˈprɑːdʌkt/
12 Monetary (only a /ˈmɑːnɪteri/ liên quan đến tiền tệ
before noun)
13 Agricultural a /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəl/ (thuộc) nông nghiệp
The land is only to be used for agricultural
purposes.
Agriculture n /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃər/ nông nghiệp
The number of people employed in
agriculture has fallen in the last decade.
Agriculturalist n /ˌæɡrɪˈkʌltʃərəlɪst/ nhà nông học
14 Employ v /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ thuê, mướn
employ sb as sth: For the past three years he
has been employed as a firefighter.
Employment n /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ sự làm công, sự thuê
How long have you been looking for
employment?
Employee n /ɪmˈplɔɪiː/ người được thuê, tập đoàn thuê lao động
Employer n /ɪmˈplɔɪər/ chủ
Employed a /ɪmˈplɔɪd/ có việc làm
In April the number of employed people in the
region dropped by 1,900 to 637,500.
Employable a /ɪmˈplɔɪəbl/ có kỹ năng, bằng cấp để người khác thuê
mình
training schemes that aim to make young
people more employable
Employability n /ɪmˌplɔɪəˈbɪləti/ khả năng thích ứng với thị trường làm việc,
lao động
Acquiring enhanced IT skills will improve
your employability.
15 Laborer n /ˈleɪbərər/ người lao động
an agricultural laborer
16 Facility n /fəˈsɪləti/ phương tiện, thiết bị, cơ sở vật chất
The school is upgrading its outdoor play
facilities.

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17 Perk (also n /pɜːrk/ đặc cách, quyền lợi
formal Free theater tickets are one of the perks of
perquisite) this job.
18 Transformation n /ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃn/ sự thay đổi, biến đổi
transformation (from sth) (to/into sth):
He’s made a complete transformation from
comedian to dramatic actor.
19 Industrialization n /ɪnˌdʌstriələˈzeɪʃn/ sự công nghiệp hoá
the rapid industrialization of Japan
20 Process n /ˈprɑːses/ quá trình
Changes occur in the body because of the
process of aging.
21 Compare v /kəmˈper/ so sánh
They receive just over three years of
schooling, compared to a national average of
7.3.
22 Long-term a /ˌlɔːŋ ˈtɜːrm/ lâu dài
What this country needs is a long-term policy
for investment in science and technology.
23 Well-paid a /ˌwel ˈpeɪd/ được trả lương hậu hĩnh
The job is very well-paid.
24 Fast-growing a phát triển nhanh chóng
Economists love to make predictions about
the fast-growing economies in East Asia.
25 Hardship n /ˈhɑːrdʃɪp/ sự khó khăn, gian nan
economic/financial, etc. hardship
26 Metropolitan a /ˌmetrəˈpɑːlɪtən/ (thuộc) thủ đô, đô thị lớn
(only before the New York metropolitan area
noun)
27 Phenomenon n /fəˈnɑːmɪnən/ sự việc, hiện tượng
(plural: phenomenon of sth: the global phenomenon
phenomena) of climate change
Phenomenal a /fəˈnɑːmɪnl/ phi thường, ấn tượng, tuyệt vời
extraordinary He has a phenomenal memory for facts and
figures.
28 Traffic np sự kẹt, tắc nghẽn giao thông
jam/traffic The project is designed to reduce traffic
congestion congestion.
29 Innovation n /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ (the introduction of new things, ideas or
ways of doing sth) sự sáng tạo, đổi mới
The company is very interested in product
design and innovation.
Innovate v /ˈɪnəveɪt/ sáng tạo
The company can once again innovate its way
out of tough economic times.
Innovative (also a /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ mang tính sáng tạo, đổi mới
less frequent There will be a prize for the most innovative
innovatory) design.
30 Quality n /ˈkwɑːləti/ chất lượng
Improving the quality of care for nursing
home residents is a priority.
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 31 Drive v /draɪv/ thúc đẩy, giúp phát triển
The dairy products market will also be driven
by consumer demand.
32 Accompany v /əˈkʌmpəni/ (to happen or appear with sth else) đi theo,
đi kèm, xuất hiện cùng với
accompanied by sth: strong winds
accompanied by heavy rain
33 Expenditure n /ɪkˈspendɪtʃər/ chi phí, kinh phí
Expenditure should ideally not exceed income.
34 Apparent a /əˈpærənt/ rõ ràng, dễ thấy
obvious It was apparent from her face that she was
really upset.
35 Inevitable a /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ hiển nhiên, không thể tránh
unavoidable They came to see defeat as inevitable.
Inevitably adv /ɪnˈevɪtəbli/ một cách tất yếu, không thể tránh
Inevitably, reports of the failure were soon
appearing in the newspapers.
36 Obvious a /ˈɒbviəs/ rõ ràng, đương nhiên
It was obvious from Eleanor’s voice that she
disliked him.
37 Solve v /sɑːlv/ giải quyết
Attempts are being made to solve the
problem of waste disposal.
38 Dissolve v /dɪˈzɑːlv/ hoà tan; giải tán, giải thể, kết thúc,…
39 Address v /əˈdres/ bàn đến, đề cập đến để tìm cách giải quyết
The policy fails to address the needs of the
poor.
40 Underemployed a /ˌʌndərɪmˈplɔɪd/ thiếu việc làm, làm công việc không đúng với
năng lực
41 Productive a /prəˈdʌk.tɪv/ sản xuất, tạo ra nhiều, năng suất cao
He had an amazingly productive five years in
which he managed to write four novels.
42 Sector n /ˈsektər/ nhóm ngành, khu vực (kinh tế)
We have seen rapid growth in the services
sector.
43 Fruitless a /ˈfruːtləs/ không có hiệu quả, thất bại
unproductive Our efforts to persuade her proved fruitless.

II. Structure
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Lead to = result in = cause gây nên, dẫn đến
There is no doubt that stress can lead to physical illness.
2 Consist of bao gồm ai/cái gì
someone/something The committee consists of ten members.
3 Play a role/part in something đóng vai trò
The media play a major role in influencing people's opinions.
4 Acces to something/someone sự truy cập, tiếp cận với cái gì
Only 40% of 5-year-olds have access to pre-school education.

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 5 Get a job tìm, có được công việc
Andy got a job at Krispy Kreme.
6 Turn out (to be discovered to be; to prove to be) hoá ra, thành ra
The job turned out to be harder than we thought.
7 Sprout or Sprout up xuất hiện, phát triển nhanh chóng, mọc lên
New businesses began to sprout up across the country.
8 From/Since time immemorial từ ngàn xưa, từ rất lâu
My family has lived in this area from time immemorial.
9 In the nick of time vừa đúng lúc, vào phút cuối cùng trước khi quá muộn
They escaped from the smoke-filled house just in the nick of
time.
10 From time to time thỉnh thoảng
She has to work at weekends from time to time.

III. Từ vựng và cấu trúc bổ trợ làm bài đọc điền

VOCABULARY
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa
loại
1 Window n /ˈwɪndəʊ/ cửa sổ, cách để học hỏi
Television is a sort of window on the world.
2 Salary n /ˈsæləri/ (a fixed amount of money that you earn each
month or year from your job) tiền lương (trả
hằng tháng, theo năm cố định và lâu dài và đối
với những công việc dài hạn có hợp đồng)
The average monthly salary for an unskilled
worker is $550.
3 Income n /ˈɪnkʌm/ (money that sb gets from working or from
investing money) thu nhập
Most of the villagers rely on farming for income.
4 Fare n /feər/ chi phí đi lại, tiền đi xe, tàu...,
Train fares are going up again.
5 Fee n /fiː/ học phí, tiền thù lao, lệ phí
Students have to borrow £9,000 a year to pay
their tuition fees.
6 Generate v /ˈdʒenəreɪt/ tạo ra, sản xuất ra
to generate revenue/income/profit
7 Inhabitant n /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/ cư dân
It is a town of about 10000 inhabitants.
8 Regarding prep /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/ liên quan đến, về việc
Call me if you have any problems regarding your
work.
9 Slum n /slʌm/ khu ổ chuột
city/urban slums
10 Motel n /məʊˈtel/ nhà khách, nhà nghỉ
11 Hostel n /ˈhɑːstl/ kí túc xá, nhà trọ
12 Cottage n /ˈkɑːtɪdʒ/ nhà tranh, túp lều
13 Concentration n /ˌkɑːnsnˈtreɪʃn/ sự tập trung, có nhiều

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 concentration of sth: a concentration of
industry in the north of the country
14 Severely adv /sɪˈvɪrli/ nặng, nghiêm trọng
badly, seriously The crops were severely damaged.
15 Profoundly adv /prəˈfaʊndli/ (in a way that has a very great effect on sb/sth)
một cách sâu sắc, hết sức, cực kì
We are profoundly affected by what happens to
us in childhood.
16 Measure n /ˈmeʒər/ biện pháp, hành động giải quyết vấn đề
take measures to do sth: Stronger measures
will have to be taken to bring down
unemployment.

STRUCTURE
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Have a role to play có nhiệm vụ, liên quan, đóng một vai trò
We all have a role to play in the future of this company.
2 A window on/on/into cửa sổ để nhìn ra, một cách quan sát, học hỏi từ những thứ
something xung quanh
Television is a sort of window on the world.
3 In terms of xét về mặt, liên quan tới
In terms of money, I was better off in my last job.
4 Cope with something giải quyết, đối phó
(=manage) He wasn’t able to cope with the stresses and strains of the job.

IV. Từ vựng và cấu trúc bổ trợ làm bài đọc

VOCABULARY
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa
loại
1 Flock v /flɑːk/ kéo đến
Thousands of people flocked to the beach this
weekend.
2 Revolution n /ˌrevəˈluːʃn/ cuộc cách mạng, sự thay đổi
A revolution in information technology is taking
place.
Revolutionize v /ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz/ cách mạng hoá, thay đổi hoàn toàn
Aerial photography has revolutionized the study
of archaeology.
Revolutionary a /ˌrevəˈluːʃəneri/ (thuộc) cách mạng, khởi nghĩa; thay đổi hoàn
toàn
The effects of technological development are
revolutionary.
3 Spark v /spɑːrk/ khơi mào
The proposal would spark a storm of protest
around the country.
5 Surpass v /sərˈpæs/ hơn, vượt trội, tốt hơn

6
 He hopes one day to surpass the world record.
6 Dramatic a /drəˈmætɪk/ ((of a change, an event, etc.) sudden, very great
and often surprising) đột ngột, mạnh mẽ…
a dramatic increase/change/improvement/shift
7 Megacity n /ˈmeɡəsɪti/ siêu đô thị
8 Undergo v /ˌʌndərˈɡəʊ/ trải qua, chịu đựng cái gì
The bridge has undergone a series of
modifications and will be re-opened in two
weeks.
9 Emerge v /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/ (to start to exist; to appear or become known)
bắt đầu xuất hiện, được biết đến
The University of Colorado emerged as the
overall winner.
10 Hub n /hʌb/ trung tâm, nơi tập trung nhiều hoạt động nhất
hub of sth: the commercial hub of the city
11 Exclusive a /ɪkˈskluːsɪv/ độc quyền, dành riêng cho những người hoặc
nhóm liên quan
This special offer is exclusive to readers of this
magazine.
12 Adoption n /əˈdɑːpʃn/ sự đón nhận
The widespread adoption of new information
technology could save $162 billion a year.
Adopt v /əˈdɒpt/ thông qua, chấp nhận
He decided to adopt a more radical approach to
the problem.
13 Advent n /ˈædvent/ sự ra đời (của một sự việc gì quan trọng)
coming, approach, the advent of sb/sth: Life was transformed by
appearance, the advent of the steam engine.
arrival
14 Dominate v /ˈdɒmɪneɪt/ thống trị, làm chủ
These two regions continue to dominate the
market for orange juice.
Dominant a /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ chiếm ưu thế, làm chủ, thống trị
The dominant feature of the room was the large
fireplace.
15 Propel v /prəˈpel/ buộc, đẩy vào tình thế
She was propelled by a desire to prove everyone
else wrong.
16 Drove n /drəʊv/ đoàn (người), đống (hàng)
in droves: People came in droves to see the
show.
17 Outnumber v /ˌaʊtˈnʌmbər/ chiếm nhiều hơn, đông hơn
In this profession, women outnumber men by
two to one (= there are twice as many women as
men).
18 Myriad a /ˈmɪriəd/ rất lớn, vô số
the myriad problems of modern life
19 Potential n /pəˈtenʃl/ tiềm năng
As a composer, she still hasn’t realized her
potential.
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 20 Initiate v /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/ khởi xướng, bắt đầu
The government has initiated a programme of
economic reform.
Initiative n /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ ý tưởng, sáng kiến
The money was intended to support initiatives in
bilingual education.
Initiation n /ɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃn/ sự khởi xướng, bắt đầu

STRUCTURE
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Sow/Plant the seeds of gieo rắc mầm móng
something In this way he sowed the seeds of his own success.

BÀI TẬP NGÀY 9/7/2024

I. Vocabulary
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa & Ví dụ
loại
1 Civilization n /ˌsɪvələˈzeɪʃn/ (a society that has developed its own
culture and institutions) xã hội văn
minh, phát triển; sự khai hoá
diseases that are common in Western
civilization
Civilize v /ˈsɪvəlaɪz/ khai sáng, khai hoá
The Romans set out to civilize the
Ancient Britons.
Civilian n /səˈvɪliən/ thường dân
Hundreds of innocent civilians have
died in the air strikes.
Civil a /ˈsɪvl/ (thuộc) công dân, (thuộc) thường
dân
2 Internationalization n /ˌɪntərˌnæʃnələˈzeɪʃn/ sự quốc tế hoá
the internationalization and
globalization of trade and politics
3 Investment n /ɪnˈvestmənt/ sự đầu tư
This country needs investment in
education.
Invest v /ɪnˈvest/ đầu tư, bỏ thời gian, công sức vào
She personally invested $980 000 in
the company.
4 Promise n /ˈprɑːmɪs/ tiềm năng, hứa hẹn, triển vọng
potential hold promise: This technology holds
considerable promise for improving
inner city living conditions.
5 Livable a /ˈlɪvəbl/ ((of life) worth living) đáng sống
It's not the best kind of life, but it's
livable.

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6 Urban planning n sự quy hoạch đô thị
She now works in urban planning.
7 Sustainable a /səˈsteɪnəbl/ bền vững, lâu dài
the conditions for sustainable
economic growth
Sustain v /səˈsteɪn/ duy trì, chống đỡ
Only two of the planets could sustain
life.
Sustainability n /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪləti/ sự bền vững, duy trì lâu
The strength and sustainability of the
economic recovery is still in doubt.
8 Changeable a /ˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/ hay thay đổi
unpredictable The weather is very changeable at this
time of year.
9 Predictable a /prɪˈdɪktəbl/ có thể đoán trước, dự đoán được
The ending of the book was entirely
predictable.
Predict v /prɪˈdɪkt/ dự báo
forecast He predicts a bright future for the
business in the next financial year.
Prediction n /prɪˈdɪkʃn/ lời dự đoán, tiên đoán
I've learned not to make predictions
about the weather.
10 Manageable a /ˈmænɪdʒəbl/ có thể giải quyết, kiểm soát
The debt has been reduced to a more
manageable level.
11 Key n /kiː/ chìa khoá để đạt được gì
secret key to doing sth: Language is the key
to understanding those around you.
12 Ensure v /ɪnˈʃʊr/ đảm bảo, chắc chắn cái gì
We are working to ensure the safety of
people in the city.
13 Expand v /ɪkˈspænd/ (to become greater in size, number
or importance; to make sth greater
in size, number or importance) mở
rộng kích cỡ, số lượng, tầm quan
trọng…
We plan to expand the pub by adding
a family room.
Expansion n /ɪkˈspænʃn/ sự mở rộng, sự bành trướng
Despite the recession the company is
confident of further expansion.
14 Spread v /spred/ lan rộng, lây lan
The disease is spread by mosquitoes.
15 Enlarge v /ɪnˈlɑːrdʒ/ (to make sth bigger) làm to lên, lớn
lên
Reading will enlarge your vocabulary.
16 Hectic a /ˈhektɪk/ sôi nổi, đầy bận rộn
This week has been really hectic.
Pursue v /pərˈsu:/ đuổi theo, tìm kiếm
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17 She wishes to pursue a medical career.
Pursuit n /pɚˈsuːt/ sự theo đuổi, tiếp tục tìm kiếm
She travelled the world in pursuit of
her dreams.
18 Chase v /tʃeɪs/ (try to obtain sth like money,
success) săn đuổi, cố gắng đạt được
gì
I suppose chasing fame and fortune
isn’t worth it after all.
19 Follow v /ˈfɒləʊ/ theo dõi (chẳng hạn đi theo sau ai và
xem những gì họ làm); dõi theo (làm
theo hướng dẫn, lời khuyên của ai
đó)
20 Need n /niːd/ nhu cầu
We want this school to meet the needs
of all our children.
21 Priority n /praɪˈɒrəti/ sự ưu tiên
give priority to sth: Priority will be
given to children of families with low
incomes.
22 Supply n /səˈplaɪ/ nguồn cung cấp, dự trữ
We cannot guarantee adequate
supplies of raw materials.
23 Strain n /streɪn/ sự căng thẳng, áp lực
strain on sth: These repayments are
putting a strain on our finances.
24 Municipal a /mjuːˈnɪsɪpl/ thuộc chính quyền thành phố, thị xã
25 Urban sprawl np /ˈɜr·bən ˈsprɔl/ sự mở rộng đô thị tràn lan
26 Overwhelming a /ˌəʊvərˈwelmɪŋ/ lấn át; quá tải
An overwhelming majority voted
against his proposal.
27 Concern n /kənˈsɜːn/ (something that is important to a
person, an organization, etc.) vấn đề
to tát, quan trọng, cấp thiết, mối bận
tâm
main/primary/major concern: Our
primary concern is to give our clients
practical care.
28 Worry n /ˈwʌri/ nỗi lo
anxiety Students should discuss any problems
or worries they have with their course
tutors.
29 Demand n /dɪˈmænd/ yêu cầu, đòi hỏi
She repeated her demand for an
urgent review of the system.
Demanding a /dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ/ đòi hỏi cao, khắt khe; khó khăn, đòi
hỏi phức tạp
Police work is physically demanding
and stressful.

10
30 Desire n /dɪˈzaɪər/ mong muốn, khao khát
He now had enough money to satisfy
all his desires.
Desirable a /dɪˈzaɪərəbl/ đáng thèm muốn, đáng khao khát;
muốn có được
The house has many desirable
features.
31 Standard n /ˈstændərd/ tiêu chuẩn, chất lượng
standard of: higher standards of
service in hospitals
32 Forewarn v /fɔːrˈwɔːrn/ cảnh báo
The commander had been forewarned
of the attack.
33 Closure n /ˈkləʊʒər/ sự cấm đường, cầu
There will be road closures and
diversions in the area from 8 p.m.
34 Residence n /ˈrezɪdəns/ nơi cư trú, dinh thự, nhà ở (đặc biệt
là nơi dành cho những nhân vật quan
trọng)
That big building is the Governor’s
official residence.
Residency (also n /ˈrezɪdənsi/ sự cho phép thường trú
residenc) She has been granted permanent
residency in Britain.
Reside v /rɪˈzaɪd/ cư trú, trú ngụ
The family now resides in southern
France.
Residential a /ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/ thuộc khu dân cư
The business was disturbing people in
the usually quiet residential area.
Resident n /ˈrezɪdənt/ cư dân
The proposals sparked concern
among local residents.
35 Suburban a /səˈbɜːrbən/ thuộc vùng ngoại ô
Suburb n /ˈsʌbɜːrb/ vùng ngoại ô, ngoại thành
They live in the suburbs.
36 Spontaneous a /spɑːnˈteɪniəs/ tự động, tự ý; không ép buộc, gò bó,
Jo's a cheerful, spontaneous person,
always ready for some fun.
Spontaneity n /ˌspɑːntəˈneɪəti/ sự tự nhiên, tự ý, tự phát sinh; không
ép buộc, gò bó
There is a lack of spontaneity in her
performance.
37 Accidental a /ˌæksɪˈdentl/ tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên
It was suggested that the fire was not
accidental.
Accident n /ˈæksɪdənt/ sự rủi ro, tai nạn; sự tình cờ, ngẫu
nhiên
38 Proximity n /prɑːkˈsɪməti/ trạng thái ở gần (không gian và thời
gian), sự gần, lân cận

11
 proximity to: the town’s proximity to
the mountains
Proximate a /ˈprɑːksɪmət/ gần (về thời gian, thứ tự…); gần nhất,
trực tiếp nhất
The proximate cause of the failure of
the operation was a shortage of
ammunition.
Proximal a /ˈprɑːksɪməl/ (located closer to the center of the
body or to where a part is attached to
the body ) ở đầu gần, gần gốc
The elbow is proximal to the wrist.
39 Accommodation n /əˌkɑːməˈdeɪʃn/ chỗ ở
The hotel provides accommodation
for up to 100 people.
Accommodate v /əˈkɑːmədeɪt/ cung cấp chỗ ở
The teams will be accommodated in
luxury hotels.
40 Sanitation n /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/ hệ thống, biện pháp cải thiện điều
kiện vệ sinh
A lack of clean water and sanitation
were the main problems.
Sanitary a /ˈsænəteri/ hợp vệ sinh, bảo vệ sức khoẻ
Overcrowding has now been added to
poor sanitary conditions.
Sanitize v /ˈsænɪtaɪz/ làm vệ sinh, làm sạch
41 Shortage n /ˈʃɔːrtɪdʒ/ sự thiếu
deficiency, lack Refugees are facing serious food and
fuel shortages.
42 Loss n /lɔːs/ sự mất mát, tổn thất, thiệt hại
There will be substantial job losses if
the factory closes down.
43 Excess a /ɪkˈses/ sự quá mức, vượt quá cần thiết, quy
định
Are you suffering from an excess of
stress in your life?
44 Proportion n /prəˈpɔːʃn/ (a part or share of a whole) tỷ lệ,
phần
The proportion of men to women in
the college has changed dramatically
over the years.
45 Level n /ˈlevl/ mức, mức độ
The river has fallen to its lowest level
since 2012.
46 Amount n /əˈmaʊnt/ số lượng
A computer can store a vast amount
of information.
47 Rate n /reɪt/ (a measurement of the speed at
which something happens) tỷ lệ, tốc
độ
Figures published today show another
fall in the rate of inflation.
12
48 Indifferent a /ɪnˈdɪfrənt/ thờ ơ, vô tâm
The government cannot afford to be
indifferent to public opinion.
Indifference n /ɪnˈdɪfrəns/ sự vô tâm, lãnh đạm, thờ ơ
his total indifference to what people
thought of him
49 Differential a /ˌdɪfəˈrenʃl/ chênh lệch, khác nhau
(only the differential treatment of prisoners
before based on sex and social class
noun)
50 Differentiate v /ˌdɪfəˈrenʃieɪt/ phân biệt điểm khác; phân biệt đối
xử
51 Migrate v /maɪˈɡreɪt/ tạm thời di chuyển tới một nơi khác,
emigrate một thành phố hay một xứ sở khác
để tìm việc làm
Thousands were forced to migrate
from rural to urban areas in search of
work.
52 Fix v /fɪks/ tìm cách giải quyết
Is it too late to fix their marriage?
53 Heal v /hiːl/ chữa lành, làm xoa xịu
This will help to heal your cuts and
scratches.
54 Defeat v /dɪˈfiːt/ đánh bại
beat He defeated the champion in three
sets.
55 Unemployment n /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ tình trạng thất nghiệp
an area of high/low unemployment
Unemployed a /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/ thất nghiệp
jobless How long have you been unemployed?
56 Poverty n /ˈpɒvəti/ sự nghèo khổ
More than 1.5 million Americans fell
into poverty last year.
57 Refugee n /ˌrefjuˈdʒiː/ người tị nạn
The UN provided emergency economic
aid to the refugees.
58 Shelter n /ˈʃeltər/ nơi trú ẩn, trú ngụ
In developing countries, more than
640 million are without shelter.
59 Uproot v /ˌʌpˈruːt/ di cư đến nơi khác, rời khỏi nơi ở
uproot yourself/sb: If I accept the
job, it will mean uprooting my family
and moving to Italy.
60 Retire v /rɪˈtaɪər/ nghỉ hưu
He is retiring next year after 30 years
with the company.
Retirement n /rɪˈtaɪərmənt/ sự nghỉ hưu
61 Rush hour n /ˈrʌʃ ˌaʊr/ giờ cao điểm
Don’t travel at rush hour.
Disturbance n /dɪˈstɜːbəns/ sự làm mất yên tĩnh, quấy rầy

13
 62 The building work is creating
constant noise, dust and disturbance.
Disturb v /dɪˈstɜːb/ làm mất yên tĩnh, quấy rầy
If you get up early, try not to disturb
everyone else.
Undisturbed a /ˌʌndɪˈstɜːbd/ yên tĩnh, không bị xâm phạm, động
vào
The treasure had lain undisturbed for
centuries.

II. Structure
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Take place diễn ra
The Olympics take place every four years.
2 Hustle and bustle lối sống vội vã, nhộn nhịp, hối hả
We escaped from the hustle and bustle of the city for the
weekend.
3 Odds and ends đồ linh tinh, còn sót lại, không có giá trị
She spent the day sorting through a box full of odds and ends.
4 Here and there đây đó, ở nhiều chỗ
Tall trees were growing here and there.
5 Part and parcel of something phần cơ bản, quan trọng, thiết yếu
These little arguments were part and parcel of their
relationship.
2 Live out something sống hết phần đời còn lại ở đâu
He lived out his days alone.
3 Move along di chuyển, chuyển đi chỗ khác
The police were telling us to move along.
4 Get away đi du lịch; bỏ trốn;…
5 Run out (of something) hết, cạn kiệt, không còn
I've run out of milk/money/ideas/patience.
6 In advance (of something) (làm cái gì) sớm, trước đó
We try to plan well in advance.
7 Ahead of time/schedule trước, sớm hơn dự kiến
The train had left five minutes ahead of time.
8 In (less than/next to) no time rất nhanh chóng, rất nhanh thôi
The kids will be leaving home in no time.
9 On no account/ Not on any không vì lý do nào
account On no account should the house be left unlocked.
10 Be/Get fed up (with) doing chán ngấy vì phải làm gì
something People are fed up with all these traffic jams.

III. Từ vựng và cấu trúc bổ trợ làm bài đọc điền

VOCABULARY
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa
loại

14
 1 Infrastructure n /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃər/ cơ sở hạ tầng
The war has badly damaged the country's
infrastructure.
2 Housing n /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ nơi ăn ở; việc cung cấp nhà ở
There is a shortage of affordable housing.
3 Unprecedented a /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/ chưa từng có
The flood waters have risen to unprecedented
levels.
4 Number n /ˈnʌmbər/ số lượng người, vật
quantity The total number of students has doubled in the
last six years.
5 Policymaker n /ˈpɑːləsimeɪkər/ người đề ra, hoạch định chính sách
Policymakers should consider the evidence on
the law's potential economic impact.
6 Distil(l) v /dɪˈstɪl/ chắt lọc, đúc kết ý nghĩa
distil sth (from/into sth): The notes I made on
my travels were distilled into a book.
7 Translate v /trænzˈleɪt/ chuyển đổi
translate sth (into sth): It's time to translate
words into action.

STRUCTURE
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Neither…nor…/Not…nor… không…cũng không…
She could not speak, nor could she understand anything we
said.

IV. Từ vựng và cấu trúc bổ trợ làm bài đọc

VOCABULARY
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa
loại
1 Setting n /ˈsetɪŋ/ khung cảnh, bối cảnh, nơi ở
It was the perfect setting for a wonderful
Christmas.
2 Luxury n /ˈlʌkʃəri/ sự xa xỉ, sang trọng
Now we'll be able to live in luxury for the rest of
our lives.
Luxurious a /lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs/ xa xỉ, sang chảnh
The car felt luxurious.

Luxuriate v /lʌɡˈʒʊriˌeɪt/ tận hưởng, sống sung sướng

She luxuriated in all the attention she received.
3 Burden v /ˈbɜːrdn/ đè nặng lên, làm gánh nặng
I don't want to burden you with my worries.

STRUCTURE

15
 STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 As often as not/More often thông thường thì, hầu như
than not As often as not, he's late for work.
2 Miss out (on something) bỏ lỡ
Of course I'm coming—I don't want to miss out on all the
fun!
3 Sort sắp xếp, thu xếp, giải quyết
something/someone/yourself If you can wait a moment, I'll sort it all out for you.
out

BÀI TẬP NGÀY 10/7/2024

I. Vocabulary
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa & Ví dụ
loại
1 Carbon np /ˌkɑːrbən ˈfʊtprɪnt/ lượng khí nhà kính (chủ yếu là CO2) thải
footprint vào khí quyển qua hoạt động của con người
Flying is the biggest contribution to my
carbon footprint.
2 Reduce v /rɪˈduːs/ cắt giảm
They will require car makers to reduce
emissions of carbon dioxide by 30%.
Reduction n /rɪˈdʌkʃn/ sự giảm xuống, cắt giảm
This year has seen a 33% reduction in the
number of hospital beds available.
3 Worsen v /ˈwɝː.sən/ làm xấu đi, tệ hơn
aggravate Her health has worsened considerably since
we last saw her.
4 Weaken v /ˈwiːkən/ làm cho yếu đi
His health was weakened by overwork.
5 Drop v /drɑːp/ giảm xuống, yếu đi
fall The temperature has dropped considerably.
6 Awareness n /əˈwernəs/ nhận thức
raise/increase awareness (of): The
campaign aims to raise awareness of the
dangers of passive smoking.
awareness about sth: The group is trying to
raise public awareness about homelessness.
7 Contribution n /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ sự đóng góp, góp phần
make a contribution to: He made a very
positive contribution to the success of the
project.
Contribute v /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ đóng góp, góp phần
contribute to/towards sth: Many local
businesses offered to contribute to the school
rebuilding fund.
8 Climate change np /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ sự biến đổi khí hậu

16
 These policies are designed to combat the
effects of climate change.
9 Infectious a /ɪnˈfekʃəs/ dễ lây lan, dễ lây bệnh
Flu is highly infectious.
Infect v /ɪnˈfekt/ làm nhiễm bệnh
people infected with HIV
Infection n /ɪnˈfekʃn/ sự lây, nhiễm bệnh
Breast milk can help protect babies against
infection.
10 Severe a /sɪˈvɪr/ nghiêm trọng, tồi tệ
a severe illness/disease
Severity n /sɪˈverəti/ sự tồi tệ, nặng
The chances of a full recovery will depend on
the severity of her injuries.
11 Ecological a /ˌiːkəˈlɑːdʒɪkl/ thuộc sinh thái
We risk upsetting the ecological balance of
the area.
Ecology n /iˈkɑːlədʒi/ (the relation of plants and living creatures
to each other and to their environment; the
study of this) sinh thái học
Oil pollution could damage the fragile
ecology of the coral reefs.
Ecologist n /iˈkɑːlədʒɪst/ nhà sinh thái học
12 Threaten v /ˈθretn/ đe doạ, gây nguy hiểm
endanger Pollution is threatening marine life.
Threat n /θret/ nguy cơ, mối đe doạ
Officials were confident there had been no
threat to public health.
Threatening a /ˈθretnɪŋ/ mang tính đe doạ, hăm doạ
menacing She’s been receiving threatening phone calls.
13 Upset v /ˌʌpˈset/ (to make sth go the wrong way) làm rối
loạn, đảo lộn
A new policy on taxation would upset the
political balance of the country.
14 Adaptation n /ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/ sự thích nghi
the adaptation of desert species to the hot
conditions
Adapt v /əˈdæpt/ thích nghi, thích ứng
adjust, change, adapt to: Some animals have a remarkable
match, alter ability to adapt to changing environments.
Adaptable a /əˈdæptəb(ə)l/ có thể thích nghi, thích ứng
We need adaptable workers who are willing
to learn new skills.
Adaptive a /əˈdæptɪv/ mang tính thích nghi
We teach our clients to run projects in an
adaptive manner.
Adaptability n /əˌdæptəˈbɪləti/ khả năng thích nghi, thích ứng
He was praised for his adaptability to
different situations.
17
15 Potential a /pəˈtenʃl/ tiềm tàng
possible First we need to identify actual and potential
problems.
16 Pattern n /ˈpætərn/ (the regular way in which sth happens or is
done ) kiểu, mô hình
We have no way of predicting next year's
weather patterns (kiểu thời tiết).
17 Response n /rɪˈspɑːns/ sự phản hồi, hồi đáp
in response to sth: In response to
complaints, the company reviewed its safety
procedures.
Responsive a /rɪˈspɑːnsɪv/ phản ứng nhanh, đáp lại một cách vui vẻ,
nhiệt tình
Firms have to be responsive to consumer
demand.
Respond v /rɪˈspɑːnd/ phản hồi, trả lời
reply I asked him his name, but he didn't respond.
18 Capacity n /kəˈpæsəti/ khả năng làm gì đó
They are worried about their capacity to
invest for the future.
19 Colonize v /ˈkɑːlənaɪz/ (of animals or plants) định cư, sinh sống
The slopes are colonized by flowering plants.
20 Habitat n /ˈhæbɪtæt/ môi trường sống, nơi cư trú của sinh vật
The panda's natural habitat is the bamboo
forest.
21 Adjust v /əˈdʒʌst/ thay đổi, điều chỉnh để thích nghi, thích ứng
This button is for adjusting the volume.
Adjustment n /əˈdʒʌstmənt/ sự thay đổi, điều chỉnh
I've made a few adjustments to the design.
22 Vary v /ˈveri/ thay đổi, dao dộng
fluctuate Results can vary greatly from year to year.
Variation n /ˌveriˈeɪʃn/ sự biến đổi, dao động
Currency exchange rates are always subject
to variation.
23 Alter v /ˈɔːltər/ thay đổi, làm thay đổi (về đặc điểm, tính
chất)
Giving up our car has radically altered our
lifestyle.
24 Transform v /trænsˈfɔːrm/ chuyển đổi, biến đổi thành cái gì(về dạng)
convert They’ve transformed the old train station
into a science museum.
25 Extinction n /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ sự tuyệt chủng
The mountain gorilla is on the verge of
extinction.
Extinct a /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ tuyệt chủng
The red squirrel is in danger of becoming
extinct in England.
26 Distinct a /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ khác biệt, riêng biệt; dễ nhận, dễ thấy, rõ
ràng They were classified into two distinct
groups.
Distinction n /dɪˈstɪŋkʃn/ sự khác biệt; nét độc đáo
18
 We need to draw a distinction between the
two events.
27 Migrate v /maɪˈɡreɪt/ các loài vật, nhất là các loài chim di chuyển
từ nơi này sang nơi khác theo mùa
Swallows migrate south in winter.
28 Immigrate v /ˈɪmɪˌɡreɪt/ (to come and live permanently in a
country after leaving your own country)
nhập cư
About 6.6 million people immigrated to the
United States in the 1970s.
29 Emigrate v /ˈemɪɡreɪt/ (to leave your own country to go and live
permanently in another country) di cư
We’re thinking of emigrating to New
Zealand.
30 Cause n /kɔːz/ nguyên nhân, lý do
Unemployment is a major cause of poverty.
31 Depredation n /ˌdeprəˈdeɪʃn/ sự phá hoại
The entire area has suffered the depredations
of war.
32 Species n /ˈspiːʃiːz/ loài (sinh vật)
Nearly 850 species of birds have been
identified within the country's borders.
33 Breed n /briːd/ giống, nòi
What breeds of dog are especially good with
children?
34 Disastrous a /dɪˈzæstrəs/ tai hoạ, thảm khốc
devastating, Such a war would be disastrous for the
catastrophic country.
Disaster n /dɪˈzæstər/ tai hoạ, thảm hoạ
catastrophe the world's worst humanitarian disaster
35 Ecosystem n /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ (all the plants and living creatures in a
particular area considered in relation to
their physical environment ) hệ sinh thái
Islands often support delicate ecosystems
that evolved without any need for defence.
36 Ecocide n /ˈiːkəʊsaɪd/ sự huỷ diệt, thuốc huỷ diệt hệ sinh thái
We all know that carbon emissions are
contributing to global warming and ecocide.
37 Hunting n /ˈhʌntɪŋ/ sự săn bắt
In 1966, the commercial hunting of blue
whales was banned.
38 Biological a /ˌbaɪəˈlɑːdʒɪkl/ (thuộc) sinh vật học
39 Effect n /ɪˈfekt/ tác động, ảnh hưởng
Smoking causes harmful health effects.
40 Affect v /əˈfekt/ ảnh hưởng
How will these changes affect us?
41 Thrive v /θraɪv/ hát triển, khoẻ mạnh, nở rộ…
flourish These animals rarely thrive in captivity.
42 Captivity n /kæpˈtɪvəti/ tình trạng bị giam cầm

19
 in captivity: Wild animals do not always
breed well in captivity.
43 Forage v /ˈfɔːrɪdʒ/ đi săn, tìm kiếm thức ăn
The female only leaves the young when she
forages for food.
44 Vegetation n /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn/ thảm thực vật
The hills are covered in lush green
vegetation.
45 Vegetarian n/a /ˌvedʒəˈteriən/ - người ăn chay
- (thuộc) người ăn chay, ăn chay, chay
a vegetarian dish/meal
46 Fragile a /ˈfrædʒ.əl/ dễ tổn thương, dễ bị ảnh hưởng
The economy remains extremely fragile.
47 Delicate a /ˈdelɪkət/ yếu đuối, dễ tổn thương
fragile Babies have very delicate skin.
48 Worldwide a/adv /ˌwɜːrldˈwaɪd/ toàn thế giới
The company employs 28 000 people
worldwide.
49 Considerably adv /kənˈsɪdərəbli/ rất lớn, nhiều
significantly Prices are considerably higher than they
were a year ago.
50 Insignificantly adv /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ tầm thường, không đáng kể
Health officials dismiss the problem as
insignificantly small.

II. Structure
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Succeed in (doing) something thành công trong việc gì
He succeeded in getting a place at art school.
2 Be in danger of (doing) có nguy cơ bị gì
something species in imminent danger of extinction
3 Depend on or depend upon dựa vào, phụ thuộc vào ai, cái gì
something What the products will look like will depend largely on what
customers want.
4 Cut down chặt, đốn hạ
Some trees had been cut down.

III. Từ vựng và cấu trúc bổ trợ làm bài đọc điền

VOCABULARY
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa
loại
1 Raise v /reɪz/ quyên góp
We are raising money for charity.
2 Widespread a /ˈwaɪdspred/ lan rộng
The storm caused widespread damage.
3 Clean-up n /ˈkliːn ʌp/ việc dọn dẹp, làm sạch

20
 the clean-up of the river
4 Breakup n /ˈbreɪk ʌp/ sự chia tay, kết thúc mối quan hệ
Family break-up increases the risk of childhood
depression.
5 Break-in n /ˈbreɪk ɪn/ sự đột nhập
Police were called to three break-ins in the same
area last night.
6 Look-in n /ˈlʊk ɪn/ cơ may, cơ hội
7 Ban v /bæn/ cấm
prohibit The law effectively bans smoking in all public
places.
8 Success n /səkˈses/ thành công
The company has achieved considerable success
in this market.
9 Successive a /səkˈsesɪv/ kế tiếp, nối tiếp
There has been low rainfall for two successive
years.
Succession n /səkˈseʃn/ sự kế tiếp, liên tiếp
series She has won the award for the third year in
succession.

STRUCTURE
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Tell the story kể chuyện, kể về
I suspected he hadn't told us the whole story.
2 Speed up tăng tốc; làm cho cái gì hoạt động nhanh lên
They have speeded up production of the new car.
3 Slow down làm chậm lại; giảm tốc độ
We hope to slow the spread of the disease.
4 Calm down bình tĩnh, trở lại bình thường
We waited inside until things calmed down.
5 Act up gây rối, cư xử tệ
The kids started acting up.

IV. Từ vựng và cấu trúc bổ trợ làm bài đọc

VOCABULARY
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa
loại
1 Biodiversity n /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːrsəti/ đa dạng sinh học
2 Climatic (only a /klaɪˈmætɪk/ liên quan đến thời tiết
before noun) climatic changes/conditions
Climate n /ˈklaɪmət/ thời tiết
3 Lay v /leɪ/ đẻ trứng
The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds' nests.
4 Hatch v /hætʃ/ nở (trứng)
Eleven chicks have been hatched since July.

21
 5 Predator n /ˈpredətər/ kẻ săn mồi
Some animals have no natural predators.
6 Latitude n /ˈlætɪtuːd/ vĩ độ
7 Salinity n /səˈlɪnəti/ độ mặn của nước biển
8 Circulation n /ˌsɜːrkjəˈleɪʃn/ sự di chuyển, sự vận hành, dòng chảy
9 Organism n /ˈɔːrɡənɪzəm/ thể sống, sinh vật
The cell is the unit of which all living organisms
are composed.
10 Precipitation n /prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn/ lượng mưa, tuyết…
There is heavy precipitation in some parts of the
country.
11 Pest n /pest/ vật gây hại (cây cối, hoa màu)
These birds provide a useful function in
controlling insect pests.
12 Amphibian n /æmˈfɪbiən/ lưỡng cư
13 Condensation n /ˌkɑːndenˈseɪʃn/ sự ngưng đọng, ngưng tụ; hơi nước ngưng tụ
The window was steamed up with condensation.
14 Natural np /ˌnætʃrəl sɪˈlekʃn/ chọn lọc tự nhiên
selection
15 Migratory a /ˈmaɪɡrətɔːri/ di trú
migratory birds
16 Flourish v /ˈflʌrɪʃ/ phát triển, nở rộ
thrive Few businesses are flourishing in the present
economic climate.
17 Temperate a /ˈtempərət/ (thời tiết) ôn hoà
a country with a temperate climate
18 Marine a /məˈriːn/

STRUCTURE
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Under threat (from bị đe doạ
someone/something) Many wild plants are under threat of extinction.
2 Rely on/upon tin tưởng, đặt niềm tin vào ai cho việc gì, dựa dẫm vào
someone/something for As babies, we rely entirely on others for food.
something

NGÀY 11/7/2024
I. Vocabulary
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa & Ví dụ
loại
1 Unchecked a /ˌʌnˈtʃekt/ không kiểm soát được, ngày một tệ
uncontrolled The plant will soon choke ponds and
waterways if left unchecked.
2 Catastrophic a /ˌkætəˈstrɑːfɪk/ thảm khốc, gây thiệt hại nặng nề
disastrous a catastrophic earthquake/flood/wildfire

22
 Catastrophically adv /ˌkætəˈstrɑːfɪkli/ gây ra nhiều thiệt hại
disastrously catastrophically injured victims
Catastrophe n /kəˈtæstrəfi/ thiên tai, thảm hoạ
disaster Early warnings of rising water levels
prevented another major catastrophe.
Catastrophism n /kəˈtæstrəfɪzəm/ (địa lý, địa chất) thuyết thảm họa (Tai biến
luận hay thuyết thảm họa là lý thuyết khoa
học cho rằng Trái đất cũng như sinh giới
phần lớn được hình thành bởi các thảm họa
lớn có quy mô toàn cầu.)
3 Emit v /iˈmɪt/ phát ra (ánh sáng, nhiệt...), bốc ra, tỏa ra
(mùi vị, hơi...).
Sulphur gases were emitted by the volcano.
Emission n /iˈmɪʃ.ən/ sự tỏa(nhiệt, ánh sang…), chất được sản xuất
và thải ra ngoài môi trường và gây tác hại
cho môi trường
the emission of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere
4 Release v /rɪˈliːs/ thải ra, giải phóng ra (qua phản ứng hoá học)
release sth into sth: Oxygen from the water
is released into the atmosphere.
5 Transport (= n /ˈtrænspɔːrt/ phương tiện vận chuyển, di chuyển
transportation) Travelling by train is still one of the safest
methods of transport.
6 Vehicle n /ˈviːəkl/ xe cộ
Don’t forget to lock your vehicle while it is
parked.
7 Transmission n /trænzˈmɪʃn/ sự lây lan (dịch bệnh); sự truyền tín hiệu…
Broadband transmission has speeded up
access to these sites.
8 Transfer n /ˈtrænsfɜːr/ sự chuyển từ nơi này sang nơi khác, công
việc này sang công việc khác
He has asked for a transfer to the company's
Paris branch.
9 Absorb v /əbˈzɔːrb/ hấp thụ
Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air.
Absorption n /əbˈzɔːrpʃn/ sự hấp thu
10 Swallow v /ˈswɒləʊ/ nuốt
Always chew food well before swallowing it.
11 Digest v /daɪˈdʒest/ tiêu hoá thức ăn
Humans cannot digest plants such as grass.
12 Conserve v /kənˈsɜːrv/ bảo tồn
Renewable energy resources can help
conserve fossil fuels and reduce carbon
emissions.
13 Maintain v /meɪnˈteɪn/ duy trì, giữ gìn
preserve Despite living in different states, the two
families have maintained a close friendship.
Maintenance n /ˈmeɪntənəns/ sự giữ gìn, bảo trì

23
 The school pays for heating and the
maintenance of the buildings.
14 Consume v /kənˈsuːm/ tiêu thụ, sử dụng (đồ ăn, thức uống, nhiên
liệu…)
Before he died, he had consumed a large
quantity of alcohol.
Consumption n /kənˈsʌmpʃn/ sự tiêu thụ, sử dụng
Gas and oil consumption always increases in
cold weather.
15 Electronic a /ɪˌlekˈtrɑːnɪk/ (thiết bị) điện tử
Airline passengers no longer have to turn off
all electronic devices while on the plane.
Electrical a /ɪˈlektrɪkl/ liên quan đến điện, sử dụng, sản xuất ra điện
electrical power/energy
Electricity n /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ điện, cho nhiễm điện
The wind farm will generate enough
electricity for some 30 000 homes.
Electrify v /ɪˈlektrɪfaɪ/ nạp điện
He had all the fences around his home
electrified.
16 Mitigate v /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/ (make sth less harmful, serious…)làm giảm
alleviate nhẹ, làm dịu đi
It is unclear how to mitigate the effects of
tourism on the island.
17 Reverse v /rɪˈvɜːs/ đảo ngược lại
Falling birth rates may reverse the trend
towards early retirement.
18 Crude oil n /krud ˈɔɪl/ dầu thô
19 Carbon capture phr công nghệ thu giữ và lưu trữ cacbon
and storage
20 Solution n /səˈluːʃn/ cách giải quyết
answer solution to sth: There’s no simple solution to
this problem.
21 Answer n /ˈænsər/ đáp án, câu trả lời
22 Breakdown n /ˈbreɪkdaʊn/ sự chết máy; sự kết thúc, giải tán…
Their car trip was a disaster – they had
frequent breakdowns and never reached their
destination.
23 Deforestation n /ˌdiːˌfɔːrɪˈsteɪʃn/ sự phá rừng
24 Disrupt v /dɪsˈrʌpt/ (to make it difficult for sth to continue in the
normal way) làm gián đoạn, làm ảnh hưởng
Bus services will be disrupted tomorrow
because of the bridge closure.
25 Interfere v /ˌɪntərˈfɪr/ can thiệp, xen vào(làm cho tình huống trở
nên xấu hơn)
I wish my mother would stop interfering and
let me make my own decisions.
Interference n /ˌɪntəˈfɪərəns/ sự can thiệp

24
 They expressed resentment at outside
interference in their domestic affairs.
26 Intervene v /ˌɪntərˈviːn/ xen vào, can thiệp vào (để cải thiện tình
hình)
The President intervened personally in the
crisis.
27 Alarming a /əˈlɑːrmɪŋ/ đáng báo động, lo ngại
at an alarming rate: The rainforests are
disappearing at an alarming rate.
28 Worrying a /ˈwʌriɪŋ/ làm lo lắng
The most worrying trend is the sharp decline
in young readers.
29 Ignore v /ɪɡˈnɔːr/ ngó lơ, không chú ý
to ignore a warning/a problem/an issue
30 Neglect v /nɪˈɡlekt/ sao nhãng, không chú ý, bỏ mặc
Local communities have been neglected in
favour of private sector interests.
31 Adverse a /ədˈvɜːrs/ bất lợi, hại, tiêu cực
have an adverse effect on: Lack of money
will have an adverse effect on our research
programme.
Adversity n /ədˈvɜːrsəti/ thử thách, khó khăn
He overcame many personal adversities.
32 Extreme a /ɪkˈstriːm/ khắc nghiệt
extreme weather events such as floods and
heatwaves
33 Favorable a /ˈfeɪvərəbl/ thuận lợi
advantageous The weather was favourable for a barbecue
outside.
34 Rapidly adv /ˈræpɪdli/ rất nhanh
very quickly to increase/spread/expand rapidly
35 Gradually adv /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ từ từ, chậm chạp, dần dần
slowly to gradually increase/decrease

II. Structure
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Take action hành động ngay để giải quyết vấn đề
The richer countries of the world must take action to help the
poorer countries.
2 Turn off tắt máy, thiết bị
Please turn off the radio!
3 Carry out tiến hành, thực hiện
to carry out an inquiry/an investigation/a survey
4 Cut something down cắt giảm, hạn chế
(to…)/Cut down (on The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking.
something)

III. Từ vựng và cấu trúc bổ trợ làm bài đọc điền

25
 VOCABULARY
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa
loại
1 Issue n /ˈɪʃuː/ vấn đề, khó khăn, trăn trở…
The community is working together to address
social issues and problems.
2 Matter n /ˈmætər/ vấn đề
(singular) What's the matter? Is there something wrong?

3 Devastating a /ˈdevəsteɪtɪŋ/ gây ra nhiều thiệt hại, hư hỏng

disastrous Gambling can have a devastating effect on
families.
4 Discharge n /ˈdɪstʃɑːrdʒ/ sự giải phóng, thoát ra, tràn ra
a discharge of oil into the Missouri River
5 Speedily adv /ˈspiːdəli/ rất nhanh, tốc độ không bị ngắt quãng
rapidly All enquiries will be dealt with as speedily as
possible.
6 Hurriedly adv /ˈhɜːrɪdli/ rất vội vã, nhanh chóng
I hurriedly got up and dressed.
7 Injure v /ˈɪndʒər/ làm tổn hại, làm bị thương (nhất là tai nạn)
During the Second World War he was badly
injured by a bomb.
8 Hurt v /hɜːrt/ làm đau; làm ai đó buồn, tổn thương
My back is really hurting me today.
9 Wound (often v /wuːnd/ làm bị thương (vết thương do vũ khí…)
passive) The driver was seriously wounded in the
shooting.
10 Pain v /peɪn/ làm tổn thương
hurt She was deeply pained by the accusation.
11 Famine n /ˈfæmɪn/ nạn đói
12 Deficiency n /dɪˈfɪʃnsi/ sự thiếu, thiếu hụt, không đủ
shortage Vitamin deficiency in the diet can cause illness.
Deficient a /dɪˈfɪʃnt/ thiếu hụt
Their food is deficient in iron.
Deficit n /ˈdefɪsɪt/ số tiền thiếu hụt (do chi lớn hơn thu)
The trade balance has been in deficit for the
past five years.
13 Inadequacy n /ɪnˈædɪkwəsi/ sự thiếu, không đầy đủ
These statistics show the total inadequacy of the
present oil reserves.
Inadequate a /ɪnˈædɪkwət/ không thoả đáng, không đủ, không đủ tốt
The food supplies are inadequate to meet the
needs of the hungry.
14 Lack n /læk/ tình trạng thiếu, không đủ
dearth, shortage lack of sth: Passengers complained about the
lack of information when flights were cancelled.
,
STRUCTURE

26
 STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Run on gas/electricity etc. (máy móc, thiết bị) hoạt động, chạy bằng gas, điện…
Does your car run on premium or unleaded?
2 A matter of concern vấn đề đáng lo ngại
The issue of alcohol-related crime is becoming a matter of
great concern.

IV. Từ vựng và cấu trúc bổ trợ làm bài đọc

VOCABULARY
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa
loại
1 Mean a /miːn/ trung bình
average the mean temperature
2 Accelerate v /əkˈseləreɪt/ leo thang, tăng tốc
Inflation continues to accelerate.
3 So-called a /ˌsəʊ ˈkɔːld/ được gọi là, cái gọi là (không chính thức)
How have these so-called improvements helped
the local community?
4 Infrared a /ˌɪnfrəˈred/ dùng tia hồng ngoại
an infrared lamp
5 By-product n /ˈbaɪ prɒdʌkt/ (a substance that is produced during the
process of making or destroying sth else) sản
phẩm phụ
When burnt, plastic produces dangerous by-
products.
6 Silver bullet np /ˌsɪlvər ˈbʊlɪt/ giải pháp hiệu quả ngay tức khắc
There is no silver bullet to address growing
inequality in the population.
7 Stabilize v /ˈsteɪbəlaɪz/ làm ổn định
These medicines stabilize your heart rate and
lower blood pressure.
8 Viability n /ˌvaɪəˈbɪləti/ tính khả thi
feasibility There are doubts about the commercial
viability of the newspaper.
Viable a /ˈvaɪəbl/ khả thi
feasible Hospitals plan to stop services that are not
financially viable.
9 Justify v /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ bào chữa, biện hộ
defend The senator made an attempt to justify his
actions.
10 Modify v /ˈmɑːdɪfaɪ/ điều chỉnh, thay đổi
adapt A modified version of my article was published
in the newspaper.
11 Vitality n /vaɪˈtæləti/ sức sống, năng lượng
vigour She is bursting with vitality and new ideas.
12 Survivability n khả năng sinh tồn
13 Endurance n /ɪnˈdʊrəns/ sức chịu đựng

27
 He showed remarkable endurance throughout
his illness..
14 Feasibility n /ˌfiːzəˈbɪləti/ tính khả thi, thực tế
practicability I doubt the feasibility of the plan.
Feasible a /ˈfiːzəbl/ khả thi, làm được
practicable It's just not feasible for such a small firm to
compete with the big boys.
15 Hurdle n /ˈhɜːrdl/ vật cản, rào cản, khó khăn cản trở
obstacle The plan fell at the first hurdle.
16 Anthropogenic a /ˌæn.θrə.pəˈdʒen.ɪk/ gây ra bởi con người
anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases
17 Trap v /træp/ ngăn lại, giữ lại, không cho thoát ra
Solar panels trap energy from the sun.

STRUCTURE
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Build up hình thành, tạo nên
We’ve built up good relationships with our clients.
2 Trace something (back) truy xuất, truy vết, tìm nguyên nhân gốc rễ
(to something) The leak was eventually traced to a broken seal.
3 Make a dent in something giảm bớt
The latest health scare has made a significant dent in the sales
of beef.

NGÀY 12/7/2024
I. Vocabulary
Từ
STT Từ vựng Phiên âm Nghĩa & Ví dụ
loại
1 Down to earth a /ˌdaʊn tu ˈɜːrθ/ (sensible and practical, in a way that is
helpful and friendly) thân thiện, thực tế,
không khoa trương
2 Ambitious a /æmˈbɪʃəs/ tham vọng, rất quyết tâm
They were very ambitious for their children
(= they wanted them to be successful).
Ambition n /æmˈbɪʃn/ sự tham vọng
She was intelligent but suffered from a lack
of ambition.
3 Idealistic a /ˌaɪdiəˈlɪstɪk/ mơ mộng, không thực tế, hay lý tưởng hoá
She's still young and idealistic.
4 Practical a /ˈpræktɪkl/ (sensible and realistic) thực tế
Sarah is quite practical about love and
relationships.
5 Pretension n /prɪˈtenʃn/ sự cầu kỳ để gây ấn tượng
He spoke simply, without pretension.
6 Crucial a /ˈkruːʃl/ rất quan trọng, cần thiết
critical, essential

28
 Winning this contract is absolutely crucial to
our long term success.
7 Evil a /ˈiːvl/ xấu, độc hại, không tốt
harmful evil effects of television on children
8 Optional a /ˈɑːpʃənl/ được chọn lựa, không bắt buộc
The history course is optional, but English is
compulsory.
9 Vital a /ˈvaɪtl/ quan trọng, cần thiết
He played a vital role in setting up the
organization.
10 Satirical a /səˈtɪrɪkl/ châm biếm, trào phúng
a satirical magazine
11 Thought- a /ˈθɑːt.prəˌvoʊk.ɪŋ/ making you think a lot about a subject: kích
provoking thích bạn suy nghĩ về một chủ đề nào đó
a thought-provoking book/film
12 Inspirational a /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃənl/ tạo cảm hứng, đầy cảm hứng = making you
feel full of hope or encouraged
He gave an inspirational reading of his own
poems.
Inspire v /ɪnˈspaɪər/ trruyền cảm hứng
The actors inspired the kids with their
enthusiasm.
Inspiration n /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ nguồn cảm hứng
She became an inspiration and a role model
for a new generation of women.
13 Stimulating a /ˈstɪmjuleɪtɪŋ/ ấn tượng, gây kích thích, hấp dẫn
She was a very stimulating teacher who got
the best out of her students.
Stimulate v /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/ kích thích, khuấy động
The article can be used to stimulate
discussion among students.
Stimulation v /ˌstɪmjuˈleɪʃn/ sự kích thích, sự khuyến khích
14 Universal a /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːrsl/ ảnh hưởng, liên quan đến mọi người trên
toàn thế giới
Music is often thought of as a universal
language.
15 Provocative a /prəˈvɑːkətɪv/ - khiêu khích, trêu chọc
He doesn't really mean that—he's just being
deliberately provocative.
- kích thích suy nghĩ về chủ đề thú vị nào đó
= causing thought about interesting subjects
The programme will take a detailed and
provocative look at the problem of
homelessness.
16 Downtown a /ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/ khu vực trung tâm thành phố
a downtown store
17 Domestic np /dəˌmes.tɪk bạo lực gia đình
violence ˈvaɪə.ləns/
18 Prosperity n /prɑːˈsperəti/ sự giàu có, thịnh vượng
affluence

29
 The country is enjoying a period of peace and
prosperity.
Properous a /ˈprɑːspərəs/ giàu có, thịnh vượng
affluent Farmers are more prosperous in the south of
the country.
Prosper v /ˈprɑːspər/ giàu có, phát triển
thrive The economy prospered under his
administration.
19 Stabilization n /ˌsteɪbələˈzeɪʃn/ sự ổn định, bền vững
economic stabilization
20 Wealth n /welθ/ sự giàu có
The country’s wealth comes from its oil.
Wealthy n /ˈwelθi/ giàu có
rich
21 Up-to-date a /ˌʌp tə ˈdeɪt/ luôn cập nhật
She brought him up to date with what had
happened.
22 Interest-free a /ˌɪntrəst ˈfriː/ không lãi suất
an interest-free loan
23 Repayment n /rɪˈpeɪmənt/ sự trả lại
The loan is due for repayment by the end of
the year.
24 Extra a /ˈekstrə/ thêm, phụ, phát sinh
additional Breakfast is provided at no extra charge.
25 Interest n /ˈɪntrəst/ lãi suất
to pay interest on a loan
26 Intermarry v /ˌɪntərˈmæri/ kết hôn với người khác sắc tộc, màu da…;
kết hôn với người họ hàng gần
intermarry with sb: The settlers
intermarried with the local population.
27 Landlord n /ˈlændlɔːrd/ chủ nhà, chủ cho thuê
28 Newcomer n /ˈnuːkʌmər/ người mới
As a newcomer to the area, Paul was
anxious to make friends.
29 Dweller n /ˈdwelər/ người ở, sinh sống ở nơi nào đó
Apartment dwellers are still primarily
couples and singles.
30 Conservative a /kənˈsɜːrvətɪv/ bảo thủ, không chịu thay đổi; ăn mặc lỗi mốt
He's a very conservative dresser - he always
looks like he's wearing his father's clothes!
31 Trendy a /ˈtrendi/ chạy theo mốt, hợp thời trang
trendy clothes
32 Massive a /ˈmæsɪv/ to, khổng lồ
She died after taking a massive overdose of
drugs.
33 Huge a /hjuːdʒ/ to lớn, khổng lồ
enormous, vast This is going to be a huge problem for us.
34 Plentiful a /ˈplentɪfl/ số lượng nhiều
abundant Petrol seems to be in plentiful supply.
35 Numerous a /ˈnuːmərəs/ nhiều

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 many He had numerous other duties apart from
teaching.
36 Abundant a /əˈbʌndənt/ nhiều, phong phú, dồi dào
plentiful The country has an abundant supply of fossil
fuels.
Abundance n /ə'bʌndəns/ sự nhiều, phong phú
There was an abundance of food at the
wedding.
37 Kind-hearted a /ˌkaɪnd ˈhɑːrtɪd/ tử tế, rộng lượng
38 Greedy a /ˈɡriːdi/ tham lam
He stared at the diamonds with greedy eyes.
Greed n /ɡriːd/ lòng tham
39 Gracious a /ˈɡreɪʃəs/ lịch thiệp, tử tế
a gracious lady
40 Prestige n /preˈstiːʒ/ danh vọng, địa vị, uy tín
status The company has gained international
prestige.
Prestigious a /preˈstiːdʒəs/ uy tín, danh giá
(usually before a highly prestigious university
noun)
41 Respected a /rɪˈspektɪd/ được ngưỡng mộ, kính trọng
a respected member of staff
42 Notable a /ˈnəʊtəbl/ có tiếng, đáng chú ý
striking The town is notable for its ancient harbour.
43 Ordinary a /ˈɔːrdneri/ bình thường, thông thường
It was just an ordinary Saturday morning.
44 Stable a /ˈsteɪbl/ ổn định
steady People have become accustomed to a stable
economic situation.
Stability n /stəˈbɪləti/ sự ổn định
45 Durable a /ˈdʊrəbl/ lâu, bền
Painted steel is likely to be less durable than
other kinds.
46 Long-lasting a /ˌlɔːŋ ˈlæstɪŋ/ kéo dài
long-lasting effects
47 Steady a /ˈstedi/ vững chắc, ổn định
constant We've had five years of steady economic
growth.
48 Temporary a /ˈtempəreri/ tạm thời
These measures are only temporary.
49 Pressing a /ˈpresɪŋ/ cấp bách, cần được giải quyết ngay
urgent There is a pressing need for more specialist
nurses.
50 Degradation n /ˌdeɡrəˈdeɪʃn/ sự suy thoái, giảm sút
environmental degradation
51 Progression n /prəˈɡreʃn/ sự phát triển, tiến bộ
The drug can slow the progression of
Alzheimer’s disease.
52 Poisoning n /ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ/ sự nhiễm độc
At least 10 000 children are involved in
accidental poisonings every year.
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 Poison n /ˈpɔɪzn/ chất độc
Poisonous a /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ độc hại
toxic The leaves of certain trees are poisonous to
cattle.
53 Major a /ˈmeɪdʒər/ quan trọng, chính, lớn, to tát
The company encountered major problems.
54 Minor a /ˈmaɪnər/ nhỏ, không đáng kể
petty Women played a relatively minor role in the
organization.
55 Primary a /ˈpraɪmeri/ cơ bản, chủ yếu, chính
prime The primary aim of this course is to improve
your spoken English.
56 Cost-effective a /ˌkɔːst ɪˈfektɪv/ hiệu quả, tiết kiệm chi phí
(also cost-
efficient)
57 Apprehend v /ˌæprɪˈhend/ bắt, giam giữ
The thief was apprehended in the act of
stealing a car.
58 Odds n /ɒdz/ khả năng, cơ may
likelihood The odds of getting hit by a falling satellite
are very small.
59 Profitable a /ˈprɑːfɪtəbl/ đem lại lợi nhuận, có lãi
The company had to eliminate 200 jobs to
stay profitable.
Profit n /ˈprɑːfɪt/ lợi nhuận
Profits before tax grew from £615m to
£1 168m.
60 Worthless a /ˈwɜːrθləs/ vô ích, không có giá trị
Critics say his paintings are worthless.
61 Propose v /prəˈpəʊz/ gợi ý, đề xuất
suggest, offer I propose going to an early film and having
dinner afterwards.
Proposal n /prəˈpəʊzl/ đề xuất
His proposal that the system should be
changed was rejected.
62 Reject v /rɪˈdʒekt/ từ chối, bác bỏ
It is almost certain that our offer will be
rejected.
Rejection n /rɪˈdʒekʃn/ sự từ chối, sự bác bỏ
Their rejection of the peace plan raises the
threat of a more general war.
63 Discrimination n /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/ sự phân biệt đối xử
age/racial/gender/sex discrimination
Discriminate v /dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt/ phân biệt, đối xử phân biệt
It is illegal to discriminate on the grounds of
race, gender or religion.
64 Injustice n /ɪnˈdʒʌstɪs/ sự bất công
We are committed to fighting against
poverty and injustice.
65 Unfairness n /ˌʌnˈfernəs/ sự không công bằng

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66 Partiality n /ˌpɑːrʃiˈæləti/ tính thiên vị, không công bằng
bias The judges have been heavily criticized for
their partiality in the whole affair.
67 Downmarket a /ˌdaʊnˈmɑːrkɪt/ rẻ, kém chất lượng
a downmarket tabloid newspaper
68 Assured a /əˈʃʊrd/ chắc chắn, đảm bảo sẽ xảy ra
guaranteed Success seemed assured.
69 Inescapable a /ˌɪnɪˈskeɪpəbl/ không thể tránh khỏi
unavoidable The evidence points to the inescapable
conclusion that he is guilty of the crime.
70 Preventable a /prɪˈventəbl/ có thể ngăn chặn
Strokes and heart disease are the main
preventable causes of premature death.
71 Congestion n /kənˈdʒestʃən/ sự kẹt, tắc nghẽn
The project aims to reduce traffic congestion.
72 Blockage n /ˈblɑːkɪdʒ/ cái gây tắc nghẽn
obstruction a blockage in an artery/a pipe/a drain
73 Obstruction n /əbˈstrʌkʃn/ sự tắc nghẽn, cản trở
The abandoned car was causing an
obstruction.
74 Opening n /ˈəʊpənɪŋ/ sự mở cửa, khe hở
75 Shift n /ʃɪft/ sự chuyển đổi, thay đổi
In developed countries there has been a shift
from manufacturing to services.
76 Transposition n /ˌtrænspəˈzɪʃn/ sự thay đổi, đổi chỗ
77 Short-sighted a /ˌʃɔːrt ˈsaɪtɪd/ bị cận thị
78 Short-term a ngắn hạn
I’m sure we could offer you some short-term
employment.
79 Short-handed a /ˌʃɔːrt ˈhændɪd/ không đủ nhân lực
short-staffed I’m sorry about the delay—we’re rather
short-handed today.
80 Short-tempered a /ˌʃɔːrt ˈtempərd/ dễ nổi nóng, nóng tính
Being tired makes me very short-tempered.
81 Fluctuate v /ˈflʌktʃueɪt/ thay đổi, dao động
vary During the crisis, oil prices fluctuated
between $20 and $40 a barrel.
82 Spacious a /ˈspeɪʃəs/ rộng lớn, nhiều không gian
roomy The hotel rooms are spacious and
comfortable.
83 Far-reaching a /ˌfɑːr ˈriːtʃɪŋ/ có ảnh hưởng rộng rãi
The consequences of the decision will be far-
reaching.
84 Comprehensive a /ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv/ bao hàm, toàn diện, đầy đủ
complete, full We offer a comprehensive range of goods and
services.
85 Intensive a /ɪnˈtensɪv/ sâu, kỹ lưỡng, chi tiết
His disappearance has been the subject of
intensive investigation.
86 Crude a /kruːd/ khiếm nhã

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 vulgar crude jokes/language
87 Plead v /pliːd/ bào chữa, biện hộ
to plead guilty/not guilty
88 Proper a /ˈprɒpə(r)/ đúng, phù hợp
right, appropriate, The Government is failing to deliver proper
correct care and treatment to people with dementia.
89 Inappropriate a /ˌɪnəˈprəʊpriət/ không phù hợp, không hợp lệ
improper They admitted that it had been inappropriate
for him to comment on the matter.
90 Flawless a /ˈflɔːləs/ không có lỗi, hoàn hảo
perfect Her English is almost flawless.
Flaw n /flɔː/ lỗi
defect, fault, mistake The report reveals fatal flaws in security at
the airport.
91 Taste n /teɪst/ trải nghiệm
After 16 years in prison, it was their first
taste of freedom.
92 Inaccessible a /ˌɪnækˈsesəbl/ khó tiếp cận
They live in a remote area, inaccessible
except by car.
93 Unapproachable a /ˌʌnəˈprəʊtʃəbl/ khó gần
The man is described as being difficult and
unapproachable.

II. Structure
STT Cấu trúc Nghĩa
1 Look down on someone coi thường
She looks down on anyone who hasn’t had a university
education.
2 Bring up = raise nuôi dưỡng
He was brought up by his aunt.
3 On behalf of someone/on thay mặt, đại diện cho ai
someone’s behalf Mr Knight cannot be here, so his wife will accept the prize on
his behalf.
4 The pros and cons lợi và hại
We need to look at the pros and cons of each system.
5 On a kích thước, tần suất… lớn/nhỏ/khổng lồ…
large/small/grand/massive Nuclear weapons cause destruction on a massive scale (=
etc scale cause a lot of destruction).
6 Commit yourself to (doing) cam kết sẽ làm việc gì
something Borrowers should think carefully before committing
themselves to taking out a loan.
7 Clean up something loại bỏ tội phạm, những thứ xấu xa…
The new mayor is determined to clean up the city.
8 Level out/off thăng bằng, giữ ổn định
Sales have levelled off after a period of rapid growth.

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