Assignment Brief for Learners & Feedback Form

Learner Name SAURAV SANJAY NERKAR

Course Title Frankfinn Advance Certificate Course in Aviation, Hospitality, Travel &
Customer Service
Assessor Name Mrs. MANDEEP KAUR
I.V. Name Mrs. MANDEEP KAUR
Unit No. & Title 4 :- AVIATION INDUSTRY
9 :- OPERATIONAL TRAINING

Outcome Numbers & UNIT 4

Statements LO 1: Understand the roles, responsibilities and functions of the cabin crew.

LO 2: Learn - Types of the aircraft and its features, Aviation terms, Interior
and Exterior part of an aircraft.
.
LO 3: Understand the range of Infight meal services and its procedure.

LO 4: Explain and Analyze the emergency situations.

UNIT 9 –
LO 1: Learn about Domestic and International airports.
LO 2: Know the different types of service equipment’s in detail.
LO 3: Learn how to make Announcements.
LO 4: Learn different types of Safety emergency equipment’s.

Issue Date Submission Date

Learner’s Declaration

I confirm, the contents of the final assignment submitted, is based on personal research and analysis.
Learner Signature Date

Instruction Your assignment will not be accepted if it does not contain details of the text
material or unanswered or left incomplete

Guidelines: Students to attempt the below questions for getting PASS/ MERIT/ DISTINCTION
1. Write your responses in the space provided below the questions
2. Review your answers before submitting the Assignment
TIMELINE: You can take up to One week to submit the Assignments

C4.A4/9
Ques. 1. Briefly describe / write about the current updates in Aviation Industry (MINIMUM- 5
points). Justify with articles taken from Websites, newspaper & magazines. (PASS)
 In March 2023, Domestic carriers flew 13 million passengers. As per the Civil Aviation
Ministry, India will have more than 140 million passengers in FY2024 alone.
 India to handle over 1.3 billion passengers annually in the next 20 years. There are
currently 148 airports in the country, and it is the third-largest domestic market in the
world in terms of seat capacity. As of March 2023, IndiGo (domestic market leader)
with 56.8% of the market share, followed by Vistara (8.9%) and Air India (8.8%).
 High Competition Despite being touted as the ‘fastest growing aviation sector’ in the
world, airlines in the country have struggled to survive in the highly competitive and
unforgiving aviation industry.
 High Lease cost Nearly 80% of India's commercial fleet is leased, and airlines pay
annual lease rents of about ₹10,000 crore, making up almost 15% of their revenues.
Dollar-Rupee Volatility: This adds high costs to operations as the leases are in US
dollars, and the Indian rupee's depreciation raises costs further. The government's plan
to establish leasing companies in India may help reduce costs.
 Enhance Aviation Infrastructure there is a need to complete the ongoing projects under
the UDAN initiative in a time-bound manner. In addition, the existing capacity of
international airports should be augmented under the International UDAN initiative. The
government's intention to make India a global hub for Aircraft Maintenance, Repair and
Overhaul (MRO) services will result in saving costs and creating liquidity for airline
companies.

Ques. 2. Describe the functionality of the parts mentioned below: (PASS)

 Cockpit:
Ans The cockpit is the part of the aircraft that offers visibility to the front and sides, and
houses the pilots and other crew members, for example in older passenger airliners with a
flight crew of three, or in military aircraft performing missions that require different tasks
to be carried out in the cockpit.

 Cargo:
Air cargo is another term for air freight. It is the carriage or the transportation of goods
through an air carrier. Transport services via air are the most valuable when it comes to
moving express shipments around the globe and they consist of air mail, air freight, and
air express.

 Exterior parts – Primary and Secondary control:

Fuselage. The plane's body, or fuselage, holds the aircraft together, with pilots sitting at
the front of the fuselage, and passengers and cargo in the back. Cockpit. Wings. Tail
(Empennage) Engine(s) Propeller & Landing Gear.
  Interior parts – Baby bassinet, Bulk Head, Coat compartment, Jump Seat:
Instrument panel. This is similar to a car's dashboard, providing the pilot with
information about the flight, the engine, and the circumstances of the aircraft. ... Flight
controls... Pilot seats... Rudder pedals. ... Overhead panel. ... Side consoles.

 Slide Raft
An evacuation device that inflates automatically upon opening the door of an
aircraft unless predetermined actions are accomplished before the door is opened.

 Cabin Inter Communication System

CIDS (Cabin Intercommunication Data System) is the core digital cabin management
system used in all Airbus aircraft... The system consists of a central computer, the
director, the director interface board, one or more flight attendant panels, and a data
network for audio transmission in the cabin.

 Passenger Service Unit

The passenger service unit (PSU) is an aircraft component situated above each row in the
overhead panel above the passenger seats in the cabin of airliners.

Ques 3. What are the duties and responsibilities of a Chief Purser? (PASS)
Ans Welcomes passengers on board and directs them to their seats. inform passengers of
the aircraft about safety procedures and ensure that all hand luggage is securely stored
away check all seat belts and galleys are secure before take-off. make announcements on behalf
of the pilot and answer questions during the flight.

Ques 4 - (a) What is the difference between? (PASS)

 Narrow body and Wide body aircraft –

The narrow body has a single aile and the wide body has a double aile.

 Major and Minor meal service –

The minor meal may be a meal /beverage or a snack. Flights of 9 to 11 hours passengers
will be served two major meals. Flights of 11 hours and above: Passengers will be served
two major meals and one minor meal. The minor meal may be an a meal/ beverage or a
snack.
  Private and Commercial aircraft –
Commercial jets refer to air travel that is available to the general public, typically
Provided by large airlines, and follow a set schedule and route. Private aircraft are Owned
or chartered by individuals or companies for private use, with no set schedule.

Ques. 4 (b) Which documents to be carried by crew for a domestic flight? (PASS)

 Airline Identity card.

 Security pass issued by the Airport Authority of India.
 Crew member Certificate- A certification issued by the DCGA to all cabin Crew
operating from India.
 Flight safety certificate.

Ques 5.
Describe the Embarkation & Disembarkation procedure for Special handling passenger’s
mentioned below. (PASS)

 UNM
Ans An 'unaccompanied minor', commonly known as 'UM' is a child who is traveling alone
without a parent, guardian, or responsible adult. The term is frequently used in airline
policies, however, the specific meaning varies from airline to airline.

 Expectant mother
Ans Expectant mothers may be permitted to fly on IndiGo flights till the end of 36 weeks of
pregnancy, provided there are no prior complications. Fit to Fly certificate from the treating
obstetrician, dated not more than 7 days before the date of travel, is required only if the
pregnancy is between the 33rd and 36th week.

 Mother with infant

Ans Flying with a baby often means hauling along a car seat and a stroller and tons of other
baggage for baby. But if you're undaunted and planning to fly with a baby, it's important to
check with the carrier to understand all the rules that traveling with a small child entails. It's
a lot faster than taking a long road trip with a baby, but traveling by air is fraught with
issues, and you don't want this particular situation to be one of them.
  Deportee
Ans People who are not citizens of the country in which they are based and people who are
sent back to their country or another country for any reason (crime, etc.) are referred to as
deportees or deported passengers.

 Wheel Chair passenger

Ans Wheelchair Ramp You do not generally need a wheelchair, or only use a wheelchair for
long distances, but are able to climb stairs.

Ques 6. Explain Aviation Terms: (PASS)

Child fare – Infants upto the age of two can only travel accompanied by an adult on their
lap. The ticket prices are roughly 10 percent of the economy fare provided they don't
occupy a sea.

Scheduled Flight – A scheduled flight is what most people think of when they consider
buying an airplane ticket.

May Day - t is used when an aircraft or its occupants face imminent danger and require
immediate assistance. Mayday calls are typically made in situations Where the a risk of
crashing, a significant loss of control, or any other grave threat to safety.

Baggage allowance – On commercial transportation, mostly with airlines, the

baggage allow is the amount of checked baggage or hand /carry–on luggage the
company will allow per passenger. There may be limits on the amount that is allowed
free of charge , and hard limits on the amount that is allowed.

Wind shear - Wind shear (or wind shear), sometimes referred to as a wind gradient, is a difference
in wind speed/ or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere. Atmospheric wind
shear is normally described as either vertical or horizontal wind shear. Vertical wind shear is a
change in wind speed or Direction with a change in altitude. Horizontal wind shear is a change in
wind Speed with a change in lateral position for a given altitude.

Dog House – A small compartment in the aircraft cabin used to stow equipment.

Chocks – a wedge or block placed against a wheel or rounded object, to prevent it from
moving.
Ques - 7 (a) Analyze the below-mentioned Emergency Equipment: (Merit)

Name of the Used in what kind of emergency

emergency
equipment
Smoke Hood  PBE is used in fighting when dense
smoke, heavy fire, and toxic fumes are
available.
 PBE protects the eyes and respiratory tract.

Oxygen Bottle  For giving oxygen in an emergency

 Medical Assistance

Fire axe  Cut through light Structure

 Break Window and Panel in the
emergency
 Cut electrical wire

Asbestos  Holding hot metal

Gloves

Fire  It is used to extinguish small fires in the

Extinguisher aircraft

Door barrier  To prevent people from falling through

strap the open doorway.

Mega Phone  PA inoperative Megaphone is used to

make important announcements.
 Crowd control after the evacuation

ELT  Its main function is to emit distress

signal in the event of a plane crash.
7 (b) Abbreviations: (Merit)

ATA: Actual Time of Arrival

DGCA: Director General of Civil Aviation

ICAO: International Civil Aviation Organization

ATF: Aviation Turbine fuel

RWY: Runway

APU: Axilery Number Unit

JNML: Jain Meal

MOML: Muslim/ Mohammedan Mea

HNML: Hindu meal

BBML: Bland meal/ low residue ( fibre ) Ulcer diet

DBML: Diabetics/ Pancreatic diseases & Starch

Ques. 7 (c) Give the timings for all the Major and Minor meal services? (Merit)
 Breakfast – 0530 hrs-1000 hrs
 Lunch – 1200 hrs – 1430 hrs
 Dinner – 1900 hrs – 2200 hrs
 Supper – 1800 hrs -1930 hrs

Ques – 8 (a). Define Decompression? What are the types of Decompression and what is the
procedure to be followed by the Cabin crew to handle during decompression and post
decompression? (DISTINCTION)
Ans Decompression is defined as the inability of the aircraft's pressurization system to
maintain its designed pressure schedule. Decompression can be caused by a malfunction
of the system itself or by structural damage to the aircraft.

The speed of pressure loss is predominantly used to characterize the decompression

process:
 An explosive decompression is a change in cabin pressure faster than the lungs can
decompress. Most authorities consider any decompression that occurs in less than 0.5 seconds as
explosive and potentially dangerous. Explosive Depressurization/Decompression is more likely
to occur in small-volume pressurized aircraft, such as military jets or VLJs than it is in large
pressurized aircraft, and can result in lung damage to the aircraft occupants.
  A rapid decompression is a change in cabin pressure where the lungs can decompress
faster than the cabin. The risk of lung damage is significantly reduced in this
decompression as compared with an explosive decompression.

 Gradual or slow decompression is usually dangerous only when it has not been
detected at an early stage. Automatic visual and aural warning systems do not always
provide an indication of a slow decompression until its effects have become significant
and these warnings have not always been interpreted correctly.

8 (b) What are the different cuisines of the world - region wise? (East and South East cuisine,
South Asian cuisine, American cuisine and Mexican cuisine) (DISTINCTION)
Ans
1) East and Southeast Asian Cuisine:-
Chinese Cuisine: Known for its diverse flavors and cooking techniques, Chinese cuisine
includes dishes like dim sum, Peking duck, sweet and sour dishes, and various stir-fries. It
emphasizes balancing flavors and textures.
Japanese Cuisine:- Focuses on fresh, seasonal ingredients and presentation. Sushi, sashimi,
tempura, ramen, and bento boxes are common Japanese dishes.
Korean Cuisine:- Known for its bold flavors, Korean cuisine includes dishes like kimchi
(fermented vegetables), bulgogi (marinated grilled meat), bibimbap (rice bowl), and various side
dishes.
Thai Cuisine: Known for its balance of sweet, sour, salty, and spicy flavors. Thai dishes
include Pad Thai, green curry, Tom Yum soup, and Som Tum (green papaya salad).
Vietnamese Cuisine: Features fresh herbs, vegetables, and minimal use of dairy and oil.
Dishes include pho (noodle soup), banh mi (sandwich), spring rolls, and various rice dishes.

2) South Asian Cuisine:-

 Indian Cuisine: Known for its rich flavors and diverse range of dishes. Indian cuisine includes
curries, biryanis, tandoori dishes, dosas, and a variety of breads like naan and roti.
 Pakistani Cuisine: Similar to Indian cuisine with influences from the Middle East and Central
Asia. Dishes include Biryani, Nihari, Seekh kebabs, and various types of bread.
 Bangladeshi Cuisine: Known for its use of rice and fish. Dishes include Bhorta (mashed
vegetables), Bhuna Khichuri (rice and lentil dish), and various curries.
 Sri Lankan Cuisine: Features rice and coconut as staple ingredients. Dishes include hoppers
(bowl-shaped pancakes), kottu roti (stir-fried chopped roti), and various curries.

3) American Cuisine:-
 Southern Cuisine: Known for comfort foods like fried chicken, cornbread, collard greens, and
macaroni and cheese.
 Tex-Mex Cuisine:- A fusion of Texan and Mexican flavors, with dishes like chili con carne,
tacos, enchiladas, and fajitas.
 Cajun and Creole Cuisine:- Originating from Louisiana, dishes include gumbo, jambalaya,
crawfish étouffée, and beignets.
 New England Cuisine:- Features seafood dishes like clam chowder, lobster rolls, and baked
beans.

4) Mexican Cuisine:-
 Traditional Mexican Cuisine: Includes dishes like tacos, enchiladas, tamales, mole (a rich
sauce), and guacamole. Regional variations exist, such as Yucatecan, Oaxacan, and Pueblan
cuisines.

8 (c) Do a case study of any actual mishap of an air crash. Your concluding statements should
give your own opinion as a result of the research conducted by you.
(DISTINCTION)
Ans Let's take a look at the case of the crash of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370. On March 8,
2014, the Boeing 777-200ER disappeared while flying from Kuala Lumpur International Airport
to Beijing Capital International Airport.
 The aircraft lost contact with air traffic control about 40 minutes after takeoff, while over
the South China Sea. Subsequent analysis of satellite communication data suggested that
the aircraft turned westward and flew for several hours before crashing into the southern
Indian Ocean, far from its intended route.
 The search for the wreckage became one of the largest and most expensive aviation
mysteries in history. Despite extensive efforts, the main wreckage of the aircraft was not
located until July 2015 when a wing part was found on Réunion Island in the Indian
Ocean. Further debris was found along the coasts of other countries bordering the Indian
Ocean.
 The exact cause of the disappearance remains unknown, but investigators believe that the
aircraft's communication systems were deliberately disabled and the plane was turned
off-course. The reasons for this intentional act are still a subject of speculation, and the
fate of the passengers and crew remains a tragic mystery.
 This case highlighted the need for improved aircraft tracking and communication
systems, leading to discussions about enhanced flight data monitoring and real-time
tracking capabilities for commercial aircraft.