gs;spf; fy;tpj; Jiw

fpU\;zfpup khtl;lk;

10
jkpo;
gapw;rpf;fl;lfk;
2023-24

Kjd;ikf; fy;tp mYtyh;

fpU\;zfpup

1
 gj;jhk; tFg;G
jkpo; rpwg;G ifNaL

fpU\;zfpup khtl;lk;
2023-2024
jiyik
jpUkjp. ng.f.kNf];tup
Kjd;ik fy;tp mYtyu;> fpU\;zfpup khtl;lk;
திரு.எம்.மணிமமகலை, மாவட்ட கல்வி அலுவைர் ,கிருஷ்ணகிரி, மாவட்டம்
திரு.ஆர்.மகாவிந்தன், மாவட்ட கல்வி அலுவைர் ,ஓசூர், மாவட்டம்

முலைவர் மு.வவங்கமடசன் சி.இ.ஒ, மேர்முக உதவியாளர்(மம.ேி.க) கிருஷ்ணகிரி

திரு.எஸ்.வடிமவலு, உதவி திட்டஅலுவைர் ,சி.இ.ஒ,கிருஷ்ணகிரி

முலைவர் வபா.வெ.முரளி தலைலமயாசிரியர் அ.மம.ேி.பள்ளி,பாரூர்,கிருஷ்ணகிரி

ghl Mrpupau;fs;
• [h.mz;zhJiu> muR Nky;epiyg;gs;sp> Fe;jhug;gs;sp
• ,uh.mkyh MNuhf;fpa Nkup> muR cau;epiyg;gs;sp> ntz;zk;gs;sp
• ftpQu;. rp.rq;fj
P h> muR cau;epiyg;gs;sp> jpk;khGuk;
• jP.tp[ad;> muR Mz;fs; Nky;epiyg;gs;sp> fpU\;zfpup
• k.ehfuh[d;> muR Nky;epiyg;gs;sp> gh&u;
• R.Mde;jN[hjp> muR cau;epiyg;gs;sp> gd;dpms;sp

2
3
4
 jkpo; - tpdhj;jhs; tbtikg;G
vOj
tpdh nfhLf;fg;gLk;
nghUslf;fk; Ntz;ba kjpg;ngz;
vz; tpdhf;fs;
tpdhf;fs;
rupahd tpiliaj;
1 - 15 15 15 15x1=15
Nju;e;njLj;J vOJf
2 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;
16 - 21 (nra;As;-3> ciueil-3) 6 4 4x2=8
21 - fl;lha tpdh
2 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;
22 - 28 (,yf;fzk;> nkhopg;gapw;rpfs;> 7 5 5 x 2 = 10
fiyr;nrhw;fs;)
3 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;
29 - 31 (ciueilr; rpWtpdh -2> 3 2 2x3=6
ciug;gj;jp tpdh – 1
3 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;
(nra;As; rpWtpdh – 2>
32 - 34 3 2 2x3=6
kdg;ghlg; ghly;-1) 34 –
fl;lha tpdh
3 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;
(,yf;fzr; rpWtpdh -1>
35 - 37 3 2 2x3=6
mzp-1>
myfpLjy;-1)
5 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;
(nra;As; neLtpdh -1>
fbjk; -1
38 - 42 5 5 5 x 5 = 25
glk; czu;j;Jk; fUj;J -1
gbtk; - 1> tho;tpay; jpwd;fs;
my;yJ nkhopngau;g;G-1)
8 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;
43 - 45 (ciueil neLtpdh -1> 3 3 3 x 8 = 24
Jizg;ghlk; -1> fl;Liu -1)
nkhj;jk; 45 38 100

khzth;fs; gapw;rp ngw Ntz;ba gFjpfs;

• xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; myfpLjy;
• tpilf;Nfw;w tpdh mikf;f fbj mikg;G
• jpUf;Fws; glk; czh;j;Jk; fUj;J
• kdg;ghlg; ghly; gbtk;
• fiyr; nrhw;fs; Jizg; ghlf;fijfs;
• ciug; gj;jp tpdh fl;Liumikg;G
• mzp

5
 rhpahd tpiliaf; FwpaPl;Lld; vOJf. (tpdhvz;:1–11)
1. ‘nkj;j tzpfyd;’ vd;Dk; njhlhpy; jkpoofdhh; Fwpg;gpLtJ
- tzpff; fg;gy;fSk; Ik;ngUk; fhg;gpaq;fSk;
2. ‘fha;e;j ,iyAk; fha;e;j NjhifAk;’ epyj;Jf;F ey;y cuq;fs;-
,j;njhlhpy; mbf;Nfhbl;l gFjp Fwpg;gpLtJ rUFk; rz;Lk;
3. ve;jkpo;eh vd;gijg; gphpj;jhy; ,t;thW tUk; - vk;ñjkpo;ñeh
4. ‘Nfl;lth; kfpog; ghba ghly; ,J’–njhlhpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s njhopw;ngaUk;
tpidahyizAk; ngaUk; KiwNa - ghly;: Nfl;lth;
5. Nth;f;fliy> kpsfha; tpij> khq;nfhl;il Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk; gaph;tif
kzptif
6. ‘cdf;Fg; ghl;Lfs; ghLfpNwhk;> cdf;Fg; Gfo;r;rpfs; $Wfp;Nwhk;’-
ghujpapd; ,t;tbfspy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s eaq;fs; ahit? Nkhid> vJif
7. ‘ghL,kpo; gdpf;fly; gUfp’ vd;Dk; Ky;iyg;ghl;L mb czh;j;Jk; mwptpay;
nra;jp ahJ? fly;ePh; Mtpahfp Nkfkhjy;
8. ‘nghpakPir’ rphpj;jhh; - tz;zr; nrhy;Yf;fhd njhifapd; tif vJ?
gz;Gj; njhif
9. nghUe;Jk; tpil thpiriaj; Njh;e;njLf;f.
m) nfhz;ly; - 1.Nkw;F
M) Nfhil - 2.njw;F
,) thil - 3.fpof;F
<) njd;wy; - 4.tlf;F M)3>1>4>2
10. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; Kiwahd njhlh;-
jkpoh; gz;ghl;by; thio ,iyf;Fj; jdpj;j ,lKz;L
11. ‘rpyk;G mile;jpUe;j ghf;fk; va;jp’ – vd;Dk; mbapy; ghf;fk; vd;gJ rpw;W}h;
12. mwpQUf;F E}y;> mwpQuJ E}y; Mfpa nrhw;nwhlh;fspy; nghUis NtWgLj;jf;
fhuzkhf miktJ Ntw;WikcUG
13. tpUe;jpdiug; NgZtjw;Fg; nghUs; Njitg;gl;ljhy;> jd; fUq;Nfhl;Lr; rPwpahiog;
gizak; itj;J tpUe;jspj;jhd; vd;fpwJ GwehD}W- ,r;nra;jp czh;j;Jk;
tpUe;J Nghw;wpa epiy ,d;ikapYk; tpUe;J
14. ‘cdjUNs ghh;g;gd; mbNaNd’– ahhplk; ahh; $wpaJ? ,iwtdplk;
FyNrfuho;thh;
15. ghpghly; mbapy; ‘tpRk;Gk; ,irAk;’ vd;Dk; njhlh; vjidf; Fwpf;fpwJ?
thdj;ijAk; NgnuhypiaAk;
16. FyNrfu Mo;thh; tpj;Jtf;Nfhl;lk;kh vd;W Mz; nja;tj;ij mioj;Jg;ghLfpwhh;.
G+idahh; ghy;Nrhw;iwf; fz;lJk; tUfpwhh; Mfpa njhlh;fspy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s
tOtikjp KiwNa ghy;tOtikjp> jpiztOtikjp
17. ghuj ];Nll; tq;fpapd; ciuahL nkd;nghUs; vJ? ,yh
18. mUe;Jiz - vd;gijg; gphpj;jhy;--- mUikñJiz
19. ‘khghujk; jkpo;g;gLj;Jk; kJuhGhpr; rq;fk; itj;Jk;’ vd;Dk; rpd;dkD}h;r;
nrg;Ngl;Lf; Fwpg;G czh;j;Jk; nra;jp - rq;f fhyj;jpy; nkhop ngah;gG
; ,Ue;jJ

6
20. “,q;F efug; NgUe;J epw;Fkh?”vd;W topg; Nghf;fh; Nfl;lJ--- tpdh.
“mNjh mq;Nf epw;Fk;” vd;W kw;nwhUth; $wpaJ----tpil: mwpahtpdh> Rl;Ltpil
21. “mUisg; ngUf;fp mwpitj; jpUj;jp
kUis mfw;wp kjpf;Fk; njUis”– vd;W ,t;tbfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLtJ vJ?fy;tp
22. ,ilf;fhldhhpd; ghliy ,fo;e;jth;---,ilf;fhldhhplk; md;G itj;jth;---
kd;dd;> ,iwtd;
23. Fsph; fhyj;ijg; nghOjhff; nfhz;l epyq;fs;----FwpQ;rp> kUjk;> nea;jy;
epyq;fs;
24. xapyhl;lj;jpy; ,U thpirapy; epd;W MLfpd;wdh;-,j;njhlhpd; nrag;ghl;L tpidj;
njhlh; vJ? xapyhl;lk; ,Uthpirapy; epd;W Mlg;gLfpwJ
25. kyh;fs; jiuapy; eOTk; vg;NghJ? jsug; gpizj;jhy;
26. fufhl;lj;ijf; Fk;ghl;lk; vd;Wk; Flf;$j;J vd;Wk ;$Wth;. ,j;njhlUf;fhd tpdh
vJ? fufhl;lj;jpd; NtW ngah;fs; ahit?
27. Nfhry ehl;by; nfhil ,y;yhj fhuzk; vd;d? mq;F tWik ,y;yhjjhy;
28. rhpahd mfu thpiriaj; Njh;e;njLf;f coT> Vh;> kz;> khL
29. khytd; Fd;wk; Nghdhnyd;d? Ntytd; Fd;wkhtJ vq;fSf;F Ntz;Lk;. khytd;
Fd;wKk; Ntytd; Fd;wKk; KiwNa- jpUg;gjpAk; jpUj;jzpAk;
30. ‘jd;ehl;L kf;fSf;Fj; je;ijAk; jhAk; kfDkhf ,Ue;j murd;’ vd;Dk; nka;f;
fPh;j;jpj; njhlh; czh;j;Jk; nghUs; - newpNahL epd;W fhty; fhg;gth;
31. ,Uehl;L murh;fSk; Jk;igg; G+itr; #bg; NghhpLtjd; fhuzk;--
-typikia epiy ehl;ly;
32. jkpopdj;ij xd;WgLj;Jk; ,yf;fpakhf k.ngh.rp.fUjpaJ--- rpyg;gjpfhuk;
33. Nkd;ik jUk; mwk; vd;gJ--- ifk;khW fUjhky; mwk; nra;tJ
34. ‘tPl;ilj; Jilj;Jr; rhak; mbj;jy;’ ,t;tb Fwpg;;gpLtJ-
,ilawhJ mwg;gzp nra;jiy
35. ‘cyfNk tWikAw;whYk; nfhLg;gtd;’ vd;Wk; ‘nghUs;fspd; ,Ug;igf; $l
mwpahky; nfhLg;gtd;’ vd;Wk; ghuhl;lg;gLNthh; mjpad;>ngUQ;rhj;jd;
36. fhyf;fzpjk; ftpijapy; ,lk; ngw;w njhlh;---,fo;e;jhy; vd; kdk; ,we;JtplhJ
37. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpYk; kzpNkfiyapYk; mike;j ghtpdk;---mftw;gh
38. ‘,ts; jiyapy; vOjpaNjh fw;fhyk; jhd; vg;N;ghJk;’-,t;tbfspy; fw;fhyk;
vd;gJ jiyapy; fy; Rkg;gJ
39. Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpd; kfj;jhd rhjidAk; rthYkhf n[afhe;jd; fUJtJ ngw;w
Rje;jpuj;ijg; Ngzpf;fhj;jy;
40. G+f;ifiaf; Ftpj;Jg; G+Nt GhpnthL fhf;f vd;W ---------> -----------Ntz;bdhh;.
fUizad; vyprngj;Jf;fhf
41. tha;ikNa kio ePuhfp - ,j;njhlhpy; ntspg;gLk; mzp cUtfk;
42. fiyapd; fztdhfTk; rKjhaj;jpd; Gjy;tdhfTk; ,Ue;J vOJfpNwd;-
,f;$w;wpypUe;J ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;tJ r%fg; ghh;itNahL fiyg;gzpGhpaNt
vOjpdhh;

7
 ghliyg; gbj;Jg; gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpil jUf. (tpdhvz;:12-15)

“Kj;jkpo; Ja;g;gjhy; Kr;rq;fk; fz;ljhy;

nkj;j tzpfyKk; Nktyhy;-epj;jk;
mizfple;Nj rq;fj; jth;fhf;f Mopf;F
,izfple;j Njjkpo; <zL”
43. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;w E}y; - jdpg;ghly; jpul;L. Mrphpah; - jkpoofdhh;
44. ghlypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s nghUj;jkhd mzp - ,ul;Lwnkhopjy; mzp
45. jkpOf;F ,izaha;g; ghlypy; nghUj;jg;gLtJ - fly;
46. njhopw;ngah; my;yhj nrhy; - mzpfyd;

“ede;jiy cyfk; tis, NekpnahL

tyk;Ghp nghwpj;j khjhq;F jlf;if
ePh;nry> epkph;e;j khmy; Nghy
ghL,kpo; gdpf;fly; gUfp>
NfhLnfhz;L vOe;j nfhLQ;nryT vopyp”
47. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;w E}y; vJ? Ky;iygg;hl;L
48. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? eg;G+jdhh;
49. ghlypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s mb vJifr; nrhw;fs; ahit?
ghL,kpo;;>NfhLnfhz;L
50. ‘ede;jiy cyfk;’ - ,j;njhlhpd; nghUs;? mfd;wcyfk;
“md;W mtz; mir,> my;Nrh;e;J my;fp>
fd;W vhp xs;,zh; fLk;nghL kiye;J
Nre;j nraiyr; nrg;gk; Nghfp>
myq;F fio euYk; Mhpg;gLfh;r;
rpyk;G mile;jpUe;j ghf;fk; va;jp”
51. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;w E}y; - kiygLflhk;
52. ghlypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s mb vJifr; nrhw;fs; - md;W> fd;W – myq;F> rpyk;G
53. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? ngUq;nfsrpfdhh;
54. mir, - ,r;nrhy;ypd; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G – nrhy;ypirmsngil
“thshy; mWj;Jr; RbDk; kUj;Jtd; ghy;
khshj fhjy; Nehahsd; Nghy; khaj;jhy;
kPshj; Jah;jhpDk; tpj;Jtf; Nfhl;lk;kh! eP
Msh cdjUNs ghh;g;gd; mbNaNd.”
55. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;w E}y; - ngUkhs; jpUnkhop
56. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? FyNrfuho;;thh;
57. ghlypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s vJifr; nrhw;fs; - thshy;> khshj> kPsh> Msh
58. khak; - vd;gjd; nghUs; - tpisahl;L;
“nrk;ngh dbr;rpW fpq;fpzpNahL rpyk;G fye;jhlj;
jpUtiu aiuQh ziukzp nahL nkhsp jpfoiu tlkhlg;
igk;ngh dRk;gpa njhe;jp nahLQ;rpW gz;b rupe;jhlg;
gl;l Ejw;nghyp nghl;nlhL tl;lr; Rl;b gjpe;jhlf;
fk;gp tpjk;nghjp Fz;ly Kq;Fio fhJ kire;jhl”

8
59. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;w E}y; - Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp gps;isj;jkpo;
60. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? FkuFUguh;
61. ghlypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s mb vJifr; nrhw;fs; - nrk;nghd;> igk;nghd;> fk;gp
62. fhypy; mzpAk; mzpfyd; fpz;fpzp> new;wpapy; mzpAk; mzpfyd; Rl;b
“jz;liy kapy;f shlj; jhkiu tpsf;fe; jhq;ff;
nfhz;ly;fz; Kotp Ndq;ff;> Ftisfz; tpopj;J Nehf;f
njz;biu naopdp fhl;lj; Njk;gpop kfu ahopd;
tz;Lf spdpJ ghl kUjk;tPw; wpUf;F khNjh”
63. ,g;ghly; ,lk; ngw;w E}y; - fk;guhkhazk;
64. ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? fk;gh;
65. ghlypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s mb vJifr;nrhw;fs;-
jz;liy> nfhz;ly;fz;> njz;biu> tz;Lfs;
66. ‘nfhz;ly;’- ,r; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - Nkfk;
“gfh;tdh; jphpjU efu tPjpAk;;@
gl;bDk; kaphpDk; gUj;jp E}ypDk;
fl;L Ez;tpidf; fhUfh; ,Uf;ifAk;;
J}Rk; JfpUk; MuKk; mfpYk;”
67. ,t;tbfs; ,lk; ngw;w E}y; vJ? rpyg;gjpfhuk;
68. ghlypy; mike;Js;s Nkhidia vLj;J vOJf. gfh;tdh;-gl;bDk;
69. fhUfh; - nghUs; jUf. nea;gth;
70. ,g;ghlypy; Fwpg;gpLk; eWkzg; nghUs;fs; ahit? re;jdKk; mfpYk;

$Ljy; tpdhf;fs;
71. ngUQ;rpj;jpudhhpd; ,aw;ngah; Jiukhzpf;fk;
72. rhFk; NghJk; jkpo; gbj;Jr; rhf Ntz;Lk; - vd;wd; rhk;gYk; jkpo; kze;J
NtfNtz;Lk; vd;wth; f.rr;rpjhde;jd;
73. ‘re;jf;ftpkzp’vd;W ghuhl;lg;gLgth; - jkpoofdhh;
74. jkpoofdhhpd; ,aw;ngah; - rz;KfRe;juk;
75. cyff; fhw;W ehshff; nfhz;lhlg;gLk; ehs; - [_d;15;
76. ‘nkhopQhapW’vd;W miof;fg;gLgth; ghthzh;
77. ‘msngil’ vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - ePz;L xypj;jy;
78. xU nkhopf;fhf khehL elj;jpa Kjy;ehL – kNyrpah me;jnkhop – jkpo;
79. rhh;ngOj;Jfs;………..tifg;gLk; - gj;J
80. gj;Jg;ghl;by; Fiwe;j mbfis cila E}y; - Ky;iyg;ghl;L–103mbfs;
81. “ePLJapy; ePf;fg; ghbte;j epyh”– vd;W ghuhl;lg; ngw;wth; ghujpahh;
82. ghujpahh; Mrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpa ,jo;fs; - ,e;jpah> RNjrkpj;jpud;
83. “kaYWj;J fpd;w ,dpa thridAld; th”-
,jpy; kaYWj;J vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; kaq;fr; nra;
84. fhyk; fue;j nganur;rNk tpidj;njhif
85. “tz;nlhL Gf;f kztha;j; njd;wy;” vd;Dk; mbfs; ,lk; ngw;w E}y;
rpyg;gjpfhuk;
86. “tspkpfpd; typ ,y;iy” vd;Dk; mbfs; ,lk; ngw;w E}y; GwehD}W
87. cyfj; jkpo;f; fofj;ij epWtpj; jiytuhf ,Ue;jth; ghthzh;
88. xU nrhy;Nyh nrhw;nwhlNuh ,U nghUs;gl miktJ - ,ul;Lwnkhopjy;

9
89. ‘tpUe;Nj GJik’ vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; E}y; - njhy;fhgg;pak;
90. ‘Nkhg;gf; FioAk; mdpr;rk;’ vd;w thp ,lk; ngWk; E}y; jpUf;Fws;
91. ‘kUe;Nj MapDk; tpUe;njhL cz;’ vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; E}y; nfhd;iwNte;jd;
92. ntw;wp Ntw;if E}ypd; NtW ngah;- eWe;njhif
93. kiygLflhk; E}ypd; NtW ngah; - $j;juhw;Wg;gil
94. njhifepiyj; njhlh;fs; MW tifg;gLk;. njhfhepiyj; njhlh;fs; xd;gJ
tifg;gLk;.
95. ‘ez;gh vOJ’ vd;gJ tpspj;njhlh;.
96. ‘kw;nwhd;W’ vd;gJ vt;tifj; njhlh;? ,ilr;nrhw;nwhlh;
97. xU nrhy; ,uz;L> %d;W Kiw mLf;fp tUtJ – mLf;Fj;njhlh;
98. ‘ngg;gh;’ vd;w ,ae;jpu kdpjid cUthf;fpa ehL - [g;ghd;
99. ngUkhs; jpUnkhopapy; cs;s ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if -105
100. FyNrfuho;thhpd; fhyk; - vl;lhk; E}w;whz;L
101. ‘khshj’ vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - jPuhj
102. ,yf;fz KiwAld; gpioapd;wpg; NgRtJk; vOJtJk;……vdg;gLk;. tohepiy
103. ‘vd; mk;ik te;jhs;’ vd;W khl;ilg; ghh;j;Jf; $WtJ - jpiztOtikjp
104. xU tpuiyf; fhl;br; rpwpaNjh? nghpaNjh? vd;W Nfl;ly; - tpdhtO
105. xU nkhopapy; czh;j;jg;gl;lij NtnwhU nkhopapy; ntspapLtJ nkhopngah;g;G
vd;W $wpath; kzitK];jgh
106. nra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyh;…………vd;Dk; fiyapy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpdhh;. rjhtjhdk;
107. jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk; ,aw;wpath; - guQ;Nrhjp Kdpth;
108. KuRf; fl;bypy; cwq;fpa Gyth; NkhrpfPudhh;.
fthp tPrpa kd;dh; ngUQ;Nruy;,Uk;nghiw.
109. jhd; mwpahj xd;iw mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhf tpdTtJ – mwpahtpdh
110. ghlypd; njhlf;fk; Kjy; KbT tiu Mw;WePhpd; Nghf;ifg; Nghy Neuhfg; nghUs;
nfhs;tJ – Mw;W ePh;g; nghUs;Nfhs;
111. xU nra;Aspy; gy mbfspy; rpjwpf; fplf;Fk; nrhw;fisg; nghUSf;F Vw;wthW
$l;bg; nghUs; nfhs;tJ - nfhz;L$l;Lg;nghUs;Nfhs;.
112. tpdh MW tifg;gLk;. tpil vl;L tifg;gLk;.
113. Rl;Ltpil> kiwtpil> Neh;tpil %d;Wk; ntspg;gil tpilfs; vdg;gLk;.
114. ed;D}y; fpilf;Fkh? vdf; filf;fhuhplk; Nfl;gJ nfhsy; tpdh
115. tpdTk; tpdhtpw;F tpilahf Neh;e;jijf; $WtJ – cw;wJ ciuj;jy; tpil
116. tpdhtpw;F tpilahf ,dpNky; Neh;tijf; $wy; – cWtJ $wy; tpil
117. “ghlj; njhpAkh” vd;w tpdhtpw;Ff; “Mlj;njhpAk;” vd;W $WtJ
- ,dnkhop tpil
118. ‘Nfs;tpapdhd;’ vd;gjd; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G - tpidahyizAk; ngah;.
119. fk;gh; jhk; ,aw;wpa fhg;gpaj;jpw;F ,l;l ngah; - ,uhkhtjhuk;
120. “ehlff; fiyia kPl;nlLg;gNj jkJ Fwpf;Nfhs;” vd;wth;-
$j;Jg; gl;liw e.Kj;Jrhkp
121. njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; ,irf; fUtp - giw
122. fufhl;lj;ijf; Flf;$j;J vdf; Fwpg;gpLk; ,yf;fpak; - rpyg;gjpfhuk;
123. Fz;lyKk; FiofhJk; - ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G vz;Zk;ik
124. ‘el;rj;jpuq;fspd; eLNt’–vd;w ftpijj; njhFjpiag; gilj;jth;
ftpQh; ckhkNf];thp

10
125. ,sk; tajpNyNa r%f tpLjiyf;fhfg; Nghuhbath; - V.Nerkzp
126. nghd; Vh; G+l;Ljy; - jpq;fspy; eilngWk; - rpj;jpiu
127. ‘ntWf;if’vd;gjd; nghUs; - nry;tk;
128. ‘fz;Zs; tpidQh;’ vd;W rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLgth; - Xtpah;
129. Gwj;jpizfs; ---------- tifg;gLk; - gd;dpuz;L
130. kz;zhir fUjpg; NghUf;Fr; nry;tJ - tQ;rpj;jpiz
131. jd; ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w te;j khw;wurNdhL vjph;j;Jg; NghhpLtJ – fhQ;rpj;jpiz
132. kjpy; Nghh; gw;wpa jpizfs; : kjpiyf; ifg;gw;Wjy; - copiQ
kjpiyf; fhg;ghw;Wjy; - nehr;rp
133. ‘mwk; mwf;fz;l newpkhd; mitak;’ vdf; $Wk; E}y; - GwehD}W
134. ‘cyfNk tWikAw;whYk; nfhLg;gtd; mjpad;’ vd;wth; - xsitahh;
135. ‘khw;wk; vdJ khdplj;jj;Jtk;’ vd;W ghbath; - fz;zjhrd;
136. ntz;ghtpd; Xir – nrg;gNyhir Mrphpag;ghtpd; Xir – mftNyhir
137. ‘cyF’ vd;w <w;Wr;rPhpd; tha;ghL – gpwg;G
138. ‘ey;yit’ - ,r;nrhy;iy myfpl;lhy; - Neh; epiu
139. ‘,];kj; rd;dpahrp’ vd;gjd; nghUs; - J}aJwtp
140. tPukhKdpth; njhFj;j mfuhjp – rJufuhjp
141. gukhh;j;jFU fij vOjpath; - tPukhKdpth;
142. ,ay;ghf elf;Fk; epfo;r;rpapy; ftpQh; jd;Fwpg;ig Vw;wpf; $WtJ –
jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp
Ch;g; ngah;fspd; k&cit vOJf
jQ;rhT+h; - jQ;ir GJr;Nrhp -GJit
GJf;Nfhl;il - GJif Fk;gNfhzk; -Fle;ij
jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp - jpUr;rp jpUney;Ntyp -ney;iy
cjfkz;lyk; - cjif kd;dhh;Fb -kd;id
Nfhak;Gj;J}h; - Nfhit kapyhg;G+h; -kapiy
ehfg;gl;bzk; - ehif irjhg;Ngl;il -irij

njhlhpy; tpLgl;l ,lq;fis tz;zq;fshy; epug;Gf

1. thdk; fUf;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. kio tUk; NghypUf;fpwJ.
2. midthpd; ghuhl;Lfshy;> ntl;fj;jpy; ghlfhpd; Kfk; rpte;jJ.
3. nts;is kdk; cs;stiu mg;ghtp vd;fpNwhk;.
4. fz;Zf;Ff; FSikahf ,Uf;Fk; gr;irg;Gy; ntspfspy; fjputdpd; kQ;rs;
ntapy; gutpf; fplf;fpwJ.
5. ntapypy; miye;jhy; cly; fUj;J tpLk;.
nghUj;jkhdtw;iwr; nrhw;ngl;bapy; fz;L vOJf.
mtpOk;> kutPL> ftpOk;> kuk; tPL> tpUJ> Njhw;ghit> Njhw;git> tpUe;J

m) tpul;lhjPh;fs; - gwitf;F kuk; tPL ntl;lhjPh;fs; - kdpjUf;F mitjUk; kutPL.

M) fhiy xspapdpy; kyhpjo; mtpOk;. Nrhiyg; G+tpdpy; tz;bdk; ftpOk;.
,) tho;fi
; fapy; Njhw;git kPz;Lk; nty;Yk;.
,ijj; jj;Jtkha; Njhw;ghit $j;J nrhy;Yk;.

11
<) njUf;$j;jpy; ebfUf;Ff; ifj;jl;lNy tpUJ.
tUk; fhR Fiwe;jhYk; mJNtath; tpUe;J.
-------
2 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; (tpdhvz;:16-21)

tpilf;Nfw;w tpdh mikf;f

1. cyfj;jpNyNa xU nkhopf;fhf cyf khehL elj;jpa Kjy; ehL kNyrpah.
cyfj;jpNyNa xU nkhopf;fhf cyf khehL elj;jpa Kjy; ehL vJ?

2. jkpo;j; njd;wy; jpU.tp.f. Nghy ,ikfis %bagb vOJk; Mw;wy; nfhz;lth;

jkpo;j;jpU ,uh.,sq;Fkudhh;.
jkpo;j; njd;wy; jpU.tp.f. Nghy ,ikfis %bagb vOJk; Mw;wy; nfhz;lth;
ahh;?

3. nea;jy; epyj;jth; ghzh;fis tuNtw;Wf; Foy; kPd; fwpAk; gpwTk; nfhLj;jdh;.

nea;jy; epyj;jth; ghzh;fis tuNtw;W vd;d czT nfhLj;jdh;?

4. nrhw;nghopTfisf; Nfl;gjd; %ykhf k.ngh.rp. ,yf;fpa mwpT ngw;whh;.

nrhw;nghopTfisf; Nfl;gjd; %ykhf ,yf;fpa mwpT ngw;wth; ahh;?

5. 1906-Mk; Mz;L t.c.rpjk;gudhh; Mq;fpNyah;fSf;F vjpuhfr; RNjrpf;fg;gy;

epWtdj;ijj; njhlq;fpdhh;.
ve;j Mz;L t.c.rpjk;gudhh; Mq;fpNyah;fSf;F vjpuhfr; RNjrpf;fg;gy;
epWtdj;ijj; njhlq;fpdhh;?

6. jkpo;> njYq;F> fd;dlk; Kjypait jpuhtpl nkhopfshFk;.

jpuhtpl nkhopfs; ahit?

7. G+tpd; Njhw;w epiy mUk;G MFk;.

G+tpd; Njhw;w epiy ahJ?

8. [g;ghdpy; rhg;l;tq;fp cUthf;fpa ,ae;jpu kdpjdpd; ngah; ngg;gh;.

[g;ghdpy; rhg;l;tq;fp cUthf;fpa ,ae;jpu kdpjdpd; ngah; vd;d?

9. ehl;Lg;Gw kf;fshy; epfo;j;jg;gl;L tUk; fiyNa njUf;$j;J.

ehl;Lg;Gw kf;fshy; epfo;j;jg;gl;L tUk; fiy vJ?

10. ,sk; tajpNyNa r%f tpLjiyf;fhfg; Nghuhbath; khh;\y; V.Nerkzp Mthh.;

,sk; tajpNyNa r%f tpLjiyf;fhfg; Nghuhbath; ahh;?

,g;gFjpapy; fPo;f;fhZkhW gapw;rp mspf;fyhk;

nrhw;nghopTfisf; Nfl;gjd; %ykhf k.ngh.rp. ,yf;fpa mwpT ngw;whu;.

nrhw;nghopTfisf; Nfl;gjd; %ykhf k.ngh.rp. ,yf;fpa mwpT ngw;whuh?

G+tpd; Njhw;w epiy mUk;G MFk;.

G+tpd; Njhw;w epiy mUk;G MFkh?

12
 1906- Mk; Mz;L t.c.rpjk;gudhh; Mq;fpNyah;fSf;F vjpuhfr; RNjrpf;fg;gy;
epWtdj;ijj; njhlq;fpdhh;.
1906-Mk; Mz;L t.c.rpjk;gudhh; Mq;fpNyah;fSf;F vjpuhfr; RNjrpf;fg;gy;
epWtdj;ijj; njhlq;fpdhuh?
……
ciueil FWtpdhf;fs; (tpdh vz;:16-21)
1. xU jhw;wpy; gy rPgG; thiog;goq;fs; cs;sd.
xU rPg;gpy; gy jhW thiog;goq;fs; cs;sd.
xU rPg;gpy; gy thiog;goq;fs; cs;sd. Nkw;fz;l njhlhpy; gpiof;fhd fhuzk;
vOJf.
• xU jhw;wpy; gy rPgG
; thiog;goq;fs; cs;sd – rup
• xU rPg;gpy; gy thiog;goq;fs; cs;sd – rup
• xU rPg;gpy; gy jhW thiog;goq;fs; cs;sd – jtW. jhw;wpy;jhd; rPg;Gfs;
,Uf;Fk;.

2. G+tpd; epiyfs; ahit?

mUk;G> NghJ> kyu;> tP> nrk;ky;

3. jw;fhy ciueilapy; rpNyil mikAk; eaj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf.

• goq;fs; cz;zyhk;
• goq; ‘fs;’ cz;zf; $lhJ

4. ngw;Nwhu; NtiyapypUe;J jpUk;gj; jhkjkhFk; NghJ mOk; jk;gpf;F ePq;fs; $Wk;

MWjy; nrhw;fis vOJf.
• jk;gp mohNj! th! tpisahlyhk;
• mk;kh> mg;gh ,g;NghJ tUthu;fs;
• jpz;gz;lk; jUfpNwd; rhg;gpL

5. cyff; fhw;W tpopg;Gzu;Tf;fhd ,uz;L Kof;fj; njhlu;fis vOJf.

• capu;fspd; Rthrk; fhw;W
• kuk; eLNthk;! J}a fhw;iwg; ngWNthk;!
• fhg;Nghk;! fhg;Nghk;! ,aw;ifiaf; fhg;Nghk;!

6. jhdpak; VJk; ,y;yhj epiyapy; tpijf;fhf itj;jpUe;j jpidia cuypy;

,l;Lf; Fw;wpnaLj;J tpUe;jpdUf;F tpUe;jspj;jhs; jiytp – vd;gJ ,yf;fpar;
nra;jp. tpUe;Njhk;gYf;F nry;tk; kl;LNk ,d;wpahikahj xd;wh? cq;fs;
fUj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
o ,y;iy
o M) tuNtw;f ey;y kdk; Ntz;Lk;.

7. tUq;fhyj;jpy; Njitnadf; fUJfpd;w nraw;if Ez;zwpT nghjpe;j ,uz;L

mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
• nraw;if Ez;zwpT jpwd;Ngrp
• ,ae;jpu kdpjd;

13
8. ,yh vDk; nkd;nghUs; Fwpj;J vOJf.
• ,yh vd;gJ ghuj tq;fpapy; gad;gLk; nkd;nghUs;
• ,J xU tpdhbf;F gj;jhapuk; thbf;ifahsUld; ciuahLk;.

9. ngg;gu; - Fwpg;G tiuf.

• [g;ghdpy; rhg;l; tq;fp cUthf;fpa ,ae;jpu kdpjd; ngg;gu;
• tPL> tzpfk;> gbg;G vd %d;W tif cs;sd.

10. jha;nkhopAk; Mq;fpyKk; jtpu ePq;fs; fw;f tpUk;Gk; nkhopapidf; Fwpg;gpl;Lf;

fhuzk; vOJf.
• fw;f tpUk;Gk; nkhop ,e;jp – kj;jpa muRg; gzp

11. tWikapYk; gbg;gpd; kPJ ehl;lk; nfhz;ltu; k.ngh.rp. vd;gjw;Fr; rhd;W jUf.
• gioa Gj;jff; filf;Fr; nrd;W Fiwe;j tpiyapy; Gj;jfq;fs; thq;Fthu;
• czTf;fhd gzj;jpy; Gj;jfq;fs; thq;fptpl;Lg; gl;bdpahf ,Ug;ghu;.

12. mitak; - Fwpg;G tiuf.

• murdpd; mwnewp Ml;rpf;Fj; Jiz
• kJiuapy; ,Ue;j mitak; Jyhf;Nfhy; Nghy eLepiy kpf;fJ.

nra;As; FWtpdhf;fs; (tpdh vz;. 16-21)

1. kd;Dk; rpyk;Ng! kzpNk fiytbNt!
Kd;Dk; epidthy; Kbjho tho;j;JtNk! - ,t;tbfspy; Ik;ngUk; fhg;gpq;fspy;
,lk; ngw;Ws;s fhg;gpaq;fisj; jtpu vQ;rpAs;s fhg;gpaq;fspd; ngau;fis
vOJf.
rPtf rpe;jhkzp> tisahgjp> Fz;lyNfrp

2. ngUQ;rpj;jpudhu; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; ahit?

gs;spg;gwitfs;> cyfpay; E}W> E}whrpupak;> fdpr;rhW

3. ,ul;Lw nkhopjy; vd;why; vd;d? mjd; NtW ngau; vd;d?

• ,U nghUs;gl tUtJ ,ul;Lw nkhopjy; vdg;gLk;.
• mjd; NtW ngau; rpNyil

4. %d;W tifahd rq;Ffis vOJf. ntz;rq;F> ryQ;ryk;> ghQ;rrd;ak;

5. trd ftpij – Fwpg;G tiuf

• trdKk; ftpijAk; ,izj;J vOJg;gLtJ
• ghujpahu; mwpKfk; nra;jhu;
• ,yf;fz tpjpfs; ,y;iy

6. khmy; - nghUSk; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;Gk; jUf.

• khmy; jpUkhy;
• nra;Aspir msngil

14
7. tpUe;jpdiu kfpo;tpj;Jf; $Wk; Kfkd; nrhw;fis vOJf.
• tUf! tUf!
• mkUq;fs;! ePu; gUFq;fs;!
• cq;fs; tUif! vq;fs; kfpo;r;rp!

8. ‘,wbg; nghk;ky; ngWFtPu;’? - ,j;njhlu; czu;j;Jk; nghUis vOJf.

• jpidr;Nrhw;iw czthfg; ngWtPu;fs; vd;gjhFk;.

9. ‘er;Rg; glhjtd;’ nry;tk; - ,j;njhlupy; tz;zkpl;l nrhy;Yf;Fg; nghUs; jUf.

er;rg;glhjtd; - gpwuhy; tpUk;gg;glhjtu;

10. kUj;Jtj;jpy; kUe;Jld; md;Gk; ek;gpf;ifAk; Mw;Wk; ghq;fpid vOJf?

• Gz;izf; fj;jpahy; mWj;jhYk; Nehahsp kUj;Jtiu Nerpf;fpwhu;.
ek;Gfpwhu;
• md;Gk; ek;gpf;ifAk; Nehiaf; Fzg;gLj;Jk;.

11. capu;fs; cUthfp tsu Vw;w #oy; G+kpapy; vit vitnadg; gupghly; top
mwpe;jtw;iw Fwpg;gpLf?
• epyk;> ePu;> fhw;W> Mfhak;> neUg;G

12. nra;Fjk;gp ghtyupd; fy;tp gw;wpa fUj;jpid Kof;fj; njhlu;fshf;Ff.

• mUisg; ngUf;F! mwpitr; rPuhf;F!
• kaf;fk; mfw;W! fy;tpiag; Nghw;W!

13. rjhtjhdk; vd;why; vd;d?

• rjk; : E}W
• xNu Neuj;jpy; E}W nray;fis epidtpy; nfhz;L tpilaspj;jy;

14. fope;j ngUk; Nfs;tpapdhd; ahu;? fhjy;kpF Nfz;ikapdhd; ahu;?

• FNry ghz;bad;
• Gytu; ,ilf;fhldhu;

15. cwq;Ffpd;w Fk;gfd;d vOe;jpuha; vOe;jpuha;

fhyJ}ju; ifapNy cwq;Ftha; cwq;Ftha; - Fk;g fz;zid vd;d nrhy;yp
vOg;Gfpwhu;fs;? vq;F mtid cwq;fr; nrhy;fpwhu;fs;?
• cq;fspd; ngha;ahd tho;T Kbe;J tpl;lJ. mjidf; fhz vO
• vk J}ju; ifapNy cwq;Ftha;.

16. fug;gpLk;ig ,y;yhu; - ,j;njhlupd; nghUs; $Wf.

jk;nghUis kiwj;J itf;Fk; Jd;gk; juhj ey;ytu;.

17. tWikapd; fhuzkhf cjtp Nfl;L tUgtupd; jd;khdj;ij vs;sp eifahLtJ

Fwpj;Jf; Fwspd; fUj;J vd;d?
• ,fo;e;J Vsdk; nra;ahky; nghUs; nfhLg;gJ rpwg;G.
• mtiuf; fz;lhy; cs;sk; kfpOk;.

18. rhe;jkhdnjhU gpugQ;rj;ijr; Rkf;fpd;w xy;ypj; jz;Lfs; - ,f;ftpij mbfs;

czu;j;Jk; cs;soif tpsf;Ff.
• xy;ypahd jz;L kyiuj; jhq;FfpwJ.
• nkd;ikahd md;Ng cyiff; fhf;fpwJ.

15
19. ghrtu;> thrtu;> gy;epz tpiyQu;> ckzu; - rpyg;gjpfhuk; fhl;Lk; ,t;tzpfu;fs;
ahtu;?
• ghrtu; - ntw;wpiy tpw;gtu;
• thrtu; - eWkzg; nghUs; tpw;gtu;
• gy;epz tpiyQu; - gy;tif ,iwr;rp tpw;gtu;
• ckzu; - cg;G tpw;gtu;

20. nka;ff
; Pu;j;jp ghlg;gLtjd; Nehf;fk; ahJ?
• nka;f;fPu;j;jp – cz;ikahd Gfo;
• muru;fs; jq;fs; tuyhW> ngUik fhyk; fle;J epiyf;f fy;ypy; nrJf;fpdu;

21. fhyf; fOij fl;nlWk;ghdJk; ftpQu; nra;tJ ahJ?

• thspj; jz;zPu;> fe;ijj; Jzp nfhz;L rd;diyj; J}a;ik nra;fpwhu;
• tz;zk; G+Rfpwhu;
• mwg;gzpfisj; njhlu;e;J nra;fpwhu;

22. tho;tpy; jiyf;fdk;> jiyfdNk tho;T vd;W eh$u; &kp ahUila tho;itf;
$Wfpwhu;?
• tho;tpy; jiyf;fdk; : Mztk; nfhz;L jiyf;fdk; gpbj;J tho;fpd;wdu;
• jiyf;fdNk tho;T : mLj;j Ntis czTf;fhfj; jiyapy; ghuk; Rkf;Fk;
rpj;jhS

23. ‘fha;kzp ahF Kd;du;f; fha;en; jdf; fha;e;Njd;’ – ctik czu;j;Jk; fUj;J
ahJ?
• ,sk;gapu; tsu;e;J ney;kzpahFk; Kd; kio ,y;yhky; fha;e;jJ.
• fUizad; jhia ,oe;J thLfpwhd;.

24. nfhs;Nthu; nfhs;f Fiug;Nghu; Fiuf;f

cs;tha; thu;j;ij clk;G njhlhJ – mb vJifia vLj;njOJf.
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;ngOJf.
• mbvJif : nfhs;Nthu; - cs;tha;
• ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G : nfhs;f> Fiuf;f – tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W

,yf;fz tpdhf;fs; (tpdh vz;. 22-28)

1. ‘Ntq;if’ vd;gijj; njhlu;nkhopahfTk; nghJnkhopahfTk; NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lf.
• njhlu;nkhop - Ntk; + if = Ntfpd;w if
• nghJnkhop - Ntq;if + kuk; = Ntfpd;w if

2. cLg;gJ}ck; cz;gJ}ck; fhzpd; gpwu; Nky; tLf;fhz; tw;whFk; fPo;’ ,f;Fwspy;

mike;Js;s msngilapd; tifiar; Rl;b mjd; ,yf;fzk; jUf.
• ,d;dpir msngil
• ,dpa Xirf;fhf msngLg;gJ ,d;dpir msngilahFk;.

3. %tif nkhopfs; ahit?

• jdpnkhop> njhlu;nkhop> nghJnkhop

4. jz;zPu; Fb> japu;f;Flk; Mfpa njhifepiyj; njhlu;fis> tpupj;J vOJf.

• jz;zPu; Fb - jz;zPiuf; Fb – jhfj;jpw;Fj; jz;zuP ; Fbj;Njd;
• japu;f;Flk; - japiuAila Flk; - japu;f;Flk; Rke;j jha;

16
5. njhifepiyj; njhlu; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit?
• MW tifg;gLk;
• Ntw;Wik> tpid> gz;G> ctik> ck;ik> md;nkhopj; njhif

6. ‘vOJ vd;whs;’ vd;gJ tpiuT fhuzkhf ‘vOJ vOJ vd;whs;’ vd mLf;Fj;

njhluhdJ. ‘rpupj;Jg; Ngrpdhu;’ vd;gJ vt;thW mLf;Fj; njhluhFk;?
• rpupj;Jr; rpupj;Jg; Ngrpdhu;; - kfpo;r;rp fhuzkhf mLf;Fj; njhluhFk;.

7. ghujpahu; ftpQu; E}yfk; nrd;whu;> mtu; ahu;? Mfpa njhlu;fspy; vOthAld; njhlUk;
gadpiyfs; ahit?
• ghujpahu; ftpQu; - ngau;g; gadpiy
• E}yfk; nrd;whu; - tpidg; gadpiy
• mtu; ahu;? - tpdhg; gadpiy

8. tUfpd;w Nfhil tpLKiwapy; fhw;whiy kpd; cw;gj;jpia Neupy; fhz

Muy;tha;nkhopf;Fr; nry;fpNwd; - ,j;njhlu; fhy tOtikjp MdJ vt;thW?
• Muy;tha;nkhopf;Fr; nry;Ntd; vd tu Ntz;Lk;
• cWjpahdjhy; fhy tOtikjp MdJ

9. ‘rPru; vg;NghJk; vd; nrhy; Ngr;irf; Nfl;ghd;. Gjpatu;fisg; ghu;j;Jf; fj;JthNd jtpu
fbf;f khl;lhd;’ vd;W ,skhwd; jd;Dila tsu;g;G ehiag; gw;wpg; ngUikahff;
$wpdhu;. ,jpy; cs;s jpiz tOf;fisj; jpUj;jp vOJf.
• Nfl;ghd; - Nfl;Fk;
• fj;JthNd – fj;JNk
• fbf;f khl;lhd; - fbf;fhJ

10. tpdh vj;jif tifg;gLk;? mit ahit?

tpdh MW tifg;gLk;. 1. mwptpdh 2. mwpahtpdh 3. Iatpdh
4. nfhsy;tpdh 5. nfhiltpdh 6. Vty;tpdh

11. kpd;tpsf;fpd; nrhLf;fp ve;jg; gf;fk; ,Uf;fpwJ? mwpah tpdh

kpd;rhuk; ,Uf;fpwjh? ,y;iyah? Ia tpdh

12. tpil vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit?

• tpil vl;L tifg;gLk;.
1. Rl;L 2. kiw 3.Neu; 4.Vty;> 5.tpdh vjpu;tpdhjy;
6. cw;wJ ciuj;jy; 7. cWtJ $wy; 8. ,dnkhop

13. nfhz;L$l;Lg; nghUs;Nfhs; vd;why; vd;d?

• nra;Aspy; gymbfspy; cs;s nrhw;fisf; $l;bg; nghUs; nfhs;tJ.

14. fhl;by; tpise;j tufpy; rikj;j czT kiof;fhy khiyapy; cz;zr; Rit..
,j;njhlupy; mike;Js;s Kjw;nghUs;> fUg;nghUs;fis tifg;gLj;Jf.
• Kjw;nghUs; : epyk; - fhL – Ky;iy
ngUk;nghOJ – kiof;fhyk; rpWnghOJ – khiy
• fUg;nghUs; : czT – tuF

15. fPo;tUk; njhlu;fspy; nghUe;jhj fUg;nghUisj; jpUj;jp vOJf.

cotu;fs; kiyapy; cOjdu;
Ky;iyr; nrbiag; ghu;j;jthNw gujtu; flYf;Fr; nrd;wdu;
• Fwtu;fs; kiyapy; cOjdu;
• nea;jy; G+r;nrbiag; ghu;j;jthNw gujtu; flYf;Fr; nrd;wdu;.

17
16. Ky;iy epyj;jpYk; kUj epyj;jpYk; fpilf;Fk; czTg; nghUs;fs; ahit?
• Ky;iy epyk; - tuF> rhik
• kUj epyk; - nre;ney;> ntz;nzy;

17. Gwj;jpizfspy; vjpnujpu;j; jpizfis ml;ltizg;gLj;Jf.

• ntl;rp – fue;ij tQ;rp – fhQ;rp copiQ – nehr;rp

18. Fws;ntz;ghtpd; ,yf;fzj;ij vOjp vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf.

• ,uz;L mbfs; ngw;W tUk;
• Kjyb ehd;F rPu; ,uz;lhk; mb %d;W rPu; ngw;W tUk;
v.fh. Kaw;rp jpUtpid Mf;Fk; Kaw;wpd;ik
,d;ik GFj;jp tpLk;.

19. jPtf mzpapd; tiffs; ahit?

• jPtf mzp 3 tifg;gLk;.
• Kjy;epiyj; jPtfk;> ,ilepiyj; jPtfk;> filepiyj; jPtfk;

20. ghtiffspd; Xirfis vOJf.

• ntz;gh – nrg;gNyhir fypg;gh – Js;sy; Xir
• Mrpupag;gh – mftNyhir tQ;rpg;gh – J}q;fy; Xir

21. mku;e;jhd; - gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf.

mku; + j;(e;) + j; + Md;
mku; - gFjp
j; - re;jp> e; MdJ tpfhuk;
j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
Md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

nkhopg;gapw;rpfs; (tpdh vz;. 22-28)

tpidKw;iw tpidahyizAk; ngauhf khw;wpj; njhlu;fis ,izj;J vOJf.

1. fiyauq;fj;jpy; vdf;fhff; fhj;jpUf;fpwhu;. mtiu mioj;J thUq;fs;
fiyauq;fj;jpy; vdf;fhff; fhj;jpUg;gtiu mioj;J thUq;fs;.

2. Cl;lkpF czT cz;lhu;. mtu; ePz;l tho;ehs; ngw;whu;

Cl;lkpF czT cz;ltu; ePz;l tho;ehs; ngw;whu;.

3. New;W vd;idr; re;jpj;jhu;. mtu; vd; ez;gu;

New;W vd;idr; re;jpj;jtu; vd; ez;gu;

4. nghJ mwpT E}y;fisj; Njbg;gbj;jhu;. mtu; Nghl;bj; Nju;tpy; ntd;whu;.

nghJ mwpT E}y;fisj; Njbg;gbj;jtu; Nghl;bj; Nju;tpy; ntd;whu;.

fPo;f;fhZk; nrhw;fspd; $l;lg; ngau;fisf; fz;Lgpbj;J vOJf.

(Ftpay;> Fiy> ke;ij> fl;L)

nrhy; $l;lg; ngau; nrhy; $l;lg; ngau;

fy; fw;Ftpay; Gy; Gw;fl;L
gok; gof;Fiy ML Ml;Lke;ij

18
 re;jf; ftpijapy; te;j gpiofisj; jpUj;Jf.
‘NjzpNy Cupa nre;jkpopd; - Rit
NjUk; rpyg;gjp fhwkij
CdpNy vk;Kapu; cy;yyTk; - epjk;
Xjp Adu;e;jpd; GUNthNk’
➢ ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafdhu;
jpUj;jk;
‘NjdpNy Cwpa nre;jkpopd; - Rit
NjUk; rpyg;gjp fhukij
CdpNy vk;Kapu; cs;ssTk; - epjk;
Xup Azu;e;jpd; GWNthNk’
➢ ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafdhu;

njhlupy; cs;s vOthiar; nrOik nra;f.

1. kuj;ij tsu;g;gJ ed;ik gaf;Fk;.
epoy; jUk; kuj;ij tsu;g;gJ ed;ik gaf;Fk;

2. tho;f;ifg; gazNk NtWgl;l ghlq;fisf; fw;Wj; jUfpwJ.

,d;gKk; Jd;gKk; epiwe;j tho;fi; fg;gazNk NtWgl;l ghlq;fisf; fw;Wj;
jUk;.

3. fy;tpNa xUtUf;F cau;T jUk;.

njhopy;El;gf; fy;tpNa xUtu;fF
; cau;T jUk;.

4. Foe;ijfs; jdpj;jdpNa vOjpj; juNtz;Lk;.

gilg;ghw;wy; kpf;f Foe;ijfs; jdpj;jdpNa vOjpj;juNtz;Lk;.

,U nrhw;fisAk; xNu njhlupy; mikj;J vOJjy;

1. rpiy – rpiy : rpiyiaj; jpiur; rPiyahy; kiwj;jhd;.
2. njhL – NjhL : njhL vd;gjw;Fg; gjpy; NjhL vd;W vOjpdhd;
3. kL – khL : kLtpy; khL ePu; mUe;jpaJ
4. kiy – khiy : kiyf;F khiyapy; nrd;whs;
5. tsp – thsp : tspia thspapy; gpbf;f KbahJ
6. tpL – tPL : tpL vdf; $wp tPL Nehf;fpr; nrd;whs;
7. ,aw;if - nraw;if : ,aw;ifiar; nraw;ifahy; nty;y KbahJ
8. nfhL – NfhL : NfhL Nghl msTNfhy; nfhL
9. nfhs; - Nfhs; : njupe;J nfhs; G+kpAk; xU Nfhs;
10. rpW – rPW : rpW ghk;Gk; rPWk;
11. jhd; - jhk; : jhd; vd;W vz;zhky; jhk; vd;W vz;z Ntz;Lk;
12. tpjp – tPjp : tpjp vd;W tho;it ek;Gtd; tPjpf;F te;JtpLthd;

gonkhopfis epiwT nra;jy;

1. cg;gpy;yhg; gz;lk; Fg;igapNy
2. xU ghid Nrhw;Wf;F xU NrhW gjk;
3. cg;gpl;ltiu cs;ssTk; epid
4. tpUe;Jk; kUe;Jk; %d;Nw ehs;
5. msTf;F kpQ;rpdhy; mkpu;jKk; eQ;R

19
 njhifr; nrhw;fis tpupj;J vOJf.
1. ,Utpid - ey;tpid> jPtpid – jd;tpid> gpwtpid
2. ,Ujpiz - cau;jpiz> m/wpiz – mfj;jpiz> Gwj;jpiz
3. Kj;jkpo; - ,ay;jkpo;> ,irj;jkpo;> ehlfj;jkpo;
4. Kg;ghy; - mwj;Jg;ghy;> nghUl;ghy;> ,d;gj;Jg;ghy;
5. %tplk; - jd;ik> Kd;dpiy> glu;f;if
6. Kf;fdp - kh> gyh> thio
7. %Nte;ju; - Nruu;> Nrhou;> ghz;bau;
8. Kg;gil - jiug;gil> fg;gy;gil> tpkhdg;gil
9. ehw;wpir - fpof;F> Nkw;F> tlf;F> njw;F
10. ehdpyk; - FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;
11. ehw;gil - Nju;gg; il> ahidg;gil> Fjpiug;gil> fhyhl;gil
12. ehw;nghUs; - mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPL
13. Ik;nghwp - nka;> tha;> %f;F> fz;> nrtp
14. Ie;jpiz - FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy
15. Ik;ghy; - Mz;ghy;> ngz;ghy;> gyu;ghy;> xd;wd;ghy;> gytpd;ghy;

vz;Zg; ngau;fisf; fz;L jkpo; vz;fspy; vOJf.

vz;Zg; jkpo;
nra;As; mbfs;
ngau;fs; vz;fs;
ehw;wpirAk; nry;yhj ehby;iy ehd;F ௪
vWk;Ge;jd; ifahy; vz; rhz; vl;L அ
Ie;J rhy;G Cd;wpa J}z; Ie;J U
ehYk; ,uz;Lk; nrhy;Yf;F cWjp ehd;F> ,uz;L ௪ > உ
Mid Mapuk; mkupil ntd;w khztDf;F
Mapuk; க000
tFg;gJ guzp
gj;jhk; tFg;Gg; nghJj; Nju;tpy; ePtpu; ngw
ehD}W ௪00
tpUk;Gk; kjpg;ngz;

ciueil rpWtpdhf;fs; (tpdh vz;. 29-31)

1. Gspaq;fd;W Mokhf elg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,JNghy; ,sk; gaph;tif Ie;jpd;

ngah;fisj; njhlhpy; mikf;f.
ney; ehw;W el;Nld;. thiof;fd;W el;Nld;.
njd;dk;gps;is el;Nld;. tpshf;Fl;b el;Nld;.
gid tlyp el;Nld;.

2. capuhf ehd;> gy ngah;fspy; ehd;…. Kjypa jiyg;Gfspy; fhw;W

jd;idg;gw;wpg; NgRfpwJ. ,t;thW ePh; jd;idg; gw;wpg; Ngrpdhy; … cq;fSila
fw;gidapy; vOJf.
kioahf ehd; gapuhf ehd;
capuhf ehd; czthf ehd;
flyhf ehd;

20
3. Nrhiyf; fhw;Wk; kpd;tprpwpf; fhw;Wk; Ngrpf;nfhs;tJ Nghy; Xh; ciuahly;
mikf;f.
Nrhiyf;fhw;W : tzf;fk; ez;gh!
kpd;tprpwpf; fhw;W : tzf;fk; Njhoh!
Nrhiyf;fhw;W : ehd; ,y;iy vd;why; eP ,y;iy.
kpd;tprpwpf;fhw;W : kpd;rhuk; ,y;iy vd;why; ehd; ,y;iy.
Nrhiyf;fhw;W : eP ,d;wp kf;fs; J}q;FtJ ,y;iy.
kpd;tprpwpf;fhw;W : kf;fs; cd;idNa tpUk;Gfpwhh;fs;. ,aw;ifNa rpwg;G.

4. Gjpajhf tUNthh; ,utpy; jq;Ftjw;F tPl;bd; Kd;Gwk; jpz;izAk; mjpy;

jiyitf;fj; jpz;Lk; mikj;jdh;. ,g;gbahff; fhykhw;wk; jkpoh; tpUe;Njhk;gypy;
Vw;gLj;jpa khw;wq;fs; Fwpj;j fUj;Jf;fis vOJf.
,d;W tPl;bw;Fj; jpz;iz ,y;iy.
mwpKfk; ,y;yhj Gjpath;fs; tUtjpy;iy.
cwtpdh;fNs tpUe;jpdh;fs;.
tPl;by; eilngw;w tpohf;fs; kz;lgj;jpy; elf;fpd;wd.

5. ciug;gj;jpiag; gbj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpil jUf.

rpw;W}h; kf;fspd; tho;tpay; epfo;Tfspy; gphpj;Jg; ghh;ff; ,ayhf; $Wfshfj;
jpfo;git epfo;fiyfs;. ,it kf;fSf;F kfpo;r;rpnaDk; fdp nfhLj;Jf; ftiyiag;
Nghf;Ffpd;wd. rKjha epfo;Tfspd; Mtzq;fshfTk; nra;jpfisj; jUk;
Clfq;fshfTk; jpfo;fpd;wd. kf;fspd; fiy> mofpay;> GJik Mfpatw;wpd;
vr;rq;fis mwptjw;Fj; jw;fhyj;jpy; epfo;j;jg;gLk; fiyfs; Jiznra;fpd;wd.
m) goe;jkpo; kf;fspd; ve;nje;j vr;rq;fis mwptjw;F epfo;fiyfs; Jiz
nra;fpd;wd?
fiy> mofpay;> GJik Mfpatw;wpd; vr;rq;fis mwptjw;Fj; jw;fhyj;jpy;
epfo;j;jg;gLk;
fiyfs; Jiznra;fpd;wd.
M) epfo;fiyfspd; gad;fs; ,uz;bidf; $Wf.
kf;fSf;F kfpo;r;rpnaDk; fdp nfhLj;Jf; ftiyiag; Nghf;Ffpd;wd. rKjha
epfo;Tfspd; Mtzq;fshfTk; nra;jpfisj; jUk; Clfq;fshfTk; jpfo;fpd;wd.
,) epfo;fiyfs; vg;gFjp kf;fspd; tho;tpay; $Wfspy; xd;whfj; jpfo;fpd;wd.
rpw;W}h; kf;fspd; tho;tpay; $Wfspy; xd;whfj; jpfo;fpd;wd.

6. glq;fs; ntspg;gLj;Jk; epfo;j;Jf;fiy Fwpj;J ,uz;L tpdhf;fisAk;

mtw;Wf;fhd tpilfisAk; vOJf
m) fufhl;lk; vd;why; vd;d?
fufk; vd;gJ nrk;igNah Flj;ijNah jiyapy;
itj;Jj; jhsj;jpw;F Vw;g MLjy;.
M) fhypy; ryq;if mzpe;J MLk; epfo;fiy
VNjDk; ,uz;L $Wf.

xapyhl;lk;> Njtuhl;lk;.

21
7. ,d;iwa mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; kdpjid Nkk;gLj;Jfpd;wdth vd;gd Fwpj;j
rpe;jidfis Kd;itj;J vOJf.
mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; kdpjid Nkk;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
fzpdpahy; ciog;G vspjhfpwJ. Ntiy vspjhfpwJ.
Mf;f topfspy; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

8. ‘jiyiaf; nfhLj;NjDk; jiyefiuf; fhg;Nghk;’ - ,lk; Rl;bg; nghUs; tpsf;Ff.

,lk; : rpw;wfy; xsp - k.ngh.rp. $wpaJ.
nghUs; : capiuf; nfhLj;NjDk; nrd;idiaf; fhg;Nghk;.
tpsf;fk; : khepyk; gphpf;Fk;NghJ nrd;idia Me;jpuhTld; Nrh;f;f Kaw;rp
ele;jJ.
nrd;id khefuhl;rp rpwg;Gf; $l;lj;jpy; k.ngh.rptQhdk; mth;fs;
‘jiyiaf; nfhLj;NjDk; jiyefiuf; fhg;Nghk;’ vd;W Koq;fpdhh;.

9. rq;f ,yf;fpak; fhl;Lk; mwq;fs; ,d;iwf;Fk; NjitahditNa vd;gjw;Fr; rpy

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf.
tzpf mwk; - tzpfj;jpy; mwk; Ntz;Lk;.
mwj;jpy; tzpfk; ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.
Nghh; mwk; - md;W Nghh; newpfisg; gpd;gw;wpdh;.
,d;W rhjp> kjg; Nghh;fs; mwk; ,d;wp elf;fpd;wd.
murpay; mwk; - md;W kf;fs; eyDf;fhf Ml;rp ele;jJ.
,d;W murpaypy; mwk; ,y;iy.

nra;As; rpWtpdhf;fs; (tpdh vz; : 32 - 34)

1. jkpod;idia tho;j;Jtjw;fhd fhuzq;fshfg; ghtyNuW Rl;Ltd ahit?
• md;id nkhop. mofhh;ej ; nre;jkpo;.
• ,sik – goik – GJik.
• kz;Zyfg; NguuR.
• ghz;ba kd;dd; kfs;.
• jpUf;Fws;> gj;Jg;ghl;L> vl;Lj;njhif
• Ik;ngUk; fhg;gpaq;fs; vdj; jkpod;idia tho;j;Jfpwhh;.

2. jkpoofdhh; jkpioAk; fliyAk; ,ul;Lw nkhopAk; ghq;fpid tpsf;Ff?

jkpo; fly;
Kj;jkpo; - ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; Kj;jpid mkpo;e;J vLj;jy;
Kr;rq;fk; - Kjy;> ,il> fil %d;W tifahd rq;Ffs;
Ik;ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fs; tzpff; fg;gy;fs;
rq;fg;Gyth;fs; fhj;jik rq;fpidf; fhj;jy;
3. kio epd;wTld; Gyg;gLk; fhl;rpia tUzpj;J vOJf.
• G+kpnaq;Fk;; Fspu; fhw;W tPrpaJ.
• ,iyfspy; ePu; nrhl;baJ
• ePupy; Foe;ijfs; fhfpjf; fg;gy; tpl;ldu;
• Njq;fpa Fl;ilapy; rpWth;fs; tpisahLfpwhh;fs;.

22
4. $j;jidf; $j;jd; Mw;Wg;gLj;Jjiyf; $j;juhw;Wg;gil vt;thW fhl;LfpwJ?
• ghpR ngwf; $j;jd; topfhl;LtJ $j;juhw;Wg;gil.
• gfypy; ,isg;ghwp ,utpy; jq;fpr; nry;Yq;fs;.
• mNrhf kuq;fs; cs;s topapy; nry;Yq;fs;.
• ed;ddpd; $j;jd; vd;W nrhy;Yq;fs;.
• tPl;bw;Fs; chpikahfr; nry;Yq;fs; - cwtpdh; Nghy goFth;.
• nea;apy; nte;j khkprg;; nghhpaYk; jpidr;NrhWk; czthff; fpilf;Fk;.

5. khshj fhjy; Nehahsd; Nghy; vd;Dk; njhlhpYs;s ctik Rl;Lk; nra;jpia

tpsf;Ff
ctik : kUj;Jth; Gz;izf; fj;jpahy; mWj;Jr; Rl;lhYk; ed;ikf;Nf vd;W
Nehahsp mtiu Nerpg;ghh;.
nra;jp : md;id Nghd;w ,iwtd; Jd;gk; je;jhYk; mtd; mUis vjph;ghh;j;J
tho;fpNwd; vd;fpwhh; FyNrfuho;thh;.

6. cq;fSld; gapYk; khzth; xUth; gs;spg;gbg;igg; ghjpapy; epWj;jp Ntiyf;Fr;

nry;y tpUk;Gfpwhh;. mthplk; fw;gjd; ,d;wpaikahikia vt;thW
vLj;Jiug;gPh;fs;?
• ,sikg; gUtk; fy;tpf;FhpaJ. fy;tpNa rpwe;j nry;tk;.
• mg;Jy; fyhk; fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; Ntiyf;Fr; nrd;whh;.
• ,ilg;gl;l Neuj;jpy; fy;tp fw;whh;. ePAk; gbj;Jf; nfhz;Nl Ntiy nra;.
• fy;tp fw;why;jhd; ey;y NtiyAk; tUkhdKk; fpilf;Fk;.

7. kd;dh; ,ilf;fhldhh; vd;w GytUf;Fr; rpwg;G nra;jJ Vd;? tpsf;fk; jUf.

• Gyth; ,ilf;fhldhh; ghz;bad; kPJ ftpij ghbdhh;.
• kd;dd; ,ilf;fhldhhpd; ghliy mtkjpj;jhd;.
• ,ilf;fhldhh; ,iwtdplk; Kiwapl;lhh;.
• ,iwtd;> flk;gtdf; Nfhapiytpl;L ePq;fpdhh;.
• ,iwtd; mUisg; ngw kd;dd; GytUf;Fr; rpwg;;G nra;jhd;.

8. itj;jpaehjGhp KUfd; Foe;ijahf mzpe;jpUf;Fk; mzpfyd;fSld; nrq;fPiu

Mba eaj;ij tpsf;Ff.
• fhy;fspy; fpz;fpzpr; rpyk;Gfs; Mbd.
• ,ilapy; miuQhz; kzp miutlk; Mbd.
• new;wpr;Rl;bAk; Fz;lyKk; Mbd.
• cr;rpf; nfhz;ilapy; Kj;Jfs; Mbd vd;W eak;glf; $Wfpwhh;.

9. ts;Stk; rpwe;j mikr;rUf;Ff; $wpa ,yf;fzq;fs; ekf;Fg; nghUe;Jtijf;

Fws;top tpsf;Ff.
• rpwe;j mikr;rUf;Ff; fUtp> fhyk;> typik> tplhKaw;rp Ntz;Lk;.
• ,tw;iwg; ngw;why; tho;tpy; ntw;wp ngwyhk;.
• E}ywpNthL cyfpay; mwpTk; mikr;rh;fSf;F Ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;whh; ts;Sth;.
• ehKk; ,it ,uz;ilAk; ngw;why;jhd; rpwg;ghf thoKbAk;.

23
10. Kjy;kio tpOe;jJk; vd;dnty;yhk; epfo;tjhff; F.g.uh. ftpghLfpwhh;?
• Nky; kz; gjkhdJ.
• coth;fs; nghd; Vh; njhOjdh;.
• khl;ilg; G+l;bf; fhl;il cOjdh;.
• kz; Guz;lJ. epyk; nropj;jJ.

11. thspj;jz;zPh;> rhaf;Ftis> fe;ijj;Jzp> fl;ilj;J}hpif - ,r;nrhw;fisj;

njhlh;GgLj;jp xU gj;jp mikf;f.
• ftpQh; thspj; jz;zPuhy; rd;diyf; fOtpdhh;.
• fe;ijj; Jzpahy; Jilj;jhh;.
• rhaf;FtisAk; fl;ilj;J}hpifAk; nfhz;L tz;zk; mbj;jhh;.
• mwg;gzpfisj; njhlh;e;J nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

12. rpj;jhspd; kdr;Rikfs; nrq;fw;fs; mwpahJ - ,lk; Rl;bg; nghUs; jUf.

,lk; : eh$h; &kp vOjpa ‘rpj;jhS’ ftpij.
nghUs; : njhopyhsh; kdr; Rikiar; nrq;fw;fs; mwpahJ.
tpsf;fk; : kdr;Rikiaj; jiyr;Rik mwptjpy;iy
cyfpy; gpwh; Jd;gk; gw;wp kdpjh;fs; mwptjpy;iy.

13. vitnay;yhk; mwpNad; vd;W fUizad; $Wfpd;whh;?

• caph; gpiof;Fk; top mwpNad;.
• clypd; jd;ik mwpNad;.
• czT NjLk; top mwpNad;.
• fhl;by; nry;Yk; top mwpNad; vd;W fUizad; $Wfpd;whh;.

jkpo; - kdg;ghlk; (tpdh vz;. 34)

1. md;id nkhop
md;id nkhopNa! mofhh;e;j nre;jkpNo!
Kd;idf;Fk; Kd;id Kfpo;j;j eWq;fdpNa!
fd;dpf; Fkhpf; fly; nfhz;l ehl;bilapy;
kd;dp murpUe;j kz;Zyfg; NguuNr!

njd;dd; kfNs! jpUf;Fwspd; khz;GfNo!

,d;dWk; ghg;gj;Nj! vz;njhifNa ew;fzf;Nf!
kd;DQ; rpyk;Ng! kzpNk fiytbNt!
Kd;Dk; epidthy; Kbjho tho;j;JtNk!
- ngUQ;rpj;jpudhh;.

2. Ky;iyg;ghl;L
rpWjhk;G njhLj;j griyf; fd;wpd;
cWJaH mykuy; Nehf;fp Ma;kfs;
eLq;F Rty; mirj;j ifas;> “ifa
nfhLq;Nfhw; NfhtyH gpd;epd;W ca;j;ju
,d;Nd tUFtH jhah;” vd;Nghs;
ed;dH ed;nkhop Nfl;ldk;.
- eg;G+jdhH
3. fhrpf;fz;lk;
tpUe;jpddhf xUtd; te;J vjphpd;
tpaj;jy; ed;nkhop ,dpJ ciuj;jy;
jpUe;Jw Nehf;fy; tUf vd ciuj;jy;
vOjy; Kd; kfpo;td nrg;gy;
nghUe;J kw;Wmtd; jd;mUFw ,Uj;jy;
Nghnkdpy; gpd; nry;tjhjy;
ghpe;Jed; Kfkd; toq;fy; ,t;nthd;ghd;
xOf;fKk; topgLk; gz;Ng.
- mjptPuuhkghz;baH

24
 4. ngUkhs; jpUnkhop
thshy; mWj;Jr; RbDk; kUj;Jtd; ghy;
khshj fhjy; Nehahsd; Nghy; khaj;jhy;
kPshj; JaHjhpDk; tpj;Jtf; Nfhl;lk;kh! eP
Msh cdjUNs ghh;g;gd; mbNaNd. - FyNrfu Mo;thH

5. ePjp ntz;gh
mUisg; ngUf;fp mwpitj; jpUj;jp
kUis mfw;wp kjpf;Fk; njUis
mUj;JtJk; Mtpf;F mUe;Jizaha; ,d;gk;
nghUj;JtJk; fy;tp nad;Nw Nghw;W. - nra;Fjk;gpg; ghtyH
;
6. jpUtpisahlw;Guhzk;
Gz;zpag; GytPh; ahd;,g;Ngho;J ,ilf; fhldhh;fF
; g;
gz;zpa Fw;wk; vy;yhk; nghWf;f vdg; gutpj; jho;e;jhd;
Ez;zpa Nfs;tpNahUk; kd;deP Etd;w nrhy;yhk;
jz;zpa mKjhy; vq;fs; Nfhgj;jP jzpe;jJ vd;dh - guQ;NrhjpKdptH

7. fk;guhkhazk;
jz;liy kapy;f shlj; jhkiu tpsf;fe; jhq;ff;>
nfhz;ly;fs; Kotp Ndq;ff; Ftisfz; tpopj;J Nehf;fj;>
njz;biu naopdp fhl;lj; Njk;gpop kfu ahopd;
tz;Lf spdpJ ghl kUjk;tPw; wpUf;F khNjh.

nta;Nahd;xsp jd; Nkdpapd; tpupNrhjpapy; kiwag;

ngha;NahvDk; ,ilahnshLk; ,isahndhLk; Nghdhd;;
ikNah? kufjNkh? kwpflNyh? kio KfpNyh?
INah,td; tbntd;gNjhh; mopah moFilahd;. - fk;gu;

8. rpyg;gjpfhuk;
J}Rk; JfpUk; MuKk; mfpYk;
khRmW Kj;Jk; kzpAk; nghd;Dk;
mUq;fy ntWf;ifNahL mse;Jfil mwpah
tsk;jiy kaq;fpa ede;jiy kWFk;
ghy;tif njupe;j gFjpg; gz;lnkhL
$yk; Ftpj;j $y tPjpAk; - ,sq;Nfhtbfs;

9.fhyf;fzpjk;
khw;wk; vdJ khdplj; jj;Jtk;;
khWk; cyfpd; kfj;Jtk; mwpNtd;!
vt;ntit jPik vt;ntit ed;ik
vd;g jwpe;J VFnkd; rhiy!
jiytu; khWtu;; ju;ghu; khWk;;
jj;Jtk; kl;LNk ml;ra ghj;jpuk;!
nfhs;Nthu; nfhs;f Fiug;Nghu; Fiuf;f!
cs;tha; thu;j;ij clk;G njhlhJ:
ehNd njhlf;fk;; ehNd KbT ;
ehDiug; gJjhd; ehl;bd; rl;lk;! - fz;zjhrd;

25
 10. Njk;ghtzp
etkzp tlf;f apy;Nghy;
ey;ywg; gliyg; G+l;Lk;
jtkzp khu;gd; nrhd;d
jd;dpirf;F ,irfs; ghlj;
Jtkzp kuq;fs; NjhWk;
Jzu;mzpr; Ridfs; NjhWk;
ctkzp fhdk;nfhy; vd;W
xypj;J mOt Nghd;Nw. - tPukhKdptu;.

jpUf;Fws; (tpdh vz; : 21)

1. vg;nghUs; vj;jd;ikj; jhapDk; mg;nghUs;

nka;gn; ghUs; fhz;g jwpT.

2. gy;yhh; gifnfhsypw; gj;jLj;j jPikj;Nj

ey;yhh; njhlh;if tply;.

3. gz;vd;dhk; ghlw; fpiagpd;Nwy; fz;vd;dhk;

fz;Nzhl;lk; ,y;yhj fz;.

4. mUik cilj;njd; wrhthik Ntz;Lk;

ngUik Kaw;rp jUk;.

5. Kaw;rp jpUtpid Mf;Fk; Kaw;wpd;ik

,d;ik GFj;jp tpLk;.

6. nraw;if mwpe;jf; filj;Jk; cyfj;

jpaw;if mwpe;J nray;.

7. nghUsy; ytiug; nghUshfr; nra;Ak;

nghUsy;y jpy;iy nghUs;.

8. Fd;Nwwp ahidg;Nghh; fz;lw;why; jd;ifj;njhd;

Wz;lhfr; nra;thd; tpid.

9. Fw;wk; ,ydha;f; Fbnra;J tho;thidr;

Rw;wkhr; Rw;Wk; cyF.

10. ,d;ikapd; ,d;dhj jpahnjdpd; ,d;ikapd;

,d;ikNa ,d;dh jJ.
- jpUts;Stu;

,yf;fzr; rpWtpdhf;fs; (tpdh vz; : 35)

1. mwpe;jJ> mwpahjJ> Ghpe;jJ> GhpahjJ> njhpe;jJ> njhpahjJ> gpwe;jJ>

gpwthjJ - tpidKw;Wfisj; njhopw;ngah;fshf khw;wp vOJf
mwpjy;> mwpahik.
Ghpjy;> Ghpahik.
njhpjy;> njhpahik
gpwj;jy;> gpwthik

26
2. ‘fz;N;z fz;Zwq;F
fhiyapy; ePnaOk;G
khkio nga;ifapNy
khk;G+Nt fz;Zwq;F
ghbNdd; jhyhl;L
Mb Mb Xa;e;Jwq;F”
,j;jhyhl;Lg; ghlypy; mike;Js;s njhlh; tiffis vOJf.
fz;Nz fz;Zwq;F - tpspj;njhlh;
fhiyapy; ePnaOk;G - Ntw;Wikj; njhlh;
khkio nga;ifapNy - chpr;nrhy; njhlh;
khk;G+Nt fz;Zwq;F - tpspj;njhlh;
ghbNdd; jhyhl;L - tpidKw;Wj; njhlh;
Mb Mb Xa;e;Jwq;F - mLf;Fj; njhlh;

3. ‘Kaw;rp jpUtpid Mf;Fk; Kaw;wpd;ik

,d;ik GFj;jp tpLk;”
- ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; mike;Js;s nghUs;Nfhspd; tifiar; Rl;b tpsf;Ff.
• ,f;Fwl;ghtpy;; mike;Js;s nghUs;Nfhs; Mw;WePh;g; nghUs;Nfhs;.
• Kaw;rp nry;tj;ijj; jUk;. Kaw;rp ,d;ik tWikiaj; jUk;.
• ghlypd; njhlf;fk; Kjy; KbT tiu Mw;WePh; Nghy; NeuhfNt nghUs; jUtJ
Mw;W ePu;g; nghUs;Nfhs;.

4. mte;jp ehl;L kd;dd; kUj ehl;L kd;dDld; Nghh; Ghpe;J me;ehl;ilf;

ifg;gw;w epidf;fpd;whd;. mg;Nghh; epfo;itg; Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy $Wk;
,yf;fzj;jpd; top tpsf;Ff.
• mte;jp ehl;L kd;dd; kUj ehl;L kd;dDld; Nghh; Ghpe;J me;ehl;ilf;
ifg;gw;w epidf;fpd;whd;.
• ,J tQ;rpj; jpiz.
• kz;zhir fUjpg; gil vLj;jy;.
• tQ;rpg; G+itr; #Lth;.

5. Mrphpag;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzj;ij vOJf.

• mftNyhir ngw;W tUk;.
• ,aw;rPUk; Mrphpaj;jisAk; tUk;.
• 3-mb rpw;nwy;iy – tpUg;gj;jpd;gb Ngnuy;iy.
• Vfhuj;jpy; KbtJ rpwg;G.

6. ntz;ghtpd; ,yf;fzk;
• nrg;gNyhir ngw;W tUk;
• ,aw;rPUk; ntz;rPUk; tUk;
• ntz;lis tUk; gpwtuhJ
• 2-12 mb tiu
• ,Wjpr;rPu; ehs;> kyu;> fhR> gpwg;G xd;wpy; KbAk;.

27
 mzp ,yf;fzk; (tpdh vz; : 36)

1. jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

,yf;fzk; : ,ay;gha; epfOk; epfo;r;rpapd; kPJ ftpQh; jd; Fwpg;ig
Vw;wpf; $WtJ jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzpahFk;.
v.fh. : NghUoe; njLj;j Mnuapy; neLq;nfhb thuy; vd;gdNghy;
kwpj;Jf; iffhl;l
nghUj;jk; : nfhb fhw;wpy; mirtJ ,ay;G.
NfhtyDk;; fz;zfpAk; kJiuf;Fs; tuNtz;lhk; vd;W
nfhb mire;jJ vd;W ftpQh; jd; Fwpg;ig Vw;wpAs;shh;.

2. epuy;epiw mzpiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff.

,yf;fzk; : nrhy;iyAk; nghUisAk; thpirahf epWj;jp> nghUs;
nfhs;tJ epuy;epiw mzp
v.fh. : md;Gk; mwDk; cilj;jhapd; ,y;tho;fi
; f
gz;Gk; gaDk; mJ
nghUj;jk; : ,f;Fwspy; md;Gk; mwDk; vd;w nrhw;fis thpirahf
epWj;jpg; gz;Gk; gaDk; vd;w nghUis tupirglf; $wpajhy;
,J epuy;epiwazp
.;
3. jd;ikazpia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
,yf;fzk; : cs;sij cs;sthW moFglf; $WtJ jd;ikazp.
v.fh. : nka;apw; nghbAk; tphpj;j fUq;FoYk; ---------- vd;w ghly;..
nghUj;jk; : fztid ,oe;j fz;zfpapd; Jd;gj;ij ,ay;ghd
nrhw;fshy; $wpajhy; jd;ikazp;.

4. ctikazpia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

,yf;fzk; : ctkcUG ntspg;gilahf tUtJ ctikazpahFk;.
v.fh. : NtnyhL epd;whd; ,Lntd;wJ NghYk;
NfhnyhL epd;whd; ,uT
nghUj;jk; : Nty;; fhl;b topg;gwp nra;tJ NghYk;
Ml;rp mjpfhuk; nfhz;l murd; thp tpjpg;gJ

5. tQ;rg;Gfo;r;rp mzpiar; rhd;W je;J tpsf;Ff.

,yf;fzk; : Gfo;tJ Nghyg; gopg;gJ - gopg;gJNghyg; Gfo;tJ
tQ;rg;Gfo;r;rp mzp vdg;gLk;.
v.fh. : Njtu; midau; fatu; mtUe;jhk;
Nktd nra;njhOf yhd;.
nghUj;jk; : NjtUk; fatUk; xd;W vdg; Gfo;e;J gpd;> fatu;fs; ,ope;j
nraiyNa nra;tu; vdg; gopj;Jf; $wpajhy; tQ;rg;Gfo;r;rp
mzpahFk;.

6. nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazpiar; rhd;W je;J tpsf;Ff.

,yf;fzk; : nra;Aspy; te;j nrhy;Ny kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J> xNu
nghUisj; jUtJ nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp MFk;.
v.fh. : ,d;ikapd; ,d;dhjJ ahnjdpd; ,d;ikapd;
,d;ikNa ,d;dh jJ.
nghUj;jk; : ,f;Fwspy; ‘,d;ik’ vd;Dk; nrhy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J>
‘Jd;gk;’ vd;Dk; xNu nghUisj; jUtjhy; nrhw;nghUs;
gpd;tUepiyazp MFk;.

28
7. vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazp
,yf;fzk; : ctk cUG kiwe;J tUtJ.
v.fh. : gz;vd;dhk; ghlw; fpiagpd;Nwy; fz;vd;dhk;
fz;Nzhl;lk; ,y;yhj fz;
nghUj;jk; : ,f;Fwspy; Nghy vd;Dk; ctk cUG kiwe;J te;Js;sjhy;
,J vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazpahapw;W

myfpl;L tha;ghL jUf (tpdh vz; : 37)

• Gs;sp itj;j vOj;ij mLj;Jf; Nfhbl;Lg; gphpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kaw;-rp
• nebiy mLj;Jf; Nfhbl;Lg; gphpf;f Ntz;Lk;. vy; /yh/Uk;> mw/dP/Dk;
• Gs;sp itj;j vOj;Jk; nebYk; ,y;yhtpl;lhy; ,uz;L vOj;JfSf;F
mLj;Jf; Nfhbl;Lg; gphpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mU/tpid
• gphpj;j gpd; Gs;sp itj;j vOj;ijf; fzf;fpy; nfhs;shky; xU vOj;J
,Ue;jhy; Neh; vd;Wk; ,uz;L vOj;Jfs; ,Ue;jhy; epiu vd;Wk; Fwpf;f
Ntz;Lk;.

Xuirr; rPh; <uirr; rPh; %tirr; rPh;

Neh; - ehs; Neh; Neh; - Njkh Neh; Neh; Neh; - Njkhq;fha;
epiu - kyu; epiu Neh; - Gspkh epiu Neh; Neh; - Gspkhq;fha;
Neh;G - fhR epiu epiu - fUtpsk; epiu epiu Neh; - fUtpsq;fha;
epiuG - gpwg;G Neh; epiu - $tpsk; Neh; epiu Neh; - $tpsq;fha;

rPh; mir tha;ghL

xOf; /fk; epiu Neh; Gspkh
tpOg; /gk; epiu Neh; Gspkh
ju/yhd; epiu Neh; Gspkh
xOf; /fk; epiu Neh; Gspkh
cap/hpDk; epiu epiu fUtpsk;
Xk; /gg; Neh; Neh; Njkh
gLk; epiu kyh;

rPh; mir tha;ghL

nghU/sy; epiu Neh; Gspkh
yt/iug; epiu Neh; Gspkh
nghU/sh/fr; epiu Neh; Neh; Gspkhq;fha;
nra;/Ak; Neh; Neh; Njkh
nghU/sy;/y epiu Neh; Neh; Gspkhq;fha;
jpy; /iyg; Neh; Neh; Njkh
nghUs; epiu kyh;
rPh; mir tha;ghL
fU/kk; epiu Neh; Gspkh
rpij/ah/ky; epiu Neh; Neh; Gspkhq;fha;
fz; /Nzh/l Neh; Neh; Neh; Njkhq;fha;
ty;/yhh;f; Neh; Neh; Njkh
Fhp/ik epiu Neh; Gspkh
cilj;/jpt; epiu Neh; Gspkh
cy/F epiuG gpwg;G

29
 5 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; (tpdh vz; : 38)

1. kNdhd;kzPak; Re;judhhpd; jkpo;j;jha; tho;j;ijAk; ngUQ;rpj;jpudhhpd; jkpo;

tho;j;ijAk; xg;gpl;L xU Nkilg;Ngr;R xd;iw cUthf;Ff.
Re;judhhpd; jkpo;j;jha; tho;j;J ngUQ;rpj;jpudhhpd; jkpo; tho;j;J
rPh; ,sikj; jpwd; ,sik> moF
Kfk; gujf; fz;lk; kz;Zyfg; NguuR
new;wpg; nghl;L jkpofk; ghz;bad; kfs;
vj;jpirAk; Gfo; vl;Lj; njhif> gj;Jg;ghl;L
jkpioj; jkpo;j;jhahf tho;j;Jjy; jkpio tho;j;Jjy;

2. Ky;iyg;ghl;by; cs;s fhh;fhyr; nra;jpfis tpthpj;J vOJf.

• Nkfk; ngUkio nghopaj; jiytp tUj;jj;jpy; ,Ue;jhs;.
• khiyapy; Kjpa ngz;fs; Ch;g;gf;fk; nrd;wdh;.
• Ky;iyAk;> ney;iyAk; J}tp ,iwtid tzq;fpdh;.
• jiytpf;fhf ew;nrhy; Nfl;ldh;.
• mq;F rpW fd;W grpahy; thbaJ.
• mijf; fz;l ,ilkfs;> “Nka;r;rYf;Fr; nrd;w jhah; ,g;NghJ tUth;”
vd;whs;.
• Kjpa ngz;fs; jiytpaplk;> “ehq;fs; ew;nrhy; Nfl;Nlhk; - cd; jiytd;
giftiu ntd;W tpiutpy; tUthd; - tUe;jhNj” vd;wdh;.

3. Mw;Wg;gLj;Jjy; vd;gJ md;iwf;Fg; Gyth;fisAk;> fiyQh;fisAk;

ts;sy;fis Nehf;fp newpg;gLj;Jtjhf ,Ue;jJ. mJ ,d;iwa epiyapy; xU
topfhl;Ljyhf khwpapUg;gij tpsf;Ff.
• fy;tp topfhl;ly;. njhopy; topfhl;ly;.
• cly; eyk; - cseyk; rhh;e;j topfhl;ly;.
• kdpj cwT gykhfpwJ. tho;T eykhfpwJ. kdpj Neak; kyh;fpwJ.

4. re;jf; ftpijapy; rpwf;Fk; fk;gd; vd;w jiyg;gpy; ,yf;fpa ciu vOJf.

• fk;gh;> jz;liy kapy;fs; Ml vd;Dk; ghlypy;>
kapy;fs; Ml tz;Lfs; ghlj;
jhkiukyh;fs; tpsf;fhf cs;sd
Nkfk; kj;jskhf xypf;ff; Ftis ghh;ff ; pwJ vd;W ghbAs;shh;.
• ,uhkdpd; Nkdp - ikNah? kufjNkh? kwpflNyh? kioKfpNyh? vd;fpwhh;.

5. ghlg;Gj;jfj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s nka;ff ; Ph;j;jpg; ghlypd; eaj;ij tpsf;Ff.

,uz;lhk; ,uhruhrNrhodpd; ehl;bd; tsk;> Ml;rpr; rpwg;igr; nrhy;fpd;wJ.
• ahidfs; kl;LNk gpzpf;fg;gl;ld - kf;fs; gpzpf;fg;gltpy;iy
• rpyk;Gfs; kl;LNk Gyk;Gfpd;wd - kf;fs; Gyk;Gtjpy;iy
• Xilfs; kl;LNk fyq;Ffpd;wd - kf;fs; fyq;Ftjpy;iy
• kyh;fs; kl;LNk gwpf;fg;gLfpd;wd - kf;fs; chpik gwpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy
• tz;Lfs; kl;LNk Njd; cz;fpd;wd - kf;fs; fs; cz;gJ ,y;iy

30
6. rpyg;gjpfhu kUT+u;g;ghf;f tzpf tPjpfis ,f;fhy tzpf tshfq;fNshLk;
mq;fhbfNshLk; xg;gpl;L vOJf.
kUT+h;g;ghf;f tzpf tPjp ,f;fhy tzpf tshfk;
jdpj;jdpj; njhopy;> ifj;njhopy; tPjp xNu tPjpapy; vy;yhg; nghUl;fSk; ,y;iy
$yf;filj; njUf;fs; jdpj;jdp mq;fhbfs;
Neub tzpf Kiw ,ilj;jufh; tzpf Kiw
tzpf Nehf;fk; kdpjNeak; kpf;fJ
cw;gj;jpahsh;> tptrhapfs; ifapy; tpahghhpfs; ifapy;
juk; cz;L> tpiy FiwT Kiwahd tpiy ,y;iy

7. fUizadpd; jha; kiwtpw;F tPukhKdpth; jk; G+f;fs; Nghd;w ctikfshYk;

cUtf kyh;fshYk; epfo;j;jpa ftpjhQ;rypia tpthpf;f.
• G+kpj;jhNa vd; jhapd; cliyf; fhg;gha; vd;W kyh;fisAk; fz;zPiuAk;
nghope;jhd;.
• kio ,y;yhg; gaph; Nghy; thLfpNwd;.
• kuj;jpypUe;J gwpj;j kyh; Nghy; thLfpNwd;.
• mk;gpdhy; cz;lhd typia czh;fpNwd;.
• Jiz gphpe;j gwit Nghy; thLfpNwd;.
• fUizad; Jaiuf; fz;L fhl;by; kyh;fSk; gwitfSk; mOfpd;wd.

8. gheak; ghuhl;ly; (5-kjpg;ngz;fs;)

kdpjnuyhk; md;Gnewp fhz;g jw;Fk;
kNdhghtk; thidg;Nghy; tphpt ile;J
jdpkdpjj; jj;Jtkhk; ,Uisg; Nghf;fpr;
rfkf;fs; xd;nwd;g Jzh;t jw;Fk;
,dpjpdpjha; vOe;jcah; vz;z nky;yhk;
,yFtJ Gyth;jU Rtbr; rhiy
GdpjKw;W kf;fs; GJtho;T Ntz;by;
Gj;jf rhiyNtz;Lk; ehl;by; ahz;Lk;

1. jpuz;l fUj;J:
kdpjnuyhk; md;Gnewp fhz;gjw;Fk; kNdhghtk; thidg;Nghy; tphptile;J
rfkf;fs; xd;nwd;g Jzh;tjw;Fk; Gj;jfr; rhiyNtz;Lk; vd;fpwhh; ftpQh;.
2. ikaf;fUj;J: ,g;ghly; Gj;jfr; rhiy gw;wp $WfpwJ.
3. Nkhid : Kjy; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ
kdpjnuyhk; - kNdhghtk;
4. vJif : ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wp tUtJ
kdpjnuyhk;…..jdpkdpj
5. ,iaG : Xirapy; filrp rPu; xd;wp tUjy;
fhz;gjw;Fk; vz;znky;yhk; ahz;Lk;.
6. re;jeak; : ,g;ghlypy; re;jeak; cs;sJ.
7. mzp : ctik mzp te;Js;sJ.

31
 tpz;zg;gk;> fbjk; (tpdh vz; : 39)

1. khepy mstpy; eilngw;w ‘kuk; ,aw;ifapd; tuk;’ vDk; jiyg;gpyhd

fl;Liug; Nghl;bapy; ntw;wp ngw;W Kjy; ghpR ngw;w ez;gid tho;j;jp kly;
vOJf.
tho;j;J kly;
fpUl;bdfpup
06-04-2023
md;G ez;gh>
eyk;. eykwpa Mty;. khepy mstpy; eilngw;w kuk; ,aw;ifapd; tuk; vDk;
jiyg;gpyhd fl;Liug; Nghl;bapy; ntw;wp ngw;W Kjy; ghpR ngw;wij mwpe;Njd;. kpf;f
kfpo;r;rp. njhlul;Lk; cd; ntw;wpg; gazk;. tho;j;Jfs;.
kw;wit Nehpy;.
,g;gbf;F>
md;G ez;gd;>
mmm (ngah;)
ciwNky; Kfthp
ngWeh;
mmm
5> jkpo; efh;>
nrd;id - 1.

2. czT tpLjpnahd;wpy; toq;fg;gl;l czT jukw;wjhfTk;> tpiy $LjyhfTk;

,Ue;jJ Fwpj;J chpa rhd;WfSld; czTg; ghJfhg;G MizaUf;Ff; fbjk;
vOJf.

mDg;Geh;
mmmm
5>nghjpif efh;>
fpUl;bdfpup– 1.

ngWeh;
czTg; ghJfhg;G Mizah;>
czTg; ghJfhg;G Mizah; mYtyfk;>
fpUl;bdfpup.
Iah>
nghUs;: czT tpLjpkPJ eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;Ljy; rhu;G.

tzf;fk;. ehd; New;W khiy vq;fs; Chpy; cs;s njd;wy; czT tpLjpf;Fr;
nrd;Nwd;. mq;F toq;fg;gl;l czT jukw;wjhfTk;> tpiy $LjyhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.
mjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Nld;. chpa eltbf;if vLf;f Ntz;LfpNwd;. ,j;Jld; czT
tpLjp urPJ ,izj;Js;Nsd;.

ed;wp!
,lk; : fpUl;bdfpup jq;fs; cz;ikAs;s
ehs; : 10.08.2023 mmm (ngah;)
ciwNky; Kfthp
ngWeh;
czTg; ghJfhg;G Mizau;>
czTg; ghJfhg;G Mizau; mYtyfk;>
fpUl;bdfpup.

32
3. ehspjo; xd;wpd; nghq;fy; kyhpy; “coTf;Fk; njhopYf;Fk; te;jid nra;Nthk;”
vDk; cq;fs; fl;Liuia ntspapl Ntz;b me;ehspjo; MrphpaUf;Ff; fbjk;
vOJf.

mDg;Geh;
mmmm
5>nghjpif efh;>
fpUl;bdfpup

ngWeh;
Mrphpah; mth;fs;>
jpdkzp ehspjo;
Nryk;.

Iah>
nghUs;: nghq;fy; kyhpy; fl;Liu ntspapl Ntz;Ljy; rhh;G.

tzf;fk;. ehd; “coTf;Fk; njhopYf;Fk; te;jid nra;Nthk; ” vd;w jiyg;gpy;

fl;Liu vOjpAs;Nsd;. jq;fs; ehspjopy; nghq;fy; kyhpy; ntspapLkhW md;Gld;
Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;Nwd;.

ed;wp!
,lk; : fpUl;bdfpup jq;fs; cz;ikAs;s
ehs; : 10.08.2023 mmm (ngah;)

ciwNky; Kfthp
ngWeh;
Mrpupau; mtu;fs;>
jpdkzp ehspjo;
Nryk;.

4. cq;fs; njUtpy; kpd;tpsf;Ffs; gOjile;J cs;sd. mjdhy; ,utpy;

rhiyapy; ele;J nry;NthUf;F Vw;gLk; ,ilA+Wfis vOjp Mtd nra;AkhW
kpd;thhpa mYtyUf;Ff; $l;L tpz;zg;gk; vOJf.

mDg;Geh;
mmmm
5>nghjpif efh;>
fpUl;bdfpup.

ngWeh;
kpd;thhpa mYtyh;>
kpd;thhpa mYtyh; mYtyfk;>
fpUl;bdfpup

Iah>
nghUs;: kpd;tpsf;F trjp Ntz;Ljy; rhh;G.

tzf;fk;. vq;fs; njUtpy; kpd;tpsf;Ffs; gOjile;J cs;sd. mjdhy; ,utpy;

rhiyapy; ele;J nry;NthUf;F ,ilA+W Vw;gLfpwJ. jpUl;Lg; gaKk; cs;sJ.
vdNt> vq;fs; gFjpapy; cs;s gOjile;j kpd;tpsf;Ffisr; rhp nra;J jUkhW
gzpTld; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpNwhk;.

33
 ed;wp!
,lk; : fpUl;bdfpup jq;fs; cz;ikAs;s
ehs; : 10.08.2023 mmm (ngah;)

ciwNky; Kfthp
ngWeh;
kpd;thupa mYtyu;
kpd;thupa mYtyfk;>
fpUl;bdfpup

5. gs;spj;jplypy; fpilj;j gzg;igia chpathplk; xg;gilj;Jg; ghuhl;L

ngw;wijg; gw;wp cwtpdUf;Ff; fbjk; vOJf.

fpUl;bdfpup
06-04-2023
md;G khkhtpw;F>
eyk; eykwpa Mty;.
fle;j thuk; vq;fs; gs;spj; jplypy; xU gzg;ig fple;jJ.
mjpy; epiwa gzk; ,Ue;jJ.
clNd jiyik Mrphpahplk; xg;gilj;Njd;.
gzg;ig chpathplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ.
fhiy topghl;Lf; $l;lj;jpy; midtUk; vd;idg; ghuhl;bdh;.
Neh;ikapd; kjpg;ig czh;e;Njd;.
kw;wit Nehpy;.

,g;gbf;F>
jq;fs; md;Gs;s>
mmm (ngah;)
ciwNky; Kfthp
ngWeh;
jpU. kzp
5> ,e;jpuh efu;>
nrd;id-1

6. gs;sp Mz;Ltpoh kyUf;fhf> ePq;fs; E}yfj;jpy; gbj;j fij / fl;Liu /

rpWfij / ftpij E}Yf;fhd kjpg;Giu vOJf.
Fwpg;G – E}ypd; jiyg;G - E}ypd; ikag;nghUs; - nkhopeil - ntspg;gLj;Jk;
fUj;J - E}ypd; eak; - E}y; fl;likg;G - rpwg;Gf; $W - E}y; Mrphpah;.
E}y; kjpg;Giu
• E}ypd; jiyg;G : gukhh;j;j FU fij
• E}ypd; ikag;nghUs; : Ie;J rPlh;fspd; FUgf;jp
• nkhopeil : eifr;Rit kpFe;j eil
• ntspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;J : %lek;gpf;if $lhJ. mwpTld; nray;gl Ntz;Lk;.
• E}ypd; eak; : ctik> cUtfk;> Nkw;Nfhs; nfhz;lJ.
• E}y; fl;likg;G : njspthd mr;R> Vw;w glq;fs;.
• rpwg;Gf; $W : tha;tpl;Lr; rphpj;jhy; Neha;tpl;Lg; NghFk;
• E}y; Mrphpah; : tPukhKdpth;

34
 glk; czu;j;Jk; fUj;J fhl;rpiaf; fz;L ftpDw vOJf. (tpdh vz;. 40)

rpd;d rpd;d Xtpak;

rpq;fhu Xtpak;
tz;z tz;z Xtpak;
tskhd Xtpak;
nrhy;y nrhy;y fhtpak;
nghUs; kpFe;j Xtpak;
rpe;jidf;F Xtpak;
rpwg;ghd Xtpak;

1. E}yf cWg;gpdu; gbtk; (tpdh vz; : 41)

fpUl;bdfpup khtl;l E}yf Mizf;FO
ika / fpis / Ch;g;Gw E}yfk; njd;fhrp
cWg;gpdu; Nru;f;if ml;il

ml;il vz; : cWg;gpdu; vz; :

1. ngau; : kjpaofd;. k
2. je;ij ngau; : kjpNte;jd;
3. gpwe;j Njjp : 12-04-2007
4. taJ : 15
5. gbg;G : gj;jhk; tFg;G
6. njhiyNgrp vz;/
miyNgrp vz; : 9876543210
7. Kftup : 32> Ntytd; efu;> fpUl;bdfpup

ehd; fpUl;bdfpup khtl;l ika E}yfj;jpy; cWg;gpduhfg; gjpT nra;a ,j;Jld;

fhg;Gj;njhif &.100 re;jhj; njhif &.10 Mf nkhj;jk; &.110 nrYj;JfpNwd;. E}yf
eilKiw kw;Wk; tpjpfSf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLfpNwd; vd cWjpaspf;fpNwd;.

,lk; : fpUl;bdfpup jq;fs; cz;ikAs;s

ehs; : 06-04-23 (kjpaofd;;)
jpU / jpUkjp / nry;tp / nry;td; kjpaofd;; mtu;fis vdf;F ed;F njupAk;
vdr; rhd;wspf;fpNwd;.

mYtyf Kj;jpiu gpizahsu; ifnahg;gk;

(gjtp kw;Wk; mYtyfk; )

35
 2. Nky;epiy tFg;G – Nru;fi; f tpz;zg;gg; gbtk;
jpUg;G+u;> ghz;bad; efu;> 62,y; FbapUf;Fk; ,uhjpfhtpd; kfd; ,uF tutpghisak;
muR cau;epiyg;gs;spapy;> mwptpaypy; 90 kjpg;ngz;fSld; gj;jhk; tFg;gpy; 440
kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw;Ws;shu;. Nju;tu; jd;id ,uFthf vz;zp rupahd gbtj;ij
epug;gTk;.

Nru;fi
; f vz; : Njjp : tFg;Gk; gpupTk; : 11m
1. khztupd; ngau; : ,uF
2. gpwe;j Njjp : 12-04-2007
3. Njrpa ,dk; : ,e;jpad;
4. ngw;Nwhu; / ghJfhtyu; ngau; : ,uhjpfh
5. tPl;L Kftup : 62> ghz;bad; efu;> jpUg;G+u;
6. ,Wjpahfg; gbj;j tFg;G : gj;jhk; tFg;G
7. gapd;w nkhop : jkpo;
8. ,Wjpahfg; gbj;j gs;spapd; ngau; : muR cau;epiyg; gs;sp>
thtpghisak;
9. gj;jhk; tFg;gpy; ngw;w kjpg;ngz;fs; : 440
gjpT vz;.
Nju;tpd; ngau; ghlk; kjpg;ngz;
Mz;L
jkpo; 90
Mq;fpyk; 90
gs;sp ,Wjpj; fzpjk; 90
242461/2023
Nju;T mwptpay; 90
r%f mwptpay; 80
nkhj;jk; 440

10. khw;Wr; rhd;wpjo; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sjh? : Mk;

11. jha;nkhop : jkpo;
12. Nru tpUk;Gk; ghlg;gpupTk; gapw;WnkhopAk; : fzpjk; - jkpo;

khztupd; ifnaOj;J
(,uF)
3.jkpo;ehL tpisahl;L Nkk;ghl;L Mizaj;jpd; cWg;gpdu; Nru;f;if
tpz;zg;gg; gbtk;
flY}u; khtl;lk;> rpjk;guk;> fgpyu; njU> 128 vd;w fjtpyf;fk; nfhz;l tPl;by;
FbapUf;Fk; Jiurhkpapd; kfs; fdpnkhop mq;Fs;s efuhl;rp Nky;epiyg;gs;spapy;
gbf;fpwhu;. mtu; fhy;ge;J tpisahl;by; Nru;eJ ; gapw;rp ngw tpUk;Gfpwhu;. Nju;tu;
jd;idf; fdpnkhopahf ghtpj;J jFe;j gbtj;ij epug;Gf.

1. khztupd; ngau; : fdpnkhop

2. ghypdk; : ngz;
3. gpwe;j Njjp : 12-04-2007
4. Njrpa ,dk; : ,e;jpad;
5. ngw;Nwhu; / ghJfhtyu; ngau; : Jiurhkp

36
6. ,uj;j tif : O+ve
7. cauk; kw;Wk; vil : 160 nr.kP.> 55 fp
8. tPl;L Kftup : 128> fgpyu; njU> rpjk;guk;> flY}u;
khtl;lk;.
9. ,Wjpahfg; gbj;J Kbj;j tFg;G : gj;jhk; tFg;G
10. gs;spapd; Kftup : efuhl;rp Nky;epiyg; gs;sp
11. NrutpUk;Gk; tpisahl;L : fhy;ge;J

Nru;fi
; f vz; : khztupd; ifnahg;gk;
,lk; : rpjk;guk; (fdpnkhop)
ehs; : 10.08.2023

ngw;Nwhu; / ghJfhtyupd; ifnaOj;J

4. gzp tha;g;G Ntz;b jd;tptug; gl;baiy epug;Gjy;

<NuhL khtl;lk;> nrd;dpkiy> nfhsj;Jg;ghisak;> Ky;iy efu;> fjT vz;.
48>vd;w Kftupapy; trpj;J tUk; jpU. jkpouRtpd; kfs; rrpfyh mYtyf
cjtpahsuhf gzp Ntz;b tpz;zg;gpf;fpwhu;. Nju;tu; jd;id rrpfyhthf vz;zp jd;
tptug;gl;bay; epug;Gf.
1. ngau; : j.rrpfyh
2. ghypdk; : ngz;
3. gpwe;j ehs; kw;Wk; taJ : 12-04-2007
4. Njrpa ,dk; : ,e;jpad;
5. ngw;Nwhu; / ghJfhtyu; ngau; : jkpouR
6. tPl;L Kftup : 48> Ky;iy efu;> nfhsj;Jg;ghisak;>
nrd;dpkiy> <NuhL khtl;lk;.
7. njhiyNgrp / miyNgrp vz; : 9876543210
8. gj;jhk; tFg;gpy; ngw;w kjpg;ngz;fs; : 450
9. jha;nkhop : jkpo;
10. gapd;w nkhopfs; : jkpo;> Mq;fpyk;
11. jl;lr;R : cah;epiy
12. fzpdp : DCA
Nkw;fz;l tpguq;fs; midj;Jk; cz;iknad cWjp $WfpNwd;. jq;fs;
epWtdj;jpy; jl;lr;rh; gzpapidj; je;jhy; vd; gzpapidr; rpwg;ghfTk; cz;ikahfTk;
nra;Ntd; vd cWjpaspf;fpNwd;.

,lk; : nrd;dpkiy jq;fs; cz;ikAs;s

ehs; : 06-04-23 (j.rrpfyh)

37
 tho;tpay; / epw;f mjw;Fj; jf (tpdh vz; - 42)
kyu;eJ
; k; kyuhj ghjpkyu; Nghy;
tsUk; top tz;zNk – te;J
tpbe;Jk; tpbahj fhiyg; nghOjhf
tpise;j fiy md;dNk
ejpapy; tpisahb nfhbapy; jiyrPtp
ele;j ,se; njd;wNy – tsu;
nghjpif kiyNjhd;wp kJiuefu; fz;L
nghype;j jkpo; kd;wNk
➢ ftpQu; fz;zjhrdpd; ,g;ghlypy; jtOk; fhw;iwAk; ftpij
eaj;ijAk; ghuhl;b ciunra;f.
eak; ghuhl;ly;
1. Kd;Diu
2. vJif eak;
3. Nkhid eak;
4. re;j eak;
5. ,iaG eak;
6. Kuz; eak;
7. mzp eak;
8. nghUs; eak;
9. KbTiu

1. Kd;Diu
fz;zjhrdpd; ghlypy; cs;s Nkhid eak;> vJif eak;> ,iaG eak;> re;j
eak;> mzp eak;> Rit eak; Kjypa eaq;fisg; gw;wp fhz;Nghk;.

2. Nkhid eak;
nra;Aspy; Kjy; vOj;J xd;wptuj; njhLg;gJ Nkhideak;.
tsUk; tz;zNk

3. vJif eak;
nra;Aspy; ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wptuj; njhLg;gJ vJif eak;.
ejpapy;
nghjpif

4. re;j eak;
re;jk; ghl;Lf;Fr; nrhe;jk;. ,g;ghly; ,irNahL ghLtjw;F Vw;w Kiwapy;
mike;Js;sJ.

5. ,iaG eak;
,Wjp vOj;Njh> rPNuh> mirNah xd;wp tUjy; ,iaG eak;.
tz;zNk
md;dNk
kd;wNk

38
6. Kuz; eak;
kyu;eJ
; k; x kyuhj
tpbe;Jk; x tpbahj

7. mzp eak;
,g;ghlypy; ctikazp $wp nra;ASf;F moF Nru;j;Js;shu; ftpQu;.
rhd;W: ghjp kyu;Nghy – ctikazp

8. nghUs; eak;
fhw;NwhL jkpioAk; rpwg;gpj;J ey;y nghUs; eaj;NjhL ,g;ghly;
vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ.

9. KbTiu
fz;zjhrdpd; ghlypy; cs;s Nkhideak;> vJifeak;> ,iaG eak;> re;j
eak;> mzp eak;> Rit eak; Kjypa eaq;fisg; gw;wp fz;Nlhk;.

,d;nrhy; jPanrhy;
gpwh; kdk; kfpOk; gpwh; kdk; thLk;
mwk; tsUk; mwk; NjAk;
Gfo; ngUFk; ,fo; ngUFk;
ey;y ez;gh;fs; NrUth; ey;y ez;gh;fs; tpyFth;
md;G epiwAk; gifik epiwAk;
,jpy; ePq;fs; nry;Yk; top ahJ? cq;fs; ez;gUf;Ff; fhl;Lk; top ahJ?
1. ehq;fs; nry;Yk; top ,d;nrhy; top.
2. vq;fs; ez;gUf;Fk; ,d;nrhy; top fhl;LNthk;.
3. mth;fisAk; mt;topapy; elf;fr; nra;Nthk;.

2. thndhyp mwptpg;igf;; Nfl;l ePq;fs; cq;fisAk; cq;fs; FLk;gj;jhiuAk;

fhg;ghw;Wk; tifapy; nra;Ak; nray;fis thpirg;gLj;jp vOJf.
1. Gaypd;NghJ ntspNa nry;y khl;Nld;.
2. njhiyNgrp> kpd;rhjdq;fs; gad;gLj;j khl;Nld;.
3. khbapy; ,Uf;fhky; jiug;gFjpapy; jq;FNtd;.
4. thfdq;fisf; ftdkhf ,af;FNtd;.
5. thndhyp mwptpg;igf; Nfl;Lg; gpd;gw;WNtd;.

3. kUj;Jth; F.rptuhkdpd; fUj;jpw;Fr; cq;fs; gjpy; vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk;?

1. ghuk;ghpa czTfis cz;zyhk;.
2. fhy epiy mwpe;J cz;z Ntz;Lk;.
3. ,aw;if czTfis cz;zyhk;;.
4. fha;fwpfs; goq;fs; cz;zyhk;..
5. czNt kUe;J.

4. njhiyf;fhl;rp> fhnzhyp tpisahl;L> r%f Clfq;fspy; kpjg;gth;fis

newpg;gLj;j ePq;fs; nra;Ak; Kaw;rpfisg; gl;baypLf.
1. fjph;tPr;rpd; nfLjiy czh;j;jyhk;;.
2. FO tpisahl;Lf;fis tpisahlr; nra;ayhk;.
3. cwtpdh;fSld; Ngryhk;.
4. kuq;fs; tsh;ff ; yhk;.
5. Gj;jfk; gbf;fyhk;.

39
5. gs;spapYk; tPl;bYk; cd; nray;fis ml;ltizg;gLj;Jf.
gs;spapy; ehd; tPl;by; ehd;
Neuj;ijr; rhpahff; filg;gpbg;Ngd; tPl;L Ntiyfisr; nra;Ntd;
Mrphpah;fis kjpg;Ngd; nghpath;fis kjpg;Ngd;
J}a;ikahf itj;jpUg;Ngd; J}a;ikahf itj;jpUg;Ngd;
ghlq;fisg; gbg;Ngd; nghWg;ghf ele;J nfhs;Ntd;
ey;y ngah; vLg;Ngd; ey;y ngah; vLg;Ngd;

6. fiyfisg; ghJfhf;fTk; tsh;f;fTk; Nkd;NkYk; gutyhf;fTk; ePq;fs; nra;a

tpUg;gdtw;iw thpirg;gLj;Jf.
1. gpwe;jehs; tpohtpy; kapyhl;lk; Vw;ghL nra;Ntd;.
2. vq;fs; FLk;g tpohtpy; nghk;kyhl;lk; Vw;ghL nra;Ntd;.
3. Nfhapy; tpohtpy; fufhl;lk;> fhtbahl;lk; Vw;ghL nra;Ntd;.
4. tpLKiwf; fhyj;jpy; njUf;$j;J Vw;ghL nra;Ntd;.
5. jpUkz tpohtpy; ngha;ff ; hy; Fjpiu Ml;lk; Vw;ghL nra;Ntd;.

ciueil neLtpdhf;fs; (tpdh vz;. 43)

1. jkpopd; nrhy;tsk; gw;wpAk; Gjpa nrhy;yhf;fj;jpw;fhd Njit Fwpj;Jk; jkpo;

kd;wj;jpy; NgRtjw;fhd ciuf; Fwpg;Gfis vOJf.
jkpopd; nrhy;tsk;
➢ jkpo;nkhop> nrhy;tsk; epiwe;jJ.
➢ jpuhtpl nkhopfspd; jhahf cs;sJ.
➢ gpwnkhopj; jhf;fk; ,y;iy. jdpj;J ,aq;Fk;.
➢ jhtuj;jpd; midj;J epiyfSf;Fk; rpwg;ghd nrhw;fs; cs;sd.
➢ mwptpay; rhh;e;j nrhw;fSf;Fk; jkpo;r; nrhw;fs; cs;sd.
Gjpa nrhy;yhf;fj;jpw;fhd Njit
➢ fhyepiy
➢ mwptpay; tsh;r;rp
➢ nkhopngah;g;Gf;F Vw;g Gjpa nrhy;yhf;fj;jpw;fhd Njit cs;sJ.

2. cq;fs; ,y;yj;Jf;F te;j cwtpdUf;F ePq;fs; nra;Ak; tpUe;Njhk;gy; gw;wp

vOJf.
• jkpohpd; jiyrpwe;j gz;G tpUe;Njhk;gy;.
• vd; khkh xUehs; tPl;bw;F te;jhh;.
• tUf! tUf! vd tuNtw;Nwhk;;.
• mkur; nra;J jz;zPh; nfhLj;Njhk;.
• thioapy; mWRit czT nfhLj;Njhk;.
• khiyapy; Ciur; Rw;wpf; fhl;bNdhk;.
• fhiyapy; kfpo;r;rpAld; topaDg;gpNdhk;.

40
3. xU Foe;ijiaj; J}f;fTk; fPNo tpOe;j xU NjdPh;f; Nfhg;igia vLf;fTk;
nkd;nghUs; mf;fiw nfhs;Skh? ntWk; tzpfj;Jld; epd;WtpLkh?
,f;fUj;Jfis xl;br; ‘nraw;if Ez;zwptpd; vjph;fhy ntspg;ghLfs; ; gw;wp
xU fl;Liu vOJf.
• xU Foe;ijiaj; J}f;fTk;> fPNo tpOe;j xU NjdPh;f; Nfhg;igia vLf;fTk;
nkd;nghUs; mf;fiw nfhs;Sk;.
• Foe;ijia NuhNghtplk; xg;gilj;Jtpl;L mYtyfk; nry;th;.
• tajhdth;fSf;Fj; Jizahf NuhNgh ,Uf;Fk;.
• kdpjuhy; nra;a Kbahjtw;iwr; nraw;if Ez;zwpT nra;Ak;.
• fy;tp> kUj;Jtk;> tzpfk;> tq;fp> gazk; vd midj;Jj; JiwfspYk;
nraw;if Ez;zwpT gad;gLk;.
• njhopy;El;gj;ij msthfg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

4. nefpopg;igfspd; jPikiaf; $Wk; nghk;kyhl;lk; cq;fs; gs;spapd; Mz;L

tpohtpy; epfo;j;jg;gLfpwJ mjw;Fg; ghuhl;Liu xd;wpid vOJf.
• nefpopg;igfspd; jPikiaf; $Wk; nghk;kyhl;lk; rpwg;ghf ,Ue;jJ.
• %r;Rf;Foha; ghjpg;G> Fly;Gz; Nghd;w Neha;fs; nefpopg;igahy; Vw;gLfpd;wd.
• nefpopg;ig vspjpy; kf;fhJ.
• “ifapy; Jzpg;ig vLj;jpL> tho;tpd; ,dpik fhj;jpL

• xopg;Nghk; xopg;Nghk; nefpopg;igia xopg;Nghk;”

• vd;W tpopg;Gzh;T Cl;ba nghk;kyhl;lf; FOtpdiug; ghuhl;LNthk;.

tphpthdk;/Jizg;ghlk; neLtpdhf;fs; (tpdh vz;: 44)

1. GaypNy xU Njhzp fijapy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s tUzidfSk; mLf;Fj;
njhlu;fSk; xypf;Fwpg;Gr; nrhw;fSk; Gaypy;> Njhzp gLk;ghl;il vt;thW
tptupf;fpd;wd?
GaypNy xU Njhzp – g.rpq;fhuk;
t.vz;. Fwpg;Gr; rl;lfk;
1 Kd;Diu
2 tUzid
3 mLf;Fj;njhlu;
4 xypf;Fwpg;Gr; nrhw;fs;
5 Njhzp gLk;ghL
6 KbTiu

1. Kd;Diu
GaypNy xU Njhzp fijapy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s tUzidfSk; mLf;Fj;
njhlu;fSk; xypf;Fwpg;Gr; nrhw;fSk; Gaypy;> Njhzp gLk;ghl;ilg; gw;wp
,f;fl;Liuapy; RUf;fkhfTk;> njspthfTk; fhz;Nghk;.
2. tUzid:
➢ Nkfg;nghjpfs; jpuz;ld
➢ kpd;dy; fPw;Wfs; thidg; gpse;jd

41
 ➢ thdk; gpse;J jP ff;fpaJ
➢ thdk; cile;J nts;sk; nfhl;baJ

3. mLf;Fj; njhlu;
➢ nehW nehW
➢ eLeLq;fp
➢ FjpFjpj;J
➢ fpWfpWj;J
➢ fiu! fiu! fiu

4. xypf;Fwpg;Gr; nrhw;fs;
➢ Fk;kpUl;L
➢ FUl;bUl;L
➢ fliy mbf;fpwJ
➢ Kdfy;
➢ ,b Kof;fk;

5. Njhzp gLk;ghL
• ,j;jifa tUzidAk;> mLf;Fj; njhlu;fSk;> xypf;Fwpg;Gr; nrhw;fSk;
GaypNy Njhdp gLk;ghl;il mofha; tptupf;fpd;wd.

6. KbTiu
GaypNy xU Njhzp fijapy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s tUzidfSk; mLf;Fj;
njhlu;fSk; xypf;Fwpg;Gr; nrhw;fSk; Gaypy;> Njhzp gLk;ghl;ilg; gw;wp
,f;fl;Liuapy; RUf;fkhfTk;> njspthfTk; fz;Nlhk;.

2. md;dka;ah vd;Dk; ngaUf;Fk; mthpd; nraYf;Fk; cs;s nghUj;jg;

ghl;bidf; Nfhgy;yGuj;J kf;fs; fijg;gFjp nfhz;L tpthpf;f.
Kd;Diu
• fpuhkj;J kf;fspd; tpUe;Njhk;gy; gw;wp fp.uh[ehuhazd; vOjpa fij.

md;dka;ah – ngah;gn
; ghUj;jk;
• md;dka;ah xU thypgid mioj;J te;jhh;. mtd; fLk; grpapy; ,Ue;jhd;.
• md;dka;ah fyaj;jpy; ,Ue;j ePj;Jg;ghfj;ij tbj;Jf; nfhLj;jhh;.
• te;jtd; md;dka;ahtpd; ngaiuf; Nfl;L “vd;d xU ngah;g;nghUj;jk;” vd;whd;.
• mg;gbNa rpwpJ Neuk; J}q;fpdhd;.
• kjpa czTf;Fg; gpd; kPz;Lk; J}q;fpdhd;.

epiwTiu
• md;dka;ahtpd; nraYf;Fk; ngaUf;Fk; nghUj;jkhf cs;sJ.

42
3. “fw;if ed;Nw fw;if ed;Nw gpr;irGfpDk; fw;if ed;Nw” vd;fpwJ
ntw;wpNtw;if. NkhpaplkpUe;J gwpf;fg;gl;l Gj;jfk;> mr;rpWkpapd; tho;f;ifapy;
fy;tpr;Rliu Vw;wpa fijiag; gw;wpa cq;fspd; fUj;Jf;fis tpthpf;f.
Kd;Diu
• NkhpaplkpUe;J gwpf;fg;gl;l Gj;jfk;> mr;rpWkpapd; tho;fi; fapy; fy;tpr;Rliu
Vw;wpa fij.
Gjpa ek;gpf;if
• Nkhp gUj;jpf; fhl;by; Ntiy nra;Ak; Vior; rpWkp.
• Nkhpapd; FLk;gj;jpy; ahUk; gbf;ftpy;iy.
• xUehs; jd; jhAld; tpy;rd; tPl;by; nrd;W tpisahbdhs;.
• Nkirapy; ,Ue;j Gj;jfj;ij vLf;Fk;NghJ mq;Fs;s rpWkp> “cdf;Fg; gbf;fj;
njhpahJ” vd;whs;.
• Nkhpf;F mtkhdkhf ,Ue;jJ. gbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zk; te;jJ.
• kp]; tpy;rd; vd;gthpd; cjtpahy; Nkhp gbf;fr; nrd;whs;.
• Nky;gbg;G gbf;fr; nry;Yk;NghJ CNu tho;j;jp mDg;gpaJ.
epiwTiu
• “fw;if ed;Nw fw;if ed;Nw gpr;irGfpDk; fw;if ed;Nw” vd;fpwJ
ntw;wpNtw;if.

4. mofphprhkpapd; “xUtd; ,Uf;fpwhd;”; rpWfijapy; kdpjj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk;

fij khe;jh; Fwpj;J vOJf.
Kd;Diu
• mofphprhkpapd; “xUtd; ,Uf;fpwhd;”; rpWfijapy; kdpjj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jk;
fij khe;jh; tPug;gd;.
xUtd; ,Uf;fpwhd;
• Fg;Grhkpapd; ez;gd; tPug;gd;.
• Fg;Grhkp tapw;W typf;F itj;jpak; ghh;ff
; r; nrd;idf;Fr; nrd;whd;.
• gf;fj;jpy; cs;sth;fs; mtid ntWf;fpwhh;fs;.
• tPug;gd; MWKfj;jplk; fbjKk; gzKk; je;JtpLfpwhd;.
• fbjj;jpy;> “cd; epidthf cs;sJ. cd;id Nehpy; ghh;j;jhy; jhd; ehd;
jpd;Dk; NrhW> Nrhwhf ,Uf;Fk;” vd;W vOjpAs;shd;.
• gf;fj;J tPl;Lf;fhuh;> vy;yhUf;Fk; md;G fhl;l xUtd; ,Uf;fpwhd; vd
czh;e;jhh;.
epiwTiu
“fUiz kpf;f cs;sk;> flTs; thOk; ,y;yk;”

5. gha;r;ry; - rpWfij
Kd;Diu
• mDkhh; Ntlkzpe;J ebf;Fk; fiyQiug; gw;wpa fij.
mDkhh; Ntlk;
• xUth; mDkhh; Ntlkzpe;J Fuq;F Nghy; thYld; MLfpwhh;.
• mijf; fz;l rpWtd; moF mt;thNw MLfpwhd;.

43
 • moF MLtijf; fz;l fiyQh; cw;rhf%l;l NkYk; Fjpj;J MLfpwhd;.
• fiyf;F xU thhpR fpilj;jJ vd;W fiyQh; kfpo;r;rp milfpwhh;.
epiwTiu
• CUf;fhf MLk; fiyQd; jd;id kwg;ghd;.
• jd; fz;zPiu %bf; nfhz;L ,d;gk; nfhLg;ghd;.

6. kq;ifauha;g; gpwg;gjw;Nf vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ngz;

rhjidahsh;fs; gw;wp vOJf.
Kd;Diu
• kq;ifauha;g; gpwg;gjw;Nf vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ngz;
rhjidahsh;fs; gw;wpf; fhz;Nghk;.
vk;.v];.Rg;Gyl;Rkp
• cyfk; Nghw;Wk; ,irg; ngz;kzp.
• ngw;w tpUJ ,e;jpa khkzp.
ghy ru];tjp
• VO tajpy; muq;Nfw;wk; nra;j ehl;bag; ngz;kzp.
• ehl;Lg; gz;Zf;F eldkhbg; Gfo; Nrh;j;j fz;kzp.
uh[k; fpU\;zd;
• vspa FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;jth;
• NtUf;F ePh;> FwpQ;rpj; Njd; Nghd;w ehty;fs; vOjpr; rpwe;jth;.
epiwTiu
• ngz;fs; ehl;bd; fz;fs;.

nghJf;fl;Liu (tpdh vz;.45)

1. “rhd;Nwhh; tsh;j;j jkpo;”; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu tiuf.

Kd;Diu
• rhd;Nwhh; tsh;j;j jkpo; gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.
jkpof vy;iy
• Fkhpf; fly; KidiaAk; Ntq;fl kiyiaAk; vy;iyahff; nfhz;lJ.
jkpod;id
• njd;dth; jpUehl;bw;Fg; Gfo; Njbj;je;j ngUik> jifrhy; jkpod;idiar;
rhUk;.
• vopy;Nrh; fd;dpaha; vd;Wk; jpfo;fpwhs;.
rhd;Nwhh; tsh;j;j jkpo;
• gps;isj;jkpo; Ngrp> rjfk; rikj;J> guzpghb> fyk;gfk; cz;L> cyhte;J>
me;jhjp $wp> Nfhit ahj;J> mzpahfg; G+l;b> mo$l;b> mfk;kpf kfpo;e;jdh;
nre;ehg;Gyth;fs;.
epiwTiu
• jkpio tsh;ff ; ek;khy; ,ad;wijr; nra;Nthk;.

44
2. tpz;ntspAk; fy;gdh rht;yhTk;
Kd;Diu
• tpz;ntspapy; rhjpj;j tPug; ngz; fy;gdh rht;yh.
,sikAk; fy;tpAk;
• fy;gdh rht;yh 1961-,y;; `hpahdh khepyj;jpy; gpwe;jhh;.
• muRg; gs;spapy; Muk;gf;fy;tpia Kbj;jhh;.
Kjy; tpz;ntspg;gazk;
• tpkhdg; gapw;rpfs; Kbe;J tpz;ntsp tPuhq;fidahfj; jFjpngw;whh;.
• 1997-,y; Kjy; tpz;ntspg;gazk; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;.
,Wjpg;gazk;
• nfhyk;gpah tpz;fyj;jpy; 2003 [dthp 16-Mk; ehs; 6-tpz;ntsp tPuh;fSld;
nrd;whh;.
• G+kpf;Fj; jpUk;Gk;NghJ tpz;fyk; ntbj;jJ. ,JNt ,Wjpg; gazkhFk;.
epiwTiu
• fdit edthf;fpa rhjidg; ngz; fy;gdh rht;yh.
• ek; ehl;bw;Fg; ngUik Nrh;j;jth;.

3. cq;fs; gFjpapy; eilngw;w muRg; nghUl;fhl;rpf;Fr; nrd;W te;j epfo;itf;

fl;Liuahf;Ff.
Kd;Diu
• midthpd; kdijAk; ftUk; ,lk; nghUl;fhl;rpahFk;.
• mijg; gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.
muq;Ffs;
• nghJg;gzp> fhty;> Rw;Wyh> Ntshz;ik vdg; gy Jiw rhh;e;j muq;Ffs;
,Ue;jd.
mq;fhbfs;
• tPl;L cgNahfg; nghUl;fs;> tpisahl;Lg; nghUs;fs; vdg; gy mq;fhbfs;
,Ue;jd.
nghOJNghf;F
• CQ;ry;> uhl;bdk;> Nga; tPL> ePh; tpisahl;L vdg; nghOJNghf;F mk;rq;fs;
cs;sd.
czT muq;Ffs;
• cztfk;> ,dpg;gfk;> mg;gsf; filfs; nghUl;fhl;rpapy; Rit $l;bd.
epiwTiu
• nghUl;fhl;rpf;Fr; nrd;W te;jJ kpfTk; kfpo;r;rpahf ,Ue;jJ.

4. Kd;Diu – rpf;fdKk; rpWNrkpg;Gk; - Nrkpg;Gg;gw;wpa gonkhopfs; - Nrkpf;Fk;

topfs; - Nrkpg;gpd; gad;fs; - KbTiu.
Fwpg;Gr; rl;lk;
Kd;Diu
rpf;fdKk; rpWNrkpg;Gk;
Nrkpg;Gg; gw;wpa gonkhopfs;
Nrkpf;Fk; topfs;

45
 Nrkpg;gpd; gad;fs;
KbTiu

Kd;Diu
• rpf;fdKk; rpWNrkpg;Gk;>
• Nrkpg;Gg; gw;wpa gonkhopfs;>
• Nrkpf;Fk; topfs;>
• Nrkpg;gpd; gad;fs;
Mfpait gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;Nghk;.
rpf;fdKk; rpWNrkpg;Gk;
• ehk;; gzj;ijr; rpf;fdkhfr; nrytpl Ntz;Lk;.
• ek; gps;isfSf;Fk; nrhy;ypf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Nrkpg;Gg; gw;wpa gonkhopfs;
• rpf;fdk; ehl;ilf; fhf;Fk; - Nrkpg;G tPl;ilf; fhf;Fk;.
• rpWJsp ngUnts;sk;.
Nrkpf;Fk; topfs;
• mQ;ryfk;;> tq;fp %yk; Nrkpf;fyhk;.
Nrkpg;gpd; gad;fs;
• Nrkpg;G mtruj; Njitf;Fk; vjph;fhyj; Njitf;Fk; gad;gLfpwJ.
KbTiu
• rpf;fdKk; rpWNrkpg;Gk;>
• Nrkpg;Gg; gw;wpa gonkhopfs;>
• Nrkpf;Fk; topfs;>
• Nrkpg;gpd; gad;fs;
Mfpait gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; fz;Nlhk;.

45. gs;sp Mz;L tpoh kyUf;fhf ePq;fs; E}yfj;jpy; gbj;j fij fl;Liu ftpij
E}yf;fhd kjpg;Giu vOJf.
kjpg;Giu vOJjy;
gukhu;j;jFU fij
Fwpg;Gr; rl;lk;
E}ypd; jiyg;G
E}ypd; ikag; nghUs;
nkhop eil
ntspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;J
E}ypd; eak;
E}ypd; fl;likg;G
rpwg;Gf;$W

1. E}ypd; jiyg;G:
kjpg;Giu vOJtjw;F vLj;Jf; nfhz;l E}ypd; jiyg;G gukhu;j;jFU fij.

46
2. E}ypd; ikag;nghUs;
Ie;J rPlu;fs; FUtplk; itj;Js;s Kul;L gf;jpia fijahf itj;jpUg;gJk;>
tpopg;Gzu;Tld; nray;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; ikag; nghUshf nfhz;Ls;sJ
gukhu;j;j FUfij.

3. nkhopeil
ghkuDf;Fk; Gupfpd;w eifr;Rit fye;j vspa nkhop eilNa ,r;rpWfijapy;
ifahsg;gl;Ls;sJ.

4. ntspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;J
%lek;gpf;if ,d;wp mwpthy; gFj;Jg; ghu;j;Jr; nray;fisr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;
vd;gNj ,f;fij ntspg;gLj;Jk; fUj;jhFk;.

5. E}ypd; eak;
nghJthfNt ,e;E}ypy; tpopg;Gzu;it ikag;gLj;jp E}ypd; eaq;fs;
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

6. E}ypd; fl;likg;G
FOe;ijfs; tpUg;gj;Jld; thrpg;gjw;F Vw;w rpWfij gukhu;j;j FU fijahFk;.

7. rpwg;Gf;$W
tPukhKdptu; ,e;E}iy jukhd nrhw;fshy; ifahz;bUg;gJ jkpOf;F moF
Nru;ff
; pwJ.

8. E}y; Mrpupau;
eifr;Rit epuk;gpa “guhku;j;j FU fij” vd;Dk; E}ypd; Mrpupau; tPukhKdptu;
Mthu;.

46. cq;fs; gs;spapy; eilngWk; ehl;L eyg;gzpj;jpl;l Kfhkpy; njhlf;f tpohtpy;

khztu;fSf;F tho;j;Jiu toq;f ciu xd;iw cUthf;fpj; jUf.

tho;j;Jiu
ehl;bw;fhfTk; r%f eyg;gzpf;fhfTk;> jpahfk; nra;a ehl;L eyg;gzpj;jpl;l
Kfhkpy; fye;J nfhz;l khztu;fSf;F Kjw;fz; vd; tho;j;Jfis toq;fp
ciuiaj; njhlq;FfpNwd;.
ehl;L eyg;gzpj;jpl;lk; vd;gJ ehk; thOk; ,lj;ijAk; Rw;Wr;#oiyAk;
J}a;ikahfTk;> Rfhjhuj;NjhLk; itj;Jf; nfhs;s mwpTWj;JfpwJ.
,jd; %yk; khztu;fSf;F ehl;Lg;gw;W> r%f mf;fiw> njhz;Ls;sk;
tsUfpd;wd.
,e;j CUf;Fj; Njitahd mbg;gil trjpfis ,e;j xU thuj;jpy; ePq;fs;
mikj;Jj;ju cs;sPu;fs;. ,J xU kfj;jhd Nrit. ,e;j Kfhk; KbAk; NghJ
ePq;fs; kdpjNeak; kpf;ftu;fsha; ,Ug;gPu;fs; vd;gJ cWjp.
vt;tpj gyidAk; vjpu;ghuhky; fsk; fz;l ,sk; fhisaNu! cly; jsuhJ
cs;sKk; RUq;fhJ RWRWg;gha; gzp nra;a tho;j;JfpNwd;.
ed;wp!

47
47. gs;sp tshfj;jpy; eilg;ngw;w kuk; eL tpohTf;F te;jpUe;j rpwg;G
tpUe;jpdUf;Fk; ngw;NwhUf;Fk; gs;spapd; gRikg; ghJfhg;Gg; gil rhu;ghf
ed;wpAiu.
ed;wpAiu
vk; gs;spapd; gRikg; ghJfhg;Gg; gilapd; rhu;ghf nfhz;lhbf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;G tpohtpw;F tUif je;jpUf;Fk; midtUf;Fk; ed;wp!
vk; miog;gpw;fpzq;f gy mYty;fSf;F kj;jpapYk; jd; Neuj;ij vq;fSf;fhf
xJf;fpj; je;J ,t;tpohit rpwg;G nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; tdr;ruf mYtyu;
mtu;fSf;F vk; ed;wpia cupj;jhf;Ffpd;Nwd;.
mJ kl;Lkpd;wp> kuk; eLtjw;Fj; Njitahd kuf;fd;Wfisj; je;J cjtpajw;Fk;
vq;fs; ed;wpiaj; njuptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;.
tpohitr; rpwg;gpf;f tUif je;jpUf;Fk; ngw;Nwhu;fSf;Fk;> vk;ik Cf;Ftpj;j
jiyik Mrpupau;fF ; k;> Mrpupag; ngUkf;fSf;Fk; mikjp fhj;j ez;gu;fSf;Fk; vk;
gRikg; ghJfhg;Gg; gil rhu;ghf ed;wp kyu;fisf; fhzpf;ifahf;fp tpilngWfpNwd;.
,aw;ifia Nerpg;Nghk;!
kuq;fisg; ghJfhg;Nghk;!!
ed;wp! tzf;fk;!

nrhw;fspy; kiwe;Js;s njhiffis milahsk; fz;L njhlupy; mikf;f

,d;nrhy;> vOfjpu;> fPupghk;G> G+q;Foy; te;jhs;> kiytho;thu;> Kj;Jg;gy;
1 ,d;nrhy; gz;Gj;njhif ,dpikahdnrhy; $Wjy; rhd;Nwhu;f;F moF
2 vOfjpu; tpidj;njhif Fspu;fhy vOfjpu; fz;Zf;F tpUe;J
3 fPupghk;G ck;ikj;njhif mz;zDk; jk;gpAk; fPupAk; ghk;Gk; Nghy
rz;ilapl;ldu;.
4 G+q;Foy; md;nkhopj; New;W khiyapy; G+q;Foy; te;jhs;
te;jhs; njhif
5 kiy tho;tu; Ntw;Wikj; FwpQ;rp epy kf;fs; kiy tho;thu; Mtu;
njhif
6 Kj;Jg;gy; ctikj;njhif KfpyDf;F Kj;Jg; Nghd;w gw;fs; cs;sd

48
 nrhy;Yk; nghUSk;
1. njd;dd; - ghz;bad; 1. jhs; - mbtif
2. fdp - gok; 2. ntq;fop - fha;e;j jhtuk;
3. khz;G - ngUik 3. Njhif - ,iy tif
4. ghg;gj;J - gj;Jg;ghl;L 4. mUk;G - G+tpd; epiy
,ay;-1
1. Kj;jkpo; - ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk;
2. mzpfyd; - tzpff;fg;gy;> Ik;ngUq;fhg;gpak;
3. Kr;rq;fk; - Kjy;> ,il> fil
4. Kr;rq;F - ntz;rq;F> ryQ;ryk;> ghQ;rrd;ak;
1. thrid - eWkzk; 1. nfhz;ly; - fpof;F
2. g;uhzu]k; - capu;tsp 2. Nfhil - Nkw;F
3. yaj;Jld; - rPuhf 3. thil - tlf;F
4 kayWj;J - kaq;fr; nra;J 4. njd;wy; - njw;F
,ay;-2
1. tis, - tise;J
2. NfhL - kiy
3. vopyp - Nkfk;
4. ngz;bu; - kfspu;
1. rPtykhwd; - mjptPuuhkghz;bau; 1. fLk;G - Rw;wk;
2. ghz;baehL - nfhw;if 2. gLfu; - gs;sk;
3. njd;fhrp - rptd;Nfhtpy; 3. capupak; - $j;ju;
4. Kfkd; - Gfo;r;rpr;nrhy; 4. nghk;ky; - NrhW
,ay;-3
1. Kfe;jpupe;J Nehf;ff; FioAk; tpUe;J - jpUf;Fws;
2. kUe;Nj MapDk; tpUe;NjhL cd; - nfhd;iw Nte;jd;
3. my;ypy; MapDk; tpUe;Jtupd; ctf;Fk; - ew;wpiz
4. tpUe;njjpu; NfhlYk; ,oe;j vd;id - rpyg;gjpfhuk;

1. thl;rd; - fzpdp 1. Cop - Afk;

2. Ntu;L];kpj; - nkd;nghUs; 2. tpRk;G - thdk;
,ay;-4
3. ngg;gu; - ,ae;jpu kdpjd; 3. tsp - fhw;W
4. ,yh - ciuahL nkd;nghUs; 4. gPL - rpwg;G

1. rjk; - E}W 1. KdpT - rpdk;

2. kUs; - kaf;fk; 2. jhu; - khiy
,ay;-5
3. njUs; - njspT 3. ftup - rpd;dk;
4. Mtp - capu; 4. jku; - cwtpdu;
1. gpugQ;rk; - cyfk; 1. gz;b - tapW
2. rhe;jk; - midjp 2. Ejy; - new;wp
3. Ez;ik - $u;ikahd 3. #kdp - cly;
4. njhLj;jy; - Nru;j;jy; 4. #op - cr;rp
,ay;-6
1. nfhz;ly; - Nkfk;
2. jpiu - miy
3. Kfpy; - Nkfk;
4. Ntok; - ahid

49
 1. tpop - gad; 1. cUtk; - tbtk;
2. nka; - mUs; 2. ik - ,Us;
3. nkhop - nghUs; 3. kUs; - kaf;fk;
4. E}y; - gDty; 4. ifj;jhahu; - nrtpypj;jha;
,ay;-7
1. fpop - Jzp
2. Jfpu; - gtsk;
3. J}R - gl;L
4. fz;zk; - eWkzg;nghb
1. rhsuk; - rd;dy;
2. rhak; - tu;zk;
,ay;-8
3. Xa;T - jsu;T
4. GOjp - kz;J}s;
1. Gjpa ghu;it - ,jo; 1. Gjpa ghu;it - ,jo;
2. KfkJ u/gp - eh$u; &gp 2. KfkJ u/gp - eh$u; &gp
3. VohtJ Rit – ftpij 3. VohtJ Rit – ftpij
4. fg;gYf;Fg; Nghd kr;rhd; - Gjpdk; 4. fg;gYf;Fg; Nghd kr;rhd; - Gjpdk;
1. rpWfij kd;dd; - n[afhe;jd;
2. up\p%yk; - FWk;Gjpdk;
,ay;-9 3. cd;idg;Nghy; xUtd; - FbauRj; jiytu; tpUJ
4. CUf;F E}W Ngu; - rpwe;j rpdpkh tpUJ
1. Kfe;jpupe;J Nehf;ff; FioAk; tpUe;J - jpUf;Fws;
2. kUe;Nj MapDk; tpUe;NjhL cz; - nfhd;iw Nte;jd;
3. my;ypy; MapDk; tpUe;Jtupd; ctf;Fk; - ew;wpiz
4. tpUe;njjpu; NfhlYk; ,oe;j vd;id - rpyg;gjpfhuk;

50
 fiyr; nrhw;fs;
,ay; -1 ,ay; -2
Vowel capnuOj;J Storm Gay;
Monolingual xU nkhop Land Breeze epyf;fhw;W
Consonant nka;naOj;J Tornado #whtsp
Conversation ciuahly; Sea Breeze flw;fhw;W
Homograph xg;ngOj;J Tempest ngUq;fhw;W
Discussion fye;Jiuahly; Whirlwind Roy;fhw;W

,ay; -3 ,ay; -4
Classical Literature nrt;tpyf;fpak; Nanotechnology kPEz;njhopy;El;gk;
Epic Literature fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak; Space Technology tpz;ntspj; njhopy;El;gk;
Devotional Literature gf;jp ,yf;fpak; Biotechnology capupj; njhopy;El;gk;
Ancient Literature gz;ila ,yf;fpak; Cosmic rays tpz;ntspf; fjpu;fs;
Regional Literature tl;lhu ,yf;fpak; Ultraviolet rays Gw Cjhf;fjpu;fs;
Folk Literature ehl;Lg;Gw ,yf;fpak; Infrared rays mfr;rptg;Gf; fjpu;fs;
Modern Literature etPd ,yf;fpak;

,ay; -5 ,ay; -6
Emblem rpd;dk; Aesthetics mofpay;> KUfpay;
Intellectual mwpthsu; Terminology fiyr;nrhy;
Thesis Ma;NtL Artifacts fiyg; gilg;Gfs;
Symbolism FwpaPl;bay; Myth njhd;kk;

,ay; -7 ,ay; -8
Consulate Jizj;J}jufk; Belief ek;gpf;if
Guild tzpff;FO Philosopher nka;apayhsu;
Patent fhg;Gupik Renaissance kWkyu;rr
; p
Irrigation ghrdk; Revivalism kPl;LUthf;fk;
Document Mtzk;
Territory epyg;gFjp

,ay;-9
Humanism kdpjNeak;
Cultural Boundaries gz;ghl;L vy;iy
Cabinet mikr;ruit
Cultural Values gz;ghl;L tpOkpaq;fs;

51
 ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G
gz;Gj;njhif %J}u; - ed;nkhop – nre;jp
tpidj;njhif cWJau; - tsu;thdk; - gapy;njhopy; - fha;kzp – ca;Kiw
cupr;nrhy; njhlu; jlf;if
njhopw;ngau;fs; tpaj;jy; - Nehf;fy; - vOJjy; - ciuj;jy; - nrg;gy; -
,Uj;jy;
nrhy;ypir msngilfs; mir, - nfoP,
nra;Aspir msngilfs; g&cf; - F&cf;fz;
mLf;Fj; njhlu; Co;Co;
<Wnfl;l vjpu;kiw thuh (xd;wd;)
nganur;rk;
tpidahyizAk; ngau; Nfs;tpapdhd;
vz;Zk;ik fhlDf;Fk; fgpyDf;Fk; - Fz;lyKk; FiofhJk; -
tz;zKk; Rz;zKk;
Ntw;Wikj;njhif nka;Kiw
%d;whk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif ifnjhOJ
%d;whk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; xifKiw
gaDk; cld;njhf;f njhif
tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W MLf
tpfhuk; fhf;nfd;W fhf;fntd;W vd;gjd; njhFj;jy; tpfhuk;
,ilFiw fzPu; (fz;zPu;)

52