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CHAPTER 1: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY VIEW OF HEALTH
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the story of Winston?

a. He was distraught and depressed about his recent diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
b. He considered himself to be in excellent health despite having multiple sclerosis.
c. He was determined to find a cure for his illness.
d. He considered his life over due to the fact that he had multiple sclerosis.
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 2
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
2. Benjamin has just been diagnosed with a chronic illness. His physician informs Benjamin that
this means
a. He has a short-term illness.
b. He has a type of mental health diagnosis.
c. He has an easily treatable illness that will not last more than 1 month.
d. He has a long-term and persistent illness.
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 2
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Test Bank for Health Psychology: An Interdisciplinary Approach, 1 st Edition
3. Physiological state refers to

a. An individual’s ability to physically perform daily functions without limitations or
restrictions.
b. An individual’s ability to mentally perform daily functions without limitations or
restrictions.
c. An individual’s degree of spiritual beliefs necessary for health and well-being.
d. An individual’s degree of psychological health and well-being.
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 2-3
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual

Chapter 1: An Interdisciplinary View of Health
4. Theoretical perspectives on health

a. Rarely deviate from the physiological aspects of disease and illness.
b. Always include one’s emotional state about disease and illness.
c. Often include the presence or absence of disease as well as one’s attitude about illness or
disease.
d. Tend to be the same for all people.
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 2-3
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Conceptual
5. Holistic health is influenced by

a. Physiological factors.
b. Psychological factors.
c. Emotional and social factors.
d. All of the above
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 3
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
6. _____ is credited with being the first person to recognize the effect of emotions on one’s health.
a. Hippocrates
b. Descartes
c. Socrates
d. Aristotle
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 3
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
7. The author of the textbook characterized Winston’s viewpoints about his multiple sclerosis as
being most closely related to
a. The physiological approach to illness.
b. The spiritual approach to illness.
c. The holistic approach to illness.
d. The emotional approach to illness.
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 3
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied

3
8. Factors that influence health outcomes are called

a. Principle concepts.
b. Ecological factors.
c. Determinants of health.
d. Cultural variants.
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 3
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
9. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. Several theoretical perspectives exist to describe health and wellness.
b. The holistic viewpoint of health focuses primarily on four determinants.
c. Family and cultural traditions have little, if any, relation to one’s health.
d. The concept of health has changed throughout the years.
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 3
Topic: B-Heading
10. How does the social ecological approach to health differ from the holistic approach?
a. The holistic approach does not include psychological determinants of health.
b. The social ecological approach does not include psychological determinants of health.
c. The social ecological approach is comprised of only four determinants of health, whereas
the holistic approach consists of six determinants.
d. The social ecological model is the only approach that includes health systems and health
policy as health determinants.
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 3
Topic: B-Heading
11. Native American and southern African cultures have a history of incorporating the use of _____
in their health practices.
a. Chemistry
b. Botany
c. Psychology
d. Physiology
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 3
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual

12. “Modern” concepts of health have been traced back as early as the
a. First century B.C.E.
b. Second century B.C.E.
c. Third century B.C.E.
d. Fourth century B.C.E.
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 5
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
13. The importance of clean water as a health determinant was evident in the early cultures of
a. The Indus Valley region (now called Pakistan).
b. Europe.
c. Australia.
d. Japan.
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 5
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
14. Health policies are used to guide

a. Access to clean water.
b. Family and cultural influences on health.
c. Spiritual well-being.
d. All of the above
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 5
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
15. The mind-body connection developed by Hippocrates was referred to as

a. Daoist philosophy.
b. Cnidian theory.
c. Botanical theory.
d. Humoral theory.
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 6
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied

5
16. John strongly believes that “Qi” is an important component of health. Which theoretical
perspective is John likely to follow?
a. Humoral theory
b. Daoist philosophy
c. Aesculapian theory
d. Cnidian theory
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 7
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
17. Evidence of ancient Egyptian beliefs about the body and circulatory system were demonstrated
through
a. Various rituals, including the mummification process.
b. Meticulously drawn nutrition pyramids.
c. The writings of Socrates and Galen.
d. “Qi” and similar concepts of balance.
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 6-7
Topic: B-Heading
18. Daoist philosophy influences modern day

a. Biopsychosocial viewpoints.
b. Traditional medical practices.
c. Psychological practices.
d. Chinese traditional medicine.
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 7
Topic: B-Heading
19. Aesculapian theory challenged the beliefs of

a. Native Americans.
b. Hippocrates.
c. Descartes.
d. Early Europeans.
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 7
Topic: B-Heading

20. _____ emphasized spiritual intervention and mediation of priests.

a. Aesculapian theory
b. Cnidian theory
c. Holistic theory
d. Humoral theory
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 7
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
21. The World Health Organization defines health as

a. The physiological state of one’s body.
b. A state of complete, physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of
diseases or infirmity.
c. The absence of illness and disease.
d. The harmonic balance of spirituality and emotional well-being.
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 8 (Table 1.1)
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
22. _____ associated illness with physical disease and denied the influence of spiritual and emotional
well-being.
a. Daoist philosophy
b. Cnidian theory
c. Humoral theory
d. Holistic theory
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 7
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
23. Hippocrates believed that diseases causing imbalance were located in the _____, whereas Galen
believed diseases were located in the
a. Organs; bodily fluids.
b. Organs; brain.
c. Bodily fluids; organs.
d. Brain; organs.
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 7
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied

7
24. Galen’s views of health were more _____-based than those of Hippocrates.
a. Psychologically
b. Physiologically
c. Spiritually
d. Emotionally
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 7
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
25. Judy is interested in a career where she can study plants and plant life. Which of the following
sciences would be the best match for Judy?
a. Botany
b. Ecology
c. Biology
d. Psychology
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 7
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
26. Material medica refers to

a. The medicinal properties of plants.
b. The medical aspects of health and well-being.
c. The importance of medicine in treating mental health conditions.
d. The medical terminology associated with holistic care.
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 7
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
27. Pharmacology is most closely associated with the ancient practice of using _____ to treat illness.
a. Spiritual advisors
b. Material medica
c. Art and music
d. Religious rituals
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 7
Topic: B-Heading

28. Which of the following early civilizations has NOT been associated with material medica?
a. Mesoamerican cultures
b. Chinese cultures
c. Southern African cultures
d. European cultures
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 7
Topic: B-Heading
29. A historian is interested in learning about the ancient medical practices of a particular culture;
however, there are no written records for him to review. According to the textbook, one of the
primary means of obtaining information about ancient health practices when written records are
unavailable is through
a. Musical lyrics.
b. Taped recordings.
c. Artwork and artifacts.
d. Studying past rituals.
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 10 (Box 1.1)
Topic: B-Heading
30. Steve is an “ethnopharmacologist”; therefore, he is responsible for studying

a. The medical guidelines set forth by the Federal Drug Administration.
b. The medical practices used in holistic environments.
c. The pharmacological guidelines used by the government.
d. The medicinal practices of different cultures.
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
31. According to the textbook, early Ethiopian cultures utilized pendants as

a. Nail files.
b. Nail cleaners.
c. Ear cleaners.
d. Thermometers.
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual

9
32. Religious beliefs shaped health concepts in some European cultures, most notably during the
a. Middle or “Dark” Ages.
b. Renaissance period.
c. Rise of the Roman Empire.
d. British Invasion.
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 11
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
33. _____ caused a large decline in the Roman population during the years 541–588 CE.
a. Mental illness
b. HIV/AIDS
c. Flooding
d. Pandemics
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 11
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
34. Early civilizations believed that plagues were caused by

a. Bacteria.
b. Demons.
c. Weather.
d. Locusts.
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 11
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
35. Who was responsible for healing the spiritual afflictions believed to be the cause of disease
during the Roman Empire?
a. Priests
b. Pharmacists
c. Philosophers
d. Chemists
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 11
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied

36. Lisa is developing a lesson plan about the two Plagues of Justinian. She will inform her students
that these _____ took place in Rome in mid-500 CE.
a. Viruses
b. Locust attacks
c. Pandemics
d. Allergic reactions
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 11
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
37. The haemorrhagic plague killed over 25 million people within 2 years. This plague has also been
referred to as
a. “Spanish Flu.”
b. “Black Death.”
c. “Typhus.”
d. “Cholera.”
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 11
Topic: B-Heading
38. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Renaissance period?
a. The concept of illness was viewed as a punishment for evil behaviors.
b. Physicians believed diseases were caused by spiritual factors.
c. It was called the “Renaissance” period because there were no plagues during this time.
d. Scholars began studying the scientific aspects of the human body again.
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 11
Topic: B-Heading
39. The director of a hospital has followed appropriate guidelines and issued a quarantine due to a
possible viral contaminant. This is an example of a
a. Health policy.
b. Cultural policy.
c. Biological policy.
d. Physiological policy.
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 11
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied

11
40. One of the primary means in which diseases were transmitted during the Renaissance period was
through
a. Farming.
b. Religious rituals.
c. Maritime voyages.
d. Psychiatric institutions.
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 11-12
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
41. Which of the following is NOT considered a determinant of health?

a. Social environment
b. Procedural guidelines
c. Health policies
d. Psychological environment
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 12
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
42. Public health policies were developed by the early _____ in the United States of America.
a. 1700s
b. 1800s
c. 1900s
d. 2000s
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 12
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
43. Public health policies in the United States were initially developed to
a. Create guidelines for hospital admission procedures.
b. Assign individuals to health care systems.
c. Control contagious diseases such as yellow fever and smallpox.
d. Advise political leaders about the effects of health conditions on the environment.
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 12
Topic: B-Heading

44. _____ is the study of the origins and spread of disease.

a. Ecology
b. Botany
c. Ethnopharmacology
d. Epidemiology
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 12
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
45. Tyrone is reading about early contributors of the mind/body connection as it relates to health.
Which early contributor is Tyrone most likely to read about?
a. Wilhelm Wundt
b. Abraham Maslow
c. Carl Rogers
d. Sigmund Freud
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 12
Topic: B-Heading
46. _____ proposed that physiological illnesses can have psychological causes.
a. Sigmund Freud
b. Galen
c. Ancient Roman emperors
d. Early Catholic clergy
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 12
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
47. The development of the field of “psychosomatic medicine” was a result of

a. Research on the mind-body connection.
b. Guidelines established by the American Medical Association.
c. An accumulation of years of psychological research.
d. Clergy seeking alternatives to medicine.
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 12
Topic: B-Heading

13
48. John’s physician diagnosed him with a psychosomatic illness, which indicates there may be a(n)
_____ link to his illness.
a. Chemical
b. Psychological
c. Spiritual
d. Environmental
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 12
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
49. Freud’s research on psychosomatic illnesses was based in part on his

a. Childhood upbringing.
b. Mother’s viewpoints.
c. Intuitions.
d. Years of scientific research.
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 13
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
50. Which factor contributed to the loss of support for the mind-body connection?
a. The belief that psychosomatic illnesses were contrived or made up.
b. The notion that psychosomatic illnesses could not be treated with medication.
c. The deaths of the primary supporters of this theory.
d. The development of new medications designed to treat physical ailments.
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 13
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
51. Madeleine has the same beliefs about health as the World Health Organization (WHO); therefore,
she believes that
a. Health is simply the result of disease.
b. Health is the result of psychological and physiological factors.
c. Health is a direct result of one’s spiritual beliefs.
d. Health is unrelated to social factors.
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 13
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied

52. Which model of health is viewed as the fundamental building block for the practice of medicine
in Western cultures?
a. The physiological model
b. The sociological model
c. The biopsychosocial model
d. The biomedical model
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 13
Topic: B-Heading
53. The late _____ century marked a shift in ideas from spiritual forces causing disease to the belief
that germs caused disease and illness.
a. 17th
b. 18th
c. 19th
d. 20th
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 13
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
54. _____ is credited with being the first person to link bacteria to certain diseases.
a. Alexander Fleming
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Robert Koch
d. Marie Curie
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 13
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
55. Which of the following is a criticism of the biomedical model of health?

a. It is not focused enough on medicinal treatments for diseases.
b. It does not take into account emotional and social factors linked to disease.
c. It does not recognize that microorganisms cause disease.
d. It does not recognize the influence of physiological factors on disease.
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 13
Topic: B-Heading

15
56. Miguel adheres to the biopsychosocial model of health. In other words, he believes that
a. Health is determined by genetic factors.
b. Health is the result of multiple factors.
c. Health is the direct result of one’s environment.
d. Health is predetermined at birth.
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 14
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
57. The _____ model of health was one of the first models to recognize that health is not determined
strictly by biological causes; rather, it is a combination of several different factors.
a. Ecological
b. Psychological
c. Sociological
d. Biopsychosocial
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 14
Topic: B-Heading
58. Research on the relationship between _____ and _____ has provided the clearest evidence of the
association between emotional factors and negative physiological effects.
a. Stress; illness
b. Stress; socioeconomic status
c. Spiritual beliefs; stress
d. Environmental factors; stress
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 14
Topic: B-Heading
59. _____ proposed the biopsychosocial model of health in 1972.

a. Engel
b. Freud
c. Galen
d. Lazarus
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 14
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied

60. One of the biggest criticisms of the biopsychosocial model of health is that
a. The model does not account for variables other than social determinants.
b. The core foundation is too spiritually-based.
c. The model places too much emphasis on psychological variables.
d. The core foundation is too biologically-based.
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 14
Topic: B-Heading
61. Which of the following statements is TRUE in reference to the biopsychosocial model of health?
a. The model is not accepted by most psychologists.
b. The model does not include spirituality as a factor influencing health.
c. The model is also called the “wellness model.”
d. The model addresses environmental determinants of health such as air quality and
pollutants.
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 15
Topic: B-Heading
62. How does the wellness model of health differ from other models?
a. The wellness model is the only model to include socioeconomic factors as determinants
of health.
b. The wellness model does not include physiological factors related to health.
c. The wellness model includes Daoist philosophic properties.
d. The wellness model includes spirituality and quality-of-life as factors influencing health
outcomes.
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 15
Topic: B-Heading
63. Danette considers her views about the meaning of life as being influential to her overall health.
This idea is most closely related to the _____ model of health.
a. Wellness
b. Biopsychosocial
c. Biomedical
d. Spiritual
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 15
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
17
64. Spirituality has been linked to a reduction in

a. Stress.
b. Physiological illness.
c. Health-enhancing behaviors.
d. All of the above
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 16
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
65. Which of the following would NOT be considered a “health-enhancing behavior”?

a. Getting enough sleep each night
b. Working in places where there is secondhand smoke
c. Walking to school each day
d. Taking a daily multivitamin
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 16
Topic: B-Heading
66. Quality-of-life refers to

a. The idea that life is too short.
b. The notion that one can control their own destiny.
c. One’s level of life satisfaction.
d. One’s belief that they can master any task.
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 16
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
67. Roberto has been diagnosed with cancer. Despite this recent news, he is determined to live life to
its fullest. Roberto has a _____ quality-of-life.
a. Low
b. Moderate
c. High
d. Weak
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 16
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied

68. How many determinants are involved in the ecological model of health?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 17
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
69. Which of the following factors is unique to the social ecological model of health?
a. Physical environment
b. Spiritual beliefs
c. Quality-of-life
d. Socioeconomic status
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 17
Topic: B-Heading
70. Carol works for an agency where she implements regulations to protect the health of the
community. What type of work is she involved with?
a. Health networking
b. Managed care
c. Health organization
d. Health policy
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 17
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
71. _____ are examples of determinants of health related to the physical environment.
a. Places of worship
b. Educational institutions
c. Crime and violence
d. Medicinal herbs
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 17
Topic: B-Heading

19
72. The ability to receive timely medical care best fits with the _____ model of health.
a. Ecological
b. Biomedical
c. Wellness
d. Biopsychosocial
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 18
Topic: B-Heading
73. The American Psychological Association’s current definition of health psychology most closely
resembles the definition set forth by
a. Hippocrates.
b. William James.
c. Abraham Maslow.
d. Joseph Matarazzo.
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 18
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
74. Which of the following domains is NOT considered a principal component of the American
Psychological Association’s definition of health psychology?
a. Family and community
b. Cultural traditions
c. Health systems
d. The individual
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 18
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
75. _____ refers to the cause of an illness.

a. Etiology
b. Ethnopharmacology
c. Quality-of-life
d. Botany
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 18
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual

76. The American Psychological Association redefined health psychology in the year
a. 1999.
b. 2000.
c. 2002.
d. 2008.
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 18
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
77. The American Psychological Association’s definition of health most closely fits the _____ model
of health.
a. Wellness
b. Sociocultural
c. Ecological
d. Biomedical
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 18
Topic: B-Heading
78. Determining etiology fulfills the _____ role of health psychologists.

a. Environmental
b. Spiritual
c. Investigative
d. Policy development
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 18
Topic: B-Heading
79. _____ transmit neurochemical messages throughout the body.

a. Biochemicals
b. Genetics
c. Myelin sheaths
d. Nerve fibers
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 19
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual

21
80. One of the functions of the myelin sheath is to

a. Store genetic material.
b. Help speed up message transmission.
c. Transmit genetic traits.
d. Protect the myelin.
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 19
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
81. Winston has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Due to this diagnosis, Winston’s body
has difficulties
a. Transmitting neurochemical messages.
b. Responding to antibiotics.
c. Regulating insulin levels after meals.
d. None of the above
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 19
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
82. The biomedical aspect of multiple sclerosis (MS) is an example of the impact of _____ on one’s
health.
a. Pollutants
b. Spirituality
c. Genetics
d. Environmental determinants
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 19
Topic: B-Heading
83. A scientist is investigating demographic variables related to certain diseases. Which of the
following is NOT considered a demographic variable?
a. Ethnicity
b. Etiology
c. Educational level
d. Occupation
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 19
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied

84. Catherine has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on the most common age
of diagnosis for this disease, there is a high probability she is
a. Under 20 years of age.
b. 20–40 years of age.
c. 40–60 years of age.
d. 60–80 years of age.
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 20
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
85. Research conducted by Sadovnick, Baird, and Ward (1988) has established a strong link between
multiple sclerosis (MS) and
a. First-degree relatives.
b. Second-degree relatives.
c. Uncles and nephews.
d. Aunts and nieces.
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 20
Topic: B-Heading
86. Which of the following is an example of a familial determinant of health?

a. Water quality
b. Neighborhood sanitation
c. Occupational status
d. Genetics
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 20
Topic: B-Heading
87. Conclusive evidence has demonstrated a(n) _____ link with multiple sclerosis (MS).
a. Anthropological
b. Familial
c. Addiction
d. Spiritual
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 20
Topic: B-Heading

23
88. Rich and his five siblings are all smokers. This behavior is considered a(n) _____ determinant of
health.
a. Etiological
b. Psychological
c. Familial
d. Biomedical
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 20
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
89. _____ may help health psychologists understand the influence of family and culture on health.
a. Dental records
b. Daoist philosophers
c. Health policies
d. Medical anthropologists
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 20-22
Topic: B-Heading
90. Environmental determinants refer, in part, to

a. The number of first-degree biological relatives one has.
b. A hostile or friendly environment.
c. Genetic abnormalities.
d. Biomedical diseases.
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 22
Topic: B-Heading
91. Health psychologists are best able to control for physical environmental determinants of health by
implementing
a. Policy initiatives aimed at large populations.
b. Universal health care.
c. Strict guidelines for health care system delivery.
d. Treatment guidelines for primary care physicians.
Correct Answer: a
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 22
Topic: B-Heading

92. Studies have found that insufficient exposure to _____ may increase the risk of developing
multiple sclerosis (MS).
a. fresh air
b. purified water
c. ultraviolet (UV) light
d. exercise
Correct Answer: c
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 23
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
93. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

a. Health policies have little to do with health outcomes.
b. Universal systems of care provide services only if an individual has the financial means
to pay for care.
c. Employment status and/or income have little influence on whether or not an individual
seeks health care.
d. Individual and systems factors affect access to health care.
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 23
Topic: B-Heading
94. Karen advocates for a system that provides free or subsidized health care called
a. Managed care.
b. Universal health care.
c. Health systems care.
d. Health managed care.
Correct Answer: b
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 24
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Applied
95. Health psychologists are employed by

a. Schools.
b. Medical laboratories.
c. Senior citizen centers.
d. All of the above
Correct Answer: d
Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 24
Topic: B-Heading

25
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
1. There are several different viewpoints about what constitutes “good health.”
Correct Answer: True

Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 2
Topic: B-Heading
2. The social ecological model of health is also called the holistic model.
Correct Answer: False

Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 3
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
3. Modern concepts of health have little, if any, influence from ancient cultural viewpoints.

Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 3
Topic: B-Heading
4. The effect of spirituality on health is a relatively new concept.

Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 8-9
Topic: B-Heading
5. Psychosomatic illnesses are often considered invalid or fictitious.

Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 13
Topic: B-Heading
6. The World Health Organization defines health strictly as “the absence or presence of disease.”

Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 13
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual

7. The biopsychosocial model includes physical environmental determinants of health, such as poor
air quality.

Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 14
Topic: B-Heading
8. The wellness model of health is not intended to have religious connotations.

Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 15
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
9. Children raised in unsafe neighborhoods are at greater risk for obesity.

Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 17
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
10. Health systems and health policy are found in most models of health care.

Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 18
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
11. The environment is often considered an etiology of health outcomes.

Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 18
Topic: B-Heading
12. Men are two times more likely to be affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) than women.

Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 20
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual

27
13. Research indicates that smoking may have some effect on multiple sclerosis (MS).

Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 20
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
14. The term “environmental determinants” refers strictly to physical entities such as air, water, or
land.

Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 22
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
15. Studies have found that insufficient exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light increases the risk of
developing multiple sclerosis (MS).

Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 22-23
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Factors that influence health outcomes are called _____.
Correct Answer: determinants of health

Difficulty: 1
Page ref: 3
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
2. Hippocrates is credited with associating _____ with health outcomes.
Correct Answer: the mind and the body

Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 3
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
3. _____ were responsible for a large decrease in population during the Middle Ages.
Correct Answer: Pandemics

Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 11
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
4. During the period of the _____, maritime exploration was instrumental in the spread of many
contagious diseases.
Correct Answer: Renaissance

Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 11-12
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
5. The World Health Organization’s definition of health incorporates the following 4 determinants
of health: _____.
Correct Answer: physical, emotional, psychological, social

Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 13
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
6. The ____ model of health was one of the first to reintroduce the holistic approach to health
outcomes.
Correct Answer: biopsychosocial

Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 14
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual

29
7. List two examples of health-enhancing behaviors: _____
Correct Answer: eating healthy, quitting smoking, moderation in alcohol consumption,

avoiding alcohol or smoking, taking a multivitamin, exercising
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 16
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
8. _____ are defined as the health care delivery organizations that provide means to healthcare.
Correct Answer: Health systems

Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 17
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
9. What are the two primary purposes of the myelin sheath?
Correct Answer: to protect nerve fibers from damage and to speed the transmission of the
neural message
Difficulty: 3
Page ref: 19
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual
10. _____ is the most common neurological disease affecting young adults.
Correct Answer: Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Difficulty: 2
Page ref: 19
Topic: B-Heading
Objective: Factual

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CHAPTER 1: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY VIEW OF HEALTH

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the story of Winston?

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Physiological state refers to

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

4. Theoretical perspectives on health

5. Holistic health is influenced by

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

8. Factors that influence health outcomes are called

9. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

14. Health policies are used to guide

15. The mind-body connection developed by Hippocrates was referred to as

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

18. Daoist philosophy influences modern day

19. Aesculapian theory challenged the beliefs of

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

20. _____ emphasized spiritual intervention and mediation of priests.

21. The World Health Organization defines health as

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

26. Material medica refers to

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30. Steve is an “ethnopharmacologist”; therefore, he is responsible for studying

31. According to the textbook, early Ethiopian cultures utilized pendants as

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

34. Early civilizations believed that plagues were caused by

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

41. Which of the following is NOT considered a determinant of health?

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

44. _____ is the study of the origins and spread of disease.

47. The development of the field of “psychosomatic medicine” was a result of

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

49. Freud’s research on psychosomatic illnesses was based in part on his

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

55. Which of the following is a criticism of the biomedical model of health?

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

59. _____ proposed the biopsychosocial model of health in 1972.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

64. Spirituality has been linked to a reduction in

65. Which of the following would NOT be considered a “health-enhancing behavior”?

66. Quality-of-life refers to

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

75. _____ refers to the cause of an illness.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

78. Determining etiology fulfills the _____ role of health psychologists.

79. _____ transmit neurochemical messages throughout the body.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

80. One of the functions of the myelin sheath is to

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

86. Which of the following is an example of a familial determinant of health?