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Full download Beginning and Intermediate Algebra 6th Edition Lial Solutions Manual file pdf all chapter on 2024
Full download Beginning and Intermediate Algebra 6th Edition Lial Solutions Manual file pdf all chapter on 2024
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2.1 The Addition Property of Equality 89
3. −22 = x +16
Classroom Examples, Now Try Exercises
−22 −16 = x +16 −16 Subtract 16.
1. Note: When solving equations we will write −38 = x
“Add 5” as a shorthand notation for “Add 5 to Check x = −38: − 22 = −22 True
each side” and “Subtract 5” as a notation for
“Subtract 5 from each side.” The solution set is {−38}.
x −12 = −3 Given N3. −15 = x + 12
x −12 +12 = −3 + 12 Add 12. −15 −12 = x + 12 −12 Subtract 12.
x=9 Combine like terms. −27 = x
We check by substituting 9 for x in the original Check x = −27: −15 = −15 True
equation.
The solution set is {−27}.
Check x −12 = −3 Original equation
4. 11z − 9 = 12z
9 −12 =? − 3 Let x = 9.
11z − 9 −11z = 12z −11z Subtract 11z.
−3 = −3 True −9 = z
Since a true statement results, 9 is the Check z = −9 : −108 = −108 True
solution set. The solution set is {−9}.
N1. x −13 = 4 Given N4. x − 5 = 2x
x −13 +13 = 4 +13 Add 13. x − 5 − x = 2x − x Subtract x.
x = 17 Combine like terms. −5 = x Combine terms.
We check by substituting 17 for x in the
original equation. Check x = −5 : −10 = −10 True
7 7 9 7 7
p +1− p= p− p Subtract p.
Since a true statement results, 17 is the
2 2 2 2 2
solution set. 1= p
( ) ( )
solution set.
7. Equations A x 2 − 5x + 6 = 0 and B x 3 = x
14. x − 5 = −7
are not linear equations in one variable because
they cannot be written in the form Ax + B = C. x − 5 + 5 = −7 + 5
r=4
9. x −3 = 9 Checking yields a true statement, so {4} is the
x −3+3 = 9+ 3 solution set.
x = 12
16. x + 7 = 11
Check this solution by replacing x with 12 in
the original equation. x + 7 − 7 = 11− 7
x−3 = 9 x=4
Checking yields a true statement, so {4} is the
12 − 3 =? 9 Let x = 12.
solution set.
9 = 9 True
Because the final statement is true, {12} is the
solution set.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
2.1 The Addition Property of Equality 93
17. x + 28 = 19 23. 2 = p + 15
x + 28 − 28 = 19 − 28 2 −15 = p + 15 −15
x = −9 −13 = p
Checking yields a true statement, so {−9} is The solution set is {−13}.
3 5 5 5
4
5 9
2 1 − + =x
20. x+ =− 15 15
3 6 4
2 2 1 2 =x
x+ − =− − 15
4 5 4 9
3 3 6 3 Check x = :− = − True
1 4
x =− − 15
15 15 15
6 6 4
5 The solution set is .
x =− 15
6
5 1 1 1 2
Check x = − : − = − 28. − = x−
True
6 6 5 6 4 3
1 2 2 2
The solution set is − . − + = x− +
4 3 3 3
6
3 8
− + =x
21. 7 + r = −3 12 12
r + 7 = −3 5
=x
r + 7 − 7 = −3 − 7 12
5 3 5 8
r = −10 Check x = :− = − True
1x = 9 or x = 9
2 7
Check x = 9: 45 = 45 True 41. w−6 =
w
The solution set is {9}. 5 5
2 2 7 2 2
35. 10x + 4 = 9x w − 6 − w = w − w Subtract w.
5 5 5 5 5
10x + 4 − 9x = 9x − 9x Subtract 9x. −6 = w
5
1x + 4 = 0 5
36. 8t + 5 = 7t
42.
2
z−2 =
9
z 47. 1.4x − 3 = 0.4x
7 7 1.4x − 3 − 0.4x = 0.4x − 0.4x
2 2 9 2 2
z −2− z= z− z Subtract z. 1.0x − 3 = 0
7 7 7 7 7 1.0x − 3 + 3 = 0 + 3
7
−2 = z x=3
7 The solution set is {3}.
−2 = z2 9
Check z = − 48. 1.9t − 6 = 0.9t
5 + x − 5 = −11− 5 Subtract 5. x − 6 = 13
x = −16 x − 6 + 6 = 13 + 6 Add 6.
The solution set is {−16}. x = 19
60. 3 − 8x = −9x −1 Check x = 19: 13 = 13 True
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
2.1 The Addition Property of Equality 99
3 − 8x + 9x = −9x −1+ 9x Add 9x. The solution set is {19}.
3 + x = −1
3 + x − 3 = −1− 3 Subtract 3.
x = −4
The solution set is {−4}.
7 7 3 5 7 7 7
x = −4 7 1 4
Check x = −4: − 44 = −44 True x+ = Combine terms.
7 3 5
The solution set is {−4}. 1 1 4 1 1
1x + − = − Subtract .
68. 4x + 3 + 8x +1 = 11x + 2 3 3 5 3 3
12 5
12x + 4 = 11x + 2 x= − LCD = 15
12x + 4 −11x = 11x + 2 −11x 15 15
7
x+4= 2 x=
15
x+4−4 = 2−4 7 2 2
x = −2 Check x = : = True
315 3
Check x = −2: − 20 = −20 True 7
The solution set is {−2}. The solution set is .
15
69. 5.2q − 4.6 − 7.1q = −0.9q − 4.6 72. To solve the equation, follow the simplification
−1.9q − 4.6 = −0.9q − 4.6 steps below.
6 3 4 1 1
−1.9q − 4.6 + 0.9q = −0.9q − 4.6 + 0.9q s− = − s+
−1.0q − 4.6 = −4.6 7 4 5 7 6
6 3 24 1 5
−1.0q − 4.6 + 4.6 = −4.6 + 4.6 s− = − s+ LCD = 30
7 4 30 7 30
−q = 0
6 3 29 1
q=0 s− = − s Add.
7 4 30 7
4 4 30 4 4
2.7 = 2.7 + x 58 45
s= + LCD = 60
2.7 − 2.7 = x + 2.7 − 2.7 60 60
0= x 103
s=
Check x = 0: 2.7 = 2.7 True 60
85. Answers will vary. One example is x − 6 = −8. The solution set is 5.
3. 5.04 = −0.7x 4
z = −16
N5.
5.04 −0.7 x 7 47 7
−0.7 = −0.7 Divide by − 0.7. z = (−16) Multiply by 7.
x = −7.2 4 7 4 4
Check x = −7.2: 5.04 = 5.04 True 7 −16
1 t =
The solution set is −7.2. 4 1
t = −28
N3. 7.02 = −1.3x Check t = −28: −16 = −16 True
7.02
=
−1.3x Divide by −1.3. The solution set is −28.
−1.3 −1.3
x = −5.4 6. − p = −7
Check x = −5.4: 7.02 = 7.02 True
−1 p = −7 − p = −1 p
The solution set is −5.4. (−1)(−1) p = (−1)(−7)
x 1 p = 7
4. = −6
4 p=7
1 Check p = 7: −7 = −7
x = −6 True
5. − t = −12
3 N7. 9n − 6n = 21
3 2 3 3
− − t = − (−12) Multiply by − . 3n = 21 Combine terms.
2 3 2 2
Check t = 18: −12 = −12 True
3 −12
1 t = − The solution set is 18.
2 1
t = 18
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
100 Chapter 2 Linear Equations and Inequalities in One Variable
3n 21
= Divide by 3.
3 3
n=7
Check n = 7: 21 = 21 True
The solution set is 7.
Exercises 1
8. This equation is equivalent to x = 10. To get
1. (a) multiplication property of equality; to get x 100
alone on the left side of the equation, just x on the left side, multiply both sides of the
1 1
multiply each side by (or divide each equation by the reciprocal of , which is 100.
3 100
side by 3). 9. To get just x on the left side, multiply both
9
(b) addition property of equality; to get x alone sides of the equation by the reciprocal of − ,
on the left side of the equation, add −3 (or 2
subtract 3) on each side. 2
which is − .
(c) multiplication property of equality; to get x 9
alone on the left side of the equation,
10. To get just x on the left side, multiply both
multiply each side by −1 (or divide each 8
2. Choice C doesn’t require the use of the 11. This equation is equivalent to −1x = 0.75. To
multiplicative property of equality. After the get just x on the left side, multiply both sides of
equation is simplified, the variable x is alone on the equation by the reciprocal of −1, which
the left side. is −1.
5x − 4x = 7
12. This equation is equivalent −1x = 0.48. To get
x=7 just x on the left side, multiply both sides of the
3 equation by the reciprocal of −1, which is −1.
3. Choice B; to find the solution of −x = − , 1
4 equation by the reciprocal of ,
multiply (or divide) each side by −1, or use the which is 10.
rule “If −x = a, then x = −a. ” 10
4. Choice A; to find the solution of −x = −24,
multiply (or divide) each side of the equation
by −1, or use the rule “If −x = a, then
x = −a. ”
5. To get just x on the left side, multiply both
4
sides of the equation by the reciprocal of ,
5
5
which is .
4
6. To get just x on the left side, multiply both
2
sides of the equation by the reciprocal of ,
3
3
which is .
2
1
7. This equation is equivalent to x = 5. To get
10
just x on the left side, multiply both sides of the
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
102 Chapter 2 Linear Equations and Inequalities in One Variable
13. To get just x on the left side, divide both sides ofthe
equation by the coefficient of x, which is 6.
14. To get just x on the left side, divide both sides ofthe
equation by the coefficient of x, which is 7.
15. To get just x on the left side, divide both sides ofthe
equation by the coefficient of x, which is −4.
16. To get just x on the left side, divide both sidesof the
equation by the coefficient of x, which is −13.
17. To get just x on the left side, divide both sidesof the
equation by the coefficient of x, which is 0.12.
18. To get just x on the left side, divide both sidesof the
equation by the coefficient of x, which is 0.21.
19. This equation is equivalent to −1x = 25. To getjust x on
the left side, divide both sides of the equation by the
coefficient of x, which is −1.
20. This equation is equivalent to −1x = 50. To getjust x on
the left side, divide both sides of the equation by the
coefficient of x, which is −1.
6 6 −7 −7
1x = 6 x = −4
x=6 Check x = −4: 28 = 28 True
Check x = 6: 36 = 36 True The solution set is {−4}.
The solution set is 6. 28. −9x = 36
−9x 36
22. 8x = 64 = Divide by − 9.
8x 64
= Divide by 8. −9 −9
8 8 x = −4
Check x = −4: 36 = 36 True
x=8
Check x = 8: 64 = 64 True The solution set is {−4}.
The solution set is {8}. 29. 10t = −36
23. 2m = 15 10t −36
= Divide by 10.
2m 15 10 10
= Divide by 2.
36 18
2 2 t =− =− Lowest terms
15 10 5
m= 18
2 Check t = − : − 36 = −36 True
15 5
Check m = :15 = 15 True 18
2 The solution set is − , or {−3.6}.
15
5
The solution set is .
2 30. 10s = −54
24. 3m = 10 10s −54
= Divide by 10.
3m 10 10 10
= Divide by 3.
3 3 54 27
s=− =− Lowest terms
10 10 5
m= 27
3 Check s = − : − 54 = −54 True
10 5
Check m = :10 = 10 True 27
3 The solution set is − , or {−5.4}.
10
5
The solution set is .
3 31. −6x = −72
4 4 x = 12
x = −5 Check x = 12: − 72 = −72 True
Check x = −5: − 20 = −20 True The solution set is {12}.
The solution set is {−5}.
32. −4x = −64
26. 5x = −60 −4x −64
= Divide by − 4.
5x −60
= Divide by 5. −4 −4
4 4 0.2 0.2
r=0 t = 40
Check r = 0: 0 = 0 True Check t = 40: 8 = 8 True
The solution set is {0}. The solution set is 40.
34. 7x = 0 40. 0.9x = 18
7x 0
= Divide by 7. 0.9x 18
=
7 7 0.9 0.9
x=0 x = 20
Check x = 0: 0 = 0 True Check x = 20:18 = 18 True
The solution set is {0}. The solution set is 20.
t = −14 −0.5x 20
= Divide by − 0.5.
Check t = −14: 14 = 14 True −0.5 −0.5
1 x = 3.5
The solution set is . Check x = 3.5: − 9.1 = −9.1 True
2
The solution set is 3.5.
x = 1.6 5
Check x = 1.6: − 7.2 = −7.2 True 1
5 x = 5 15
The solution set is 1.6. 5
x = 75
47. −2.1m = 25.62 Check x = 75: 15 = 15 True
−2.1m 25.62
= Divide by − 2.1. The solution set is 75.
−2.1 −2.1
m = −12.2 53.
x
= −5
Check m = −12.2: 25.62 = 25.62 True 7
1
The solution set is −12.2. x = −5
7
1
48. −3.9x = 32.76 7 x = 7(−5)
−3.9x 32.76
7
= x = −35
−3.9 −3.9
x = −8.4 Check x = −35: − 5 = −5 True
Check x = −8.4: 32.76 = 32.76 True
The solution set is −35.
The solution set is −8.4.
r
1 54. = −3
49. x = −12 8
4 1
1 r = −3
4 x = 4(−12) Multiply by 4. 8
4 1
1x = −48 8 8 r = 8(−3)
x = −48 r = −24
Check x = −48: −12 = −12 True Check r = −24: − 3 = −3 True
The solution set is −48. The solution set is −24.
1 2
50. p = −3 55. p=4
5 7
1 72 7 7
5 p = 5(−3) Multiply by 5. p = (4) Multiply by .
5
2 7 2 2
p = −15 p = 14
5 62. 8x + 3x = 121
57. − t = −15
6
6 5 6 6 11x = 121
− − t = − (−15) Multiply by − . 11x 121
=
5 6 5 5
11 11
t = 18 x = 11
Check t = 18: −15 = −15 True Check x = 11:121 = 121 True
The solution set is 18. The solution set is 11.
3 63. 6r − 8r = 10
58. − z = −21
4 −2r = 10
4 3 4 4
− − z = − (−21) Multiply by − . −2r 10
=
3 4 3 3 −2 −2
z = 28 r = −5
Check z = 28: − 21 = −21 True Check r = −5:10 = 10 True
The solution set is 28. The solution set is −5.
7
− x=
3 64. 3 p − 7 p = 24
59.
9 5 −4 p = 24
9 7 9 3 9
− − x =− Multiply by − . −4 p 24
=
7 5 7 −4 −4
7 9
27 p = −6
x=−
35 Check p = −6: 24 = 24 True
27 3 3
Check x = − : = True The solution set is −6.
35 5 527 2 3
The solution set is − . 65. x− x = 2
5 10
35
4 3
5 4 x− x=2
60. − x= 10 10
1
6 9
6 x=2
− 6 − 5 x = − 6 4 Multiply by − . 10
5 6 5 9 5
10
1
x = 10 2
2 3 4 8
x =− =− 10
5 3 3 15 x = 20
Check x = −
8 4 4
: = Check x = 20: 8 − 6 = 2 True
True
15 9 9 The solution set is 20.
8
The solution set is − .
2 5
15 x− x =4
66.
3 9
61. 4x + 3x = 21 6 5
x− x =4
7x = 21 9 9
1
7x 21
= x=4
7 7 9
x=3 1
9 x = 94
Check x = 3: 21 = 21 True 9
The solution set is 3. x = 36
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
110 Chapter 2 Linear Equations and Inequalities in One Variable
Check x = 36: 24 − 20 = 4 True
The solution set is 36.
67. 7m + 6m − 4m = 63 72. 9x − 3x + x = −4
9m = 63 7x = −4
9m 63 7x 4
= =−
9 9 7 7
m=7 x=−
4
Check m = 7: 63 = 63 True 7
The solution set is 7. 4
Check x = − : − 4 = −4 True
7
68. 9r + 2r − 7r = 68
4r = 68
4r 68
4
The solution set is − 7 .
= 1 1 1
4 4 73. x− x+ x=3
r = 17 3 4 12
Check r = 17: 68 = 68 1 1 1
− + x=3
True Distributive property
The solution set is 17. 3 4 12
4 3 1
69. −6x + 4x − 7x = 0 − + x=3 LCD = 12
12 12 12
−9x = 0 1
x=3 Lowest terms
−9x 0
= 16
−9 −9 6 x = 6(3) Multiply by 6.
x=0
6
Check x = 0: 0 = 0 True
x = 18
The solution set is 0. Check x = 18: 6 − 4.5 + 1.5 = 3 True
70. −5x + 4x − 8x = 0 The solution set is 18.
−9x = 0 2 1 1
−9x 0 74. x+ x− x = 18
= 5 10 20
−9 −9 2 1 1
+ − =
x=0 x 18 Distributive prop.
Check x = 0: 0 = 0 True 5 10 20
8 2 1
The solution set is 0. + − x = 18 LCD = 20
20 20 20
71. 8w − 4w + w = −3 9
x = 18 Add fractions.
5w = −3 20
20 20
5w −3 20 9 x = (18) Multiply by .
=
5 5 9 20 9 9
3
3 The solution set is − .
w=− 5
5
3
Check w = − : − 3 = −3 True
5
True
The solution set is 40.
Divide
by 0.5.
0.5
0.5
w = −6
Check w = −6: − 3 = −3
Tru
e
The solution set is −6.