lOMoARcPSD|12899579

1. Among Filipinos, the characteristic that makes English difficult to understand is that it is
a strange language.
2. ESP is centered on language appropriate to various activities that can relate well with
grammar, lexis, register, discourse, and genre.
3. In a performance-based assessment in ESP, using a rubric is best applicable to oral
interview.
4. Among ASEAN countries, Singapore is known as a shopper’s paradise.
5. An example of word-formation processes that changes “kindergarten” to kinder and “air
conditioning” to “aircon” is known as clipping.
6. A speaker should change the language according to the needs of the listener or based on
the dictate of the situation. This is NOT done by sophisticating the language by using
high terminologies for basal learners.
7. Vowels are speech sounds made simply by shaping the oral cavity to give the sound a
particular color or timbre.
8. “PROFLIGATE as the spring sunshine.” The capitalized word means overabundant.
9. An example of a bound morpheme ending in –ion that changes a verb into a noun is
action.
10. Everyone is an example of indefinite pronoun.
11. The indirect speech “I’m studying English a lot at the moment” means he was
studying English a lot at that moment.
12. Term, which represents the role of interlocutors, is NOT among the variable of
functional grammar.
13. Systematic Functional Linguistics has three variables: Tenor, Field, and Mode.
14. “We put it off too long” is a structure that uses “off” as an adverbial particle.
15. “Alex is giving his boss a headache” is a structure that contains a ditransitive verb
group.
16. Course outline is the summary of main points of a text, lecture, or course of study.
17. Audio-lingual method anchors on behaviorist assumption that language learning is
the acquisition of a set of correct language habits.
18. English is MOST interesting subject for Rizza. The adjective that expresses supreme
value is called Superlative Adjectives.
19. “Pedestrians are not permitted beyond this point” is an official sign in the passive
voice.
20. The THIRD child is the most brilliant. The capitalized word is an example of ordinal
adjectives.
21. Dwindle : increase :: stiffen : relax (Contrasting Analogy)
22. Farce is a type of comedy based on far-fetched humorous situation often with
ridiculous or stereotyped characters.
23. Life is like a roller coaster is an example of SIMILE.
24. Sounds like bam, bang, booing are examples of onomatopoeia.
25. The type of paragraph for the topic “The day I won the oratorical title changed my
self-perception” is Narrative.
26. “How long is the poem?” is NOT included in a poem’s context.
27. Imagery is BEST explained as when the author sends mental images in the minds of
the readers using words.
28. In a novel or short story, when the point of view assumed by the narrator is able to
tell everything that happens in the story, he is omniscient.
29. When a scene in a story, novel, or play is interrupted to show an event that
happened in the past, it is known as flashback.
30. The resolution of the conflict of a story is called denouement.
31. In fiction, the transformation of a character from arrogance to humility or the
purgation and purification of character is known as catharsis.
32. “Bad credit” and “Debit Card”, “The earthquake” and “the queer shake” are
examples of anagrams.
33. My head is bloody but unbowed is an example of Alliteration.
34. Juxtaposition is when a funeral home was built next to a children’s nursery.
35. “O! Wild west wind!” is an example of Apostrophe.
36. Cliché is a colloquial expression that has been overused.
37. Silent Way method makes use of rods and colorful charts.
38. Skill-based Syllabus is a type of syllabus that is a collection of specific abilities that
may play a part in using language.
39. Use of grade readers is one approach applied in ESP to teach students with a low
level of knowledge of English. These materials refer to different version of books
with simplified grammar and vocabulary.
40. The strategy using examples, activities, songs, poems, stories, and illustrations based
on local culture, history and reality is called localization.
41. The Philippine Qualifications Framework is very significant in the development of
content and performance standards.
42. An Act Enhancing the Philippine Basic Education System by Strengthening Its
Curriculum and Increasing the Number of Years for Basic Education, Appropriating
Funds Therefor and for Other
Purposes,” otherwise known as the “Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013”
43. Substituting different sounds for the first sound of a familiar song can help in
developing phonological awareness.
44. Listening to classical music is one of his preferred leisure activities.
45. The past tense of hang is hung. Hanged is for death.
46. The study of the ways non-native speakers acquire, comprehend, and use linguistic
patterns or speech acts in a second language is known as Inter-language Pragmatics.
47. Linguistic interference occurs when students learn another language or dialect.
48. A summary of the main points of a text, lecture, or course of study is called Course
Outline.
49. Learning for empowerment and better self-image is an example of intrinsic
motivation.
50. An example is the term room for someone who stays in a dormitory or shared room
of a boarding house without meals provided is known as bed spacer.
51. The primary aim of second language teaching using Audio-Lingual Method is oral
proficiency.
52. The aspect of Communicative Competence that deals with the appropriate use of
communication and coping strategies is known as Strategic Competence.
53. Interpretability is the ability of the listener to understand the speaker’s intentions
behind the word or utterance.
54. A teaching practice which is compatible with Communicative Approach is one that
gives priority to oral communication.
55. The boy and the girl’s uncle is an example of a sentence fragment.
56. “Don’t make any comment unless you are fully aware of the issue.” is an example of
a complex sentence.
57. Josh dreads wild animals in the zoo. The function of the underlined constituent is
optional modifier.
58. Descriptive grammar refers to the structure of a language as it's actually used by
speakers and writers.
59. Prescriptive grammar refers to the structure of a language as certain people think it
should be used.
60. “The man with a tall hat sits rather uncomfortably at the dinner table” is
syntactically ambiguous.
61. “Shakespeare is a literary titan” exemplifies the literary device Allusion.
62. Motif in literary writing is an image or idea repeated throughout a work or several
works of literature.
63. The focus of Medieval Literature is Religious, Divine and Spiritual.
64. New Criticism excludes the reader’s response, the author’s intention, historical and
cultural contexts, and moralistic bias from their analysis. It does not allow inter-
textual reading of literature.
65. Neoclassicism is characterized by a re-examination and imitation of classical models,
literary styles and values of the ancient Greek and Roman authors.
66. All interpretations and meanings of a text are correct as accepted by a Reader-
Reception Critic.
67. In the excerpt “Here thou, great Anna! whom three realms obey / Dost sometimes
counsel take—and sometimes tea.”, Alexander Pope used a literary device called
Anticlimax.
68. Aesthetic Distance is the audience’s ability to remove themselves so that they can
contemplate and evaluate the performance and the play.
69. Translatability is the capacity for some kind of meaning to be transferred from one
language to another without undergoing radical change.
70. The literary movement known as the era of “decadence” which was a reaction
against realism, naturalism, and highly structured poetry is called Symbolism.
71. Naturalism emphasized the hereditary psychological component of characters and
experimenting the connections between human psychology and external
environment.
72. A word can have associated mental images and meanings, often these cannot be
found in dictionaries. These are called Connotations.
73. “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was
the age of foolishness…” In the opening lines of the novel The Tale of Two Cities,
Charles Dickens used juxtaposition.
74. “The time is out of joint, O cursed spite / That ever I was born to set it right.” The
two lines from Shakespeare’s Hamlet which 3 is characterized by having two
successive rhyming lines in a verse and the same meter to form a complete
thought is called a couplet.
75. A figure of speech that uses exaggeration is Hyperbole.
76. Appeal to Ethos means that the author convinces the audience using his credibility,
character or expertise. These include enumerating work experiences,
accomplishments, and character.
77. Appeal to Pathos means that the author convinces the audience using emotions. The
author aims to gather the audience’s sympathy and draw pity or sometimes makes
them angry.
78. Appeal to Logos means that the author convinces the audience using logic and
reason. The author presents facts, evidences and data to convince the audience’s
minds to accept his arguments.
79. Epiphora, also known as “epistrophe,” is a stylistic device in which a word or a phrase
is repeated at the ends of successive clauses.
80. The MOST important sentence in any essay is the thesis sentence.
81. Self-fulfilling Prophecy is where the prophecies are realized due to the actions of a
character who tries to prevent them (for example:
Oedipus Rex)
82. Antanaclasis is the literary trope in which a single word or phrase is repeated, but in
two different senses.
83. The person assigned to dictate the actor’s line if he forgets is called a prompter
84. A poem that tells a lively or tragic story is called ballad.
85. The characteristic of a formalist’s criticism is that criticism is focused on the work
itself.
86. Nemesis is a literary device is where the good characters are rewarded for their
virtues, and the evil characters are punished for their vices.
87. The glass unicorn in The Glass Menagerie, the rocking horse in “The Rocking-Horse
Winner,” and the road in Frost’s “The Road Not Taken” are examples of subjects.
88. “It’s no wonder everyone refers to Mary as another Mother Teresa in the making;
she loves to help and care after people everywhere, from the streets to her own
friends.” This is an example of an Allusion.
89. The words spoken by an actor directly to the audience watching a play that the
characters in the play do not hear are called aside.
90. The myths of the Greeks reflect a view of the universe that acknowledges the
mystery and beauty of humanity.
91. Antigone is sentenced to death for the crime of performing the burial rituals of her
brother.
92. Maria Makiling is a famous Filipino legend.
93. Malakas at Maganda is a famous Filipino creation myth.
94. The presence of the three gods: Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos in Greek Mythology
symbolize that mortals’ fate depends on the gods.
95. In Greek Mythology, Jason sailed the long ship Argo in search for the Golden Fleece.
96. Prometheus is the mythological titan punished by the gods for stealing fire.
97. In the poem, “Vulture” by Chinua Achebe, the line that represents a miserable or
bleak scene is “Broken bones and a dead tree”
98. Li Qingzhao, the greatest Chinese poetess, is NOT known for dominance of
hyperbole.
99. Egyptian literature is identified as Mediterranean literature.
100. The first line of the Poem “Mind is Without Fear” by Rabindranath Tagore “Where
the mind is without fear and the head is held high…” It means only the fearless mind
can hold its head upright.
101. Basho popularized Haiku in Japan. He creates visual and auditory sensations with a
few strokes of his writing brush.
102. “Awake! for Morning in the Bowl of Night” is a poem written by Omar Khayyam.
103. Mao Tze-Tsung is a Chinese leader whose essays and poems depicted the totalitarian
rule in China and advocated a revolutionary movement.
104. Haiku is a three-line poem with seventeen syllables, written in a 5/7/5 syllable count.
105. The oldest Indian document of Sanskrit Literature is the Rig Veda. 106. Thomas
Jefferson refered to the Native Americans as “merciless Indian savages.”
107. Benjamin Franklin added Humility in his 13 vitues because he is reminded of his
friend Quaker about how overbearing and insolent he is.
108. New Criticism is characterized by emphasis on craft over content.
109. The forest in the play Midsummer Night’s Dream symbolize a place to face trials for
the characters to pass.
110. The “Declaration of Independence” is best described as accusatory and subjective.
111. In Maya Angelou’s 'On the Pulse of Morning', it is suggested that each new day gives
people new chances.
112. Shakespeare’s technique of showing equivocation in his play “Macbeth” is Irony.
113. According to Lincoln in “The Gettyburg Address”, the premise of the war being
fought is the government of the people, by the people, for the people.
114. A story told in verse by unknown writers and usually meant to be sung is a ballad.
115. The repetition of similar sounds usually consonant in a group of words like “Doubting
dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before?” is called Alliteration.
116. Sonnet is a 14-line lyric poem usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter.
117. A book-length fictional prose narrative which has many characters and often complex
plot is called a novel.
118. Epitaph is a description on a grave stone or a short poem in memory of a deceased
person.
119. Half rhyme is one of the major poetic devices. It is also called an “imperfect rhyme,”
“slant rhyme,” “near rhyme,” or “oblique rhyme”.
120. An important step in ensuring the relevance of the instructional material to the rest
of the curriculum is to keep a list of the goals and objectives of the curriculum.
121. To home independent study strategies through prescribed tasks is NOT a goal of K
to 12 language teaching in the secondary level.
122. K to 12 language teaching in secondary school is NOT described as literature-based
and genre-focused.
123. All materials from the real world not intended for classroom use but used in the
classroom are called authentic materials.
124. The target language is used as an auxiliary / support language. This statement DOES
NOT characterized Direct Method of language teaching.
125. The use of song, the worksheet, pair group, the teacher and the students’ talk are
provisions of the comprehensible input hypothesis of Krahsen’s Monitor model.
126. Paul Grice’s cooperative principle is a set of norms that are expected in
conversations. It consists of four maxims: quality, quantity, relation, and manner.
127. Maxim of quality: Utterance must tell the 5 truth or something that is provable
by adequate evidence.
128. Maxim of quantity: Utterance have to be adequate in speaking, not more or less.
129. Maxim of relation: Response has to be relevant to the topic of discussion.
130. Maxim of manner: Utterance has to avoid ambiguity or obscurity; it should be direct
and straightforward.
131. The generalization in the area of phonology that can be drawn from the following
linguistic data: table, attack, can, paper, space, accordion is that a voiceless stop can
be aspirated if it begins a syllable of a stressed vowel.
132. The title of Leo Tolstoy’s short story about a man falsely judged and accused of
murder is “God Sees the Truth but Waits.”
133. Ophelia Alcantara Dimalanta is considered as the Goddess of Philippine Poetry.
134. “Magnificence”, the story about a girl abused by an old man, is authored by Estrella
Alfon.
135. The reality TV show Big Brother is based on the novel by George Orwell entitled
1984.
136. When you use a fraction (one-third) with a countable noun, you use the plural 'are'.
If it was referring to a non-countable noun then it would need to be singular 'is'.
137. /b/ sound is a voiced bilabial stop.
138. The first school established by the Americans in the Philippines that aims to teach
Filipinos how to use English is the Philippine Normal School.
139. Direct Testing requires the candidate to perform precisely the skill that the test
wishes to measure.
140. The Structuralist Approach views that language learning is chiefly concerned with a
systematic acquisition of a set of “building blocks”.
141. The function of language test which aims to motivate students pertains to learning.
142. Sociolinguistic component assesses the use of linguistic forms in language
performance.
143. The application of social and behavioral science research method to the practice of
journalism is called precision journalism.
144. In journalism, copy refers to any piece of material that makes it to print.
145. The date line in a news story refers to the time when the story was filed.
146. According to Wilson, the “heart of the theatre experience” is the live relationship
between the performers and the audience.
147. One way to see if translation communicates what the source text communicates is by
translation checking. The subjects of such activity are called speakers with receptive
language ability.
148. A foil is a character who contrasts with another character.
149. The first-ever printed material using the printing press is the Latin Vulgate or
Gutenberg Bible.
150. In creative non-fiction, you use essays and memoirs to support a factbased narrative.
151. The speaker’s use of highly jargonized words falls under speakercreated interference.
152. Audio-lingual method assumes that the over-learning of patterns through choral
repetition and drilling is the key to learning a target language.
153. To enhance the power of the mind, learners read literary texts in the target language
and memorize vocabulary lists translated into the native language. Explicit grammar
instruction of rules and their exceptions is the main focus to master the target
language. This method is Grammar-Translation.
154. The literary criticism that highlights how meaning, interpretations, frameworks,
system, and structural beliefs break apart is post structuralism or deconstruction.
155. The most prominent figure in deconstruction is Jacques Derrida.
156. Antagonist is the character or force in conflict with the main character, who is the
protagonist.
157. Folk Literature is a body of stories, legends, myths, ballads, songs, riddles, sayings,
and other works arising out of the oral traditions of the peoples around the world.
158. Sisyphus is the king of Corinth who is condemned in the underworld by forever
rolling a huge stone up a hill.
159. The three monstrous sisters with snakes for hair, hands of brass and bodies covered
with impenetrable scales and turns to stone those who look at them are the
Gorgons.
160. The subjects in Mythic history portrayed in the “Musee des Beaux Arts” are Daedalus
and Icarus.
161. Among the typical characteristics of epic heroes, immortality is NOT one of them.
162. Magic Realism is a term borrowed from art criticism and applied to a kind of fiction
that mixes realism with flights of fantasy and myth. It is associated with Latin
American writers such as Gabriel Garcia Marquez.
163. Plot is by which a narrative sequence of events (story) is structured and organized.
164. Aenid, an epic poem in twelve books recounting the story of Aeneas, was the
crowning achievement of Virgil.
165. “It is true but arguable” does NOT make a good idea for an essay.
166. Asking someone to repeat something helps students to get to process information
received.
167. Language is inseparable from Literature.
168. Annotating is a strategy for reading literature where the reader responds to the
literary and cultural impact of the text b identifying images and themes and writing
marginal notes about them.
169. Classicism is an approach t literature and other arts that stresses reason, balance,
clarity, ideal beauty, and orderly form in imitation of the arts of ancient Greece and
Rome.
170. The prime consideration of instructional materials is to link materials to the
curriculum.
171. The reading and teaching of literature must yield not only enjoyment but also
understanding.
172. Fashionable is NOT among the qualities needed by the teacher in the preparation,
selection and utilization of instructional materials.
173. Allophone is shown in the systematic variation of /t/ such as /t/ in top is aspirated,
/t/ is stop is released, and /t/ in pot is unreleased.
174. Wash-back Effect refers to the impact of testing on teaching and learning.
175. Writing letters is NOT an example of discrete point testing.
176. A novel about the education and development of a young hero is called
Bildungsroman.
177. Cliffhanger is a plot device that ends abruptly that the main characters are left in a
difficult situation without offering any resolution or conflict.
178. Roman a clef is a novel where real people are represented in the guise of fictional
characters.
179. Philosophic and religious belief in reincarnation is based on the mythical character
Orpheus.
180. Poverty can be the subject matter of 7 humanism literature.
181. In literary parlance, decorum refers to the appropriateness of a work to intended
subject, genre, and audience.
182. The figure of speech that Hawthorne used in making Rev. Dimmesdale
metaphorically dim as the novel progresses, while making
Chillingworth have a chilled heart is Charactonym.
183. Euphemism is a substitution of a term considered offensive or might bring the
audience too close to an uncomfortable reality.
184. Cecile gave a donation to charity is an example of sentence depicting a dative case.
185. Prepositions would NOT fit into the category of determiners.
186. Code-switching is allowed in a CLT (Communicative Approach) class.
187. Language games and quiz bees is a practice of desuggestopedia.
188. A Filipino student writes a sentence: The book is new. This is an example of positive
transfer.
189. Negative Transfer happens when L1 complicates or impedes the use of L2. Example:
A Filipino student writes: Beautiful is Mary (the structure is influenced by the
student’s L1 which says “Maganda si Mary”)
190. Formalism is NOT a criticism for meaning.
191. Hermeneutics is known as the science of interpretation.
192. Error is an indication of hypothesis testing in language learning.
193. An example of English for Occupational Purposes (EOP) is English for Technician.
194. Infants, during the pre-linguistic developmental stage, communicate by crying,
cooing, and babbling.
195. In the story, who is slow? This is an example of a question on the Literal
comprehension level.
196. Children who have been watching TV a lot would likely suffer from short attention
span.
197. “Speak when you are angry and you will make the best speech you will ever regret.”
This is a good advice for those who are ill-tempered and impulsive.
198. The phrase associated with President Magsaysay is For Democracy will die.
199. The Philippines is considered as an ESL nation.
200. IRI (Informal Reading Inventory) reading technique is being utilized when a teacher
asks his student to read a particular passage, and he marks mispronounced words.
201. In a school paper, the Editor-in-Chief is in-charge of everything.
202. Pitch level 3 must be used in emphasizing the main idea in a sentence.
203. The intensification of the conflict of the story or play is called rising action.
204. The National Heroes’ Day reminds us about heroes worth emanating.
205. Mended, Blocked, Recommended, Postponed. The word among the following that
has a /t/ sound is blocked.
206. The sentence “She drives an expensive white European sports car.” follows the
correct order of adjectives.
207. English has been the Lingua Franca of the world since America gained its
international power. Lingua Franca means Language of the World.
208. The Deductive method is a Teacher-dominated method.
209. The poem which the quote “Nevermore” is taken is The Raven.
210. Semantics is a language system focused on vocabulary.
211. The smallest unit of sound of any language that causes a difference in meaning is
called a phoneme.
212. The smallest unit of meaning is a morpheme.
213. When the coach said “Bring home the bacon!”, he meant that the team has to win
the competition.
214. “What you said does not hold water with me.” The statement means it is
unbelievable / illogical.
215. 64.26% of the cases in a normal curve fall between +1 and -1.
216. Divine Comedy is the work of Dante Alighieri that narrates his journey through Hell
(The Inferno), purgatory, and finally, paradise.
217. The highest in the Three-level Approach to teaching is Values, followed by Concept,
and lastly, Facts.
218. In Nick Joaquin’s short story, May Day Eve, the technique he used in developing the
plot was Flashback.
219. The word synonymous with ecstatic is blissful.
220. Input hypothesis of Krashen’s Monitor Model proposes that when learners are
exposed to grammatical features a little beyond their current (i.e., I + 1), those
features are “acquired.
221. “Teachers should correct errors during the time they are committed as error
correction is valuable” is NOT an implication of Krashen’s Monitor Model.
222. Structuralists view the language as a system of related elements or “building blocks”
for the encoding of meaning, the elements being phonemes (sounds), morphemes
(words), tagmemes
(phrases/sentences/clauses).
223. Interactionalists believe that language is a vehicle for establishing interpersonal
relations.
224. The functional view of language (Functionalism) has resulted in communication-
based methods such as Communicative Language Teaching/Communicative
Approach, Notional/Functional Approach, Task-Based Language Teaching.
225. Intonation is the rise and fall of pitch which may contrast meanings of sentences.
226. Dissimilation is a morphophonemic process that results in two sounds becoming less
alike in articulatory or acoustic terms; a process in which units which occur in some
contexts are “lost” in others; e.g. “l i b a r y” instead of “l i b r a r y”.
227. The syntactic structure shown in the examples, “responsible officers, trusted friend”
is Modification.
228. Anaphora, in linguistics, is an expression that refers to another linguistic expression
(point backwards). The pronoun refers back to its antecedent.
229. Recession will worsen in Europe in the next five years. The category of illocutionary
act demonstrated in this sentence is assertive / representative.
230. Overgeneralization errors such as “goed” and “keeped” are common in children’s
speech. Such errors suggest that children induce the rules for the past tense from
the language to which they are exposed.
231. The period of American Renaissance gave birth to Trancendentalism.
232. “To be or not to be, that’s the question” this line is taken from Shakespeare’s
Hamlet.
233. Carlos Bulosan’s celebrated autobiography is entitled America is in the Heart.
234. Self-monitoring and playing attention belong to Metacognitive category of learning
strategies identified by Oxford I. 1989.
235. Neoclassicism movement is a reaction against the stylistic excess and superfluous
artistry and ornamentation of Renaissance writers.
236. Guy de Maupassant is a writer of short stories and novels who is by general
agreement the greatest French short-story writer.
237. A distinct feature of poetry during the age of 9 modernism is free verse.
238. To punish himself for murdering his father to have sexual relationships with his
mother, Oedipus gouged his eyes.
239. The playwright who used alienation effect to educate the audience and not rely upon
their emotion is Bertolt Brecht.
240. What is true about textually authentic materials is that they are NOT written for
teaching.
241. Sophocles wrote Ajax, Antigone, and Oedipus and Colonus, but NOT Agamemnon.
242. Gothic Novels became popular in the 19th Century.
243. One feature of Suggestopedia is that learners are in a relaxed and reclining position.
244. The press is referred to as “fourth state” because it checks all branches of the
Government.
245. Echo reading takes place when the teacher reads each line then the learners repeat
it.
246. Juncture influences the pronunciation of “ice cream” and “I scream”.
247. A paragraph is believed to have coherence if the sentences are smoothly connected
with each other through transitional devices.
248. Type-study method is inductive in nature.
249. I have been teaching for 32 years, and I can’t imagine doing anything else.
250. The period considered as the Golden Age of the Filipino Language is the Japanese
Regime.
251. One implication on listening and speaking for language teaching is link listening and
speaking task to provide opportunities for students to notice how language is used
in different contexts.
252. When the word “consumables” refers to resources such as toner, ink, and paper
which can get used up, it is regarded as a/an ICT jargon.
253. The Trojan War can be seen today as Women’s Empowerment.
254. “The Answer” by Bel Dao reflects slavery as a pressing concern.
255. The FENCE in the story written by Jose Garcia Villa refers to walls representing
hindrances that separate families.
256. During the 1800s as reflected in American Literature, the US government expanded
its territory NOT by the use of Invasion (conquest).
257. In “I Hear America Singing” by Whitman, the workers sing varied carols to express
happiness in work and the uniqueness of contribution.
258. Indirect illocution is when the speaker expresses another illocutionary for other that
literally expressed the utterance by relying on background knowledge, principles of
convention.
259. In a study comparing the effect of studying with music versus no music on reading
comprehension. The independent variable is the presence or absence of music
during studying.
260. Iconic Learning involving instructional audio-visual materials refers to visual images
for the real thing.
261. When a research is conducted to assess the linguistic forms in language
performance, it is after the linguistic component.
262. The function of language test which aim to motivate students pertains to learning.
263. Juncture refers to pauses or rests in speech.
264. In Paz Latorena's short story "The Small Key", what Soledad’s second wife found in
the small chest is old clothes and other things of his first wife.
265. According to Krashen, the function of knowledge of grammatical rules in language
performance is as monitor.
266. The Cooperative Principle is proposed by H. Paul Grice.
267. Pidgin refers to language that emerged between two speakers who do not share a
common language.
268. Creole is a developed pidgin that established a definite structure and has native
speakers.
269. “Apologized” has an alternate correct spelling shown in any good dictionary.
(Apologised)
270. The primary aim of Direct Method is vocabulary development.
271. Edgar Allan Poe is popular for his gothic style in his compositions.
272. Burlesque is a humorous imitation of a serious work of literature.
273. Leo Tolstoy is known as the world’s greatest novelist for writing War and Peace, and
Anna Karenina.
274. Stream of consciousness is also known as interior monologue.
275. Deus Ex Machina refers to the incidence where an implausible concept or character
is brought into the story in order to make the conflict in the story resolve and to
bring about a pleasing solution.
276. Solecism is any grammatical mistake committed in writing or speaking.
277. Proverbs embodied the practical philosophy of Filipinos during the pre-Hispanic era.
278. Paradise Lost is written by John Milton and it is based on the popular story of the
Sinning of Adam and Eve.
279. In Paz Marquez Benitez’s “Dead Stars”, the dead stars represent Alfredo’s love for
Julia.
280. The Harlem Renaissance is the flowering of African-American
Literature.
281. The Negritude movement is a movement of French-speaking African and Caribbean
writers and it began to fade in the 1950s after fulfilling their goal.
282. Telephone Conversation is a literary piece written by Wole Soyinka about racism.
283. Hamartia is the term for the downfall of the hero or heroine in a story.
284. "The self-assured hubris among economists was shaken in the late 1980s." The
underlined word means excessive pride or selfconfidence.
285. The Filipino writer whose short stories depic Filipino-Spanish culture is Nick Joaquin.
286. The phenomenon where people share the same false memory about something is
called the Mandela Effect. (e.g. The dash between KitKat)
287. The founder of 21st Century Linguistics is Ferdinand De Saussure.
288. Patroclus made Achilles grief.
289. Didactic Literature is meant to instruct or educate.
290. Diegesis and Mimesis are coined terms by Aristotle to distinguish telling (diegesis)
from showing (mimesis).
291. The difference between phonics and phonetical awareness is that phonics include
written language, phonetical awareness does not necessarily.
292. Exegesis is an explanation of a text that identifies and explains the figurative
language and forms within the work.
293. A common type of character or entity that recurs throughout various literature is
called a stock character or archetype.
294. “Touch me one more time, and I swear—” this breaking-off of speech usually
because of rising emotion or excitement is called Aposiopesis.
295. Chiasmus refers to two phrases in which syntax is the same but the placement of
words is reversed. 1
1
296. The Canterbury Tales was written in the 14th Century.
297. “Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own ways.” This
line is taken from Ana Karenina by Leo Tolstoy.
298. Moby Dick is a white whale using Pequod.
299. A concise expression of insight or wisdom is called Aphorism.
300. Creative Reading is reading beyond the lines.
301. Input hypothesis proposes that when learners are exposed to grammatical features a
little beyond their current (i.e., I + 1), those features are “acquired”.
302. Correcting errors in language use is NOT a principle of Krashen’s monitor model.
303. Structuralists believe that language is primarily vocal; language is system of systems,
and language is arbitrary.
304. Interactionalists believe that language is a vehicle for establishing interpersonal
relations.
305. Syntax is a branch of linguistics that deals with how words combine to form phrases,
phrases combine to form clauses, and clauses conjoin to make sentences.
306. Fricatives are produced by bringing the articulators near each other such that the
flow of air is impeded but not completely blocked.
307. A representative / assertive is an utterance used to describe some state of affairs:
acts of stating, asserting, denying, confessing, admitting, notifying, concluding,
predicting, and so on.
308. Behaviorism is a systematic approach to the understanding of human and animal
behavior. It assumes that the behavior of a human or animal is a consequence of that
individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment, and the
individual's current motivational state and controlling stimuli.
309. “Overgeneralization” is most often used in connection with language acquisition by
children. For example, a young child may say "foots" instead of "feet,"
overgeneralizing the morphological rule for making plural nouns.
310. The concept of universal grammar states that all languages are built upon a common
grammar.
311. The areas of Communicative Competence are: grammatical, sociolinguistic,
discourse, and sociolinguistic.
312. A cataphoric reference unit refers to another unit that is introduced later on in the
text/speech.
313. The slippery slope argument involves reasoning that because of an initial event, a
second event, more extreme event must inevitable follow.
314. Milton’s Paradise Lost which was published in 1667 in Modern English.
315. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, unicorn was commonly described as an
extremely wild woodland creature, a symbol of purity and grace, which could only be
captured by a virgin.
316. Muchukunda (cited in Mahabarata & Parunas) saw the emptiness of his life and
turned his back on it, becoming a wanderer and sadhu. He refused to return to the
world.
317. Anthropomorphism is the showing or treating of animals, gods, and objects as if
they are human in appearance, character, or behaviour:
318. Most of basal readers are phonics-based.
319. The K-W-L chart can be used to document what students know, what they want to
know, and what they learned.
320. Petrarchan sonnet is form of poetry that has an 8-line stanza with the rhyme
scheme abbaabba followed by 6 lines with various rhyme schemes, usually cdcdcd
or cdede.
321. Listening is the MOST neglected communication skill.
322. Wolvin and Coakley (1992) listed four different kinds of listening: Comprehensive
(Informational), Critical (Evaluative), Appreciative (Aesthetic), and Therapeutic
(Emphatic).
323. Listening for DETAILS means listening for specific information.
324. Listening SELECTIVELY means listening only to specific parts of the input.
325. Novice learners accept all of the information.
326. Wash-back effect happens when what was assessed became what was taught.
327. The factors that affect learners listening are: (1) Background Knowledge or
Schematic, (2) Knowledge of the situation or Context, and (3) Knowledge of the
language system or Systematic.
328. Life after Death is what was depicted in Dante’s Divine Comedy.
329. The prefix “epi-“ means upon.
330. According to Oxford Dictionary, KIKAY KIT means a cosmetic pouch.
331. The character in Dante’s Divine Comedy is Dante himself.
332. In novels and short stories, the role of a trickster is a mischievous myth character.
333. George Eliot is the pen name of the female writer Mary Evans.
334. James Joyce wrote Ulysses and uses the literary style of stream of consciousness.
335. According to Oxford Dictionary, YAYA means nursemaid.
336. The stages of speaking are as follows: Presentation, Practice, and Production.
337. When a teacher LOCALIZES the curriculum, it means that she relates the curriculum
to local information and material.
338. The love portrayed in Charlotte Bronte’s Wuthering Heights is that love is
destructive.
339. The main theme of Bonsai by Edith Tiempo is enjoy the little things.
340. “Talks with Kuwaiti officials ongoing” is an example of a news peg among the given
editorials.
341. A teacher should use words in Tier 2 for VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT. 342. The big

title in front of a newspaper is called a banner headline.

343. The type of speaking that uses directed response, read-aloud, sentence/dialogue
completion tasks, oral questionnaires, and picturecued tasks is Intensive Speaking.
344. Sarah is the SMARTER of the twins.
345. When the narrator said he could not stop for death, he means he is too busy.
346. “Kumain siya ng Mangga” – She eat mango. This is a manifestation of Linear
Dislocation.
347. All sentences are clauses, but not all clauses are sentences. Both of these
statements are true.
348. Schema is a theory in reading that describes the ways mind acquires, categorizes,
and organizes knowledge.
349. Snowball Toss activity do a quick write or quick draw, then crumple, throw, and read
the pieces of paper.
350. Chaucer’s collection of stories in verse showing his skill as a story teller in giving a
vivid picture of English society in 1300’s is The Canterbury Tales.
351. The “Captain” alluded in Whitman’s poem is 1 Abraham Lincoln.
3
352. “On the day of Silician July, with Etna Smoking” is a Geographical Allusion.
353. In Tolstoy’s God Sees the Truth but Waits, Aksenov was imprisoned for 26 years.
354. A huge fire-breathing monster that has the head of a lion, the body of a dragon, and
the hind legs of a goat is called Chimera.
355. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 116 talks about love as Love never wanes even in old age.
356. The Panchatantra is a collection of fables which was used to educate Indian princes
into becoming wise kings.
357. Tribble (1996) enumerates the range of knowledge that writers need to know in
order to write effectively when undertaking a specific task.
These are: Content Knowledge, Context Knowledge, and Language System
Knowledge.
358. Structural Analysis is a process of decoding unfamiliar words by visually examining
the words to discover component parts, which may lead to pronunciation and
meaning.
359. The five phases of teaching vocabulary are: Disposition, Integration, Repetition,
Interaction and Meaningful Use, and Self Instruction. It does NOT include Imitation.
360. Knowledge on sound-symbol correspondence is also known as Graphophonics
Knowledge.
361. “I’ll meet you at the library at 10:00 am” is an example of Commissive illocutionary
act.
362. “Mercury is the nearest planet from the sun.” Mercury and “the nearest planet” are
called co-referential.
363. The generalization that can be made from the group of words: “responsible officers,
trusted friend, impartially conducted…” is Structure of Modification.
364. Natural Order Hypothesis suggests that grammatical structures are acquired in a
predictable order for both children and adults.
365. Learning is the CONSCIOUS process of knowing about language and being able to
talk about it, which occurs in a more formal situation where the properties or rules
of a language are taught.
366. Flashforward is the other term for “prolepsis” which is a scene that temporarily
takes the narrative forward in time from the current point of the story in literature,
film, television, and other media.
367. In the first scene of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the witches said “Something
wicked this way comes.” The plot element employed here is foreshadowing.
368. In teaching the works of James Joyce and Virginia Wolf to 3 rd year HS students, you
need first to orient the students with stream of consciousness.
369. In teaching Without Seeing the Dawn by Stevan Javellana to 4 th year HS class, the
period in Philippine History that you will discuss as background knowledge to the
novel is the Japanese occupation.
370. The Poor Christ of Bombay by Mongo Berti is an example of literary SATIRE.
371. The view on language teaching that believes language can be described according to
the regularities and patterns or rules in language system is Structuralist.
372. The meaning of (-ment) in the words embarrassment, government, and
enhancement is Means.
373. The first step in curriculum planning is Diagnosis of Needs.
374. “A policy statement about a piece of Education” does NOT correctly define
Curriculum.
375. The biggest hindrance in learning a second language is cross-cultural issues.
376. The preposition under denotes a figure at a lower point than the landmark, while the
preposition over denotes a figure that is at a higher point that the landmark. Under
and Over are referred to as Vertical-space preposition.
377. Wrote is a simple past verb form that is marked.
378. Their abilities fall several levels below their current level. This characterizes
remedial students in general.
379. Wooden is not a correct headline structure.
380. The first language to have undergone formal study is Sanskrit.
381. Teachers who believe that language is a system of structures consisting of sounds,
words, and sentences will predictably follow a teaching syllabus that revolves around
the building blocks of language.
382. Target situation Analysis is related to ESP as an approach in language teaching.
383. English in basic education provides competencies necessary to meet general learner
needs.
384. The speaker can convey interest in communicating with his audience through
establishing eye contact.
385. The Curriculum ideology that focuses on the mastery of content of English as a
subject is Academic Rationalism.
386. The student was sad because he was called off for his late submission of his school
project.
387. “She never told her love…” is written by William Shakespeare.
388. The teacher considers feelings of anxiety, fear, and shame that may hinder second
language acquisition. The method that can help address this concern is
Communicative Language Teaching.
389. The first thing that a child must know to know a word is word sound and
sequencing.
390. Tartarus, Elysium, Asphodel, and Erebus all pertain to regions in the underworld.
391. A teacher asks her class to prepare a genealogy of the characters in the drama
Oedipus the King. Her objective in asking the class to do that is to help the class see
the relationship of the characters to each other.
392. A teacher wrote in her lesson plan for teaching Oedipus the King this “What qualities
make a good king? Fill up the web below with words that describe an ideal king.” The
primary purpose of this activity is to build the students’ schema.
393. Annabel Lee was written by Edgar Allan Poe which people speculate he dedicated to
his wife.
394. “Drink me only with thine eyes,” This poem is written by Ben Jonson.
395. Vanity Fair is a novel satirizing society in early 19 th Century Britain and is written by
William Makepeace Thackeray.
396. In teaching the works of Edgar Allan Poe, what should be given prime consideration
is Atmosphere.
397. In teaching the short stories of Guy de Maupassant, what should be given prime
consideration is Characters.
398. If you are teaching students with literature of the writer O’ Henry, you should
highlight the use of surprise endings.
399. Two novel-like stories The Predestined Prince and Sinuhe were written around 1200
BC in Egypt.
400. “War is war” is an example of Tautology.
401. Among the basic types of speaking task, Extensive Speaking requires students to
present Oral Reports.
402. The listening-speaking problem that occurs 1 when a student finds it hard to
5
distinguish between a word which may be used as a noun or as a verb in a sentence
is Stress.
403. Questionnaires and checklists are examples of tools.
404. Histogram shows the frequency distribution.
405. Movement is an element of Drama.
406. You ask your class the question “Do you like the poem” after it has been discussed.
407. The Cinquian pattern is: TITLE, SYNONYM, ANTONYM.
408. Phonics pertain to relationship of sounds and letters.
409. Structuralists believe that language can be described in terms of observable and
verifiable data as it is being used.
410. The following are levels of vocabulary in ESP: Technical Vocabulary, General
Vocabulary, and Semi-technical Vocabulary EXCEPT Colloquial vocabulary.
411. A correct description of auxiliary verb is: It is used to complete a verb phrase in
certain constructions such as emphatic, negative, passive, perfect and progressive
aspect.
412. The principle in grammar teaching that is applicable for ESP context is teaching
structures related to language functions.
413. The K-12 envisions holistically developed learners equipped with 21st century skills.
414. Metacognition can be defined as “thinking about thinking.” The essence of
metacognition is self-reflecting, self-monitoring, selfquestioning and self-regulating.
415. The “t” before *n+ in words like “button” and “written” is pronounced as glottal stop
by most American English speakers.
416. Ammo is an example of slang.
417. “When she arrived, Diane was surprised to find her apartment door open.” The
underlined pronoun is cataphoric.
418. “Diane was surprised to find her apartment door open.” The underlined pronoun is
anaphoric.
419. “The teacher’s grammar is excellent.” The sentence shows a noun in the genitive
case.
420. Words with the same spelling and related meanings are called polysemes.
421. “Bad men live that they may eat and drink, whereas good men eat and drink that
they may live.” This is an example of chiasmus.
422. “Marvin is probably at school now.” The modality used in the sentence is epistemic.
423. In an oral interpretation activity, one student delivers a declamation with so much
shouting and crying. These acts are examples of Histronics.
424. Spelling test is an example of discrete-point testing.
425. IMs explain the lesson. This is NOT a purpose of instructional materials.
426. “The teacher asks a question ___ me.” The best preposition to complete the
sentence is OF.
427. Transferring a textual material to a tabular form illustrates the skill of viewing and
representing.
428. The behavioristic view is an educational-psychological philosophy that is compatible
with the structuralist view of language.
429. Transition signals DOES NOT concern teaching of pronunciation.
430. Contextualized minimal pairs help students learn vocabulary.
431. Class size might be affected in remedial instruction when class size gets smaller.
432. Upon learning the past tense of call is called and talk is talked, the child writes
singed for sing. This kind of language error is called overgeneralization.
433. It is a skill subject. This describes English as a subject in the curriculum.
434. The co-text refers to the linguistic context or textual environment provided by the
discourse and which helps in the interpretation of meaning.
435. Giving more challenging texts and tasks is NOT an instructional adaptation in
remedial instruction.
436. The primary goal of remedial instruction in English is to help students cope with the
demands of their actual level.
437. Thoroughly assess and evaluate students is what a teacher should do prior to
remediation.
438. Testing lend itself well to teaching when testing provides tangible reasons for
pedagogic changes.
439. Conducting a text analysis of the specific text types is a procedure that explicitly
teaches genres.
440. Emigrate / Immigrate indicates a problem in differences in physical or interpersonal
perspective.
441. Mateo is not yet comfortable about speaking English with his colleagues. He has
learned to insert fillers such as, “uh”, “well”, when he speaks. The characteristic of
spoken language that Mateo has taken advantage of is PERFORMANCE VARIABLES.
442. Testing creates different learning groups is NOT TRUE about testing.
443. The basic consideration in curriculum or syllabus design is the Needs of the Learners.
444. Action Research is at the instructional level and has classroom as its locale.
445. Morphology is a cueing system of language that is concerned with the analysis of
affixes in word formation.
446. Aira received her paper with the mark 4 before the sentence “They will go to Paris
next month.” The teacher wants Aira to indent four spaces.
447. Look at those pictures hanging on the wall. This is an example of a prototypical
sentence.
448. An intensive pronoun can be left out in a sentence without changing the sentence
meaning.
449. Civic is an example of Palindrome (read the same if spelled reversely) 450. Among
the four basic types of assessment task in speaking, Imitative requires “parroting”
back words, phrases, and sentences that students hear.
451. Linguistic Competence is described as the ability to recognize elements of the
writing system, knowledge of vocabulary, and knowledge of how words are
structured into sentences.
452. Vocabulary Development is NOT a domain in the Grade 11-12 Language Arts
Curriculum.
453. Students went to the library and looked into the title, synopses, introduction, first
sentence, and parts of the book. This is Survey Reading.
454. The kind of questions that must be asked after presenting a lesson on animal
protection and situations that endanger species is general queries on animal
protection.
455. Teacher Keith learned in his graduate degree that language learning could also be a
result of cognitive processes, or the act of knowing something. This is a result of
Content-based Instruction.
456. The vocal variable that dictates the highness and lowness of your voice is Pitch.
457. The percentage allotted for written output in the K-12 grading system specifically the
language subject is 30%.
458. “Evergreen” in journalism means that it can 1 be published anytime.
459. Remedial is an assessment used to address 7 gap in basic skills.
460. Being willing to suspend judgment until sufficient evidence is presented helps the
students develop the habit of critical thinking.
461. The teacher gave the class a group assignment. The class must come up with a
possible solution to the vandalism problem in school. Each group is expected to
come up with a proposal. The speaking task she is using is Interactive.
462. “That’s a lot!” is an example of a contraction.
463. /w/ is a voiced glide.
464. A limitation if the story employs a child as a narrator is inadequate perception.
465. The characteristics of effective speech based on Cicero’s canons of rhetoric include:
invention, disposition, elocution, pronunciation, and memory.
466. You want to explore the effective methods used in improving the children’s way of
using the language in the classroom. The best respondents of your study would be
the Teachers.
467. If you want to discuss about Ballad in your class, you should NOT teach your students
that ballad typically is historical and condensed.
468. Grammar-translation method is a teacher-dominated method.
469. The type of words that a child may be able to comprehend using context clues are
known as potential/marginal vocabulary.
470. The Critical Foundation for reading, writing, and spelling and is the engine of learning
and thinking is cognitive development.
471. One cosmic truth holds in Hindu Mythology that “all things are simply a part of a
greater whole One.”
472. The Mahabharata contains 100,000 couplets divided into 18 parvans. 473. The body
of myths highly dominated by tales of courageous combatants, great feats, and
activities related to tribal life such as hunting and feasting is Norse Mythology.
474. A narrative within a narrative, such as the Canterbury Tales by Chaucer, is called
Frame Story.
475. Léopold Sédar Senghor is the leading figure of the Negritude Movement.
476. Zeus Polieus is the name of Zeus as God of the State.
477. Titanomachy is a victorious 10-year series of battles of the Olympian gods against
the Titans in Thessaly.
478. Cavalier Poems are known as “carpe diem” or “seize the day” poetry.
479. If Divine Comedy is characterized by absolute faith in a single truth, Boccaccio’s
Decameron is BEST described as a complete negation of Christian Doctrine.
480. Both Realism and Naturalism oppose the earlier literary and artistic cycle
Romanticism.
481. Panday Pira is the play of Jose M. Hernandez that tells of an artisan who forged
cannons for the use of the Spaniards.
482. Among the Elizabethan playwrights, Dante does NOT belong in the group.
483. Gnomic verses are the earliest form of literacy expressed during the pre-colonial
period in Philippine Literature. Riddle is NOT an example of Gnomic verse.
484. Reader’s Theatre is best described as Readers do a lot of actions.
485. The two groups at war in The Iliad are the Trojans and Achaens.
486. The Ifugao hero in the epic Hudhud is Aliguyon.
487. Literal Comprehension is the lowest level of comprehension.
488. Nadine Gordimer is a South African novelist and short story writer whose major
themes are on exile and alienation, won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1991.
489. The story of a scholar who sold his soul to the Devil in exchange for knowledge is
entitled Faust.
490. The goal of English language teaching in the Philippines is to produce learners who
can communicate accurately, fluently, and appropriately.
491. The Greek alphabet is adopted from the consonantal writings of the Phoenicians.
492. Fine arts and literature flourished during the T’ang dynasty which is viewed as the
Golden Age of Chinese civilization.
493. Maya is the Hindu belief that life is an illusion.
494. The type of novel popular in the 18th Century is Epistolary.
495. Rousseau’s The Social Contract is among the most important works in political
philosophy.
496. Euripide’s purpose in producing Medea is to criticize Greek behavior.
497. The purpose of Filipino folk narratives is to teach proper behavior.
498. The poetry of Ezra Pound is best described as imagist.
499. “Have a good bank account, a good cook, and a good digestion.” Rousseau is
pertaining to security.
500. In the “Fall of the House Usher”, the name of the woman who is entombed alive is
Lady Madeline.
501. Manuel Arguilla is known for using local color in his stories.
502. Comedia was used to express social protest during the early days of American
regime
503. The usual ending of a Comedia is the victory of Christians.
504. Parang Sabil is an epic about the exploits of early Muslim warriors who fought in
defense of Islam.
505. Naturalism is the literary movement in the American Literature that examines life as
it is.
506. Buddhism was imported from India to China during the Han Dynasty.
507. Lady Murasaki Shikibu is the author of The Tale of Genji.
508. Ballad is NOT a lyric poem.
509. Hector died at the end of the Iliad. Achilles’ death was never mentioned in the epic.
510. Madame Brovary is considered as the BEST example of French Symbolism.
511. A Metrical Tale is an ordinary story told in verse.
512. The reason behind the Declaration of Independence is because of the tyrant leaders.
513. It took 20 years before Philippines got its name.
514. H.P. Ladera is the author of “Land of the Morning”
515. Optimism is a predominant characteristic of Eastern Religion.
516. A character of a good writing program is: students are assigned authentic writing
tasks.
517. Direct-instruction component is the heart of remedial session.
518. An ideal school-based remedial session should have 3-10 learners.
519. The problem of a student who constantly reads pat as bat and got as dot is
graphophonic correspondence.
520. The foremost problem for a remedial program in the Philippines is cost and
resources.
521. The primary goal of remedial instruction in English is to help students cope with the
demands of their current level.
522. Syllabus is NOT a variable of Munby’s Communicative Needs Process model.
523. Register Analysis analyses the speech variety used by a group of people with the
same occupation.
524. Learning-centered BEST describes ESP. 1
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525. A reader got 30 correct answers out of 40-item cloze test. This reader can be
categorized under independent reading level.
526. A listener who hears sounds in the background but ignores them is into marginal
listening.
527. When a teacher incorporates teaching of grammar with other disciplines such as
science, the teacher is using notional-functional syllabus.
528. Philippine Literature and World Literature are compulsory subjects for Grade 12
students in the K-12 curriculum.
529. Creates different learning groups is NOT true about testing.
530. The two categories of a literary test are Literary Information and Literary
Interpretation.
531. If the textbook evaluator is examining the relationship of tests and exercises to the
learner needs and course content, he is doing internal evaluation.
532. Elaborating is a principle in writing instructional materials which provides
opportunities for students to transform information from one form to another and to
apply new information to prior knowledge using various techniques.
533. The stages of literary learning are: First Encounters, Maintaining Momentum,
Exploiting Highlights, and Ending.
534. Curriculum Evaluation is the phase in curriculum cycle where designers plan changes
in the curriculum.
535. Teachers should always base their assessment on learning outcomes.
536. In teaching basal readers, teaching strategy should be phonics-based.
537. Among the basic types of speaking task, extensive speaking requires students to
present ORAL REPORTS in the classroom.
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