T&C of MV Busbar Differential Protections

25/06/2022
IIEE Abu Dhabi 5 CPD Points
1 st Power System Conference

Hosted by:
Power & Energy System
(PES) Group
Engr. Louie John Jimenez Engr. Yavuz Yati Engr. Mark Anthony Galo
Test Engineer Senior Engineer Protection Engineer
Manila Electric Company Siemens LLC Abu Dhabi Distribution Company
Design, Testing and Commissioning of Testing and Commissioning of MV
Fundamentals of Substation
Substation and Control Monitoring Busbar Differential Protections
Equipment Maintenance and Testing
Systems (SCMS) for Primary Substation
June 25, 2022 (Saturday) 9am-6pm (UAE) | 1pm-10pm (PHL) Zoom Video Meeting
IIEE 2022 Theme: "LEADERSHIFT: Rising above Adversity through Passion and Commitment Leading on the Road to Recovery”
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IIEE Abu Dhabi 5 CPD Points
1 st Power System Conference

Hosted by:
Power & Energy System
(PES) Group
Testing and Commissioning of MV

Busbar Differential Protections
Engr. Mark Anthony Galo
Protection Engineer
Abu Dhabi Distribution Company
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TECHNICAL SEMINAR OUTLINE:

1. POWER SYSTEM OBJECTIVES
2. OBJECTIVES OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
3. BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
4. OVERVIEW OF AIR-INSULATED SWITCHGEARS AND GAS-
INSULATED SWITCHGEARS
5. BUSBAR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION SCHEME FOR 33/11 kV
PRIMARY SUBSTATION
5.1 High-Impedance Busbar Differential Protection
5.2 Low-Impedance Busbar Differential Protection
6. BUSBAR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM DEVICES,
HARDWARES AND COMPONENTS
7. CASE STUDIES AND POWER SYSTEM SIMULATIONS
ILLUSTRATING THE STABILITY AND SENSITIVITY OF HIGH-
IMPEDANCE BUSBAR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION SCHEME
8. SITE ACCEPTANCE TEST ON MV BUSBAR DIFFERENTIAL
PROTECTION SCHEMES
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POWER SYSTEM OBJECTIVES:

 The purpose of an electrical power system is to generate, transmit and distribute
electrical power and energy to consumers reliably, safely, efficiently and economically.
 Power system shall be operated continuously without major breakdown to ensure the
maximum return on the large investment in the equipment and to provide maximum
customer satisfaction for reliable service.
 The Mission of the Distribution System Operators is to provide safe, reliable, affordable,
sustainable electricity access for the communities they serve.
 DSOs define their business model and lead in the energy transition by providing new,
flexible services and investing in advance assets.
 The critical role that DSOs is to keep power quality stable-balancing volatile demand
and supply while avoiding congestion and interruption.
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OBJECTIVES OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION:

1. To safeguard the entire system to maintain the continuity of supply.
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2. To ensure safety of personnel.
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3. To minimize the damage of the associated substation equipment
and repair cost.
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The following power system equipment should be protected from
electrical short circuits to keep the operation continuously without
major breakdowns.
 Generators
 Power Transformers
 Reactors
 Capacitors
 Switchgears/Busbars
 Cables
Auxiliary Transformers
 Motors
 UPS (Rectifiers, Inverters and Battery Banks)
 Overhead Line Conductors
 Distribution Transformers
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BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION:

1. Selective-To detect and isolate the faulty item only. 3. Fast-To isolate faults quickly to
protect the equipment from major
2. Stable-To keep the healthy sections operational. breakdown
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Switchgear is the combination of electrical disconnect switches, fuses or circuit

breakers used to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment.
Switchgear is used as manual Point Of Isolation (POI) to de-energize equipment
to allow work to be done in a safely manner and automatic isolation of section or
equipment in an event of an electrical faults.
Switchgears generally have three (3) high voltage compartments, namely circuit breaker
compartment, busbar compartment, current transformer and cable compartment, which
are separated by partitions.
Switchgears which have compartments with metal partitions that are intended to be
earthed are called metal-clad switchgears.
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Air-Insulated Switchgear:
Circuit Breaker Busbars
Current Transformers
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Air Insulated Switchgear
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Gas-Insulated Switchgear-features vacuum as the

interrupting medium and SF6 gas as the main insulation.
SIEMENS 8DA10 Medium Voltage Gas-Insulated Switchgear
Equivalent One-Line Diagram
Busbar
Compartment
Three-
Position
Disconnector
Circuit Breaker
Compartment Circuit
Breaker
Current
Transformer
Voltage
Transformer
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Gas-Insulated Switchgear
Equivalent One-Line
Diagram
Busbar
Compartment
Busbar Three-
Position
Busbar Housing Disconnector
Three-Position Disconnector
Upper Bushing Circuit Breaker
Circuit Breaker Housing Compartment Circuit
Breaker
Vacuum Interrupter
Current Transformer Current

Transformer
Lower Bushing
Voltage
Transformer
Panel Connection Housing
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Per-Pole Cross-Sectional Arrangement of Gas Compartments
View
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Arrangement of Gas Compartments
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Equivalent One-Line
ABB ZX2 Gas-Insulated Medium Voltage Switchgear Diagram
Busbar
Compartment
Three-
Position
Disconnector
Circuit Breaker
B-Busbar Compartment
Compartment Circuit
Breaker
Current
Transformer
Cable Termination
A-Circuit Breaker Compartment Compartment
Voltage
Transformer
C-Cable Termination Compartment
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ABB ZX2 Gas-Insulated Medium Voltage Switchgear
The circuit breaker compartment
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The busbar compartment
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The cable termination compartment
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SF6 Gas as an Insulating Medium

1. SF6 gas has excellent insulating qualities which is ideally
suited for high voltage applications.
2. SF6 gas extinguishes arcs rapidly than other insulating medium.
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Work Breakdown Structure for the Installation of GIS:

WBS
1. Site verification for the foundation, installation
and floor fixing.
2. Checking the SF6 gas pressure in the circuit
breaker compartment. By default, the housings of
circuit-breakers and are filled with SF6 gas at the
factory.
3. Switchgear alignment and assembly.
4. Cleaning and vacuuming of busbar
compartment.
5. SF6 gas filling.
6. Measurement of SF6 gas quality.
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GIS Flange-to-flange Connections:
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BUSBAR PROTECTION:
A bus is a critical element of a power system since it is the point of convergence of
many circuits, transmission, distribution, generation or loads.
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BUSBAR PROTECTION:
Busbars are frequently left without protection due to the following reasons:
1. The busbars and switchgear have a high degree of reliability, to the point of being
regarded as basically safe.
2. The system depends on back-up protection such as overcurrent protection.
3. Expensive busbar protection system due to the required number of current transformers
for high-impedance busbar differential scheme and current transformers, central units
and bay units for low-impedance busbar differential protection scheme.
4. Maloperation of the busbar protection system.
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BUSBAR PROTECTION:
However, busbar faults do occur.
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Busbar Differential Protection

Differential Protection applies the Kirchoff’s Current Law (KCL) and compares the
currents entering and leaving the protected equipment of the substation such as
the generators, power transformers, cables and busbars.
The High Impedance Busbar Differential
Protection shall be stable during external faults
and sensitive for an internal faults.
Current Transformers Current Transformers
Metrosils Stabilizing Resistors

(Non-linear Resistors)
Numerical High
Impedance Relay
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Busbar Differential Protection

Logic representation of an electric relay:
Current Transformers-provide
insulation from the higher-system
voltages and a reduction of the
primary current and voltage
quantities.
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Busbar Differential Protection Current Transformers

Required CTs for the High-Impedance Busbar Differential Protection
1. Class TPS low leakage current

transformer performance is defined by the
secondary excitation characteristic and
turns ratio limits. No limit on remanent flux
(IEC 60044-6).
2. Class PX is the definition in IEC 60044-1
for the quasi-transient current transformers
formerly covered by Class X of BS 3938,
which is usually used for the main
protection relays.
3. The knee point voltage, Vk of each CT
should be at least twice the stability
Voltage, Vs.
Vk=2Vs
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Stability Limit Voltage, Vs
The protection relay must remain stable under maximum through fault condition, when a
voltage is developed across the protection due to the fault current.
By KVL:
VS = ISCMAX(RCT+2RL)
Where:
VS stability limit voltage
ISCMAX Maximum through fault current referred to
secondary
RCT CT winding resistance
RL Wire lead resistances
RL RST
RCT
VS Rr
ISCMAX RL
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Stability Limit Voltage, Vs
Calculation of Stability Limit Voltage, Vs:
Example:
Calculate the stability limit voltage of the 33-kV high-impedance busbar protection using the given CT nameplate data:
Class TPS (X)
CT Ratio=1,250/1 A
RCT = 4.6185 Ω
Size of CT Cable: 4.0 mm2
Copper Resistance at 75oC = 0.00541 Ω/m
Distance from switchgear to BBP panel=50 m 2RL = 2[0.00541(50)]=0.541 Ω
BBP Relay Current Coil Resistance=0.2 Ω 31,500 A
Maximum through fault current=31.5 kA I =
1,250
ISCMAX=25.2 A
RL RST
By KVL:
VS = ISCMAX(RCT+2RL)
RCT
VS = 25.2(4.6185+0.541)
VS Rr
IS RL VS = 130.0194 V
Vk = 2VS
Vk = 2(130.0194 V)
Vk = 260.0388 V
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Busbar Differential Protection – Stabilizing Resistors

Stabilizing Resistors-provide stability of the busbar differential

protection for all through faults.
RL
RCTn RCT2 RCT1
Rr Vk’
ISn IS2 IS1 RL
(a) Equivalent CT Secondary Circuit (Paralleled CTs)

When a CT becomes total saturated, its secondary winding can be considered as a resistance rather than a current source.
Note: If the burden of the numerical high-impedance relay is equal to 0.2 VA, therefore, at a nominal current of 1 A, Rr=0.2 .
RST
RL RCTn RCT1 RL
RCTn RCT2 RCT1 RCT2
4.6  RCT > Rrelay RCT < RST + Rrelay
Rr Vk ’ Rr Vk’
IS1 0.2  ISn IS1
ISn RL RL
(b) Equivalent CT Secondary Circuit of Paralleled CTs showing saturated current (c) Equivalent CT Secondary Circuit of Paralleled CTs showing saturated current transformer, CT2
transformer, CT2. and the added stabilizing resistor, RST.
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Busbar Differential Protection - Metrosils

Metrosils are used to limit the peak voltage developed by the current
transformers under internal fault conditions, to a value below the insulation
level of the current transformers, relay and interconnecting leads, which
are normally able to withstand 3,000V peak.
RST
RCTn RCT1 RL
RCT2
Rr M Vk’
ISn IS2 IS1 RL
(c) Equivalent CT Secondary Circuit of Paralleled CTs with stabilizing resistor, RST and metrosil, M.
𝑉 = 2𝑥 2𝑽𝑲 𝑰𝑴𝑨𝑿𝑺𝑬𝑪 𝑰𝒏𝒕 𝑭𝒂𝒖𝒍𝒕

𝑥 𝑹𝑺𝑻 − 𝑽𝑲
VPEAK < 3,000 Volts
Regardless of the calculated value of VPEAK, it is a good practice to install

a Metrosil for all high-impedance differential protection schemes.
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High Impedance Busbar Differential Protection – Single Busbar

33-kV, 31.5-kA
In=1,250 A
Q1 Q5 Q1 Q5 Q1 Q5 Q1 Q5
Q0 Q0 Q0 Q0
Q1
Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 RST
P1 S1 P1 S1 P1 S1 P1 S1
Q5 Q1 Q5 Q5 Q1 Q5 M
CT Ratio
87B
1,250/1 A
P2 S2 P2 P2 P2
S2 S2 S2
Incomer Outgoing Outgoing Outgoing

Feeder Feeder Feeder Feeder
H01 H02 H03 H04
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Bistable Relays for the CT Secondary Circuit Auto-Change Over
7PA2231-1 FAST LOCK-OUT RELAY 8 CHANGE OVER CONTACTS

OPERATING TIME 10MS
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Fail-Safe Logic of Busbar Protection CTs

Outgoing Cable Feeder
Substation A Substation B (Open-Point)

Earth-switch will be
closed prior to the
execution of the cable
F Three-Phase Fault works.
Q1 Q5 Q1 Q5
To prevent false tripping of the
busbar protection due to remote
energizing of locally earthed
outgoing feeders, a fail-safe logic
shall be provided for those circuits
to short and isolate automatically
the related main CT when the
feeder is being earthed.
Q0 Q0
Busbar Protection Busbar
will operate and trip Protection CTs
all the respective
circuit breakers of Q1
Substation A
Busbar Q1
Protection Q5
CTs
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High Impedance Busbar Differential Protection – Double Busbars
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High Impedance Busbar Differential Protection – Double

Busbars
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High Impedance Busbar Differential Protection – Double Busbars

Check Zone Relay-provides an extra level of security by monitoring the incomer and
outgoing feeders of the busbar
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Trip Circuit of Busbar Differential Protection

+DC +DC +DC
+DC
I/O-Switch I/O-Switch I/O-Switch
TB.87B-DZ TB.87B-DZ TB.87B-DZ
87B-DZ 87B-DZ 87B-DZ
TB.87B-DZ TB.87B-DZ TB.87B-DZ
K86.1-H01 K86.2-H02 K86.3-H03

Switchgear
TB.87B-CZ TB.87B-CZ TB.87B-CZ
Trip Trip Trip

Links Links Links
87B-CZ 87B-CZ 87B-CZ
TC1 TC2 TC1 TC2 TC1 TC2

H01 H02 H02
Q0 Q0 Q0 TB.87B-CZ TB.87B-CZ TB.87B-CZ
K86.1 K86.2 K86.3

H01 H02 H03
-DC -DC -DC -DC

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Matrix for CB Tripping, CB Close Blocking and Signaling from Busbar Differential
Protection
Protection TC-1 TC-2 Close SCMS DMS

Block
87B1 H01 H01 H01  
87B1 H02 H02 H02  
87B1 H03 H03 H03  
87B1 H04 H04 H04  
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Stability of High Impedance Busbar Differential Protection

H01 H02 H03 H04 33-kV, 31.5-kA
In=1,250 A
5,998 A
Q1 Q5 Q1 Q5 Q1 Q5 Q1 Q5
Q0 Q0 Q0 Q0
Let:
I1=H01 CT Secondary Current
5,998 A I2=H04 CT Secondary Current
5,998 A
Ir=Current flowing in the relay
Ir
X
Q1
Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 RST
P1 S1 P1 S1 P1 S1 P1 S1
Q5 Q1 Q5 Q5 Q1 Q5 M
CT Ratio
4.8 A 4.8 A 87B
1,250/1 A
P2 S2 P2 P2 P2
S2 S2 S2
F Applying KCL at Node X:
5,998 A -I1+I2+Ir=0
Ir=I1-I2
Incomer Outgoing Outgoing Outgoing Ir=4.8 A-4.8 A
Ir=0 A
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Sensitivity of High Impedance Busbar Differential Protection

H01 H02 H03 H04 33-kV, 31.5-kA
F
5,998 A In=1,250 A
5,998 A
Q1 Q5 Q1 Q5 Q1 Q5 Q1 Q5
Q0 Q0 Q0 Q0
Let:
I1=H01 CT Secondary Current
Ir=Current flowing in the relay
5,998 A
Ir
X
Q1
Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 Q1 RST
P1 S1 P1 S1 P1 S1 P1 S1
Q5 Q1 Q5 Q5 Q1 Q5 M
CT Ratio
4.8 A 87B
1,250/1 A
P2 S2 P2 P2 P2
S2 S2 S2
Applying KCL at Node X:
-I1+Ir=0
Ir=I1
Incomer Outgoing Outgoing Outgoing Ir=4.8 A
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High-Impedance Busbar Differential Protection

Configuration Using Reydisp Evolution Software
System Configuration
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CT Configuration
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Function Configuration
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Current Differential Protection
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Current Transformer Supervision
RST
RCTn RCT1 RL
RCT2
Rr V ’
k
ISn IS2 IS1 RL
Equivalent CT Secondary Circuit of Paralleled CTs with stabilizing resistor, RST and metrosil, M.
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CT Supervision - Automatic Shorting of the CT Secondary Circuit
If a CT secondary becomes open-circuit, or if the wiring to the CT is
broken, a current unbalance will be created in the Relay circuit. This
may exceed the operating level in which case the protection has no
option but to cause a trip.
Load Currents
Is1 = 0.45 A CTR=1,250/1 A Ip1 = 562.5 A Incomer
Is2 = 0.25 A CTR=1,250/1 A Ip2 = 312.5 A Feeder
Is3 = 0.2 A CTR=1,250/1 A Ip3 = 250 A Feeder
RST Ir = 0 A RST Ir = 0.25 A

IS2 = 0.25 A
0A RL
RCT3 RCT1 RL RCT3 RCT2 RCT1
RCT2 CT
IS = 0.45 A
1
Rr 0.2 A 0.45 A Shorting Rr Vk’
Vk’
Is3 = 0.2 A RL Relay
RL
(a) Equivalent CT Secondary Circuit of Paralleled CTs in stable condition. (b) Equivalent CT Secondary Circuit of Paralleled CTs with stabilizing resistor, metrosil,
numerical high-impedance differential relay and opened CT Secondary Circuit of Feeder 2.
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Binary Input and General Alarm Configuration
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Binary Output Configuration
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LED and Pick-up Configuration
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Trigger Waveform Records – Analogues
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Trigger Waveform Records – Binary Input and Output
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Low Impedance Busbar Differential Protection

1. The distributed busbar consists of
compact Bay Units which are
connected to the Central Unit by fiber-
optic cables.
2. The line currents of all feeders are
measured time-synchronized,
digitalized, preprocessed by the Bay
Units and transmitted to the Central
Unit via the fast serial port or IEC
61850 process bus.
3. The Bay Units capture the
disconnector and circuit breaker
positions and bay-related binary input
signals, process functions of the
breaker failure protection and fulfil auto
diagnosis tasks
4. The Central Unit reads in time-
synchronized measured currents from
the connected bay units and
processes them together with binary
information from the protection
functions.
5. The Central Unit transmits the
results of the calculations cyclically to
the Bay Units, which perform logical
combinations of the results.
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6. A busbar short-circuit is
detected by evaluating the
differential current and the
stabilizing current.
7. The differential currents are
cyclically calculated in the
Central Unit by adding the
measured load currents
vectorially from respective Bay
Units of the incoming and
lizing current. outgoing feeders of the busbars.
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8. Zone-selective calculation of differential and stabilizing currents are made based on the
disconnector status.
Primary Current Injection in H34 and H37 (R-R)

Diff-current threshold – selective Id> BZ = 1.2 I/Ino = 1.2 (2,500 A) = 3,000 A
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Substation Configuration Using DIGSI 4 Software
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Bay Unit Allocation
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I/O Configuration Matrix
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Substation Data – Nominal Frequency
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Group of Parameters
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Protection General
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Busbar Protection
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Check Zone
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Breaker Failure
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Monitoring
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Differential Current Supervision
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Circuit Breaker and Disconnection Supervision
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Circuit Breaker Testing
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Bay Unit Setting
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Bay Unit - Breaker Failure Settings
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Bay Unit – End Fault Stage
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Oscillographic Fault Record Settings
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Measurements
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Bay Unit – Power System Data
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Bay Unit – Option for Back-up Overcurrent and Earth-Fault Protection
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33-kV Busbar Differential Protection Modelling and Case Study
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Modelling and Case Study

33-kV High-Impedance Busbar Differential Protection
The positions of the CTs define the Zone of Protection
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H02-Current Transformer
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Differential Relay
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The same modelling process shall be followed for BB2.1.
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Case Study 1 – Sequence Of Operation
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Internal Fault in the Power Transformer
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Internal Fault in the 33-kV Busbars BB1.1
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Internal Fault in the 33-kV Busbars BB2.2
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TYPES OF TESTS
COMMISSIONING TEST – makes the system working
OBJECTIVES:
1. To determine whether equipment was damaged or
changed during shipping and field installation.
2. To ensure that equipment is installed and wired properly.
3. To verify that protection engineers entered appropriate
settings and option selections.
4. To observe interaction with the circuit breakers.
5. To ensure that the relay meets the requirements of the
intended application.
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE TESTS – to verify that
the system is still working
OBJECTIVES:
1. To detect in-service failures of components, wiring,
interfaces, communications, or revision of settings or
configurations.
2. To test correctness of wiring or switching configuration
that could be changed by maintenance elsewhere in
thee substation, including polarity or phase rotation or
changing the tap of the current transformers.
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Site Acceptance Test on Busbar Differential Protection

1. Component Testing on DC Supply Auto Change-Over, Lock-Out and
Bistable Relays.
1.1 Timing Test
1.2 Burden Measurement
2. Secondary Injection Test on Differential Relays
2.1 Differential Current Pick-up Test
2.2 Sensitivity Test
2.3 Stability Test
2.4 Slope Characteristic Test
2.3 Timing Test
3. Stability and Sensitivity Test on Busbar Differential Protection
3.1 Primary Current Injection
3.2 Three-phase Voltage Injection for Stability and Sensitivity Test
4. Final Trip Test
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PROTECTION RELAY TEST KITS

Megger
Programma:
FREJA 300
SVERKER 760 FREJA 549
OMICRON CMC 256plus OMICRON CMC 356
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OVERVIEW OF PROTECTION RELAY TEST KIT

TYPICAL EQUIVALENT DIAGRAM OF PROTECTION RELAY TEST KIT:
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Component Testing on DC Supply Auto Change-Over, Lock-Out and Bistable Relays.
DC Voltage Injection
Contact Operating
Time Measurement
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Secondary Injection Test on Busbar Differential Relay

1. Differential Current Pick-up Test
2. Stability Test
3. Sensitivity Test
4. Slope Characteristic Test
5. Timing Test
6. Trip Test
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PROCEDURES FOR THE SECONDARY INJECTION TEST ON BAY UNITS:

1. Read the user manual of the relay test kit.
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2. Read the user manual of the protective relay.

7SS523 Bay Unit
Analog Inputs Binary Outputs
Binary Inputs
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2. Set-up the connection as per the user manual of the relay

test kit and relay which will be tested. I R
IY
IB
To Other
To Binary Outputs of Bay Unit
Respective Bay Units
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Sample Test Configuration Using Power DB Software from Megger
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Differential Current Pick-up Test
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Slope Characteristic
y = mx +b
d d
(y = mx +b)
dx dx
dy
= m(1) + 0)
dx
dy
=m
dx
Tripping Zone
m2=0.6 Stabilizing Zone
m1=0.3
Differential Current
Pick-up Current Setting
Id = 1.2 A
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Slope Characteristic Test Plan Preparation
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Slope Characteristic Test in Progress
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Slope Characteristic Test Results
Slope from Ibias 4-6:
y2-y1
m1 =
x2-x1
1.8-1.2
m1 =
6-4
m1 = 0.3
Slope from Ibias 6-8:
y2-y1
m2 =
x2-x1
3-1.8
m2 =
8-6
m2 = 0.6
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Sample Test Results

Omicron Test Universe Software
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Slope Characteristic Shot Test
To check the stability, sensitivity and selectivity of the Differential Relay
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TEST BLOCKS/PLUGS FOR SECONDARY INJECTION EQUIPMENT

It is common practice to
provide test blocks in the
relay circuits so that the
connections can be readily
made to the test equipment
without disconnecting any
existing wires of the
protection circuit.
The Test Block also provides

facility to carry-out live
maintenance testing without
shutting the respective bay.
CT circuits are shorted and
isolated
Tripping Circuits are isolated
Remote Alarm Local
Annunciation circuits are
isolated.
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107
The line-side terminals 21, 23, 25 and 27

should be jumpered before inserting
the test plug in order to short the
Protection CTs.
ALSTOM rms
MMLLB01 2RMLB-S7
TEST PLUG TEST PLUG
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1. Stability Test - Primary Current Injection in H34 and H37 (R-R)
109

Stability Test - Primary Current Injection in H34 and H37 (R-R)
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Stability Test - Primary Current Injection in H34 and H37 (R-B)
111

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33-kV, 31.5-kA
H34 300 A 300 A H37
In=2,500 A
R R
B B
300 A 300 A 300 A
300 A
300 A
Q1 Q5 300 A
Q0 Q0
Q0
Q0
Injected Current=300 A
R B R B
P1 P1 P1
P1
300 A
300 A 300 A
P2 P2 P2 300 A
P2
300 A
113
MAIN AND BACK-UP PROTECTION OF POWER TRANSFORMER:

33-kV Bus
1-Differential Protection
Q1 2-Restricted Earth-Fault Protection

Q5
3-Primary Overcurrent Protection
Q0 4-Secondary Overcurrent Protection
600-400/1 A
5-Stand-By Earth Fault Protection
CL X 6-Primary Metering Device
600-400/1 A
7-Seconday Metering Device
5P20 3
600-400/1 A
0.2FS10
6
8. Buchholz Relay
5 1,250/1 A
To Busbar Protection Relay
CL X – 87B
TR1
1,200/1 A 1,200/1 A 11. Trip Relay 9. Pressure Relief Device
 20-MVA
Class X 5P20
33/11.5 kV 1
%Z=11.5
4
1,250/1 A
CL X 10. Temperature Indicator
1,200/1 A 7
2 5P20
1,200/1 A
0.2FS5
1,200/1 A
Class X
Q0
Q5
11. Automatic Voltage Regulator
Q1
114
11-kV Bus Note: Metering devices are not part of power transformer protection
57
25/06/2022
STABILITY TEST ON TRANSFORMER AND BUSBAR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

per unit V
33-kV Bus per unit ISC3 =
per unit Z
Actual V
Q1 per unit V =
Q5 Q5
Base V
Q0 0.400 kV
per unit V = = 0.03478
600-400/1 A 600-400/1 A 11.5 kV
CL X – 87L CL X 0.0378
600-400/1 A 600-400/1 A
per unit ISC3 = = 0.302457
CL X – 50/51 and 50N/51N 5P20
0.115
20,000,000
600-400/1 A 600-400/1 A Base I = = 1,004.11 A
0.2FS10 0.2FS10 1.732 x 11,500
1,250/1 A
87B
CL X – 87B
1,250/1 A
Actual ISC3 = per unit ISC3 x Base I
87B
CL X – 87B
Actual ISC3 = 0.302457 x 1,004.11 A = 303.7 A
TR1
1,200/1 A 1,200/1 A
 20-MVA Buchholz Relay
G Class X 5P20
33/11.5 kV
%Z=11.5
400 Volts
1,250/1 A
Trip Relay
CL X Pressure Relief Device
1,200/1 A
5P20
1,200/1 A
0.2FS5
1,200/1 A
Class X Temperature Indicator
Q0
Q5
= 0.30245
Q1 115
11-kV Bus
STABILITY TEST ON TRANSFORMER AND BUSBAR DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

Actual ISC3 = 0.302457 x 1,004.11 A = 303.7 A
33-kV Bus
Q1
Q5 Q5 97 A
Q0
600-400/1 A 600-400/1 A
CL X – 87L CL X
600-400/1 A 600-400/1 A
CL X – 50/51 and 50N/51N 5P20
600-400/1 A 600-400/1 A
0.2FS10 0.2FS10
1,250/1 A
87B
CL X – 87B
1,250/1 A
87B
97 A CL X – 87B
TR1
1,200/1 A 1,200/1 A
 20-MVA
G Class X 5P20
33/11.5 kV
%Z=11.5 Buchholz Relay
400 Volts
290 A
1,250/1 A Trip Relay
Pressure Relief Device
CL X
1,200/1 A
5P20
1,200/1 A
0.2FS5
1,200/1 A
Temperature Indicator
Class X
Q0
Q5
= 0.30245
Q1 116
11-kV Bus
58
25/06/2022
117
118
59
25/06/2022
119
120
60
25/06/2022
121
122
61

T&amp;C of MV Busbar Differential Protections

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T&amp;C of MV Busbar Differential Protections

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25/06/2022

IIEE Abu Dhabi 5 CPD Points

1 st Power System Conference

IIEE Abu Dhabi 5 CPD Points

1 st Power System Conference

Testing and Commissioning of MV

TECHNICAL SEMINAR OUTLINE:

POWER SYSTEM OBJECTIVES:

OBJECTIVES OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION:

OBJECTIVES OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION:

OBJECTIVES OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION:

OBJECTIVES OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION:

BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION:

Switchgear is the combination of electrical disconnect switches, fuses or circuit

Circuit Breaker Busbars

Air Insulated Switchgear

Gas-Insulated Switchgear-features vacuum as the

Current Transformer Current

C-Cable Termination Compartment

SF6 Gas as an Insulating Medium

Work Breakdown Structure for the Installation of GIS:

GIS Flange-to-flange Connections:

Busbar Differential Protection

Metrosils Stabilizing Resistors

Busbar Differential Protection

Busbar Differential Protection Current Transformers

1. Class TPS low leakage current

Busbar Differential Protection Current Transformers

Busbar Differential Protection Current Transformers

Busbar Differential Protection – Stabilizing Resistors

Stabilizing Resistors-provide stability of the busbar differential

(a) Equivalent CT Secondary Circuit (Paralleled CTs)

Busbar Differential Protection - Metrosils

𝑉 = 2𝑥 2𝑽𝑲 𝑰𝑴𝑨𝑿𝑺𝑬𝑪 𝑰𝒏𝒕 𝑭𝒂𝒖𝒍𝒕

VPEAK < 3,000 Volts

Regardless of the calculated value of VPEAK, it is a good practice to install

High Impedance Busbar Differential Protection – Single Busbar

Incomer Outgoing Outgoing Outgoing

Bistable Relays for the CT Secondary Circuit Auto-Change Over

7PA2231-1 FAST LOCK-OUT RELAY 8 CHANGE OVER CONTACTS

Fail-Safe Logic of Busbar Protection CTs

Substation A Substation B (Open-Point)

High Impedance Busbar Differential Protection – Double Busbars

High Impedance Busbar Differential Protection – Double

High Impedance Busbar Differential Protection – Double Busbars

Trip Circuit of Busbar Differential Protection

I/O-Switch I/O-Switch I/O-Switch

TB.87B-DZ TB.87B-DZ TB.87B-DZ

87B-DZ 87B-DZ 87B-DZ

TB.87B-DZ TB.87B-DZ TB.87B-DZ

K86.1-H01 K86.2-H02 K86.3-H03

TB.87B-CZ TB.87B-CZ TB.87B-CZ

Trip Trip Trip

87B-CZ 87B-CZ 87B-CZ

TC1 TC2 TC1 TC2 TC1 TC2

K86.1 K86.2 K86.3

-DC -DC -DC -DC

Protection TC-1 TC-2 Close SCMS DMS

87B1 H02 H02 H02  

87B1 H03 H03 H03  

87B1 H04 H04 H04  

Stability of High Impedance Busbar Differential Protection

Sensitivity of High Impedance Busbar Differential Protection

High-Impedance Busbar Differential Protection

T&C of MV Busbar Differential Protections

T&C of MV Busbar Differential Protections