GED104: Teaching Social Science in Elementary

Education (culture and geography)

STRATEGIES in Teaching
AP and EsP in the K-12
Curriculum
 Learning Objectives:
In this lesson. Students should be able:
1. To know the overview of AP and EsP, the problem, and its possible
causes.
2. To know the objectives of the K-12 curriculum in AP and EsP
3. To acquaint with how to select and develop the most effective
strategies for teaching AP and EsP

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Teaching strategies in teaching AP and EsP 3
 INTRODUCTION
• Teaching is one of the professions that can bring about
something great if the right ideas and beliefs are
implemented in the classroom. In many cases, the true
purpose of teaching is not actually to teach students how to
memorize facts, and solve problems, but to lead students to
understand and apply the concepts being presented.

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 5
Teaching strategies in teaching AP and EsP
 HISTORY IS A BORING SUBJECT?

HISTORY
becomes boring because
Teachers make it boring.
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 Attributes of a K-12 Teacher

1.Multi-literate
2.Multi-specialist
3.Multi-skilled
4.Self-directed
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 Multi-literate
Teachers know how to use various
technologies in teaching.
(COT number 8. selects, develops,
organizes, and uses appropriate
teaching and learning resources,
including ICT, to address learning
goals)
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 Multi-specialist
Teachers are not only knowledgeable
in the subject area they are teaching
but in other areas as well so that they
can help the learner build up what
they gain in classrooms and outside
the school and make sense of what
was learned. (COT No. 1,2,3 and 4)
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 Multi-skilled
Teachers must be skillful not just
in teaching but also in facilitating
and organizing groups and
activities. (COT No. 4)
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 Self-directed
Teachers must know how to
initiate action and bring to fruition
the learning goals of the students
and the educational goals of the
country. (COT No. 4-9)
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 BEGIN WITH THE END IN MIND
“To begin with the end in mind means to
start with a clear understanding of your
destination. It means to know where you
are going so that you better understand
where you are now and so that the steps
you take are always in the right direction.”
– Stephen R. Covey (The 7 Habits of
Highly Effective People)
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 What I want my students to become

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 Desired Learning Competencies (DLC) in
Araling Panlipunan
•Pagsisisyasat
•Pagsusuri at interpretasyon
•Pananaliksik
•Komunikasyon
•Pagtupad sa pamantayang pang-etika
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 Desired Learning Competencies (DLC) in
EsP
•Pag-unawa
•Pagninilay
•Pagsangguni
•Pagpapasya
•Pagkilos
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“ A thousand teachers. a thousand
methods.
-Chinese Proverb
”
 TEACHING STRATEGY
VS
TEACHING TECHNIQUE
 •TEACHING STRATEGY
•It is a long-term plan of action designed to
achieve a particular goal.
•TEACHING TECHNIQUE
•- It is a well-defined procedure used to
accomplish a specific activity or task.
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 Factors to consider in the choice of Teaching
Strategy
•Instructional Objectives
•The nature of the subject matter
•The Learners
•The Teachers
•School Policies
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 Guiding Principles (del Rosario, 2014)
Effective teaching of AP and EsP is characterized
as:
•Meaningful
•Active
•Value-based
•Integrative
•Challenging
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 1. Effective AP teaching is Meaningful
•It is meaningful when students see the relevance
and connection of their lesson to their lives
because it has real-world application. It also
becomes meaningful when students are
challenged to use disciplined inquiry or use high-
order thinking skills to construct meaning.
•It is meaningful when learning is authentic.
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 2. Effective AP teaching is Integrative
•The subject itself is an integration of several
interrelated disciplines-history, economics,
geography, political science, sociology,
anthropology, archeology, and psychology.
•It is sensitive to and integrates multiple
intelligences and learning styles of the students.

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 2. Effective AP teaching is Integrative
•It integrates cognitive skills required in other
disciplines as it provides opportunities for
students to conduct an inquiry, develop display
data, synthesize findings, and make judgments.

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 3. Effective teaching of AP is Value-based
•Powerful and effective AP/EsP teaching is value
driven because its intended outcomes the
development of the mamamayang maka-diyos,
makakalikasan, makabansa at makatao.
•Students learn democracy by experiencing
democracy right there in the classroom.

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 3. Effective teaching of AP is Value-based
•Its lessons are full of value-laden
concerns and issues where students
listen to competing arguments, assess
the merits of competing arguments,
and make informed and value-based
decisions.
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 The 3-level strategy includes the teaching of:

•Fact (first level)

•Concept (second level)
•and values (third level)

Presentation title 26
 4. Effective AP teaching is Active
•It requires students to process and
think about what they are learning.
Active learning is “hands-on-minds-on-
hearts-on”

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 4. Effective AP teaching is Active

•Students work individually or

collaboratively, using rich and varied
sources, to reach understandings, make
decisions, discuss issues and solve
problems.
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 4. Effective AP teaching is Active
•Students interact with teachers by
asking and answering questions as
teachers explain.
•Students also interact with learning
materials.
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 5. Effective AP teaching is Challenging
•Learning tasks should neither be too easy
to bore the students nor too difficult to
discourage them.
•Teachers should know their students
more than anything else and so are in the
best position to determine when the
learning tasks are neither too easy nor
too difficult.
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 Reminder
The task of the teacher today is not to complete the
learning process but to continue it; not to cover the whole
subject but to help students understand the process of
acquiring knowledge; not to encourage the answering of
questions but to question the answer; not to stress
remembering and reviewing but to build a program of
practical applications from the students so they will
remember and review; not to dictate but to guide students
toward living fuller and more responsible lives. (Sharkan,
1982)
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 •The Enhanced Basic Act 2013 (K
to 12 Law) states that curriculum
should be “culture-sensitive”,
“contextualized, and global.”

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 The Guiding principles in the teaching of AP/EsP
can be summarized in the acronym MAVIC.
MAVIC
1. M-eaningful-
2. A-ctive
3. V-alue Base
4. I-ntegrative
5. C-hallenging

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 Meaningful- Lesson is Meaningful when:
✓It is relevant and connected to students’ lives
including prior experiences.
✓It is taught with depth not just memorizing isolated
bits of information and superficial content coverage
for the test.
✓It challenges the students to employ life-critical and
creative thinking skills
✓Lesson is learned by doing
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 A-ctive Learning is “hands-on, minds-on,
heart-on”. Learning is ACTIVE when:
✓Students discuss issues, solve problems, and make
decisions themselves
✓Students interact with the teacher
✓Students interact with classmates
✓Students interact with learning materials

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 V-alue-based- Lessons have both cognitive and
affective dimensions. Lessons are meant to develop
students with a mind and a heart. AP teaching is
value-based when:

✓Lessons make use of value-laden concerns and

issues where students are expected to come up with
informed and value-based decisions.

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 V-alue-based- Lessons have both cognitive and
affective dimensions. Lessons are meant to develop
students with a mind and a heart. AP teaching is
value-based when:
✓AP lessons students engage in experiences that
develop them to become good citizens of a
democratic form of government

✓AP lessons balance the cerebral approach with an

emotional touch
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 I-ntegrative- AP teaching is enriched by employing
a multidisciplinary approach. By its very nature, AP
as a subject consists of a number of interrelated
disciplines. AP teaching is integrative when:

✓Lessons integrate other disciplines.

✓Lessons connect the past, the present, and the future.
✓Considers students’ multiple intelligence and learning styles.
✓Make use of cognitive skills used in other disciplines such as interpreting
data, and drawing conclusions.

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 C-hallenging- AP teaching is challenging when
it requires real effort on the part of students to
learn. AP lessons are challenging when:

✓They are not too easy to take for granted not

difficult to turn off students.
✓They inject novelty into exercises, so they are
different from the usual and familiar.
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 Types of Strategies According to Scope
•Isahang Pagkatuto (Individualized
Instruction)

•Pangkatang Pagkatuto (Group

Instruction)
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 Types of Strategies According to Scope
•Isahang Pagkatuto (Individualized
Instruction)

•Pangkatang Pagkatuto (Group

Instruction)
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Teaching strategies in teaching AP and EsP 42
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 Types of Strategies According to Learning
Modality
•Visual (nakikita),
•Auditory (naririnig),
•Tactile (nahihipo),
•Kinesthetic (nasasakilos o
naiisagawa)
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Teaching strategies in teaching AP and EsP 45
Things to Remember:

There is no such thing as the best teaching

strategy.
The best strategy is the one works, the
one that yields the BEST results.
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 What I want my students to become

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 “Let our KNOWLEDGE be of
service not only for the
attainment of our goals but also
for the benefit of OTHERS.”

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 Shukran

References: Department of Education 49