Y be a function

Defini cion3.12
nn_letfi.it 1 tl
We
fis_Hiffexil
1
say texelimpliecxi
We
say f is xzTfnlfor all y
euto EY we have

y fixl far some XEX

Wha f is It and onto

nedetieteinvgq.gg
fly by fly if fixl y
三 x
x

flflixl x.lf.fi iyky for xex y EY

y
Iltgfixl
I

Example
al f no 01 10 ol Xrsx2
Ì
f no o 0 01
yrsy
X
x 1 e
127 f IR 10 07

f 10 01 IR yrslogy
 10 x1 x
137 f 10 01

f
f Theaem3.13_n_letIkeaninte.ru
nl and f I IR
ther f I
If f is 1 1 and iantinnous J is

an interval f is strictly monotone and f J I

f I f III is 1 1 ant onto
f is defined

is continuous and strictly monotone

Recall
intermediate value theorem

器
坙哭 iRbea.antinn.us function

If yo lies between fcal and fcbl then there is

an xo E Ca b such that fixol y

iii 無 sunt
let yo E Cid7 We have c fial d fcbl fer some

a b E I By Theaen 2 10 there is x.EC9 b

such that fix 7 yo yo EJ
Hence J is an interval

Suppose f is not
strictly monotone

there are ab e E I such that a a cab but

does not lie between fial
fcy and feb
Assume
fialcfcbl.creplacingfkg tiff.ae sfibl
Ther either feel cfcalcfcbl a
fialcfcblaficy
By The aen b
2.10 applied to
f a IR
or
f La R
there nx.EC b
Xo E Ca c
a lush that
fix fial a fcxo f s

x a w Xo b since f is 1 1

cartratiztan to acccb

Hence f is
stiltly monotone Assume
f 3
stctly increasing
Show that f J I B
strictly increasing

let yi.ge J with yicy We have yi fun and

yr fuel
fw some Xi Xnt I

Sine fexiaf X2 and f is strict

y monotone

Xi X2

fiyik fly x flyil and x2 fiyzl

Shan that f J I is areinncus

Let y EJ and I yu3nikeaseqne.nu with yn J

and
byu y Shan that hfiyul fiyi
Suppose not there is a subsequence
dynuiiofiynli
as Eso such that I flgl fiynall Efn all

hzl inf

i.in
If fiylcflylts fkynal ycyun
sinee f is striely increasing

Sinee fly fkgnnl EI and f J I Bareo

 fkylte fi b for some b EJ

ycb yun

Similarly if flyuul flyi.ec fly

yun cay fa some a such that
f fty1
E
ly_ynul mind ly bl.ly 43 so far all k 1

synasie does not to

converge
y
iantradition

inverse function theorem

Theaem3.14_n.ci
be Hand
let I be an open interval and
fi I R a

cantiuuans function

If f is differentiable at a EI and fcal to then

f is differentiable at flal and I Ilfcai 卡

The aem 3.13
yf By f is
strictly monotone

is
wf
canrinuas
strictly monotone
Assume f is sturty increasing I replacing fkg f
otherwise I
f on_no

Since I have a Ek.tl I fa some Icd

i open we

Thenem 3.13 B interval

By f 11 di an

fcccidl ltal fat

Since f is stritly increasing

in
iii

Shan that lintitntntltnnnne_ 前

feel fcdll y
let ly.in be
any sequence with fealtyn E

nA
炎 Yu
0

Fa n 1 fcaltyn flxul fa some xu E ㄍ d Xn a

Since f Bcaninucns tin f tiaityn fltiai a

 liinyn a

it.nl
lintyi it 1品
t.at
i
燕in 痴
sequential characterization

By Theaenn22
liitltntnititn e.in t

sequential characterization

iii 器
area taitx

不
Example f Io 1 IR fixl x

red area Un upper sum

u
iiti.in
点步
11
六 714176124

linǒn
red area Ln lower sum

Ln 点 it i

iii
71 以
181211_1
幾 Ln 号

jatnd
 4.1 let a ab
只9ᵗʰ fca.bg is a set p ix x xni
such that a Xocxic Xn b

finite subset of IR a b p btp

1 P is a
p a

niiiiiinntinebtt
121 The yrom of a
partition P 1Xo xi xnl
Xjnl
11Pll gynl Xj
b
3 Let P and Q be partitions of a

We
say Q is a refinemertneeee of P if PEQ

In this we Q is It than P
case say

be pavtieiac of Ca b
Ree Let p Q

PUQ is also

cianfcaebJ
P at
a parei

UQ is finer than and Q

If Q is finer than P the ll Qll ll I'll