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Chapter 01
Test Bank
1. Social psychology is defined as the scientific study of how people:
A. motivate, persuade, and interact with one another.
B. think about, influence, and relate to one another.
C. manipulate, use, and betray one another.
D. conform, help, and form attitudes about one another.
APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's Level: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Define social psychology and explain what it does.
Page: 2
Topic: Social Psychology
Feedback: What is Social Psychology?
2. The attributions a person makes for his or her spouse's acid remark depends on the happiness of his or her marriage. What
concept does this portray?
A. Social behavior is a function of what we believe.
B. Social behavior is a function of an individual's general attitude in relation to his or her environment.
C. Social behavior is a function of how a situation is handled.
D. Social behavior is a function of an objective situation and how it is construed.
APA Learning Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's Level: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 2
3. Emma attributes the hostile behavior of her best friend, David, to the relationship problems he has with his wife.
Which of the following statements represents this scenario?
A. Social beliefs can be self-fulfilling.
B. Self-efficacy leads one to persist during challenging times.
C. People attribute negative outcomes to their internal factors.
D. Illusory optimism increases one's vulnerability.
APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Bloom's Level: Apply
Difficulty: High
Page: 2
4. Identify a true statement about social psychology.

A. Compared with personality psychology, social psychology focuses more on the differences between individuals.
B. Compared with sociology, social psychology focuses more on individuals.
C. Compared with sociology, social psychology performs less experiments.
D. Compared with personality psychology, social psychology focuses less on how people view and affect one another.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 2
1-1
Copyright © 2019 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
5. Which of the following topics is NOT an example of what a social psychologist might study?
A. love
B. conformity
C. intelligence
D. attitudes
Difficulty: Low
Page: 3
6. According to Social Psychology, a true statement about objective reality is that:

A. it is constant.
B. it does not exist.
C. it is an unchanging set of perceptions.
D. it is always viewed through the lens of our values and beliefs.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the central concepts behind social psychology.
Page: 4
Topic: Central Concepts
Feedback: What Are Social Psychology's Big Ideas?
7. In the context of social psychology, identify a true statement about intuitions.

A. Intuitions require one to adopt the approach of conscious reasoning.
B. Intuitions are also known as conscious information processing.
C. Intuitions are routinely powerful and sometimes perilous.
D. Intuitions depend on objective reality rather than subjective reality.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 5
8. Which of the following is an example of how our attitudes and behavior are shaped by external social forces?
A. Our personality disposition affects our choices.
B. Our inherited human nature predisposes us to react in certain ways.
C. Our political attitudes influence our voting behavior.
D. Our standards regarding promptness, openness, and clothing vary across different cultures.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 5
9. Identify a true statement about attitudes and personality.

A. They influence behavior.
B. They are the results of an individual's own understanding of the world.
C. They are primary motivators for action.
1-2
D. They are inherited biologically.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 6
10. When examining topics such as dating rituals and mating behaviors, evolutionary psychologists ask how natural selection
might:
A. shape our actions.
B. change our attitudes.
C. account for similarities in our behaviors.
D. reinforce our attitudes.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 6
11. Identify a true statement about social psychology.

A. It answers one's ultimate questions about life.
B. It helps in the understanding of the purpose of life.
C. It is about beliefs, attitudes, and relationships.
D. It helps in understanding an individual's ultimate destiny.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 7
12. A social psychologist's personal convictions about what is desirable and how people ought to behave are known as his or her:
A. intuitions.
B. hypotheses.
C. values.
D. memoirs.
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Identify the ways that values penetrate the work of social psychologists.
Page: 7
Topic: Human Values
Feedback: How Do Human Values Influence Social Psychology?
13. Social representations are:

A. value commitments within a culture.
B. intuitive ideas that prove to be true
C. widely held ideas and values, including assumptions and cultural ideologies.
D. stereotypes that are rooted in racism rather than in objective truth.
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Recognize how—and how accurately—we explain others' behavior.
Page: 8
Topic: Culture
1-3
14. Values enter social psychology when researchers:

A. collect data for their studies.
B. present the results of their experiments.
C. summarize their studies.
D. choose the topics of their studies.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 7
Topic: Human Values
15. Chloe attributes the irrational behavior of her husband, George, to him having a bad day. Which of the following statements
most likely represents this scenario?
A. People tend to construct their social reality, regardless of its affects on others.
B. People refuse to view objective reality through the lens of their beliefs.
C. One's self-esteem weakens one's narcissistic behavior.
D. One's behavior is independent of social influences and relevant contexts.

Difficulty: High
Learning Objective: Understand how judgments are influenced by both unconscious and conscious systems.
Page: 3
Topic: Human Values
16. The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to
the next is referred to as:
A. nationality.
B. race.
C. religion.
D. culture.
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Gain insight into how our expectations of our social worlds matter.
Page: 8
Topic: Culture
17. A society's widely held ideas and values, including assumptions and cultural ideologies, are known as:
A. national diversities.
B. racial inclinations.
C. social representations.
D. general moralities.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 8
Topic: Culture
18. Maslow's description of "self-actualized" people was based on a sample he personally selected. Had he selected other people to
describe, his resulting description of self-actualization might have been different. This is an example of how _____ can influence
our idea of how best to live.
A. attitudes
B. lifestyle
1-4
C. values
D. people
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 9
Topic: Human Values
19. You ask your academic advisor what to major in because you are finding it difficult to decide. She suggests psychology. Before
you decide to follow her suggestion, it is important to remember that this answer likely reflects her:
A. training.
B. education.
C. perceptions.
D. personal values.

Difficulty: High
Page: 9
Topic: Human Values
20. Whether we label a woman as ambitious or aggressive is a reflection of our:

A. gender.
B. values.
C. intuitions.
D. age.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 9
Topic: Human Values
21. One's decision to call someone engaged in guerrilla warfare a terrorist rather than a freedom fighter depends on one's view of
the cause they’re fighting for. In the context of social psychology, this statement indicates that:
A. scientific ideas should be dismissed because they are mostly subjective.
B. what social psychologists think is independent of their prior beliefs.
C. people who have with their needs for survival, safety, belonging, and self-esteem met satisfied, go on to fulfill their human
potential.
D. values can lie hidden within one's cultural definitions of mental health, one's psychological advice for living, one's concepts, and
one's psychological labels.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 10
22. The tendency to exaggerate one's ability to have foresaw how something turned out, only after learning the outcome, is known
as:
A. regressive bias.
B. information bias.
C. omission bias.
D. hindsight bias.
1-5
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Explore how social psychology's theories provide new insight into the human condition.
Page: 11
Topic: Hindsight Bias
Feedback: I Knew It All Along: Is Social Psychology Simply Common Sense?
23. When asked who Chloe thinks will win the next presidential election, she replies that she does not know. However, after the
election results are declared, she claims that it was obvious all along who the winner of the election will be. In the context of social
psychology, this scenario illustrates:
A. distinction bias.
B. automation bias.
C. optimism bias.
D. hindsight bias.

Difficulty: High
Page: 11
24. Errors in both judging the future's foreseeability and in remembering our past together to create:
A. information bias.
B. hindsight bias.
C. prediction bias.
D. retrospective bias.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 11
25. In the context of social psychology, identify an example of hindsight bias.

A. Dominic is unsure about his exam results, but later when he learns that he passed the exam he claims to have known all along
that he would score well.
B. Anna, a researcher, pays more attention to a single piece of information rather than all available data in her research study.
C. Dylan decides to join a prestigious college because his friends are doing so.
D. Ava, a homemaker, believes that her son will play soccer well because he is also good in studies.

Difficulty: High
Page: 11
26. Diya and Pierre are the candidates to lead their school's basketball team. Diya knows that Pierre will be selected as the team
captain as he is a better player than she is. However, Diya is selected as the team captain because Pierre is unable to turn up on the
day of the selection. Later, Diya boasts to her friends that she knew it all along that she will be selected as the team captain. In the
context of social psychology, this scenario exemplifies a phenomenon called:
A. confirmation bias.
B. outcome bias.
C. hindsight bias.
D. anchoring bias.

Difficulty: High
Page: 11
1-6
27. Theories formed from testable predictions are called:

A. assumptions.
B. hypotheses.
C. ideologies.
D. values.
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science.
Page: 14
Topic: Hypotheses
Topic: Theories
Feedback: Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?
28. A theory is:

A. an agreed-upon statement.
B. a summary that explains facts.
C. untestable.
D. less than fact.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 14
Topic: Theories
29. A _____ is an integrated set of principles that can explain and predict observed events.
A. theory
B. hypothesis
C. fact
D. correlation
Difficulty: Low
Page: 14
Topic: Theories
30. Identify a true statement about theories:

A. They are consensus statements about what one observes.
B. They are ideas that summarize and explain facts.
C. They are testable propositions that describe relationships that may exist between events.
D. They are one's personal convictions about what is desirable and how others ought to behave.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 14
Topic: Theories
31. A testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist between events is known as a:
A. statement.
B. bias.
C. correlation.
1-7
D. hypothesis.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 14
Topic: Hypotheses
32. Good theories do all of the following EXCEPT:

A. summarize observations.
B. make assumptions about concepts.
C. make predictions that generate new research projects.
D. suggest practical applications.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 14
Topic: Theories
33. Which of the following is one of the purposes of hypotheses?

A. Hypotheses allow us to test a theory.
B. Hypotheses provide explanations for research results.
C. Hypotheses prove theories.
D. Hypotheses communicate the results of research studies.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 14
Topic: Hypotheses
34. A research program was conducted to understand the effects of two slogans created for a health care program. It was found that
the number of people who registered for the program with the slogan "Saves 600 out of 1000 lives" were much higher than the
number of people who registered for the program with the slogan "400 out of 1000 people lose their lives." This scenario
exemplifies a psychological phenomenon called:
A. debriefing.
B. confirmation bias.
C. hindsight bias.
D. framing.

Difficulty: High
Page: 16
Topic: Hypotheses
35. In the context of social psychology, the way a question or an issue is posed is known as:
A. seeding.
B. framing.
C. debriefing.
D. churning.
Difficulty: Low
1-8
Page: 16
Topic: Hypotheses
36. Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the concept of random sampling?
A. Ren, a researcher, selects participants for a study in such a way that every person in the population being studied gets an equal
chance of inclusion.
B. Polina, a researcher, prepares questions for a survey in such a way that they prompt the respondents toward beneficial decisions
without restricting their freedom.
C. Zahra, a researcher, allows participants to share their feelings with her after conducting experiments.
D. Liam, a researcher, misinforms the population being studied for a study about the purpose of the study.

Difficulty: High
Page: 15
Topic: Hypotheses
37. Research done in natural, real-life settings outside the laboratory is referred to as:
A. correlational research.
B. experimental research.
C. qualitative research.
D. field research.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 17
Topic: Research Methods
38. Laboratory research is an example of research in a:

A. correlational context.
B. common environment.
C. controlled situation.
D. field setting.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 17
39. Standing in a campus courtyard with a clipboard to record your observations of students' usage of their cell phones is an
example of what type of research?
A. qualitative research
B. experimental research
C. laboratory research
D. field research

Difficulty: High
Page: 17
40. The study of observable relationships among variables is referred to as:

1-9
C. laboratory research.
D. field research.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 17
41. A psychology professor conducts a research study to determine if there is a relationship between the time spent on studying and
the grades achieved by college students. Which type of research is this?
A. correlational research
C. controlled research
D. hypothetical research

Difficulty: High
Page: 17
Topic: Correlation
42. Which of the following is a disadvantage of correlational research?

A. It cannot be used to study everyday situations.
B. It cannot explain cause and effect.
C. It fails to analyze whether two variables are associated.
D. It takes place in a laboratory.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 17
Topic: Correlation
43. A study conducted by Douglas Carroll and his colleagues (1994) examined the relationship between socioeconomic status and
health using grave markers. Which type of research was this?
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 17
Topic: Correlation
44. The finding that obese women earned lower salaries than women in a nonobese comparison group was most likely the result of
which type of research study?
A. experimental
B. correlational
C. laboratory
D. qualitative
1-10
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 17
45. Ammar, a researcher, studies about the possible links between wealth and popularity. He finds that popularity increases with
wealth. Which of the following statements is most likely true about this scenario?
A. Ammar adopts the method of stratified sampling.
B. Ammar adopts the method of random sampling.
C. Ammar conducts experimental research.
D. Ammar conducts correlational research.

Difficulty: High
Page: 17
Topic: Correlation
46. One may infer that the postal-code regions of Scotland with the least overcrowding and unemployment also have the:
A. longest average lifespans.
B. least longevity.
C. greatest loneliness.
D. least loneliness.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 17
Topic: Correlation
47. Studies have shown that a person's occupational status is _____ correlated with his or her longevity in Britain.
A. positively
B. negatively
C. inversely
D. not
Difficulty: Low
Page: 17
Topic: Correlation
48. In the context of social psychology, identify a true statement about correlational research:
A. It does not allow researchers to roughly predict the effects of one variable from another.
B. It involves manipulating various important factors to see their effects on other factors.
C. It cannot tell researchers whether one variable’s effects cause another variable’s effects.
D. It involves examining important variables in controlled laboratory environments, rather than natural settings.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 18
Topic: Correlation
49. In the context of correlation and causation, the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement concludes that:
A. self-esteem causes academic achievement.
1-11
B. academic achievement causes self-esteem.
C. though self-esteem and academic achievement are both positively correlated, the relationship is likely explained by one or more
additional variables.
D. self-esteem is negatively correlated with academic achievement.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 19
Topic: Correlation
50. Correlational research allows us to:

A. infer cause and effect.
B. roughly predict one variable’s effects on another variable.
C. uncover independent variables.
D. control variables.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 17
Topic: Correlation
51. A time-lagged correlation is an advanced correlational technique that reveals _____ variables or events, such as achievement
and self-esteem.
A. the relationship between
B. differences between
C. the sequence of
D. confounding
Difficulty: Low
Page: 19
Topic: Correlation
52. Variable X is correlated with variable Y. Which of the following could potentially explain this correlation?
A. X causes Y.
B. Y causes X.
C. A third variable causes or influences both X and Y.
D. All of the answers are correct.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 18
Topic: Correlation
53. The great strength of correlational research is the:

A. cause-effect sequencing of events.
B. ambiguity of results.
C. ability to extract the influence of confounded variables.
D. tendency to occur in real-world settings.
Difficulty: Low
1-12
Page: 19
Topic: Correlation
54. A sample in which every person in the population being studied has an equal chance of inclusion is called a _____ sample.
A. mixed
B. diverse
C. fair
D. random
Difficulty: Low
Page: 15
55. To generalize information from a survey to apply to the whole country, you will need to get information from at least _____
people.
A. 150
B. 1,200
C. 5,000
D. 10,000
Difficulty: Low
Page: 15
56. You ask all those students who fail a class if they believe the course is difficult, and you find that they think it is. Although you
have conducted a basic survey, the results of it are limited because of your sample’s:
A. fairness.
B. strategy.
C. size.
D. representativeness.

Difficulty: High
Page: 15
57. Banele, a researcher, conducts a laboratory experiment. He places the participants to the conditions of the experiment in such a
way that all persons have the same chance of being in each condition. In the context of social psychology, this scenario exemplifies
the concept of:
A. random sampling.
B. random assignment.
C. covert observation.
D. systematic observation.

Difficulty: High
Page: 19
1-13
58. If you ask conservative, liberal, independent, and Green Party voters their opinions of political candidates, rather than just
conservative voters, you are attempting to ensure that your sample is:
A. fair.
B. sufficient.
C. representative.
D. random.

Difficulty: High
Page: 15
59. Ann Landers's survey of the opinion of women readers about affection and sex was probably:
A. not valid because it did not include men.
B. flawed because it was not representative of all American women.
C. worthless because the sample size was too small.
D. as valid and informative as other more scientific surveys.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 15
60. In 1936, the newsmagazine Literary Digest obtained the opinions of over two million Americans regarding the presidential
candidates prior to the election. Among the more than 2 million returns, Alf Landon won by an overwhelming majority over
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
A few weeks later, Roosevelt won the real election by a landslide. The results of the survey were not valid due to:
B. an unrepresentative sample.
C. poor wording of questions' variables.
D. a lack of experimental control.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 15
61. Among the four potentially biasing influences on surveys, the meat lobby rejecting a new U.S. food labeling law that requires
declaring ground beef as "30% fat" rather than "70% lean, 30% fat" is an example of how _____ may influence human decisions
and expressed opinions.
A. the framing of questions
B. the order of questions
C. limited options
D. response options
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 16
62. Research on the wording of survey questions suggests that:

A. how the questions are framed can influence how they are answered.
B. how the questions are framed has very little influence on how they are answered.
C. wording is an unimportant element of survey research.
1-14
D. framing the questions differently will not influence the survey results.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 16
63. Research indicates that survey results often depend on the:

A. number of questions asked.
B. gender of the surveyor.
C. gender of the respondent.
D. wording of the questions.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 16
64. If you wanted more people to donate their organs when they die, you would:
A. put nothing on their drivers' licenses about organ donation.
B. give a default option of 'yes' and a space to check "opt out."
C. give a default option of 'no' and a space to check donate.
D. give them a 'yes' or 'no' choice to check.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 16
65. The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates in a study is called the _____ variable.
A. control
B. independent
C. dependent
D. correlational
Difficulty: Low
Page: 20
Topic: Variables
66. Identify the kind of research that involves manipulating some factor to see its effect on another.
A. survey research
B. correlational research
C. experimental research
D. qualitative research
Difficulty: Low
Page: 17
Topic: Experimental Research

1-15
67. Studies that seek results pointing to cause–effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors while controlling others are
known as:
C. laboratory research.
D. field research.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 17
68. A psychiatrist is interested in determining if conditions of individuals who are clinically depressed improve with either 20 or 40
milligrams of Prozac. She administers 20 milligrams to a random half of her clients and 40 milligrams to the other half. After six
months, she finds that the clients who took 40 milligrams of Prozac are significantly less depressed than those clients who took 20
milligrams of Prozac. Which type of study did the psychiatrist conduct?
APA Learning Outcome: 2.4: Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research
Difficulty: High
Page: 19
69. You have noticed that as the temperature drops outside, more students wear sweaters and heavy coats. Your observation is most
similar to:
C. controlled research.
D. hypothetical research.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 17
Topic: Correlation
70. Kayla, a researcher, conducts a study in a research laboratory to find out the effect of crowded space on people's state of mind.
She categorizes the participants into two groups. She asks the first group to be seated in a small room and the second group to be
seated in a large room for an hour. In this scenario, Kayla conducts a(n):
B. desk research.
C. field research.
D. experimental research.

Difficulty: High
Page: 19
71. The major purpose of random assignment in an experiment is to:
1-16
A. maximize the differences between groups.
B. minimize the differences between groups.
C. control the independent variable.
D. control the dependent variable.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 20
72. An important factor in survey research is how closely a sample reflects the population under study. This is referred to as sample:
A. fairness.
B. strategy.
C. size.
D. representativeness.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 15
73. As a result of random assignment, people in both groups in an experiment:

A. differ in important ways.
B. do not know which group they are in.
C. are less likely to be alike.
D. average in intelligence about the same.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 20
74. Random assignment helps researchers _____.

A. collect large amounts of data
B. generalize to a population
C. infer cause and effect
D. develop correlations
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 19
75. _____ helps researchers generalize to a population.

A. Random sampling
B. Random assignment
C. Random surveying
D. Informed consent
Difficulty: Low
1-17
Page: 19
76. You conduct a study on a group of individuals to examine the role of exercise in alleviating depression. You assign the first 50
people who are motivated to sign up to the experimental group, and the second group of 50 people, who sign up much later, to the
control group. After one month, you find that the people in the experimental group (who exercised three times a week on average)
are significantly less depressed than the people in the control group (who exercised once a week on average). Although you may be
tempted to conclude that exercise helps stave off depression, you cannot because of the lack of _____ in your study.
A. random sampling
B. random assignment
C. random surveying
D. random control
Difficulty: High
Page: 19
77. Chris Boyatzis and colleagues (1995) showed some elementary schoolchildren, but not others, an episode of the most popular—
and violent—children's television program of the 1990s, Power Rangers. Identify an immediate outcome of the study.
A. The children who watched the episode remained unaffected by the program.
B. The children who watched the episode committed more aggressive acts than those who did not.
C. The children who watched the episode were scared and refused to interact with other children.
D. The children who watched the episode expressed their disinterest in the program.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 20
78. The results of Boyatzis's (1995) research indicated that _____ can be one cause of children's aggressive behavior.
A. sugar consumption
B. poor impulse control
C. the lack of parental guidance
D. viewing violence on television
Difficulty: Low
Page: 21
79. Chris Boyatzis and colleagues (1995) showed some elementary schoolchildren, but not others, an episode of the most popular—
and violent—children's television program of the 1990s, Power Rangers. Identify the dependent variable in this research.
A. the content and duration of the television program
B. the observed aggressive acts by the children who watched the program
C. the peer pressure experienced by the children
D. the behavior of the children who did not watch the program
Difficulty: Low
Page: 20–21

1-18
80. Which of the following was the independent variable in Boyatzis's (1995) research study on the effects of television viewing on
children's aggressive behavior?
A. aggressive behavior
B. poor academic performance
C. television viewing
D. an early sexual promiscuity
Difficulty: Low
Page: 20
81. In an experiment, the outcome being measured is called the _____ variable.
A. experimental
B. control
C. independent
D. dependent
Difficulty: Low
Page: 21
Topic: Variables
82. An experimenter exposes a participant to different room temperatures to determine its effects on the participant's aggressive
behavior. In this experiment, the aggressive behavior is the:
A. independent variable.
B. dependent variable.
C. control variable.
D. confounding variable.

Difficulty: High
Page: 21
Topic: Variables
83. Kiara, a researcher, conducts an experiment in a research laboratory to find out the effects of room temperature on a participant's
state of mind. For this purpose, she exposes the participant to different room temperatures. Identify the independent variable in this
experiment.
A. the room temperature
B. the participant's state of mind and emotions
C. the results of the study
D. the participant's sensitivity to varying temperatures

Difficulty: High
Page: 20
Topic: Variables
84. Nathan, a researcher, conducts a study to find out the effects of sugar consumption on the activity level of toddlers. He
categorizes the participants into two groups with equal number of participants. In a day, the members of the first group consume 50
grams of sugar, whereas the members of the second group consume 40 grams of sugar. After a week, Nathan notices that the
1-19
members of the first group display more restlessness than the members of the second group do. Which of the following is the
independent variable in this study?
A. the members of the first group
B. sugar consumption by the participants
C. restlessness of the participants
D. the members of the second group

Difficulty: High
Page: 20
Topic: Variables
85. Trinity and her colleagues conduct an experiment on two groups of people to establish a relationship between caffeine intake
and sleep. The participants in the first group consume five cups of coffee per day for a month, whereas the participants in the
second group limit their coffee intake to two cups per day for a month. After a month, the participants in the first group report
increased sleeplessness. In the context of social psychology, the dependent variable in this experiment is:
A. the second group.
B. the first group.
C. the intake of caffeine.
D. the observed sleeplessness.

Difficulty: High
Page: 21
Topic: Variables
86. A psychological experiment is conducted in a laboratory to determine if meditation can cure insomnia in middleaged
participants. The same experiment is conducted to find the effect of meditation on insomnia with teenage participants in natural
settings. The researchers sought to find whether the observed results in the laboratory would be the same as those found in natural
settings. This scenario illustrates:
A. framing.
B. replication.
C. deception.
D. debriefing.

Difficulty: High
Page: 21
Topic: Variables
87. Two major advantages that experiments have over correlational studies are:
A. random sampling and field research.
B. the use of surveys and the use of deception.
C. framing and biases.
D. control and random assignment.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 19
88. The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment such that all persons have the same chance of being in a
given condition is referred to as:
1-20
A. random sampling.
B. random assignment.
C. random surveying.
D. random control.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 19
89. In the context of psychological research, identify a true statement about random assignment.
A. It helps generalize to a population.
B. It reduces the validity of research studies or programs.
C. It creates equivalent groups.
D. It gives importance to extraneous factors related to research.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 19
90. The degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to everyday situations is referred to as:
A. realistic experimentation.
B. televised reality.
C. mundane realism.
D. experimental realism.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 21
Topic: Ethics
91. The degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its participants is known as:
A. realistic experimentation.
B. televised reality.
C. mundane realism.
D. experimental realism.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 21
Topic: Ethics
92. Repeating a research study, often with different participants in different settings, to determine whether a finding could be
reproduced is known as:
A. replication.
B. randomization.
C. debriefing.
D. framing.
Difficulty: Medium
1-21
Page: 21
Topic: Ethics
93. In the context of the ethics of experimentation, when conducting research studies, social psychologists should make sure that:
A. participants consciously behave as if acting out a play.
B. laboratory behavior mimics everyday behavior.
C. their experiments have mundane realism.
D. their experiments have experimental realism.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 21
Topic: Ethics
94. Valeria, a social psychologist, plans to conduct an experiment to establish a link between drug abuse and longevity. Before
beginning the experiment, she shares the basic details of the experiment with the participants. She does so to let the participants
decide if they wish to participate. In this scenario, Valeria follows the ethical principle of:
A. debriefing.
B. informed consent.
C. deception.
D. providing cues.

Difficulty: High
Page: 22
Topic: Ethics
95. You are participating in a social psychological research experiment and the researcher reads the instructions to you and the other
participants so that all of you hear the same instructions. By standardizing the instructions, the researcher is attempting to control
the:
A. dependent variable.
B. experimental outcome.
C. demand characteristics.
D. framing effect.
APA Learning Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
Difficulty: High
Page: 22
Topic: Ethics
96. In research, a strategy by which participants are misinformed or misled about the study's methods and purposes is known as:
A. counterbalancing.
B. operant conditioning.
C. deception.
D. replication.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 21
Topic: Ethics
1-22
97. Cues in an experiment that tell the participants what behavior is expected are called:
A. subliminal messages.
B. demand characteristics.
C. deception tactics.
D. confounding variables.
Difficulty: Low
Page: 22
Topic: Ethics
98. When participating in a psychology research experiment, you are told that the purpose of the study is to find out if tall people
are more prejudiced than short people. Because you want to behave accordingly, you agree with the questions on the survey of
prejudice more than you would otherwise. Your behavior in this study is most likely the result of:
A. your true attitudes.
B. your repressed attitudes.
C. the demand characteristics of the experiment.
D. the sampling method of the experiment.
Difficulty: High
Page: 22
Topic: Ethics
99. In the context of social psychology, which of the following statements illustrates deception?
A. James misinforms the participants about his research study's purpose and method.
B. Amina provides clues to the participants of her experiment to tell what behavior is expected of them.
C. Hannah asks questions to the participants of her experiment about their understanding.
D. Feng repeats his research study with different participants to get an accurate result.
Difficulty: High
Page: 21
Topic: Ethics
100. You are participating in a social psychology research experiment and the researcher invites you to return after the experiment
to learn more and to discuss your feelings about it. This is called:
A. consent.
B. debriefing.
C. deception.
D. framing.
Difficulty: High
Page: 22
Topic: Ethics
101. Tobias, who conducts a psychological research experiment, explains the details of the experiment to the participants after the
experiment is completed. He also encourages the participants to express their opinions and share their feelings about the experiment
with him. This scenario exemplifies the concept of:
A. counterbalancing.
B. replication.
C. debriefing.
1-23
D. deindividuation.
Difficulty: High
Page: 22
Topic: Ethics
102. _____ is an ethical principle requiring that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to
participate.
A. Random assignment
B. Experimental realism
C. Mundane realism
D. Informed consent
Difficulty: Low
Page: 22
Topic: Ethics
103. Ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association (2017), the Canadian Psychological Association
(2017), and the British Psychological Society (2010) mandate investigators to:
A. use deception for aspects that would affect participants' willingness to participate.
B. protect research participants from harm and significant discomfort.
C. refrain from using deception under all circumstances.
D. fully explain their experiments afterward when the feedback is distressing.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 22
Topic: Ethics
104. According to the American Psychological Association, deception in an experiment:

A. is unethical.
B. is always required.
C. should be used only if it is essential and justified.
D. should be used along with random assignment.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 22
Topic: Ethics
105. In the context of the ethics of experimentation and social psychological research, we must be cautious about:
A. the use of random assignment.
B. inferring cause and effect from experiments.
C. the types of subjects used.
D. generalizing from laboratory to life.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 23
Topic: Ethics
1-24
106. Prince participates in an experiment that requires him to choose a shirt from the shirts kept in the laboratory. After the
experiment, Alma, the researcher, explains that the purpose of the study is to identify the correlation between age, gender, and one's
attitude toward clothing. In this scenario, Alma disclosing the true purpose of the study to Prince exemplifies the concept of:
A. debriefing.
B. sampling.
C. manipulation.
D. replication.
Difficulty: High
Page: 22
Topic: Ethics
107. Experimental laboratory research findings in social psychology:

A. can easily be generalized to everyday life occurrences.
B. are specific to the research only.
C. cannot ever be generalized to everyday life.
D. should cautiously be generalized to everyday life.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 23
Topic: Ethics
108. Explain how values can affect the study of social psychology.
Answers will vary.

Difficulty: Medium
Page: 7–9
Topic: Human Values
109. Describe how behavior in a classroom is influenced by our social culture.
Answers will vary.

APA Learning Outcome: 2.3: Engage in innovative and integrative thinking and problem solving
Difficulty: High
Page: 20
Topic: Culture
110. Describe hindsight bias, and explain how it could influence how much the typical student prepares for a social psychology
exam.
Answers will vary.

Difficulty: High
Page: 11–12
111. Discuss evidence related to the role of self-esteem in academic achievement.
1-25
Answers will vary.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 18
Topic: Correlation
112. Review the research conducted on the factors that may alter the results one acquires from survey research. Include issues
related to samples, wording of questions, response options, and order of questions.
Answers will vary.

Difficulty: Medium
Page: 15–17
113. Compare and contrast correlational research and experimental research. Be sure to address the strengths and weaknesses of
each research type.
Answers will vary.

Difficulty: Medium
Page: 17–22
114. Provide an example of an experimental research study on studying and grades. Be sure to indicate what the independent and
dependent variables are.
Answers will vary.

Difficulty: High
Page: 20–21
115. Distinguish between random sampling and random assignment. Provide an example of each.
Answers will vary.

Difficulty: Medium
Page: 15; 19
116. Provide an example of a demand characteristic that could unintentionally alter the results of an experimental research study.
Answers will vary.

Difficulty: Medium
Page: 22
Topic: Ethics
117. Explain the ethical requirements of social psychological research.
Answers will vary.
1-26
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 22
Topic: Ethics
Category # of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 117
APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 30
APA Learning Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains 52
APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology 24
APA Learning Outcome: 2.3: Engage in innovative and integrative thinking and problem solving 1
APA Learning Outcome: 2.4: Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research 3
APA Learning Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice 7
Bloom's Level: Apply 32
Bloom's Level: Remember 42
Bloom's Level: Understand 43
Difficulty: High 32
Difficulty: Low 42
Difficulty: Medium 43
Learning Objective: Define social psychology and explain what it does. 5
Learning Objective: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science. 87
Learning Objective: Examine the methods that make social psychology a science. 1
Learning Objective: Explore how social psychology's theories provide new insight into the human condition. 6
Learning Objective: Gain insight into how our expectations of our social worlds matter. 3
Learning Objective: Identify and describe the central concepts behind social psychology. 7
Learning Objective: Identify the ways that values penetrate the work of social psychologists. 6
Learning Objective: Recognize how—and how accurately—we explain others' behavior. 1
Learning Objective: Understand how judgments are influenced by both unconscious and conscious systems. 1
Page: 10 1
Page: 11 5
Page: 11–12 1
Page: 14 7
Page: 15 8
Page: 15–17 1
Page: 15; 19 1
Page: 16 6
Page: 17 15
Page: 17–22 1
Page: 18 3
Page: 19 12
Page: 2 4
Page: 20 8
Page: 20–21 2
Page: 21 11
Page: 22 12
Page: 23 2
Page: 3 2
Page: 4 1
Page: 5 2
Page: 6 2
Page: 7 3
Page: 7–9 1
Page: 8 3
Page: 9 3
Topic: Central Concepts 5
Topic: Correlation 14
Topic: Culture 4
Topic: Ethics 20
Topic: Experimental Research 16
Topic: Hindsight Bias 6
Topic: Human Values 7
Topic: Hypotheses 6
Topic: Research Methods 21
Topic: Social Psychology 6
Topic: Theories 5
1-27
Topic: Variables 7
1-28
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Test Bank for Social Psychology 13th

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Feedback: What is Social Psychology?

Feedback: What is Social Psychology?

APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Feedback: What is Social Psychology?

4. Identify a true statement about social psychology.

Feedback: What is Social Psychology?

Feedback: What is Social Psychology?

6. According to Social Psychology, a true statement about objective reality is that:

Feedback: What Are Social Psychology's Big Ideas?

7. In the context of social psychology, identify a true statement about intuitions.

Feedback: What Are Social Psychology's Big Ideas?

Feedback: What Are Social Psychology's Big Ideas?

9. Identify a true statement about attitudes and personality.

Feedback: What Are Social Psychology's Big Ideas?

Feedback: What Are Social Psychology's Big Ideas?

11. Identify a true statement about social psychology.

Feedback: What Are Social Psychology's Big Ideas?

Feedback: How Do Human Values Influence Social Psychology?

13. Social representations are:

14. Values enter social psychology when researchers:

Feedback: How Do Human Values Influence Social Psychology?

APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Feedback: How Do Human Values Influence Social Psychology?

Feedback: How Do Human Values Influence Social Psychology?

Feedback: How Do Human Values Influence Social Psychology?

Feedback: How Do Human Values Influence Social Psychology?

APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Feedback: How Do Human Values Influence Social Psychology?

20. Whether we label a woman as ambitious or aggressive is a reflection of our:

Feedback: How Do Human Values Influence Social Psychology?

Feedback: How Do Human Values Influence Social Psychology?

Feedback: I Knew It All Along: Is Social Psychology Simply Common Sense?

APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Feedback: I Knew It All Along: Is Social Psychology Simply Common Sense?

Feedback: I Knew It All Along: Is Social Psychology Simply Common Sense?

25. In the context of social psychology, identify an example of hindsight bias.

APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Feedback: I Knew It All Along: Is Social Psychology Simply Common Sense?

APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

27. Theories formed from testable predictions are called:

Feedback: Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?

28. A theory is:

Feedback: Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?

Feedback: Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?

30. Identify a true statement about theories:

Feedback: Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?

Feedback: Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?

32. Good theories do all of the following EXCEPT:

Feedback: Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?

33. Which of the following is one of the purposes of hypotheses?

Feedback: Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?

APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Feedback: Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?

Feedback: Research Methods: How Do We Do Social Psychology?

APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology