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    biodiversity mark scheme

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    libertycarstairs

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    of 36
    020/01 Mark Scheme June 20XX ‘Question ‘Answer Guidance 24) (a) seed dispersal ¥ (named) economic reason 7 (named) aesthetic reason ¥ (b)) advantage: exhibit natural behaviour / less likely to catch disease from humans ¥ disadvantage: poaching more likely / could be wiped out by disease / more dificult to count ¥ Must give'one advantage and one disadvantage. 0) 3.1 (h) VY ‘ALLOW one mark if calculation correct but final figure incorrect e.g. (480 — 254) / 254 x 100 / 29 = ALLOW 3% or 3.07% three from no evidence of causal effect ¥ . a the data may be inaccurate as a'result of, indirect methods used / unhabituated animals hard to find 7 annual growth rate higher after 1993-7 3.2% (per year) before 1993 against 3.8% after 1993 figures may not be acciirate due to collection technique ¥ 70 Zeer Total 10 eb 2boz aun 7 BLE2'0 = ((NAL)Z)-) 882°0 10 ¥2'0 MOTIV ( wet 792'0 10 92°0 MOTIV ce92'0 = (NM). 403 - yee0'0 9400°0 vbLoro 493 2N/u) eo ] yoo zo Ne ‘aNY £ oor=v| @ | (a) / SuONeAIOSgo Jo} poued auiy owes (A SIRI @WES J Buliduies jo poyow owes |, Suowentesgo 404 Kep yo awn awes A SUOReNIOSqO 40) Uosees wes 7 woneiphy / edAt/ Kienb ‘yos owes Pale paldlues / pjais Jo ezIs jenba | zxew 7 wioyy z Aue | (1) 7 7 Ssauuans soioeds / sejoeds yoee Jo 2ouepunge onyejod ie / Ssouyou sejeds / etigey ul seivads Jo requwnu | (y) | (e) | se ‘saueping sae ~___fomsuy [ wonsond) ewayas EW borvazeHt wb ToL SHEU € 104 10K0 ey AyUOBEIP Jo 7 UOBAXO Jo oe] Woy sIp udwHK / S660 ‘A (siueja Jo 498} 40 esneoeq) s66o Ae] 0) alge aq ou Aew so|yuobesp (npe) HWuO4s |, 3589] 10 A wontesiisuos uso Ul eseeisep / UeBAxa IIe euunsuoD SUIs|UeBIOOIOILU / eLeIeq / neu peap ‘esodwooap / umop 3e01q ‘SuistueBiOOLOIUL / eUe}oeq // ep / asisaujufsoioud rouued ‘(yyeewopun) sjueld (/ Beb je J0 YYKOIE pes / wioo|g oebje 7 wia}sksooe 2boz oun ewlsuos EW uondruseyul 0} uogeaiydanne Jo epi juli ysniy | ¢ xeUL onenbe / weans / ee) o1Ut (0s Woy) senou! sosyn9y| fo) | 90 UeW) Jee Si E20 CNV MOTIV _/ fijsienic so xapuy suosdwig / q ‘Jo enjen sajeeu6 (p9°0 > Se payenojed g 4! ‘Aysuonig Jo xepuy, ONv suuosduig / G ‘JO enjen samo] GNW He") 394 |b wl borvzzrH eb oueysise1 qyBnoup “6'9 ‘oyeuta juoleylp e Ut ryasn SeIMee} Jo Se|duIEXe LAADOV F ‘AOUeA JO} MY Se So100ds LdAOOW & peeid 10; MV Se S010 LdaOOW £ Buusoulbue oneus Jo uonduosap 1dI0Dv Z ‘Aysionp oy9u06 / ood ous6 BujuleiueW 1309¥ 1b £ SOSA] 10) ouoIpEW Mau e Jo aaunos |Z SJonuos jeoIBojoig jo syueBe (104 yeuiaeu) | suojeuitiod (10) yeyGeU) |g ! eyeuufo BujBueyo & ul Injesn eq Bw Aeuen | p ! sanauen' pny / doso / oyeANINS * ym Bulpssiq / Burpeoiq onyoeles (10} pasn) | ¢ ! 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J99 14399 : 4O zh | 198890 = 0 HEE Zizi xO (z) ung eegie'o Tsphiee eyduuhuous0g) yieat eis (Sve sree) | 2nig Peppnis-19AIS = gra SANGORED yeonsueH uals Gnuouiry smaGAay vadaaxaieo, | [enn eqauixteueco) | BETO wee} 26:67 7 Teewes eareaaizy Bur qunoave OU Siu 24) — € 8 Z SduI Jo) siamsuy “Mos Bul|AEID 40} UWUN|OD _(N/u) NM) LN ta sarneds t { 2inBy yoasoUr peYy Jaded uoAsanb Uo 198} [eI (is ‘0ueping [euORIPPY EW vemsuy pejsedxa | _uonsonp oLoz aunp aweyog 422 tea fa) (b) Om iy (d) ‘number of different species present/AW; correct ref to data (e.g. 3 different species found in barley field); ref random samples; detail of random sampling; sweep n repeats in each habitat; ref need for same technique in each habitat; classify/identify species (of insect caught); count numbers (of each species caught); AVP (e.g. detail of sampling such as use of suitable chemical to stun the insects); 39,402; A correct answer in table or on answer line. award two marks if correct answer (2.76) is given allow ect from (c) (i) 39,402/14,308; =2.75; A28 award marks only if comperative points given hedge vegetation has greater species richness and more even spread of numbers between species/AW: hedge vegetation has greater number of niches available/AW; ref use of chemicals on wheat and not on hedge vegetation; ref wheat as a monoculture, many species of plants under hedge ref plants under hedge are wild/native, wheat crop is not AVP (e.g. ref less other human interference under hedge/example thereof); AVP; 2 14] (1) [2] fal (e) ousena ‘transect; continuous / belt / interrupted / ine ; random placement of transect ! AW ; use quadrats / point quadrat ; R quadrant measurement of elevation for each quadrat ; percentage cover within quadrat / number of hits with point quadrat ; use ACFOR scale ; reliability — large number of quadrats / repeat transect ; AVP j €.9, use of keys, reference to safety, calculate mean percentage cover. max 3 ifno transect 4max (d) 4 @ (a) anon (b) {e) 1 2 3 4 5 6 im 8 9 ref to setting grid/area to be sampled; suitable systematic method chosenv/ref to beltline transect; ref to repetition of line transects: use of quadrats; use of appropriate sized quadirat; details of reaular quadrat placing; earons Identity species/use of keys; presence or absence in quadrat calculation of % of species frequency; Measure % coverluse of appropriate scale; e.g. (Braun-blanquevACFOR/ DAFORIDOMIN) 11. ref to analysis of dataltise of kite diagram; 12_ AVP; ref to relevant statistical analysis, e.g. Spearmans Rank Correlation max 7 goon QWC - clear well-organised answer using specialist terms 1 species similar morphological, physiological, biochemical and behavioural features; (require 3 features for mark) (inter)breed / reproduce; produce ferile offspring; Teproductively isolated; occupy same (ecological) niche; 3 max unable to reproduce / unsuccessful breeding / infertile offspring / no offspring, produced; due to different (parental) chromosome numbers / AW; no pairing of chromosomes (in offspring); meiosis unable to take place; no gametes produced (by offspring); hybrid vigour / heterosis; 4max grid set out over the area / different shores or tape measures set out at right angles ; Fandom numbers / AW, used to generate coordinates ; nearest limpet to coordinate chosen ; quadrat placed at these points ; ref to repetitions ; R line and belt transect, 3max lay, tape / string, across path ; R along the path include trampled and non trampled areas in same transect ; use of quadrat ; ref to how quadrat is placed ; R random count numtsr of plants / percentage cover of plants ; plot a graph ; repeat the transect ; carey out statistical test (Mann-Whitney / Spearman's rank) ; AVP ; e.g. detail of sampling technique 5 max () (many) common features; 2@) @ do not interbreed {0 produce fertile offspring ref to isolated gene pools [2 marks max} habitat ; (c) (a) _ size needs to be appropriate to species under investigation ; sample with increasing size of quadrats ; Tecord number of species in each ; choose minimum quadrat size to include a malority / 80% of species ; () yarrow; yarrow is in 16 20 quadrats / frequency is 80%; salad burnet is in 12 / 20 quadrats / frequency is 60% ; (c) total number of individuals recorded is 69 ; 69/20 = 3.45 per quadrat ; which is 13.8 ; m?: interbreed (with domesticated camels); ref to offspring produced; ‘ef to fertility of offspring; 1 (a) (i) (place) where , organism / animal / plant / population / community , lives ; (dy R things / named organism have different chromosome numbers ; unable to form fertile offspring ; different, genes / genomes ; different ical ological and biochemical features ; raproductively isolated ; Gi)" Houp of interbreeding individuals (in a population); produce fertile offspring; similar characteristics; reproductively isolated from other groups; share a common gene pool; 2 @) () _ place where organism(s) lives; species members of a population which (freely) interbreed; produce fertile offspring; R. viable ecological definition / occupy unique individual niche; similar physiological, morphological ,biochemical, behavioural traits; ‘must have two in list for mark max3 max 2max (b) identify species present; use of keys; from, strand line / sea, to woodland; A other named habitat; use, tape / string, to mark out line; carry out (belt or line) transect; interrupted sampling / AW; use (frame / open) quadrat, ref to ideal size of quadrat / size changing in different parts of transect; placed randomly within (belt) transect; 40 estimate percentage cover; 41. use, ACFOR / abundance scale; 12 use point quadrat; A pin quadrat 43. mechanics of use; 414 number touches on each species proportional to percentage cover; 415 method for capturing animals; 16 ref to capture mark recapture / estimating abundance of animal specie: 17 suitable graphical representation; e.g. kite diagram 18 AVP; ©g. repeat for reliability ref to calculating species density / species frequency 7 max Corvonsens QWC ~ clear, well organised using specialist terms; 4 ”/(iil) | disturbance creates new niches AW; idea that these (niches) provide opportunity for new species / AW ; idea that there may be more habitats ; idea of (possibilty of) more food chains ; leading to increased (complexity) of food web ; reduction in, interspecific competition / competition between species / AW ; grazers may remove dominant species / AW ; ‘greater nutrient / light / space for other species ; AVP ; e.g. possibilty of faecal matter alters nutrient status linked to soll fertility AW ‘AVP j e.g. grazing prevents climax community being reached so increasing biodiversity / AW all answers could be a possible ora max 4 t Question Expected Answers 6 (a) 1 establish study area either with strips and with no strips ; (ine or belt) / transect / random sampling / field walk ; 1 2 3° use quadrats 5 4 at regular intervals / random coordinates ; 8 appropriate size of quadrat ; 6 7 8 3 Marks identification of plant species / ref to use of keys j record presence / absence ; % frequency ! % cover ; biodiversity index e.g. Simpson's diversity index ; 0. Braun-Blanquet scale / ACFOR / DOMIN ; 1 AVP ; e.g, seed and pollen traps max § 1 1 {ce} (loss off beneficial organisms ; ref to, pest predators / biological control ; removal of pollinators ; (loss of) food sources / damage to food chains ; ref to named example @.g, less berries therefore less birds ; AVP ; €.g, example of predator or pollinator AVP 52.9. loss of genetic resource max3 3 (a) grid set out over area ; 7 randam number tables used to generate co-ordinates ; quadtrat placed at these points ; number of periwinkles counted in each quadrat ; repetitions ; net 4. geographically /reproductively, isolated; 2. but could, interbreed / mate / reproduce; 3. to produce fertile offspring; 4. ref to morphological, physiological, behavioural and biochemical features; (need to name three of the four features for mark) . occupy same ecological niche; max 2 6 (2) 1 establish study area either with strips and with no strips ; (line or bel) / transect! random sampling / field walk ; use quadrats ; at regular intervals / random coordinates ; 4 2 3 4 5 appropriate size of quadrat ; 6 7 8 9 fentification of plant species / ref to use of keys ; record presence / absence ; % frequency / % cover $ biodiversity index e.g. Simpson's diversity index ; 0. Braun-Blanquet scale / ACFOR / DOMIN ; 11 AVP; e.g. seed and pollen traps. max 5 5 (a) advantages (max 2) can be used with any species (irrespective of size) does not require to distinguish one individual from another ; Quick to.assess; — Rsimple disadvantages subjective / AW ; dominant species may be over-estimated ; max 3 (b) (9) line established, from shore to dune slack / from... 10. 5 quadrat used ; suitable size / actual size stated (minimum 0.25m’) ; Rif no units given placed continuously / at specified intervals along line ; key to identify species ; abundance recorded in each quadrat ; bare ground recorded ; max 4 3 ]@ divide erea into grid /axes ; appropriate grid size (for the habitat being studied) ; appropriate size of quadrat ; suitable number of quadrats ; random coordinates ; use of random number generator / AW ; se of keys to identity; max 4 (b) belt transect is systematic / AW (regular / controlled) or random sampling is not ; transect data along line / random data is within a gr | heathland habitat not uniform / species not distributed uniformly ; belt transect data may show (biotic / abiotic) gradient / AW ; max 2 © ifficult impossible, to identify individual planis ; avoids effect of different sizes ; (may be) too many to count ; | quicker : _maxt @ kite diagrams 5 graphs of % cover against study sit max1 (a) (a) {e) cu] grid set out over area ; random number tables used to generate co-ordinates ; ‘quadrat placed at these points number of periwinkles counted in each quadrat ; repetitions ; max4 line transect is a long line and all organisms that touch it are recorded ; belt transect has width / area / uses quadrats ; line transect generates only qualitative data / belt generates quantitative data ; belt transect measures abundance (line transect does not) ; max 2 800 x 20,000 ; 160 = 100,000 ; max 2 minimal births / deaths between samples ; minimal immigration / emigration between samples ; that marked animals are not harmed in any way / are not more vulnerable to predation ; that marked animals have mixed freely with the rest of the population ; tags have remained in place ; R marks rubbed off max 2 (e) use of trap e use of bait use of suitable method of mark tagging, ¢.g. chip / ear tag / hair clipping / neck collar ; marking should not affect behaviour / AW ; marking should not affect predation ; marking should not directly harm ; max 3 Longworth trap 5 4 (a) (a) (c) (0) astraight line would be established from low water level to 10m above ; place quadrats along this line ; continuously ; or at specified intervals ; record number of each species in each quadra max 4 creating a grid over the area under investigation ; use fandom numbers ; how obtained ; to generate co-ordinates ; place quadrat at these points ; record species in quadrat ; max 4 (ii) distribution of periwinkles is determined by height above low water ; pattern of distribution is linear / zonal ; random sampling provides data about general distribution / quantities over an area ; max 2 Use of, identification key / chart ; searched likely sites for lichens ; e.g. walls, trees, roofs idea of standardisation of method at each sample site along transect ; A.use of quadrat ; of suitable size ; species recorded as, present / absent ; ref to, repeats / repetitions (at each sample site) ; AVP ; e.g. timed search 4max (e) January 2006 2805/03 Page 8 of 9 243, waromn "4 42 13 4 18 (a) (b) (co) general use of capture-recapture technique / mark-release-recapture method ; description of method ; ; e.g, catch initial sample, count sample / record number ‘caught, marking, release, catch second sample Use of appropriate method / use of nets ; use of appropriate method for marking ; allow time for thorough mixing / 24 hours tater ; record the number of marked individuals ; tef to Lincoln Index / correet equation ; ANP; AVP j e.g. timed catches, ref to different species max 5 assumptions - minimum of 2 thorough mixing has taken place ; no, migration / emigration / immigration ; no, births / deaths ; marks have not rubbed off ; marks have not made fish more susceptible to predation / no change in behaviout Tmax QWC - legible text with accurate spelling, punctuation and grammar ; 1 animals move around ; immigration / emigration camouflage ; burrow / hide / under water ; nocturnal ; in large groups e.g. herds ; iP; max 3 (i) award two marks if correct answer (18 023) is given 1426 x 1365 ; 108 8.023; 2 (ii) photographing is equivalent to catching a sample ; and marking individuals ; able to recognise whales when photographed a second time ; no / minimal, births / deaths ; no / minimal, immigration / emigration ; individuals mix randomly with rest of population ; max 4 method for capture e.g. net / trap ; mark ; that does not damage / hinder animals / ref predators ; method of marking ; named place on body ; count marked individuals in second sample (alternative to second photograph) ; max 3 Mark Scheme Unit Code ‘Session Year Version Page 8 0f8 2805/03 June 2004 Final Question —_Expected Answers Marks 4 (a) ZABSSSEESSESSESESSIEEEsenobostEnE/Gy shape of curve ; 1 (ll) choice of quadrat to include 80 - 100% of species 1 (by general points random sampling ; repetitions ; ‘calculate mean ‘species frequency record, presence / absence, of species frequency = % of quadrats in which species is present percentage cover estimate percentage cover in quactrat ; example of calculation ; use of ACFOR / DAFOR scale ; Braun-Blanquet ; max 5 (c) subjective ; different sized plants dificult to estimate ; overlapping presents a problem spreading plants tend to be over estimated ; AVP; max3 (8) (i) awarel two marks if correct answer (16.4) is given total number of hits = 110; 18/110 x 100 =16.4% ; 2 (i) transect : line F tape / string (from sea to woodland) (point) quadrat placed at, regular intervals / selected intervals ; positioned at right angles to tape ; repeats at same position AVP ; eg, record sand / bare ground max3 (Total: 15] Mark Scheme (a) (b) set out a grid in each area or site / description of how the grid is established ; use random numbers ; how generated ; e.g. random number tables / use of calculator to give co-ordinates ; at that point / co-ordinate, measure nearest plant ; repeat (14 times) ; max 4 (i) total heights ; divided by the number of plants (in the sample) ; provides an average height for the sample ; max 2 (e) | _ |larger the area the more species counted 5 / ‘comparative data quote between 2 points ; max species count with area of 0.65 t0 0.7m? / no increase after 0.65 to 0.7 m5 R if no units included most change occurs with smallest quadrats / steep increase at start / AW ; max 3 ‘Teacher Resource Bank GCE Envrormental Stucios / Sample Mark Scheme ENVS1 Topic 12/ Version 1.0 Question 7 7 @)_Bliminates bias/allows statistical tests; 1 7 ®@)_Used when comparing two different areas/no gradient present! no gradual change in Vegetation expected; 1 7 (©) Mark out sample area of suitable size eg 10m” in each location; grid with co-ordinates to locate position of quadrats; IR quadrats ‘thrown’] appropriate quadrat size (eg 0.5m side length/0.25m?)/ ‘gridded quadrat used; appropriate number of quadrats in each area (minimum 10); estimate area of ground/count number of squares covered by each species; MAX3 7 @_ Subjective judgement/estimation/approximations IR ‘inaceurate* unless qualified] difficult when plants are layered/stratified/eovered by others! flattened MAX1 Total marks = 6 Question 8 8 @ @ 8/10; = 80% 2 {A 80 for 1 mark] 8 @ Gy MELEAES 4 S49 410415420425 _ 94 10 10 =9.4 (00)3 2 [A 40.1% 8 (bt) Advantage: overcomes problems where individual plants not easy to recognise (grasses/moss)/quieker to carry out/more useful environmental index! index of plant activity; 1 Disadvantage: Subjective/estimate only/less suitable for statistical analysis/less accurate/

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