Sensory Processing

Disorder
Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a neurological condition that
affects how the brain interprets sensory information. It can make
everyday experiences overwhelming and challenging, leading to
difficulties with social interactions, learning, and self-care.

by gwiji kathan
Symptoms of Sensory
Processing Disorder

1 Oversensitivity
Individuals with SPD may be overly sensitive to certain
sensory inputs, such as loud noises, bright lights, or strong
smells.

2 Undersensitivity
They may also be under-sensitive to certain sensory inputs,
leading to a lack of awareness of pain, temperature, or
movement.

3 Sensory Cravings
Some individuals with SPD may have a strong desire for
specific sensory input, such as spinning, rocking, or chewing.

4 Difficulties with Motor Skills

SPD can also affect motor skills, making it difficult to
coordinate movements or maintain balance.
Causes of Sensory Processing
Disorder
The exact causes of SPD are not fully understood, but it is believed
to be influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental
factors.

Genetic Predisposition
There is a genetic component to SPD, with a higher likelihood of
individuals with a family history of the disorder developing it.

Premature Birth
Premature babies are at an increased risk of developing SPD,
potentially due to underdeveloped sensory systems.

Brain Injuries
Traumatic brain injuries can affect the brain's ability to process
sensory information, leading to SPD symptoms.
Diagnosis of Sensory Processing Disorder
Diagnosis of SPD typically involves a comprehensive evaluation, including a medical history, behavioral
observations, and standardized assessments.

Medical History
Doctors review the individual's medical history,
including family history, developmental
milestones, and previous diagnoses.
Standardized Assessments
Standardized assessments are used to measure
the individual's sensory processing abilities in
various areas, such as motor skills, sensory
modulation, and social interactions.

1 2 3

Behavioral Observations
Behavioral observations involve observing the
individual's responses to different sensory
stimuli in a controlled setting.
Treatment Options for Sensory Processing
Disorder
Treatment for SPD focuses on improving the individual's ability to manage and respond to sensory input,
promoting self-regulation, and enhancing daily functioning.

Occupational Therapy Sensory Integration Therapy Behavioral Therapy

Occupational therapists help
individuals develop strategies to
manage sensory sensitivities and
improve daily living skills.
Sensory Integration Therapy
uses specific sensory activities
to help the brain process and
organize sensory information
more effectively.
Behavioral therapy focuses on
teaching coping mechanisms and
strategies for managing sensory
challenges and reducing anxiety.
Coping Strategies for
Individuals with Sensory
Processing Disorder
Individuals with SPD can use various coping strategies to manage
their sensory sensitivities and improve their daily functioning.

Sensory Regulation
Identifying and managing sensory triggers through
1 calming techniques, sensory breaks, and a structured
environment.

Sensory Diet
A personalized plan that incorporates specific sensory
2 activities throughout the day to promote sensory
regulation and provide a balanced sensory experience.

Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques

Deep breathing exercises, meditation, and other
3 relaxation techniques can help reduce stress and
anxiety associated with sensory overload.
Sensory Processing Disorder
in Children
Children with SPD may exhibit a wide range of behaviors, from being
overly sensitive to touch or sound to having difficulties with social
interactions or learning.

Difficulties with Motor Skills Clumsiness, difficulty with

coordination, and challenges
with fine motor tasks like
writing.

Emotional Regulation Tantrums, meltdowns, and

difficulty managing emotions
due to sensory overload or
frustration.

Social Interactions Challenges with

understanding social cues,
interpreting body language,
and interacting with peers.
Sensory Processing Disorder
and Everyday Life
SPD can impact individuals in various aspects of their daily lives,
from school and work to social interactions and leisure activities.

School
Difficulties with sensory input in the classroom, such as loud noises,
bright lights, or uncomfortable textures.

Work
Challenges with managing sensory overload in the workplace, such
as stressful environments, repetitive tasks, or sensory distractions.

Social Interactions
Social situations can be overwhelming due to sensory sensitivities,
leading to anxiety and difficulty with social engagement.

Leisure Activities
Limited participation in certain leisure activities due to sensory
sensitivities, such as loud concerts, crowded events, or certain types
of exercise.