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Development Through Life A Psychosocial Approach, 12th
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1. The most critical way in which a person can contribute to his or her development is through .
a. increasing physical ability
b. achieving upward mobility
c. focusing on career success
d. creating significant social relationships
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Introduction
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DTL.NENE.12.1.1 - Explain the basic assumptions that guide the orientation of the
text.
OTHER: Bloom's: Understand
2. The life span approach strives to identify .

a. interactions of individuals that produce prejudice and discrimination
b. patterns of transition and transformation from one period of life to another
c. individual differences in biological factors that lead to maladaptation
d. uncommon bonds among groups of people that lead to hostility between societies
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Difficult
text.
OTHER: Bloom's: Analyze
3. Which statement is an assumption of the Newman and Newman text?

a. Human growth peaks in middle childhood.
b. The study of human development is primarily theoretical.
c. Behavior must be interpreted in the context of settings and relationships.
text.
OTHER: Bloom's: Remember
d. Human behavior has the same meaning across sociocultural borders.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
text.
4. Why do we need to understand the whole person in studying human development?
a. We function as individuals.
b. Our families do not affect our development.
c. We function in an integrated manner.
d. Our developmental outcomes are a result of external factors.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Assumptions of the Text
text.
5. In the context of human development, the term plasticity refers to .

a. continuity and developmental changes
b. an adaptive re-organization during the life span
c. the impact of prior generations
d. the interaction of biological and psychological systems
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
text.
6. The Newman and Newman text proposes that development is based on .

a. only an individual’s psychological ability
b. only an individual’s biological ability
c. the interaction of the social, psychological, and biological systems
d. the relationship between one's psychological and biological abilities
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
text.
7. Individuals’ lives show and as they progress through time.
a. continuity; change
b. similarities; assumptions
c. differences; assimilation
d. expectancy; resignation
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
text.
8. The of an individual mental processes’s behavior provides resources for processing information, solving
problems, and navigating reality.
a. separation
b. distinctiveness
c. consistency
d. integration
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
text.
9. Michael believes that he can influence his personal development by making certain choices and being motivated to
succeed. Michael’s belief best illustrates which of the following assumptions of the Newman and Newman text?
a. Behavior is best analyzed within the context of a person’s environment.
b. Personal development occurs throughout the life span.
c. People contribute actively to their development.
d. As people age, they show continuity and change in their personality.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
text.
OTHER: Bloom's: Apply
10. The meaning-making system focuses on the .
a. predictable nature of humankind
b. diversity of cultures
c. search for identity
d. need for stability
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: A Psychosocial Approach
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DTL.NENE.12.1.2 - Describe the psychosocial approach to the study of
development, including the interrelationship among the biological, psychological, and
societal systems.
11. Active contribution to one’s life can be expressed in numerous ways. What is perhaps the most influential among
these?
a. Development of cognitive ability
b. Development of a social network
c. Development of the epigenetic system
d. Establishment of cultural norms
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
text.
12. What are the three major systems that interact to produce human experience?
a. Biological, psychological, and societal systems
b. Democratic, capitalist, and socialist systems
c. Fantasy, reasoning, and the unconscious
d. Respiratory, circulatory, and metabolic systems
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
societal systems.
13. According to Erik Erikson, human life is produced by .
a. primarily the biological system
b. primarily the psychological system
c. primarily the societal system
d. the interaction of biological, psychological, and societal systems
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
societal systems.
14. According to your text, the developing person

a. cannot modify their psychological system.
b. can modify the psychological system through self-guided choice.
c. can modify one system without affecting other systems.
d. has no control over their development.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
15. Sensory capacities, motor responses, respiratory, circulatory, and endocrine systems are considered elements of
which of the following systems?
a. Biological
b. Psychological
c. Societal
d. Psychoanalytic
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: The Biological System
societal systems.
16. Which scenario best illustrates how the environment influences the biological system?
a. A toddler is adopted by a family that speaks a different language from his or her biological parent.
b. An adolescent attends middle school and then goes to high school.
c. An infant is exposed to many illnesses while attending infant day care.
d. A family takes a vacation.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
17. The biological system .

a. cannot modify the social system
b. is stable over time
c. is guided by genetics
d. cannot modify the psychological system
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
societal systems.
18. Language, memory, and problem solving are considered aspects of which of the following systems?
a. Psychological
b. Biological
c. Societal
d. Ecological
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Psychological System
societal systems.
19. The system provides the resources for processing information and navigating reality.
a. biological
b. psychological
c. integrative
d. societal
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
20. Which of the following is most likely to bring about change in the biological system?
a. Use of drugs
b. Entry into new roles
c. Movement from one culture to the next
d. Age-graded expectations
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
societal systems.
21. Changes in psychological processing are most likely to be affected by

a. genetic influences.
b. technological advances.
c. historical events.
d. cultural shifts.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
22. Which system is most influenced by changes in self-regulation and self-awareness?
a. Psychological
b. Biological
c. Societal
d. Cultural
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
societal systems.
23. Which of the following is most likely to bring about change in the psychological system?
a. Disease
b. Environmental toxins
c. Education
d. Accidents
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
24. Which of the following is most likely to bring about change in the societal system?
a. Genetic factors
b. Insight
c. Nutrition
d. Entry into new roles
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: The Societal System
societal systems.
25. The concept of identity best illustrates the relationship between the psychological system and the system.
a. biological
b. scientific
c. adaptive
d. societal
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
26. Which statement best illustrates how the biological system influences the societal system?
a. Tall people receive higher salaries and are more likely to be hired than short people.
b. People who have a sense of hope have greater immunity toward disease.
c. Over 50% of new mothers in the United States are employed.
d. As people age, they experience more sleep disturbances.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
27. The Moore family’s elderly grandmother hosts an annual family celebration at the family farm every spring. Which
system does this ritual best illustrate?
a. Biological
b. Psychological
c. Societal
d. Emotional
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
societal systems.
28. The influence of culture in one's lifespan is considered to be a component of which of the following systems?
a. Psychological
b. Societal
c. Biological
d. Psychoanalytic
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
societal systems.
29. In the U.S., 16-year-olds expect to obtain a driver’s license. What concept is best illustrated here?
a. Life expectancy
b. Psychological functioning
c. Age-graded societal expectations
d. Individualism
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
30. In terms of human development, poverty is considered .

a. a major obstacle to optimal development
b. an enhancement to resiliency
c. in harmony with psychological functioning
d. a source of continuity in the life course
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Applying Theory and Research to Life: Poverty
societal systems.
31. Persistent poverty during infancy and childhood is associated with .
a. increased communal living arrangements
b. lower levels of academic achievement
c. increased healthcare accessibility
d. lower birth rates
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
32. Which factor is most likely to contribute to families living in poverty?

a. A change in government assistance programs
b. An increase in purchasing power for minimum wage earners
c. An increase in white-collar jobs
d. An increase in single-mother households
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
societal systems.
33. Dale is 12 years old and is being raised by a single mother who recently lost her job. Dale and his mom are now
homeless and experiencing poverty for the first time. Chip is 6 years old. He is being raised by an unemployed
single father. Chip and his father have been living in poverty since Chip’s birth. According to research on poverty,
who is more at risk for negative consequences pertaining to health, cognitive development, and school
achievement?
a. Dale only
b. Chip only
c. Both Dale and Chip
d. Neither Dale nor Chip, because they are being raised by a parent
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
34. Jo Ellen’s divorce was final yesterday afternoon. Based on research, she and her two children can expect which of
the following in terms of their financial well-being?
a. An increase in financial stability based on child support
b. A decrease in household income followed by a sharp increase
c. A decrease in household income
d. An increase in financial well-being
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
societal systems.
35. Earlier exposure to health risks, higher exposure to environmental hazards, and challenges in achieving
developmental tasks are factors that are most often associated with .
a. African American, Hispanic, and Asian American families who experience poverty
b. children who must learn resilience
c. all Americans is rural areas
d. families who are in transitory poverty
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
36. There is a(n) risk of prenatal exposure to environmental toxins in low-income families.
a. higher
b. lower
c. equal
d. insignificant
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
text.
37. Which factor is least likely to mediate the impact of poverty?
a. Higher level of education
b. Strong religious beliefs
c. Active behavioral coping skills
d. Family conflict
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
text.
38. Which descriptor most accurately reflects the psychosocial approach?

a. Only the biological and psychological systems are necessary to analyze behavior.
b. People build relationships that remain in place throughout life.
c. Individual longevity is determined by one’s social relationships.
d. Internal experiences are products of the interaction of biological, psychological, and societal systems.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
text.
39. Which of the following statements best describes the psychosocial approach?
a. Most psychological development is a result of the environment.
b. Lives show patterns of change up through adolescence, and continuity thereafter.
c. Development must be understood as the integration of the biological, psychological, and societal systems.
d. Home and school are the only relevant social environments.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
text.
40. Poverty is primarily considered an element of the system.
a. biological
b. psychological
c. societal
d. temporal
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
41. Poverty can have an impact on the and the systems.

a. biological; psychological
b. ecological; temporal
c. ecological; contextual
d. biological; international
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
42. The psychosocial approach seeks to understand the internal experiences that are .
a. relevant prior to the age of 12
b. relevant after the age of 12
c. products of interactions among biological, psychological, and societal systems
d. influenced by the societal system
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
text.
43. The biological system alerts us to the severity of a threat or crisis through the development of
a. psychological distress.
b. physical symptoms.
c. social withdrawal.
d. hope and forgiveness.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
44. The concept of identity, the meaning we give to ourselves and our sense of purpose, connects us to others. This
concept best illustrates the link between the psychological and systems.
a. biological
b. scientific
c. adaptive
d. societal
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
45. Rose is torn between her memories of how close her family used to be and how her son’s divorce has made her
family less close. This disparity is a reflection of Rose’s system.
a. biological
b. psychological
c. societal
d. adaptive
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Case Study: Rose
societal systems.
46. Life expectancy refers to the .
a. longest potential lifespan of the human species
b. number of years one can expect to live
c. expectation of resources needed for living
d. expectation that one will marry and have children
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Life Expectancy
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: DTL.NENE.12.1.3 - Compare historical changes in life expectancy and analyze the
implications of these changes for the study of development over the life span.
47. Over the course of the 20th and 21st centuries, life expectancy has .
a. stabilized
b. decreased
c. increased
d. fluctuated
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
48. Which statement most accurately describes projections of life expectancy?

a. Men outlive women in Africa.
b. Life expectancy is projected to decrease for men and women.
c. Women outlive men worldwide.
d. Men outlive women worldwide.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
49. Life expectancy at birth for the years 2015 and 2020 are projected, on average, to be around years of
age.
a. 100
b. 90
c. 80
d. 70
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
50. Which statement about longevity is false?

a. A diet low in fat and high in fruits and vegetables contributes to longevity.
b. Daily exercise can contribute to longevity.
c. Longevity is influenced by genetic factors.
d. Longevity is primarily influenced by psychological factors.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Factors that Contribute to Longevity
51. A high level of functioning in later life is associated with

a. education.
b. health.
c. lifestyle.
d. all of these.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
52. People can live longer and healthier lives by
a. exercising 20-30 minutes of daily.
b. engaging in predominantly light exercise.
c. socializing with healthy people to avoid catching illnesses.
d. working as long and as productively as possible.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Factors That Contribute to Longevity
53. Which group has the shortest life expectancy?

a. Anglo females
b. African American females
c. Anglo males
d. African American males
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
54. Likely advances in and treatment, coupled with can lead to higher standards of living in later
life.
a. medical technology; increased Medicare coverage
b. insurance reform; improved support services
c. medical technology; improved support services
d. eliminating poverty; new drugs
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
55. Some scientists investigating the genetic bases of aging are about substantial increases in longevity.
a. optimistic
b. pessimistic
c. altruistic
d. euphemistic
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
56. Johnny believes that 50 years is old enough to live. His grandfather died at 50 and his grandmother needs a walker
to get around now. He decides not to take a job that has a retirement plan over one that pays $1 per hour more
because he cannot imagine living to 65 or 70. His decision is based on
a. common sense.
b. logical reasoning.
c. data and empirical evidence.
d. an assumption about how long he will live.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
57. How is the study of life span human development related to life expectancy?
a. Estimating death rates is the only reason for us to study life expectancy.
b. Estimating birth rates is the only reason for us to study life expectancy.
c. Life expectancy has no relation to the way we study human development.
d. Life expectancy provides a framework for timing about stages and periods of life.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
58. Which statement most accurately describes projections of life expectancy?
a. Men can expect to outlive women worldwide.
b. Life expectancy is projected to decrease for women and increase for men.
c. Women can expect to outlive men worldwide.
d. Women outlive men only in Africa.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
59. The development from one period of life to the next is an individual process.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
text.
60. Developmental change refers to patterns of growth and reorganization.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
text.
61. Self-insight is considered a vital component of mental health.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
62. The biological, psychological, and societal systems are responsive and adapt to changes.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
text.
63. All cultures support physical growth and health in similar ways.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
64. Psychological change is partly guided by genetic information.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
65. Children from low-income families are more likely to be exposed prenatally to maternal malnutrition.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
societal systems.
66. According to projections, life expectancy has been increasing for both men and women.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
67. It is likely that people will be healthier in older age rather than live much longer than current life expectancy.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
68. Select one of the six assumptions of human development. Discuss the implications of this assumption for life span
analysis. Critically evaluate the usefulness of this assumption for understanding human development.
ANSWER: Answers will vary.

POINTS: 1
text.
69. Define culture and describe how culture may influence the view of life span human development. What is the role
of culture in the societal system?

POINTS: 1
societal systems.
70. Discuss why poverty is a risk factor for development by considering biopsychosocial aspects.

POINTS: 1
societal systems.
71. How does the case of Rose illustrate the relationships among the biological, psychological, and societal systems?

POINTS: 1
societal systems.
OTHER: Bloom's: Evaluate
72. What are some important life decisions you might make during early adulthood that would have an impact on your
potential life expectancy?

POINTS: 1
OTHER: Bloom's: Evaluate
73. Which aspect of development is illustrated in the case of Ruth Hamilton?

a. Development is primarily a social construct.
b. Development is primarily a result of biological processes.
c. Development follows the same sequence of steps for everyone.
d. Development occurs across the life span.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Case Study: Ruth Hamilton
text.
74. Ruth Hamilton believed having many students of differing levels in one classroom was good for children. This
supports the idea that individuals .
a. need external control of their environment
b. are influenced by society
c. only learn from direct instruction
d. learn the most through competition
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: Case Study: Ruth Hamilton
text.
75. What is it so important to interpret events in context?

a. People adapt to their environment.
b. People act outside of environment influences.
c. People are most influenced by biological processes.
d. People develop in spurts.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
text.
76. Micah goes to a high school with where the majority of students are immigrants from Russia, China, Bangladesh,
and Korea. This diverse environment will protect Micah by encouraging her to .
a. adapt
b. understand others
c. maintain her identity
d. act as caregiver
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
text.
77. The and are the components of the biological system through which all sensory
information is received, processed, and transmitted.
a. eyes; ears
b. brain; spine
c. brain; peri-nervous system
d. central nervous system; peripheral nervous system
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
78. Ruth Hamilton’s motivation and personal goal to travel the world is an example of something that might be analyzed
using which system?
a. biological
b. psychological
c. societal
d. physiological
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
societal systems.
79. Self-insight can best be defined as a(n) .

a. awareness of one’s thoughts and feelings
b. understanding which process is dictating growth in oneself
c. awareness of how biology influences your development
d. desire to know about the world at large
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
societal systems.
80. Changes in the biological system is most likely to cause changes in the .
a. psychological and societal systems
b. genetic code of an individual
c. awareness and identity of self
d. environmental systems around us
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
text.
81. Tension between one’s competencies and the demands of society is due to
a. the biological imperative.
b. self-insight.
c. a normative crisis.
d. plasticity.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
text.
82. Which of the following is most likely to result from a negative resolution to a normative crisis?
a. Self-indulgence
b. Rigidity
c. Aggressiveness
d. Unpredictability
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
text.
83. Colleen expects to live until age 80, so she feels that there’s no need to have babies for a very long time. Tyler,
though, only expects to live to age 25, so he wants to have babies as soon as possible. What is the core influence on
Colleen and Tyler’s ideas about reproduction?
a. Plasticity
b. Biological threshold
c. Life expectancy
d. Continuity
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: The Life Span
84. Retirement, dating in old age, and second or third careers are all part of a complex network of policies and
practices that are being called into question. Which factor is the biggest influence in this shift?
a. Life expectancies
b. Governmental regulations
c. Population plasticity
d. Brain science
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
85. How has life expectancy changed the landscape of retirement since the 1930s?
a. People are not as healthy after retirement.
b. People tend to forego retirement.
c. People are living longer after retirement.
d. People receive unrestricted benefits from the government.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
86. Which social change is brought about by longer life expectancies?
a. Establishing anti-discrimination norms
b. Delaying marriage and reproduction
c. Retiring earlier
d. Adapting less frequently to environmental cues
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
87. Which factor is most influential in a society’s life expectancy?

a. Mobility
b. Family rituals
c. Education
d. Urbanization
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
88. Longevity is influenced by .

a. primarily the biological system
b. primarily the psychological system
c. primarily the societal system
d. an interaction of all three systems
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
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IN THE COUNTRY OF JESUS. By Matilde Serao. In
one vol., crown 8vo, illustrated, price 6s. net.
CARTHAGE OF THE PHŒNICIANS. By Mabel Moore.
With numerous illustrations and coloured frontispiece.
One vol., crown 8vo, price 6s.
KOREA. By Angus Hamilton. With a map and many
illustrations. In one vol., demy 8vo, price 15s. net.
London: WILLIAM HEINEMANN

lord curzon of kedleston
AFGHANISTAN
BY
ANGUS HAMILTON
fellow of the royal geographical society
author of “korea,” “the siege of
mafeking,” etc.
WITH A MAP AND NUMEROUS
ILLUSTRATIONS
london
WILLIAM HEINEMANN
1906
Copyright 1906 by William Heinemann
All rights reserved

PREFACE
Since 1871, when Sir Charles MacGregor drew up a very exhaustive
précis of information on Afghanistan for the use of the Government
of India, no book dealing with our buffer state in a general manner
has been issued. The thirty-five years which have intervened have
not been without important contributions to our knowledge of
Afghanistan, but those works which have appeared cannot
altogether be described as presenting a single comprehensive study
of contemporary conditions in the country. In 1886 Lieutenant A. C.
Yate, and in 1888 Major C. E. Yate, C.S.I., C.M.G., described in two
very interesting volumes the proceedings of the Afghan Boundary
Commission. Ten years elapsed before anything of importance
appeared, when, by a rare coincidence, two books dealing with
Afghanistan saw the light in 1895: Mr. Stephen Wheeler’s admirable
account of The Amir Abdur Rahman, and that most entertaining and
graphic volume, My Residence at the Court of the Amir, by the late
Amir’s private physician, Dr. A. J. Gray. In 1900 Sultan Mahomed
Khan, Mir Munshi to Abdur Rahman, presented to the public his
remarkable production, The Life of Abdur Rahman, as well as a
treatise on The Constitution and Laws of Afghanistan. In the
following year, 1901, Colonel Sir Thomas Holdich embodied in The
Indian Borderland many graceful descriptions of scenery and various
centres in Afghanistan while, in 1905, in a series of articles in the
Wide World Magazine, Mrs. Kate Daly, physician to Habib Ullah’s
harem and the Government of Afghanistan, illustrated with many
delightful touches a sojourn of Eight Years Among the Afghans.
These few works practically exhaust contemporary literature on
Afghanistan, and it is in an endeavour to provide a more complete
record of the subject than has hitherto existed that the author of
Korea has compiled this little book. Mistakes are those of his own
making; reflections and criticisms arise from his own opinions; but, in
hoping that his critics may find something of value in the results of
two years’ toil, the author wishes to say that if good qualities exist in
it, they are attributable to the encouragement and gracious
assistance which he has received and here wishes to acknowledge.
With a view to the careful preparation of this volume the author,
after returning to London from the war in Manchuria, visited Central
Asia, his travels terminating abruptly in an attack of small-pox
contracted from the natives, while he was wandering in the region of
the Pamirs. Descending viâ Gilgit to India from the Taghdumbash,
twelve months have been spent in the labour of writing, in the
examination of a number of works, and in reference to those
authorities who are so justly distinguished for their knowledge of the
heart of Mid-Asia. In this direction it is perhaps of interest to point out
that in order to establish a standard of accuracy, certain chapters
have been submitted in page proof to the criticism of this little group
of Central Asian experts, and their corrections embodied in its final
form. The author very warmly appreciates the help which has in this
way been given him, and to Colonel de la Poer Beresford and
Captain Charles Bancroft in connection with chaps. i., ii., iii.; to
Colonel Sir Thomas Holdich, K.C.I.E., K.C.M.G., C.B., in chap. iv.; to
Colonel C. E. Yate, C.S.I., C.M.G., in chaps. v. and vi.; to Colonel Sir
Henry McMahon, K.C.I.E., C.S.I., in chap. ix.; to Dr. A. J. Gray, Mrs.
Kate Daly, and Major Cleveland, I.M.S., in chaps. xiv. and xv. he is
very much indebted, as the indulgent manner in which his inquiries
have been received has materially assisted the conclusion of his
task.
In other quarters similar help has been given, and the author
desires to express his deep obligation to the Secretary of State for
India, Mr. Morley, to Mr. John E. Ellis, Parliamentary Under-Secretary
of State for India, to Sir William Lee-Warner, and to Mr. Thomas, of
the Political Department, India Office, for the considerate way in
which services have been rendered him. The very pleasant
hospitality bestowed upon the author by Mr. George Macartney,
C.S.I., the representative of the Government of India in Kashgar,
Chinese Turkestan; by Mr. L. G. Fraser, the editor of The Times of
India; by Mr. C. F. Meyer, Standard Oil Company’s Agent in Bombay;
by Major Cleveland, in Poona; and by Mr. Ivor Heron-Maxwell, late of
Baku in that centre, has provided him with many haunting memories
which, in a later volume, will be more suitably described. To Dr.
Chalmers Mitchell, Secretary of the Zoological Society of London,
and to Mr. J. Bryant Sowerby, Secretary of the Royal Botanic
Society, the author is indebted for assistance in compiling the tables
of species which illustrate chap. xii.; while to the Librarian of the
India Office, and to the Librarian of the Royal Geographical Society,
he would express his grateful thanks.
As correspondent to The Pall Mall Gazette, and to The Times of
India from Central Asia, it is the pleasant duty of the author to
acknowledge the permission of Sir Douglas Straight and Mr. L. G.
Fraser to make use of certain articles which, although entirely altered
and greatly amplified since their original appearance, were first
presented in the respective columns of these organs. These
extracts, a few brief paragraphs on various pages, are confined
solely to the first six chapters of the book. Acknowledgments are
also due to the proprietors of that esteemed Indian journal The
Pioneer, whose London staff permitted the files of their well-known
paper to be inspected; to the proprietors of The Daily Graphic for
permission to reproduce the block of the Amir’s proclamation, and
accompanying translation, appearing on pages 370, 371; to Messrs.
Macmillan for the right to reproduce their copper engraving of Dr. A.
J. Gray’s painting of the Amir Abdur Rahman; to Baron Herbert de
Reuter, Managing Director of Reuter’s Telegram Company, for
courteous assistance; to Mr. J. D. Holmes, an Indian photographer of
renown, whose unique photographs of the Khyber Pass illustrate
chaps. xvi. and xvii.; to Lieutenant Stewart, whose photographs
appear in chap. ix.; to Lieutenant Olufsen for the right to reproduce
certain interesting photographs from that informative work Through
the Unknown Pamirs; to Colonel Sir Thomas Holdich for authority to
base upon his original sketches enlarged drawings of Herat and
Kandahar, by Mr. Percy Home; to Major Cleveland, I.M.S., to whose
great credit very many of the illustrations in this volume must be
placed; to Major Molesworth Sykes, H.B.M. Consul at Meshed, for
photographs appearing in chap. vii.; to Professor Victor Marsden, of
Moscow University, for general courtesies; to Captain Charles
Bancroft for assistance in translating extracts from papers placed at
the author’s disposal by his Excellency Prince Khilkoff, Russian
Minister of Railways; to that well-known military novelist, Mr. Horace
Wyndham, who has been good enough to assist the author in the
revision of his proofs; and to Mr. Thomas Bumpus, of Messrs. J. and
E. Bumpus, Limited.
The final, but by no means the least gratifying, duty now remains
to be fulfilled. It is concerned with the dedication of this volume
which, by special permission, is inscribed:
to him
who,
by the splendour of his gifts

and
the wisdom of his rule,

has left
an indelible and memorable
impression
upon india:
LORD CURZON OF KEDLESTON,
G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., P.C.
ETC. ETC. ETC.

A U T H O R I T I E S C O N S U LT E D
The works consulted in the preparation of this volume, including
references to the Encyclopædia Britannica, embrace most of the
well-known writers on Asiatic Russia, Persia, Afghanistan, and the
Indian Frontier. Among those of less recent date are the books of
Bellew, Connelly, Elphinstone, Ferrier, Lansdell, MacGregor, Marvin,
Pottinger, Rawlinson, Vambéry, Wood and Yule.
Contemporary authorities, to which the author is more especially
indebted, are as follows:
Bruce, R. I. The Forward Policy and its Results.
Chirol, Valentine The Middle Eastern Question.
Curzon, Lord Russia in Central Asia.
” ” Persia and the Persian Question.
” ” The Pamirs and the Source of the Oxus.
Daly, Mrs. Kate Eight Years among the Afghans.
Gray, Dr. A. J. My Residence at the Court of the Amir.
Holdich, Colonel Sir T. H. The Indian Borderland.
Keane, A. H. Asia.
Lansdell, H. Russia in Central Asia.
Olufsen, O. Through the Unknown Pamirs.
Roberts, Field Marshal Lord Forty-one Years in India.
Ronaldshay, Earl of Sport and Politics under an Eastern Sky.
” ” ” On the Outskirts of Empire in Asia.
Shoemaker, M. M. The Heart of the Orient.
Skrine, F. H., and Ross, E. D. The Heart of Asia.
Sultan Mahomed Khan Laws and Constitution of Afghanistan.
” ” ” The Life of Abdur Rahman, Amir of Afghanistan.
Thorburn, S. S. The Punjab in Peace and War.
Yate, A. C. England and Russia Face to Face.
Yate, C. E. Kurasan and Seistan.
” ” Northern Afghanistan.
Together with scientific papers, lectures and articles by:

Colonel de la Poer Beresford.
Major Cleveland.
Major-General Sir Edwin Collen.
Mrs. Kate Daly.
Major-General Sir Edmond Elles.
Sir Lepel Griffin.
Miss Lillias Hamilton.
Colonel Sir Thomas Holdich.
Colonel Sir Henry MacMahon.
And including all Parliamentary, Consular, and other official

publications, the files of The Times, Morning Post, Standard, Daily
Chronicle in England; and The Pioneer, Times of India, and Indian
Daily News in India; besides the more prominent Continental organs.
Royal Societies Club, St. James’s
June 1, 1906.
CONTENTS
CHAP. PAGE
I. The Orenburg-Tashkent Railway 1
II. The Khanate of Bokhara, the Province of Samarkand, the
Districts of Tashkent and Merv 25
III. From Tashkent to Merv 58
IV. The Northern Border and the Oxus River: its Character,
Tributaries and Fords 81
V. The Murghab Valley Railway 110
VI. The Murghab Valley 131
VII. Herat and the Western Border 147
VIII. Kandahar 178
IX. Seistan and the McMahon Mission 211
X. Provinces and District Centres, Ethnographical and
Orological Distribution 242
XI. Administration, Laws and Revenue 269
XII. Trade: Industries and Products 288
XIII. Army, Forts and Communications 308
XIV. Kabul: its Palaces and Court Life 342
XV. Kabul and its Bazaars 376
XVI. Anglo-Afghan Relations 400
XVII. Anglo-Afghan Relations (continued) 427
APPENDICES
I. Names of Stations on the Orenburg-Tashkent Railway 461
II. (A) List of Stations from Tashkent to Merv, with Distances
from Krasnovodsk and Tashkent 463
II. (B) Murghab Valley Railway: List of Stations from Merv to
Kushkinski Post, with Distances from Krasnovodsk and
Merv 464
III. Table of Measurements 465
IV. The Treaty of Gandamak, etc. etc. 466
V. Time Tables of the Oxus Flotilla 519
VI. Return of Articles Exported from Russia to Khorassan 522
during the Period March 21, 1903, to March 20, 1904,
compared with 1900-03
VII. Return of Articles Exported from Khorassan to Russia
during the Period March 21, 1903, to March 20, 1904,
compared with 1900-03 526
VIII. Return of Articles Exported from Afghanistan to
Khorassan and Seistan during the Period March 21,
1903, to March 20, 1904, compared with 1900-03 529
IX. Return of Articles Exported from Khorassan and Seistan
to Afghanistan during the Period March 21, 1903, to
March 20, 1904, compared with 1900-03 531
X. Return of Articles Exported from India to Khorassan viâ
the Seistan Route during the Period March 21, 1903, to
March 20, 1904 534
XI. Return of Articles Exported from Khorassan to India viâ
the Seistan Route during the Period March 21, 1903, to
March 20, 1904 535
XII. Trade Value of the Seistan Route compared with
Competing Routes 536
XIII. Agreement between the United Kingdom and Japan 537
XIV. Chronological Sketch of Afghan History 540
Index 547
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
Lord Curzon of Kedleston Frontispiece
Market-cart, Orenburg 1
Tomb in the Market-place, Samarkand 3
Palace of the Governor, Baku 5
The Picturesque Camel 6
The Shir Dar Medresse, Samarkand 7
On the Road in Asia 9
Kirghiz Elders 17
Kirghiz Women 19
Native Quarter, Tashkent 21
Shir Dar, Samarkand 25
The Amir of Bokhara on Palace Steps 27
The Gates of Bokhara 31
The Prison, Bokhara 35
The Minar Kalan, Bokhara 36
The Ark, Bokhara 37
The Tomb of Tamerlane, Samarkand 41
Samarkand—the Hour of Prayer 44
Samarkand—a Bird’s-eye View 45
Sobornaya Boulevard in Tashkent 47
Bazaar Scene 51
Breaking Camp on Manœuvres, Tashkent 53
Native Quarter, Tashkent 58
Koran Stand, Samarkand 58
Peasants from the Golodnaya Steppe 60
The Column of Tamerlane, Samarkand 63
The Registan, Samarkand 65
Throne-Room—Palace of the Amir of Bokhara 68
Amir’s Palace, Bokhara 70
The Dervishes of Bokhara 72
The Kara Kum—Black Sands 76
Mosque at Bairam Ali 77
The Gur Amir 78

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Test Bank for Development Through

Life A Psychosocial Approach, 12th

Development Through Life A Psychosocial Approach Newman

Life Span Development A Topical Approach Feldman 2nd

Life Span Development A Topical Approach 3rd Edition

Test Bank for Life-Span Development Infancy Through

Life Span Development A Topical Approach 3rd Edition

Test Bank for A Topical Approach to Life-Span

Test Bank for Fundamentals of Selling Customers for

Test Bank for Human Development a Life Span View Third

2. The life span approach strives to identify .

3. Which statement is an assumption of the Newman and Newman text?

5. In the context of human development, the term plasticity refers to .

6. The Newman and Newman text proposes that development is based on .

14. According to your text, the developing person

17. The biological system .

21. Changes in psychological processing are most likely to be affected by

30. In terms of human development, poverty is considered .

32. Which factor is most likely to contribute to families living in poverty?

38. Which descriptor most accurately reflects the psychosocial approach?

41. Poverty can have an impact on the and the systems.

48. Which statement most accurately describes projections of life expectancy?

50. Which statement about longevity is false?

51. A high level of functioning in later life is associated with

53. Which group has the shortest life expectancy?

60. Developmental change refers to patterns of growth and reorganization.

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

ANSWER: Answers will vary.

73. Which aspect of development is illustrated in the case of Ruth Hamilton?

75. What is it so important to interpret events in context?

79. Self-insight can best be defined as a(n) .

87. Which factor is most influential in a society’s life expectancy?

88. Longevity is influenced by .

Release date: March 24, 2024 [eBook #73258]

Original publication: London: William Heinemann, 1906

Credits: Carol Brown, Peter Becker and the Online Distributed

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK

London: WILLIAM HEINEMANN

WITH A MAP AND NUMEROUS

All rights reserved

by the splendour of his gifts

the wisdom of his rule,

LORD CURZON OF KEDLESTON,

G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., P.C.

ETC. ETC. ETC.

Together with scientific papers, lectures and articles by:

And including all Parliamentary, Consular, and other official

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