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Chapter 2
More on Functions
6. a) For x-values from 1 to 4, the y-values increase from 2
Exercise Set 2.1 to 11. Thus the function is increasing on the interval
(1, 4).
1. a) For x-values from −5 to 1, the y-values increase from b) For x-values from −1 to 1, the y-values decrease
−3 to 3. Thus the function is increasing on the from 6 to 2. Also, for x-values from 4 to ∞, the y-
interval (−5, 1). values decrease from 11 to −∞. Thus the function
is decreasing on (−1, 1) and on (4, ∞).
b) For x-values from 3 to 5, the y-values decrease from
3 to 1. Thus the function is decreasing on the inter- c) For x-values from −∞ to −1, y is 3. Thus the func-
val (3, 5). tion is constant on (−∞, −1).

c) For x-values from 1 to 3, y is 3. Thus the function 7. The x-values extend from −5 to 5, so the domain is [−5, 5].
is constant on (1, 3).
The y-values extend from −3 to 3, so the range is [−3, 3].
2. a) For x-values from 1 to 3, the y-values increase from 1
8. Domain: [−5, 5]; range: [1, 4]
to 2. Thus, the function is increasing on the interval
(1, 3). 9. The x-values extend from −5 to −1 and from 1 to 5, so
b) For x-values from −5 to 1, the y-values decrease the domain is [−5, −1] ∪ [1, 5].
from 4 to 1. Thus the function is decreasing on the The y-values extend from −4 to 6, so the range is [−4, 6].
interval (−5, 1).
10. Domain: [−5, 5]; range: [1, 3]
c) For x-values from 3 to 5, y is 2. Thus the function
is constant on (3, 5). 11. The y-values
x-values increase
extend from −2 to
from −∞ ∞, Thus
to 3. so thethedomain
function
is is
3. a) For x-values from −3 to −1, the y-values increase increasing on (−∞, −8) and on (−3, −2).
from −4 to 4. Also, for x-values from 3 to 5, the
y-values increase from 2 to 6. Thus the function is b) For x-values from −8 to −6, the y-values decrease from
increasing on (−3, −1) and on (3, 5). 2 to −2. Thus the function is decreasing on the interval
(−8, −6).
b) For x-values from 1 to 3, the y-values decrease from
3 to 2. Thus the function is decreasing on the inter- c) For x-values from −6 to −3, y is −2. Also, for x- values
val (1, 3). from −2 to ∞, y is 3. Thus the function is constant on
(−6, −3) and on (−2, ∞).
c) For x-values from −5 to −3, y is 1. Thus the func-
tion is constant on (−5, −3).
4. a) For x-values from 1 to 2, the y-values increase from 1
to 2. Thus the function is increasing on the interval
(1, 2).
b) For x-values from −5 to −2, the y-values decrease
from 3 to 1. For x-values from −2 to 1, the y-values
decrease from 3 to 1. And for x-values from 3 to 5,
the y-values decrease from 2 to 1. Thus the function
is decreasing on (−5, −2), on (−2, 1), and on (3, 5).
c) For x-values from 2 to 3, y is 2. Thus the function
is constant on (2, 3).
5. a) For x-values from −∞ to −8, the y-values increase
from −∞ to 2. Also, for x-values from −3 to −2, the

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
 (−∞,
∞).
The y-values extend from −∞ to 3, so the range is (−∞,
3].
12. Domain: (−∞, ∞); range: (−∞, 11]
13. From the graph we see that a relative maximum value
of the function is 3.25. It occurs at x = 2.5. There
is no relative minimum value.
The graph starts rising, or increasing, from the left
and stops increasing at the relative maximum. From this
point, the graph decreases. Thus the function is
increasing on (−∞, 2.5) and is decreasing on (2.5, ∞).

14. From the graph we see that a relative minimum value

of 2 occurs at x = 1. There is no relative maximum
value.
The graph starts falling, or decreasing, from the left
and stops decreasing at the relative minimum. From this
point, the graph increases. Thus the function is
increasing on (1, ∞) and is decreasing on (−∞, 1).
15. From the graph we see that a relative maximum value
of the function is 2.370. It occurs at x = −0.667. We
also see that a relative minimum value of 0 occurs at x
= 2.
The graph starts rising, or increasing, from the left
and stops increasing at the relative maximum. From this
point it decreases to the relative minimum and then
increases again. Thus the function is increasing on
(−∞, −0.667) and on (2, ∞). It is decreasing on
(−0.667, 2).

16. From the graph we see that a relative maximum value

of
2.921 occurs at x = 3.601. Arelative minimum value
of
0.995 occurs at x =
0.103.

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
74 Chapter 2: More on Functions

The graph starts decreasing from the left and stops de- 20. y
creasing at the relative minimum. From this point it in- 5
creases to the relative maximum and then decreases again. 4
Thus the function is increasing on (0.103, 3.601) and is de- 3

creasing on (−∞, 0.103) and on (3.601, ∞). 2

1

17. y –5 –4 –3 –2 –1
–1
1 2 3 4 5 x

5 –2

4 –3 f (x ) = | x + 3 | — 5
3 –4
2 f (x ) = x 2 –5
1

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1
–1
1 2 3 4 5 x
Increasing: (−3, ∞)
–2
–3
Decreasing: (−∞, −3)
–4 Maxima: none
–5
Minimum: −5 at x = −3

The function is increasing on (0, ∞) and decreasing on 21. y

(−∞, 0). We estimate that the minimum is 0 at x = 0. 5

There are no maxima. 4
3
18. y 2
1
5

4 f (x ) = 4 — x 2 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 x
–1
3

–2 f (x ) = x 2 — 6x + 10
2 –3
1
–4
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 x –5
–1
–2

–3 The function is decreasing on (−∞, 3) and increasing on

–4
–5
(3, ∞). We estimate that the minimum is 1 at x = 3.
There are no maxima.

Increasing: (−∞, 0) 22. y

Decreasing: (0, ∞) 10 2
f (x ) = — x — 8x — 9
8
Maximum: 4 at x = 0 6

Minima: none 4
2

19. y –10 –8 –6 –4 –2
–2
2 4 6 8 10 x

5 –4
f (x ) = 5 — | x
| –6
4
–8
3

2 –10
1

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1
–1
1 2 3 4 5 x
Increasing: (−∞, −4)
–2
–3
Decreasing: (−4, ∞)
–4 Maximum: 7 at x = −4
–5
Minima: none

The function is increasing on (−∞, 0) and decreasing on 23.

(0, ∞). We estimate that the maximum is 5 at x = 0.
There are no minima.

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
74 Chapter 2: More on Functions

Beginning at the left side of the window, the graph first

drops as we move to the right. We see that the function is

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 2.1 75
decreasing on (−∞, 1). We then find that the function is 28. a) y 0.1x 2 1.2x 98.6
increasing on (1, 3) and decreasing again on (3, ∞). The 110
MAXIMUM and MINIMUM features also show that the
relative maximum is −4 at x = 3 and the relative minimum
is −8 at x = 1.
0 12
24. 90

b) Using the MAXIMUM feature we find that the rel-

ative maximum is 102.2 at t = 6. Thus, we know
that the patient’s temperature was the highest at
t = 6, or 6 days after the onset of the illness and
that the highest temperature was 102.2◦ F.
8x
29. Graph y = .
Increasing: (−∞, −2.573), (3.239, ∞) x2 + 1

Increasing: (−1, 1)
Decreasing: (−2.573, 3.239)
Decreasing: (−∞, −1), (1, ∞)
Relative maximum: 4.134 at x = −2.573
Relative minimum: −15.497 at x = 3.239 −4
30. Graph y = .
x2
+1
25. Increasing: (0, ∞)
Decreasing: (−∞, 0)
√
31. Graph y = x 4 − x2 , for −2 ≤ x ≤ 2.

Increasing: (−1.414, 1.414)

Decreasing: (−2, −1.414), (1.414, 2)
√
32. Graph y = −0.8x 9 − x2 , for −3 ≤ x ≤ 3.

We find that the function is increasing on (−1.552, 0) and Increasing: (−3, −2.121), (2.121, 3)
on (1.552, ∞) and decreasing on (−∞, −1.552) and on
(0, 1.552). The relative maximum is 4.07 at x = 0 and Decreasing: (−2.121, 2.121)
the relative minima are −2.314 at x = −1.552 and −2.314 33. If x = the length of the rectangle, in meters, then the
at x = 1.552.
480−2x

width is , or 240 − x. We use the formula Area =

26. 2
length × width:
A(x) = x(240 − x), or
A(x) = 240x − x2
34. Let h = the height of the scarf, in inches. Then the length
of the base = 2h − 7.
1
A(h) = (2h − 7)(h)
2
Increasing: (−3, ∞) 7
2

Decreasing: (−∞, −3) A(h) = h − h

2

Relative maxima: none 35. We use the Pythagorean theorem.

Relative minimum: 9.78 at x = −3 [h(d)]2 + 35002 = d2

0
27. a) y x2 300x 6 0
50,000

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Exercise Set 2.1 75

300 [h(d)]2
= d2 −
35002
h(d)
=
√
d2
−
35002
We considered
only the positive
square root since
distance must be
nonnegative.

36. After t minutes,

the balloon has risen
120t ft. We use the
Pythagorean
theorem.
[d(t)]2 =
(120t)2 + 4002
b) 22, 506 at a = 150
d(t) = (120t)2 + 4002
c) The greatest number of fruit trees will be sold when
We considered only the positive square root since distance
$150 thousand is spent on advertising. For that
must be nonnegative.
amount, 22,506 fruit trees will be sold.

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
76 Chapter 2: More on Functions

37. Let w = the width of the rectangle. Then the b) The length of the sides labeled x must be positive
40−2w and their total length must be less than 240 ft, so
length = , or 20 − w. Divide the rectangle into
2 4x < 240, or x < 60. Thus the domain is
quadrants as shown below. {x|0 < x < 60}, or (0, 60).
c) We see from the graph that the maximum value of
the area function on the interval (0, 60) appears to
be 3600 when x = 30. Thus the dimensions that
yield the maximum area are 30 ft by 240 − 4 · 30, or
20 – w 240 − 120, or 120 ft.
42. a) If the length = x feet, then the width = 24 − x feet.
A(x) = x(24 − x)
w A(x) = 24x − x2
b) The length of the rectangle must be positive and
In each quadrant there are two congruent triangles. One
less than 24 ft, so the domain of the function is
triangle is part of the rhombus and both are part of the {x|0 < x < 24}, or (0, 24).
rectangle. Thus, in each quadrant the area of the rhombus
is one-half the area of the rectangle. Then, in total, the c) We see from the graph that the maximum value of
area of the rhombus is one-half the area of the rectangle. the area function on the interval (0, 24) appears to
1 be 144 when x = 12. Then the dimensions that yield
A(w) = (20 − w)(w) the maximum area are length = 12 ft and width =
2
24 − 12, or 12 ft.
w2
A(w) = 10w − 43. a) When a square with sides of length x is cut from
2
each corner, the length of each of the remaining sides
46−2w of the piece of cardboard is 12 − 2x. Then the di-
38. Let w = the width, in feet. Then the length = ,
2 mensions of the box are x by 12 − 2x by 12 − 2x. We
or 23 − w.
use the formula Volume = length × width × height
A(w) = (23 − w)w to find the volume of the box:
A(w) = 23w − w2
V (x) = (12 − 2x)(12 − 2x)(x)

39. We will use similar triangles, expressing all distances in V (x) = (144 − 48x + 4x2 )(x)

1 s
feet. 6 in. = ft, s in. = ft, and d yd = 3d ft We V (x) = 144x − 48x2 + 4x3
2 12
have This can also be expressed as V (x) = 4x(x − 6)2 , or
1 V (x) = 4x(6 − x)2 .
3d
= 2 b) The length of the sides of the square corners that
7 s
are cut out must be positive and less than half the
12
length of a side of the piece of cardboard. Thus, the
s 1
· 3d = 7 · domain of the function is {x|0 < x < 6}, or (0, 6).
12 2
c) y 4x (6 x)2
sd 7 200
=
4 2
4 7
d = · , so
s 2

14 0 6
d(s) = . 0
s
40. The volume of the tank is the sum of the volume of a sphere d) Using the MAXIMUM feature, we find that the
maximum value of the volume occurs when x = 2.
with radius r and a right circular cylinder with radius r
When x = 2, 12 − 2x = 12 − 2 · 2 = 8, so the dimen-
and height 6 ft.
sions that yield the maximum volume are 8 cm by
4 3
V (r) = πr + 6πr 2 8 cm by 2 cm.
3

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
76 Chapter 2: More on Functions

44. a) If the height of the file is x inches, then the width

41. a) After 4 pieces of float line, each of length x ft, are
used for the sides perpendicular to the beach, there is 14 − 2x inches and the length is 8 in. We use the
remains (240−4x) ft of float line for the side parallel formula Volume = length × width × height to find
to the beach. Thus we have a rectangle with length the volume of the file.
240 − 4x and width x. Then the total area of the V (x) = 8(14 − 2x)x, or
three swimming areas is V (x) = 112x − 16x2
A(x) = (240 − 4x)x, or 240x − 4x2 .

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 2.1 77

b) The height of the file must be positive and less than 46. a) Let h(x) = the height of the box.
half of the measure of the long side of the piece of 320 = x · x · h(x)
14
plastic. Thus, the domain is x0< x< , or 320
2 = h(x)
x2
{x|0 < x < 7}.
Area of the bottom: x2
c) y 112x 16x 2 320 320
250 Area of each side: x , or
x2 x
2
Area of the top: x

320
C(x) = 1.5x2 + +4(2.5) + 1 · x2
x

0 7 3200
0 C(x) = 2.5x2 +
x
d) Using the MAXIMUM feature, we find that the b) The length of the base must be positive, so the do-
maximum value of the volume function occurs when main of the function is {x|x > 0}, or (0, ∞).
x = 3.5, so the file should be 3.5 in. tall. c) 3200
y 2.5x2 x
45. a) The length of a diameter of the circle (and a di- 1000
agonal of the rectangle) is 2 · 8, or 16 ft. Let l =
the length of the rectangle. Use the Pythagorean
theorem to write l as a function of x.
x2 + l2 = 162
x2 + l2 = 256 0
0
20

l = 256 − x
2 2
d) Using the MIMIMUM feature, we find that the
l= 256 − x2 minimum cost occurs when x ≈ 8.618. Thus, the
Since the length must be positive, we considered dimensions that minimize the cost are about
only the positive square root. 320

8.618 ft by 8.618 ft by , or about 4.309 ft.

Use the formula Area = length × width to find the (8.618)2
area of the rectangle:
√ x + 4, for x ≤ 1,
47. g(x) =
A(x) = x 256 − x2 8 − x, for x > 1

b) The width of the rectangle must be positive and less

Since −4 ≤ 1, g(−4) = −4 + 4 = 0.
than the diameter of the circle. Thus, the domain
of the function is {x|0 < x < 16}, or (0, 16). Since 0 ≤ 1, g(0) = 0 + 4 = 4.
c) Since 1 ≤ 1, g(1) = 1 + 4 = 5.
y x 256 x2
150
Since 3 > 1, g(3) = 8 − 3 = 5.

3, for x ≤ −2,
48. f (x) = 1
x + 6, for x > −2
2
0 16
0

f (−5) = 3
d) Using the MAXIMUM feature, we find that the max- f (−2) = 3
imum area√ occurs when x isabout 11.314. When x ≈ 1
11.314, 256 − x2 ≈ 256 − (11.314)2 ≈ 11.313. f (0) = · 0 + 6 = 6
Thus, the dimensions that maximize the area are 2
1
about 11.314 ft by 11.313 ft. (Answers may vary f (2) = · 2 + 6 = 7
2
slightly due to rounding differences.)

−3x − 18, for x < −5,

49. h(x) = 1, for −5 ≤ x < 1,
Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Exercise Set 2.1 77

x + 2, for x ≥ 1
Since −5 is in the interval [−5, 1), h(−5) = 1.
Since 0 is in the interval [−5, 1), h(0) = 1.
Since 1 ≥ 1, h(1) = 1 + 2 = 3.
Since 4 ≥ 1, h(4) = 4 + 2 = 6.

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
78 Chapter 2: More on Functions
−5x − 8, for x < −2, 2x − 1, for x < 2
54. h(x) =
2 − x, for x ≥ 2
50. f (x) = x + 5, for −2 ≤ x ≤ 4,
2 y

10 − 2x, for x > 4 4

Since −4 < −2, f (−4) = −5(−4) − 8 = 12. 2

Since −2 is in the interval [−2, 4], f (−2) = (−2) + 5 = 4. 4 2 2 4 x

2 2

Since 4 is in the interval [−2, 4], f (4) = · 4 + 5 = 7. 4

2
Since 6 > 4, f (6) = 10 − 2 · 6 = −2.
x + 1, for x ≤ −3,
1
x, for x < 0,
51. f (x) = 2 55. f (x) = −1, for −3 < x < 4
x + 3, for x ≥ 0 1
1 x, for x ≥ 4
2
We create the graph in two parts. Graph f (x) = x for
2
inputs x less than 0. Then graph f (x) = x + 3 for inputs We create the graph in three parts. Graph f (x) = x + 1
x greater than or equal to 0. for inputs x less than or equal to −3. Graph f (x) = −1

y 1

4
2 y

4 2 2 4 x 4
2
2
4
4 2 2 4 x
2
1 4
− x + 2, for x ≤ 0,
52. f (x) = 3
x − 5, for x > 0

y 56. f (x) = x + 1, for −2 < x < 3

2 y

4 2 2 4 x 4
2 2

4 2 2 4 x
2

3 4
− x + 2, for x < 4,
53. f (x) = 4
−1, for x ≥ 4 1
We create the graph in two parts. Graph x − 1, for x < 0,
2
3
f (x) = − x + 2 for inputs x less than 4. Then graph 57. g(x) = 3, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
4
f (x) = −1 for inputs x greater than or equal to 4.
y
−2x, for x > 1
4
1
We create the graph in three parts. Graph g(x) = x− 1
2
2 4 4 2 x
2

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
78 Chapter 2: More on Functions

4 for inputs less than 0. Graph g(x) = 3 for inputs greater

than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. Then graph
g(x) = −2x for inputs greater than 1.

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 2.1 79
y 61. f (x) = [[x]]
4 See Example 9.
2

4 2 2 4 x
2

x 2− 9
, for x = −3,
58. f (x) = x+3
5, for x = −3 62. f (x) = 2[[x]]
y This function can be defined by a piecewise function with
an infinite number of statements:
4
.
2 .

4 2 2 4 x
2 −4, for −2 ≤ x < −1,
4 −2, for −1 ≤ x < 0,
f (x) =
6
2, for 1 ≤ x < 2,
.
2, for x = 5, .
.
59. f (x) = x2 −25
, for x = 5
x− 5
y
When x = 5, the denominator of (x2 − 25)/(x − 5) is
6
nonzero so we can simplify:
4
x2 −25 (x+5)(x−5)
= = x + 5.
x− 5 x− 5 2

Thus, f (x) = x + 5, for x = 5. 4 2 4 x

The graph of this part of the function consists of a line
with a “hole” at the point (5, 10), indicated by an open f (x) 2x
dot. At x = 5, we have f (5) = 2, so the point (5, 2) is
plotted below the open dot. 63. f (x) = 1 + [[x]]
y This function can be defined by a piecewise function with
an infinite number of statements:
8
.
2

8 4 4 8
.
x
4
0, for −1 ≤ x < 0,
8 f (x) = 1, for 0 ≤ x < 1,
2, for 1 ≤ x < 2,
2 .
x + 3x + 2
, for x = −1, .
60. f (x) = x+1 4

7, for x = −1

8
6

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 2.1 79

y 2
.
4 4 2 4 x
2 2

4 2 2 4 x

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
80 Chapter 2: More on Functions
1 74. Domain: (−∞, ∞); range: {y|y = −2 or y ≥ 0}. An
64. f (x) = [[x]] − 2
2 equation for the function is:
This function can be defined by a piecewise function with
an infinite number of statements: |x|, for x < 3,
h(x) =
−2, for x ≥ 3
.
. This can also be expressed as follows:
. −x, for x ≤ 0,

−2 21 , for −1 ≤ x < 0, h(x) = x, for 0 < x < 3,

−2, for 0 ≤ x < 1, −2, for x ≥ 3
f (x) =
−1 12 , for 1 ≤ x < 2, It can also be expressed as follows:

−1, for 2 ≤ x < 3,

. −x, for x < 0,
. h(x) = x, for 0 ≤ x < 3,
. −2, for x ≥ 3

75. From the graph we see that the domain is [−5, 3] and the
range is (−3, 5). Finding the slope of each segment and
y
using the slope-intercept or point-slope formula, we find
4
h(x) qx 2 that an equation for the function is:
2 x + 8, for −5 ≤ x < −3,

h(x) = 3, for −3 ≤ x ≤ 1,
4 2 2 x 3x − 6, for 1 < x ≤ 3
2

4 76. Domain: [−4, ∞); range: [−2, 4]

−2x − 4, for −4 ≤ x ≤ −1,
f (x) = x − 1, for −1 < x < 2,
65. From the graph we see that the domain is (−∞, ∞) and
2, for x ≥ 2
the range is (−∞, 0) ∪ [3, ∞).
This can also be expressed as:
66. Domain: (−∞, ∞); range: (−5, ∞) −2x − 4, for −4 ≤ x < −1,
67. From the graph we see that the domain is (−∞, ∞) and f (x) = x − 1, for −1 ≤ x < 2,
the range is [−1, ∞). 2, for x ≥ 2
2

68. Domain: (∞, ∞); range: (−∞, 3) 77. f (x) = 5x − 7

69. From the graph we see that the domain is (−∞, ∞) and
the range is {y|y ≤ −2 or y = −1 or y ≥ 2}.
70. Domain: (−∞, ∞); range: (−∞, −3] ∪ (−1, 4]
71. From the graph we see that the domain is (−∞, ∞) and
the range is {−5, −2, 4}. An equation for the function is:
−2, for x < 2,
a) f (−3) = 5(−3)2 − 7 = 5 · 9 − 7 = 45 − 7 = 38
b) f (3) = 5 · 32 − 7 = 5 · 9 − 7 = 45 − 7 = 38
c) f (a) = 5a2 − 7
d) f (−a) = 5(−a)2 − 7 = 5a2 − 7
78. f (x) = 4x3 − 5x
a) f (2) = 4 · 23 − 5 · 2 = 4 · 8 − 5 · 2 = 32 − 10 = 22

f (x) = −5, for x = 2,

b) f ( 2) = 4( 2)3
4, for x > 2 − − − 5(−2) = 4(−8) − 5(−2) = −32 +
10 = −22

72. Domain: (−∞, ∞); range: {y|y = −3 or y ≥ 0} c) f (a) = 4a3 − 5a

−3, for x < 0, d) f (−a) = 4(−a)3 − 5(−a) = 4(−a3 ) − 5(−a) =
g(x) =
x, for x ≥ 0 −4a3 + 5a
73. From the graph we see that the domain is (−∞, ∞) and x, for x ≤ −1,
the range is (−∞, −1] ∪ [2, ∞). Finding the slope of each
segment and using the slope-intercept or point-slope for-
mula, we find that an equation for the function is:
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c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
 80 Chapter 2: More on Functions

8x = y + 10
79. First find the slope of the given line.
8x − 10 = y
8x − y = 10
g(x) = 2, for −1 < x ≤ 2, The slope of the given line is 8. The slope of a line per-
x, for x > 2 pendicular to this line is the opposite of the reciprocal of
1
This can also be expressed as follows: 8, or − .
8
x, for x ≤ −1,

g(x) = 2, for −1 < x < 2,

x, for x ≥ 2

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c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 2.1 81
y − y1 = m(x − x1 ) 84. If [[x + 2]] = −3, then −3 ≤ x + 2 < −2, or
1 −5 ≤ x < −4. The possible inputs for x are
y − 1 = − [x − (−1)]
8 {x| − 5 ≤ x < −4}.
1 2

y − 1 = − (x + 1) 85. If [[x]] = 25, then [[x]] = −5 or [[x]] = 5. For

8
−5 ≤ x < −4, [[x]] = −5. For 5 ≤ x < 6, [[x]] = 5.
1 1
y −1 = − x− Thus, the possible inputs for x are
8 8
{x| − 5 ≤ x < −4 or 5 ≤ x < 6}.
1 7
y = − x+ 86. a) The distance from A to S is 4 − x.
8 8
80. 2x − 9y + 1 = 0 Using the Pythagorean √ eorem, we find that the
thA

distance from S to C is 1 + x2 .A
2x + 1 = 9y
√
2 1 3000(4−x)+5000 1 + x2 , or 12, 000−
Then C(x) = √
x+ = y 3000x + 5000 1 + x2 .
9 9
2 1 b) Use a graphingAcalculator to graph y = 12, 000 −

Slope: ; y-intercept: 0, √
9 9 3000x + 5000 1 + x2 in a window such as

[0, 5, 10, 000, 20, 000], Xscl = 1, Yscl = 1000. Using

81. Graph y = x4 + 4x3 − 36x2 − 160x + 400 the MINIMUM feature, we find that cost is mini-
Increasing: (−5, −2), (4, ∞) mized when x = 0.75, so the line should come to
shore 0.75 mi from B.
Decreasing: (−∞, −5), (−2, 4)
Relative maximum: 560 at x = −2 87. a) We add labels to the drawing in the text.
Relative minima: 425 at x = −5, −304 at x = 4 E

82. Graph y = 3.22x − 5.208x − 11

5 3

Increasing: (−∞, −0.985), (0.985, ∞)

Decreasing: (−0.985, 0.985) D

10
Relative maximum: −9.008 at x = −0.985
Relative minimum: −12.992 at x = 0.985 h

83. a) The function C(t) can be defined piecewise.

C
3, for 0 < t < 1, A r B 6–r
6, for 1 ≤ t < 2, 6

9, for 2 ≤ t < 3, We write a proportion involving the lengths of the

C(t) = . sides of the similar triangles BCD and ACE. Then
. we solve it for h.
. h 10
=
6−r 6
We graph this function.
10 5
h = (6 − r) = (6 − r)
6 3
30−5r
h =
3
30−5r
Thus, h(r) = .
3
b) From the definition of the function in part (a),
we see that it can be written as
C(t) = 3[[t]] + 1, t > 0.

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c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
 Exercise Set 2.1 81

b) V = πr2 h
30−5r
V (r) = πr2 Substituting for h
3

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c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
82 Chapter 2: More on Functions
1 1 1
c) We first express r in terms of h. 7. (f g ) − =f − ·g −
30−5r 2 2 2
h = 2
3 1
= −1 −3 2 − +1

3h = 30 − 5r 2 2
5r = 30 − 3h 11
=− ·0 =0

30−3h 4√
r = √ f (− 3)
5 8. (f /g)( 3) =
− √
g(− 3)
V = πr2 h √
( − 3)2 − 3
30−3h 2 = √
V (h) = π h 2( 3) + 1
−
5
0
Substituting for r = √← =0
− 3+1
2
2

30−3h 9. (g − f )(−1) = g(−1) − f (−1)

We can also write V (h) = πh .
5
= [2(−1) + 1] − [(−1)2 − 3]
= (−2 + 1) − (1 − 3)
Exercise Set 2.2
= −1 − (−2)
1. (f + g)(5) = f (5) + g(5) = −1 + 2
= (5 − 3) + (2 · 5 + 1)
2 =1
= 25 − 3 + 10 + 1 1
1 g −
−
= 33 10. (g/f ) = 2
2 1
f −
2. (f g)(0) = f (0) · g(0) 2
= (02 − 3)(2 · 0 + 1) 1
2 − +1
2
= −3(1) = −3 = 1 2
− −3
3. (f − g)(−1) = f (−1) − g(−1) 2
0
= ((−1)2 − 3) − (2(−1) + 1) =
11
= −2 − (−1) = −2 + 1 −
4
= −1 =0

4. (f g)(2) = f (2) · g(2) 11. (h − g)(−4) = h(−4) − g(−4)

√
= (2 − 3)(2 · 2 + 1)
2 = (−4 + 4) − −4 − 1
√
= 0 − −5
= 1·5 =5 √
1 Since −5 is not a real number, (h−g)(−4) does not exist.
−
1 f
5. (f /g) − A = 2 12. (gh)(10) = g(10)· h(10)
2 g −
1 √
2 = 10 − 1(10 + 4)
√
1 2 = 9(14)
− −3
= 2 = 3 · 14 = 42
1

2 − +1 g(1)
2 13. (g/h)(1) =
h(1)
1 3 √
−
−
= 4 −
11
−1 + 1
= 4
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c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
 0 1 1
=
1+4
√
0
=
5
0
1 = =0
Since division by 0 is not defined, (f /g ) − does not 5
2
h(1)
exist. 14. (h/g)(1) =
g(1)
6. (f − g)(0) = f (0) − g(0) 1+4
= √
= (02 − 3) − (2 · 0 + 1) 1 −1
= −3 − 1 = −4 5
=
0

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 2.2 83
√
Since division by 0 is not defined, (h/g)(1) does not exist. 19. f (x) = x − 3, g(x) = x+4
15. (g + h)(1) = g(1) + h(1) a) Any number can be an input in f , so the domain of
√ f is the set of all real numbers, or (−∞, ∞).
= 1 − 1 + (1 + 4)
√ The domain of g consists of all values of x for which
= 0+5 x+4 is nonnegative, so we have x+4 ≥ 0, or x ≥ −4.
= 0+5 =5 Thus, the domain of g is [−4, ∞).
16. (hg)(3) = h(3) · g(3) The domain of f + g, f − g, and f g is the set of all
numbers in the domains of both f and g. This is
√
A4) 3 − 1
= (3 + [− 4, ∞).
√
=7 2 The domain of f f is the domain of f , or (−∞, ∞).
17. f (x) = 2x + 3, g(x) = 3 − 5x The domain of f /g is the set of all numbers in
the domains of f and g, excluding those for which
a) The domain of f and of g is the set of all real numbers,
g(x) = 0. Since g(−4) = 0, the domain of f /g is
or (−∞, ∞). Then the domain of f + g, f − g, f f ,
3 (−4, ∞).
and f g is also (−∞, ∞). For f/g we must exclude The domain of g/f is the set of all numbers in
5
3 the domains of g and f , excluding those for which
since g = 0. Then the domain of f /g is f (x) = 0. Since f (3) = 0, the domain of g/f is
5
3 3 [−4, 3) ∪ (3, ∞).
− ∞, ∪ , ∞ . For g/f we must exclude
5 5 √
3 3 b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = x − 3 + x+ 4
− since f − = 0. The domain of g/f is √
2 2 (f − g)(x) = f (x) − g(x) = x − 3 − x+4

3 3 √
− ∞, − ∪ − ,∞ . (f g)(x) = f (x) · g(x) = (x − 3) x + 4
2 2
2
(f f )(x) = f (x) = (x − 3)2 = x2 − 6x + 9
b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = (2x + 3) + (3 − 5x) =
−3x + 6 f (x) x−3
(f /g)(x) = = √
g(x) A
x+4
(f − g)(x) = f (x) − g(x) = (2x + 3) − (3 − 5x) = √
x+4
2x + 3 − 3 + 5x = 7x g(x)
(g/f )(x) = =
(f g)(x) = f (x) · g(x) = (2x + 3)(3 − 5x) = f (x) x− 3
6x − 10x2 + 9 − 15x = −10x2 − 9x + 9 √
20. f (x) = x + 2, g(x) = x − 1

(f f )(x) = f (x) · f (x) = (2x + 3)(2x + 3) =

a) The domain of f is (−∞, ∞). The domain of g
4x2 + 12x + 9
consists of all the values of x for which x − 1 is

(f /g)(x) =
f (x)
=
2x+ 3 nonnegative, or [1, ∞). Then the domain of

g(x) 3 − 5x f + g, f − g, and f g is [1, ∞). The domain of f f

is (−∞, ∞). Since g(1) = 0, the domain of f /g
g(x) 3−5x
(g/f )(x) = = is (1, ). Since f ( 2) = 0 and 2 is not in the
f (x) 2x + 3 ∞ − −
domain of g, the domain of g/f is [1, ∞).
18. f (x) = −x + 1, g(x) = 4x − 2 √
b) (f + g)(x) = x + 2 + x←− 1
a) The domain of f , g, f + g, f − g, fg, and f f is
√
1 (f − g)(x) = x + 2 − x+1

(−∞, ∞). Since g = 0, the domain of f /g is √

2 (f g)(x) = (x + 2) x − 1
1 1
− ∞, ∪ , ∞ . Since f (1) = 0, the domain of (f f )(x) = (x + 2)(x + 2) = x2 + 4x + 4
2 2

g/f is (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞). b) (f + g)(x) = (−x + 1) + (4x − 2) = 3x − 1 (f −

g)(x) = (−x + 1) − (4x − 2) =
−x + 1 − 4x + 2 = −5x + 3
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c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
(f g)(x) = (−x + 1)(4x − 2) = −4x2 + 6x − 2 x+ 2
(f /g)(x) = √
(f f )(x) = (−x + 1)(−x + 1) = x − 2x + 1
2 x− 1
√←
−x+ 1 n x− 1
(f /g)(x) = (g/f )(x) =
4x − 2 x+2
4x− 2
21. f (x) = 2x − 1, g(x) = −2x2
a) The domain of f and of g is (−∞, ∞). Then the
domain of f + g, f − g, fg, and f f is (−∞, ∞).
For f /g, we must exclude 0 since g(0) = 0. The
domain of f /g is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). For g/f , we
(g/f )(x) = 1 1
−x + 1 must exclude
2
since f
2
= 0. The domain of

1 1
g/f is , , .
−∞ ∪ ∞
2 2

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c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
84 Chapter 2: More on Functions
√ √
b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = (2x − 1) + (−2x2 ) = 24. f (x) = x, g(x) = 2 − x
−2x2 + 2x − 1 a) The domain of f is [0, ∞). The domain of g is
(f − g)(x) = f (x) − g(x) = (2x − 1) − (−2x2 ) = (−∞, 2]. Then the domain of f + g, f − g, and
2x2 + 2x − 1 f g is [0, 2]. The domain of f f is the same as the
(f g)(x) = f (x) · g(x) = (2x − 1)(−2x2 ) = domain of f , [0, ∞). Since g(2) = 0, the domain of
−4x3 + 2x2
f /g is [0, 2). Since f (0) = 0, the domain of g/f is
(f f )(x) = f (x) · f (x) = (2x − 1)(2x − 1) =
(0, 2].
4x2 − 4x + 1
b)
f (x) 2x− 1 √ √
(f /g)(x) = = (f + g)(x) = x + 2 − x
√ √
(f − g)(x) = x − 2 − x
g(x) −2x2 √← √ ← √←
2 (f g)(x) = x · 2 − x = 2 x − x2

g(x) −2x √ √ √
(g/f )(x) = = ( )( ) = 2

f (x) 2x − 1 ff x x· x= x = |x|
√
x
22. f (x) = x2 − 1, g(x) = 2x + 5 (f /g)(x) = √←
2 −x
a) The domain of f and of g is the set of all real num- √
2− x
bers, or (−∞, ∞). Then the domain of f + g, f − g, (g/f )(x) = √
x

5
f g and f f is (−∞, ∞). Since g − = 0, the
2 25. f (x) = x + 1, g(x) = x
| |
5 5
a) The domain of f and of g is (−∞, ∞). Then the
domain of f /g is − ∞, −
∪ − , ∞ . Since
2 2 domain of f + g, f g, fg, and f f is ( , ).
f (1) = 0 and f (−1) = 0, the domain of g/f is − −∞ ∞
(−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, 1) ∪ (1, ∞). For f /g, we must exclude 0 since g(0) = 0. The
domain of f /g is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). For g/f , we
b) (f + g)(x) = x2 − 1 + 2x + 5 = x2 + 2x + 4 must exclude −1 since f (−1) = 0. The domain of
(f − g)(x) = x2 − 1 − (2x + 5) = x2 − 2x − 6 g/f is (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, ∞).
(f g)(x) = (x2 −1)(2x+5) = 2x3 +5x2 −2x−5 b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = x + 1 + |x|
(f f )(x) = (x − 1) = x − 2x + 1
2 2 4 2 (f − g)(x) = f (x) − g(x) = x + 1 − |x|
2 (f g)(x) = f (x) · g(x) = (x + 1)|x|
x−1
(f /g)(x) = ( )( ) = ( ) ( ) = ( +1)( +1) = +2 +1

2x + 5 ff x f x ·f x x x x2 x

2x+ 5 x+ 1
(g/f )(x) = (f /g)(x) =
x2 − 1 |x|

√ √ |x|
23. f (x) = x − 3, g(x) = x + 3 (g/f )(x) =
x+1
a) Since f (x) is nonnegative for values of x in [3, ∞),
26. f (x) = 4 x , g(x) = 1 x
| | −
this is the domain of f . Since g(x) is nonnegative
for values of x in [−3, ∞), this is the domain of g. a) The domain of f and of g is (−∞, ∞). Then the
The domain of f +g, f −g, and f g is the intersection domain of f +g, f −g, fg, and f f is (−∞, ∞). Since
of the domains of f and g, or [3, ∞). The domain g(1) = 0, the domain of f /g is (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞).
of f f is the same as the domain of f , or [3, ∞). For Since f (0) = 0, the domain of g/f is
f /g, we must exclude −3 since g(−3) = 0. This is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞).
not in [3, ∞), so the domain of f /g is [3, ∞). For b) (f + g)(x) = 4|x| + 1 − x
g/f , we must exclude 3 since f (3) = 0. The domain (f − g)(x) = 4|x| − (1 − x) = 4|x| − 1 + x
of g/f is (3, ∞).
(f g)(x) = 4 x (1 x) = 4 x 4x x
√ √ | | − | |− | |
b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = x−3+ x+3
√ √ (f f )(x) = 4|x| · 4|x| = 16x2
(f − g)(x) = f (x) − g(x) = x − 3 − x + 3 4|x|
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c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
−
84 Chapter 2: More on Functions

√ √ √ (f /g)(x) =
(f g)(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x−3 · x + 3= x2 −9 1 x
√ √
(f f )(x) = f (x) · f (x) = x − 3 · x − 3 = |x − 3| 1− x
√ (g/f )(x) =
x− 3 4|x|

(f /g)(x) = √
x+3 27. f (x) = x3 , g(x) = 2x2 + 5x − 3
√
x+ 3 a) Since any number can be an input for either f or g,
(g/f )(x) = √
x−3 the domain of f , g, f + g, f − g, fg, and f f is the set
of all real numbers, or (−∞, ∞).
1
Since g(−3) = 0 and g = 0, the domain of f /g
2
1 1
is (−∞, −3) ∪ − 3,
∪ ,∞ .
2 2

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Exercise Set 2.2 85
Since f (0) = 0, the domain of g/f is 4
(−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). x + 1= 4 6− x 4(6−x)
(f /g)(x) =
· =
1 x+1 1 x+1
b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = x3 + 2x2 + 5x − 3
6−x
(f − g)(x) = f (x)−g(x) = x3 −(2x2 +5x−3) = 1
x3 − 2x2 − 5x + 3 6− x 1 x+ 1 x+ 1
(g/f )(x) = 4 = · 4 =
(f g)(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x3 (2x2 + 5x − 3) = 6− x 4(6 − x)
x+1
2x5 + 5x4 − 3x3

2
(f f )(x) = f (x) · f (x) = x3 · x3 = x6 30. f (x) = 2x2 , g(x) =
x− 5
f (x) x 3
(f /g)(x) = = a) The domain of f is (−∞, ∞). Since x − 5 = 0 when

g(x) 2x2 + 5x − 3 x = 5, the domain of g is (−∞, 5)∪(5, ∞). Then the

2

g(x) 2x +5x− 3 domain of f + g, f − g, and f g is (−∞, 5) ∪ (5, ∞).

(g/f )(x) = =
f (x) x3 The domain of f f is (−∞, ∞). Since there are no
values of x for which g(x) = 0, the domain of f /g
28. f (x) = x2 − 4, g(x) = x3 is (−∞, 5) ∪ (5, ∞). Since f (0) = 0, the domain of

a) The domain of f and of g is (−∞, ∞). Then the g/f is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, 5) ∪ (5, ∞).

domain of f +g, f −g, fg, and f f is (−∞, ∞). Since 2 2

g(0) = 0, the domain of f /g is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). b) (f + g)(x) = 2x +
x− 5
Since f (−2) = 0 and f (2) = 0, the domain of g/f 2
2

is (−∞, −2) ∪ (−2, 2) ∪ (2, ∞). (f − g)(x) = 2x −

x−5
b) (f + g)(x) = x2 − 4 + x3 , or x3 + x2 − 4 2 4x2
(f g)(x) = 2x2 · =
(f − g)(x) = x2 − 4 − x3 , or − x3 + x2 − 4 x− 5 x− 5
2 2 4

(f g)(x) = (x2 − 4)(x3 ) = x5 − 4x3 (f f )(x) = 2x · 2x = 4x

2

(f f )(x) = (x − 4)(x − 4) = x − 8x + 16
2 2 4 2 2x x− 5
(f /g)(x) = = 2x2 · = x2 (x − 5) =x3 −5x2
2
2 2
x−4
(f /g)(x) = x−5
x3
2
3

x 2 1 1 1
(g/f )(x) = (g/f )(x) = x−5
= · = =
x2 − 4 2x2 x− 5 2x2 x2 (x− 5) x3 −5x2
4 1 1
29. f (x) = , g(x) = −
31. f (x) =
x+1 6−x
, g(x) = x 3
x
a) Since x + 1 = 0 when x = −1, we must exclude a) Since f (0) is not defined, the domain of f is
−1 from the domain of f . It is (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, ∞). (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). The domain of g is (−∞, ∞).
Since 6 − x = 0 when x = 6, we must exclude 6 from Then the domain of f + g, f − g, fg, and f f is
the domain of g. It is (−∞, 6) ∪ (6, ∞). The domain (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). Since g(3) = 0, the domain of
of f + g, f − g, and fg is the intersection of the f /g is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, 3) ∪ (3, ∞). There are no values
domains of f and g, or (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, 6) ∪ (6, ∞). of x for which f (x) = 0, so the domain of g/f is
The domain of f f is the same as the domain of f , (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞).
or (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, ∞). Since there are no values 1
of x for which g(x) = 0 or f (x) = 0, the domain of b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = +x− 3
x
f /g and g/f is (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, 6) ∪ (6, ∞).
1 1

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c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 2.2 85

4 1 (f −g)(x) = f (x)−g(x) = −(x−3) = −x + 3

b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = + x x
x+1 6 −x
1 x−3 3
4 1 (f g)(x) = f (x)·g(x) = ·(x−3) = , or 1 −
(f − g)(x) = f (x) − g(x) = − x x x
x+1 6 −x
1 1 1
4 1 4 (f f )(x) = f (x) · f (x) = · =
(f g)(x) = f (x)·g(x) = · = x x x2
x+1 6 −x (x+1)(6−x)
1
4 4 16 f (x) x 1 1 1
(f f )(x) = f (x)·f (x) = · = , or (f /g)(x) = = = · =
x+1 x+1 (x + 1)2 g(x) x−3 x x− 3 x(x − 3)
16
g(x) x−3 x
x2 + 2x + 1 (g/f )(x) = = = (x−3) · = x(x−3), or
f (x) 1 1
x
x2 − 3x

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
86 Chapter 2: More on Functions
√ 1 2 5
32. f (x) = x + 6, g(x) = 34. f (x) = , g(x) =
x 4−x x− 1

a) The domain of f (x) is [−6, ∞). The domain of g(x)
is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). Then the domain of f + g,
f − g, and f g is [−6, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). The domain of f f
is [−6, ∞). Since there are no values of x for which
g(x) = 0, the domain of f /g is [−6, 0)∪(0, ∞). Since
a) The domain of f is (−∞, 4) ∪ (4, ∞). The domain
of g is (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞). The domain of f + g, f − g,
and f g is (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, 4) ∪ (4, ∞). The domain of
f f is (−∞, 4) ∪ (4, ∞). The domain of f /g and of
g/f is (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, 4) ∪ (4, ∞).

f (−6) = 0, the dAomain of g/f is (−6, 0) ∪ (0, ∞).

√ 1 2 5
b) (f + g)(x) = +
b) (f + g)(x) = x + 6 +
x 4− x x− 1
2 5
1
√ (f − g)(x) = −
(f − g)(x) = x + 6 − 4 − x x− 1
x
√ 2
·
5
=
10
1 x+6 (f g)(x) =
√
(f g)(x) = x+ 6 · = 4− x x− 1 (4 − x)(x − 1)
x x 2 2 4
√ √ (f f )(x) = · =
(f f )(x) = x + 6 · x + 6 = |x + 6| 4− x 4−x (4 − x)2

√
x+ 6 √ x √ 2
(f /g)(x) = = x+6 · = x x+6 2(x−1)
1 1 (f /g)(x) = 4− x =

x
5 5(4 − x)
1 x− 1
1 1 1 5
(g/f )(x) = √ x
= √ = √
·
5(4−x)
(g/f )(x) = x− 1 =
x+6 x x+6 x x+6

√
2 2(x − 1)
3
33. f (x) = , g(x) = x − 1 4−x
x− 2

a) Since f (2) is not defined, the domain of f is
(−∞, 2) ∪ (2, ∞). Since g(x) is nonnegative for val-
ues of x in [1, ∞), this is the domain of g. The
domain of f + g, f − g, and fg is the intersection
of the domains of f and g, or [1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞). The
domain of f f is the same as the domain of f , or
(−∞, 2) ∪ (2, ∞). For f /g, we must exclude 1 since
g(1) = 0, so the domain of f/g is (1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞).
There are no values of x for which f (x) = 0, so the
domain of g/f is [1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞).
35. From the graph we see that the domain of F is [2, 11] and
the domain of G is [1, 9]. The domain of F + G is the set
of numbers in the domains of both F and G. This is [2, 9].
36. The domain of F − G and F G is the set of numbers in the
domains of both F and G. (See Exercise 33.) This is [2, 9].
The domain of F /G is the set of numbers in the domains
of both F and G, excluding those for which G = 0. Since
G > 0 for all values of x in its domain, the domain of F/G
is [2, 9].

3 √ 37. The domain of G/F is the set of numbers in the domains of

b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = + x 1− both F and G (See Exercise 33.), excluding those for which
x− 2
3 √ F = 0. Since F (3) = 0, the domain of G/F is [2, 3) ∪ (3, 9].
(f − g)(x) = f (x) − g(x) = − x− 1
x 2
−
√ 38.
3 √ 3 x− 1
(f g)(x) = f (x) · g(x) = ( x − 1), or
x− 2 x− 2

3 3 9
(f f )(x) = f (x) · f (x) = · ·
x − 2 x − 2 (x − 2)2
3

= x−2
f (x) 3 A
(f /g)(x) = =
f (x) √
g(x) x− 1
Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
 y

4
86 F G Chapter 2: More on Functions
2
√ (x − 2 4 6 8 10 x
√
3 2) x − 2

x− 2 1
39.
√ y
6

4 G F
3
2

2 4 6 8 10 x
2

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 2.2 87

40. y
b) R(100) =60·100−0.4(100)2 =6000−0.4(10, 000) =
6 6000 − 4000 = 2000
F G
4 C(100) = 3 · 100 + 13 = 300 + 13 = 313
2 P (100) = R(100) − C(100) = 2000 − 313 = 1687
2 4 6 8 10 x 48. a) P (x) = 200x − x2 − (5000 + 8x) =
2 200x − x2 − 5000 − 8x = −x2 + 192x − 5000
4
b) R(175) = 200(175) − 1752 = 4375

C(175) = 5000 + 8 · 175 = 6400

41. From the graph, we see that the domain of F is [0, 9] and
P (175) = R(175) − C(175) = 4375 − 6400 = −2025
the domain of G is [3, 10]. The domain of F + G is the set
of numbers in the domains of both F and G. This is [3, 9]. (We could also use the function found in part (a) to
find P (175).)
42. The domain of F − G and F G is the set of numbers in the
domains of both F and G. (See Exercise 39.) This is [3, 9]. 49. f (x) = 3x − 5
The domain of F /G is the set of numbers in the domains f (x + h) = 3(x + h) − 5 = 3x + 3h − 5

of both F and G, excluding those for which G = 0. Since f (x+h)−f (x) 3x+3h−5−(3x−5)
G > 0 for all values of x in its domain, the domain of F/G =
h h
is [3, 9].
3x+3h−5−3x+ 5
=
43. The domain of G/F is the set of numbers in the domains h
of both F and G (See Exercise 39.), excluding those for 3h
= =3
which F = 0. Since F (6) = 0 and F (8) = 0, the domain h

of G/F is [3, 6) ∪ (6, 8) ∪ (8, 9].

50. f (x) = 4x − 1
44. (F + G)(x) = F (x) + G(x) f (x+h)−f (x) 4(x+h)−1− (4x−1)
= =
y h h
4x+4h−1−4x+ 1 4h
10 = =4
h h
8
6 F G
51. f (x) = 6x + 2
4 f (x + h) = 6(x + h) + 2 = 6x + 6h + 2
2 f (x+h)−f (x) 6x+6h+ 2−(6x+2)
=
h h
2 4 6 8 10 x

6x+6h+ 2−6x− 2
=
h
6h
45. = =6
y h
6 52. f (x) = 5x + 3
G F
4

2 f (x+h)−f (x) 5(x+h) + 3−(5x+3)

= =
2 4 6 8 10 h h
x
2
5x+5h+ 3−5x− 3 5h
= =5
h h

1
53. f (x) = x+1
46. 3
y 1 1 1
4
f (x + h) = (x + h) + 1 = x + h + 1
3 3 3
F G
2

2 4 6 8 10 x
1 1 1
2 Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
4
Exercise Set 2.2 87

x+ h+1− x+1
f (x+h)−f (x) 3 3 3
=
h h

1 1 1
x+ h +1 − x− 1
= 3 3 3
h
1
47. a) P (x) = R(x) − C(x) = 60x − 0.4x2 − (3x + 13) = h 1
3
= =
60x − 0.4x2 − 3x − 13 = −0.4x2 + 57x − 13 h 3

Copyright ÷
c 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 he often lays his hand lightly on
those who use him well.

Barnaby Rudge.

Second-hand cares, like second-hand clothes,

come easily off and on.

A Tale of Two Cities.

It’s much easier to talk

than to bear.

Madam Mantalini.
 Twenty-fourth Day.

here’s the good of putting

things off?
Strike while the iron’s hot.

Barnaby Rudge.

Money ... some people find their gratification

in storing it up,
and others in parting with it.

Martin Chuzzlewit.

Only the wisdom that holds the clue to

all hearts and all mysteries
can surely know to what extent a man can
impose upon himself.

Little Dorrit.

Every man came into this world for something.

Gabriel Varden.
 Twenty-fifth Day.

Perfect coolness and self-possession

... are indispensable
accomplishments of a great mind.

Pickwick Papers.

The hill has not lifted its face to Heaven yet,

that perseverance will not
gain the summit of at last.

Nicholas Nickleby.

If you can’t get to be uncommon

through going straight, you’ll never get to do it
through being crooked.
Great Expectations.
 Twenty-sixth Day.

heerful of spirit and guiltless

of affectation true practical
Christianity ever is.

The Uncommercial Traveller.

Live at least, in peace, and trust in God

to help.

Nicholas Nickleby.

Reflect upon your present blessings—

of which every man has many—not on your
past misfortunes,
of which all men have some.

Sketches by Boz.

All other swindlers upon earth are nothing

to the self-swindlers.

Great Expectations.
 Twenty-seventh Day.

here’s a moral in everything, if

we would
only avail ourselves of it.

Dombey and Son.

It is the highest part of the highest creed

to forgive before
memory sleeps, and ever to remember how the
good overcame the evil.

Haunted Man.

There is nothing, no, nothing innocent or

good that dies and is forgotten.

Old Curiosity Shop.

It does not follow that the more talkative a

person becomes
the more agreeable he is.

Dickens.
 Twenty-eighth Day.

Blustering assertion goes for proof half

over the world.

Little Dorrit.

From rough outsides serene and gentle influences

often proceed.

Dickens.

A generous nature is not prone to strong

aversions, and is slow
to admit them even dispassionately.

Little Dorrit.
 Twenty-ninth Day.

ork: don’t make fine playing

speeches about
bread, but earn it.

Ralph Nickleby.

If I do my duty, I do what I ought, and

do no more than all the rest.

Dombey and Son.

Do not strive and struggle to enrich

yourselves or to get the better of each other.

Martin Chuzzlewit.

People accustomed from infancy to lie on

down feathers,
have no idea how hard a paving-stone
is without trying it.

Hard Times.
 Thirtieth Day.

Memory, however sad, is the

best and purest
link between this world and a better.

Nicholas Nickleby.

It’s enough for a man to understand his

own business,
and not to interfere with other people’s.

Christmas Carol.

It’s a world full of hearts, and a serious world

with all its folly.

Battle of Life.
 Thirty-first Day.

ur judgments are so liable to be

influenced by many
considerations, which almost
without our knowing it, are unfair,
that it is necessary to keep a guard upon them.

Little Dorrit.

There are chords in the human heart—

strange varying strings—
which are only struck by accident.

Old Curiosity Shop.

It is well for a man to respect his own vocation,

whatever it is;
and to think himself bound to uphold it, and
to claim for it the respect it deserves.

Little Dorrit.
 Transcriber’s note
Minor punctuation errors have been changed
without notice. The following printer errors have
been changed.
CHANGED FROM TO
“always some thing “always something
Page 12:
to be” to be”
Page 19: “Go in an win” “Go in and win”
“An Uncommercial “The Uncommercial
Page 26:
Traveller.” Traveller.”
Page 31: “what ever it is” “whatever it is”
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