PRRC 2024

AM#015

Maratha rule

#1. Who were Marathas and how they consolidated power?

1) About Marathas: [1] Marathi-speaking warrior group in
deccan region [2] held administrative posts in deccan
sultanate.
2) Rise to power: [1] Geographical factors [2] impact of Bhakti
movement.

#2. Who was Shivaji?

[1] born at Shivner, 1627 [2] Father- Shahji Bhosale+ Mother- Jija Bai
[3] spiritual Guru was Samarth Ramdas (wrote Dasbodh) [4] inherited
Jagir of Poona [5] defeated by Aurangzeb’s commander Jai singh
treaty of Purandar  promised loyalty to Mughals+ ceded some forts
to Mughals [6] Later Shivaji recaptured all his lost territories title of
Chatrapati died in 1680.

#3. What were the features of Shivaji administration?

1) Asthapradhan council of ministers to advice Shivaji [1]
Peshwa Finance & General administrator+ link pin [2]
Amatya/ Majumdar Accountant General [3] Sar-e-Naubat
or Senapati Military commander [4] Waqnavis- Intelligence
& Household affairs [5] Sachiv/ Shuru Navis letters and
dispatches [6] Sumanta/ Dabir foreign affairs [7]
Nyayadhish Chief Justice [8] Pandit Rao Charities &
Religious administrator.
2) Military administration: [1] Shiva sutra or Ganimi Kava
(Guerrilla Tactics) [2] No office was hereditary [3] focus on
strong Navy and Forts [4] civil officer > military officers [5]
two categories of soldiers, Bajgir under King, Silahdar
under nobels
3) Administrative division: [1] Kingdom 4 Provinces (Prant)
headed by MamlatdarDistrict village headed by
Patil/deshpandey.
4) Revenue system: [1] abolished Jagirdari  adopted ryotwari
[2] hereditary revenue collectors like Deshmukhs, Deshpande,
Patils and Kulkarnis replaced by state officials called
karkuns[3] pay land revenue in cash or kind [4] Kathi system
of Malik Amber for land measurement [5] mirsdar
hereditary land owner.
5) Coinage: [1] Shivrai copper coin [2] Shivrai Hon gold coins
[3] Dudandi Shivrais minted during peshwa rule.
6) Language: Persian Marathi+ Sanskrit was also promoted.

Forum Learning Centre: Delhi - 2nd Floor, IAPL House, 19 Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 | Patna - 2nd floor, AG Palace, E Boring Canal
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 PRRC 2024
AM#015

#4. What was Chauth and sardeshmukhi?

1) Chauth: 1/4th of total revenue collected from non-Maratha
Kingdoms in return of protection+ non-aggression.
2) Sardeshmukhi: additional levy of 10% demanded from areas
outside of the kingdom.

#5. Who were Peshwas and how they influenced Maratha rule?
1) Death of Shivaji Sambhaji maharaj became Chatrapati
killed by Aurangzeb & son Sahuji was imprisoned by
Aurangzeb. resurgence of Marathas under Peshwas.
2) Balaji Vishwanath(1713-1720 AD): made Peshwas post
hereditary+ gained rights from Mughal emperor Farukh Siyar.
3) Balaji Rao I(1720-1740 AD):[1] son of Balaji Vishwanath [2] The
Maratha power reached its zenith under him [3] started the
Confederacy systemmaratha chiefs with independent
territories  Gaekwad at Baroda + Bhonsle at Nagpur +
Holkars at Indore + Scindias at Gwalior + Peshwas at Poona.
4) Balaji Baji Rao(1740-1761 AD): [1] son of Baji rao I [2] pact with
Mughal king Ahmed shah Marathas will protect Mughals+
Marathas can collect Chauth from northwest provinces+ total
revenue from Agra and Ajmer.

#6. What was the 3rd Battle of Panipat 1761?

1) Marathas Vs. combined forces of Ahmad Shah Abdali (Ahmad
Shah Durrani) + Afghan Rohillas + Shuja-ud-Daula, the Nawab
of Oudh.
2) Background: [1] decline of the Mughal Empire rise of
Maratha [2] 1737, Baji Rao defeated the Mughals in Delhi
South Delhi under Maratha rule  Marathas into direct
confrontation with the Durrani empire.
3) Event of the battle: [1] Abdali coalition  East of Yamuna;
Marathas  West [2] Maratha march towards Panipat to fight
Abdali Abdali crossed Yamuna and cut supply  seize by
Abdali hunger deaths in Maratha camp Marathas were
forced to attack Abdali in which they were defeated.
4) Outcome: [1] power vacuum in India British got chance to
expand [2] dream of Pan India Kingdom was shattered
irrevocably [3] Abdali returned reinstated Mughal Shah
Alam II as the Emperor at Delhi [4] Sikhs and Jats established
kingdoms [5] Marathas regained some power under
Madhavrao.

Forum Learning Centre: Delhi - 2nd Floor, IAPL House, 19 Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 | Patna - 2nd floor, AG Palace, E Boring Canal
Road, Patna, Bihar 800001 | Hyderabad - 1st & 2nd Floor, SM Plaza, RTC X Rd, Indira Park Road, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500020
9311740400, 9311740900 | https://academy.forumias.com | admissions@forumias.academy | helpdesk@forumias.academy
 PRRC 2024
AM#015

#7. What were the reasons for decline of Maratha rule?

[1] Internal conflict between confederacy [2] 3rd battle of Panipat [3]
Treaty of Bassain signed by Baji Rao II  subsidiary alliance with
English [4] Anglo Maratha Wars [5] Oppressive taxation regime [6]
Overdependence on Guerrilla warfare.

Forum Learning Centre: Delhi - 2nd Floor, IAPL House, 19 Pusa Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi - 110005 | Patna - 2nd floor, AG Palace, E Boring Canal
Road, Patna, Bihar 800001 | Hyderabad - 1st & 2nd Floor, SM Plaza, RTC X Rd, Indira Park Road, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500020
9311740400, 9311740900 | https://academy.forumias.com | admissions@forumias.academy | helpdesk@forumias.academy