Solution Manual for College Algebra

2nd by Miller
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Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

Solution Manual for College Algebra 2nd by Miller

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Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities

Section 1.1 Linear Equations and
Rational Equations
e. Linear; 12 = 4+ x
1. linear 12 − 4 = 4+ x − 4
2. first
3. solution 8= x
4. conditional {8}
5. identity 11. −6x − 4 = 20
6. contradiction −6x = 24
7. rational
8. empty (or null); { } orφ x = −4
{−4}
9. a. Linear; −2x = 8
12. −8y + 6 = 22
−2x 8
= −8y = 16
−2 −2
x = −4 y = −2
{−4} {−2}
b. Nonlinear 13. 4= 7− 3( 4t+1)
1 4= 7−12t− 3
c. Linear; − x= 8
2 4= 4−12t
1 
−2 − x= −2(8) 0= −12t
 2 
0= t
x = −16 {0}
{− 16}
14. 11= 7− 2( 5p − 2)
d. Nonlinear

e. Linear; x−2= 8
11= 7− 10p + 4
x − 2+ 2 = 8+ 2 11= 11− 10p
x = 10 0 = −10p
{10} 0= p

10. a. Linear; 12 = 4x {0}

12 4x
=

80
80
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

4 4
{3} 3= x

b. Nonlinear
1
c. Linear; 12 = x
4
 1 
4 (12) = 4 x 
 4 
48 = x
{48}
d. Nonlinear

81
81
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

15. −6(v − 2) + 3= 9− (v + 4) 22

 
−6v +12+ 3= 9−v − 4  3 
−6v +15= 5−v
−5v = −10 22. 4( y − 3) = 3 y + 2( y − 2)

v=2 4y −12 = 3( y + 2y − 4)
{2} 4y −12 = 3( 3y − 4)

16. −5(u− 4) + 2 = 11− (u− 3) 4y −12 = 9y −12

−5u+ 20+ 2 = 11−u+ 3 −5y = 0
−5u+ 22 = 14−u y=0
−4u = −8 {0}
u= 2 1 3
{2} 23. x− = 2
4 2
2.3 = 4.5x + 30.2 1 3
4  x −  = 4( 2)
17.
−27.9 = 4.5x 4 2 
−6.2 = x x−6= 8
{− 6.2} x = 14
18. 9.4 = 3.5p− 0.4 {14}
9.8= 3.5p 1 5
24. x− =1
6 3
2.8= p 1 5
{2.8} 6  x −  = 6(1)
6 3 
19. 0.05y + 0.02 ( 6000 − y ) = 270 x − 10 = 6
0.05y + 120 − 0.02y = 270 x = 16
0.03y + 120 = 270 {16}
0.03y = 150 1 3 2
25. w − = w +2
y = 5000 2 4 3
1 3 2 
{5000} 12  w −  = 12 w + 2
2 4 3 
20. 0.06x + 0.04(10,000− x) =
6w − 9 = 8w + 24
520
0.06x + 400− 0.04x =
520
−2w = 33
0.02x = 120
33
x = 6000 w =−
2
{6000}  33
−
21. 2( 5x − 6) = 4 x − 3( x − 10) 
2

 

82
82
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

10x − 12 = 4( x − 3x + 30)
10x − 12 = 4( −2x + 30)
10x − 12 = −8x + 120
18x = 132
132
x= =
22
18 3

83
83
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

2 3 7  n+ 3 n− 2   n+ 1 
26. p− p −1 20 −  = 20 −1
=

5 10 15   4 5   10 


30
2
p−
3
= 30
p −1
 7 5( n+ 3) − 4 ( n− 2) = 2( n +1) − 20
5   
 10   15  5n+15− 4n+ 8 = 2n+ 2− 20
12p − 9 = 14p − 30
n+ 23= 2n−18
−2p = −21
−n = −41
21
p= n = 41
2
{41}
 21
  30.
t− 2 t+ 7 t− 4
− = +2
 2  3 5 10

27. y −1 y y+3  t− 2 t+ 7  t− 4 
+ = 30 − = 30 +2
+1
5 4 2  3 5   10 
   
 y −1 y  y+
 3 10 (t− 2) − 6(t+ 7) = 3(t− 4) + 60
20 20 1
 5 4  2  10t− 20 − 6t− 42 = 3t− 12 + 60
4( y −1) + 5y = 10( y + 3) + 20
4t− 62 = 3t+ 48
4y − 4+ 5y = 10y + 30+ 20
t= 110
9y − 4 = 10y + 50
{110}
−y = 54 31. a. T = −1.83a+ 212
y = −54 T = −1.83( 4) + 212
{−54} = 204.68°F
x − 6 x x +1 ≈ 205°F
28. + = +2
3 7 3 b. T = −1.83a+ 212
 x−6 x  x + 1 
193= −1.83a+ 212
21 + = 21 +2

 3 7   3 
   91
7( x − 6) + 3x = 7( x +1) + 42 x=
3
7x − 42+ 3x = 7x + 7+ 42
10x − 42 = 7x + 49
3x = 91

84
84
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

−19 = −1.83a 10.4×103 = 10,400

1 Approximately10, 400 ft
0 32. a. C = 167.95x + 94
. C = 167.95( 9) + 94
4
= $1605.55
≈
a
 91 b. C = 167.95x + 94
 
 3  2445.30 = 167.95x + 94
n+ 3 n− 2 n+ 2351.30 = 167.95x
29. − =
1 14 = x
−1
4 5 10 14 credit-hours
33. S = 14.2t+149
362 = 14.2t+149
213= 14.2t
15 = t
2004 + 15 = 2019
In 2019

85
85
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

34. S = 18t+ 232 41. − ( 6− 2w ) = 4(w + 1) − 2w −10

628 = 18t+ −6+ 2w = 4w + 4− 2w − 10

232
−6+ 2w = 2w − 6
396 = 18t

22 = t 0= 0
2000+ 22= 2022 Identity;
42. −5+ 3x = 3( x −1) − 2
In 2022

35. a. C = 7x

b. C = 105 −5+ 3x = 3x − 3− 2

7x = 105 −5+ 3x = 3x − 5
x = 15 0= 0
The motorist will save money Identity;
beginning on the 16th working day. 1 1
43. x + 3= x+1
36. a. C = 2.25x 2 4
b. C = 89 1  1 
4 x + 3 = 4 x + 1
2.25x = 89 2  4 
x ≈ 39.6 2x + 12 = x + 4
The commuter will save money on x = −8
the 40th ride. Conditional equation; {−8}
37. a. S1 = 45,000+ 2250x
2 1
b. S2 = 48,000+ 2000x 44. y − 5= y − 4
3 6
c. S =S 2  1 
1 2
6 y − 5 = 6 y − 4
45,000 + 2250x = 48,000 + 3  6 
2000x

250x = 3000 4y − 30 = y − 24
x = 12 yr 3y = 6
38. a. S1 = 25,000+ 0.16x y=2
b. S2 = 30,000 + 0.15x Conditional equation; {2}

c. S =S 3 2 5
1 2 45. + =
25,000 + 0.16x = 30,000 + 0.15x x−5 x+ 4 7

0.01x = 5000 x≠5,x≠ −4

x = $500,000 2 5 2
46. − =

86
86
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

x+1 x− 7 3
39. 2x − 3= 4( x −1) −1−
2x
x≠ −1,x≠7
2x − 3= 4x − 4−1− 5 3 1
2x 47. − =
2x − 3 5x 3− x
2x − 3= 2x − 5 5 3 1
− =
−3= −5

Contradiction  3 3− x
5x x −
2

 2
40. 4
8−( 3− 5n) + 1= −4n −
16n
12− 20n + 1= −4n −  
8− 16n 3
x≠ ,x ≠ 0,x ≠ 3
2
−20n + 13= −20n − 8
13= −8
Contradiction

87
87
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

48. 1 − 3 = 2 x+2 x−7

52. + 1=
2x 6− x 4x − 5 6x x
1 3 2  x+ 2   x − 7
− =
 6x  + 1 = 6x 
x 
2x 6− x 5
 x −
4 6x
 4 
   

x + 2 + 6x = 6( x − 7)
5
x ≠ 0,x ≠ 6,x ≠ 7x + 2 = 6x − 42
4
x = −44
1 7 5
49. − = {−44}
2 2y y
1 7   5 53.
 c 3 3
2y  −  = 2y  y  = −
 2 2y   
y − 7 = 10 c− 3 c− 3 4

 c   3 3
y = 17 4( c− 3)   = 4( c− 3)  − 
 c− 3   c− 3 4 
{17} 4c = 12 − 3( c− 3)
1 4 7 4c = 12− 3c+ 9
50. − =
3 3t t 7c = 21
1 4  7 
3t −  = 3t  c= 3
 3 3t  t 
t− 4 = 21 {} ; The value 3 does not
t= 25 check.
7 7 d
{25} 54. − =
d−7 8 d−7
w +3 w −5  7 7  d 
+ 1= 8(d − 7)  −  = 8( d − 7)  
51.
4w w  d − 7 8  d − 7 

w + 3 w −5 
4w 1 4w   56− 7(d − 7) = 8d

 4w   w 
w + 3+ 4w = 4(w − 5) 56− 7d + 49 = 8d

5w + 3= 4w − 20 −15d = −105

w = −23 d=7
{−23} { } ; The value 7 does not check.

88
88
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

1 3
55. = 2
t−1 t −1
1 3
=
t−1 (t+ 1)(t− 1)

  
 1  3
(t+ 1)(t− 1)   = (t+ 1)(t− 1)  
t−1 (t+ 1)(t− 1)
 
t+ 1= 3
t= 2
{2}

89
89
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

1 5
56. =
w +2 w2−4
1 5
=
w + 2 (w + 2)(w − 2)

 1   5 
(w + 2)(w − 2)   = (w + 2)(w − 2)  
w +2 (w + 2)(w − 2)
 
w −2= 5
w =7
{7}
2 1 11
57. − =

x− 5 x+ 5 x2 − 25

2 1 11
− =
x − 5 x + 5 ( x + 5)( x − 5)

 2 1   11 
x+ 5 x−5 − = x + 5 x−5

( )( )  x + 5  ( )( ) 
x−5
( x + 5)( x − 5)
 
2( x + 5) −1( x − 5) = 11
2x +10− x + 5 = 11
x +15 = 11
{−4} x = −4

2 1 10
58. − = 2
c+ 3 c− 3 c − 9

2 1 10
− =
c+ 3 c− 3 (c+ 3)( c− 3)

 1   10 
c+ 3 2 − = c+ 3 c− 3
c− 3

90
90
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

( )( )  c− 3  ( )( )  c+ 3 c− 3 
c+ 3
( )( )
 
2(c− 3) −1(c+ 3) = 10
2c− 6− c− 3= 10
c− 9 = 10
{19} c = 19

91
91
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

−14 1 4
59. − =
x − x −12 x − 4 x + 3
2

−14 1 2
− =
( x − 4)( x + 3) ( x − 4) ( x + 3)
 −14 1   2 
x− 4 x+3 − = x − 4 x+3

( )( )  ( )( ) 
( x − 4)( x + 3) ( x − 4)  ( x + 3)

−14− ( x + 3) = 2( x − 4)
−14− x − 3= 2x − 8
−17− x = 2x − 8
−3= x
{ } ; The value −3 does not check.
2 2 1
60. − =

x2 + 5x+ 6 x+ 2 x+ 3

2 2 1
= −
( x + 2)( x + 3) ( x + 2) ( x + 3)
 2 2   1 
x+ 2 x+3 − = x + 2 x+3

( )( )  ( )( ) 
( x + 2)( x + 3) ( x + 2)  ( x + 3)

2− 2( x + 3) = ( x + 2)
2− 2x − 6 = x + 2
−4− 2x = x + 2
−2 = x
{ } ; The value −2 does not check.
5 2 4
61. − =

x2 − x− 2 x2 − 4 x2 + 3x+ 2

5 2 4
− =
( x − 2)( x +1) ( x − 2)( x + 2) ( x + 2)( x +1)
 5 2   4 
x + 2 x − 2 x +1 − = x + 2 x − 2 x +1

92
92
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

( )( )( )  ( )( )( ) 
( x − 2)( x +1) ( x − 2)( x + 2)  ( x + 2)( x +1)

5( x + 2) − 2( x +1) = 4( x − 2)
5x +10− 2x − 2 = 4x − 8
3x + 8 = 4x − 8
16 = x
{16}

93
93
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

4 1 2
62. − =

x2 − 2x− 8 x2 −16 x2 + 6x+ 8

4 1 2
− =
( x − 4)( x + 2) ( x − 4)( x + 4) ( x + 4)( x + 2)
 4 1   2 
x+ 4 x− 4 x+ 2 − = x+ 4 x− 4 x+ 2

( )( )( )  ( )( )( ) 
( x − 4)( x + 2) ( x − 4)( x + 4)  ( x + 4)( x + 2)

4 ( x + 4) −1( x + 2) = 2( x − 4)
4x +16− x − 2 = 2x − 8
3x +14 = 2x − 8
x = −22
{−22}
5 3m 2
63. = −
m −2 m 2 + 2m −8 m + 4

5 3m 2
= −
m − 2 ( m + 4)( m − 2) m + 4

 5  3m 2 
m +4  m +4 m −2 −
m −2 =

( )( )  ( )( ) 
m −2
( m + 4)( m − 2) m +4

 
5( m + 4) = 3m − 2( m − 2)
5m + 20 = 3m − 2m + 4
5m + 20 = m + 4
4m = −16
m = −4
{ } ; The value −4 does not check.
10 15n 6
64. = −
n− 6 n2 − 2n− 24 n+ 4

94
94
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

10 = 15n 6
−

n− 6 ( n− 6)( n+ 4) n+ 4

   15n 6 
n− 6 10 = n− 6 n+ 4 −
n+ 4

( )( )  ( )( ) 
n− 6
( n− 6)( n+ 4) n+ 4
  
10( n+ 4) = 15n− 6( n− 6)
10n+ 40 = 15n− 6n+ 36
10n+ 40 = 9n+ 36
n = −4
{ } ; The value –4 does not check.

95
95
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

5x 1 3
65. − =

3x2 − 5x− 2 3x+1 2− x

5x 1 −3
− =
( 3x +1)( x − 2) 3x +1 x − 2
 5x 1   −3 
3x +1 x − 2 − = 3x +1 x−2

( )( ) 3x +1 ( )( )
( 3x +1)( x − 2)  x− 2
  

5x −1( x − 2) = −3( 3x +1)
5x − x + 2 = −9x − 3
4x + 2 = −9x − 3
13x = −5
5
x=−
13
 5 
− 

 13
3x 2 4
66. − =
2x2 + x− 3 2x+ 3 1− x

3x 2 −4
− =
( 2x + 3)( x −1) 2x + 3 x −1
 3x 2   −4 
2x + 3 x −1 − = 2x + 3 x −1

( )( ) 2x + 3 ( )( )
( 2x + 3)( x −1)  x −1
  

3x − 2( x −1) = −4 ( 2x + 3)
3x − 2x + 2 = −8x −12
x + 2 = −8x −12
9x = −14
14
x=−

96
96
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

9
 14
− 
 9 
67. A = lw forl 70. W = K −T forK

A W + T = K orK = W + T
=
lw

w w 71. Δs= s2 − s1 fors1

A Δs− s = −s
A = lorl=
2 1
w w s1 = s2 − Δs
68. E = IR forR
72. Δt= tf − ti forti
E IR
= Δt− t = −t
I I f i

E E ti = tf − Δt
= R orR =
I I
69. P = a+ b + c forc
P − a− b = c orc = P − a− b

97
97
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

73. 7x + 2y = 8 fory 1 2
78. x − y = 2 fory
2y = −7x + 8 4 3
2y −7x + 8
=
2 2 1 2 
12 x − y  = 12 (2)
−7x + 8 7 4 3 
y= ory = − x +
3x − 8y = 24
4
2 2 −8y = −3x + 24
74. 3x + 5y = 15 fory −8y −3x + 24
=
5y = −3x + 15

5y −3x + 15 −8 −8
= 3x − 24 3
5 5 y= ory x−3
=
−3x + 15 3 8 8
y= ory = − x + 3 n
5 5 79. S=
2
( a + d ) ford
75. 5x − 4y = 2 fory
n 
−4y = −5x + 2 2(S ) = 2 ( a+ d )
 
−4y −5x + 2 2 
= 2S = n ( a+ d )
−4 −4
5x − 2 5 2S = na+ nd
y= ory = x−
1 2S − na = nd
4 4 2 2S − na nd
=
76. 7x − 2y = 5 fory n n
2S − na
−2y = −7x + 5 =d
n
−2y −7x + 5
=
−2 −2 2S − na 2S
7x − 5 7 d= ord = −a
y= ory = x− n n
5
2 2 2
n
1 1 80. S= 2a+ ( n −1) d fora
77. x + y = 1 fory 2
2 3
n 
1 1  2( S ) = 2  2a+ ( n− 1) d  
6 x + y = 6(1) 2 

2 3   

3x + 2y = 6 2y −3x + 6
=
2y = −3x + 6 2
2

98
98
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

−3x + 6 3 2S = n 2a+ ( n−1) d

y= ory = − x + 3 2S = n ( 2a+ nd − d )
2S = 2an+ n2d − nd

2S − n2d + nd = 2an
2 2 2S − n2d + nd 2an
=
2n 2n
2S − n2d + nd 2S − n2d + nd
= a ora =
2n 2n

99
99
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

1 85. 6x + ay = bx + 5 forx
81. V = π r2h
6x − bx = 5− ay
forh
3

 
1 x ( 6− b) = 5− ay
3(V ) = 3 π r2h 

3  x ( 6− b) 5− ay
3V = π r2h =
6− b 6− b
3V π r2h 5− ay ay − 5
= x= orx =
π r2 π r2 6− b b−6
3V 3V 86. 3x + 2y = cx + d forx
2 = h orh =
πr π r2 3x − cx = d − 2y
1
82. V = Bh x ( 3− c) = d − 2y
forB
3

  1  x ( 3− c) d − 2y
3(V ) = 3 Bh  =

3  3− c 3− c
3V = Bh d− 2y − d
x= orx =
2y

3V Bh 3− c c− 3
=
87. A = P + PrtforP
h h
3V 3V A = P(1+ rt)
= B orB =
h h A P(1+ rt)
=
83. 6 = 4x + tx forx 1+ rt 1+ rt

6 = x ( 4+ t) A
= P orP =
A

1+ rt 1+ rt
6 x ( 4+ t)
= 88. C = A + A r forA
4+ t 4+ t
6 6 C = A (1+ r)
= x orx =

4+ t 4+ t C A (1+ r)

84. 8 = 3x + kx forx 8 = x ( 3+ k )

100
10
0
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

=
1+ 1+ r
r C
C orA =

=A
8 x ( 3+ k ) 1+ r 1+ r
=
3+ k 3+ k

8 8
= x orx =
3+ k 3+ k

5 −2
89. =
2n +1 3n − 4

( 2n + 1)( 3n − 4)  2n +1 = ( 2n + 1)( 3n − 4)3n − 4 

5 −2
   
5( 3n − 4) = −2( 2n + 1)
15n − 20 = −4n − 2
19n = 18
18
n=
19
18
 
 19 

101
10
1
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

4 −2
90. =
5z − 3 4z + 7

( 5z − 3)( 4z + 7)  5z − 3 = ( 5z − 3)( 4z + 7)4z + 7 

4 −2
   
4( 4z + 7) = −2( 5z − 3)
16z + 28 = −10z + 6
26z = −22
22 11
z= − =−
26 13
 11
−
 
 13
{ }
91. 5− 2 3−  5v + 3(v − 7)  = 8v + 6( 3− 4v ) − 61

5− 2 3− ( 5v + 3v − 21) = 8v +18− 24v − 61

5− 2 3− ( 8v − 21)  = −16v − 43

5− 2( 3− 8v + 21) = −16v − 43
5− 2( 24− 8v ) = −16v − 43
5− 48+16v = −16v − 43
16v − 43= −16v − 43
32v = 0
v=0
{0}

{ }
92. 6− 4− 2 8u − 2(u − 3)  = −4u + 3( 2− u) + 8
6− 4− 2( 8u− 2u+ 6) = −4u+ 6− 3u+ 8

6− 4− 2( 6u+ 6) = −7u+14

6− ( 4−12u−12) = −7u+14
6− (12u− 8) = −7u+14
6−12u+ 8 = −7u+14
−5u = 0
u= 0
{0}

93. ( x − 7)( x + 2) = x 2
+ 4x + 13
x2 + 2x − 7x − 14 = x2 + 4x + 13
x2 − 5x − 14 = x2 + 4x + 13

102
10
2
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

−9x = 27
x = −3
{−3}

103
10
3
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

94. ( m + 3)( 2m − 5) = 2m 2
+ 4m − 3
2m + 6m − 5m − 15 = 2m + 4m − 3
2 2

2m 2 + m − 15 = 2m 2 + 4m − 3
−3m = 12
m = −4
{−4}

3 9 2
95. − =

c2 − 4c 2c2 + 3c 2c2 − 5c−12

3 9 2
− =
c( c− 4) c( 2c+ 3) ( 2c+ 3)( c− 4)

 3 9   2 
c 2c+ 3 c− 4 − = c 2c+ 3 c− 4

( )( )  
c( 2c+ 3)  ( )( ) 
( 2c+ 3)( c− 4)
c( c− 4)

3( 2c+ 3) − 9( c− 4) = 2c
6c+ 9− 9c+ 36 = 2c
−3c+ 45 = 2c
−5c = −45
c= 9
{9}
4 5 2
96. − =
d2 − d 2d 2 + 5d 2d 2 + 3d − 5

4 5 2
− =
d ( d −1) d ( 2d + 5) ( 2d + 5)( d −1)

 4 5   2 
d 2d + 5 d −1 − =d 2d + 5 d −1

( )( )  
d ( 2d + 5)  ( )( ) 
( 2d + 5)( d −1)
d ( d −1)

{−25}
104
10
4
 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

4( 2d + 5) − 5( d 8d + 20− 5d + 5= 2d
−1) = 2d 3d + 25= 2d
d = −25
1 1 1 1 2 2 1
97. x + = ( x + 1) − 98. x+ = ( x + 1) + x
1
x
3 2 2 6 2 5 5 10

1 1 1 1  1 2 2 1
6 x 6 ( x 1) x 10 x+ = 10 ( x + 1) + x
 2
3 2 2 6  5 5 10 
   
2x + 3= 3( x + 1) − x 5x + 4 = 4( x + 1) + x
2x + 3= 3x + 3− x 5x + 4 = 4x + 4+ x
2x + 3= 2x + 3 5x + 4 = 5x + 4
0= 0 0= 0

105
10
5
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

(t+ 2) = (t− 4) ( y − 3) = ( y + 1)
2 2 2 2
99. 100.
t2 + 4t+ 4 = t2 − 8t+ y2 − 6y + 9 = y2 + 2y + 1
16 −8y = −8
12t= 12 y =1
t= 1 {1}
{1}
3 5 180t
101. = 104. v=
3a + 4 5a −1 2t+ 10
( 3a+ 4)( 5a−1)  ( 3a + 4)( 5a−1)  60 =
180t
  
= 2t+ 10
 3   5 
( 2t+ 10)( 60) = ( 2t+ 10) 2t+ 10 
180t
  
 3a+ 4    5a−1   

3( 5a−1) = 5( 3a+ 4) 120t+ 600 = 180t

15a− 3= 15a+ 20 −60t= −600
−3= 20 t= 10 sec
{} 1 1
105. A = c+ h
22 30
8 2 1 1
102. =
8x− 3 2x+ 5 7= c+ (165)
22 30
1 11
( 8x− 3)( 2x+ 5)  ( 8x− 3)( 2x+ 5)  7= c+
 =  22 2

 8   2   1 11

 8x− 3 

  2x+ 5  
 22( 7) = 22 c+ 
       22 2

8( 2x+ 5) = 2( 8x− 3) 154 = c+121

16x+ 40 = 16x− 6 c = 33 m i
40 = −6 1 1
106. A = c+ h
24 32
1 1
{} 9 = ( 60) + h
24 32
5 1
40 + 20x 9= + h
103. P= 2 32
1+ 0.05x 5 1 

(1+ 0.05x)( 200) = (1+ 0.05x) 

40 + 20x 
40 + 20x   
200 =  
1+ 0.05x 1+ 0.05x
200+10x = 40+ 20x

106
10
6
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.1

−10x = −160 32( 9) = 32 + h 

 2 32 
x = 16 yr 288 = 80+ h
h = 208 m i
107. The value 5 is not defined within
the expressions in the equation.
Substituting 5 into the equation
would result in division by 0.
108. The equation is an identity. The
solution set is all real numbers.

107
10
7
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.2

109. The equation cannot be written in 113. ax + 6 = 4x + 14

the form ax + b = 0 . The term a( 4) + 6 = 4( 4) + 14
3
= 3x−1 . Therefore, the term 4a+ 6 = 16+ 14
x

3 4a+ 6 = 30
is not first degree and the 4a = 24
x

equation is not a first-degree a= 6

equation. 114. ax − 3= 2x + 9
110. The equation cannot be written in
the form ax + b = 0. The term a( 3) − 3= 2( 3) + 9
12 3a− 3= 6+ 9
2 x = 2x . Therefore, the term
3a− 3= 15
2 x is not first degree and the
equation is not a first-degree 3a = 18
equation. a= 6
111. The equation is a contradiction. 115. a( 2x − 5) + 6 = 5x + 7
There is no real number x to
a2 (16) − 5 + 6 = 5(16) + 7
which we add 1 that will equal the

same real number x to which we a( 32 − 5) + 6 = 80 + 7

add 2. 27a+ 6 = 87
112. In each case, we can clear 27a = 81
fractions by multiplying both sides
a= 3
of the equation by the LCD. For
116.
x 1
the equation + = 1, the a( 2x + 4) + 12x = 3( 2− x)
LCD
3 2

is 6, whereas for
3
+
1
= 1,  ( 34) + 4 + 12( 34) = 32
a 2  − ( 34)
a( 68+ 4) + 408 = 3( −32)
the
x 2 72a+ 408 = −96
LCD is 2x. 72a = −504
a = −7

Section 1.2 Applications with Linear

and Rational Equations
d
1. $900 4.
t
2. 0.08( 2) = 0.16 L 5. P = 2l+ 2w

d 6. 180°
3.
r

108
10
8
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities Section 1.2

7. Let x represent the amount borrowed at 3%. Then, ( 5000 − x ) is the amount
borrowed at
2.5%.
3% Interest Loan 2.5% Interest Loan Total
Principal x 5000 − x
Interest (I = Prt) x ( 0.03)(1) ( 5000 − x)( 0.025)(1) 132.50

109
10
9
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Ecribellatae, 385
Ectatosticta davidi, 393
Ectinosoma, 62
Edriophthalmata, 112, 121
Eggs, of Phyllopoda, 32;
of Cladocera, 44;
of Copepoda, 59, 62, 66, 67, 71, 74;
of Branchiura, 77;
of Syncarida, 114;
of Peracarida, 123;
of Hoplocarida, 141;
of Eucarida, 144;
of Trilobites, 238;
of Limulus, 275;
of Pedipalpi, 309;
of Spiders, 358;
of Solifugae, 424;
of Pseudoscorpions, 434;
of Phalangidea, 442;
of Acarina, 456;
of Tardigrada, 478;
of Pentastomida, 493;
of Pycnogons, 520
Ehrenberg, on systematic position of Tardigrada, 483
Eleleis crinita, 396
Ellipsocephalus, 224, 235, 247;
E. hoffi, 248
Embolobranchiata, 258, 259, 297 f.
Emmerich, on facial suture of Trinucleus, 226
Encephaloides, 193;
E. armstrongi, 192, 193;
habitat, 205
Encrinuridae, 251
Encrinurus, 227, 235, 251
Endeis didactyla, 534;
E. gracilis, 539;
E. spinosus, 541
Endite, 9, 10
Endopodite, 9, 10;
of Trilobites, 237
Endosternite, 257, 305, 330
Endostoma, of Eurypterus, 287
Engaeus, 157;
E. fossor, distribution, 213
Enoplectenus, 418
Enterocola, 67;
E. fulgens, 67
Entomostraca, defined, 6;
diagnosis, 18;
of littoral zone, 197;
fresh-water, of southern hemisphere, 216
Entoniscidae, 130, 134
Enyo, 400
Enyoidae, 399
Eoscorpius, 298
Epeira, 409;
E. angulata, 315, 409;
E. basilica, 350, 351;
web of, 351;
E. bifurcata, 359;
E. caudata, 359;
E. cornuta, 409;
E. cucurbitina, 372, 409;
E. diademata, 335, 340, 343, 345, 359, 366, 380, 409;
anatomy, 332;
 cocoon, 358;
silk, 360;
spinnerets, 325;
E. labyrinthea, 350;
E. madagascarensis, 360;
E. mauritia, 349;
E. pyramidata, 409;
E. quadrata, 366, 409;
E. triaranea, 350;
E. umbratica, 409
Epeiridae, 376, 377, 406
Epeirinae, 408
Ephippium, 48
Epiblemum, 420
Epicarida, 129;
sex in, 105
Epicaridian, larva of Epicarida, 130
Epicoxite, of Eurypterus, 287
Epidanus, 449
Epigyne, 319, 333, 378
Epipharynx, 459
Epipodite, 9, 10
Episininae, 402
Episinus truncatus, 403
Epistome, of Eurypterida, 291;
of Pseudoscorpions, 431, 436;
of Phalangidea, 443
Erber, 355, 356
Eremobates, 429
Eremobatinae, 429
Eresidae, 398
Eresus cinnaberinus, 398
Eriauchenus, 411
Erichthoidina, larva of Stomatopod, 143
Ericthus, larva of Stomatopod, 143
Erigone, 405
Erigoninae, 404
Eriophyes, 465;
E. ribis, 455, 465;
E. tiliae, 465
Eriophyidae, 464
Eriphia, 191;
E. spinifrons, 191
Erlanger, von, on development and position of Tardigrada, 483
Ero, 411;
E. furcata, 366, 411;
cocoon, 358;
E. tuberculata, 412
Eryonidae, 158;
habitat, 204
Eryonidea, 157
Erythraeinae, 473
Estheria, 21, 22, 23, 36;
E. gubernator and E. macgillivrayi, habitat, 33;
E. tetraceros, 36
Eucarida, 114, 144 f.
Euchaeta norwegica, 58
Eucopepoda, 57 f.
Eucopia australis, 119
Eucopiidae, 113, 114, 118
Eudendrium, Pycnogons on, 520
Eudorella, 121
Eukoenenia, 423;
E. augusta, 423;
E. florenciae, 423;
E. grassii, 423
Eulimnadia, 36;
E. mauritani, 36;
E. texana, 36
Euloma, 230
Eumalacostraca, 112 f.
Eupagurinae, 180
Eupagurus, 180;
E. bernhardus, commensalism, 172;
distribution, 199;
E. excavatus, parasitic castration of, 101;
E. longicarpus, metamorphosis, 179;
E. prideauxii, commensalism, 172;
E. pubescens, distribution, 199
Euphausia pellucida, 145, 146
Euphausiacea, 144
Euphausiidae, 113, 114, 144;
larval history, 145;
eyes, 150
Eupodes, 471
Euproöps, 278
Eurycare, 232, 247
Eurycercus, 53;
alimentary canal, 42;
E. lamellatus, habitat, 207
Eurycide, 505, 533;
E. hispida, 506, 507, 533
Eurycididae, 533
Eurydium, 485
Euryopis, 404
Eurypelma, 389;
E. hentzii, 361, 370
Euryplax, 195
Eurypterida, 258, 278, 283 f.
Eurypteridae, 290 f.
Eurypterus, 283 f., 290, 291, 292;
E. fischeri, 284, 286, 289
Eurytemora, 59;
E. affinis, habitat, 206
Eusarcus, 283, 291
Euscorpiinae, 308
Euscorpius, 298, 308;
E. carpathicus, 299
Eusimonia, 429
Euterpe acutifrons, 61, 61;
distribution, 203
Euthycoelus, 389
Evadne, 54;
young, 47
Excretory system (including Renal organs), in Crustacea, 12;
in Arachnids, 257;
in Limulus, 270;
in Tardigrada, 481;
in Pentastomida, 491
Exner, on mosaic vision, 148
Exopodite, 9, 10;
of Trilobites, 237
Eyes, compound, of Crustacea, 146, 147;
physiology of, 148;
 of deep-sea Crustacea, 149;
connexion with phosphorescent organs, 151;
regeneration of, 6;
of Trilobites, 227 f., 228;
of Limulus, 271;
of Eurypterida, 285;
of Scorpions, 301;
of Pedipalpi, 309;
of Spiders, 315, 334; of Solifugae, 426;
of Pseudoscorpions, 431;
of Phalangidea, 442;
of Acarina, 458;
of Pycnogons, 517

Fabre, on habits of Spiders, 298 f.;

of Tarantula, 361 f.;
on Wasp v. Spider, 368 f.
Facet, of Trilobites, 235
Facial suture, 225 f., 232
Falanga, 424
False articulations, 444
False-scorpions, 430
Fecenia, 399
Filistata, 391;
F. capitata, 392;
F. testacea, 392
Filistatidae, 319, 336, 391
Finger-keel, 303
Fixed cheek, 225, 226, 227
Flabellifera, 124 f.
Flabellum, 270
Flacourt, 363
Flagellum, in Solifugae, 426, 428;
in Pseudoscorpions, 433
Forbes, 374
Ford, S. W., on development of Trilobites, 238
Forel, on Lake of Geneva, 206
Formicina, 405
Formicinae, 405
Formicinoides brasiliana, 318
Fragilia, 535
Free cheek, 225, 226, 227
Fresh-water, Crustacea, 205 f.;
Spiders, 357
Furcilia (Metazoaea), larva of Euphausia, 145
Fusulae, 325, 335

Galathea, 169, 170;

G. intermedia, Pleurocrypta parasitic on, 133;
G. strigosa, 170;
gut of, 15
Galatheidae, 169
Galatheidea, 169
Galea, 433, 436
Galena, 412
Galeodes, 429, 527;
nervous system, 428;
chelicera, 429;
G. arabs, 425;
G. araneoides, 425
Galeodidae, 428
Gall-mites, 455, 464
Gamasidae, 470
Gamasinae, 470
Gamasus, 460, 461, 463, 470;
G. coleoptratorum, 470;
G. crassipes, 470;
G. terribilis, 461
Gammaridae, 138
Gammarus, 137, 138;
of Lake Baikal, 212;
of Australia, 216;
G. locusta, 138, 138;
G. pulex, 138
Gampsonyx, 115, 118
Garstang, on respiration of crabs, 186 n.
Garypinae, 436, 437
Garypus, 431, 436, 437, 438;
chelicera, 432;
G. littoralis, 430
Gaskell, 270, 277, 334
Gasteracantha, 410;
G. minax, 410
Gasteracanthinae, 317, 409
Gastrodelphys, 73
Gastrolith, of Lobster, 155
Gaubert, 525 n.
Gebia littoralis, 167
Gecarcinidae, 196
Gecarcinus, 194, 195, 196
Gegenbaur, 523
Gelanor, 411, 412
Gelasimus, 194, 196;
habitat, 198;
distribution, 210;
G. annulipes, 194
Genal angle, 225
Gené, 461
Genital operculum, of Eurypterida, 288, 289, 291
Genysa, 388
Gerardia, Laura parasitic on, 93
Geryon, 195
Giardella callianassae, 73
Gibocellidae, 448
Gibocellum sudeticum, 447
Giesbrecht, on Copepoda, 57;
on phosphorescence, 59
Gigantostraca, 258, 283 f.
Gill-book, 270
Glabella, 223
Glabella-furrows, 223
Glands, of Tardigrada, 481;
of Pentastomida, 490, 491;
of Pycnogons, 511;
coxal, of Arachnids, 257, 270, 337;
green, of Malacostraca, 110;
poison-, of Arachnids, 337, 360;
spinning, of Spiders, 335;
of Pseudoscorpions, 434
Glaucothoe, larva of Eupagurus, 179, 180
Gluvia, 429
Glycyphagus, 466;
G. palmifer, 466;
 G. plumiger, 466
Glyphocrangon, 164;
G. spinulosa, 158, 164
Glyphocrangonidae, 164
Glyptoscorpius, 283, 291, 294
Gmelina, 138
Gmogala scarabaeus, 394
Gnamptorhynchus, 533
Gnaphosa, 397
Gnathia maxillaris, 124;
life-history of 125
Gnathiidae, 124
Gnathobase, 10, 264
Gnathophausia, 119, 256 n.;
maxillipede of, 10
Gnathostomata, 56
Gnosippus, 429
Goldsmith, 362
Gonads, = reproductive organs, q.v.
Gonodactylus, 143;
G. chiragra, 143
Gonoplacidae, 195
Gonoplax, 195;
G. rhomboides, 195
Gonyleptidae, 442, 448, 449
Goodsir, Harry, 535, 540
Gordius, parasitic in Spiders, 368
Gossamer, 342
Graells, 364
Graeophonus, 309
Graff, von, on position of Tardigrada, 483
Grapsidae, 193, 195;
habitat, 198, 201
Graptoleberis, 53
Grassi, 422
Green gland, 110 (= antennary gland, q.v.)
Gregarious Spiders, 340
Grenacher, 517
Griffithides, 251
Gruvel, on Cirripedia, 80, 86
Guérin-Méneville, 439
Gurney, on Copepoda, 62;
on Brachyuran metamorphosis, 181 n.
Gyas, 450
Gylippus, 429
Gymnolepas, 89
Gymnomera, 38, 54
Gymnoplea, 57

Hadrotarsidae, 394
Hadrotarsus babirusa, 394
Haeckel, on plankton, 203
Haemaphysalis, 469
Haematodocha, 322
Haemocera, 64;
H. danae, life-history, 64, 65
Haemocoel, 5, 11
Hahnia, 325, 416
Hahniinae, 416
Halacaridae, 472
Halocypridae, 108
Halosoma, 539
Hannonia typica, 533
Hansen, on Choniostomatidae, 76;
on Cirripede Nauplii, 94;
on classification of Malacostraca, 113
Hansen and Sörensen, 422, 439, 443, 448
Hapalogaster, 181;
H. cavicauda, 178
Hapalogasterinae, 181
Harpactes hombergii, 395
Harpacticidae, 61, 62;
habitat, 206
Harpedidae, 245
Harpes, 225, 226, 230, 231, 234, 246;
H. ungula, 248;
H. vittatus, eyes, 228
Harporhynchus, 53
Harvest-bugs, 454, 473
Harvestmen, 440, = Phalangidea, q.v.
Harvest-spiders, 440, = Phalangidea, q.v.
Harvesters, 440, = Phalangidea, q.v.
Hasarius falcatus, 421
Haustellata, 501 n.
Haustoriidae, 137
Haustorius arenarius, 137
Hay, on name Lydella, 486 n.
Heart, of Phyllopoda, 29;
of Cladocera, 43;
of Nebalia, 112;
of Syncarida, 115;
of Peracarida, 118;
of Isopoda, 122;
of Danalia, 132;
of Amphipoda, 136;
of Squilla, 142;
of Eucarida, 144;
of Limulus, 268;
of Scorpions, 305;
of Pedipalpi, 311;
of Spiders, 331;
of Solifugae, 427;
of Pseudoscorpions, 434;
of Phalangidea, 445;
of Acarina, 460;
of Pycnogons, 516
Heart-water, 470
Hedley, on home of cocoa-nut, 174
Heligmonerus, 388
Heller, 455
Hemeteles fasciatus, 367;
H. formosus, 367
Hemiaspis, 278;
H. limuloides, 278
Hemioniscidae, 130
Hemiscorpion lepturus, 307
Hemiscorpioninae, 306, 307
Henking, 447, 460
Hentz, 367
Herbst, on regeneration of eye, 6 n.
Hermacha, 388
Hermaphroditism, 15;
caused by parasite, 101, 102;
partial and temporary, 102;
normal, 105;
in Cymothoidae, 126;
in Isopoda Epicarida, 129;
in Entoniscidae, 135;
in Caprella, 140
Hermippus, 317, 399;
H. loricatus, 400
Hermit-crab, 167, 171;
commensalism, 172;
reacquisition of symmetry, 173;
regeneration of limbs, 156
Hermit-lobster, 167
Herrick, on the Lobster, 154
Hersilia (Araneae), 401;
H. caudata, 400
Hersiliidae (Araneae), 326, 400
Hersiliidae (Copepoda), 73
Hersiliola, 401
Heterarthrandria, 58
Heterocarpus alphonsi (Pandalidae), phosphorescence, 151
Heterochaeta papilligera, 60
Heterocope, 59
Heterogammarus, 138
Heterometrus, 307
Heterophrynus, 313
Heteropoda venatoria, 414
Heterostigmata, 471
Heterotanais, 123
Hexameridae, 91
Hexathele, 390
Hexisopodidae, 429
Hexisopus, 429, 429
Hexura, 391
Hippa, 171;
H. emerita, distribution, 202
Hippidae, 171
Hippidea, 170;
habitat, 198
Hippolyte, 164;
distribution, 200;
H. varians, 164
Hippolytidae, 164;
distribution, 199
Hodge, George, 523, 540
Hodgson, 508
Hoek, on Cirripedia, 80;
on Pycnogons, 505, 512, 513
Holm, G., on Agnostus, 225;
on Eurypterus, 285 n.
Holmia, 236, 242, 247;
H. kjerulfi, 242, 246
Holochroal eye, 228
Holopediidae, 51
Holopedium, 38, 51
Homalonotus, 222, 249;
H. delphinocephalus, 223
Homarus, 154;
habitat, 200;
excretory
glands, 13;
H. americanus, 154;
H. vulgaris, 154
Homoeoscelis, 76
Homola, 184;
distribution, 205
Homolidae, 184
Homolodromia, 184;
H. paradoxa, resemblance to Nephropsidae, 184
Hood, of Phalangidea, 442, 452
Hoplocarida, 114, 141
Hoploderma, 468;
H. magnum, 467
Hoplophora, 468
Horse-foot crab, = Limulus, q.v.
Hoyle, on classification of Pentastomids, 495
Hughmilleria, 283, 290, 292
Humboldt, on Porocephalus, 488 n.
Hutton, 424
Huttonia, 398
Hyale, 139
Hyalella, 137, 139;
distribution, 211, 217
Hyalomma, 469
Hyas, 192, 193;
 distribution, 200
Hyctia nivoyi, 421
Hydrachnidae, 472
Hydractinia, Pycnogons on, 523
Hydrallmania, Pycnogons on, 524
Hymenocaris, 112
Hymenodora, 163
Hymenosoma, 193;
distribution, 200
Hymenosomatidae, 193
Hyperina, 140
Hypochilidae, 393
Hypochilus, 336, 393;
H. thorelli, 393
Hypoctonus, 312
Hypoparia, 243
Hypopus, 463
Hypostome, of Trilobites, 233, 237;
of Bronteus, 233;
of Acarina, 469
Hyptiotes, 349, 411;
H. cavatus, snare, 350;
H. paradoxus, 350, 411

Iasus, 165, 167;

distribution, 200
Ibacus, 167
Ibla, 88;
I. cumingii, 88;
I. quadrivalvis, 88, 89
Ichneumon flies, and Spiders, 367
Icius, 421;
I. mitratus, 382
Idiops, 388
Idothea, habitat, 211
Idotheidae, 127
Ihle, J. E. W., 526 n.
Ilia, 188;
I. nucleus, 188;
respiration, 187
Illaenus, 229, 231, 235, 249;
I. dalmanni, 248
Ilyocryptus, 40, 53
Inachus, 192, 193;
I. mauritanicus, Sacculina parasitic on, 97 f.;
parasitic castration in, 101;
temporary hermaphroditism of, 103;
Danalia and Sacculina parasitic on, 131
Integument, of Pycnogons, 518
Irregular Spider-snares, 351
Ischnocolus, 389
Ischnothele dumicola, 390
Ischnurinae, 306, 307
Ischnurus ochropus, 307
Ischnyothyreus, 394
Ischyropsalidae, 451
Ischyropsalis, 444, 451
Isokerandria, 69 f.
Isometrus europaeus, 306
Isopoda, 121 f., 242
Ixodes, 469;
I. ricinus, 469
Ixodidae, 469
Ixodoidea, 455, 462, 468

Janulus, 403
Jaworowski, on vestigial antennae in a Spider, 263
Johnston, George, 540
Jumping-Spiders, 419

Karshia, 429
Karshiinae, 429
Katipo, 363, 403
King-crab, =Limulus, q.v.
Kingsley, on Trilobites, 239, 243 n.;
on breeding habits of Limulus, 271
Kishinouye, on Limulus, 274, 275
Klebs, on the frequency of human Pentastomids, 494
Knight Errant, 540
Koch, C., 397 n.
Koch, L., 397 n.
Kochlorine, 92;
K. hamata, 93
Koenenia, 422, 527, 528;
K. mirabilis, 423
Koltzoff, 15
König, 524