MSWM

UNIT - I
• Introduction
• Solid wastes – Definition - Scope and
importance – Land Pollution – Functional
elements of solid waste management –
Quantity assessment – Generation rate –
Factors affecting sources – Methods of
sampling – characterization – Effects of
improper disposal of solid wastes – Public
health effects – Social and economic aspects
– Role of NGOs – Legislation.
Public awareness
WHAT IS SOLID WASTE ???

 Solid wastes are the wastes arising from human

and animal activities that are normally solid and
are discarded as useless or unwanted.

 Solid wastes can also be defined as the organic

and inorganic waste materials produced by
various activities of the society, which have lost
their value to the first user(s).
SCOPE

• SWM includes all administrative, financial, legal,

planning & engineering functions involved in the
whole spectrum of solutions to problems of solid
wastes thrust upon the community by its inhabitants.
IMPORTANCE

• To control the generation, storage, collection, transfer

and transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes
in a manner that is in accord with the best principles
of public health, economics, engineering, conservation
aesthetics and other environmental considerations.
SWM
LAND POLLUTION
• Solid waste pollution - -environment - filled with non
biodegradable and non-compostable biodegradable wastes -
capable of emitting greenhouse gases, toxic fumes, and
particulate matters as they accumulate in open landfills.

• wastes - capable of leaching organic or chemical

compositions to contaminate the ground.

• Solid wastes carelessly thrown in streets, highways, and

alleyways - cause pollution when - carried off by rainwater
run-offs or by flood water to the main streams
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON SOURCES

 Residential

 Commercial

 Institutional

 Municipal

 Industrial

 Agricultural
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON TYPES
• Bio-degradable

Can be degraded
Ex: paper,wood,fruits. . .

• Non-biodegradable

Cannot be degraded
Ex: plastics,bottles,cans. . .
• Hazardous waste

• Garbage

• Bulky wastes

• Ashes & residues

• Dead animals

• Sewage waste

• Construction & demolition wastes

• Combustible & non- Combustible wastes

 Classification of Solid Wastes
Type Description Sources

Food waste: wastes from the preparation, cooking

and serving of food.
Garbage
Market refuse, waste from the handling, storage,
and sale of produce and meat.
Combustible (primary organic) paper, cardboard,
cartons, wood, boxes, plastic, rags, cloth, Households, institutions and commercial concerns
bedding, leather, rubber, grass, leaves, yard such as hotels, stores, restaurants, markets,
Combustible and
trimmings, etc. etc.
non–combustible
Non-combustible (primary inorganic) metals, tin,
cans, glass bottles, crockery, stones, etc.
Residue from fires used for cooking and for
Ashes
heating building cinders
Large auto parts, tyres, stoves, refrigerators other
Bulky wastes large appliances, furniture, large crates,
trees, branches, stumps, etc.
Solid Wastes
Street wastes Street sweepings, dirt, leaves, etc. Streets, sidewalks, alleys, vacant lots, etc.

Dead animals Dogs, cats, rats, donkeys, etc.

Abandoned vehicles Automobiles and spare parts
Roofing, and sheathing scraps, rubble, broken
Construction and
concrete, plaster, conduit pipe, wire, Construction and demolition sites.
demolition wastes
insulation, etc.
Solid wastes resulting from industry processes and
manufacturing operations, such as, food
Industrial wastes Factories, power plants, etc.
processing wastes, boiler house cinders,
wood, plastic and metal scraps, shavings, etc
Pathological wastes, explosives, radioactive Households, hospitals, institutions, stores,
Hazardous wastes
materials, etc. industry, etc.
Animal and agricultural Manure, crop residues, etc. Livestock, farms, feedlots and agriculture
Coarse screening grit, septic tank sludge,
Sewage treatment residue Sewage treatment plants and septic tanks.
dewatered sludge.
NEED OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

• 7.2 million tonnes of hazardous waste

• One Sq km of additional landfill area every-year

• Waste collection is very low for all Indian cities

• In addition to this industries discharge about 150 million

tonnes of high volume low hazard waste every year, which
is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas.

Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest

Dust bin is at one place & waste is at ------------ !
What you Observed?
 Possibilities of fire

Due to building of hazardous and flammable gases in the dump, occasional breakouts of fires are
Possible. Thus creating air pollution problems releasing emissions of volatile organic compounds.
 Public waste
Private enterprise

The rich produce it, the poor deal with it.

The rich who make it are considered ‘clean’;
The poor who deal with it are considered ‘dirty’."
 Beauty of our Roads!

AFTER THE YATRA / POLITICAL MEETINGS,

ALL THAT WAS LEFT WAS LITTER AND GARBAGE ON THE ROADS
ILL EFFECTS OF IMPROPER SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

• Air pollution

• Water pollution

• Clotting the open air sewage lines available there

• Reducing the aesthetic appearance of city

FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SWM
2.2 FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT…

• Waste generation: Those activities in which materials are

identified as no longer being of value and are either thrown
away or gathered together for disposal.
• On- site handling, Storage, and processing: Those
activities associated with the handling, storage, and
processing of solid wastes at or near the point of generation.
• Collection: Those activities associated with the gathering of
solid wastes and the hauling of wastes after collection to the
location where the collection vehicle is emptied.
• Transfer and transport: Those activates associated with the
transfer of wastes from the smaller collection vehicle to the
larger transport equipment and the subsequent transport of
the wastes, usually over long distance to the disposal site.

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2.2 FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT…

• Processing and recovery: Those techniques, equipment

and facilities used both to improve the efficiency of the other
functional elements and to recover usable materials,
conversion products, or energy from solid wastes.
• Disposal: Those activities associated with ultimate disposal
of solid wastes including those wastes collected and
transported directly to a landfill site, semisolid wastes
(sludge) from wastewater treatment plants incinerator
residue compost, or other substances from the wires solid
waste processing plants that are of no further use.

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RULES TO BE FOLLOWED FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
 REFUSE:

Instead of buying new containers from the market, use the ones
that are in the home.

 REUSE:

Do not throw away the soft drink cans or the bottles; paint on
them and use them as pencil stands or small vases.

 RECYCLE:

Segregate your wastes so that non-perishable wastes are easily

collected and taken for recycling.

 REDUCE:

Carry your own shopping bag while going for shopping

TYPES OF SW

Slaughter
house
waste

Chemical waste
treatment center
COMPOSITION OF MSW
SUMMARY

• Solid waste generation

• Scope and importance
• Land pollution
• Functional elements of SWM
 Waste generation
 Storage
 Collection
 Transfer and transport
 Processing and recovery
 Disposal