ELECTROMAGNETIC

INDUCTION
Physics Investigatory project

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED
BY
Mr.Pawan Ojha Harshit Verma

INDEX
Certificate

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

THEORY

Faraday’s Experiment

APPLICATIONS OF EMI

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Harshit Verma a student of class
12th has successfully completed the research on the
topic “Study of phenomenon of Electromagnetic
Induction”, under the guidance of Mr. Pawan Ojha
during the year 2021-22 in partial fulfilment of Physics
practical examination of Central Board of Secondary
Education (CBSE)

Principal External Examiner

.…………………… ……………………………
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
I warmly acknowledge the continuous encouragement
and timely suggestions offered by our dear Principal
Mrs Poonam Kochitty. I extend my hearty thanks for
giving me the opportunity to make use of the facilities
available in the campus to carry out the project
successfully.
I am highly indebted to Mr Pawan Ojha for the
constant supervision, providing necessary information
and supporting in completing the project. I would like
to express my gratitude towards them for their kind
cooperation and encouragement.
Finally, I extend my gratefulness to one and all who are
directly or indirectly involved in the successful
completion of this project work.

“I am making this project not only for marks but to

also increase my k
 INTRODUCTION
The word electromagnetic Induction is made up of two words
Electromagnet + Induction. So let’s understand the meaning of these
two words :

Electro Magnet
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is
produced by electric current. The magnetic field disappears when
the current is turned off.

Induction
The process of generating current in a conductor by placing the
conductor in a changing magnetic field is called induction.

So we can define electromagnetic induction as-

It is the production of a potential difference (voltage) across a

conductor when it is exposed to a varying magnetic field.
Electromagnetic induction is when an electromagnetic field causes
molecule in another object to flow. Induction can produce electricity
(in coils), heat (in ferrous metals), or waves (in a radio transmitter).
Finally, it is refers to the phenomenon where an emf is induced when
the magnetic flux linking a conductor change.
PRINCIPLE-

Electromagnetic induction is a process where a conductor

placed in a changing magnetic field (or a conductor moving
through a stationary magnetic field) causes the production of
a voltage across the conductor. This process of
electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes an electrical
current it is said to induce the current.
 THEORY
Electromagnetic induction was discovered by Michael
Faraday, published in 1831. It was discovered independently
by Joseph Henry in 1832
If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an E.m.f. will be
generated in the coil. This effect was first observed and
explained by Ampere and Faraday between 1825 and 1831.
Faraday discovered that an e.m.f. could be generated either
by,
(a) moving the coil or the source of flux relative to each other
or by
(b) changing the magnitude of the source of magnetic flux in
some way.
 Faraday’s Experiment
Michael Faraday performed series of experiments and based
on the results he gave law on induction.
Magnetic field is capable of producing current in a conductor
Faraday took a coil and attached a galvanometer to it.
As there is no battery attached therefore there is no source
of current.
He brought the magnet near the coil.
When the magnet is moved towards the coil galvanometer
showed deflection.
Galvanometer even showed the deflection in the opposite
direction when the magnet is taken away from the coil.
When magnet was not moved there was no deflection in the
galvanometer.
This show current is related to magnet.

Faster the magnet is moved the more is the deflection in the

galvanometer. This showed more and more current flows if
the magnet is moved very fast.
Same effect was observed if the coil is moved and the
magnet was not moved.
From this experiment, Faraday concluded that whenever
there is relative motion between a conductor and a magnetic
field, the flux linkage with a coil changes and this change in
flux induces a voltage across a coil.
Michael Faraday formulated two laws on the basis of the
above experiments. These laws are called Faraday’s laws of
electromagnetic induction

Faraday’s First Law-

Whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field an EMF
gets induced across the conductor (called as induced emf), and if the
conductor is a closed circuit then induced current flows through it.
Magnetic field can be varied by various methods -
1. By moving magnet
2. By moving the coil
3. By rotating the coil relative to magnetic field
 Faraday’s Second Law

Faraday's second law of electromagnetic induction

states that, the magnitude of induced emf is equal to
the rate of change of flux linkages with the coil. The
flux linkages is the product of number of turns and
the flux associated with the coil.
 Lenz Law
Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz was a Russian physicist of Baltic
German descent who gave his law on electromagnetic
induction. His law was important because it states that
when a voltage is created by a change in magnetic flux, the
induced voltage must create a current whose magnetic field
is in opposition to the change which produces it.
 Applications Of
Electromagnetic Induction
 Electrical Generator
The EMF generated by Faraday's law of induction due to relative
movement of a circuit and a magnetic field is the phenomenon
underlying electrical generators. When a permanent magnet is
moved relative to a conductor, or vice versa, an electromotive force
is created. If the wire is connected through an electrical load, current
will flow, and thus electrical energy is generated, converting the
mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy

Card READERS
When you swipe the card, the credit card machine's coil of wires
causes a change in the magnetic field. The change in magnetic field
induces a voltage that creates a current that is used to signal your
account information to the machine

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Physic Textbook NCERT

 https://aplusphysics.com

 https://en.wikipedia.org/

 Google Search Engine