5.

THEVENIN'S AND NORTON'S THEOREMS

Circuit Diagrams :
To find load current (I
L
) :

To find Thevinins Resistance (R
th
) :

To find Thevinins Voltage (V
th
)
To Iind
Nortans Current (I
N
) :



Aim: To VeriIy Thevenin's and Norton's theorems.
Apparatus:
S.No. Apparatus Range Type Quantity
1 Ammeter (01) A MC 1
2 R.P.S (00V) DIGITAL 1
Rheostat 25O/5A Wire wound 1
4 Rheostat 18O/1.8A Wire wound 1
5 Rheostat 50O/ 5A Wire wound 1
6 Rheostat 100O/ 5A Wire wound 1
7 Voltmeter (00V) MC 1


1hevenin's theorem.
Statement: Thevenin's theorem states that 'In any two terminal, linear, bilateral network having a number
oI voltage, current sources and resistances can be replaced by a simple equivalent circuit consisting oI a
single voltage source in series with a resistance, where the value oI the voltage source is equal to the open
circuit voltage across the two terminals oI the network, and the resistance is the equivalent resistance
measured between the terminals with all energy sources replaced by their internal resistances.
!ROCEDURE:
(a) To find V
th

1. Connect the circuit as per the practical circuit. (Fig. 1)
2. Measure V
oc
between A and B terminals.
(b) To find R
th

1. Connect the circuit as per the practical circuit (Fig. 2)
2. Replace the voltage and current sources by open circuit and short circuit respectively and connect
a voltage source and series with an ammeter between the terminals A&B
. Note down the ammeter readings Ior diIIerent voltages.
4. Calculate R
th
V/I
5. Draw the thevenins equivalent circuit
orton's theorem:
Statement: Norton's theorem States that 'in any two terminal, linear, bilateral network with current sources,
voltage sources and resistances can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting oI a current source in
parallel with a resistance. The value oI the current source is the short circuit current between the two
terminals oI the network and the resistance is the equivalent resistance measured between the terminals oI
the network with all the energy sources replaced by their internal resistances.
!rocedure:
(a) To find I
N

1. Connect the circuit as per the practical circuit. (Fig. 1)
2. Measure the current I
sc
(or) I
N
through 'AB' by shortcircuiting the resistance between A and B.
(b) To find R
th

1. Connect the circuit as per the practical circuit (Fig.2)
2. Replace the voltage and current sources by open circuit and short circuit respectively and connect a
voltage source and series with an ammeter between the terminals A&B
. Note down the ammeter readings Ior diIIerent voltages.
4. Calculate R
th
V/I
5. Draw Norton's equivalent circuit.

TABULAR COLUMN
!arameters Theoretical
Values
!ractical
Values
I
L

V
TH

R
TH

I
N


RESULT : Hence Thevinin`s Theorem and Norton`s Theorems are veriIied Ior the given network.

VIVA VOCE:
1. State Thevinin`s theorem.
2. What are the limitations oI Thevinin`s theorem?
. State Norton`s theorem.