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411096202-Construction-equipment
411096202-Construction-equipment
411096202-Construction-equipment
ENGINEERING
MODULE – I
Construction Equipments
2. Construction vehicle
4. Construction Equipment
Prof. IRFAN NALBAND 4
CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
1. Earth-moving equipment – Backhoe,
shovel, scraper
2. Earth-compacting equipment – Rollers, bulldozers
3. Hauling equipment – dumpers, trucks, tippers
4. Hoisting equipment – Crane, forklift
5. Conveying equipment – Belts, cables, conveyors
6. Aggregate production equipment - Jaw
crusher, Gyratory crusher, Cone crusher
7. Equipments concrete works – Agitation
trucks, RMC plant or batching plants.
8. Pile-driving equipment – Single & double
acting hammer, drop hammer, diesel hammer
Role of construction engineer in construction industry
1. Manage the contract tender processes for civil construction projects, including
tender assessment and recommendations to clients.
2. Prepare and review Bill of Quantities and prepare tender documentation.
3. Establish and maintain rapport with relevant stakeholders including clients,
authorities, contractors, other professional consultants and the general public.
4. Complete projects in a timely manner within budget and achieve high levels of
client satisfaction.
5. Resolve design issues that may occur on-site, seeking guidance from the
relevant Design Engineer when necessary.
6. Inspect works to ensure that they are constructed in accordance with the
engineering designs, contract specifications and authority requirements.
7. Conduct safety observations and conversations (SOCs) to help achieve a zero
accident on site.
8. Ensure equipment and manpower resources are being used efficiently.
9. Ensure that work is executing as per plans and specifications with the Quality
Assurance (QA)
10. Anticipate and resolve problems encountered in the field to eliminate costly
rework or retesting
Prof. IRFAN NALBAND 6
Advantages of equipments and machineries at
construction site :
1. Works in construction field can get smoother and faster with the help of
equipment which can help to complete the project in given deadline.
2. If projects are completed on time using highly advanced equipment, the
brand value of business increases in the market, which in turn can help
in getting new clients.
3. Employing latest technology equipments allow contractors to complete
work with minimal quality defects.
4. Increased productivity and the reliability which raise profitability.
5. Multiple tasks may performed by the advance equipments which reduces
manpower.
6. Generally CE equipments with latest technology are environment
friendly and highly fuel efficient.
7. CE equipments with latest technologies require less maintenance. They
are designed in such a way that they can work for long without major
wear and tear.
Prof. IRFAN NALBAND 7
Disadvantages of equipments and machineries at
construction site.
1. Equipments and machineries can be expensive to purchase and
operate.
2. Equipments and machineries require highly skilled and well-trained
technicians to operate.
3. All machines require an energy source, such as electricity or
hydraulic power
4. Equipments and machineries have made labours and unskilled or
partially skilled workers unemployed.
5. There are health hazards for workers and operator continuely in
contact with Equipments and machineries
6. Any casualty with Equipments and machineries on construction site
may lead to extreme loss.
7. Equipments and machineries require periodic routine maintenance
and lubrication unless that get broken down or damaged and then
require repairing which is also costlier again.
Prof. IRFAN NALBAND 8
Difference between standard and special
equipment:
------ Standard Equipment Special Equipment
Use They are commonly used in multiple They are used for special projects
projects with standard or typical type of with special type of operations.
operation.
Manufacture These components are easily These are manufactured as per the
manufactured and easily available from requirement and special order is to be
dealers. placed to get such equipment.
Availability Easily available and fast delivery Availability is difficult and the
delivery is also late.
Spare parts Spare parts are easily available Spare parts are not easily available
Repair, and Easy Difficult
Maintenance
Cost of the It is less per unit It is high per unit
Production
Example Concrete mixer,JCB,roller TBM, Hydraulic machine for dam
construction
Prof. IRFAN NALBAND 9
Cost of equipment
• The total cost of a construction equipment consist of two
components namely ownership cost and operating cost.
• This is also referred as O&O cost of the construction
equipment.
• The selection of equipment in a construction project depends
on the total cost associated with that equipment.
• For construction firms, it is important to accurately estimate
the equipment cost as some percentage (%) of the total cost
of the construction project.
• Inaccurate estimation of construction equipment cost may
adversely affect the profit margin of the firm.
f) Storage cost :
It is the cost of keeping the equipment in storage yards when it is not
operating at the work site. Storage cost includes the rental and
maintenance charge for storage yards, wages of security guards and
wages of workers employed for bringing in and out of the storage
yards. It is around 0.5 to 1.5% of the average annual investment of
equipment.
• The owner must consider all costs related to the ownership and operation of
the equipment, and the effect which continued use will have on these costs.
The latter alternative will result in a higher rental cost as some of the periodic
rental charges will be applicable towards the purchase price of the equipment.
This kind of rental agreement results in higher hourly charges than straight
rental agreement.
7. Labour Consideration :
Shortage of manpower in some situations may lead to a decision in favour of
procuring equipment that is highly automated. Further, the selection of equipment
may be governed by the availability or non-availability of trained manpower.
It can exert high tooth pressures and hence can excavate stiff material which
normally cannot be excavated by dragline. Out put of hoe is greatest when the
excavation is done near the machine, because cycle tin of operation reduces.
Also known as hoe, hack shovel and pull shovel, It is used to excavate below the
natural surface on which it rests.
Generally used to excavate trenches, pits for basements and also for grading
works, which requires precise control of depths.
The section of the arm closest to the vehicle is known as the boom, and the
section which carries the bucket is known as the dipper or dipper stick. The
boom is attached to the vehicle through a pivot known as the kingpost, which
allows the arm to slew left and right, usually through a total of around 200
degrees. Modern backhoes are powered by hydraulics.
Prof. IRFAN NALBAND 33
Application
1. Wheel trencher :
1. MECHANISM OF DOZER
HORSEPOWER
32.4 kW 43.4 HP @ 2450 rpm
OPERATING WEIGHT
D21A-8E0: 3710 kg
2. Responsive Operation:
• Forward and reverse
• Right and left steering
• Lifting
• Angling
• Tilting
DOZERS USES:
1. Land clearing.
2. Dozing (pushing material)
3. Ripping.
4. Towing other pieces of construction equipments
5. Assisting scrapers in loading.
Prof. IRFAN NALBAND 60
BLADES:
The bulldozer blade is a heavy metal plate on the front of the tractor,
used to push objects, and shoving sand, soil and debris.
b) Wheel type tractor- The engine is mounted on four wheels. The main
advantage is higher speed, sometimes exceeding 50 kmph it is used for long-
distance hauling and good roads.
3. costly 3. cheaper
4. Cost of operation and maintenance is high 4. Operational and maintenance cost is less
5. Stick control for steering 5. Wheel steering control
6. Moves on rough roads only 6. Moves on rough as well as good roads
7. Used for short distances 7.Used for longer distances
8. Requires skillful operation, maintenance 8. Lesser skills required for operations,
and repairs maintenance and repairs
Prof. N NALBAND 33 94
IRFA
DRILLING & BLASTING
Drilling and Blasting is the controlled use of explosives and other
methods such as gas pressure blasting pyrotechnics, to break rock
for excavation. It is practiced most often in mining, quarrying and
civil engineering such as dam or road construction. The result of
rock blasting is often known as a rock cut.
1. PERCUSSION DRILLS
1. Jackhammer or sinkers
2.Stop
hammer
3.Drifters
2. ABRASION DRILLS
1. Blasthole DRILLS
2. Diamond DRILLS
3. Shot DRILLS
3. FUSION PIERCING
Prof. IRFAN NALBAND
102
1. Jackhammer
• This is an air-operated drill which can easily be
carried out from one place to other.
• It is also known as sinker as it is mainly used to drill
vertical holes.
• This drills the hole of depth 3m – 6m on ground of
hard strata.
• The compressed air moves the piston so that the
hammer effect is transferred to the bit through the
drill steel.
TYPES-
1. Blast-hole drills
2. Shot drills
3. Diamond drills
1. Detonators:
• This is contrivance whose explosion initiates that
of another in continue chain.
• It is in the form of copper cylinder having
diameter about 6mm & length 25mm.
• It’s one end is sealed and other end is fused.
• It’s used when dynamite is adopted as an
explosive.
• Detonators are fired either by fuse or electric
sparks. Prof. IRFAN NALBAND 114
2. Explosives:
• Blasting powder and Dynamites
are commonly used as explosives
• Blasting powder is also known as
Gun powder.
• Blasting powder is mixture of
charcoal, sulphur, (KNO3) or
(NaNO3).
• Dynamite consist of 25% of sandy
earth saturated with 75% of Nitro-
glycerine.
• Dynamite is in thick paste form and
it is sold in Cartridges.
115
Prof. IRFAN NALBAND
Sr. Blasting Powder Dynamite
No
1. Its lifting power is high during Its shattering power is high
quarrying during quarrying
2. It is cheaper It is almost five times costlier
than blasting powder.
3. Destruction power is weak Destruction power is very
strong.
4. Blasting efficiency is lesser Blasting efficiency is greater
compared to Dynamites than blasting powder.
5. It requires hard tamping It doesn’t require hard
tamping, because it is in the
paste form.
6. It is used for ordinary type of It is used for tunnelling and
quarrying work. mining operations.
Prof. IRFAN NALBAND 116
FUSES
Fuses are required to ignite
explosives.
1. High efficiency
2. No priming needed
3. Can deliver water at high pressure
4. Can work in wide pressure range
5. Continuous rate of discharge
Well point systems are used to lower groundwater levels to provide stable working
conditions. They consist of a series of small diameter wells that are connected by a
header pipe to a well point pump. The pump creates a vacuum in the header pipe
drawing water up from the ground.
17
24
8
Aggregate Production Equipments
Aggregate Production is a two stage procedure
as follows:
1. Recovery of Stone.
2. Processing of Stone
• Recovery of Stone : The recovery of stone is done by
Quarrying of Stone Hills, Rocks or boulders from river bed
& Boulders from Country rocks & etc.
• Processing of Stone : Processing is process in which
unshaped & un-sized rocks & boulders are converted into
smaller uniform sized aggregates, as required for concrete
mix or ballast.
Prof. IRFAN NALBAND 149
Processing of rocks is done as follows:
• CRUSHING
• GRADING
• WASHING
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT Prof. IRFAN NALBAND 17 655
CONE CRUSHER
1. Cone crusher is used as
a secondary or tertiary
crusher.
2. It has a shorter cone with
smaller inlet & outlet
openings as compared
to the gyratory crusher.
3. It is used for crushing of
medium size stones into
the smaller size.
4. It is capable of
producing large
quantities of uniformly
fine crushed stone.
Prof. IRFAN NALBAND 156
ROLL CRUSHER
1. It is also a secondary or tertiary
crusher.
2. It consist of a heavy cast iron frame
equipped with two counter rotating
rollers mounted on two separate
horizontal shafts.
3. Crushed rock from primary crusher
is fed through the gap between the
two roller for further crushing.
4. One of the roller has fixed axis,
whereas one axix can be adjusted
to give required product.
5. This is compactable, light weighted
& low cost crusher.
Prof. IRFAN NALBAND 157
HAMMER MILL CRUSHER
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT 18 562
Air Compressor
An air compressor is a device that converts power
into potential energy stored in the form of
compressed air. By several methods an air
compressor forces more and more air into a
storage tank, increases the pressure. When tank
pressure reaches its upper limit the air compressor
shuts off. The compressed air, then stored in the
tank until its use. The energy contained in the
compressed air can be used for a variety of
applications, utilizing the kinetic energy of the air
as it is released and the tank depressurizes. When
tank pressure reaches its lower limit, the air
compressor turns on again and re- pressurizes the
Prof. IRFAN NALBAND 163
tank
YELLOW Colour
shows SPRING
Boom – An inclined spar, strut, or other long member supporting the hoisting
tackle
Boom stops – A device used to limit the angle of the boom at its highest position
Block – Sheaves or grooved pulleys in a frame with hook, eye and strap
Jib – Extension attached to the boom point to provide added boom length for
lifting specified loads
Construction Equipments
FINISHED
Prof. IRFAN NALBAND 194